-U. S. ALL COTTON, 1866 - 1987
YIELD AND AREA HARVESTED

POUNDS PER ACRE THOUSAND ACRES
800 — 50
600 40

30
400
20
200
f 710
Q Qo
1866 1876 1886 1896 1906 1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986
YEARS
—— YIELD —+— HARVESTED ACRES
U.S. ALL COTTON, 1876 - 1987
PRODUCTION AND PRICE
MILLION BALES CENTS PER POUND
20 - - 80

15 60

10 40

20

1) Qo
1876 1886 1896 1906 1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986

YEARS
—— PRODUCTION ~*~ PRICE

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 20 NASS, USDA


Uptand cotton production in Texas and Oklahoma is expected to total 5.49
millfon bales, up 10 percent from last year and up 6 percent from December.
Good progress was made harvesting remaining acreage with good yields and good
harvest conditions.

The Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and
Tennessee) expect to produce 4.73 million bales, 3 percent above last year and
unchanged from December. A decrease in production for Mississippi was offset
by an increase in Missouri and Tennessee.

Production in the Western States (Arizona, California, and New Mexico) is
expected to total 3.82 million bales of Upland cotton, down 3 percent from
last year and 2 percent below the December forecast. During the month of
December, California growers were busy shredding and discing remaining fields
to comply with the State's pink bollworm quarantine law. Only a few fields in
the desert areas were still being harvested.

The Southeastern States (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South
Carolina) are expected to harvest 1.03 million bales, up 10 percent from last
year and 2 percent above December. Weather conditions were favorable during
the month of December for completion of cotton harvest.

Bureau of the Census reports 14,276,182 running bales ginned prior to
January 1, compared with 13,273,932 bales to the same date last year and
8,588,206 bales in 1986.

COTTONSEED: Production for the 1988 crop, based on a three year average lint-
seed ratio, is forecast at 6.05 million tons, 5 percent above the
1987 production of 5.77 million bales.

ORANGES: U.S. all orange production is forecast at 215 million boxes, virtual-

ly unchanged from December 1 but 7 percent more than last season.
All oranges in Florida are forecast at 150 million boxes, unchanged from
December 1 but 9 percent greater than last season's crop. Early and
mid-season varieties in Florida, at 89.0 million boxes, are the same as the
December 1 forecast but 13 percent greater than last season. Harvest of
early's and mid's is 33 percent complete as compared with 28 percent a year
earlier. The Florida Valencia forecast is 61.0 million boxes, unchanged from
December 1 but 3 percent above last season.

The California all orange crop is forecast at 61.0 million boxes, unchanged
from December 1 but 4 percent greater than last season. The California Navel
crop, at 35.0 million boxes, is the same as December 1 but 11 percent more
than the crop harvested in 1987-88. Navel harvest in California is about 19
percent complete. The forecast for the California Valencia crop, at 26.0
million boxes, is unchanged from December and 5 percent below last season.

Arizona's all orange forecast, at 2.00 million boxes, is down 17 percent
from the previous forecast but 10 percent above last season. The Texas all
orange crop is forecast at 1.75 million boxes, unchanged from the last
forecast but 22 percent above last season.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 14 NASS, USDA


WINTER POTATOES

AREA PLANTED AREA HARVESTED

1988 : IND 1989 IND 1989
5,060 5,180 5,180
— YIELD PER HECTARE ==~=~=~SO:«~=S*~<C*‘=*«éi*RQOCTNSSCSCSC*~C~S~S
—_ 1988 = :~CSND 1989.~—=~*:s~<C*é‘*28B:S*~*~*~<“‘ ;S*<C*«*N—C] ‘SSCS
ee METRIC TONS ==SOTMC*~=<“C~*=‘“‘S*S*~*S*~CS~*~*~*S
23.83 24.03 118, 660 124,470

HAY STOCKS ON FARMS

1987
ee METRIC TONS

MAY 1 : 29,409,110 24,814,220

DEC 1 : 108,721,560 82,451,300

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,

JANUARY 1989 5 NASS, USDA


A COMPARISON OF ALL COTTON
PRODUCTION BY REGIONS

PERCENT

507
405
30 +

204

“Ez

MM SOUTHEAST

E

ELTA

YEARS

“aE A ES | “BEBE E| iE B
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

[=] SOUTHWEST

ai

ESS west

UPLAND RECORD HIGH YIELDS
POUNDS PER HARVESTED ACRE AND YEAR

1259
1987

1410
1987

UNITED STATES

702 — 1987

CROP PRODUCTION,
JANUARY 1989

1987

718
1983,

21

432
1979

506
1987

5
838 1986

1987

87, 699
788 ~ 785
1987,
853] 795\ J54 4
786 982 1984

984
0"

19

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
NASS, USDA


COTTON PRODUCTION AND ESTIMATES - A HISTORY

Cotton has played a major role in the development of America. From the
planting of cotton in the gardens of Virginia settlers in 1607 to providing
biological insulation suits for astronauts, cotton has been a “perennial
patriot" in the growth of this country. It is considered the single most
important textile fiber in the world, accounting for about 50 percent of total
world fiber production.

