Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released April 9, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

All Orange Production Up 1 Percent from March

The United States all orange forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 8.20 million tons, up 1 percent from the March 1 

forecast but down 10 percent from the revised 2008-2009 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 132 million 

boxes (5.92 million tons), is up slightly from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from last season’s revised final 

utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 68.6 million boxes (3.09 million tons), up 

1 percent from March 1 but 19 percent lower than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 63.0 million boxes 

(2.84 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from the revised 2008-2009 estimate. 

The row count survey conducted in late March and declines in weekly utilization indicated harvest for early, midseason, 

and navel oranges was near completion. Objective survey measurements showed that the Valencia drop rate is average, 

while fruit size is measuring below average.

The California all orange forecast is 59.0 million boxes (2.21 million tons), up 4 percent from the previous forecast and up 

27 percent from last season’s revised final utilization. The California navel orange forecast is 42.0 million boxes 

(1.58 million tons), up 5 percent from the March 1 forecast and up 22 percent from last season. The California Valencia 

orange forecast is 17.0 million boxes (638,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 42 percent from last 

season’s revised final utilization. Harvest of navel oranges continued during March, while Valencia orange harvest got 

underway. The Texas orange forecast, at 1.60 million boxes (68,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast and 

up 10 percent from last season’s final utilization.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 1.56 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, up 2 percent from the March 1 forecast but down 6 percent from last season’s final yield of 

1.66 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 6 percent from last season’s 

record yield of 1.60 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.65 gallons per box, 6 percent lower than last 

year’s final yield of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationship this season will be 

similar to those of the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on April 9, 2010.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

James W. Miller

Agricultural Statistics Board

Acting Chairperson

Joseph J. Prusacki
Crop Production (April 2010) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009,

and Forecasted April 1, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................4

Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group - States

and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010..............................................................................................5

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)..........................................................6

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) ....................................................................7

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)...............................................................8

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units).........................................................................9

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units).........................................................................10

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units) .............................................................................11

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map .................................................................................................................................12

Departure of Average Temperature from Normal Map ......................................................................................................12

March Weather Summary ...................................................................................................................................................13

March Agricultural Summary .............................................................................................................................................13

Crop Comments..................................................................................................................................................................14

Statistical Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................16

Information Contacts ..........................................................................................................................................................17
4 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009,

and Forecasted April 1, 2010

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and navel 2

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Valencia

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

All

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ...................................

Colored

 Florida ...................................

All

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 4...................................

California 4................................

Florida .......................................

United States ............................

Lemons

Arizona .....................................

California ..................................

United States ............................

Tangelos

Florida .......................................

230

45,000

83,500

1,600

130,330

150

17,000

86,700

196

104,046

380

62,000

170,200

1,796

234,376

9,000

17,600

100

5,200

26,600

6,000

37,900

400

6,700

5,500

12,600

1,500

14,800

16,300

1,500

150

34,500

84,600

1,300

120,550

100

*12,000

*77,900

159

*90,159

250

*46,500

*162,500

1,459

*210,709

6,600

15,100

25

*4,800

21,700

5,500

*32,025

250

6,700

3,850

10,800

3,000

*21,000

*24,000

1,150

(NA)

42,000

68,600

1,350

111,950

(NA)

17,000

63,000

250

80,250

(NA)

59,000

131,600

1,600

192,200

5,500

13,500

(NA)

4,200

19,000

5,500

28,700

450

9,100

4,100

13,650

2,500

20,000

22,500

900

9

1,688

3,758

68

5,523

6

637

3,901

9

4,553

15

2,325

7,659

77

10,076

383

748

3

174

1,131

240

1,548

15

251

261

527

57

562

619

68

5

1,294

3,807

55

5,161

4

*450

*3,506

7

*3,967

9

*1,744

*7,313

62

*9,128

280

642

1

*161

922

220

*1,304

9

251

183

443

114

*798

*912

52

(NA)

1,575

3,087

57

4,719

(NA)

638

2,835

11

3,484

(NA)

2,213

5,922

68

8,203

234

574

(NA)

141

808

220

1,169

17

341

195

553

95

760

855

41

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in Arizona and California-75, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in Arizona and California-67, Florida-85, Texas-80; 

lemons-76; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-75, Florida-95.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in Arizona and California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small 

quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates discontinued beginning with the 2009-2010 crop year.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
Crop Production (April 2010) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group - States

and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Seasonal group

and State

Area

Yield Production

Planted Harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Winter

California 1..............

