Reconstituted Wood Product

Manufacturing: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

Issued January 2005

EC02-31I-321219 (RV)

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division under the direction of Judy M.

Dodds, Assistant Division Chief for Census and Related Programs who was responsible for the overall

planning, management, and coordination. Nathaniel Shelton, Chief, Primary Goods Industries Branch,

assisted by Nancy Higgins, Walter Hunter, and Joanna Nguyen, Section Chiefs, and

Raphael Corrado, Tom Flood, Robert Miller, and Robert Rosati, Special Assistants, performed

the planning and implementation. Timothy Althouse, Luis Blanco, Brenda Campbell,

Theresa Crowley, Daphne Kelly, Mai Ngan Le, John Linehan, Madelyn Nieves,

Bridgett Parker-Bell, Dorothy Parsons, Gloria Peebles-Butler, Myss Sykes-Stephens,

Athanasios Theodoropoulos, Denneth Wallace, and Ernest Wilson Jr., provided primary staff

assistance. Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Census and Related Programs Support Branch, assisted by

Kimberly DePhillip, Section Chief, performed overall coordination of the publication process.

Patrick Duck, Michael Flaherty, Taylor C. Murph, Wanda Sledd, and Veronica White provided

primary staff assistance.

Mathematical and statistical techniques, as well as the coverage operations, were provided by

Paul Hsen, Assistant Division Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by Stacey Cole,

Chief, Manufacturing Methodology Branch, and Robert Struble, Section Chief. Jeffrey Dalzell and

Cathy Gregor provided primary staff assistance.

Eddie J. Salyers, Assistant Division Chief of Economic Planning and Coordination Division, was

responsible for overseeing the editing and tabulation procedures and the interactive analytical software.

Dennis Shoemaker and Kim Wortman, Special Assistants, John D. Ward, Chief, Analytical Branch,

and Brandy L. Yarbrough, Chief, Edit Branch, were responsible for developing the systems and

procedures for data collection, editing, review, and correction. Donna L. Hambric, Chief of the

Economic Planning Staff, was responsible for overseeing the systems and information for dissemination.

Douglas J. Miller, Chief, Tables and Dissemination Branch, assisted by Lisa Aispuro, Jamie Fleming,

Keith Fuller, Andrew W. Hait, and Kathy G. Padgett were responsible for developing the data

dissemination systems and procedures.

The Geography Division staff, Robert LaMacchia, Chief, developed geographic coding procedures and

associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Howard R. Hogan, Chief, developed and

coordinated the computer processing systems. Barry F. Sessamen, Assistant Division Chief for Post

Collection, was responsible for design and implementation of the processing system and computer

programs. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Macro Analytical Branch, assisted by Apparao V. Katikineni and

Edward F. Johnson provided computer programming and implementation.

The Systems Support Division provided the table composition system. Robert Joseph Brown, Table

Image Processing System (TIPS) Senior Software Engineer, was responsible for the design and

development of the TIPS, under the supervision of Robert J. Bateman, Assistant Division Chief,

Information Systems.

The staff of the National Processing Center performed mailout preparation and receipt operations,

clerical and analytical review activities, and data entry.

Margaret A. Smith, Bernadette J. Beasley, Michael T. Browne, and Alan R. Plisch of the

Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publication and

printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic

media. General direction and production management were provided by James R. Clark, Assistant

Division Chief, and Susan L. Rappa, Chief, Publications Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation contributed to the

publication of these data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Reconstituted Wood Product

Manufacturing: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

Issued January 2005

EC02-31I-321219 (RV)

U.S. Department of Commerce

Donald L. Evans,

Secretary

Vacant,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Kathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director
Vacant,

Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,

Associate Director

for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

William G. Bostic, Jr.,

Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Kathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director

Hermann Habermann,

Deputy Director and

Chief Operating Officer
 CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census v 

Manufacturing ix 

Tables

1. Historical Statistics for the Industry: 2002 and Earlier Years 1 

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 2002 2 

3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002 3 

4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 2002 4 

5. Industry Statistics by Primary Product Class Specialization:

2002 5 

6a. Products Statistics: 2002 and 1997 6 

6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 2002 and 1997 8 

7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 2002 and 1997 9 

Appendixes

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 

C. Methodology C–1 

D. Geographic Notes  

E. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas  

F. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 2002 to

1997 F–1 

Not applicable for this report.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the

nation’s economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the

general public. Title 13 of the United States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census

Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in “2” and “7.”

The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures

as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes,

and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses

of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and

to assess the effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within

their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to

keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 2002 Economic Census are published primarily according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS was first adopted in the United States, Canada,

and Mexico in 1997. The 2002 Economic Census covers the following NAICS sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Food Services

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially

covered by the census of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the

Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), largely covered by the census of governments conducted

by the Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 100 subsectors (three-digit codes), 317 industry groups

(four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1,179 industries (six-digit codes).

2002 Economic Census Introduction v

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORICAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Prior to the 1997 Economic Census, data were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care

should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are

sector titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The

1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC demonstrates the relationships between

NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it may not be possible to construct time

series that include data for points both before and after 1997.

Most industry classifications remained unchanged between 1997 and 2002, but NAICS 2002

includes substantial revisions within the construction and wholesale trade sectors, and a number

of revisions for the retail trade and information sectors. These changes are noted in industry definitions and will be demonstrated in the Bridge Between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 1997.

For 2002, data for enterprise support establishments (those functioning primarily to support the

activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as a warehouse or a research and

development laboratory) are included in the industry that reflects their activities (such as warehousing). For 1997, such establishments were termed auxiliaries and were excluded from industry

totals.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than

one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location.

Each establishment is assigned a separate industry classification based on its primary activity and

not that of its parent company. (For selected industries, only payroll, employment, and classification are collected for individual establishments, while other data are collected on a consolidated

basis.)

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to

tabulate the census data for states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, and

corporate municipalities (places) including cities, towns, townships, villages, and boroughs.

Respondents were required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county,

and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and

those single-establishment companies that did not provide acceptable information on physical

location), location information from administrative sources is used as a basis for coding.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

All results of the 2002 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site

(www.census.gov) and on digital versatile discs (DVD-ROMs) for sale by the Census Bureau. The

American FactFinder system at the Internet site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the

data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Internet site,

write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6100, or call Customer Services at 301-

763-4100.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and

before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic

census were taken separately at varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on

manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was

expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart

vi Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of

construction, manufacturing, and the other business censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records

also have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the

need to send them census report forms.

The range of industries covered in the economic census expanded between 1967 and 2002. The

census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service

industries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to

include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of

financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census and the

separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity. New for 2002 is coverage of four industries classified in the agriculture,

forestry, and fishing sector under the SIC system: landscape architectural services, landscaping

services, veterinary services, and pet care services.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the

study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. Reports for 1997 were

published primarily on the Internet and copies of 1992 reports are also available there. CD-ROMs

issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases that include all or

nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published

only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications

for the 2002 Economic Census and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 2002 Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the census will be published in the History of the 2002 Economic Census at

www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

2002 Economic Census Introduction vii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

viii Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Manufacturing

SCOPE

The Manufacturing sector (sector 31-33) comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical,

physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products.

The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing,

except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector 23, Construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and

characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker’s

home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises

from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be

included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with

other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are

included in manufacturing.

The materials, substances, or components transformed by manufacturing establishments are raw

materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying, as well as products of other manufacturing establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from

producers, obtained through customary trade channels, or secured without recourse to the market

by transferring the product from one establishment to another, under the same ownership. The

new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for

utilization or consumption, or it may be semifinished to become an input for an establishment

engaged in further manufacturing. For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input

used in the primary production of aluminum; primary aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire

drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire product manufacturing establishment.

The subsectors in the manufacturing sector generally reflect distinct production processes related

to material inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where

assembling is a key activity, parts and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the

industry of the finished manufactured item when they are made for separate sale. For example, a

replacement refrigerator door would be classified with refrigerators and an attachment for a piece

of metal working machinery would be classified with metal working machinery. However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production

function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in

Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing; and stampings are classified in

Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

Manufacturing establishments often perform one or more activities that are classified outside the

manufacturing sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufacturing has some captive research

and development or administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or management.

These captive services are treated the same as captive manufacturing activities. When the services

are provided by separate establishments, they are classified to the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing.

The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The establishments in the manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of

materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing ix

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
considered manufacturing in NAICS: milk bottling and pasteurizing; water bottling and processing; fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, fish filleting); apparel jobbing (assigning of materials

to contract factories or shops for fabrication or other contract operations); as well as contracting

on materials owned by others; printing and related activities; ready-mixed concrete production;

leather converting; grinding of lenses to prescription; wood preserving; electroplating, plating,

metal heat treating, and polishing for the trade; lapidary work for the trade; fabricating signs and

advertising displays; rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery (i.e., automotive parts); ship repair

and renovation; machine shops; and tire retreading.

Exclusions. There are activities that are sometimes considered manufacturing, but for NAICS are

classified in another sector. These activities include logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture,

Forestry, Fishing and Hunting is considered a harvesting operation; the beneficiating of ores and

other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, is considered part of the activity of mining; the

construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors, is classified in Sector 23, Construction; establishments engaged in breaking of bulk and

redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, or bottling products, such as

liquors or chemicals; the customized assembly of computers; sorting of scrap; mixing paints to

customer order; and cutting metals to customer order, classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or

Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product;

and publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, perform the transformation of information into a product where as the value of the product to the consumer lies in the information content, not in the format in which it is distributed

(i.e., the book or software diskette).

The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other

establishments that serve manufacturing establishments within the same organization. Data for

such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For

example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS Sector 55, Management of

Companies and Enterprises.

The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These

“nonemployers,” typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that

they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively small for this sector, may be examined at

www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact.

The reports described below cover all manufacturing establishments with one or more paid

employees.

Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.

REPORTS

The following reports provide statistics on this sector:

Industry Series. There are 473 reports, each covering a single NAICS industry (six-digit code).

These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value

added by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, value of shipments, capital expenditures, etc.