Cotton is a perennial plant, though grown as an annual in the United
States. There are two types of cotton grown in the U.S. Upland cotton,
Gossypium Hirsutum, is the most prevalent type accounting for about 99 percent
of the U.S. cotton crop. American-Pima or extra long staple (ELS) cotton,
Gossypium Barbadense, is grown in west Texas, California, New Mexico, and
Arizona. The first commercial American strain of ELS cotton was produced in
1912 in the Salt River Valley of Arizona and the Imperial Valley of California.

Upland cotton is grown throughout the U.S. Cotton Belt consisting of 17
States from Florida to California to Virginia. Major concentrations of
production are in the Delta areas of Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana; the
Texas High Plains and Rolling Plains; central Arizona; and the San Joaquin
Valley of California. The northern limit of cotton growth in the U.S. is
established by a need for at least 200 days between killing frosts and a
minimum average summer temperature of 77 degrees. Cotton's growing season of
about 150 days is the longest of any annually planted crop in the country.

The fiber (lint) of cotton varies by type. Upland varieties usually range
in staple length from 7/8 inch to about 1 1/4 inches while ELS lint generally
ranges from 1 3/8 inches to 1 3/4 inches. ELS cotton is more desirable for
high-value products such as sewing thread and expensive apparel items.

An often overlooked part of the crop is the vast amount of cottonseed that
is produced along with the fiber. Annual cottonseed production averages 5
miltion tons. More than 5 billion pounds of cottonseed meal are used in feed
for livestock, dairy cattle, and poultry. Two million gallons of cottonseed
oil are used for food products ranging from margarine to salad dressing.

At the time E14 Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, cotton production
was estimated at 10,000 bales. In 1789, the U.S. textile industry began in a
small plant im Rhode Island and by 1847, more people worked in textiles than
in any other industry. Production ranged from about 2 million bales in 1866
to a record high in 1937 of 18.9 million bales. Since 1937, U.S. production
has averaged over 12.4 million bales a year, fluctuating from a low of 7.4
million bales in 1967 to a high of 15.6 million bales in 1981. While
government programs and prices of cotton and competing crops have influenced
acreage, weather has been the chief determinent of year-to-year variability in
yields.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 18 NASS, USDA


REVISED VALENCIA AND TOTAL ORANGE ESTIMATES FOR
CALIFORNIA AND THE UNITED STATES

STATE, CROP: YIELD : UTILIZATION OF PRODUCTION
AND : BEARING PER 0 penne nnn nn enn nnn nnn n ene c een n ene
SEASON ACREAGE ACRE : FRESH : PROCESSED: TOTAL
ACRES BOXES 1,000 BOXES 1/

CALIFORNIA
NAVEL AND MISC:

1987-88 : 105,500 299 24,900 6,600 31,500
VALENCIA :

1987-88* : 66,500 au 16,300 11,000 27,300
ALL :

1987-88* : 172,000 342 41,200 ‘17,600 58,800
US :
EARLY, MIDSEASON :

AND NAVEL :

1987-88 : 312,400 357 32,178 79,372 ~——«111, 550
VALENCIA :

1987-88* : 262,200 337 21,238 «67,252 88,490
TOTAL

1987-88* 574,600 348 53,416 146,624 200,040

VALUE OF PRODUCTION
PROCESSED
1,000 DOLLARS

CALIFORNIA
NAVEL AND MISC:

1987-88 19.58 1.20 7.82 238,542 7,920 246,462
VALENCIA :

1987-88* 511.48 2.26 «= 7.76 ~—«:187,124 +~—24,860 ~—271, 984
ALL :

1987-88* 110.33 1.86 7.80 425,666 32,780 458,446
us :
EARLY, MIDSEASON :

AND’ NAVEL :

1987-88 : 9.59 7.26 7.88 308,223 569,835 878,058
VALENCIA :

1987-88* 111.07 8.76 = 9.26 += 235,686 576,619 812,305
TOTAL :

1987-88* 7.94 8.49 543,909 1,146,454 1,690,363

1/ SEE PAGE 12 FOR NET WEIGHT PER BOX. 2/ EQUIVALENT PACKINGHOUSE-DOOR
RETURNS. 3/ U S SEASON AVERAGE PRICES ARE DERIVED BY WEIGHTING THE STATE
SEASON AVERAGE PRICES PER BOX BY THE RESPECTIVE BOX WEIGHTS. * REVISED.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 10 NASS, USDA


COTTON

1,000 BALES 2/

514 330.0 397.0 380.0
1,197 675.0 849.0 270.0
747 602.0 901.0 1,050.0
1,025 2,245.0 2,989.0 2,850.0
497 28.0 39.0 30.0
564 185.0 338.0 370.0
427 ‘7 29 8
707 673.0 977.0 950.0
738 1,190.0 1,745.0 1,830.0
628 196.0 330.0 310-0
77 62.0 89.0 103.0
51] 109.0 98.0 132.0
348 210.0 346.0 290.0
500 87.0 106.0 148-0
529 396.0 634.0 590.0
47) 2,535.0 4,635.0 5,200.0
vA > 55a 373 560 1.5 1.4 3.5
us oo: 847 702 620 9,525.2 14,475.3 15,107.3
AMER -PIMA
ARIZ. + 965 1,126 938 148.3 213.0 250.0
CALIF : 14173 853 2.2 3.2
NMEX : 718 642 682 16.6 18.6 25.0
TeX: 781 787 729 4ay.0 50.8 60.0
uS : 890 1,000 869 205.9 284.6 338.2
572 514 397.0 380.0
1,342 01,127 1,062.0 1,420.0
786 747 901.0 1,050.0
1,258 1,024 2,991.2 2,853.2
646 497 39.
662 564
480 427
782 707
829 738
838 628
680 709
495 511
415 348
428 500
700 529
508 473
373 560

623

GINN

1,000 TONS

150.0 138.5
390.0 437.0
338.0 395.8

1,381.8 1,131.5

14.4 10.8
122.0 329.9
+4 23
378.0 355.1
6

0

7

5

0

1

2

?