Spring

Arizona ...................

California 1..............

Florida ....................

 Hastings .............

 Other Florida .......

North Carolina ........

Texas .....................

United States 1........

Summer 

Alabama 2...............

California 1..............

Colorado .................

Delaware ................

Illinois .....................

Kansas ...................

Maryland .................

Missouri ..................

New Jersey .............

Texas .....................

Virginia ...................

United States ..........

9.0

4.0

17.8

32.6

20.0

12.6

16.0

8.8

79.2

(NA)

*3.4

4.0

1.7

5.4

5.0

2.4

7.3

*2.1

5.9

7.0

*44.2

(NA)

3.7

31.0

32.4

20.2

12.2

16.0

8.8

91.9

8.7

4.0

17.5

28.9

16.5

12.4

15.0

8.3

73.7

(NA)

*3.4

3.9

1.6

5.2

4.8

2.3

7.1

*2.1

5.4

6.9

*42.7

(NA)

3.7

31.0

31.0

19.0

12.0

15.5

8.4

89.6

245

280

410

266

260

275

225

235

289

(NA)

*405

400

300

385

*360

320

*275

*260

460

240

*340

(NA)

280

380

244

230

265

210

235

286

2,530

1,050

6,930

7,952

4,845

3,107

2,520

1,680

20,132

204

1,296

1,628

425

2,094

1,536

750

1,235

460

2,923

1,254

13,805

2,132

1,120

7,175

7,700

4,290

3,410

3,375

1,951

21,321

(NA)

*1,377

1,560

480

2,002

*1,728

736

*1,953

*546

2,484

1,656

*14,522

(NA)

1,036

11,780

7,550

4,370

3,180

3,255

1,974

25,595

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

1 Beginning in 2010, winter and summer estimates included in spring total for California.

2 Estimates discontinued in 2009.
6 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

3,567.0

86,482.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,404.0

350.0

3,135.0

1,241.0

6,633.0

(NA)

59,133.0

43,311.0

2,554.0

13,268.0

827.0

(X)

317.0

51.5

1,116.0

1.0

175.0

77,451.0

2,030.0

9,149.2

9,007.5

141.7

1,183.2

(NA)

(NA)

20.5

1,537.5

863.3

415.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

*1,069.5

9.0

79.2

*44.2

937.1

(NA)

109.6

(NA)

3,273.0

88,798.0

(NA)

3,364.0

3,411.0

6,360.0

53,827.0

37,698.0

2,223.0

13,906.0

1,228.1

(X)

420.0

1,201.0

78,098.0

2,181.0

10,505.0

10,315.0

190.0

1,174.2

(NA)

29.5

1,766.6

837.0

510.0

91.9

117.1

3,113.0

79,620.0

5,605.0

59,755.0

21,227.0

38,528.0

1,379.0

293.0

3,103.0

252.0

5,520.0

254.0

49,868.0

34,485.0

2,428.0

12,955.0

814.0

(X)

314.0

49.8

1,081.0

0.9

165.5

76,372.0

1,953.5

7,690.5

7,552.0

138.5

1,145.3

877.7

354.1

13.7

1,463.0

837.9

407.0

(NA)

6.3

39.7

69.8

*1,044.7

8.7

73.7

*42.7

919.6

20.5

97.7

0.4

60,460.0

334.0

89.6

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage.
Crop Production (April 2010) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1............................................................................... bales

 Upland 1................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 1................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Winter ...................................................................................... cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

73.0

164.9

19.3

2.47

3.35

1.98

67.5

33.7

7,085

27.8

69.4

14.5

44.4

44.2

44.9

45.1

1,811

(X)

23.6

991

3,412

1,700

1,462

44.0

1,554

774

763

1,353

25.8

34.4

2,325

1,328

1,733

2,045

1,440

(NA)

1,270

2,383

91

413

245

289

*340

428

132

201

(NA)

227,323

13,130,632

108,209

147,442

71,030

76,412

93,081

9,865

219,850

6,993

382,983

3,680

2,216,171

1,522,718

109,042

584,411

1,474,130

4,178.0

7,423

49,364

3,688,350

1,530

241,970

3,359,011

3,036,460

12,401.3

12,011.0

390.3

29,519

30,151

823,290

182

25,360

17,137

5,859

874

8,000

94,677.9

6,379

*431,478

2,132

21,321

*14,522

393,503

2,698

19,647

4,000

25,595

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
8 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