The industry reports also include data for states with 100 employees or more in the industry. The

data in industry reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports.

Geographic Area Series. There are 51 separate reports, one for each state and the District of

Columbia. Each state report presents similar statistics at the “all manufacturing” level for each

state and its metropolitan and micropolitan areas with 250 employees or more, and for counties,

consolidated cities, and places with 500 employees or more. The state reports also include sixdigit NAICS level data for industries with 100 employees or more in the state.

Subject Series:

x Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Industry-Product Analysis Summary. This report presents value of shipments, value of

product shipments, percentage of product shipments of the total value of shipments, and percentage of distribution of value of product shipments on the NAICS six-digit industry level and

by the six- and seven-digit product code levels. It also includes miscellaneous receipts at the

six- and seven-digit product code levels by NAICS six-digit industry levels.

• General Summary. This report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in

one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry and state reports, as well

as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry and state reports.

• Product Summary. This report summarizes the products data published in the industry

reports. This report also includes a table with data for products that are primary to more than

one industry, which are not in the industry reports.

• Materials Summary. This report summarizes the materials data published in the industry

reports.

• Concentration Ratio Summary. This report publishes data on the percentage of value of shipments and value added accounted for by the 4-, 8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each

manufacturing industry. Also shown in this report are Herfindahl-Herschmann indexes for each

industry.

• Location of Manufacturing Plants Summary. This report contains statistics on the number

of establishments for the three-and six-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIP

Code by employment-size of the establishment.

ZIP Code Statistics. This report contain statistics on the number of establishments for the threeand six-digit NAICS industry by employment-size of the establishment by ZIP Code.

Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS,

Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The level of geographic detail varies by report. Maps are available at

www.census.gov/econ2002maps. Notes specific to areas in the state are included in Appendix D,

Geographic Notes.

1. The United States as a whole.

2. States and the District of Columbia.

3. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with 250 employees or more. A core based statistical areas (CBSA) contains a core area with a substantial population nucleus, together with

adjacent communities having a high degree of social and economic integration with that core.

CBSAs are differentiated into metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas based on size criteria. Both metropolitan and micropolitan areas are defined in terms of entire counties, and

are listed in Appendix E, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.

a. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (metro areas). Metro areas have at least one urbanized area of

50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

b. Micropolitan Statistical Areas (micro areas). Micro areas have at least one urban cluster of

at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high

degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

c. Metropolitan Divisions (metro divisions). If specified criteria are met, a metro area containing a single core with a population of 2.5 million or more may be subdivided to form

smaller groupings of counties referred to as Metropolitan Divisions.

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing xi

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
d. Combined Statistical Areas (combined areas). If specified criteria are met, adjacent metro

and micro areas, in various combinations, may become the components of a new set of

areas called Combined Statistical Areas. The areas that combine retain their own designations as metro or micro areas within the larger combined area.

4. Counties and county equivalents defined as of January 1, 2002, with 500 employees or more.

Counties are the primary divisions of states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes and in Alaska where they are called boroughs, census areas, and city and boroughs.

Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have one place or more that is independent of any

county organization and constitutes primary divisions of their states. These places are treated

as counties and as places.

5. Economic places with 500 employees or more.

a. Municipalities of 2,500 inhabitants or more defined as of January 1, 2002. These are areas

of significant population incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages, or towns according to

the 2000 Census of Population. For the economic census, boroughs and census areas in

Alaska and boroughs in New York are not included in this category.

b. Consolidated cities defined as of January 1, 2002. Consolidated cities are consolidated

governments that consist of separately incorporated municipalities.

c. Townships in Michigan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and towns in New York, Wisconsin,

and the six New England states with 10,000 inhabitants or more (according to the 2000

Census of Population).

d. Balance of county. Areas outside the entities listed above, including incorporated municipalities with populations of fewer than 2,500, town and townships not qualifying as noted

above, and the remainders of counties outside places are categorized as “Balance of

county.”

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002

dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior

years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1997 AND 2002 ECONOMIC CENSUSES

Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). While there were revisions to selected industries

for 2002, this sector is not affected by those revisions.

For 2002, there have been several additional data tables added, which did not exist in 1997.

These tables for 2002 include products primary to more than one industry, industry-product

analysis, e-commerce value of shipments, and leased and nonleased detail employment statistics

by subsectors.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be

attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and

classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data. Selected data in tables titled “Detailed Statistics” are based

on the Annual Survey of Manufactures and are subject to sampling errors as well as nonsampling

errors.

xii Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or

misreported data, as by the percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all

phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects

of nonsampling errors. More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C,

Methodology.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

The disclosure analysis for “industry statistics” files is based on the total value of shipments.

When the total value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual

companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. Nonetheless, the suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for

capital expenditures, which can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years

between the economic censuses. The ASM is a probability-based sample of approximately 55,000

establishments and collects many of the same industry statistics (including employment, payroll,

value of shipments, etc.) as the economic census. However, there are selected statistics not

included in the ASM. Among these are the number of companies and establishments, detailed

product and materials data, and substate geographic data. In addition to the ASM, the Census

Bureau conducts the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR program publishes selected

detailed product statistics for selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in

some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) Program, which publishes detailed statistics for

manufacturing industries at the U.S. level.

In addition, the County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county, and Statistics of

U.S. Businesses provides annual statistics classified by the employment size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas.

CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS

Questions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Manufacturing & Construction Division, Information Services Center, 301-763-4673 or ask.census.gov.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include establishments with payroll exceeding revenue

N Not available or not comparable

S Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards

X Not applicable

Z Less than half the unit shown

a 0 to 19 employees

b 20 to 99 employees

c 100 to 249 employees

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing xiii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
e 250 to 499 employees

f 500 to 999 employees

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees

m 100,000 employees or more

p 10 to 19 percent estimated

q 20 to 29 percent estimated

r Revised

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent

nsk Not specified by kind

– Represents zero (page image/print only)

(CC) Consolidated city

(IC) Independent city

xiv Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 1. Historical Statistics for the Industry: 2002 and Earlier Years

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and explanation of

terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and year1

All employees Production workers

Com

panies2

All

estab

lish

ments3 Number4 Payroll($1,000) Number4 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of

materials

($1,000)

Total

value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi

tures

($1,000)

321219, Reconstituted wood product

manufacturing 2002   177 278 22 312 822 130 17 967 38 383 598 280 2 474 749 3 291 696 5 752 530 r

257 669

2001 N N 22 368 786 329 18 137 38 533 584 005 2 308 482 3 064 220 5 404 159 382 041

2000 N N 24 354 861 727 19 954 44 588 639 402 2 917 857 3 311 550 6 202 824 278 443

1999 N N 24 408 838 062 20 164 45 437 633 479 3 247 575 3 274 480 6 513 565 312 375

1998 N N 24 605 806 868 20 120 44 493 602 328 2 654 649 3 111 866 5 770 720 289 633

1997 212 316 25 180 796 931 20 500 44 921 594 692 2 312 624 2 964 023 5 253 425 389 603

1Statistics presented for years ending in 2 and 7 are census data. Interim census years are derived in a representative sample of manufacturing establishments canvassed in the Annual Survey

of Manufactures (ASM). 2For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 3Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

4Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to

protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American

FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 2002

[States that are a disclosure or with less than 100 employees are not shown. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, explanation of

terms, and geographical definitions, see note at end of table. For information on geographic areas followed by *, see Appendix D. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

All establishments2 All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20

em

ploy

ees or

more Number3 Payroll($1,000) Number3 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of

materials

($1,000)

Total

value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi

tures

($1,000)

321219, Reconstituted wood product

manufacturing

United States –  278 195 22 312 822 130 17 967 38 383 598 280 2 474 749 3 291 696 5 752 530 r257 669 Alabama –  8 6 537 19 625 433 1 181 14 875 66 202 93 611 160 171 r

3 471 Arkansas –  5 5 445 16 812 335 817 12 569 38 543 88 959 130 184 6 709 California –  21 12 901 33 485 715 1 542 24 222 83 807 139 257 225 508 r

3 706 Georgia –  16 13 1 376 51 215 1 098 2 264 38 836 166 553 208 510 371 746 r

16 105 Illinois –  10 5 729 24 975 570 1 296 15 811 48 157 90 034 138 666 r

3 426 Indiana 1  11 8 492 16 523 402 779 11 963 28 844 71 907 100 849 2 106 Maine –  5 5 543 19 479 406 824 12 535 65 220 68 328 133 512 r

4 739 Michigan –  14 11 1 154 48 652 918 2 049 35 062 144 177 187 234 328 220 r

10 640 Minnesota –  8 7 1 105 47 802 907 1 957 37 983 134 693 197 785 333 312 r

6 438 Mississippi –  9 8 1 457 50 761 1 139 2 445 30 182 221 682 178 102 394 485 r

13 141

New York 1  5 3 168 6 369 113 230 3 542 19 502 27 687 47 297 r971 North Carolina –  19 19 2 025 73 251 1 575 3 385 49 296 262 179 401 855 661 467 r

22 568 Oregon –  20 18 2 036 82 139 1 746 3 472 65 179 272 547 291 634 563 755 r

13 475 Pennsylvania 1  10 5 508 18 114 420 854 13 658 44 108 43 393 84 485 r

2 457 South Carolina –  8 7 872 29 885 685 1 391 20 516 81 969 129 310 213 254 r

10 933 Texas 1  16 12 1 330 44 843 1 073 2 449 33 928 137 199 202 981 340 137 r

7 690 Virginia –  12 10 1 312 45 139 1 047 2 153 32 679 156 592 155 883 310 679 r

14 686 Washington –  7 4 321 12 505 256 669 8 915 35 587 32 423 69 635 r

2 020 Wisconsin 1  10 7 816 33 053 640 1 297 23 815 93 447 124 708 216 455 r

4 061

1Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data account for 10 percent or more of the

figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C. For geographical definitions, see Appendix D.