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 7 NASS, USDA


COTTON

1,000 ACRES

UPLAND
ALA 315.0 335.0 375.0 313.0 333.0 355.0
ARIZ 250.0 290.0 350.0 249.0 289.0 349.0
ARK 490.0 555.0 695.0 480.0 550.0 675.0
CALIF 1,000.0 1,150.0 1,350.0 990.0 1,140.0 1,335.0
FLA 19.5 29.5 33.0 19.0 29.0 29.0
GA 225.0 250.0 350.0 195.0 245.0 315.0
KANS 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 9 a)
LA 580.0 605.0 735.0 570.0 600.0 645.0
MISS 1,020.0 1,020.0 1,230.0 1,000.0 1,010.0 1,190.0
MO 178.0 190.0 240.0 160.0 189.0 237.0
N MEX 63.0 66.0 77.0 50.0 62.0 69.0
NC 82.0 96.0 126.0 81.0 95.0 124.0
OKLA 400.0 420.0 460.0 350.0 400.0 400.0
sc 118.0 120.0 145.0 113.0 119.0 142.0
TENN 340.0 440.0 540.0 335.0 435.0 535.0
TEX 4,850.0 4,700.0 5,600.0 3,450.0 4,400.0 5,300.0
VA 1.4 1.8 3.0 1.3 1.8 3.0
US : 9,933.1 10, 269.3 12,310.0 8,357.3 9,898.7 11,703.9
AMER-PIMA
ARIZ 74.0 91.0 128.0 73.8 90.8 128.0
CALIF 0.9 1.8 0.9 1.8
N MEX VW1 14.0 17.6 1 13.9 17.6
TEX 26.4 32.0 40.0 26.2 31.0 39.5
US 111.5 137.9 187.4 11.1 136.6 186.9
ALL
ALA 315.0 335.0 375.0 313.0 333.0 355.0
ARIZ 324.0 381.0 478.0 322.8 379.8 477.0
ARK 490.0 555.0 695.0 480.0 550.0 675.0
CALIF 1,000.0 1,150.9 1,351.8 990.0 1,140.9 1,336.8
FLA 19.5 29.5 33.0 19.0 29.0 29.0
GA 225.0 250.0 350.0 195.0 245.0 315.0
KANS 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 9 9
LA 580.0 605.0 735.0 570.0 600.0 645.0
MISS 1,020.0 1,020.0 1,230.0 7,000.0 7,010.0 1,190.0
MO 178.0 190.0 240.0 160.0 189.0 237.0
N MEX : 74.1 80.0 94.6 61.1 75.9 86.6
NC 82.0 96.0 126.0 81.0 95.0 124.0
OKLA 400.0 420.0 460.0 350.0 400.0 400.0
sc 118.0 120.0 145.0 113.0 119.0 142.0
TENN 340.0 440.0 540.0 335.0 435.0 535.0
TEX 4,876.4 4,732.0 5,640.0 3,476.2 4,431.0 5,339.5
VA 1.4 1.8 3.0 1.3 1.8 3.0
US + 10,044.6 10, 407.2 32,497 .4 8,468.4 10,035.3 11,890.8
CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 6 NASS, USDA


With the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, the Cotton
Belt began to move westward. By 1880, Texas had become the chief cotton
producing State. Since 1882, Texas has been the leading cotton State with the
exceptions of 1974 and 1982 when California was the teading State.

U.S. cotton production continued to shift westward until 1979 when the
Southwest (Texas and Oklahoma) and the West (Arizona, New Mexico, and
California) accounted for 75 percent of the total production. Since 1979, the
Southeastern and Delta States have regained a small portion of the share of
production lost to the westward expansion. In 1987, Southeastern and Delta
States accounted for 38 percent of total production and the Southwest and West
accounted for 62 percent.

After the Civil War, cotton acreage expanded steadily from about 5 million
acres to a record high 44.6 million in 1926. It then declined to about 14
million acres in the mid-]960's and to 10.4 million in 1987.

During the 1866-1930 period, cotton yields averaged about 180 pounds per
harvested acre and rarely exceeded 200 pounds. From 1930 to the mid-1960's,
acreage trended down but yields moved upward. An uptrend, beginning in 1937,
boosted yields above 200 pounds. They exceeded 300 pounds in 1948, 400 pounds
jn 1955, and 500 pounds in 1965. Since 1965, yields have fluctuated consider
ably but reached a record high in 1987 of 706 pounds per harvested acre.
Increases in yields can be attributed to more of the crop being grown on land
well adapted to cotton, to improved technology and management, and to a larger
proportion of the crop being produced on irrigated land.