 Rye .................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

 Tobacco ............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,443,530

34,998,400

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,377,560

141,640

1,268,700

502,220

2,684,310

(NA)

23,930,530

17,527,530

1,033,580

5,369,430

334,680

(X)

128,290

20,840

451,630

400

70,820

31,343,650

821,520

3,702,590

3,645,250

57,340

478,830

(NA)

(NA)

8,300

622,210

349,370

167,950

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

*432,820

3,640

32,050

*17,890

379,230

(NA)

44,350

(NA)

1,324,550

35,935,660

(NA)

1,361,380

1,380,400

2,573,830

21,783,250

15,256,000

899,630

5,627,620

497,000

(X)

169,970

486,030

31,605,480

882,630

4,251,270

4,174,380

76,890

475,190

(NA)

11,940

714,930

338,730

206,390

37,190

47,390

1,259,800

32,221,420

2,268,290

24,182,250

8,590,350

15,591,900

558,070

118,570

1,255,750

101,980

2,233,890

102,790

20,181,080

13,955,730

982,590

5,242,760

329,420

(X)

127,070

20,150

437,470

360

66,980

30,906,980

790,560

3,112,270

3,056,220

56,050

463,490

355,200

143,320

5,540

592,060

339,090

164,710

(NA)

2,550

16,080

28,250

*422,780

3,520

29,830

*17,280

372,150

8,300

39,540

180

24,467,560

36,260

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (April 2010) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley ........................................................

Corn for grain .............................................

Corn for silage ...........................................

Hay, all 1....................................................

 Alfalfa ....................................................

 All other .................................................

Oats ...........................................................

Proso millet ................................................

Rice ...........................................................

Rye ............................................................

Sorghum for grain ......................................

Sorghum for silage .....................................

Wheat, all 1................................................

 Winter ....................................................

 Durum ....................................................

 Other spring ...........................................

Oilseeds

Canola .......................................................

Cottonseed ................................................

Flaxseed ....................................................

Mustard seed .............................................

Peanuts .....................................................

Rapeseed ..................................................

Safflower ...................................................

Soybeans for beans ...................................

Sunflower ..................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1................................................

 Upland ...................................................

 American Pima ......................................

Sugarbeets ................................................

Sugarcane .................................................

Tobacco .....................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ..................................

Dry edible beans ........................................

Dry edible peas ..........................................

Lentils ........................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ...................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ..........................................

Hops ..........................................................

Peppermint oil ............................................

Potatoes, all 1............................................

 Winter ....................................................

 Spring ....................................................

 Summer .................................................

 Fall ........................................................

Spearmint oil .............................................

Sweet potatoes ..........................................

Taro (Hawaii) .............................................

3.93

10.35

43.28

5.53

7.50

4.45

2.42

1.89

7.94

1.74

4.35

32.48

2.99

2.97

3.02

3.03

2.03

(X)

1.48

1.11

3.82

1.91

1.64

2.96

1.74

0.87

0.86

1.52

57.78

77.01

2.61

1.49

1.94

2.29

1.61

(NA)

1.42

2.67

0.10

*46.29

27.47

32.43

*38.12

47.96

0.15

22.54

(NA)

32.02

4,949,370

333,533,420

98,165,550

133,757,130

64,437,330

69,319,800

1,351,070

223,730

9,972,230

177,630

9,728,220

3,338,440

60,314,290

41,441,590

2,967,640

15,905,060

668,650

3,790,220

188,550

22,390

1,673,010

690

109,760

91,417,300

1,377,320

2,700,070

2,615,090

84,980

26,779,190

27,352,530

373,440

8,260

1,150,310

777,320

265,760

39,640

3,630

42,950

2,890

*19,571,510

96,710

967,100

*658,710

17,849,000

1,220

891,170

1,810

1,160,970

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
10 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2008 2009 2010

(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ......................................................................................... tons

Lemons ............................................................................................ tons

Oranges ........................................................................................... tons

Tangelos (Florida) ............................................................................ tons

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................... tons

Noncitrus

Apples ..........................................................................................pounds

Apricots ............................................................................................ tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

Grapes ............................................................................................. tons

Olives (California) ............................................................................ tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