2 Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error,

nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Item Value

321219, Reconstituted wood product manufacturing

Companies1number 177

All establishments2number 278

Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number 83

Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number 96

Establishments with 100 employees or more number 99

All employees3 number 22 312

Total compensation  $1,000 1 066 560

Annual payroll  $1,000 822 130

Total fringe benefits  $1,000 244 430

Production workers, average for yearnumber 17 967

Production workers on March 12number 18 005

Production workers on May 12 number 18 242

Production workers on August 12 number 17 868

Production workers on November 12 number 17 684

Production worker hours 1,000 38 383

Production worker wages  $1,000 598 280

Total cost of materials  $1,000 3 291 696

Materials, parts, containers, packaging, etc., used  $1,000 2 777 316

Resales  $1,000 92 951

Purchased fuels  $1,000 148 199

Purchased electricity  $1,000 247 805

Contract work  $1,000 25 425

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh   5 435 926

Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh   D

Total value of shipments  $1,000 5 752 530

Primary products value of shipments  $1,000 5 463 594

Secondary products value of shipments  $1,000 146 728

Total miscellaneous receipts  $1,000 142 208

Value of resales  $1,000 114 911

Contract receipts  $1,000 5 954

Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000 21 343

Primary products specialization ratio  percent 97

Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000   5 563 982

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000   5 463 594

Value of primary products shipments made in other industries $1,000   100 388

Coverage ratio  percent 98

Value added  $1,000 2 474 749

Total inventories, beginning of year  $1,000 440 905

Finished goods inventories $1,000 177 625

Workinprocess inventories  $1,000 29 275

Materials and supplies inventories  $1,000 234 005

Total inventories, end of year $1,000 461 486

Finished goods inventories $1,000 190 976

Workinprocess inventories  $1,000 29 839

Materials and supplies inventories  $1,000 240 671

Gross value of depreciable assets (acquisition costs) at beginning of year $1,000   r5 883 699

Total capital expenditures (new and used)  $1,000 r257 669

Buildings and other structures (new and used) $1,000 r26 247

Machinery and equipment (new and used)  $1,000 r231 422

Automobiles, trucks, etc., for highway use $1,000 r2 208

Computers and peripheral data processing equipment $1,000   r4 318

All other expenditures for machinery and equipment $1,000   r224 896

Total retirements  $1,000 r178 514

Gross value of depreciable assets at end of year $1,000 r5 962 854

Depreciation charges during year  $1,000 r384 958

Total rental payments  $1,000 40 787

Buildings and other structures  $1,000 16 623

Machinery and equipment $1,000 24 164

Total other expenses4  $1,000 369 057

Response coverage ratio5  percent 94

Repair and maintenance services of buildings and/or machinery4  $1,000 107 805

Communications services4  $1,000 5 853

Legal services4  $1,000 2 466

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services4  $1,000 951

Advertising and promotional services4  $1,000 3 934

Expensed computer hardware and supplies and purchased computer services4 $1,000 4 497

Refuse removal (including hazardous waste) services4  $1,000 10 819

Management consulting and administrative services4  $1,000 12 278

Taxes and license fees4  $1,000 23 441

All other expenses4  $1,000 197 457

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November

plus other employees for payroll period that includes the 12th of March. 4Based on 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) sample data.

5A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for

those Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments that reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note 1: The amounts shown for other expenses reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). To maintain confidentiality, the

Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors.

Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For

explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text]

Employment size class

All employees Production workers

E1

All estab lish ments2 Number3 Payroll

($1,000) Number3 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of materials

($1,000)

Total value of shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi tures ($1,000)

321219, Reconstituted wood

product manufacturing

All establishments –  278 22 312 822 130 17 967 38 383 598 280 2 474 749 3 291 696 5 752 530 r257 669

Establishments with

1 to 4 employees 9  35 b D D D D D D D D

5 to 9 employees 8  19 122 4 394 100 210 3 301 14 209 24 024 38 081 D

10 to 19 employees 8  29 395 14 477 312 662 10 246 38 497 49 947 88 274 r1 556

20 to 49 employees 2  47 1 436 53 548 1 117 2 686 35 290 146 986 227 154 373 907 r7 000

50 to 99 employees –  49 3 359 114 752 2 689 5 556 80 800 393 284 562 887 956 636 r18 779

100 to 249 employees –  89 13 060 504 315 10 501 22 736 377 630 1 436 645 2 050 664 3 481 393 r189 037

250 to 499 employees –  9 3 233 106 482 2 720 5 319 79 960 301 167 311 205 608 322 r28 994

500 to 999 employees –  1 fDDDD D D D D

1,000 to 2,499 employees –  ––––– – – – ––

2,500 employees or more –  ––––– – – – ––

Administrative records4  9 68 446 16 292 364 790 12 443 48 747 63 179 111 926 r2 083

1Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data account for 10 percent or more of the

figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March. 4Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respective size classes shown.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

4 Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 5. Industry Statistics by Primary Product Class Specialization: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text]

Industry or

product

class code

Industry or primary product class

All employees Production workers

All

estab

lish

ments1 Number2 Payroll

($1,000) Number2 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of materials

($1,000)

Total value of shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi tures ($1,000)

321219 Reconstituted wood product

manufacturing 278  22 312 822 130 17 967 38 383 598 280 2 474 749 3 291 696 5 752 530 r

257 669

3212191 Particleboard made from

particleboard produced at the same

location 48  5 416 197 407 4 394 9 203 147 376 475 289 672 194 1 142 746 r

120 145 3212192 Waferboard and oriented strandboard 37  5 538 228 880 4 588 10 248 182 579 782 444 1 133 192 1 913 030 r

68 980 3212193 Medium density fiberboard (MDF)

made from MDF produced at the

same location 22  1 935 72 879 1 548 3 186 53 304 200 847 286 081 488 219 r13 255 3212194 Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same location 19  3 286 114 429 2 591 5 504 74 331 479 164 286 680 757 665 r

29 197 3212195 Cellulosic fiberboard (insulating

board) 6  739 25 864 560 1 126 16 622 78 140 45 328 121 405 2 571 3212197 Hardboard made from purchased hardboard 22  1 080 38 218 836 1 705 25 292 90 012 154 860 243 974 r

5 080 3212198 Prefinished particleboard and

medium density fiberboard (MDF)

made from purchased particleboard

and MDF 38  3 318 108 748 2 636 5 600 71 826 280 920 600 840 885 825 r13 622

1Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

2Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 6a. Products Statistics: 2002 and 1997

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers of

products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For

information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Product

code Product

Number of Product shipments

companies with

shipments of

$100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for

all purposes Quantity

Value

($1,000)

321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 2002   N X X 5 563 982

1997 N X X 5 159 801

3212191 Particleboard made from particleboard produced at the same

location2002 N X X 1 164 478

1997 N X X 1 270 675

32121911 Particleboard, industrial, including commercial and shelving,

made from particleboard produced at the same location 2002   N X X 945 293

1997 N X X 1 040 834

3212191111 Particleboard, industrial, including commercial and shelving,

made from particleboard produced at the same location mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 24 X p3 738.8 945 293

1997 20 X 3 723.0 1 040 834

32121912 Particleboard, nonindustrial, made from particleboard

produced at the same location 2002   N X X 174 005

1997 N X X 161 936

3212191221 Particleboard, flooring, including underlayment and

manufactured (mobile) home decking, made from

particleboard produced at the same location mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 14 X p491.0 114 464

1997 9 X 399.8 108 043

3212191291 Other particleboard, including stepping, siding, sheathing,

and door core, made from particleboard produced at the

same location mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 12 X S 59 541

1997 7 X 140.8 53 893

3212191Y Particleboard made from particleboard produced at the same

location, nsk 2002 N X X 45 180

1997 N X X 67 905

3212191YWV Particleboard made from particleboard produced at the

same location, nsk 2002 N X X 45 180

1997 N X X 67 905

3212192 Waferboard and oriented strandboard 2002   N X X 1 894 450 1997 N X X 1 249 636 32121921 Waferboard and oriented strandboard 2002   N X X 1 894 450 1997 N X X 1 208 794 3212192111 Waferboard and oriented strandboard sheathing mil sq ft (3/8 in. basis)  2002 14 X p9 132.1 1 241 084 1997 13 X 6 882.1 796 045 3212192121 Waferboard and oriented strandboard underlayment mil sq ft (3/8 in. basis)  2002 10 X 2 302.1 377 988 1997 8 X 1 155.4 146 499 3212192191 Other waferboard and oriented strandboard mil sq ft (3/8 in. basis)  2002 11 X p1 093.4 275 378 1997 8 X q2 011.4 266 250 3212192Y Waferboard and oriented strandboard, nsk 2002   NXX N 1997 N X X 40 842 3212192YWV Waferboard and oriented strandboard, nsk 2002   NXX N 1997 N X X 40 842

3212193 Medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF produced at the same location 2002 N X X 468 760 1997 N X X 454 350 32121931 Medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF produced at the same location2002 N X X 468 760

1997 N X X 431 795 3212193111 Industrial medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from

MDF produced at the same location mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 12 X p950.9 333 367 1997 10 X 884.9 301 860 3212193191 Other medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF

produced at the same location mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 13 X q358.4 135 393 1997 6 X 349.0 129 935 3212193Y Medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF produced

at the same location, nsk 2002   NXX N 1997 N X X 22 555 3212193YWV Medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF

produced at the same location, nsk 2002   NXX N 1997 N X X 22 555

3212194 Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same location2002 N X X 722 916

1997 N X X 945 403

32121941 Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same

location2002 N X X 722 916

1997 N X X 931 258 3212194115 Standard, service, tempered, and other basic hardboard

(not machined or coated) made from hardboard produced

at the same location mil sq ft (1/8 in. basis)  2002 7 X 996.7 116 012

1997 NNN N

3212194165 Machined, coated, or laminated hardboard, including

molded, cut to size, perforated, panel stock, interior

paneling, siding, furniture stock, etc., made from

hardboard produced at the same location mil sq ft (1/8 in. basis)  2002 13 X S 606 904

1997 NNN N

3212194Y Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same

location, nsk 2002 NXX N

1997 N X X 14 145

3212194YWV Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same

location, nsk 2002 NXX N

1997 N X X 14 145

3212195 Cellulosic fiberboard (insulating board) 2002   N X X 117 793

1997 N X X 140 535 32121951 Cellulosic fiberboard (insulating board) 2002   N X X 117 793

1997 N X X 140 535

3212195100 Cellulosic fiberboard (insulating board) mil sq ft (1/2 in. basis)  2002 5 X p1 024.2 117 793

1997 7 X 1 113.3 140 535

3212197 Hardboard made from purchased hardboard 2002   N X X 232 875

1997 N X X 207 125

32121971 Hardboard made from purchased hardboard 2002   N X X 232 875

1997 N X X 197 644

3212197115 Machined, coated, or laminated hardboard, including

molded, cut to size, perforated, panel stock, doorskins,

garage door panels, siding, and furniture stock, etc., made

from purchased hardboard mil sq ft (1/8 in. basis)  2002 23 X S 69 604

1997 NNN N

See footnotes at end of table.

