Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released May 10, 2013, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Down 10 Percent from 2012

Orange Production Unchanged from April

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.49 billion bushels, down 10 percent from 2012. Area harvested for grain is 

forecast at 32.7 million acres, down 6 percent from last year. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 

45.4 bushels per acre, down 1.8 bushels from the previous year.

Hard Red Winter production, at 768 million bushels, is down 23 percent from a year ago. Soft Red Winter, at 501 million 

bushels, is up 19 percent from 2012. White Winter, at 217 million bushels, is down 2 percent from a year ago. Of the 

White Winter production, 11.4 million bushels are Hard White and 205 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2012-2013 season is 8.60 million tons, unchanged from the previous 

forecast but down 4 percent from the 2011-2012 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 138 million boxes 

(6.21 million tons), is unchanged from the April forecast but down 6 percent from last season’s final utilization. Early, 

midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 67.0 million boxes (3.02 million tons), unchanged from the April 

forecast but down 10 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 71.0 million boxes (3.20 million 

tons), is unchanged from the April forecast but down 2 percent from last season’s final utilization. Rainfall during the 

month helped ease drought conditions during April. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from 

April.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2012-2013 season is 1.60 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the April forecast and down 2 percent from last season’s final yield of 

1.63 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 1 percent from last season’s final 

yield of 1.53 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.69 gallons per box, 3 percent lower than last year’s 

final yield of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar 

to those of the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on May 10, 2013.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Joseph W. Glauber

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (May 2013) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2012 and Forecasted May 1, 2013 ................................................................... 6

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2011-2013......................................................... 7

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2011-2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Taro Area in Crop and Production – Hawaii: 2011 and 2012............................................................................................... 10

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 ............................................. 11

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2011 and 2012.................................................................................. 11

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 

2011 and 2012....................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2011 and 2012........................................ 14

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 ................................................. 15

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 .................................................. 16

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2008-2012................................................................................................ 16

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................ 17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013................... 18

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013 ....................... 20

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013 .................................................................. 22

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013....................................................................... 23

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map ................................................................................................................................... 24

Departure from Normal Temperature Map........................................................................................................................... 24

April Weather Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 25

April Agricultural Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 25

Crop Comments.................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................30

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................32
Crop Production (May 2013) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ................................

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Georgia ..................................

Idaho ......................................

Illinois .....................................

Indiana ...................................

Kansas ...................................

Kentucky .................................

Maryland .................................

Michigan .................................

Mississippi ..............................

Missouri ..................................

Montana .................................

Nebraska ................................

New York ................................

North Carolina ........................

North Dakota ..........................

Ohio ........................................

Oklahoma ...............................

Oregon ...................................

Pennsylvania ..........................

South Carolina ........................

South Dakota ..........................

Tennessee ..............................

Texas .....................................

Virginia ...................................

Washington ............................

Wisconsin ...............................

Other States 1.........................

United States ..........................

450

310

2,170

230

740

645

300

9,100

470

210

540

345

690

2,170

1,300

85

750

730

450

4,300

785

145

220

1,210

340

3,000

240

1,670

245

994

34,834

580

320

1,770

350

740

800

420

8,100

560

245

550

375

950

2,040

1,300

110

920

340

600

3,800

790

175

230

900

470

2,000

270

1,710

290

1,004

32,709

55.0

85.0

34.0

49.0

80.0

63.0

67.0

42.0

62.0

68.0

76.0

57.0

57.0

39.0

41.0

63.0

57.0

55.0

69.0

36.0

66.0

65.0

53.0

50.0

63.0

32.0

65.0

71.0

75.0

48.4

47.2

55.0

85.0

35.0

50.0

76.0

63.0

66.0

37.0

66.0

67.0

74.0

56.0

53.0

41.0

33.0

67.0

59.0

52.0

64.0

30.0

67.0

63.0

51.0

33.0

65.0

27.0

62.0

68.0

64.0

47.7

45.4

24,750

26,350

73,780

11,270

59,200

40,635

20,100

382,200

29,140

14,280

41,040

19,665

39,330

84,630

53,300

5,355

42,750

40,150

31,050

154,800

51,810

9,425

11,660

60,500

21,420

96,000

15,600

118,570

18,375

48,067

1,645,202

31,900

27,200

61,950

17,500

56,240

50,400

27,720

299,700

36,960

16,415

40,700

21,000

50,350

83,640

42,900

7,370

54,280

17,680

38,400

114,000

52,930

11,025

11,730

29,700

30,550

54,000

16,740

116,280

18,560

47,937

1,485,757

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2013 Summary report.
6 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2013

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage

released June 2013. Yield and production will be published in Crop Production released July 2013]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona .................................