In 1987, cotton ranked fifth ($4.6 billion) among the major field crops in
value of farm production following corn ($12.1 billion), soybeans ($10.4
billion), baled hay ($9.1 billion), and wheat ($5.4 billion). Cotton acres
harvested represented over 3 percent of U.S. total acreage of principal crops
harvested. In an average year, the crop covers some 12 million acres or
nearly 19,000 square miles. That is roughly equivalent to the combined land
areas of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. The number of farms
harvesting cotton have declined drastically over the years while the average
harvested acreage per farm has increased. For example, in 1949 1.1 million
farms harvested an average of 24 acres of cotton each. By 1982, only 38,000
farms harvested cotton but the average acreage harvested had increased to 256.

The following three charts depict cotton acreage, production, yield, and
price over time. The fourth chart shows Upland cotton record high yields by
State. From 1969 to date, cotton production is estimated in 480-pound net
weight bales. Prior to 1969, production was estimated in 500-pound gross
weight bales.

(Based on “The U.S. Cotton Industry," Agricultural Economic Report 567, by
Irving R. Starbird, Edward H. Glade, dr., W. C. McArthur, Fred T. Cooke, dr.,
and Terry Townsend, June 1987, and information provided by the National Cotton
Council.)

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARB,

JANUARY 1989 19 NASS, USDA


HAY STOCKS ON FARMS

MAY 1 DECEMBER 1
STATE fe-nenen nena nnn n nena eee nen ene nent cence enn nen neem nen neenen
1987 1988 1987 1988
1,000 TONS
ALA: 168 132 1,250 1,125
ARIZ: 25 a 263 133
ARK: 486 482 1,290 1,337
CALIF : 345 360 25341 25163
colo: 728 809 3,033 2,374
CONN : 36 22 129 WwW
DEL: 6 5 36 41
FLA: 101 80 479 474
GA : 135 238 1,003 953
IDAHO: 1,086 901 4,008 3,648
ILL: 733 570 2,472 1,986
IND: 358 360 1,754 1,233
IOWA: 2,080 1,341 5,832 4,732
KANS : 1,150 1,023 4,635 3,571
KY : 574 727 3,893 3,286
LA : 102 97 799 624
MAINE: 108 8i 278 290
MD : 76 109 494 452
MASS: 59 47 178 175
MICH: 861 570 2,236 2,405
MINN: 1,548 1,482 5,850 4,594
MISS: 232 285 1,354 1,170
MO : 1,266 927 5,375 4,334
MONT: 1,296 1,179 4,842 2,706
NEBR: 1,921 1,236 5,217 4,557
NEV: 206 207 897 668
NH: 42 36 118 130
Nd oo: 18 40 172 136
N MEX 92 67 536 353
NY 1,028 843 3,688 2,964
NC 69 102 486 614
N DAK 1,465 1,343 5,275 2,312
OHIO 560 575 2,875 1,878
OKLA 1,417 883 3,972 3,734
OREG 689 392 2,200 1,665
PA 769 988 4,054 3,301
RI ? 5 12 1
Sc 46 90 338 378
SD 4,105 2,765 8,508 4,614
TENN 251 370 2,485 2,056
TEX 2,313 1,665 8,089 5,778
UTAH 470 381 1,503 1,155
VT 206 179 587 532
VA 190 344 1,954 1,776
WASH 517 405 2,104 1,700
WVA 128 149 895 745
WIS 1,616 1,954 7,726 3,792
WYO 734 466 2,330 2,121
US 32,418 27,353 119,845 90,887
CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,

JANUARY 1989 9 NASS, USDA


United States

Crop aera
Production —

Washington, D.C.

RELEASED: January 11, 1989
3:00 P.M. ET

HIGHLIGHTS

ALL COTTON production in 1988 is forecast at 15.4 million bales, up 5 percent
from 1987 and up 2 percent from the December 1 forecast.

CITRUS production is forecast at 13.2 million tons, 6 percent higher than last
season and 13 percent above the 1986-87 season.

ORANGE production is forecast at 215 million boxes, virtually unchanged from
December 1 but 7 percent above last season.

GRAPEFRUIT production, including California's "Desert" grapefruit but excluding
California's "Other Areas" grapefruit is forecast at 63.7 million boxes,
unchanged from December 1 but 1 percent above last season.

LEMON production, at 22.4 million boxes, is down 1 percent from the previous
forecast but 8 percent above last season.

WINTER POTATO production for 1989 is forecast at 2.74 million cwt, up 5 per-
cent from last year and 10 percent above 1987.

HAY STOCKS on farms December 1, 1988 totaled 90.9 million tons, 24 percent
below holdings on the same date in 1987 and 25 percent below December 1,
1986.

FARIK II IKI ISA III IIIS AISI IIIS IIIS III ISI ISI ISI ISHII IIIA IIIA III IAAI.