6 Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 6a. Products Statistics: 2002 and 1997Con.

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers of

products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For

information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Product

code Product

Number of Product shipments

companies with

shipments of

$100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for

all purposes Quantity

Value

($1,000)

321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturingCon.

3212197 Hardboard made from purchased hardboardCon.

32121971 Hardboard made from purchased hardboardCon.

3212197121 Coated or laminated hardboard interior paneling made from

purchased hardboard mil sq ft (1/8 in. basis)  2002 21 X S 163 271

1997 10 X S 116 068

3212197Y Hardboard made from purchased hardboard, nsk 2002   NXX N

1997 N X X 9 481

3212197YWV Hardboard made from purchased hardboard, nsk 2002   NXX N

1997 N X X 9 481

3212198 Prefinished particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF)

made from purchased particleboard and MDF 2002   N X X 753 549

1997 N X X 678 788

32121981 Prefinished particleboard and medium density fiberboard

(MDF) made from purchased particleboard and MDF 2002   N X X 731 002

1997 N X X 578 035

3212198111 Prefinished particleboard made from purchased

particleboard mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 31 X S 549 055

1997 45 X S 447 659

3212198121 Prefinished or coated medium density fiberboard (MDF)

made from purchased MDF mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 27 X S 181 947

1997 32 X S 130 376

3212198Y Prefinished particleboard and medium density fiberboard

(MDF) made from purchased particleboard and MDF, nsk 2002   N X X 22 547

1997 N X X 100 753

3212198YWV Prefinished particleboard and medium density fiberboard

(MDF) made from purchased particleboard and MDF, nsk 2002   N X X 22 547

1997 N X X 100 753

321219W Reconstituted wood product manufacturing, nsk, total 2002   N X X 209 161

1997 N X X 213 289

321219WY Reconstituted wood product manufacturing, nsk, total 2002   N X X 209 161

1997 N X X 213 289

321219WYWW Reconstituted wood product manufacturing, nsk, for

nonadministrativerecord establishments 2002   N X X 87 722

1997 N X X 117 562

321219WYWY Reconstituted wood product manufacturing, nsk, for

administrativerecord establishments 2002   N X X 121 439

1997 N X X 95 727

Note 1: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values that are based on quantityvalue relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p–10 to 19 percent estimated; q–20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 2002 and 1997

[Product classes covered are those that are economically significant and whose production is geographically dispersed, provided dispersion is not approximated by data in Table 2. Also, product classes

are not shown if they are miscellaneous or "not specified by kind" classes. Statistics for some states are withheld because they are either less than $2 million in product class shipments or they disclose

data for individual companies in 2002. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, explanation of terms, and geographic definitions, see

note at end of table. For information on geographic areas followed by *, see Appendix D. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

NAICS product

class code Product class and geographic area Value of product shipments

($1,000)

3212191 Particleboard made from particleboard produced at the same location

United States 2002 1 164 478 1997 1 270 675 California  2002 75 137 1997 69 773 Georgia  2002 103 483 1997 87 059 North Carolina 2002 40 272 1997 49 662 Oregon  2002 312 560 1997 373 016 Pennsylvania 2002 46 075 1997 N South Carolina  2002 94 868 1997 N Wisconsin  2002 29 744 1997 N

3212192 Waferboard and oriented strandboard

United States 2002 1 894 450 1997 1 249 636 Georgia  2002 181 446 1997 138 328 Minnesota  2002 288 588 1997 184 934

3212193 Medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from MDF produced at the same location

United States 2002 468 760 1997 454 350 Arkansas  2002 80 360 1997 N

3212194 Hardboard made from hardboard produced at the same location

United States 2002 722 916 1997 945 403 North Carolina 2002 174 468 1997 146 539 Oregon  2002 105 266 1997 124 776

3212195 Cellulosic fiberboard (insulating board)

United States 2002 117 793 1997 140 535

3212197 Hardboard made from purchased hardboard

United States 2002 232 875

1997 207 125

California  2002 37 879

1997 3 346

Indiana  2002 20 418

1997 23 779

Michigan 2002 33 697

1997 N

North Carolina 2002 22 536

1997 24 538

Pennsylvania 2002 4 993

1997 N

Wisconsin  2002 2 167

1997 N

3212198 Prefinished particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from purchased particleboard and MDF

United States 2002 753 549

1997 678 788

Alabama 2002 27 476

1997 N

Indiana  2002 48 220

1997 34 103

Michigan 2002 32 235

1997 41 973

North Carolina 2002 207 889

1997 49 949

Oregon  2002 69 672

1997 82 718 Texas  2002 23 352 1997 24 324 Washington  2002 27 764 1997 58 208 Wisconsin  2002 50 168 1997 65 576

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C. For geographical definitions, see Appendix D.

8 Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 2002 and 1997

[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality

protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Material code Material consumed Quantity

Delivered cost

($1,000)

321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing

00900001 Total materials 2002 X 2 777 316 1997 X 2 529 153 11331019 Logs and bolts  mil bd ft Intl 1/4 in. scale2002 677.5 140 153 1997 S 80 891

11331021 Pulpwood  1,000 standard cords2002 6 031.3 388 054 1997 p6 811.0 400 579

32100015 Chips, slabs, edgings, sawdust, and other wood waste (excluding planer shavings) 1,000 s tons  2002 7 585.1 227 096 1997 8 062.4 243 438 32100017 Planer shavings  1,000 s tons2002 2 470.4 93 797 1997 4 258.9 156 008 32121909 Hardboard2002 X 84 848 1997 X 91 365

32121907 Medium density fiberboard (MDF) mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 S 121 207 1997 S 62 923

32121903 Particleboard (reconstituted wood) mil sq ft (3/4 in. basis)  2002 S 184 286 1997 S 186 598

32551003 Paints, varnishes, stains, lacquers, shellacs, japans, enamels, and allied products 1,000 gallons  2002 q7 734.6 72 570 1997 p8 083.6 69 488

32552007 Urethane adhesives  mil lb (dry basis)2002 p77.4 45 612 1997 S 36 078 32521141 Urea and melamine resins  mil lb (dry basis)2002 q2 071.2 264 677 1997 p2 465.1 331 136 32521143 Phenolic and other tar acid resins  mil lb (dry basis)2002 758.1 172 650 1997 q446.9 172 516

32410009 Petroleum wax  mil lb2002 290.3 66 097 1997 q334.2 61 173 00190054 Vinyl and paper overlays mil sq ft sm2002 S 137 891 1997 S 98 570

32521113 All other plastics resins consumed in the form of granules, pellets, powders, liquids, etc. 2002 X 58 105 1997 X 8 823

00970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies2002 X 387 495 1997 X 272 641 00971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk 2002 X 332 778 1997 X 256 926

Note 1: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values that are based on quantityvalue relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p–10 to 19 percent estimated; q–20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Reconstituted Wood Product Mfg 9

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-of-year and end-of-year inventories at cost or

market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories was introduced for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to

value inventories using any generally accepted accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a

few). Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first report inventory values prior to the LIFO

adjustment and, then, to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjustment for the

reserve.

Inventory data by stage of fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1)finished goods, (2)work-in-process, and

(3)materials, supplies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for “all industries” and at the three-digit subsector level, it should be noted that an item treated as a finished product by an establishment in one

industry may be reported as a raw material by an establishment in a different industry. For

example, the finished-product inventories of a steel mill would be reported as raw materials by a

stamping plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures by stage of fabrication

shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other

establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc. Includes all raw materials, semifinished goods,

parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as operating supplies and

for repair and maintenance during the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condition.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power. Includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,

whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it

from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the

year.

4. Cost of purchased electricity. The cost of purchased electric energy represents the amount

actually used during the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on

the quantity of electric energy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric

energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract work. This term applies to work done by others on materials furnished by the

manufacturing establishment. The actual cost of the material is to be reported on the cost of

materials, parts, and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘Contract Work’’ refers to the fee a

company pays to another company to perform a service.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Specific materials consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which every establishment was required to report, information also was collected for most manufacturing industries on the consumption of major materials used in manufacturing. The inquiries were restricted to those materials that were important

parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost information was available from manufacturers’ records. If less than $25,000 of a listed material was consumed by an

establishment, the cost data could be reported in the “Cost of all other materials” Census material

code 00970099.

Also, the cost of materials for small establishments for which administrative records or short

forms were used was imputed into the “Materials not specified by kind” Census materials code

00971000.

Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for

all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some

industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of

related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured

product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of

pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate twothirds of the total value of products reported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry

groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials

consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or

geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing

costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries

which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

SELECTED PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments were requested to provide information on

the cost of selected purchased services for the repair and maintenance services of buildings

and/or machinery; communication services; legal services; accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

services; advertising and promotional services; expensed computer hardware and supplies and

purchased computer services; refuse removal services; management consulting and administrative services; taxes and license fees; and all other expenses not previously stated. Each of these

items reflects the costs paid directly by the establishment and excludes salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services. These expenses are normally considered as nonproduction related costs purchased from other companies.