Peaches ........................................................................................... tons

Pears ............................................................................................... tons

Prunes, dried (California) ................................................................. tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ........................................... tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .......................................................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ............................................................. tons

Pecans, in-shell ............................................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............................................................ tons

Maple syrup ................................................................................. gallons

1,548.0

619.0

10,076.0

68.0

527.0

9,609.3

81.6

17,400.0

7,319.3

66.8

33,500.0

1,135.3

869.9

129.0

15.5

1,630,000.0

32.0

194,080.0

436.0

1,912.0

*1,304.0

*912.0

*9,128.0

52.0

443.0

9,953.6

68.3

15,400.0

7,067.6

42.8

31,300.0

1,105.7

936.2

157.0

18.8

1,390,000.0

47.0

290,500.0

415.0

2,327.0

1,169.0

855.0

8,203.0

41.0

553.0

* Revised.

1 Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010.
Crop Production (April 2010) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season]

Crop

Production

2008 2009 2010

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ......................................................................................

Lemons .........................................................................................

Oranges .........................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) .........................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ...........................................................................................

Apricots .........................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Grapes ..........................................................................................

Olives (California) ..........................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Peaches ........................................................................................

Pears .............................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ...............................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) .........................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .........................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........................................................

Pecans, in-shell .............................................................................

Walnuts in-shell (California) ...........................................................

Maple syrup ...................................................................................

1,404,320

561,550

9,140,790

61,690

478,090

4,358,710

74,040

7,890

6,639,920

60,600

15,200

1,029,940

789,110

117,030

14,060

739,360

29,030

88,030

395,530

9,560

*1,182,970

*827,350

*8,280,780

47,170

401,880

4,514,880

61,980

6,990

6,411,660

38,830

14,200

1,003,090

849,320

142,430

17,060

630,490

42,640

131,770

376,480

11,630

1,060,500

775,640

7,441,640

37,190

501,670

* Revised.

1 Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010.
12 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (April 2010) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

March Weather Summary

Dryness developed or expanded during March in a few areas, including the Great Lakes and the central Gulf Coast region. 

Meanwhile, unusually warm weather from the northern Plains into the Northeast contrasted with cool conditions across 

the Nation’s southern tier. In fact, there was record-setting March warmth (locally more than 10 degrees Fahrenheit above 

normal) in the upper Great Lakes region, while record-low March temperatures (more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit below 

normal) were noted in parts of Florida.

Among the wettest regions was the northern Atlantic coastal plain, where three major March storms (along with another 

system in late February) induced several rounds of flooding. Hardest hit were Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts,

where record-setting monthly precipitation totals of 10 to 18 inches were common. Interestingly, most of the precipitation 

fell in the liquid form, with snow mostly confined to higher elevations of the Northeast.

Meanwhile, most of the South – excluding Florida’s peninsula – dried out during March, promoting an acceleration of 

planting activities for crops such as corn, rice, and sorghum. In most cases, however, cool weather slowed summer crop 

emergence.

Farther north, most of the Midwest received enough precipitation during March to limit pre-planting fieldwork, although 

dryness began to expand across the Great Lakes region. Areas from the eastern Dakotas into the middle Mississippi 

Valley had to contend with spring flooding, triggered by the melting of an extensive snow cover and runoff from 

early-spring rainfall.

Elsewhere, highly variable conditions existed across the Plains and the West. The Rockies received significant 

precipitation, which was especially beneficial in drought-affected northern areas. On the central and southern High Plains, 

pastures and winter wheat benefited from abundant rain and snow. In contrast, California experienced a disappointingly 

dry end to an otherwise adequate wet season, while parts of the northern High Plains trended dry during March.

March Agricultural Summary

March delivered seasonable temperatures to much of the Nation, with average recordings varying from slightly below to 

slightly above normal. In contrast, the Great Lakes and New England continued to experience abnormally warm 

temperatures for a third consecutive month. Average temperatures reached as many as 12 degrees above normal in 

portions of Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Elsewhere, temperatures in parts of Alabama, Georgia, and 

much of Florida were cooler than normal, falling to as many as 9 degrees below average. Much of the country received 

less than normal precipitation during the month. Conversely, above average precipitation continued to fall on locations in 

the Southwest, southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Florida, and along the northern Atlantic Coast where monthly 

accumulations reached 200 percent of normal or more.

