<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

                             JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.

                                       TO

                     WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                   AS TRUSTEE

                                    INDENTURE

                          DATED AS OF __________, 200_

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                       PAGE
                                                                                                                       ----
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION....................................................    1

         Section 1.1        Definitions..............................................................................    1
         Section 1.2        Compliance Certificates and Opinions.....................................................   10
         Section 1.3        Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee...................................................   11
         Section 1.4        Acts of Holders; Record Dates............................................................   11
         Section 1.5        Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company....................................................   13
         Section 1.6        Notice to Holders; Waiver................................................................   13
         Section 1.7        Conflict with Trust Indenture Act........................................................   14
         Section 1.8        Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.................................................   14
         Section 1.9        Successors and Assigns...................................................................   14
         Section 1.10       Separability Clause......................................................................   14
         Section 1.11       Benefits of Indenture....................................................................   14
         Section 1.12       Governing Law............................................................................   15
         Section 1.13       Legal Holidays...........................................................................   15
         Section 1.14       Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations....................................   15
         Section 1.15       Indenture May be Executed in Counterparts................................................   15

ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS.............................................................................................   16

         Section 2.1        Forms Generally..........................................................................   16
         Section 2.2        Form of Face of Security.................................................................   16
         Section 2.3        Form of Reverse of Security..............................................................   18
         Section 2.4        Form of Legend for Global Securities.....................................................   23
         Section 2.5        Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication..........................................   23
         Section 2.6        Form of Conversion Notice................................................................   23

ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES.............................................................................................   25

         Section 3.1        Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.....................................................   25
         Section 3.2        Denominations............................................................................   28
         Section 3.3        Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating...........................................   28
         Section 3.4        Temporary Securities.....................................................................   29
         Section 3.5        Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange......................................   30
         Section 3.6        Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.........................................   31
         Section 3.7        Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved...........................................   32
         Section 3.8        Persons Deemed Owners....................................................................   34
         Section 3.9        Cancellation.............................................................................   34
         Section 3.10       Computation of Interest..................................................................   34

ARTICLE 4 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.................................................................................   34

         Section 4.1        Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture..................................................   34
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                       PAGE
                                                                                                                       ----
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
         Section 4.2        Application of Trust Money...............................................................   35

ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES...................................................................................................   36

         Section 5.1        Events of Default........................................................................   36
         Section 5.2        Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.......................................   37
         Section 5.3        Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee..........................   38
         Section 5.4        Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.........................................................   39
         Section 5.5        Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities..............................   39
         Section 5.6        Application of Money Collected...........................................................   39
         Section 5.7        Limitation on Suits......................................................................   40
         Section 5.8        Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to
                            Convert..................................................................................   40
         Section 5.9        Restoration of Rights and Remedies.......................................................   41
         Section 5.10       Rights and Remedies Cumulative...........................................................   41
         Section 5.11       Delay or Omission Not Waiver.............................................................   41
         Section 5.12       Control by Holders.......................................................................   41
         Section 5.13       Waiver of Past Defaults..................................................................   42
         Section 5.14       Undertaking for Costs....................................................................   42
         Section 5.15       Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws..................................................   42

ARTICLE 6 THE TRUSTEE................................................................................................   43

         Section 6.1        Certain Duties and Responsibilities......................................................   43
         Section 6.2        Notice of Defaults.......................................................................   43
         Section 6.3        Certain Rights of Trustee................................................................   44
         Section 6.4        Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities...................................   45
         Section 6.5        May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other Indentures............................   45
         Section 6.6        Money Held in Trust......................................................................   45
         Section 6.7        Compensation and Reimbursement...........................................................   45
         Section 6.8        Conflicting Interests....................................................................   46
         Section 6.9        Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility..................................................   46
         Section 6.10       Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor........................................   46
         Section 6.11       Acceptance of Appointment by Successor...................................................   48
         Section 6.12       Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business..............................   49
         Section 6.13       Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company........................................   49
         Section 6.14       Appointment of Authenticating Agent......................................................   49

ARTICLE 7 HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY..........................................................   51

         Section 7.1        Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders................................   51
         Section 7.2        Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders...................................   51
         Section 7.3        Reports by Trustee.......................................................................   52
</TABLE>

                                       ii

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                       PAGE
                                                                                                                       ----
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
         Section 7.4        Reports by Company.......................................................................   52

ARTICLE 8 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE.......................................................   52

         Section 8.1        Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms.....................................   52
         Section 8.2        Successor Substituted....................................................................   53

ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES....................................................................................   53

         Section 9.1        Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.......................................   53
         Section 9.2        Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders..........................................   55
         Section 9.3        Execution of Supplemental Indentures.....................................................   56
         Section 9.4        Effect of Supplemental Indentures........................................................   56
         Section 9.5        Conformity with Trust Indenture Act......................................................   56
         Section 9.6        Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.......................................   56
         Section 9.7        Subordination Unimpaired.................................................................   57

ARTICLE 10 COVENANTS.................................................................................................   57

         Section 10.1       Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest...............................................   57
         Section 10.2       Maintenance of Office or Agency..........................................................   57
         Section 10.3       Money for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust........................................   58
         Section 10.4       Statement by Officers as to Default......................................................   59
         Section 10.5       Existence................................................................................   59
         Section 10.6       Maintenance of Properties................................................................   59
         Section 10.7       Payment of Taxes and Other Claims........................................................   59
         Section 10.8       Waiver of Certain Covenants..............................................................   60

ARTICLE 11 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES..................................................................................   60

         Section 11.1       Applicability of Article.................................................................   60
         Section 11.2       Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee....................................................   60
         Section 11.3       Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed........................................   60
         Section 11.4       Notice of Redemption.....................................................................   61
         Section 11.5       Deposit of Redemption Price..............................................................   62
         Section 11.6       Securities Payable on Redemption Date....................................................   62
         Section 11.7       Securities Redeemed in Part..............................................................   63

ARTICLE 12 SINKING FUNDS.............................................................................................   63

         Section 12.1       Applicability of Article.................................................................   63
         Section 12.2       Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities....................................   63
         Section 12.3       Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund................................................   64

ARTICLE 13 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE........................................................................   64

         Section 13.1       Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.............................   64
</TABLE>

                                      iii

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                       PAGE
                                                                                                                       ----
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
         Section 13.2       Defeasance and Discharge.................................................................   64
         Section 13.3       Covenant Defeasance......................................................................   65
         Section 13.4       Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance..........................................   66
         Section 13.5       Deposited Money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations
                            to be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions............................................   68
         Section 13.6       Reinstatement............................................................................   69

ARTICLE 14 CONVERSION OF SECURITIES..................................................................................   69

         Section 14.1       Applicability of Article.................................................................   69
         Section 14.2       Exercise of Conversion Privilege.........................................................   69
         Section 14.3       No Fractional Shares.....................................................................   71
         Section 14.4       Adjustment of Conversion Price...........................................................   71
         Section 14.5       Notice of Certain Corporate Actions......................................................   72
         Section 14.6       Reservation of Shares of Common Stock....................................................   72
         Section 14.7       Payment of Certain Taxes upon Conversion.................................................   73
         Section 14.8       Nonassessability.........................................................................   73
         Section 14.9       Provision in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale of Assets.............................   73
         Section 14.10      Duties of Trustee Regarding Conversion...................................................   74
         Section 14.11      Repayment of Certain Funds upon Conversion...............................................   74

ARTICLE 15 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES...............................................................................   75

         Section 15.1       Agreement of Subordination...............................................................   75
         Section 15.2       Payments to Holders......................................................................   75
         Section 15.3       Subrogation of Securities................................................................   78
         Section 15.4       Authorization to Effect Subordination....................................................   79
         Section 15.5       Notice to Trustee........................................................................   79
         Section 15.6       Trustee's Relation to Senior Debt........................................................   80
         Section 15.7       No Impairment of Subordination...........................................................   80
         Section 15.8       Certain Conversions/Exchanges Deemed Payment.............................................   80
         Section 15.9       Article Applicable to Paying Agents......................................................   81
         Section 15.10      Senior Debt Entitled to Rely.............................................................   81
         Section 15.11      Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent...........................   81
         Section 15.12      Trust Monies Not Subordinated............................................................   82
</TABLE>

                                       iv

<PAGE>

         Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 3.10 through
3.18, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939:

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                      <C>
Section 310       (a)(1).......................................................................                     6.9
                  (a)(2).......................................................................                     6.9
                  (a)(3).......................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (a)(4).......................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (b)..........................................................................               6.8, 6.10
Section 311       (a)..........................................................................                    6.13
                  (b)..........................................................................                    6.13
Section 312       (a)..........................................................................                7.1, 7.2
                  (b)..........................................................................                     7.2
                  (c)..........................................................................                     7.2
Section 313       (a)..........................................................................                     7.3
                  (b)..........................................................................                     7.3
                  (c)..........................................................................                     7.3
                  (d)..........................................................................                     7.3
Section 314       (a)..........................................................................                     7.4
                  (a)(4).......................................................................               1.1, 10.4
                  (b)..........................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (c)(1).......................................................................                     1.2
                  (c)(2).......................................................................                     1.2
                  (c)(3).......................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (d)..........................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (e)..........................................................................                     1.2
Section 315       (a)..........................................................................                     6.1
                  (b)..........................................................................                     6.2
                  (c)..........................................................................                     6.1
                  (d)..........................................................................                     6.1
                  (e)..........................................................................                    5.14
Section 316       (a)..........................................................................                     1.1
                  (a)(1)(A)....................................................................               5.2, 5.12
                  (a)(1)(B)....................................................................                    5.13
                  (a)(2).......................................................................          Not Applicable
                  (b)..........................................................................                     5.8
                  (c)..........................................................................                     1.4
Section 317       (a)(1).......................................................................                     5.3
                  (a)(2).......................................................................                     5.4
                  (b)..........................................................................                    10.3
Section 318       (a)..........................................................................                     1.7
</TABLE>

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
      part of the Indenture.

<PAGE>

         INDENTURE, dated as of __________, 200_, between Juniper Networks,
Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of
Delaware (herein called the "Company"), having its principal executive office at
1194 North Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, California, and Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called
the "Securities"), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this
Indenture.

         All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                   NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series
thereof appertaining, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE 1

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 1.1 DEFINITIONS.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2)      all other terms used herein which are defined in the
         Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the
         meanings assigned to them therein;

                  (3)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein
         have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally
         accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and,
         except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term "generally
         accepted accounting principles" with respect to any computation
         required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles
         in the United States of America as are generally accepted at the date
         of such computation;

                  (4)      all references to "$" refer to the lawful currency of
         the United States of America;

<PAGE>

                  (5)      unless the context otherwise requires, any reference
         to an "Article" or a "Section" refers to an Article or a Section, as
         the case may be, of this Indenture; and

                  (6)      the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

         "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified
in Section 1.4.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.

         "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company
or any duly authorized committee of that board empowered to act for it with
respect to this Indenture.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means
each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which
banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law
or executive order to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to
time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the
execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the
duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

         "Common Stock" includes any stock of any class of the Company which has
no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company
and which is not subject to redemption by the Company; provided, however,
subject to the provisions of Section 14.9, shares issuable upon conversion of
Securities shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock of
the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes
resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have
no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company
and which are not subject to redemption by the Company; provided, further, that
if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of
each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which
the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such
reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes
resulting from all such reclassifications.

                                                                             -2-
<PAGE>

         "Company" means the corporation named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

         "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice
Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or a Vice
President, and by its principal financial officer, its Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the
Trustee.

         "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the
power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or
indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings
correlative to the foregoing.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the corporate trust office of the
Trustee at MAC N9303-110 Sixth and Marquette Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55479, Attention: Corporate Trust Department, or such other office, designated
by the Trustee by written notice to the Company, at which at any particular time
its corporate trust business shall be administered.