Included in the cost of selected purchased services for the repair and maintenance services of

buildings and/or machinery are payments made for all maintenance and repair work on buildings

and equipment. Payments made to other establishments of the same company and for repair and

maintenance of any leased property also are included. Excluded from this item are extensive

repairs or reconstruction that was capitalized, which is considered capital expenditures; costs

incurred directly by the establishment in using its own work force to perform repairs and maintenance work; and repairs and maintenance provided by the building or machinery owner as part of

the rental contract.

A–2 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Included in the cost of selected purchased services for communication is the actual expense

incurred or payable during the year for any type of communication. Such types of communication

include telephone, data transmission, telegraph, Internet, connectivity, FAX, telex, photo transmission, paging, cellular telephone, on-line access and related services, etc.

Included in the cost of selected purchased services for legal services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services are payments

made to other companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment.

Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected advertising and promotional services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. These include payments for printing, media coverage, and other services and materials. Excluded are the salaries

paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected expensed computer hardware and supplies and purchased computer services are actual expenses incurred or payable during the year for this item. Purchases for

computer hardware and supplies, computer services (software, data transmission, processing services, Web design, etc.) are all included. Excluded are services provided by other establishments

of the same company (such as a separate central data processing unit).

Included in the cost of selected purchased refuse removal services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment, including costs for hazardous waste removal or treatment. Excluded are all costs included in rental payments or as capital expenditures and the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected purchased management consulting and administrative services are

payments made to other companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected purchased taxes and license fees are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment, excluding income,

sales, payroll, and excise taxes. Excluded are also the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Response coverage ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent to which respondents report for an item. The

estimate is made by calculating the ratio value of the weighted total employment data for all the

ASM establishments that report the item to the weighted total employment data for all ASM establishments classified in an industry (reporters and nonreporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortization charged during the year against assets. Depreciation charged against fixed assets acquired since the beginning of the year and against assets

sold or retired during the year are components of this category. Respondents were requested to

make certain that they did not report accumulated depreciation.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period that included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Included are employees on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses.

These individuals comprise of all full-time and part-time employees who are on the payrolls of

establishments who worked or received pay for any part of the pay period including the 12th of

March, May, August, and November.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
The “all employees” number is the average number of production workers plus the number of

other employees in mid-March. The number of production workers is the average for the payroll

periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November

Production Workers

The “production workers” number includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged

in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product

development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and

other services closely associated with these production operations at the establishment covered

by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

The “other employees” covers nonproduction employees of the manufacturing establishment

including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It includes sales

(including driver-salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising, credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria, medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also included are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing

establishment engaged in the construction of major additions or alterations utilized as a separate

work force.

TOTAL FRINGE BENEFITS

This item is the employer’s costs for social security tax, unemployment tax, workmen’s compensation insurance, state disability insurance pension plans, stock purchase plans, union-negotiated

benefits, life insurance premiums, and insurance premiums on hospital and medical plans for

employees.

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and survivors’ insurance,

unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs

include all programs not specifically required by legislation, whether they were employer initiated

or the result of collective bargaining. They include the employer portion of such plans as insurance premiums, premiums for supplemental accident and sickness insurance, pension plans,

supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase plans on which the

employer payment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferred profit-sharing plans. They

exclude such items as company-operated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parking lots,

discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms and work clothing for employees.

GROSS VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS (ACQUISITION COSTS) AT BEGINNING OF YEAR

(BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all census forms.

It shows the value of depreciable assets for the beginning of year (BOY) and end of year (EOY).

The data encompass all fixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments. The values

shown (book value) represent the actual cost of assets at the time they were acquired, including

all costs incurred in making the assets usable (such as transportation and installation). Included

are all buildings, structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office, and transportation

equipment) for which depreciation reserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciable capital

assets including inventories and intangible assets, such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistent with the definition of capital expenditures.

For example, expenditures include actual capital outlays during the year rather than the final

value of equipment put in place and buildings completed during the year.

Accordingly, the value of assets at the end of the year includes the value of construction in

progress.

A–4 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
In addition, respondents were requested to make certain that assets at the beginning of the year

plus capital expenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the end of the year.

ESTABLISHMENT

An establishment is a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or

industrial operations are performed. Data in this sector includes those establishments where

manufacturing is performed. A separate report was required for each manufacturing establishment (plant) with one employee or more that were in operation at any time during the year.

An establishment not in operation for any portion of the year was requested to return the report

form with the proper notation in the “Operational Status” section of the form. In addition, the

establishment was requested to report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories,

or shipments from inventories during the year.

Company

A company or (“enterprise”) is comprised of all the establishments that operate under the ownership or control of a single organization. A company may be a business, service, or membership

organization; consist of one or several establishments; and operate at one or several locations. It

includes all subsidiary organizations, all establishments that are majority-owned by the company

or any subsidiary, and all the establishments that can be directed or managed by the company or

any subsidiary.

A company may have one or many establishments. Examples include product and service sales

offices (retail and wholesale), industrial production plants, processing or assembly operations,

mines or well sites, and support operations (such as an administrative office, warehouse, customer service center, or regional headquarters). Each establishment should receive, complete, and

return a separate census form.

If the company operated at different physical locations, even if the individual locations were producing the same line of goods, a separate report was requested for each location. If the company

operated in two or more distinct lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate report

was requested for each activity.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing

establishments paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they could follow the definition

of payrolls used for calculating the federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation,

such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and

compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total includes salaries of

officers of corporations; it excludes payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the

active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all federal statistical agencies by the Office of Management and Budget. It should be noted that this definition does not

include employers’ social security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supplemental labor costs (those required by federal and state laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective bargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS United States industries are identified by a six-digit code. The longer code accommodates

the large number of sectors and allows more flexibility in designing subsectors. Each product or

service is assigned a ten-digit code. The product coding structure represents an extension by the

Census Bureau of the six-digit industry classifications of the manufacturing and mining sectors.

The classification system operates so that the industrial coverage is progressively narrower with

the successive addition of digits.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
As in previous censuses, data were collected for most industries on the quantity and value of individual products shipped. Since the 1997 census programs, information is collected on the output

of almost 10,000 individual product items.

In the manufacturing sector for 2002, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86 industry

groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries (five-digit NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (six-digit NAICS). Product classes and

products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned codes based on the industry from

which they originate. There are 1,450 product classes (seven-digit codes), 5,674 census products,

and an additional 3,746 ten-digit product codes. The ten-digit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same first six digits.

The list of products for which separate information was collected was prepared after consultation

with industry and government representatives.

Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories, so that comparable 1992 information is presented for most products.

Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity

was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only value of shipments was collected.

Shipments include both commercial shipments and transfers of products to other plants of the

same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same company, separate information on interplant transfers also was

collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a large degree within the same establishment as

materials or components in the fabrication of other products, total production and often consumption of the item within the plant (quantity produced and consumed) was collected. Typically,

the information on production also was collected for products for which there are significant differences between total production and shipments in a given year because of wide fluctuations in

finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles

were used as appropriate and feasible.

PRODUCTION-WORKER HOURS

This item covers all hours worked or paid for at the manufacturing plant, including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or

sick leave when the employee was not at the establishment.

QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY PURCHASED FOR HEAT AND POWER

Data on the cost of purchased electric energy were collected on all census forms. However, data

on the quantity of purchased electric energy were collected only on the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) form. In addition, information is collected on the quantity of electric energy generated

by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the

same company.

RENTAL PAYMENTS

Total rental payments are collected on all census forms. However, the breakdown between rental

payments for buildings and other structures and rental payments for machinery and equipment is

collected only on the ASM forms. This item includes rental payments for the use of all items for

which depreciation reserves would be maintained, if they were owned by the establishment, e.g.,

structures and buildings, and production, office, and transportation equipment. Excluded are royalties and other payments for the use of intangibles and depletable assets and land rents where

separable.

When an establishment of a multiestablishment company was charged rent by another part of the

same company for the use of assets owned by the company, it was instructed to exclude that cost

from rental payments.

A–6 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
However, the book value (original cost) of these company-owned assets was to be reported as

assets of the establishment at the end of the year.

If there were assets at an establishment rented from another company and the rents were paid

centrally by the head office of the establishment, the company was instructed to report these

rental payments as if they were paid directly by the establishment.

RETIREMENTS OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS

Included in this item is the gross value of assets sold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc., during

the calendar year. When a complete operation or establishment changed ownership, the respondent was instructed to report the value of the assets sold at the original cost as recorded in the

books of the seller. The respondent also was requested to report retirements of equipment or

structures owned by a parent company that the establishment was using as if it were a tenant.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR NEW AND USED PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Represents the total new and used capital expenditures reported by establishments in operation

and any known plants under construction.

These data include expenditures for:

1. Permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing and mining establishments.

2. New and used machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity, if they are of the type for which depreciation, depletion, or (for mining establishments)

Office of Minerals Exploration accounts are ordinarily maintained. In addition, for mining

establishments, these data include expenditures made during the year for development and

exploration of mineral properties. For manufacturing establishments, these data are broken

down into three types.

a. Automobiles, trucks, etc. for highway use. These include vehicles acquired under a leasepurchase agreement and excludes vehicles leased or normally designed to transport materials, property, or equipment on mining, construction, petroleum development, and similar

projects. These vehicles are of such size or weight as to be normally restricted by state

laws or regulations from operating on public highways. It also excludes purchases of

vehicles that are purchased by a company for highway use.

b. Computers and peripheral data processing equipment. This item include all purchases of

computers and related equipment.

c. All other expenditures for machinery and equipment excluding automobiles and computer

equipment.

Capital expenditures include work done by contract, as well as by the establishment’s own workforce.

These data exclude expenditures for land and mineral rights and cost of maintenance and repairs

charged as current operating expenses.

VALUE ADDED

This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies,

containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the value of shipments (products

manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the

addition of value added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between the sales value

and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the

net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginning- and end-of-year inventories.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value

added is adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and

end of year. For those industries where value of work done is collected, the value added does not

include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in-process inventories.