NOTICE *
*

This publication contains revised Valencia and total orange estimates *
for California and the United States. Revised total citrus estimates *
are also shown for California and the United States. *

*
Requests for a subscription order form covering all available reports *
should be directed to Agricultural Statistics Board Publications, Room *
5829-South Building, USDA, Washington, D.C. 20250. (202) 447-4021. *

*
This report and other statistical, economic, marketing and news reports*
are available electronically as soon as possible following release *
through USDA's EDI SERVICE. For more information, call or write: *
Russell Forte, (202) 447-5505, OGPA, USDA, Washington, D.C. 20250. *

*

*

OR RO Ok OO OF

The next issue of this report will be published February 9, 1989
HKIKKEEEAKIEKRIRE REE RIKER IAAI RIKER IRI ERIE IKI KAIRIE RIKI RIKER RII AREER.

CrPr 2-2 (1-89) For Information Call: (202) 447-2127


ITRUS FRUIT 1/

PRODUCTION : PRODUCTION
: BOXES 3 TON EQUIVALENT
CROP aaa aa aaa aaa laa alata el had ciatalatatekatalebetaeieieiabehal
AND : UTILIZED NDICATED
STATE 3
1988-89
1,000 UNITS 2/ 1,000 UNITS
ORANGES,EARLY MID
& NAVEL 3/i
ARIZ : 1,000 610 550 37 23 21
CALIF : 34,500 31,500 35,000 1,294 1,182 1,313
FLA : 65,800 78,500 89,000 2,961 3,532 4,005
TEX 3 500 940 1,200 22 40 51
Us s 101,800 VAT, 550 125,759 4,314 4,777 5,390
ORANGES, VALENCIA :
ARIZ 3 1,700 1,200 1,450 64 45 54
CALIF 4/: 23,400 27,300 26,000 878 1,024 975
FLA 3 53,900 59,500 61,000 2,425 2,677 2,745
TEX 3 375 490 550 16 21 23
US 4/: 79,375 88,490 89,000 3,383 3,767 3,797
ALL ORANGES :
ARIZ : 2,700 1,810 2,000 107 68 75
CALIF 4/s 57,900 58,800 61,000 2,172 2,206 2,288
FLA : 119,700 138,000 150,000 5,386 6,209 6,750
TEX 3 875 1,430 1,750 38 61 74
US 4/: 181,175 200,040 214,750 7,697 8,544 9,187
TEMPLES 3
FLA : 3,400 3,550 3,800 153 160 71
GRAPEFRUIT, WHITE :
SEEDLESS :
FLA z 26,900 29,200 28,500 1,143 1,241 1,21
GRAPEFRUIT, COLORED:
SEEDLESS :
FLA 3 20,000 21,900 23,000 850 930 978
OTHER GRAPEFRUIT
FLA 2,900 2,750 2,500 123 117 106
ALL GRAPEFRUIT
ARIZ : 2,200 1,500 1,300 70 48 42
CALIF S/:
DESERT : 4,300 4,200 3,900 137 135 125
OTHER AREAS t 5,000 4,700 168 168
TOTAL 3 9,300 8,900 305 293
FLA : 49,800 53,850 54,000 2,116 2,288 2,295
TEX H 1,925 3,800 4,500 77 152 180
US 3 63,225 68,050 2,568 2,781
TANGERINES :
ARIZ 3 700 450 500 26 7 19
CALIF : 2,230 2,090 1,800 83 78 68
FLA : 2,340 2,450 2,700 11 117 128
US 3 5,270 4,990 5,000 220 212 215
LEMONS :
ARIZ 3 7,100 3,650 3,900 270 139 148
CALIF 3 21,500 17,000 18,500 817 646 703
Us : 28,600 20,650 22,400 1,087 785 851
TANGELOS 3
FLA 2 4,000 4,200 3,900 180 189 176

T/ THE CROP YEAR BEGINS WITH THE BLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR SHOWN AND ENDS WITH
YEAR HARVEST IS COMPLETED. 2/ NET LBS PER BOX: ORANGES-CALIF & ARIZ-75,
FLA-90, TEX-85; GRAPEFRUIT-CALIF DESERT & ARIZ-64, CALIF OTHER-67, FLA-85,
TEX-~80; LEMONS-76; TANGELOS & TEMPLES-90; TANGERINES-CALIF & ARIZ-75, FLA-95.
3/ NAVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS VARIETIES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA. EARLY AND MID-
SEASON VARIETIES IN FLORIDA AND TEXAS, INCLUDING SMALL QUANTITIES OF TANGERINES
IN TEXAS. 4/ 1987-88 CROP REVISED. 5/ THE FIRST FORECAST FOR CALIF GRAPE-
FRUIT "OTHER AREAS" WILL BE AS OF APR 1.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 12 NASS, USDA


TILIZATION OF PRODUCTION: VALUE
halal ahalhatateietaleietataieaaaiatanal : OF
PROCESSED

PRODUCTION

1,000 DOLLARS

TOTAL CITRUS

CALIFORNIA:
1987-88" : 249,700 3,223 2,190 1,033 717,583
US :
1987-88" : 832,400 «12,728 4,176 8,552 2,525,604
* REVISED. =
CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,