California ..............................

Montana ................................

North Dakota .........................

Other States 1.......................

United States ........................

104

135

515

1,330

18

2,102

64

85

95.0

105.0

28.0

32.0

51.2

39.0

105.0

105.0

9,880

14,175

14,420

42,560

921

81,956

6,720

8,925

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2013 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2012 and Forecasted May 1, 2013

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2012 2013

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ....................................

Soft red .....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Spring

Hard red ....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Durum .......................................

Total .........................................

1,003,856

419,801

13,250

208,295

504,520

8,465

28,974

81,956

2,269,117

768,027

500,901

11,388

205,441
Crop Production (May 2013) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2011-2013

State

December 1 May 1

2011 2012 2012 2013

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama .........................................

Arizona ...........................................

Arkansas ........................................

California ........................................

Colorado .........................................

Connecticut ....................................

Delaware ........................................

Florida ............................................

Georgia ..........................................

Idaho ..............................................

Illinois .............................................

Indiana ...........................................

Iowa ................................................

Kansas ...........................................

Kentucky .........................................

Louisiana ........................................

Maine .............................................

Maryland .........................................

Massachusetts ................................

Michigan .........................................

Minnesota .......................................

Mississippi ......................................

Missouri ..........................................

Montana .........................................

Nebraska ........................................

Nevada ...........................................

New Hampshire ..............................

New Jersey .....................................

New Mexico ....................................

New York ........................................

North Carolina ................................

North Dakota ..................................

Ohio ................................................

Oklahoma .......................................

Oregon ...........................................

Pennsylvania ..................................

Rhode Island ..................................

South Carolina ................................

South Dakota ..................................

Tennessee ......................................

Texas .............................................

Utah ................................................

Vermont ..........................................

Virginia ...........................................

Washington ....................................

West Virginia ..................................

Wisconsin .......................................

Wyoming ........................................

United States ..................................

1,385

250

1,550

1,640

1,800

55

13

400

800

2,000

980

1,300

2,750

3,900

3,840

540

133

360

71

1,500

3,800

1,486

5,450

4,900

4,275

830

49

81

575

1,800

1,175

6,100

1,778

2,800

2,200

1,950

8

400

8,400

3,101

3,800

1,420

215

2,500

1,460

953

2,653

1,300

90,726

1,620

240

1,150

1,900

1,600

52

17

470

1,200

2,100

1,050

900

1,840

3,000

3,400

905

127

310

81

850

2,800

1,365

4,600

3,800

3,050

650

49

119

600

1,800

1,200

4,500

1,200

2,900

1,700

1,700

7

440

4,300

2,700

6,100

900

200

2,300

1,200

795

1,810

950

76,547

269

35

340

240

230

12

4

42

169

700

300

165

500

650

775

70

35

80

15

360

900

251

1,025

1,550

1,070

238

13

12

120

327

369

1,700

308

500

275

450

1

80

2,400

716

950

350

45

900

230

285

925

400

21,381

215

35

170

320

360

7

3

25

250

570

155

110

290

460

470

150

22

75

12

140

490

200

600

860

610

140

10

15

105

150

240

880

140

700

230

300

1

110

850

425

1,650

230

36

410

180

145

410

200

14,156
8 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

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Crop Production (May 2013) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2011-2012 and

Forecasted May 1, 2013

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2011-2012 2012-2013 2011-2012 2012-2013

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and Navel 2

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3 4.............................................

California 3 4..........................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons 3

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

45,500

74,200

1,108

120,808

13,000

72,500

311

85,811

58,500

146,700

1,419

206,619

5,350

13,500

4,000

18,850

4,800

27,650

200

10,900

4,290

15,390

750

20,500

21,250

1,150

45,500

67,000

1,260

113,760

12,500

71,000

295

83,795

58,000

138,000

1,555

197,555

5,300

13,000

4,100

18,300

5,500

27,900

200

13,500

3,400

17,100

1,800

20,000

21,800

1,000

1,820

3,339

47

5,206

520

3,263

13

3,796

2,340

6,602

60

9,002

228

574

160

802

192

1,154

8

436

204

648

30

820

850

52

1,820

3,015

54

4,889

500

3,195

13

3,708

2,320

6,210

67

8,597

225

553

164

778

220

1,162

8

540

162

710

72

800

872

45

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in 

Arizona and California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80; tangelos-90.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
10 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and 

Forecasted May 1, 2013

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona ......................

California ...................

Florida ........................

 Hastings area 1.......