Early in the month, row crop producers completed fieldwork where conditions allowed. Excessively wet fields in the 

Southern Low Plains of Texas slowed fieldwork and herbicide applications for cotton producers, while producers in the 

Northern High Plains waited for more favorable soil conditions and warmer temperatures before planting their crop. In 

Oklahoma, seedbed preparation remained behind normal throughout the month for all row crops except peanuts. 

Following the sluggish start to spring fieldwork, corn, cotton, and sorghum planting was underway in several States by 

month’s end.

Small grain seeding was underway well ahead of normal in the major producing areas of Washington early in the month 

despite a limited snowpack and potential lack of irrigation supplies. Although the winter wheat crop in Oklahoma 

benefitted from mid-month precipitation, warmer temperatures were needed to accelerate crop growth. Barley and Durum 

wheat emergence was virtually complete in Arizona by March 21. The majority of Kansas’s winter wheat crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition with minimal insect, freeze, or wind damage. By month’s end, heading was 

evident in South Texas oat fields, as well as barley and Durum wheat fields in Arizona. Some winter wheat fields were 

being harvested for silage in California.
14 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Unseasonably cool temperatures continued to hamper vegetable growth throughout Florida, leading to below normal 

production for a variety of winter crops. Conversely, above average temperatures in the Yakima Valley in Washington 

pushed growing degree days to nearly two weeks ahead of normal. By month’s end, hop plants in Washington were 

emerging and producers were busy stringing their yards. Strawberry fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California were 

setting fruit, while warmer temperatures along the Central Coast aided budding in wine grape vineyards.

Crop Comments

Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2009-2010 United States grapefruit crop is 1.17 million tons, up 1 percent from the 

March 1 forecast but down 10 percent from the revised 2008-2009 final utilization. Florida’s grapefruit production is 

forecast at 19.0 million boxes (808,000 tons), up 1 percent from the March 1 forecast but 12 percent below last season.

The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.50 million boxes (234,000 tons), up 4 percent from March 1 but down 

17 percent from the previous year. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 13.5 million boxes (574,000 tons), is unchanged 

from the March 1 forecast but 11 percent below last season. As of April 1, approximately 73 percent of the white 

grapefruit crop and 90 percent of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested.

The Texas grapefruit forecast, at 5.50 million boxes (220,000 tons) is up slightly from the previous forecast but 

unchanged from last season. California’s grapefruit production forecast is 4.20 million boxes (141,000 tons), unchanged 

from the previous forecast but 13 percent below last season’s revised production.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 553,000 tons, up 8 percent 

from the March 1 forecast and 25 percent above the 2008-2009 crop. California’s tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast 

at 9.10 million boxes (341,000 tons), up 11 percent from the January 1 forecast and up 36 percent from last season’s final 

utilization. If realized, this will be a record crop for California.

The Florida tangerine forecast is 4.10 million boxes (195,000 tons), up 3 percent from the March 1 forecast and up 

6 percent from the previous season. Approximately 89 percent of the Honey tangerines in Florida have been harvested. 

The Arizona tangerine forecast, at 450,000 boxes (17,000 tons), is up 29 percent from the previous forecast and 80 percent 

above last season’s final utilization.

Lemons: The forecast for the 2009-2010 United States lemon crop is 855,000 tons, unchanged from the January 1 

forecast but down 6 percent from last season’s revised utilized production. California production is forecast at 

20.0 million boxes (760,000 tons), unchanged from January 1 but down 5 percent from last season’s revised production. 

The California lemon harvest was complete in the Desert Region, but continued in the Central Valley and began in the 

Coastal Region. Lemon production in Arizona is forecast at 2.50 million boxes (95,000 tons), unchanged from the 

previous forecast but down 17 percent from last season.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 900,000 boxes (41,000 tons), unchanged from the March 1 forecast but down 

22 percent from last season’s final production. If realized, this will be the smallest tangelo crop since 1962, when Florida 

experienced a damaging December freeze.

Florida citrus: High temperatures in the citrus growing regions ranged between 70 and 80 degrees all month. Low 

temperatures were mostly in the 40s. The citrus growing area received heavy, soaking rains in March. Harvesting of 

Murcott tangerines and Valencia oranges continued. Citrus bloom is full and widespread in the southern counties, with 

more buds and fewer open flowers observed in northern areas.