         "corporation" means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock
company or business trust.

         "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 13.3.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

         "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 13.2.

         "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable
in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary
for such Securities as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Designated Senior Debt" means (a) the Company's Zero Coupon Senior
Convertible Notes due June 15, 2008; and (b) the Company's obligations under any
particular Senior Debt in which the instrument creating or evidencing the same
or the assumption or guarantee thereof (or related agreements or documents to
which the Company is a party) expressly provides that such Senior Debt shall be
"Designated Senior Debt" for purposes of this Indenture (provided that such
instrument, agreement or other document may place limitations and conditions on
the right of such Senior Debt to exercise the rights of Designated Senior Debt).
If any payment made to any holder of any Designated Senior Debt or its
Representative with respect to such Designated Senior Debt is rescinded or must
otherwise be returned by such holder or Representative upon the insolvency,
bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or otherwise, the reinstated
Indebtedness of the Company arising as a result of such rescission or return
shall constitute Designated Senior Debt effective as of the date of such
rescission or return.

                                                                             -3-
<PAGE>

         "euro" or "euros" means the currency adopted by those nations
participating in the third stage of the economic and monetary union provisions
of the Treaty on European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 7, 1992.

         "European Economic Area" means the member nations of the European
Economic Area pursuant to the Oporto Agreement on the European Economic Area
dated May 2, 1992, as amended.

         "European Union" means the member nations of the European Union
established by the Treaty of European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 2,
1992, which amended the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Community.

         "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 1.4.

         "Foreign Government Obligation" means with respect to Securities of any
series which are not denominated in the currency of the United States of America
(x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of the government which issued
or caused to be issued the currency in which such security is denominated and
for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged, or,
with respect to Securities of any series which are denominated in euros, a
direct obligation of any member nation of the European Union for the payment of
which obligation the full faith and credit of the respective nation is pledged
so long as such nation has a credit rating at least equal to that of the highest
rated member nation of the European Economic Area, or (ii) an obligation of a
Person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of
a government specified in clause (i) above the timely payment of which is
unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the such
government, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at
the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a
bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with
respect to any Foreign Government Obligation which is specified in clause (x)
above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary
receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on
any Foreign Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that
(except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any
deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from
any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Foreign Government
Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by such
depositary receipt.

         "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of the
Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 2.4 (or such
legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities).

         "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

                                                                             -4-
<PAGE>

         "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, and without
duplication, (a) all indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities (contingent
or otherwise) of such Person for borrowed money (including obligations of such
Person in respect of overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange
agreements, interest rate protection agreements, and any loans or advances from
banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments) or evidenced by
bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments (whether or not the recourse of
the lender is to the whole of the assets of such person or to only a portion
thereof), other than any account payable or other accrued current liability or
obligation incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the
obtaining of materials or services; (b) all reimbursement obligations and other
liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person with respect to letters of
credit, bank guarantees or bankers' acceptances or similar facilities; (c) all
obligations and liabilities (contingent or otherwise) in respect of leases of
such Person required, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles, to be accounted for as capitalized lease obligations on the balance
sheet of such Person and all obligations and other liabilities (contingent or
otherwise) under any lease or related document (including a purchase agreement)
in connection with the lease of real property which provides that such Person is
contractually obligated to purchase or cause a third party to purchase the
leased property and thereby guarantee a minimum residual value of the leased
property to the lessor and the obligations of such Person under such lease or
related document to purchase or to cause a third party to purchase such leased
property; (d) all obligations of such Person (contingent or otherwise) with
respect to interest rate and currency swaps, caps, floors, collars, hedge
agreements, forward contracts or similar agreements or arrangements or foreign
currency hedge, exchange, purchase or similar agreements or arrangements; (e)
all direct or indirect guaranties or similar agreements by such Person in
respect of, and obligations or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such
Person to purchase or otherwise acquire or otherwise assure a creditor against
loss in respect of, indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of another person
of the kind described in clauses (a) through (d) above; (f) any indebtedness or
other obligations described in clauses (a) through (e) above secured by any
mortgage, pledge, lien or other encumbrance existing on property which is owned
or held by such Person, regardless of whether the indebtedness or other
obligation secured thereby shall have been assumed by such Person; and (g) any
and all renewals, extensions, modifications, replacements, restatements and
refundings of, or, any indebtedness or obligation issued in exchange for, any
such indebtedness or obligation of the kind described in clauses (a) through (f)
above.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term "Indenture" shall also include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.1; provided,
however, that if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under
this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more separate Trustees for any
one or more separate series of Securities, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect
to such series of Securities for

                                                                             -5-
<PAGE>

which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such
Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.1, exclusive,
however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of
Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms
or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by
means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after
such Person had become such Trustee, but to which such person, as such Trustee,
was not a party; provided, further that in the event that this Indenture is
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto which are
only applicable to certain series of Securities, the term "Indenture" for a
particular series of Securities shall only include the supplemental indentures
applicable thereto.

         "interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security, which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.

         "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and
any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, repurchase at the option of the Holder, upon
redemption or otherwise.

         "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 5.1(4).

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of
the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President or a Vice President, and by the principal financial officer, the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an
Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section 10.4 shall be the principal
executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for, or an employee of, the Company, and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2.

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except

                  (1)      Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                                                                             -6-
<PAGE>

                  (2)      Securities for whose payment or redemption money in
         the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or
         any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and
         segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own
         Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if
         such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been
         duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor
         satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

                  (3)      Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected
         pursuant to Section 13.2; and

                  (4)      Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section
         3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue
Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of
the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon
acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 5.2, (B)
if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a
Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as
contemplated by Section 3.1, (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated
in one or more non-U.S. dollar currencies or currency units which shall be
deemed to be Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of
such date in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, of the
principal amount of such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in
clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as provided in such clause),
and (D) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities
or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded
and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, only
Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded.
Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the
pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee
is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of
the Company or of such other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

         "Payment Blockage Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 15.2.

                                                                             -7-
<PAGE>

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, limited liability company,
partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or government or
any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

         "Record Date" means any Regular Record Date or Special Record Date.

         "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Representative" means the (a) indenture trustee or other trustee,
agent or representative for any Senior Debt or (b) with respect to any Senior
Debt that does not have any such trustee, agent or other representative, (i) in
the case of such Senior Debt issued pursuant to an agreement providing for
voting arrangements as among the holders or owners of such Senior Debt, any
holder or owner of such Senior Debt acting with the consent of the required
persons necessary to bind such holders or owners of such Senior Debt and (ii) in
the case of all other such Senior Debt, the holder or owner of such Senior Debt.

         "Responsible Officer" means, when used with respect to the Trustee, an
officer of the Trustee in the Corporate Trust Office assigned and duly
authorized by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.

         "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

         "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.5.

                                                                             -8-
<PAGE>

         "Senior Debt" means the principal of, premium, if any, and interest
(including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any
bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition
interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) on, and all fees and
other amounts payable in connection with, Indebtedness of the Company, whether
outstanding on the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred,
assumed, guaranteed or in effect guaranteed by the Company (including all
deferrals, renewals, extensions or refundings of, or amendments, modifications
or supplements to, the foregoing), unless in the case of any particular
Indebtedness the instrument creating or evidencing the same or the assumption or
guarantee thereof expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior
in right of payment to the Securities or expressly provides that such
Indebtedness is "pari passu" or " junior" to the Securities. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the term Senior Debt shall not include: (a) the Company's 4.75%
Convertible Subordinated Notes due March 15, 2007; and (b) any Indebtedness of
the Company to any Subsidiary of the Company. If any payment made to any holder
of any Senior Debt or its Representative with respect to such Senior Debt is
rescinded or must otherwise be returned by such holder or Representative upon
the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or otherwise, the
reinstated Indebtedness of the Company arising as a result of such rescission or
return shall constitute Senior Debt effective as of the date of such rescission
or return.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

         "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means a Person of which more than 50% of the outstanding
voting stock having the power to elect a majority of the board of directors of
such Person (in the case of a corporation) is, or of which more than 50% of the
equity interests (in the case of a Person which is not a corporation) are, at
the time owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other
Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For the
purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means stock or other similar
interests to the Company which ordinarily has or have voting power for the
election of directors, or persons performing similar functions, whether at all
times or only so long as no senior class of stock or other interests has or have
such voting power by reason of any contingency.

          "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in
force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however,
that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date,
"Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

                                                                             -9-
<PAGE>

         "U.S. Government Obligation" means (x) any security which is (i) a
direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of which the
full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (ii) an
obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or
instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is
unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt
issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as
custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in
clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such
depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or
interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S.
Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced
by such depositary receipt.

         "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or
words added before or after the title "vice president."

SECTION 1.2 COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

         Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take
any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officers' Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include,

                  (1)      a statement that each individual signing such
         certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the
         definitions herein relating thereto;

                  (2)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (3)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such
         individual, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is
         necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to
         whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

                  (4)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
         such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

                                                                            -10-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1.3 FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

         In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is
based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 1.4 ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or
taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. The
Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Company copies of all such instrument or
instruments delivered to the Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the
action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to
as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of
execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall
be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner
provided in this Section.

         The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument
or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him or her the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his or her individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his or her authority. The fact and date of the

                                                                            -11-
<PAGE>

execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person
executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee
deems sufficient.

         The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

         The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to
give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, vote, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be
effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date
by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such
series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section 1.6.

         The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join
in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 5.2, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 5.7(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 5.12, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set

                                                                            -12-
<PAGE>

shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no
effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective
any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. Promptly
after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the
Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action
by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company in
writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner
set forth in Section 1.6.

         With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the "Expiration
Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or
later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 1.6, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date
is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section,
the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially
designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with
respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided
in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be
later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

         Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 1.5 NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY. Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other
document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or
furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing (or by facsimile transmissions, provided that oral
         confirmation of receipt shall have been received) to or with the
         Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: Corporate Trust
         Department, or

                  (2)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, personally delivered or sent via overnight courier to the
         Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office
         specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other
         address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company,
         Attention: Chief Financial Officer.

SECTION 1.6 NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or
overnight courier, to each Holder affected by such event, at

                                                                            -13-
<PAGE>

its address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest
date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for
the giving of such notice. Neither the failure to mail or deliver by hand or
overnight courier any notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed or
delivered by hand or overnight courier, to any particular Holder shall affect
the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this
Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in
writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after
the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of
notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be
a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such
waiver.

         In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

SECTION 1.7 CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

         If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision
of the Trust Indenture Act that is required under the Trust Indenture Act to be
a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any
provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act, which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall
be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the
case may be.

SECTION 1.8 EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 1.9 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

         All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 1.10 SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

         In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 1.11 BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

         Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders, any benefit or any legal
or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

                                                                            -14-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1.12 GOVERNING LAW.

         THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED
UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (INCLUDING SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF
THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK).

SECTION 1.13 LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

         In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the right to
convert a Security at a particular conversion price shall not be a Business Day
at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this
Indenture or of the Securities (other than a provision of any Security which
specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section))
payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) or, if applicable to a
particular series of Securities, conversion need not be made at such Place of
Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at
such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest
Payment Date or Redemption Date, at the Stated Maturity or on such last day for
conversion, as the case may be.

SECTION 1.14 INDENTURE AND SECURITIES SOLELY CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS.

         No recourse for the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect
thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any
Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, officer, or
director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of
any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any
successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of
law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being
expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issue of the Securities.

SECTION 1.15 INDENTURE MAY BE EXECUTED IN COUNTERPARTS.

         This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but
one and the same instrument.

                                                                            -15-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 2

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 2.1 FORMS GENERALLY.