JANUARY 1989 it NASS, USDA


POTATOES

SEASONAL ---- YIELD PRODUCTION
GROUP PLANTED HARVESTED
AND tener nnn e nnn nnn nnn nnn nn nn nnn nn nen nn nen nn nn nnn nnn ee nnn ne ene eens
STATE IND: ‘IND: 2 IND : IND
1988 : 1989 : 1988 : 1989: 1988: 1989: 1987: 1988: 1989
1,000 ACRES cwr 1,000 CWT
WINTER
CALIF 5.2 5.5 5.2 §.5 230 240 1,081 1,196 1,320
FLA 73°73 721 7:3. 20019512420 «134201424
TOTAL =: 12.5 12.8 12.3 12.8 213 214 2,501 2,616 2,744
SPRING 1/
ALA 4.2 4.1 135 613-554
ARIZ 5.3 5.3 235 1,348 1,246
CALIF 19.6 19.6 385 73981 77546
FLA
HASTINGS : 27.0 26.5 235 4,505 6,228
OTHER: 2.6 2.5 210 399 °525
LA 5 14 50 18 20
NC 14.5 14.4 190 2,030 2,736
TEX 6.4 6.2 185 930 1.147
TOTAL: 80.1 79.0 253 17,724 20,002
1/1988 REVISED.

NOV :

DEC 2 4,135
JAN :

FEB

MAR

APR

PAPAYAS - HAWAIT

AREA FRESH PRODUCTION

HARVESTED
sFORECAST

1,000 POUNDS

5,600
5,480
4,010
2,930
3, 150
4,255

CROP PRODUCTION,
JANUARY 1989

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD

NASS, USDA


UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY
(METRIC UNITS)
CITRUS FRUITS, PRODUCTION 1/

CROP 1987-88 0 enecc een eceeneeneeeneen nc eem ne enneeceneneee
DEC 1, 1988 JAN 1, 1989
METRIC. TONS ~

ORANGES :  75750,990 8,347,910

LEMONS : 7122140

1/ SEASON BEGINS WITH THE BLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR SHOWN AND ENDS WITH THI
COMPLETION OF HARVEST THE FOLLOWING YEAR.

COTTON - AREA PLANTED AND HARVESTED

AREA PLANTED

CROP ft meen nnn nr enn en nnn nnn eres enn nn nn ne nn ne nnn een n renee
1987 IND 1988 1987 IND 1988
HECTARES
ALL COTTON : 4,211,690 5,057,570 4,061,180 4,812,090
UPLAND : 4,155,880 4,981,730 4,005,900 4,736,450
AMER-PIMA : 55,810 75,840 55,280 75,640

1987 : 1988 : 1987 : DEC T, : JAN],
: : : 1988: 1989

METRIC TONS

ALL COTTON : 0.79 -70 3,213,570 3,308,650 3,362,840
UPLAND > 0.79 +69 3,151,610 3,233,060 3,289,210
AMER-PIMA 2 1.12 97 61,960 75,590 73,630

COTTONSEED : 5,233,550 5,398,660 5,492,100

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,

JANUARY 1989 4 NASS, USDA


_ Changes in U.S. production between the January 1 forecast. and final produc-
tion have averaged 15.9 million boxes over the past ten seasons, ranging from
680 thousand boxes in 1982-83 to 43.2 million boxes in 1981-82. A freeze in
Florida during January 1982 was the major cause for the 43.2 million box
difference between the January 1, 1982 forecast and final production for
1981-82.

FLORIDA FROZEN CONCENTRATED JUICE YIELD: The 1988-89 forecast of yield for all

Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice for
Florida is 1.50 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix. ‘ The forecast is
projected to estimate the final yield as reported by the Florida Citrus
Pracessors Association. The 1987-88 yield for al) fruit used im-FCOJ was a
record high 1.55342 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix. an

GRAPEFRUIT: The U.S. prospects for the 1988-89 season, inchedtng Calffornia's

"Desert" grapefruit but excluding California's “Other Areas”
grapefruit, indicates a crop of 63.7 million boxes, 1 percent above the
previous season but unchanged from the December } forecast. Production for
the California "Other Areas" crop, which wil] be forecast as of April 1, 1989,
accounted for 4.70 million boxes last season. The California “Desert Valley"
crop forecast is 3.90 million boxes, 7 percent below last season. The Florida
all grapefruit forecast is 54.0 million boxes -- unchanged from the December 1
forecast and virtually the same as last season. Harvest in florida is 19
percent complete. Arizona's forecast is 1.30 million boxes, 13 percent below
last season. In Texas, the forecast is 4.50 million boxes, 18 percent above
last season and 134 percent greater than the 1986-87 season of 1.93 million
boxes.

LEMONS: Production in Arizona and California is expected to total 22.4 million

boxes, down 1 percent from the previous forecast but 8 percent above
last season's utilized production. California's forecast continues at 18,5
million boxes, 9 percent above the 1987-88 season. Freezing temperatures
occurred in al} three lemon districts during the last week of December.
Damage was mostly light but some low lying groves experienced heavier damage.
The crop reduction caused by the frost is expected to be minimal because much
of the fruit had already been picked in the worst affected areas. More fruit
will be diverted to processed products because of the freezing temperatures.
Harvest is 27 percent complete in California.