“Value added” avoids the duplication in the figure for value of shipments that results from the use

of products of some establishments as materials by others. Value added is considered to be the

best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of manufacturing

among industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and

taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts,

such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and

sales of products bought and sold without further processing. Included are all items made by or

for the establishments from material owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the

same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant

on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the

materials.

In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferred to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial

value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of “all

other costs” (including company overhead) and profit.

In addition to the value for NAICS defined products, aggregates of the following categories of miscellaneous receipts are reported as part of a total establishment’s value of product shipments:

Reported contract work — receipts for work or services that a plant performed for others on their

materials. Value of resales — sales of products brought and sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly. Other miscellaneous receipts — such as repair work, installation, sales of

scrap, etc.

Industry primary product value of shipments represents one of the three components of value of

shipments. These components are: Primary products value of shipments. Secondary product value

of shipments. Total miscellaneous receipts.

Primary product shipments is used in the calculations of industry specialization ratio and industry

coverage ratio. The term “Value of primary products shipments made in this industry” is used in

this publication and refers to the same data.

Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for

all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since, the products of some

industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of

related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured

product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of

pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate twothirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry

groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials

consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or

geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing

costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry.

A–8 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries that

included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at

the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

Specialization and coverage ratio

These items are not collected on the report forms, but are derived from the data shown in Table 3.

An establishment is classified in a particular industry, if its shipments of primary products of that

industry exceed in value its shipments of the products of any other single industry.

An establishment’s shipments include those products assigned to an industry (primary products),

those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and receipts for miscellaneous

activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.).

Specialization and coverage ratio have been developed to measure the relationship of primary

product shipments to the data on shipments for the industry shown in Tables 1 through 5 and

data on product shipments shown in Tables 6a and 6b.

Specialization ratio represents the ratio of primary product shipments to total product shipments

(primary and secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the establishments classified in the

industry.

Coverage ratio represents the ratio of primary products shipped by the establishments classified

in the industry to the total shipments of such products that are shipped by all manufacturing

establishments wherever classified.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–9

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

321219 RECONSTITUTED WOOD PRODUCT MANUFACTURING

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing reconstituted

wood sheets and boards.

Manufacturing Appendix B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Methodology

SOURCES OF THE DATA

The manufacturing sector includes approximately 350,000 establishments. This number includes

those industries in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definition of manufacturing. The amount of information requested from manufacturing establishments was dependent upon a number of factors. The more important considerations were the size of the company

and whether it was included in the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM).

Establishments in the 2002 Economic Census are divided into those sent report forms and those

not sent report forms. The coverage of and the method of obtaining census information from each

are described below:

1. Establishments sent a report form:

a. ASM sample establishments. This group accounts for approximately 15 percent of all

manufacturing establishments. The ASM panel covers all the units of large manufacturing

establishments, as well as a sample of the medium and smaller establishments. The probability of selection was proportionate to size. For more information, see the Description of

the ASM Survey Sample.

In an economic census year, the ASM report form (MA-10000) replaces the first page of the

regular census form for those establishments included in the ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested on the regular census

form, establishments in the ASM sample were requested to supply additional information

on gross book value of assets and capital expenditures. ASM establishments were also

requested to provide information on retirements, depreciation, rental payments, and

supplemental labor costs. For establishments not included in the ASM, these additional

items were estimated using relationships observed in the ASM establishment data. The census statistics for these variables are a sum of the ASM establishment data and the estimated data for non-ASM establishments. ASM establishments were also requested to provide information for selected purchased services. The census statistics for the purchased

service items were derived solely from the ASM establishments. See Appendix A. Explanation of Terms, for an explanation of these items. The census part of the report form is 1 of

220 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of this many forms to canvass the 473 manufacturing

industries. Each form was developed for a group of related industries.

Appearing on each form was a list of products primary to the group of related industries,

as well as secondary products and miscellaneous services that establishments classified in

these industries were likely to perform. Respondents were requested to identify the products, the value of each product, and, in certain cases, the quantity of the product shipped

during the survey year. Space also was provided for the respondent to describe products

not specifically identified on the form.

The report form also contained a materials-consumed inquiry, which varied from form to

form depending on the industries being canvassed. The respondents were asked to review

a list of materials generally used in their production processes. From this list, each establishment was requested to identify those materials consumed during the survey year, the

cost of each, and, in certain cases, the quantity consumed. Once again, space was provided

Manufacturing Appendix C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
for the respondent to describe significant materials not listed on the form.

A wide variety of special inquiries were included to measure activities peculiar to a given

industry, such as operations performed and equipment used.

b. Large and medium establishments (non-ASM). Approximately 30 percent of all manufacturing establishments were included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on administrativerecord payroll data and determined on an industry-by-industry basis, was used to select

those establishments that were to receive 1 of the 220 economic census — manufacturing

regular forms. The first page, requesting establishment data for items such as employment

and payroll, was standard but did not contain the detailed statistics included on the ASM

form. The product, material, and special inquiry sections supplied were based on the historical industry classification of the establishment.

c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM). This group includes approximately 15

percent of all manufacturing establishments. For those industries where application of the

variable cutoff for administrative-record cases resulted in a large number of small establishments being included in the mail canvass, an abbreviated “short form” was used. These

establishments received 1 of the 31 versions of the short form, which requested summary

product and material data and totals but no details on employment, payroll, cost of materials, inventories, and capital expenditures.

Use of the short form has no adverse effect on published totals for the industry statistics,

because the same data were collected on the short form as on the long form. However,

detailed information on products and materials consumed was not collected on the short

form; thus, its use would increase the value of the “not specified by kind” (nsk) categories.

2. Establishments not sent a report form:

a. Small single-establishment companies not sent a report form. Approximately 40 percent of

the manufacturing establishments were small single-establishment companies that were

excused from filing a census report. Selection of these establishments was based on two

factors: annual payroll and the Census Bureau’s ability to assign the correct six-digit NAICS

industry classification to the establishment. For each six-digit NAICS industry code, an

annual payroll cutoff was determined. These cutoffs were derived so that the establishments with payroll less than the cutoff were expected to account for no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for the industry. Generally, all single-establishment companies with less than 5 employees were excused, while all establishments with more than 20

employees were mailed forms. Establishments below the cutoff that could not be directly

assigned a six-digit NAICS code were mailed a classification report that requested information for assigning NAICS industry codes. Establishments below the cutoff that could be

directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were excused from filing any report. For below cutoff establishments, information on the physical location, payroll, and receipts was obtained

from the administrative records of other federal agencies under special arrangements that

safeguarded their confidentiality.

Estimates of data for these small establishments were developed using industry averages

in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of shipments and cost of

materials were not distributed among specific products and materials for these establishments, but were included in the product and material “not specified by kind” (nsk) categories.

The industry classification codes included in the administrative-record files were assigned

on the basis of brief descriptions of the general activity of the establishment. As a result,

an indeterminate number of establishments were erroneously coded to a six-digit NAICS

industry. This was especially true whenever there was a relatively fine line of demarcation

between industries or between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing activity.

Sometimes the administrative-record cases had only two- or three-digit NAICS group classification codes available in the files. For manufacturing, these establishments were sent a

C–2 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
separate classification form, which requested information on the products and services of

the establishment. This form was used to code many of these establishments to the appropriate six-digit NAICS level. Establishments that did not return the classification form were

coded later to those six-digit NAICS industries identified as “All other” industries within the

given subsector.

As a result of these situations, a number of small establishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no significant effect on the

statistics, other than on the number of companies and establishments.

The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation rather than a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees

or more are far more reliable than the count of total number of establishments.

b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to federal income tax, with no paid employees, during 2002 are excluded as in previous censuses. Data for nonemployers are not included in

this report, but are released in the annual Nonemployer Statistics series.

The report forms used to collect information for establishments in this sector are available at

help.econ.census.gov/econhelp/resources/.

A more detailed examination of census methodology is presented in the History of the Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

The classifications for all establishments covered in the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing

are classified in 1 of 473 industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), United States, 2002 manual. There were no changes

between the 2002 edition and the 1997 edition affecting this sector. When applicable, Appendix F

of this report shows the product class and product comparability between the two systems for

data in this report.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as a group of establishments that have similar production processes. To the extent practical, the system uses supply-based or productionoriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, and number of

employees.

The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with

successive additions of numerical digits. In the manufacturing sector for 2002, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86 industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries (five-digit

NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (sixdigit NAICS). Product classes and products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned

codes based on the industry from which they originate. There are 1,450 product classes (sevendigit codes), 5,674 census products, and an additional 3,746 ten-digit product codes. The tendigit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same first six digits.

For the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing, all establishments were classified in particular

industries based on the products they produced. If an establishment made products of more than

one industry, it was classified in the industry with the largest product value. For 2002, there were

no “resistance rules” or “frozen industries.”

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with certainty weights are reclassified

by industry only if the change in the primary activity from the prior year is significant or if the

change has occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents reclassification when there

are minor shifts in product mix.

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted

from one industry classification to another. They are retained in the industry where they were classified in the base census year. However, in the following census year, these ASM plants are

allowed to shift from one industry to another.

Manufacturing Appendix C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
The results of these rules covering the switching of plants from one industry classification to

another are that some industries comprise different mixes of establishments in different survey

years. Hence, comparisons between prior-year and current-year published totals, particularly at

the six-digit NAICS level, should be viewed with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison between the data shown for a census year versus the data shown for the previous ASM year.

As previously noted, the small establishments that may have been misclassified by industry are

usually administrative-record cases whose industry codes were assigned on the basis of incomplete descriptions of the general activity of the establishment. Such possible misclassifications

have no significant effect on the statistics other than on the number of companies and establishments.

Establishments frequently make products classified both in their industry (primary products) and

other industries (secondary products). Industry statistics (employment, payroll, value added by

manufacture, value of shipments, etc.) reflect the activities of the establishments that may make

both primary and secondary products. Product statistics, however, represent the output of all

establishments without regard for the classification of the producing establishment. For this reason, when relating the industry statistics, especially the value of shipments, to the product statistics, the composition of the industry’s output should be considered.