         The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set
forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto,
in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and
other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any
securities exchange or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be
determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company
Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities. Any such Board Resolution or record of such action shall have
attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security referred to
therein approved by or pursuant to such Board Resolution.

         The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

SECTION 2.2 FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY.

         [INSERT ANY LEGEND REQUIRED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE
REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.]

                             JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.

         ________________________________________________________________

NO. _____                                                           $___________

                                                              CUSIP: ___________

         Juniper Networks, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of Delaware (herein called the "Company," which term includes any
successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to _______________________________, or
registered assigns, the principal sum of
________________________________________ dollars on ____________ [IF THE
SECURITY IS TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY, INSERT -- , and to pay interest
thereon from _________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which
interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-

                                                                            -16-
<PAGE>

annually on ___________ and __________ in each year, commencing _______________,
at the rate of ____% per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made
available for payment [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- , provided that any principal
and premium, and any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear
interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment, and such interest shall be
payable on demand]. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly
provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture,
be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest, which shall be the ___________ or ___________ (whether or not
a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date.
Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith
cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be
paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice
whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10
days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other
lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as
may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture].

         [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY, INSERT --
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand. [Any such interest on overdue
principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate
of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest on interest
shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until the amount so
demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue interest
shall be payable on demand.]]

         Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT -- any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in _____________________, in
such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment
is legal tender for payment of public and private debts [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT
-- ; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest
may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as
such address shall appear in the Security Register].

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

                                                                            -17-
<PAGE>

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.

Dated: __________________                       JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.

                                                By: ____________________________

                                                Title: _________________________

ATTEST:

________________________________

SECTION 2.3 FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY.

         This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the
Company (herein called the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more
series under an Indenture, dated as of ____________, 200_ (herein called the
"Indenture," which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such
instrument), between the Company and ________________________________, as
Trustee (herein called the "Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee
under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all
indentures supplemental thereto for a statement of the respective rights,
limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the
Trustee, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of the Securities and of the
terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered.
This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT -- , limited in aggregate principal amount to $_________].

         [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- 30] days' notice by
mail, [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- (1) on _____________ in any year commencing with
the year _____ and ending with the year _____ through operation of the sinking
fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal
amount, and (2)] at any time [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- on or after
_____________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at
the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount): If redeemed [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- on or before ______________,
___%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning ________ of the
years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR                    REDEMPTION PRICE                   YEAR                  REDEMPTION PRICE
----                    ----------------                   ----                  ----------------
<S>                     <C>                                <C>                   <C>
</TABLE>

                                                                            -18-
<PAGE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

         [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [if applicable, insert -- 30] days' notice by
mail, (1) on _________ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending
with the year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2) at any time [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- on or after __________], as a
whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for
redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed
during the 12-month period beginning ________ of the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                              REDEMPTION PRICE FOR                    REDEMPTION PRICE FOR REDEMPTION
                               REDEMPTION THROUGH                        OTHERWISE THAN THROUGH
YEAR                      OPERATION OF THE SINKING FUND                OPERATION OF THE SINKING FUND
----                      -----------------------------               -------------------------------
<S>                       <C>                                         <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ___% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

         [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
may not, prior to __________, redeem any Securities of this series as
contemplated by [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- clause (2) of] the preceding paragraph
as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application,
directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the
Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of
less than ___% per annum.]

         [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The sinking fund for this series provides for
the redemption on ___________, in each year beginning with the year _____ and
ending with the year _____ of [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- not less than
$__________ ("mandatory sinking fund") and not more than] $___________ aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series
acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT -- mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent
[IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to
be made IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- , in the inverse order in which they become
due].]

                                                                            -19-
<PAGE>

         [IF THE SECURITY IS SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION OF ANY KIND, INSERT -- In the
event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities
of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

         [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Indenture contains provisions for
defeasance at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or]
[certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this
Security] [, in each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in
the Indenture.]

         [IF THE SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE INTO COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY,
INSERT -- Subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of this
Security is entitled, at its option, at any time on or before [INSERT DATE]
(except that, in case this Security or any portion hereof shall be called for
redemption, such right shall terminate with respect to this Security or portion
hereof, as the case may be, so called for redemption at the close of business on
the first Business Day next preceding the date fixed for redemption as provided
in the Indenture unless the Company defaults in making the payment due upon
redemption), to convert the principal amount of this Security (or any portion
hereof which is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof), into fully paid and
non-assessable shares (calculated as to each conversion to the nearest 1/100th
of a share) of the Common Stock of the Company, as said shares shall be
constituted at the date of conversion, at the conversion price of $_____________
principal amount of Securities for each share of Common Stock, or at the
adjusted conversion price in effect at the date of conversion determined as
provided in the Indenture, upon surrender of this Security, together with the
conversion notice hereon duly executed, to the Company at the designated office
or agency of the Company in ____________, accompanied (if so required by the
Company) by instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company and to
the Trustee, duly executed by the Holder or by its duly authorized attorney in
writing.

         Such surrender shall, if made during any period beginning at the close
of business on a Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of business on
the Interest Payment Date next following such Regular Record Date (unless this
Security or the portion being converted shall have been called for redemption on
a Redemption Date during the period beginning at the close of business on a
Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of business on the first Business
Day after the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or if such Interest Payment
Date is not a Business Day, the second such Business Day), also be accompanied
by payment in funds acceptable to the Company of an amount equal to the interest
payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal amount of this Security
then being converted. Subject to the aforesaid requirement for payment and, in
the case of a conversion after the Regular Record Date next preceding any
Interest Payment Date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, to the right
of the Holder of this Security (or any Predecessor Security) of record at such
Regular Record Date to receive an installment of interest (with certain
exceptions provided in the Indenture), no adjustment is to be made on conversion
for interest accrued hereon or for dividends on shares of Common Stock issued on
conversion. The Company is not required to issue fractional shares upon any such
conversion, but shall make adjustment therefor in cash on the basis of the
current market value of such fractional interest as provided in the Indenture.
The conversion price is subject to adjustment as provided in the

                                                                            -20-
<PAGE>

Indenture. In addition, the Indenture provides that in case of certain
consolidations or mergers to which the Company is a party or the sale of
substantially all of the assets of the Company, the Indenture shall be amended,
without the consent of any Holders of Securities, so that this Security, if then
outstanding, will be convertible thereafter, during the period this Security
shall be convertible as specified above, only into the kind and amount of
securities, cash and other property receivable upon the consolidation, merger or
sale by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock into which this
Security might have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation,
merger or sale (assuming such holder of Common Stock failed to exercise any
rights of election and received per share the kind and amount received per share
by a plurality of non-electing shares). In the event of conversion of this
Security in part only, a new Security or Securities for the unconverted portion
hereof shall be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation
hereof.]

         [IF THE SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE INTO OTHER SECURITIES OF THE COMPANY,
SPECIFY THE CONVERSION FEATURES.]

         The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent and in
the manner provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject in right of
payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt of the Company, and this
Security is issued subject to such provisions of the Indenture with respect
thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, (a) agrees to and
shall be bound by such provisions, (b) authorizes and directs the Trustee on his
behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the
subordination so provided and (c) appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for
any and all such purposes.

         [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY, INSERT --
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared
due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

         [IF THE SECURITY IS AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY, INSERT -- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to -- INSERT FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE
AMOUNT. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each
case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and

                                                                            -21-
<PAGE>

their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security
shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of
this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer
hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such
consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

         As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the
Holder of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding
with respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or
for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given
the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made
written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event
of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the
Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction
inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such
proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of
this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any
premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed
herein.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and
interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or
currency, herein prescribed.

         As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any
premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or its
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of
this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same
aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees.

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $_____ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this

                                                                            -22-
<PAGE>

Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this
Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

SECTION 2.4 FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

         THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A
SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.

SECTION 2.5 FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

         The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                     WELLS FARGO BANK,
                                                     NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
                                                     as Trustee

                                                     By: _______________________
                                                         Authorized Officer

SECTION 2.6 FORM OF CONVERSION NOTICE.

Conversion notices shall be in substantially the following form:

To Juniper Networks, Inc.:

         The undersigned owner of this Security hereby irrevocably exercises the
option to convert this Security, or portion hereof (which is $1,000 or an
integral multiple thereof) below designated, into shares of Common Stock of the
Company in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this
Security, and directs that the shares issuable and deliverable upon the
conversion, together

                                                                            -23-
<PAGE>

with any check in payment for fractional shares and any Securities representing
any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and delivered to the
registered holder hereof unless a different name has been indicated below. If
this Notice is being delivered on a date after the close of business on a
Regular Record Date and prior to the opening of business on the related Interest
Payment Date (unless this Security or the portion thereof being converted has
been called for redemption on a Redemption Date during the period beginning at
the close of business on a Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of
business on the first Business Day after the next succeeding Interest Payment
Date, or if such Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day, the second such
Business Day), this Notice is accompanied by payment, in funds acceptable to the
Company, of an amount equal to the interest payable on such Interest Payment
Date of the principal of this Security to be converted. If shares are to be
issued in the name of a person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will
pay all transfer taxes payable with respect hereto. Any amount required to be
paid by the undersigned on account of interest accompanies this Security.

         Principal Amount to be Converted
(in an integral multiple of $1,000, if less than all):
         U.S. $_____________.

Dated: _____________________

                                              Signature(s) must be guaranteed by
                                              an eligible guarantor institution
                                              (banks, stockbrokers, savings and
                                              loan associations and credit
                                              unions with membership in an
                                              approved signature guarantee
                                              medallion program) pursuant to
                                              Securities and Exchange Commission
                                              Rule 17Ad-15.

                                              __________________________________
                                              Signature Guaranty

         Fill in for registration of shares of Common Stock and Security if to
be issued otherwise than to the registered Holder.

___________________________________           __________________________________
(Name)                                        Social Security or Other Taxpayer
                                              Identification Number

___________________________________
Please print Name and Address
(including zip code)

[The above conversion notice is to be modified, as appropriate, for conversion
into other securities or property of the Company.]

                                                                            -24-
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 3

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 3.1 AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board
Resolution and, subject to Section 3.3, set forth, or determined in the manner
provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,

                  (1)      the title of the Securities of the series (which
         shall distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any
         other series);

                  (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7
         and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.3, are
         deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

                  (3)      the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the
         series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that
         Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
         close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest;

                  (4)      the date or dates on which the principal of any
         Securities of the series is payable;

                  (5) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at
         which any Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the
         date or dates from which any such interest shall accrue, the Interest
         Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable and the
         Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on any Interest
         Payment Date (or the method for determining the dates and rates);

                  (6)      the place or places where the principal of and any
         premium and interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable;

                  (7)      the period or periods within which, the price or
         prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities
         of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of
         the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in
         which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall be
         evidenced;

                  (8)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
         purchase any Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provisions or at the option of the Holder

                                                                            -25-

<PAGE>

         thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
         which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the
         series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to
         such obligation;

                  (9)      if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
         integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of
         the series shall be issuable;

                  (10)     if the amount of principal of or any premium or
         interest on any Securities of the series may be determined with
         reference to an index or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which
         such amounts shall be determined;

                  (11)     if other than the currency of the United States of
         America, the currency, currencies or currency units in which the
         principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series
         shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof
         in the currency of the United States of America for any purpose,
         including for purposes of the definition of "Outstanding" in Section
         1.1;

                  (12)     if the principal of or any premium or interest on any
         Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the
         Company or the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency
         units other than that or those in which such Securities are stated to
         be payable, the currency, currencies or currency units in which the
         principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to which
         such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and
         the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the
         amount so payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be
         determined);

                  (13)     if other than the entire principal amount thereof,
         the portion of the principal amount of any Securities of the series
         which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity
         thereof pursuant to Section 5.2;