Processing of early and midseason oranges has finished. Valencia oranges and grapefruit make up the majority of fruit 

going to processing plants. Grove activities included harvesting, mowing, insecticide and fertilizer applications, psyllid 

treatment, and brush removal.

Arizona citrus: Lemon harvest was completed in western Arizona in March.
Crop Production (April 2010) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Texas citrus: Citrus fruits continued to be harvested in the Lower Valley. Soil moisture was reported to be adequate 

across most of the State.

California citrus: Citrus trees were being topped. Picking of tangerines, navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons continued, 

while harvesting of Valencia oranges began in the San Joaquin Valley.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Stone fruits throughout the Central Valley, including plums, prunes, peaches, 

cherries, and other early varieties, continued to show widespread bloom. Fungicide sprays were applied to blooming stone 

fruit trees. Pruning of orchards and vineyards was approaching completion. Strawberry and blueberry plantings began 

blooming and out of state raspberry bushes arrived for planting. Strawberries were setting fruit in the San Joaquin Valley. 

Herbicide sprays were applied in Central Valley grape vineyards, while warmer temperatures aided budding of wine grape 

vineyards along the Central Coast. Widespread bloom continued in almond orchards. Considerable petal fall also 

occurred. Due to wet weather earlier in the season, some brown rot was observed in almond orchards. Most growers 

applied protective sprays to limit the impact of spring diseases. Walnut blight applications began in preparation for the 

upcoming walnut bloom. Pest traps were placed in almond orchards and irrigation began in drier areas.

Winter potatoes: California winter potato estimates are combined with spring potatoes beginning in 2010.

Spring potatoes: Production for 2010 is forecast at 25.6 million cwt, up 20 percent from 2009, however beginning in 

2010 California winter and summer season potatoes are included in the spring season total. Area for harvest is forecast at 

89,600 acres, 22 percent more than 2009. The average yield of 286 cwt per acre is down 3 cwt from 2009.

Florida’s production is forecast at 7.55 million cwt, down 2 percent from 2009. Freezing temperatures delayed planting in 

the Hastings area. Late January rainfall resulted in standing water in some fields. Growing conditions were favorable in 

the other potato growing area, with harvest on schedule. California spring potato production is forecast at 11.8 million 

cwt, up 64 percent from last year. Growers reported good conditions and a normal crop year. North Carolina growers are 

expected to produce 3.26 million cwt of spring potatoes, a decrease of 4 percent from 2009. As of March 28, 2010, crop 

condition was rated 100 percent good with topsoil moisture as mostly adequate. Production in Texas is forecast at 

1.97 million cwt, up 1 percent from 2009, while Arizona growers expect production to total 1.04 million cwt, down 

8 percent from last year.

Summer potatoes: The final estimate of 2009 summer potato production is 14.5 million cwt, up slightly from the 

preliminary estimate in the January Crop Production 2009 Summary. Harvested area covered 42,700 acres, down 

1 percent from the 2009 preliminary estimate. The revised average yield of 340 cwt per acre is up 4 cwt from the 2009 

preliminary estimate.
16 Crop Production (April 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the April 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts 

for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based 

on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special 

surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent 

months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which, when combined with the previous 

components, are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers and packers in California and Texas were 

also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural 

Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published April 1 forecast.

Revision policy: The April 1 production forecasts will not be revised. A new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in 

September. The production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including 

information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization 

and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the April 1 production forecasts, the "Root Mean Square Error," 

a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the April 1 production forecast and 

the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final 

end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent 

years.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the April 1 orange production forecast is 2.2 percent. However, if you exclude the 

5 abnormal production seasons (3 freeze seasons and 2 hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 1.8 percent. 

This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final 

estimates by more than 2.2 percent, or 1.8 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent 

confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.9 percent, or 3.1 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.

Changes between the April 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 170,000 tons 

(162,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 7,000 tons to 508,000 tons (7,000 tons to 368,000 tons, 

excluding abnormal seasons). The April 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 

13 times (below 4 times and above 11 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the April 1 

forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production (April 2010) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Shiela Corley – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats.............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Dawn Keen – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215

 Steve Maliszewski – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits.......................................................... (202) 720-5412

 Tierra Mobley – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .................................................... (202) 720-4285

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mints,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Kim Ritchie – Hops.......................................................................................................................... (360) 902-1940
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Receive NASS Updates” box under “Receive reports by 

Email,” click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

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For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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