The Arizona forecast is 3.90 million boxes, down 7 percent from the
previous forecast but 7 percent above last season's utilized crop. The four
to five nights of freezing temperatures the last week of December should not
have any significant effect on the Arizona lemon crop since 80 percent had
been harvested by January 1.

TANGELOS: The Florida crop, excluding K-early citrus fruit, at 3.90 million
boxes, is unchanged from December 1 but 7 percent below the 1987-88
crop. Harvest is 57 percent complete.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 15 NASS, USDA


PAPAYAS: Hawaii fresh papaya production is forecast at 5.00 million pounds for

January, 25 percent higher than January 1988. Output is anticipated
to dip to 4.50 million pounds in February. The March forecast is for 4.60
million pounds followed by an increase in April to 5.10 million pounds.

December 1988 fresh utilization is estimated at 5.48 million pounds, 2
percent less than November and 9 percent lower than last December. Total 1988
fresh sales were virtually unchanged from 1987.

Weather conditions were variable during December. Major production areas
experienced a mixture of sunshine and light to moderate showers during the
first half of the month. Conditions were unfavorable during the latter half
of December with occasional heavy showers and strong winds.

Crop area totaling 4,605 acres for December 1988, was 1 percent higher
than November and 11 percent higher than last December. Area harvested
totaled 2,380 acres, 3 percent more than November 1988 and 6 percent more than
December 1987.

HAY STOCKS ON FARMS: Hay stocks on farms totaled 90.9 million tons on Decem-

ber 1, 1988. This was 24 percent less than on hand a
year earlier and 25 percent below the holdings on December 1, 1986. The lower
stocks this year reflect the effect of drought last summer.

POTATOES: Winter potato production for 1989 is forecast at 2.74 million cwt,

up 5 percent from last year and 10 percent above 1987. Harvest
area is forecast at 12.8 thousand acres, a gain of 4 percent over 1988 and 9
percent above 1987. The average yield is expected to hit 214 cwt per acre,
slightly above last year and the same as two years ago.

California acreage for harvest is up 6 percent from last year with yield
expected to be 4 percent higher. Planting in Florida is nearly completed, but
irrigation is being used on dry soils. Crop condition is mostly good, while
favorable set and sizing is apparent.

SPRING POTATO FINAL: The final estimate of 1988 spring potatoes shows produc-

tion at 20.0 million cwt, up 13 percent from 1987 and 1
percent above 1986 output. Harvested acreage stayed at 79.0 thousand acres,
down 2 percent from 1987; while the average yield was found to be slightly
larger than the June 1 forecast.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 7 NASS, USDA


WINTER POTATOES

HAY STOCKS ON FARMS

DATE 1987 1988
1,000 TONS
MAY 1 : 32,418 27,353
DEC 1 : 1192845 90.887
CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 3 NASS, USDA


UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY
(OOMESTIC UNITS)
CITRUS FRUITS, PRODUCTION 1/

INDICATED 1988-89

cRoP 1987-88 penne na cee nena nen nn ee neem neon nen eeennenesene
DEC 1, 1988 JAN 1, 1989
Bo 1,000 BOXES s—i(‘(‘( ;é‘<C;<‘<;<; CS
ORANGES : 200,040 215,150 214,750
LEMONS : 20,650 227.800

T/__ SEASON BEGINS WITH THE BLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR SHOWN AND ENDS WITH THE
COMPLETION OF HARVEST THE FOLLOWING YEAR.

COTTON - AREA PLANTED AND HARVESTED

AREA PLANTED AREA HARVESTED

CROP tenn nen een een nen re nee eee ene eens
1987 IND 1988 1987 IND 1988
SO TS TT ESEESTSS""T5000 ACRES StSC~CS
ALL_COTTON > 10,407.2 12,497.4 10,035.3 11,890.8
UPLAND > 10,269.3 12,310.0 9,898.7 115703.9
AMER-PIMA : 137.9 187.4 136.6 186.9
COTTON AND COTTONSEED - YIELD PER ACRE AND PRODUCTION
CROP :
AND : : INDICATED
UNIT 1987: 1988 : 1987
ALL COTTON 706 623 14,759.9 15,196.6 15,445.5
UPLAND : 702 620, 14,475.3  143849.4 = 15,107.3
AMER-PIMA "+ 1,000 869 284.6 347.2 338.2
COTTONSEED TON 5,769 5,951 6,054

1/ YIELD IN POUNDS. 2/ COTTON PRODUCTION IN 480-LB NET WEIGHT BALES.

The CROP PRODUCTION report contains State and National estimates with ]
related information on selected agricultural commodities. These data were
prepared and adopted by the Agricultural Statistics Board which consists of
commodity statisticians from the field offices and Washington headquarters.

APPROVE D: AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD:
Rich D. Atlen, Chairperson,
L. Duane Jewell, Secretary,

~ Robert L. Addison, Thomas E. Kurtz,
| Ane, Donald M. Bay, Hugh M. McWilliams,
w 4 Arvin R. Budge, Archie J. Olson,

S. Radley Edwards, Darwin E. Ransom,

Robert L. Freie, James L. Smith,

Carol C. House, H. James Tippett,
John D. Witzig.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 2 NASS, USDA


DECEMBER HARVESTING PROGRESS

Cotton harvest was normal or ahead of normal early in December. Harvest
was 92 percent complete, 7 points ahead of normal as of December 11. Most of
the unharvested acreage was in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Rain and snow
slowed harvesting early in the month in those States. Snow, ice, and blowing
sand reduced the quality of the unharvested crop in Texas. Soybean harvest
was still in progress in the Delta, the Southeast, and portions of the eastern
Corn Belt. By mid-month, soybean harvest was nearly complete except in the
Southeast. Cotton harvest was nearly complete by the end of December.
Producers in Arizona, California, and Texas began preparing for seeding the
1989 cotton crop late in the month. Soybean harvest was nearly complete in
the Southeast at month's end.