                  (14)     if the principal amount payable at the Stated
         Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of
         any one or more dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which
         shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any
         such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the
         principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any
         Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be
         Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any
         such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal
         amount shall be determined);

                  (15)     if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in
         whole or any specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section
         13.2 or Section 13.3 or both such Sections, or any other defeasance
         provisions applicable to any Securities of the series, and, if other
         than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the
         Company to defease such Securities shall be evidenced;

                  (16)     if applicable, the terms of any right to convert or
         exchange Securities of the series into shares of Common Stock of the
         Company or other securities or property;

                                                                            -26-

<PAGE>

                  (17)     if applicable, that any Securities of the series
         shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
         Securities and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such
         Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall be
         borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in lieu of that set
         forth in Section 2.4 and any circumstances in addition to or in lieu of
         those set forth in clause (2) of the last paragraph of Section 3.5 in
         which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for
         Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in
         whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons
         other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee
         thereof;

                  (18)     any addition to or change in the Events of Default
         which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the
         right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to
         declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to
         Section 5.2;

                  (19)     any addition to or change in the covenants set forth
         in Article 10 which applies to Securities of the series;

                  (20)     any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, Security
         Registrars or such other agents necessary in connection with the
         issuance of the Securities of such series, including, without
         limitation, exchange rate agents and calculation agents;

                  (21)     if applicable, the terms of any security that will be
         provided for a series of Securities, including provisions regarding the
         circumstances under which collateral may be released or substituted;

                  (22)     if applicable, the terms of any guaranties for the
         Securities and any circumstances under which there may be additional
         obligors on the Securities;

                  (23)     any addition to or change in or modification to the
         subordinated provisions of this Indenture relating to the Securities of
         that series (including the provisions of Article 15), or different
         subordination provisions, including a different definition of "Senior
         Debt" or "Designated Senior Debt," will apply to Securities of the
         series; and

                  (24)     any other terms of the series (which terms shall not
         be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as
         permitted by Section 9.1(5)).

         All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 3.3) set
forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers' Certificate
referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

         If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an

                                                                            -27-

<PAGE>

Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to
the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

         The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior Debt
as provided in Article 15.

SECTION 3.2 DENOMINATIONS.

         The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1. In the absence of any such specified denomination
with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series
shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

SECTION 3.3 EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.

         The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its
Chairman of the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive
Officer, its principal financial officer, its President or one of its Vice
Presidents, attested by its Treasurer, its Secretary or one of its Assistant
Treasurers or Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on
the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, a copy of such Board Resolution, the Officers' Certificate setting
forth the terms of the series and an Opinion of Counsel, with such Opinion of
Counsel stating,

                  (1)      if the form of such Securities has been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 2.1, that
         such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture;

                  (2)      if the terms of such Securities have been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 3.1, that
         such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture; and

                                                                            -28-

<PAGE>

                  (3)      that such Securities, when authenticated and
         delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and
         subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will
         constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company
         enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy,
         insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar
         laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors'
         rights and to general equity principles.

         If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not
be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel
otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to the
authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered
at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security
of such series to be issued.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such
Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.9, for all
purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

         Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for
any defect in the CUSIP number that appears on any Security, check, advice of
payment or redemption notice, and any such document may contain a statement to
the effect that CUSIP numbers have been assigned by an independent service for
convenience of reference and that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be
liable for any inaccuracy in such numbers.

SECTION 3.4 TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

         Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and
other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as
evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

                                                                            -29-

<PAGE>

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the
temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive
Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that
series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one
or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more
definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like tenor and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

SECTION 3.5 REGISTRATION; REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

         The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the
registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby
appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfers of Securities as herein provided.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series
at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in
the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and
aggregate principal amount.

         At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to
be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the Holder making the exchange is
entitled to receive.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 9.6 or 11.7 not involving any transfer.

                                                                            -30-

<PAGE>

         If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor)
are to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that
series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of any such Securities selected for redemption under Section 11.3 and
ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register
the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or
in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

         The provisions of clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only
to Global Securities:

                  (1)      Each Global Security authenticated under this
         Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated
         for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such
         Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such
         Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of
         this Indenture.

                  (2)      Notwithstanding any other provision in this
         Indenture, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for
         Securities registered, and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or
         in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other than the
         Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A)
         such Depositary (i) has notified the Company that it is unwilling or
         unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has
         ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, (B)
         there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with
         respect to such Global Security or (C) there shall exist such
         circumstances, if any, in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as
         have been specified for this purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

                  (3)      Subject to clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global
         Security for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all
         Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion
         thereof shall be registered in such names as the Depositary for such
         Global Security shall direct.

                  (4)      Every Security authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global
         Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section,
         Section 3.4, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and
         delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such
         Security is registered in the name of a Person other than the
         Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof.

SECTION 3.6 MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

         If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice

                                                                            -31-

<PAGE>

to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona
fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

         Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in
lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 3.7 PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

         Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with
respect to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall
be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.

         Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1)      The Company may elect to make payment of any
         Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
         Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the
         date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
         deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate
         amount

                                                                            -32-

<PAGE>

         proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
         arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the
         date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in
         trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted
         Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a
         Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
         shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
         date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
         receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
         Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date
         and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
         of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
         Record Date therefor to be given to each Holder of Securities of such
         series in the manner set forth in Section 1.6, not less than 10 days
         prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of
         such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having
         been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in
         whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
         Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such
         Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the
         following clause (2).

                  (2)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment
         shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued
and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 14.2, in the case of any Security
(or any part thereof) which is converted after any Regular Record Date and on or
prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date (other than any Security the
principal of (or premium, if any, on) which shall become due and payable,
whether at Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration or otherwise prior
to such Interest Payment Date), interest whose Stated Maturity is on such
Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date
notwithstanding such conversion and such interest (whether or not punctually
paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that
Security (or any one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close
of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided
in the immediately preceding sentence or in Section 14.2, in the case of any
Security (or any part thereof) which is converted, interest whose Stated
Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Security (or such part thereof)
shall not be payable.

                                                                            -33-

<PAGE>

SECTION 3.8 PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

         Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such
Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium
and (subject to Section 3.7) any interest on such Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the
Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 3.9 CANCELLATION.

         All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the
Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may
deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary procedures.

SECTION 3.10 COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

         Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

                                    ARTICLE 4

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 4.1 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

         This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when

                  (1)      either

                           (A)      all Securities theretofore authenticated and
                  delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been
                  destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid
                  as provided in Section 3.6 and (ii) Securities for whose
                  payment money has

                                                                            -34-

<PAGE>

                  theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
                  trust by the Trustee or the Company and thereafter repaid to
                  the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in
                  Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for
                  cancellation; or

                           (B)      all such Securities not theretofore
                  delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

                                    (i)      have become due and payable, or

                                    (ii)     will become due and payable at
                           their Stated Maturity within one year, or

                                    (iii)    are to be called for redemption
                           within one year under arrangements satisfactory to
                           the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by
                           the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the
                           Company,

                  and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
                  deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
                  funds in trust for the purpose money in an amount sufficient
                  to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such
                  Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
                  cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to
                  the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have
                  become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or
                  Redemption Date, as the case may be;

                  (2)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other
         sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

                  (3)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations of
the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of
this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last
paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive.

SECTION 4.2 APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

                                                                            -35-

<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 5

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 5.1 EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

         "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article
15 or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant
to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation
of any administrative or governmental body), unless in the Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate establishing such series, it is
provided that such series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:

                  (1)      default in the payment of any interest upon any
         Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and
         continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2)      default in the payment of the principal of or any
         premium on any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

                  (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when
         and as due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

                  (4)      default in the performance, or breach, of any
         covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a
         covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is
         elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has
         expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of
         series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such
         default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given,
         by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to
         the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice
         specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and
         stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5)      the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the
         premises of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company
         in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or
         State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or
         (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or
         approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization,
         arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company
         under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar
         official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
         ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the
         continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other
         decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive
         days; or

                                                                            -36-

<PAGE>

                  (6)      the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case
         or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy,
         insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or
         proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by
         it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the
         Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
         Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
         similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case
         or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer
         or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable
         Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such
         petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar
         official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
         the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the
         admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally
         as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in
         furtherance of any such action; or

                  (7)      any other Event of Default provided with respect to
         Securities of that series in the Board Resolution, supplemental
         indenture or Officers' Certificate establishing that series.

SECTION 5.2 ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

         Unless the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers'
Certificate establishing such series provides otherwise, if an Event of Default
(other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or 5.1(6)) with
respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is
continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than
25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare
the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities
of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof),
and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon,
to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to
the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such
principal amount (or specified amount), and premium, if any, together with
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, shall become immediately due and
payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or 5.1(6) with
respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the
principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of
that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof),
and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon,
shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. Any payments by
the Company on the Securities following any such acceleration will be subject to
the subordination provisions of Article 15 to the extent provided therein.

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of

                                                                            -37-

<PAGE>

the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and
the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

                  (1)      the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a
         sum sufficient to pay

                           (A)      all overdue interest on all Securities of
                  that series,

                           (B)      the principal of (and premium, if any, on)
                  any Securities of that series which have become due otherwise
                  than by such declaration of acceleration and any interest
                  thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
                  Securities,

                           (C)      to the extent that payment of such interest
                  is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates
                  prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

                           (D)      all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
                  hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses,
                  disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
                  counsel; and

                  (2)      all Events of Default with respect to Securities of
         that series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities
         of that series that have become due solely by such declaration of
         acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

SECTION 5.3 COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

         The Company covenants that if

                  (1)      default is made in the payment of any interest on any
         Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2)      default is made in the payment of the principal of
         (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof, the
         Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of
         the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable
         on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to
         the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable,
         interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue
         interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,
         and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to
         cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable
         compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
         agents and counsel.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most

                                                                            -38-

<PAGE>

effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific
enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the
exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 5.4 TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

         In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any
other obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee
shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or
otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act
in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such
proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and
receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims
and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee,
liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial
proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the
Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such
payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for
the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under
Section 6.7. No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election
of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors'
or other similar committee.

SECTION 5.5 TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES.

         All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and
any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name
as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after
provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 5.6 APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

         Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be
applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and,
in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium
or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7;

         SECOND: Subject to Article 15, to the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid for principal of and any premium, if any, and interest on the
Securities in respect of which or for the

                                                                            -39-

<PAGE>

benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or
priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such
Securities for principal and any premium, if any, and interest, respectively;
and

         THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company or any other Person or
Persons entitled thereto.

SECTION 5.7 LIMITATION ON SUITS.

         No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless

                  (1)      such Holder has previously given written notice to
         the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
         Securities of that series;

                  (2)      the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall
         have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in
         respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
         incurred in compliance with such request;

                  (4)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
         notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5)      no direction inconsistent with such written request
         has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders
         of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

SECTION 5.8 UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND
INTEREST AND TO CONVERT.

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of
any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7)
interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), to convert
such Securities in accordance with Article 14 to the extent that such right to
convert is applicable to such

                                                                            -40-

<PAGE>

Security, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and
such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 5.9 RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

         If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce
any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 5.10 RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of
Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee
or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and
in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 5.11 DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities
to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law
to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations
contained in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be.

SECTION 5.12 CONTROL BY HOLDERS.

         The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such series, provided that

                  (1)      such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule
         of law or with this Indenture and the Trustee shall not have determined
         that the action so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to Holders of
         Securities of that series, or any other series, not taking part in such
         direction; and

                  (2)      the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper
         by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction or this
         Indenture.