The extent to which industry and product statistics may be matched with each other is measured

by the primary product specialization ratio and the coverage ratio. The primary product specialization ratio is the proportion of industry shipments accounted for by the primary products of

establishments classified in the industry. The coverage ratio is the proportion of product shipments accounted for by establishments classified in the industry.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing is conducted on an establishment basis. A company

operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each location or establishment. The ASM also is conducted on an establishment basis, but separate reports are filed for

just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in distinctly different lines

of activity at one location are requested to submit separate reports, if the plant records permit

such a separation and if the activities are substantial in size.

In 2002, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit was set for inclusion of establishments in the

census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during the census year are

included. The same size limitation has applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys of

manufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of

products were excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947 does not appreciably

affect the historical comparability of the census figures, except for data on number of establishments for a few industries.

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing excludes data for central administrative offices

(CAOs). These would include separately operated administrative offices, warehouses, garages, and

other auxiliary units that service manufacturing establishments of the same company. These data

are published in a separate report series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM SURVEY SAMPLE

The ASM sample is drawn for the second survey year after a census. The most recent sample was

drawn for the 1999 survey year based on the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing. This

sample will be in place through the 2003 ASM.

In 1997, there were approximately 370,000 individual manufacturing establishments. For sample

efficiency and cost considerations, the establishments in the 1997 manufacturing population were

partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the ASM. The details of each are

described below:

1. Mail stratum. The mail stratum of the survey is comprised of larger single-location manufacturing companies and all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies (companies

C–4 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
that operate at more than one physical location). Approximately 200,000 of the 370,000

establishments in the 1997 census were assigned to the mail stratum. On an annual basis, the

mail stratum is supplemented with larger, newly active single-location companies identified

from a list provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and new manufacturing locations of

multiunit companies identified from the Census Bureau’s Company Organization Survey (COS).

For the 1999 survey, a new sample of approximately 58,000 individual establishments was

selected from the mail stratum assembled from the 1997 census. Supplemental samples representing both 1998 and 1999 births (newly active establishments that were not included in

the 1997 census) were also selected. Establishments selected for the sample are mailed an

ASM survey questionnaire for each year through 2003.

The 1999-2003 ASM sample design is similar to the one used since 1984. Companies in the

1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing with manufacturing shipments of at least $500 million were defined as company certainties. For these large companies, each manufacturing

establishment is included in the mail sample. For the 1999-2003 sample, there are approximately 500 certainty companies collectively accounting for over 18,000 establishments.

For the remaining portion of the mail component of the survey, the establishment was defined

as the sample unit. All establishments with 250 employees or more were defined as employment certainties. Across these arbitrary certainty classes, there were approximately 25,000

establishments included in the sample with certainty. Collectively, these certainty establishments accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value of shipments in the 1997

Economic Census — Manufacturing.

Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the mail stratum were sampled with probabilities ranging from .02 to 1.00. The initial probabilities of selection assigned to these

establishments were proportionate to a measure-of-size determined for each establishment.

The measure-of-size was a function of the establishment’s 1997 industry classification and its

1997 product class data. For each product class (1,755) and six-digit industry (473), a desired

reliability constraint was specified. Using a technique developed by Dr. James R. Chromy of

the Research Triangle Institute, the initial establishment probabilities were optimized such

that the expected sample satisfied all industry and product class reliability constraints, while

the sample size was minimized. This technique reduces the likelihood of selecting nonrepresentative samples for individual product classes or industries.

This method of assigning probabilities based on product class shipments is motivated by the

Census Bureau’s primary desire to produce reliable estimates of both product class and industry shipments. The high correlation between shipments and employment, value-added, and

other general statistics assures that these variables will also be well represented by the

sample. The actual sample selection procedure uses an independent chance of selection

method (Poisson sampling) that permits us to prevent small establishments from being

selected in consecutive samples without introducing a bias into the survey estimates.

2. Nonmail stratum. The initial nonmail component of the survey was comprised of approximately 170,000 small, single-establishment companies that were tabulated as administrative

records in the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing. The nonmail stratum is also supplemented annually using the list of newly active single-location companies provided by the

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and payroll cutoffs. Companies with payroll below the payroll

cutoff are added to the nonmail stratum. For this portion of the population, sampling is not

used. The data for this group are estimated based on selected information obtained annually

from the administrative records of the IRS and Social Security Administration (SSA). This

administrative information, which includes payroll, total employment, industry classification,

and physical location, is obtained under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of

both tax and census records.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled in the economic census are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors

can be attributed to many sources during the development or execution of the census. The following are two ways that further explain this method: ASM Estimating Procedure. Most of the ASM

Manufacturing Appendix C C–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
estimates derived for the mail stratum are computed using a difference estimator. At the establishment level, there is a strong correlation between the current-year data values and the corresponding 1997 (base) data values. Therefore, within the mailed stratum, for each item at each level of

aggregation, an estimate of the “difference” between the current year and the base year is computed from sample cases and added to the corresponding base-year values. For the 1998-2002

ASM estimates, the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing values serve as the base year. For

the 2003 ASM, the base will be updated to be the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing.

Due to the positive year-to-year correlation, estimates derived using this methodology are generally more reliable than comparable estimates developed from the current sample data alone. Estimates for the capital expenditures variables are not generated using the difference estimator

because the year-to-year correlations are considerably weaker. The standard linear estimator is

used for these variables.

For the nonmail stratum, estimates for payroll and employment are directly tabulated from the

administrative-record data provided by IRS and SSA. Estimates of data other than payroll and

employment are developed from industry averages. Although the nonmail stratum contained

approximately 170,000 individual establishments in 1999, it accounts for less than 2 percent of

the estimate for total value of shipments at the total manufacturing level.

Corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail components are combined to produce the estimates included in this publication. ASM Data Qualifications. The estimates developed from the

sample are apt to differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the

sample lists, but otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample

survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates.

The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of many similar probability samples that, by

chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the possible samples

would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically comparable, complete-coverage

values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data for selected ASM statistics in this report. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard

errors divided by the estimated values to which they refer).

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals (ranges that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples).

The complete-coverage value would be included in the range:

• From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about twothirds of all possible samples.

• From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19

out of 20 of all possible samples.

• From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly

all samples.

An inference that the comparable, complete-survey result would be within the indicated ranges

would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore,

may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would

differ from complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

C–6 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard

error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately

67 percent confidence that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete-coverage total,

about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the completecoverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational

errors: errors of collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for nonresponse, etc.

These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under the

same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals

shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the

data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. The

total errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures

shown in the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent

may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of

acceptable reliability.

DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

Data for cost of materials and value of shipments include varying amounts of duplication, especially at higher levels of aggregation. This is because the products of one establishment may be

the materials of another. The value added statistics avoid this duplication and are, for most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF INDUSTRY SHIPMENTS COMPARED WITH VALUE OF PRODUCT SHIPMENTS

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing shows value of shipments data for industries and

products. In the industry statistics tables and files, these data represent the total value of shipments of all establishments classified in a particular industry. The data include the shipments of

the products classified in the industry (primary to the industry), products classified in other industries (secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts (repair work, sale of scrap, research

and development, installation receipts, and resales). Value of product shipments shown in the

products statistics tables and files represent the total value of all products shipped that are classified as primary to an industry regardless of the classification of the producing establishment.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files is based on the total value of shipments.

When the total value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual

companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. Nonetheless, the suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for

capital expenditures, which can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

Manufacturing Appendix C C–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan Areas and Micropolitan

Statistical Areas

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix F.

Comparability of Product Classes and

Product Codes: 2002 to 1997

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3211131 3211131 3211131

3211131111 3211131111 3211131111

3211131121 3211131121 3211131121

3211131131 3211131131 3211131131

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3211131YWV 3211131YWV 3211131YWV

3211133 3211133 3211133

3211133111 3211133111 3211133111

3211133121 3211133121 3211133121

3211133131 3211133131 3211133131

3211133241 3211133241 3211133241

3211133351 3211133351 3211133351

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3211135 3211135 3211135 3211135111 3211135111 3211135111 3211135121 3211135121 3211135121 3211135231 3211135231 3211135231 3211135241 3211135241 3211135241 3211135YWV 3211135YWV 3211135YWV

3211137 3211137 3211137

3211137111 3211137111 3211137111

3211137121 3211137121 3211137121

3211137131 3211137131 3211137131

3211137141 3211137141 3211137141

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321113W 321113W 321113W 321113WYWW 321113WYWW 321113WYWW 321113WYWY 321113WYWY 321113WYWY

3211141 3211141 3211141 3211141121 3211141121 3211141121 3211141133 pt 3211141133 pt 3211141111 3211141133 pt 3211141133 pt 3211141131 3211141141 3211141141 3211141141 3211141151 3211141151 3211141151 3211141161 3211141161 3211141161 3211141171 3211141171 3211141171 3211141YWV 3211141YWV 3211141YWV

3211145 3211145 3211145

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3211145141 3211145141 3211145141

3211145151 3211145151 3211145151

3211145161 3211145161 3211145161

3211145171 3211145171 3211145171

3211145191 3211145191 3211145191

3211145YWV 3211145YWV 3211145YWV

3211149 3211149 3211149 3211149111 3211149111 3211149111 3211149121 3211149121 3211149121 3211149191 3211149191 3211149191 3211149YWV 3211149YWV 3211149YWV

321114W 321114W 321114W 321114WYWW 321114WYWW 321114WYWW 321114WYWY 321114WYWY 321114WYWY

3212111 3212111 3212111

3212111111 3212111111 3212111111

3212111221 3212111221 3212111221

3212111231 3212111231 3212111231

3212111241 3212111241 3212111241

3212111251 3212111251 3212111251 3212111261 3212111261 3212111261 3212111YWV 3212111YWV 3212111YWV

3212113 3212113 3212113

3212113111 3212113111 3212113111

3212113221 3212113221 3212113221

3212113231 3212113231 3212113231

3212113291 3212113291 3212113291

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3212115 3212115 3212115 3212115100 3212115100 3212115100