DECEMBER WEATHER SUMMARY

Dryness continued along the southern Atlantic seaboard and in the winter
wheat areas of the Great Plains. South Florida received the least amount of
rainfall on record for the September to December period. Dryness also pre-
vailed over the northern Atlantic seaboard, the western Corn Belt, and the
interior of the Pacific Northwest. Winter storms brought near to above-
normal precipitation into most of the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Heavy
snow fell in the northern and central Rockies. Cold weather prevailed over
the northern and central Intermountains Plateau while above-normal temper-
atures persisted in the central and southern Great Plains. (Prepared by the
Joint USDA/NOAA Agricultural Weather Facility.)

WINTER WHEAT

Lack of moisture stressed winter wheat in the central and southern Plains
during December. At mid-month, some reseeding occurred in Texas. Greenbug
infestation was a continuing problem. By the end of the month, greenbugs were
a problem as far north as Nebraska. Moisture improved conditions in eastern
Kansas and the Texas Blacklands late in Oecember. Early in the month,
producers were concerned about lack of snow cover in the northern Plains and
the Corn Belt. By month's end, snow cover was improved but still limited in
some areas. Despite limited snow cover in Colorado and Montana, wind damage
was light. Russian wheat aphids were a problem in Oregon and Washington
during most of the month. Storms slowed seeding in California during the
latter half of December. Winter wheat was mostly good to fair in the
Southeast. Seeding was nearly complete by month's end.

COTTON: All cotton production is forecast at 15.4 million bales, up 5 percent

from 1987 and up 2 percent from the December 1 forecast. This is the
highest production since 1981 when 15.6 million bales were produced. The
Upland production is expected to total 15.1 million bales and American-Pima
production a record high 3.38 thousand bales. Total area harvested is
expected to tota) 11.9 million acres, up 18 percent from last year and up 2
percent from the December estimate. Yields are expected to average 623 pounds
per harvested acre, down 83 pounds per acre from 1987's record, and down 4
pounds from December.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 13 NASS, USDA


TANGERINES: The U.S. production forecast is 5.00 million boxes, down 1 percent

from the previous forecast but virtually unchanged from last
season's utilized crop. Harvest remains active in Florida, Arizona, and
California. Fruit size in California is reported normal to small with quality
good to average.

The Florida forecast is 2.70 million boxes, unchanged from December 1 but
10 percent above 1987-88. The forecast for all Florida tangerines includes
Robinson, Dancy, and Honey tangerines. The California crop forecast remains
at 1.80 million boxes but is down 14 percent from last season. The Arizona
crop forecast is 500 thousand boxes, 9 percent below the previous forecast but
11 higher than the 1987-88 utilized production.

TEMPLES: The Florida forecast is 3.80 million boxes, unchanged from December 1
but 7 percent above last season. Harvest is just starting.

ARIZONA CITRUS: The State experienced five nights of freezing weather the last

week of December. Freezing temperatures occurred in both the
Phoenix and Yuma areas, the only two citrus production areas of the State.
Depending upon location in Yuma, crops were exposed to 18 to 25 hours of
below-freezing temperatures. Lowest temperature in Yuma was 27. Temperatures
were colder than that in rural areas of Phoenix.

Measures were taken to protect the fruit, such as irrigating, running wind
turbines, etc. It is the genera) opinion that it will be several weeks before
any accurate damage assessment can be made.

CALIFORNIA CITRUS: The Navel orange harvest was active with smaller than nor-

mal sizes being reported. Harvest was slow in the morning
hours due to wet, foggy conditions. Harvesting of Desert lemons, grapefruit,
and tangerines gained momentum. At month's end, low nighttime temperatures
threatened the citrus crop. Sprinklers, wind machines, and smudgepots were
being used to keep temperatures up. No major damage was reported.

FLORIDA CITRUS: Most of this State's groves were in good condition through

December. Rainfall was generally less than normal in all
citrus areas which has caused a lot of caretakers to irrigate hoping to
prevent fruit softening. There was a general frost across the citrus belt on
the morning of December 19th. However, the low temperatures did not last long
enough to do significant fruit or foliage damage. Some new leaves were burned
and will drop off, but new leaves will rapidly grow as there was virtually no
twig or stem damage. Harvest of early oranges was exceeding 5.50 million
boxes per week by the second week of December. Grapefruit movement averaged
more than a million boxes weekly during the month. Harvest of Dancy tangerines
and Orlando tangelos showed strong fresh movement for Christmas fresh fruit
trade. Caretakers were very active this-month cultivating cover crops.

CROP PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS BOARD,
JANUARY 1989 16 NASS, USDA