                                                                            -41-

<PAGE>

SECTION 5.13 WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

         The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except

                  (1)      a default in the payment of the principal of or any
         premium or interest on any Security of such series as and when the same
         shall become due and payable by the terms thereof, otherwise than by
         acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient
         to pay all matured installments of interest, principal and premium, if
         any, has been deposited with the Trustee), or

                  (2)      to the extent such right is applicable to such
         Security, a failure by the Company on request to convert any Security
         into Common Stock; or

                  (3)      in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which
         under Article 9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of
         the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 5.14 UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

         In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to
file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against
any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust
Indenture Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act
shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make
such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or in any suit for the
enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with Article 14.

SECTION 5.15 WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

         The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that
it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim
or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                                                            -42-

<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 6.1 CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

         The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by
the Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder,
or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable
grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against
such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein
expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct
or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 6.2 NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

         If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series,
the Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such
default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided,
however, that except in the case of a default in the payment of principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of such series or in the payment
of any sinking fund installment or any conversion right applicable to Securities
of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and
so long as a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the
Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the
interests of the holders of Securities of such series; provided, further,
however, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section
5.1(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders
shall be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the
purpose of this Section, the term "default" means any event that is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect
to Securities of such series.

         Except with respect to Section 10.1, the Trustee shall have no duty to
inquire as to the performance of the Company with respect to the covenants
contained in Article 10. In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have
knowledge of an Event of Default except (i) any Default or Event of Default
occurring pursuant to Sections 5.1(1), 5.1(2) and 5.1(3) (defaults in payments
on the Securities) or (ii) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee
shall have received written notification or obtained actual knowledge.

         Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under
Section 7.4 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of the
foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained
therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the
Company's compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the
Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on Officers' Certificates).

                                                                            -43-

<PAGE>

SECTION 6.3 CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1:

                  (1)      in the absence of bad faith on the part of the
         Trustee, the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
         refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
         paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed
         or presented by the proper party or parties;

                  (2)      any request or direction of the Company mentioned
         herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company
         Order, and any resolution of the Board of Directors shall be
         sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

                  (3)      whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) is
         entitled to and may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon
         an Officers' Certificate;

                  (4)      the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written
         advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and
         complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
         suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance
         thereon;

                  (5)      the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise
         any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
         request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture,
         unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
         security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which
         might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

                  (6)      the Trustee shall not be bound to make any
         investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
         certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
         direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of
         indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
         discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such
         facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine
         to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to
         examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or
         by agent or attorney; and

                  (7)      the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible
         for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney
         appointed with due care by it hereunder.

                                                                            -44-

<PAGE>

SECTION 6.4 NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of
the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any
responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to
the validity, sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities.
Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the
use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 6.5 MAY HOLD SECURITIES AND ACT AS TRUSTEE UNDER OTHER INDENTURES.

         The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent.

         Subject to the limitations imposed by the Trust Indenture Act, nothing
in this Indenture shall prohibit the Trustee from becoming and acting as trustee
under other indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest
of participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding in the same
manner as if it were not Trustee hereunder.

SECTION 6.6 MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

         Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be
under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as
otherwise agreed with the Company.

SECTION 6.7 COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

         The Company agrees:

                  (1)      to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
         compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which
         compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to
         the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

                  (2)      except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
         reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
         disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
         accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the
         reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its
         agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance
         as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

                  (3)      to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless
         against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or
         bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection

                                                                            -45-

<PAGE>

         with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder,
         including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim
         or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of
         its powers or duties hereunder.

         When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of
Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or Section 5.1(6) hereof occurs, the
expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses
of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration
under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law.

SECTION 6.8 CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

         If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the
meaning of the Trust Indenture Act and there is an Event of Default under the
Securities of that series, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or
resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the
provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent
permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a
conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with
respect to Securities of more than one series.

SECTION 6.9 CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

         There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for
Securities of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is
eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has (or if the
Trustee is a member of a bank holding company system, its bank holding company
has) a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such Person
or bank holding company publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by
the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person or bank
holding company shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set
forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

SECTION 6.10 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

         No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 6.11. The Trustee may resign at any time with
respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof
to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required
by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days
after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

                                                                            -46-

<PAGE>

         The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities
of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

         If at any time:

                  (1)      the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.8
         after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has
         been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

                  (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section
         6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the
         Company or by any such Holder, or

                  (3)      the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall
         be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of
         its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge
         or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose
         of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case,
         (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with
         respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder
         who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
         may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
         any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with
         respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or
         Trustees.

         If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting,
or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect
to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution,
shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the
Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor
Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 6.11. If, within one year after such resignation,
removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee
so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in
accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so
appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner
required by Section 6.11, the retiring Trustee may petition, or any Holder who
has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months
may petition, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, any court
of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of such successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.

         The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to

                                                                            -47-

<PAGE>

the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the
manner provided in Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address
of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 6.11 ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

         In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

         In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor
Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of
such successor Trustee relates.

                                                                            -48-

<PAGE>

         Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute
any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming
to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the
first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.

         No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.

SECTION 6.12 MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

         Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this
Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In the
event that any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor
Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities
in either its own name or that of a predecessor Trustee, with the full force and
effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of
the Trustee.

SECTION 6.13 PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

         If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company
(or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor).

SECTION 6.14 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

         The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect
to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf
of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original
issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof
or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having (or if the Authenticating Agent is a member of a bank holding
company system, its bank

                                                                            -49-
<PAGE>

holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000
and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section 1.6 to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

         The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the
Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the
provisions of Section 6.7.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section 6.12, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon,
in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

                                                                            -50-
<PAGE>

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                  WELLS FARGO BANK,
                                                  NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
                                                  as Trustee

                                                  By:___________________________
                                                       as Authenticating Agent

                                                  By:___________________________
                                                       Authorized Officer

                                   ARTICLE 7

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 7.1 COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.

         The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

                  (1)      semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the
         Regular Record Date for each respective series of Securities, a list,
         in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and
         addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of such
         Regular Record Date, as the case may be, or if there is no Regular
         Record Date for such series of Securities, semi-annually, and

                  (2)      at such other times as the Trustee may request in
         writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such
         request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than
         15 days prior to the time such list is furnished;

provided that no such list need be furnished by the Company to the Trustee so
long as the Trustee is acting as Security Registrar.

SECTION 7.2 PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

         The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

         The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act. Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and

                                                                            -51-
<PAGE>

holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the
Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held
accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses
of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 7.3 REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

         The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the
Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the
Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.

         Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more
than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than July 15 in each calendar year,
commencing with the first July 15 after the first issuance of Securities
pursuant to this Indenture.

         A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

SECTION 7.4 REPORTS BY COMPANY.

         The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and
transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such
summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the
times and in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; provided
that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed
with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with
the Commission.

                                   ARTICLE 8

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 8.1 COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS.

         The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person
(in a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or
convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety
to any Person, unless:

                  (1)      in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge
         into another Person (in a transaction in which the Company is not the
         surviving corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and
         assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by
         such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person
         which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the
         properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall
         be a corporation, limited liability company, partnership or trust,
         shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of the United
         States of America,

                                                                            -52-
<PAGE>

         any State thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly
         assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to
         the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual
         payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the
         Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this
         Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and
         the conversion rights shall be provided for in accordance with Article
         14, if applicable, or as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1,
         by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee, executed
         and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than the Company)
         formed by such consolidation or into which the Company shall have been
         merged or by the Person which shall have acquired the Company's assets;

                  (2)      immediately after giving effect to such transaction
         and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the
         Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having
         been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such
         transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or
         lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have
         occurred and be continuing; and

                  (3)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such
         consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a
         supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
         such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all
         conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
         have been complied with.

SECTION 8.2 SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED.

         Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company
into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties
and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with
Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the
Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall
succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor
Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case
of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

                                   ARTICLE 9

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 9.1 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

         Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the
Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                                                                            -53-
<PAGE>

                  (1)      to evidence the succession of another Person to the
         Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by any such
         successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities
         in compliance with Article 8; or

                  (2)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
         solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or
         power herein conferred upon the Company; or

                  (3)      to add any additional Events of Default for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         additional Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all
         series of Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default
         are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series); or

                  (4)      to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate
         the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not
         registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or
         to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated
         form; or

                  (5)      to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions
         of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities,
         provided that any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall
         neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the
         execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of
         such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such
         Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective
         only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or

                  (6)      to secure the Securities, including provisions
         regarding the circumstances under which collateral may be released or
         substituted; or

                  (7)      to add or provide for a guaranty of the Securities or
         additional obligors on the Securities; or

                  (8)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
         series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

                  (9)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of
         appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
         provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
         facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
         Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11; or

                  (10)     to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
         provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
         provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
         matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided that

                                                                            -54-
<PAGE>

         such action pursuant to this clause (10) shall not adversely affect the
         interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material
         respect; or

                  (11)     to supplement any of the provisions of the Indenture
         to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to
         Articles 4 and 13, provided that any such action shall not adversely
         affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any
         other series of Securities in any material respect.

SECTION 9.2 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

         With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the
Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into
an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such
supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby,

                  (1)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
         any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
         the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any
         premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of
         the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other
         Security which would be due and payable upon a declaration of
         acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, or change
         the coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest
         thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
         enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
         (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or
         modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the
         subordination of such series of Securities in a manner adverse to the
         Holders of Securities of such series, or, in the case of Securities of
         any series that are convertible into Securities or other securities of
         the Company, adversely affect the right of Holders to convert any of
         the Securities of such series other than as provided in or pursuant to
         this Indenture, or

                  (2)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose
         Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain
         provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their
         consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or

                  (3)      modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section
         5.13 or Section 10.8, except to increase any such percentage or to
         provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be
         modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each
         Outstanding Security affected thereby; provided, however, that this
         clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with
         respect to changes in the references to "the

                                                                            -55-
<PAGE>

         Trustee" and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 10.8, or
         the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of
         Sections 6.11 and 9.1(8), or

                  (4)      if applicable, make any change that adversely affects
         the right to convert any security as provided in Article 14 or pursuant
         to Section 3.1 (except as permitted by Section 9.1(9)) or decrease the
         conversion rate or increase the conversion price of any such security.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 9.3 EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Sections 6.1 and 6.3) shall be fully protected in relying upon,
an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 9.4 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 9.5 CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

         Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 9.6 REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the

                                                                            -56-
<PAGE>

Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to
conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental
indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

SECTION 9.7 SUBORDINATION UNIMPAIRED.

         No provision in any supplemental indenture that affects the superior
position of the holders of Senior Debt shall be effective against holders of
Senior Debt.

                                   ARTICLE 10

                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 10.1 PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium
and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of
the Securities and this Indenture.

SECTION 10.2 MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

         The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and
any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. Unless otherwise provided
in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof, the Place of
Payment for any series of Securities shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other
office or agency.

                                                                            -57-
<PAGE>

SECTION 10.3 MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

         If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of
or any premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a
Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as
provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the
Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure
so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the
continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

         Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for a period
ending on the earlier of the date that is ten Business Days prior to the date
such money would escheat to the State or two years after such principal, premium
or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company
Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust;
and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the
Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability
of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however,
that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a
newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each
Business Day and of general circulation in each Place of Payment, notice that
such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date

                                                                            -58-
<PAGE>

of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be
repaid to the Company.

SECTION 10.4 STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

         The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end
of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of
grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be
in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of
which they may have knowledge. The fiscal year of the Company currently ends on
December 31; and the Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of any
change of its fiscal year.

SECTION 10.5 EXISTENCE.

         Subject to Article 8, the Company will do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence.

SECTION 10.6 MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES.