3212117 3212117 3212117

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3212117291 3212117291 3212117291

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3212121 3212121 3212121 3212121100 3212121100 3212121100

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3212123 pt 3212123 pt 3212123

3212123 pt 3212123 pt 321212W pt 3212123111 3212123111 3212123111 3212123221 3212123221 3212123221 3212123331 3212123331 3212123331 3212123541 3212123441 3212123441 3212123551 3212123451 3212123451 3212123561 pt 3212123461 pt 3212123YWV pt

3212123561 pt 3212123461 pt 321212WYWW pt

3212123561 pt 3212123461 pt 321212WYWY pt 3212123YWV 3212123YWV 3212123YWV pt

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3212128 pt 3212127 pt 3212127

3212128 pt 3212127 pt 3212129

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321212W 321212W 321212W pt

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321212WYWY 321212WYWY 321212WYWY pt

3212130 3212130 3212130

3212130111 3212130111 3212130111

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3212130231 3212130231 3212130231

3212130241 3212130241 3212130241

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3212130YWY 3212130YWY 3212130YWY

3212140 3212140 3212140

3212140111 3212140111 3212140111

3212140121 3212140121 3212140121

3212140131 3212140131 3212140131

3212140YWW 3212140YWW 3212140YWW

3212140YWY 3212140YWY 3212140YWY

3212191 3212191 3212191

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3212191291 3212191291 3212191291

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3212193 3212193 3212193

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3212194 3212194 3212194

3212194115 pt 3212194115 pt 3212194111 3212194115 pt 3212194115 pt 3212194121 3212194165 pt 3212194165 pt 3212194131 3212194165 pt 3212194165 pt 3212194141

3212194165 pt 3212194165 pt 3212194151

3212194165 pt 3212194165 pt 3212194161

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3212195 3212195 3212195

3212195100 3212195100 3212195100

3212197 3212197 3212197

3212197115 pt 3212197115 pt 3212197111

3212197115 pt 3212197115 pt 3212197131

3212197121 3212197121 3212197121 3212197YWV 3212197YWV 3212197YWV

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321219W pt 321219W 321219W

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

321219W pt 3219125 pt 3219125 pt

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3219111241 3219111241 3219111241

3219111351 3219111351 3219111351

3219111361 3219111361 3219111361

3219111391 3219111391 3219111391

3219111YWV 3219111YWV 3219111YWV

3219113 3219113 3219113 3219113111 3219113111 3219113111 3219113121 3219113121 3219113121 3219113YWV 3219113YWV 3219113YWV

3219115 3219115 3219115

3219115111 3219115111 3219115111

3219115121 3219115121 3219115121

3219115YWV 3219115YWV 3219115YWV

3219117 3219117 3219117 3219117111 3219117111 3219117111 3219117115 3219117115 3219117115 3219117121 3219117121 3219117121 3219117131 3219117131 3219117131 3219117135 3219117135 3219117135 3219117141 3219117141 3219117141 3219117145 3219117145 3219117145 3219117151 3219117151 3219117151 3219117155 3219117155 3219117155 3219117161 3219117161 3219117161 3219117171 3219117171 3219117171 3219117YWV 3219117YWV 3219117YWV

3219119 3219119 3219119 3219119111 3219119111 3219119111 3219119121 3219119121 3219119121 3219119131 3219119131 3219119131 3219119141 3219119141 3219119141 3219119151 3219119151 3219119151 3219119191 3219119191 3219119191 3219119YWV 3219119YWV 3219119YWV

321911W 321911W 321911W

321911WYWW 321911WYWW 321911WYWW

321911WYWY 321911WYWY 321911WYWY

3219121 3219121 3219121 3219121111 3219121111 3219121111 3219121121 3219121121 3219121121 3219121131 3219121131 3219121131 3219121141 3219121141 3219121141 3219121151 3219121151 3219121151 3219121YWV 3219121YWV 3219121YWV

3219123 3219123 3219123 3219123111 3219123111 3219123111 3219123121 3219123121 3219123121 3219123131 3219123131 3219123131 3219123141 3219123141 3219123141 3219123151 3219123151 3219123151 3219123161 3219123161 3219123161 3219123171 3219123171 3219123171 3219123YWV 3219123YWV 3219123YWV

3219126 3219125 pt 3219125 pt 3219126111 3219125111 3219125111 3219126115 3219125115 3219125115 3219126221 3219125221 3219125221 3219126225 3219125225 3219125225 3219126441 3219125441 3219125441 3219126449 pt 3219125449 pt 3219125444 3219126449 pt 3219125449 pt 3219125447 3219126YWV 3219125YWV pt 3219125YWV pt

3219128 3219127 pt 3219127 pt

3219128111 3219127111 3219127111

3219128121 3219127121 3219127121

3219128132 3219127132 3219127131 pt

3219128YWV 3219127YWV 3219127YWV

3219129 3219129 3219129 3219129111 3219129111 3219129111

3219129121 3219129121 3219129121

3219129131 3219129131 3219129131

3219129YWV 3219129YWV 3219129YWV

321912W 321912W pt 321912W pt

321912WYWW 321912WYWW pt 321912WYWW pt

321912WYWY 321912WYWY pt 321912WYWY pt

Manufacturing Appendix F F–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3219181 3219181 3219181

3219181111 3219181111 3219181111

3219181121 3219181121 3219181121

3219181131 3219181131 3219181131

3219181YWV 3219181YWV 3219181YWV

3219183 3219183 3219183

3219183100 pt 3219183100 pt 3219183111

3219183100 pt 3219183100 pt 3219183121

3219183100 pt 3219183100 pt 3219183YWV

3219185 3219185 3219185

3219185111 3219185111 3219185111

3219185121 3219185121 3219185121

3219185131 3219185131 3219185131

3219185141 3219185141 3219185141

3219185151 3219185151 3219185151

3219185181 pt 3219185181 pt 3219185161

3219185181 pt 3219185181 pt 3219185191

3219185YWV 3219185YWV 3219185YWV

3219187 3219187 3219187

3219187111 3219187111 3219187111

3219187121 3219187121 3219187121

3219187131 3219187131 3219187131

3219187241 3219187241 3219187241

3219187251 3219187251 3219187251

3219187291 3219187291 3219187291

3219187YWV 3219187YWV 3219187YWV

321918W 321918W 321918W

321918WYWW 321918WYWW 321918WYWW

321918WYWY 321918WYWY 321918WYWY

3219201 3219201 3219201 3219201111 3219201111 3219201111 3219201121 3219201121 3219201121 3219201YWV 3219201YWV 3219201YWV

3219203 3219203 3219203

3219203111 3219203111 3219203111

3219203121 3219203121 3219203121

3219203131 3219203131 3219203131

3219203YWV 3219203YWV 3219203YWV

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3219205 3219205 3219205

3219205111 3219205111 3219205111

3219205221 3219205221 3219205221

3219205231 3219205231 3219205231

3219205241 3219205241 3219205241

3219205YWV 3219205YWV 3219205YWV

3219207 3219207 3219207

3219207111 3219207111 3219207111

3219207121 3219207121 3219207121

3219207131 3219207131 3219207131

3219207141 3219207141 3219207141

3219207151 3219207151 3219207151

3219207191 3219207191 3219207191

3219207YWV 3219207YWV 3219207YWV

321920W 321920W 321920W

321920WYWW 321920WYWW 321920WYWW

321920WYWY 321920WYWY 321920WYWY

3219911 3219911 3219911

3219911111 3219911111 3219911111

3219911121 3219911121 3219911121

3219911231 3219911231 3219911231

3219911241 3219911241 3219911241

3219911351 3219911351 3219911351

3219911YWV 3219911YWV 3219911YWV

3219915 3219915 3219915 3219915111 3219915111 3219915111 3219915121 3219915121 3219915121 3219915YWV 3219915YWV 3219915YWV

321991W 321991W 321991W

321991WYWW 321991WYWW 321991WYWW

321991WYWY 321991WYWY 321991WYWY

3219921 3219921 3219921

3219921111 3219921111 3219921111

3219921121 3219921121 3219921121

3219921YWV 3219921YWV 3219921YWV

3219923 3219923 3219923 3219923111 3219923111 3219923111 3219923121 3219923121 3219923121

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3219923131 3219923131 3219923131

3219923YWV 3219923YWV 3219923YWV

3219925 3219925 3219925

3219925115 pt 3219925115 pt 3219925111

3219925115 pt 3219925115 pt 3219925121

3219925131 3219925131 3219925131

3219925YWV 3219925YWV 3219925YWV

3219927 3219927 3219927

3219927111 3219927111 3219927111

3219927221 3219927221 3219927221

3219927YWV 3219927YWV 3219927YWV

321992W 321992W 321992W

321992WYWW 321992WYWW 321992WYWW

321992WYWY 321992WYWY 321992WYWY

3219990 3219990 pt 3219990 pt

3219990111 3219990111 3219990111 3219990114 3219990114 3219990114 3219990121 3219990121 3219990121 3219990124 3219990124 3219990124 3219990127 3219990127 3219990127 3219990131 3219990131 3219990131 3219990134 3219990134 3219990134 3219990137 3219990137 3219990137 3219990144 3219990144 3219990144 3219990147 3219990147 3219990147

3219990151 3219990151 3219990151

3219990154 3219990154 3219990154 3219990157 3219990157 3219990157 3219990161 3219990161 3219990161 3219990164 3219990164 3219990164 3219990167 3219990167 3219990167

3219990171 3219990171 3219990171

3219990174 3219990174 3219990174

3219990193 3219990193 3219990191 pt

3219990194 3219990194 3219990191 pt

3219990195 pt 3219990195 pt 3219990141

3219990195 pt 3219990195 pt 3219990191 pt

3219990YWW 3219990YWW pt 3219990YWW pt

3219990YWY 3219990YWY pt 3219990YWY pt

F–2 Appendix F Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
EC02-31I-321219 (RV) 2002 Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing: 2002 2002 Economic Census Manufacturing Industry Series USCENSUSBUREAU