         The Company will cause all properties used or useful in the conduct of
its business to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working
order and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be made all
necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements thereof,
all as, and to the extent, in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so
that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and
advantageously conducted at all times; provided, however, that nothing in this
Section shall prevent the Company from discontinuing the operation or
maintenance of any of such properties if such discontinuance is, in the judgment
of the Company, desirable in the conduct of its business and not disadvantageous
in any material respect to the Holders.

SECTION 10.7 PAYMENT OF TAXES AND OTHER CLAIMS.

         The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged,
before the same shall become delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and
governmental charges levied or imposed upon the Company or upon the income,
profits or property of the Company, and (2) all lawful claims for labor,
materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a lien upon the
property of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be
required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax,
assessment, charge or claim (i) whose amount, applicability or validity is being
contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or (ii) if the failure to pay
or discharge would not have a material adverse effect on the assets, business,
operations, properties or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and
its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

                                                                            -59-
<PAGE>

SECTION 10.8 WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

         Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 3.1(19),
9.1(2), 9.1(7), 10.6 or 10.7 for the benefit of the Holders of such series if
before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act of
such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive
compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall
extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations
of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term,
provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

                                   ARTICLE 11

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 11.1 APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         Securities of any series that are redeemable before their Stated
Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities) in
accordance with this Article.


SECTION 11.2 ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section
3.1 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the
Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any such
redemption affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 45
days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice
shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption
Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and,
if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any
redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with such restriction.

SECTION 11.3 SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

         If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed
(unless all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be
redeemed or unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the
particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, by lot, or in the Trustee's
discretion, on a pro-rata basis, provided that the unredeemed portion of the
principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which
shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such

                                                                            -60-
<PAGE>

Security. If less than all the Securities of such series and of a specified
tenor are to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single
Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding
Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for
redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence.

         If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part
before termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of the
Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so
far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities that have
been converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated
by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities
selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed.

         The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with
respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such
redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the
Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than
the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.

SECTION 11.4 NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

         Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage
prepaid, mailed not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption
Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to
each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in the
Security Register.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1)      the Redemption Date,

                  (2)      the Redemption Price (including accrued interest, if
         any),

                  (3)      if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any
         series consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed,
         the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such
         Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be
         redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
         consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal
         amount of the particular Security to be redeemed,

                                                                            -61-
<PAGE>

                  (4)      in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only,
         that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security,
         the Holder of such Security will receive, without charge, a new
         Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal
         amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

                  (5)      that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will
         become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if
         applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after
         said date,

                  (6)      the place or places where each such Security is to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price,

                  (7)      if applicable, the conversion price, the date on
         which the right to convert the principal of the Securities or the
         portions thereof to be redeemed will terminate, and the place or places
         where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion,

                  (8)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
         the case, and

                  (9)      the CUSIP number or numbers and/or common codes of
         the Security being redeemed.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.

SECTION 11.5 DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

         On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption
Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities
which are to be redeemed on that date.

         If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited
with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for
the redemption of such Security shall (subject to the right of any Holder of
such Security to receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of Section
3.7) be paid to the Company on Company Request, or if then held by the Company,
shall be discharged from such trust.

SECTION 11.6 SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

         Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so
to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any
such

                                                                            -62-
<PAGE>

Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be
paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is
on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 3.7.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until
paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

SECTION 11.7 SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

         Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 12.1 APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of any Securities is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund
payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the
terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund
payment." If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2.
Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as
provided for by the terms of such Securities.

SECTION 12.2 SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

         The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other
than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the

                                                                            -63-
<PAGE>

application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of
such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking
fund payment with respect to any Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the extent provided for by
the terms of such Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited
have not been previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be
received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price,
as specified in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.

SECTION 12.3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

         Not fewer than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such
Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to
Section 12.2 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not fewer than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date,
the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 11.6 and 11.7.

                                   ARTICLE 13

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 13.1 COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

         The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 13.2
or Section 13.3 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the
case may be, designated pursuant to Section 3.1 as being defeasible pursuant to
such Section 13.2 or 13.3, in accordance with any applicable requirements
provided pursuant to Section 3.1 and upon compliance with the conditions set
forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board
Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
such Securities.

SECTION 13.2 DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

         Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the
Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations, and the
provisions of Article 15 shall cease to be effective, with respect to such
Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set
forth in Section 13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called "Defeasance"). For this
purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have
satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities

                                                                            -64-
<PAGE>
and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at
the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the
same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated
or discharged hereunder:

                  (1)      the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive,
         solely from the trust fund described in Section 13.4 and as more fully
         set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and
         any premium and interest on such Securities when payments are due,

                  (2)      the Company's obligations with respect to such
         Securities under Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3, and, if
         applicable, Article 14,

                  (3)      the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of
         the Trustee hereunder, and

                  (4)      this Article.

         Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its
option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities notwithstanding
the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section 13.3 applied to such
Securities.

SECTION 13.3 COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

         Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,

                  (1)      the Company shall be released from its obligations
         under Sections 10.6 and 10.7 and any covenants provided pursuant to
         Sections 3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7) for the benefit of the Holders of
         such Securities,

                  (2)      the occurrence of any event specified in Section
         5.1(4) (with respect to any of Sections 10.6 and 10.7 and any such
         covenants provided pursuant to Section 3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7)) and
         the occurrence of any Event of Default specified pursuant to Section
         3.1 shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default, and

                  (3)      the provisions of Article 15 shall cease to be
         effective,

in each case with respect to such Securities or any series of Securities as
provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in
Section 13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called "Covenant Defeasance"). For this
purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities,
the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of
any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section (to
the extent so specified in the case of Section 5.1(4) and the occurrence of any
Event of Default specified pursuant to Section 3.1) or Article 15, whether
directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such
Section or Article or by reason of any reference in any such Section or Article
to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of
this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

                                                                            -65-

<PAGE>

SECTION 13.4 CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

         The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section
13.2 or Section 13.3 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be:

                  (1)      The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or
         caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which
         satisfies the requirements contemplated by Section 6.9 and agrees to
         comply with the provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust
         funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments,
         specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the
         benefits of the Holders of such Securities,

                           (A)      in the case of Securities of a series
                  denominated in currency of the United States of America,

                                    (i)      cash in currency of the United
                           States of America in an amount, or

                                    (ii)     U.S. Government Obligations which
                           through the scheduled payment of principal and
                           interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
                           terms will provide, not later than one day before the
                           due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or

                                    (iii)    a combination thereof, or

                           (B)      in the case of Securities of a series
                  denominated in currency other than that of the United States
                  of America,

                                    (i)      cash in the currency in which such
                           series of Securities is denominated in an amount, or

                                    (ii)     Foreign Government Obligations
                           which through the scheduled payment of principal and
                           interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
                           terms will provide, not later than one day before the
                           due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or

                                    (iii)    a combination thereof,

in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by
the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the
principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on the respective
Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such
Securities.

                                                                            -66-

<PAGE>

                  (2)      For Securities denominated in United States dollars,
         in the event of an election to have Section 13.2 apply to any
         Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
         shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that

                           (A)      the Company has received from, or there has
                  been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or

                           (B)      since the date of this instrument, there has
                  been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law,

         in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such
         opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not
         recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of
         the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to
         such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same
         amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case
         if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur.

                  (3)      For Securities denominated in United States dollars,
         in the event of an election to have Section 13.3 apply to any
         Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
         shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect
         that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for
         Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant
         Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be
         subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner
         and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant
         Defeasance were not to occur.

                  (4)      The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor
         any other Securities of the same series, if then listed on any
         securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit.

                  (5)      No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time
         or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to such
         Securities or any other Securities shall have occurred and be
         continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to any such
         event specified in Sections 5.1(5) and (6), at any time on or prior to
         the 90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that
         this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th
         day).

                  (6)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not
         cause the Trustee to have a conflicting interest within the meaning of
         the Trust Indenture Act (assuming all Securities are in default within
         the meaning of such Act).

                  (7)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not
         result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this
         Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is
         a party or by which it is bound.

                                                                            -67-

<PAGE>

                  (8)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not
         result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an
         investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act
         unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from
         registration thereunder.

                  (9)      At the time of such deposit,

                           (A)      no default in the payment of any principal
                  of or premium or interest on any Senior Debt shall have
                  occurred and be continuing,

                           (B)      no event of default with respect to any
                  Senior Debt shall have resulted in such Senior Debt becoming,
                  and continuing to be, due and payable prior to the date on
                  which it would otherwise have become due and payable (unless
                  payment of such Senior Debt has been made or duly provided
                  for), and

                           (C)      no other event of default with respect to
                  any Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing
                  permitting (after notice or lapse of time or both) the holders
                  of such Senior Debt (or a trustee on behalf of such holders)
                  to declare such Senior Debt due and payable prior to the date
                  on which it would otherwise have become due and payable.

                  (10)     The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant
         Defeasance have been complied with.

SECTION 13.5 DEPOSITED MONEY, U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENT
OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST; MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

         . Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all
money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations (including
the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee
(solely for purposes of this Section and Section 13.6, the Trustee and any such
other trustee are referred to collectively as the "Trustee") pursuant to Section
13.4 in respect of any Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the
Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due
thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but money so held
in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law. Money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations so
held in trust shall not be subject to the provisions of Article 15.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.4 or the
principal and interest received in respect

                                                                            -68-

<PAGE>

thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

         Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money, U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held by it
as provided in Section 13.4 with respect to any Securities which, in the opinion
of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the
amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect the
Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect to such
Securities.

SECTION 13.6 REINSTATEMENT.

         If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any
order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining
or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section 13.2 or 13.3 shall be revived and reinstated as
though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such
Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply
all money held in trust pursuant to Section 13.5 with respect to such Securities
in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes
any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security
following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment
from the money so held in trust.

                                   ARTICLE 14

                            CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 14.1 APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of
any series which are convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company, and
the issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of such
Securities, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for the
Securities of such series.

SECTION 14.2 EXERCISE OF CONVERSION PRIVILEGE.

         In order to exercise a conversion privilege, the Holder of a Security
of a series with such a privilege shall surrender such Security to the Company
at the office or agency maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section 10.2,
accompanied by a duly executed conversion notice to the Company substantially in
the form set forth in Section 2.6 stating that the Holder elects to convert such
Security or a specified portion thereof. Such notice shall also state, if
different from the name and address of such Holder, the name or names (with
address) in which the certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock,
which shall be issuable on such conversion, shall be issued. Securities

                                                                            -69-

<PAGE>

surrendered for conversion shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed by or accompanied by instruments of transfer in forms
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder or its
attorney duly authorized in writing; and Securities so surrendered for
conversion (in whole or in part) during the period from the close of business on
any Regular Record Date to the opening of business on the next succeeding
Interest Payment Date (excluding Securities or portions thereof called for
redemption during the period beginning at the close of business on a Regular
Record Date and ending at the opening of business on the first Business Day
after the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or if such Interest Payment
Date is not a Business Day, the second such Business Day) shall also be
accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company of an amount equal to
the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal amount of
such Security then being converted, and such interest shall be payable to such
Holder notwithstanding the conversion of such Security, subject to the
provisions of Section 3.7 relating to the payment of Defaulted Interest by the
Company. As promptly as practicable after the receipt of such notice and of any
payment required pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 3.3, set
forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto setting forth the
terms of such series of Security, and the surrender of such Security in
accordance with such reasonable regulations as the Company may prescribe, the
Company shall issue and shall deliver, at the office or agency at which such
Security is surrendered, to such Holder or on its written order, a certificate
or certificates for the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable upon the
conversion of such Security (or specified portion thereof), in accordance with
the provisions of such Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental
indenture, and cash as provided therein in respect of any fractional share of
such Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion. Such conversion shall
be deemed to have been effected immediately prior to the close of business on
the date on which such notice and such payment, if required, shall have been
received in proper order for conversion by the Company and such Security shall
have been surrendered as aforesaid (unless such Holder shall have so surrendered
such Security and shall have instructed the Company to effect the conversion on
a particular date following such surrender and such Holder shall be entitled to
convert such Security on such date, in which case such conversion shall be
deemed to be effected immediately prior to the close of business on such date)
and at such time the rights of the Holder of such Security as such Security
Holder shall cease and the person or persons in whose name or names any
certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be
issuable upon such conversion shall be deemed to have become the Holder or
Holders of record of the shares represented thereby. Except as set forth above
and subject to the final paragraph of Section 3.7, no payment or adjustment
shall be made upon any conversion on account of any interest accrued on the
Securities (or any part thereof) surrendered for conversion or on account of any
dividends on the Common Stock of the Company issued upon such conversion.

         In the case of any Security which is converted in part only, upon such
conversion the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company,
a new Security or Securities of the same series, of authorized denominations, in
aggregate principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such Security.

                                                                            -70-

<PAGE>

SECTION 14.3 NO FRACTIONAL SHARES.

         No fractional share of Common Stock of the Company shall be issued upon
conversions of Securities of any series. If more than one Security shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full
shares which shall be issuable upon conversion shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions thereof
to the extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. If, except for the provisions of
this Section 14.3, any Holder of a Security or Securities would be entitled to a
fractional share of Common Stock of the Company upon the conversion of such
Security or Securities, or specified portions thereof, the Company shall pay to
such Holder an amount in cash equal to the current market value of such
fractional share computed, (i) if such Common Stock is listed or admitted to
unlisted trading privileges on a national securities exchange or market, on the
basis of the last reported sale price regular way on such exchange or market on
the last trading day prior to the date of conversion upon which such a sale
shall have been effected, or (ii) if such Common Stock is not at the time so
listed or admitted to unlisted trading privileges on a national securities
exchange or market, on the basis of the average of the bid and asked prices of
such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market, on the last trading day prior
to the date of conversion, as reported by the National Quotation Bureau,
Incorporated or similar organization if the National Quotation Bureau,
Incorporated is no longer reporting such information, or if not so available,
the fair market price as determined by the Board of Directors. For purposes of
this Section, "trading day" shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
and Friday other than any day on which the Common Stock is not traded on the
Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is not traded on the Nasdaq
National Market, on the principal exchange or market on which the Common Stock
is traded or quoted.

SECTION 14.4 ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE.

         The conversion price of Securities of any series that is convertible
into Common Stock of the Company shall be adjusted for any stock dividends,
stock splits, reclassifications, combinations or similar transactions in
accordance with the terms of the supplemental indenture or Board Resolutions
setting forth the terms of the Securities of such series.

         Whenever the conversion price is adjusted, the Company shall compute
the adjusted conversion price in accordance with terms of the applicable Board
Resolution or supplemental indenture and shall prepare an Officers' Certificate
setting forth the adjusted conversion price and showing in reasonable detail the
facts upon which such adjustment is based, and such certificate shall forthwith
be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of
Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 and, if different, with the Trustee. The
Company shall forthwith cause a notice setting forth the adjusted conversion
price to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of
such series at its address appearing on the Security Register and to any
conversion agent other than the Trustee.

                                                                            -71-

<PAGE>

SECTION 14.5 NOTICE OF CERTAIN CORPORATE ACTIONS.

         In case:

                  (1)      the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other
         distribution) on its Common Stock payable otherwise than in cash out of
         its retained earnings (other than a dividend for which approval of any
         shareholders of the Company is required) that would require an
         adjustment pursuant to Section 14.4; or

                  (2)      the Company shall authorize the granting to all or
         substantially all of the holders of its Common Stock of rights, options
         or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of
         any class or of any other rights (other than any such grant for which
         approval of any shareholders of the Company is required); or

                  (3)      of any reclassification of the Common Stock of the
         Company (other than a subdivision or combination of its outstanding
         shares of Common Stock, or of any consolidation, merger or share
         exchange to which the Company is a party and for which approval of any
         shareholders of the Company is required), or of the sale of all or
         substantially all of the assets of the Company; or

                  (4)      of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution,
         liquidation or winding up of the Company;

         then the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee, and shall
         cause to be mailed to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall
         appear in the Security Register, at least 20 days (or 10 days in any
         case specified in clause (1) or (2) above) prior to the applicable
         record date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (i) the date on
         which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
         distribution, rights, options or warrants, or, if a record is not to be
         taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be
         entitled to such dividend, distribution, rights, options or warrants
         are to be determined, or (ii) the date on which such reclassification,
         consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale, dissolution, liquidation
         or winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which
         it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled
         to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other
         property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger,
         share exchange, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. If at any
         time the Trustee shall not be the conversion agent, a copy of such
         notice shall also forthwith be filed by the Company with the Trustee.

SECTION 14.6 RESERVATION OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.

         The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock, for the
purpose of effecting the conversion of Securities, the full number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company then issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding
Securities of any series that has conversion rights.

                                                                            -72-
<PAGE>

SECTION 14.7 PAYMENT OF CERTAIN TAXES UPON CONVERSION.

         Except as provided in the next sentence, the Company will pay any and
all taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of shares of
its Common Stock on conversion of Securities pursuant hereto. The Company shall
not, however, be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any
transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of its Common Stock in a
name other than that of the Holder of the Security or Securities to be
converted, and no such issue or delivery shall be made unless and until the
person requesting such issue has paid to the Company the amount of any such tax,
or has established, to the satisfaction of the Company, that such tax has been
paid.

SECTION 14.8 NONASSESSABILITY.

         The Company covenants that all shares of its Common Stock that may be
issued upon conversion of Securities will upon issue in accordance with the
terms hereof be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable.

SECTION 14.9 PROVISION IN CASE OF CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS.

         In case of any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any
other Person, any merger of another Person with or into the Company (other than
a merger which does not result in any reclassification, conversion, exchange or
cancellation of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company) or any
conveyance, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the assets of
the Company, the Person formed by such consolidation or resulting from such
merger or which acquires such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and
deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture providing that the Holder of
each Security of a series then Outstanding that is convertible into Common Stock
of the Company shall have the right thereafter (which right shall be the
exclusive conversion right thereafter available to said Holder), during the
period such Security shall be convertible, to convert such Security only into
the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by a holder of the
number of shares of Common Stock of the Company into which such Security might
have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
sale, transfer or lease, assuming such holder of Common Stock of the Company (i)
is not a Person with which the Company consolidated or merged with or into or
which merged into or with the Company or to which such conveyance, sale,
transfer or lease was made, as the case may be (a "Constituent Person"), or an
Affiliate of a Constituent Person and (ii) failed to exercise his rights of
election, if any, as to the kind or amount of securities, cash and other
property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer
or lease (provided that if the kind or amount of securities, cash and other
property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer,
or lease is not the same for each share of Common Stock of the Company held
immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or
lease by others than a Constituent Person or an Affiliate thereof and in respect
of which such rights of election shall not have been exercised ("Non-electing
Share"), then for the purpose of this Section 14.9 the kind and amount of
securities, cash and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger,
conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by the holders of each Non-electing Share
shall be deemed to be the kind and

                                                                            -73-
<PAGE>

amount so receivable per share by a plurality of the Non-electing Shares). Such
supplemental indenture shall provide for adjustments which, for events
subsequent to the effective date of such supplemental indenture, shall be as
nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this
Article or in accordance with the terms of the supplemental indenture or Board
Resolutions setting forth the terms of such adjustments. The above provisions of
this Section 14.9 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers,
conveyances, sales, transfers or leases. Notice of the execution of such a
supplemental indenture shall be given by the Company to the Holder of each
Security of a series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company as
provided in Section 1.6 promptly upon such execution.

         Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent, if any, shall be under
any responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in
any such supplemental indenture relating either to the kind or amount of shares
of stock or other securities or property or cash receivable by Holders of
Securities of a series convertible into Common Stock of the Company upon the
conversion of their Securities after any such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
transfer, sale or lease or to any such adjustment, but may accept as conclusive
evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel with respect thereto, which the Company
shall cause to be furnished to the Trustee upon request.

SECTION 14.10 DUTIES OF TRUSTEE REGARDING CONVERSION.

         Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall at any time be under
any duty or responsibility to any Holder of Securities of any series that is
convertible into Common Stock of the Company to determine whether any facts
exist which may require any adjustment of the conversion price, or with respect
to the nature or extent of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the
method employed, whether herein or in any supplemental indenture, any
resolutions of the Board of Directors or written instrument executed by one or
more officers of the Company provided to be employed in making the same. Neither
the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be accountable with respect to the
validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any shares of Common Stock of the
Company, or of any securities or property, which may at any time be issued or
delivered upon the conversion of any Securities and neither the Trustee nor any
conversion agent makes any representation with respect thereto. Subject to the
provisions of Section 6.1, neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be
responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any
shares of its Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property
upon the surrender of any Security for the purpose of conversion or to comply
with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article 14 or in the
applicable supplemental indenture, resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more duly authorized officers of the
Company.

SECTION 14.11 REPAYMENT OF CERTAIN FUNDS UPON CONVERSION.

         Any funds which at any time shall have been deposited by the Company or
on its behalf with the Trustee or any other paying agent for the purpose of
paying the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any of
the Securities (including, but not limited to, funds deposited for the sinking
fund referred to in Article 12 hereof and funds deposited pursuant to Article 13
hereof)

                                                                            -74-

<PAGE>

and which shall not be required for such purposes because of the conversion of
such Securities as provided in this Article 14 shall after such conversion be
repaid to the Company by the Trustee upon the Company's written request.

                                   ARTICLE 15

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 15.1 AGREEMENT OF SUBORDINATION.

         Except as otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to
Section 3.1, the Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Securities
issued hereunder by its acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees, that
all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this Article 15; and
each Person holding any Security, whether upon original issue or upon transfer,
assignment or exchange thereof, accepts and agrees to be bound by such
provisions.

         The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on all
Securities (including, but not limited to, the redemption price with respect to
the Securities called for redemption in accordance with Article 11 as provided
in the Indenture) issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in the manner
hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in right of payment to the
prior payment in full of all Senior Debt, whether outstanding at the date of
this Indenture or thereafter incurred.

         No provision of this Article 15 shall prevent the occurrence of any
default or Event of Default hereunder.

SECTION 15.2 PAYMENTS TO HOLDERS.

         No payment shall be made with respect to the principal of, or premium,
if any, or interest on the Securities (including, but not limited to, the
redemption price with respect to the Securities to be called for redemption in
accordance with Article 11 as provided in the Indenture), except payments and
distributions made by the Trustee as permitted by the first or second paragraph
of Section 15.5, if:

                                    (i)      a default in the payment of
                           principal, premium, if any, interest, rent or other
                           obligations due on any Senior Debt occurs and is
                           continuing (or, in the case of Senior Debt for which
                           there is a period of grace, in the event of such a
                           default that continues beyond the period of grace, if
                           any, specified in the instrument or lease evidencing
                           such Senior Debt) (a "Payment Default"), unless and
                           until such default shall have been cured or waived or
                           shall have ceased to exist; or

                                    (ii)     a default, other than a Payment
                           Default, on any Designated Senior Debt occurs and is
                           continuing that then permits holders of such
                           Designated Senior Debt to accelerate its maturity and
                           the Trustee receives a

                                                                            -75-

<PAGE>

                           notice of the default (a "Payment Blockage Notice")
                           from a holder of Designated Senior Debt, a
                           Representative of Designated Senior Debt or the
                           Company (a "Non-Payment Default").

         If the Trustee receives any Payment Blockage Notice pursuant to clause
(ii) above, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for
purposes of this Section unless and until at least 365 days shall have elapsed
since the initial effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment Blockage
Notice. No Non-Payment Default that existed or was continuing on the date of
delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be made, the
basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice.

         The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in
respect of the Securities upon the earlier of:

                  (1)      in the case of any Payment Default, the date upon
         which the Payment Default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, or

                  (2)      in the case of a Non-Payment Default, the earlier of
         (a) the date upon which such Non-Payment Default is cured, waived or
         ceases to exist or (b) 179 days after the date on which the applicable
         Payment Blockage Notice is received by the Trustee,

unless this Article 15 otherwise prohibits the payment or distribution at such
time.

         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind
or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any
dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of the Company,
whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
liquidation, receivership or other proceedings, or upon an assignment for the
benefit of creditors or any marshalling of the assets and liabilities of the
Company, or otherwise, all amounts due or to become due upon all Senior Debt
shall first be paid in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders
of such Senior Debt, or payment thereof in accordance with its terms provided
for in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt,
before any payment is made on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities (except payments made pursuant to Article 4 from
monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to commencement of
proceedings for such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization,
assignment for the benefit of creditors or the marshalling of assets and
liabilities of the Company); and upon any such dissolution, winding-up,
liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or
marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company or bankruptcy, insolvency,
receivership or other proceeding, any payment by the Company, or distribution of
assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
securities, to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be
entitled, except for the provision of this Article 15, shall (except as
aforesaid) be paid by the Company or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy,
liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution,
or by the Holders of the Securities or by the Trustee under this Indenture if
received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such
holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Debt held by such
holders, or as otherwise required by law or a court order) or their
Representative or

                                                                            -76-

<PAGE>

Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to
which any instruments evidencing any Senior Debt may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Debt
in full, in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior
Debt, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for
the holders of Senior Debt, before any payment or distribution or provision
therefor is made to the Holders of the Securities or to the Trustee.

         For purposes of this Article 15, the words, "cash, property or
securities" shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company as
reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which
is subordinated at least to the extent provided in this Article 15 with respect
to the Securities to the payment of all Senior Debt which may at the time be
outstanding; provided that (i) the Senior Debt is assumed by the new
corporation, if any, resulting from any reorganization or readjustment, and (ii)
the rights of the holders of Senior Debt (other than leases which are not
assumed by the Company or the new corporation, as the case may be) are not,
without the consent of such holders, altered by such reorganization or
readjustment. The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the
Company into, another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the
Company following the conveyance or transfer of its property as an entirety, or
substantially as an entirety, to another corporation upon the terms and
conditions provided for in Article 8 shall not be deemed a dissolution,
winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section 15.2
if such other corporation shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger,
conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions stated in Article 8.

         In the event of the acceleration of the Securities because of an Event
of Default, no payment or distribution shall be made to the Trustee or any
Holder of Securities in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities (including, but not limited to, the redemption price
with respect to the Securities called for redemption in accordance with Article
11 as provided in the Indenture), except payments and distributions made by the
Trustee as permitted by the first or second paragraph of Section 15.5, until all
Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the
holders of Senior Debt or such acceleration is rescinded in accordance with the
terms of this Indenture. If payment of the Securities is accelerated because of
an Event of Default, the Company shall promptly notify holders of Senior Debt of
the acceleration.

         In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, any
payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character,
whether in cash, property or securities (including, without limitation, by way
of setoff or otherwise), prohibited by the foregoing, shall be received by the
Trustee or the Holders of the Securities before all Senior Debt is paid in full
in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt, or
provision is made for such payment thereof in accordance with its terms in cash
or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt, such payment
or distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of and shall be paid over
or delivered to the holders of Senior Debt or their Representative or
Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to
which any instruments evidencing any Senior Debt may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Company, for application
to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to
pay all

                                                                            -77-
<PAGE>

Senior Debt in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such
Senior Debt, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or
for the holders of such Senior Debt.

         Nothing in this Section 15.2 shall apply to claims of, or payments to,
the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 6.7. This Section 15.2 shall be subject
to the further provisions of Section 15.5.

SECTION 15.3 SUBROGATION OF SECURITIES.

         Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Debt, the rights of the
Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or
distributions made to the holders of such Senior Debt pursuant to the provisions
of this Article 15 (equally and ratably with the holders of all indebtedness of
the Company which by its express terms is subordinated to other indebtedness of
the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities are subordinated
and is entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights of the holders of
Senior Debt to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities
of the Company applicable to the Senior Debt until the principal, premium, if
any, and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes
of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior
Debt of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders of the Securities
or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article 15,
and no payment over pursuant to the provisions of this Article 15, to or for the
benefit of the holders of Senior Debt by Holders of the Securities or the
Trustee, shall, as between the Company, its creditors other than holders of
Senior Debt, and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment by the
Company to or on account of the Senior Debt; and no payments or distributions of
cash, property or securities to or for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities pursuant to the subrogation provisions of this Article 15, which
would otherwise have been paid to the holders of Senior Debt shall be deemed to
be a payment by the Company to or for the account of the Securities. It is
understood that the provisions of this Article 15 are and are intended solely
for the purposes of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the
Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Debt, on the other
hand.

         Nothing contained in this Article 15 or elsewhere in this Indenture or
in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its
creditors other than the holders of Senior Debt, and the Holders of the
Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional,
to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable
in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative
rights of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than
the holders of the Senior Debt, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the
Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise
permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the
rights, if any, under this Article 15 of the holders of Senior Debt in respect
of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any
such remedy.

         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to
in this Article 15, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, and
the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree
made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such bankruptcy,
dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending,
or a

                                                                            -78-

<PAGE>

certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent
or other person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or
to the Holders of the Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the persons
entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and
other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon and all
other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article 15.

SECTION 15.4 AUTHORIZATION TO EFFECT SUBORDINATION.

         Each Holder of a Security by the holder's acceptance thereof authorizes
and directs the Trustee on the holder's behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this
Article 15 and appoints the Trustee to act as the holder's attorney-in-fact for
any and all such purposes. If the Trustee does not file a proper proof of claim
or proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in Section
5.4 hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such
claim, the holders of any Senior Debt or their representatives are hereby
authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of the
Securities.

SECTION 15.5 NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

         The Company shall give prompt written notice in the form of an
Officers' Certificate to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee and to any Paying
Agent of any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any
payment of monies to or by the Trustee or any Paying Agent in respect of the
Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article 15. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this Article 15 or any other provision of this Indenture, the
Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which
would prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in
respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article 15, unless
and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received written
notice thereof at the Corporate Trust Office from the Company (in the form of an
Officers' Certificate) or a Representative or a holder or holders of Senior Debt
or from any trustee therefor; and before the receipt of any such written notice,
the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, shall be entitled in all
respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided that if on a date not
fewer than two Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof
any such monies may become payable for any purpose (including, without
limitation, the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on
any Security) the Trustee shall not have received, with respect to such monies,
the notice provided for in this Section 15.5, then, anything herein contained to
the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to
receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were
received, and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be
received by it on or after such prior date.

         Notwithstanding anything in this Article 15 to the contrary, nothing
shall prevent any payment by the Trustee to the Holders of monies deposited with
it pursuant to Section 4.1, and any such payment shall not be subject to the
provisions of Section 15.1 or 15.2.

         The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, shall be
entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Representative
or a person representing himself to be a holder of Senior

                                                                            -79-

<PAGE>

Debt (or a trustee on behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has
been given by a Representative or a holder of Senior Debt or a trustee on behalf
of any such holder or holders. The Trustee shall not be required to make any
payment or distribution to or on behalf of a holder of Senior Debt pursuant to
this Article 15 unless it has received satisfactory evidence as to the amount of
Senior Debt held by such person, the extent to which such person is entitled to
participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the
rights of such person under this Article 15.

SECTION 15.6 TRUSTEE'S RELATION TO SENIOR DEBT.

         The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the
rights set forth in this Article 15 in respect of any Senior Debt at any time
held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt, and nothing
in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

         With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to
perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are
specifically set forth in this Article 15, and no implied covenants or
obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any
fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt and, subject to the provisions of
Section 6.1, the Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of Senior Debt (i)
for any failure to make any payments or distributions to such holders or (ii) if
it shall pay over or deliver to Holders of Securities, the Company or any other
Person money or assets to which any holder of Senior Debt shall be entitled by
virtue of this Article 15 or otherwise.

SECTION 15.7 NO IMPAIRMENT OF SUBORDINATION.

         No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Debt to enforce
subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or
impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act
or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by
the Company, the Trustee or any Holder of Securities with the terms, provisions
and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any
such holder may have or otherwise be charged with.

SECTION 15.8 CERTAIN CONVERSIONS/EXCHANGES DEEMED PAYMENT.

         For the purposes of this Article 15 only, (1) the issuance and delivery
of junior securities upon conversion or exchange of Securities in accordance
with Article 14 or otherwise (except upon conversion of the Securities in
accordance with their terms) shall not be deemed to constitute a payment or
distribution on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities, and
(2) the payment, issuance or delivery of cash (except in satisfaction of
fractional shares pursuant to Section 14.3), property or securities (other than
junior securities) upon conversion or exchange of a Security shall be deemed to
constitute payment on account of the principal of such Security. For the
purposes of this Section 15.8, the term "junior securities" means (a) shares of
any stock of any class of the Company,

                                                                            -80-

<PAGE>

or (b) securities of the Company which are subordinated in right of payment to
all Senior Debt which may be outstanding at the time of issuance or delivery of
such securities to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent
than, the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this Article. Nothing
contained in this Article 15 or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities
is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its creditors other than
holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of Securities, the right, which is
absolute and unconditional, of the Holder of any Security to convert such
Security in accordance with Article 14.

SECTION 15.9 ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS.

         If at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been
appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as
used in this Article shall (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed
as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for
all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article in
addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however, that the first
paragraph of Section 15.5 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the
Company if the Company or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

         The Trustee shall not be responsible for the actions or inactions of
any other Paying Agents (including the Company if acting as its own Paying
Agent) and shall have no control of any funds held by such other Paying Agents.

SECTION 15.10 SENIOR DEBT ENTITLED TO RELY.

         The holders of Senior Debt (including, without limitation, Designated
Senior Debt) shall have the right to rely upon this Article 15, and no amendment
or modification of the provisions contained herein shall diminish the rights of
such holders unless such holders shall have agreed in writing thereto.

SECTION 15.11 RELIANCE ON JUDICIAL ORDER OR CERTIFICATE OF LIQUIDATING AGENT.

         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to
in this Article, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any
order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such
dissolution, winding up, liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the benefit
of creditors or marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company or
bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other like proceeding is pending, or a
certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, custodian,
receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other person making
such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders, for
the purpose of ascertaining the persons entitled to participate in such payment
or distribution, the holders of Senior Debt and other indebtedness of the
Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or
distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article.

                                                                            -81-

<PAGE>

SECTION 15.12 TRUST MONIES NOT SUBORDINATED.

         Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, payments
from money, U.S. Government Obligations and/or Foreign Government Obligations
held in trust under Article 4 or Article 13 by the Trustee for the payment of
the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall not be
subordinated to the prior payment in full of any Senior Debt of the Company or
subject to the restrictions set forth in this Article 15, and none of the
Holders shall be obligated to pay over any such amount to the Company or any
holder of Senior Debt of the Company or any other creditor of the Company.

             [The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]

                                                                            -82-

<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                    JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.

                                    By: _________________________________

                                    Title: ______________________________

                                    WELLS FARGO BANK,
                                    NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
                                    as Trustee

                                    By: _________________________________

                                    Title: ______________________________