 Other areas 1..........

North Carolina ............

Texas 2.......................

United States .............

4.0

29.5

37.0

23.5

13.5

16.5

9.8

96.8

3.8

24.0

30.9

(NA)

(NA)

14.5

(NA)

73.2

3.7

29.0

36.6

23.3

13.3

16.0

9.3

94.6

3.8

24.0

29.7

(NA)

(NA)

13.5

(NA)

71.0

225

400

244

240

250

200

235

283

280

390

240

(NA)

(NA)

320

(NA)

308

833

11,600

8,917

5,592

3,325

3,200

2,186

26,736

1,064

9,360

7,128

(NA)

(NA)

4,320

(NA)

21,872

(NA) Not available.

1 Estimates discontinued in 2013.

2 Beginning in 2013, Spring estimates included in Summer total.

Taro Area in Crop and Production – Hawaii: 2011 and 2012

State

Area in crop Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Hawaii ........................................... 485 400 4,100 3,500
Crop Production (May 2013) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .........................................

Georgia ...............................................

Kentucky ..............................................

Massachusetts .....................................

North Carolina .....................................

Ohio .....................................................

Pennsylvania .......................................

South Carolina .....................................

Tennessee ...........................................

Virginia ................................................

United States .......................................

2,070

11,900

77,500

570

162,300

1,600

9,700

15,500

22,000

21,900

325,040

2,090

10,000

87,200

375

166,100

1,900

9,600

12,000

23,900

23,080

336,245

1,461

2,250

2,221

1,570

1,550

2,100

2,129

1,700

2,062

2,197

1,841

1,829

2,250

2,245

1,661

2,295

2,100

2,394

2,100

2,218

2,322

2,268

3,024

26,775

172,140

895

251,565

3,360

20,655

26,350

45,363

48,125

598,252

3,822

22,500

195,800

623

381,190

3,990

22,985

25,200

53,000

53,599

762,709

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Price per pound Value of production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ...........................................................

Georgia .................................................................

Kentucky ................................................................

Massachusetts .......................................................

North Carolina .......................................................

Ohio .......................................................................

Pennsylvania .........................................................

South Carolina .......................................................

Tennessee .............................................................

Virginia ..................................................................

United States 1.......................................................

(D)

1.740

1.934

(D)

1.679

1.690

1.710

1.660

2.157

1.685

1.847

(D)

1.950

2.085

(D)

1.980

1.890

1.892

1.940

2.259

2.029

2.071

(D)

46,589

332,993

(D)

422,380

5,678

35,314

43,741

97,859

81,089

1,104,907

(D)

43,875

408,217

(D)

754,836

7,541

43,487

48,888

119,745

108,752

1,579,450

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1 Excludes estimated 2012 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts.
12 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and 

United States: 2011 and 2012

Class, type, and State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 

pounds)

(1,000 

pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ..................................................................................

North Carolina ........................................................................

South Carolina .......................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ............................................................................

 North Carolina ....................................................................

 Ohio ...................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

 Tennessee .........................................................................

 Virginia ...............................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) .................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) .........................................

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) ......................................................

All tobacco

United States .........................................................................

11,900

160,000

15,500

19,500

206,900

9,100

6,900

400

16,400

64,000

2,300

1,600

5,000

14,000

2,000

88,900

3,000

91,900

4,400

1,100

5,500

1,700

1,350

440

1,790

720

130

850

4,340

325,040

10,000

164,000

12,000

20,000

206,000

9,000

6,900

380

16,280

74,000

2,100

1,900

4,700

16,000

2,700

101,400

2,900

104,300

4,200

1,000

5,200

2,000

1,600

300

1,900

(D)

(D)

565

4,465

336,245

2,250

1,550

1,700

2,230

1,666

3,400

2,890

2,100

3,154

2,000

1,550

2,100

2,200

1,610

1,900

1,938

2,000

1,940

3,000

2,620

2,924

2,150

1,600

1,680

1,620

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,745

1,841

2,250

2,300

2,100

2,400

2,296

3,500

3,100

2,300

3,302

2,050

1,900

2,100

2,450

1,810

1,750

2,021

2,300

2,028

3,000

2,650

2,933

2,400

1,800

1,750

1,792

(D)

(D)

1,841

2,071

2,268

26,775

248,000

26,350

43,485

344,610

30,940

19,941

840

51,721

128,000

3,565

3,360

11,000

22,540

3,800

172,265

6,000

178,265

13,200

2,882

16,082

3,655

2,160

739

2,899

864

156

1,020

7,574

598,252

22,500

377,200

25,200

48,000

472,900

31,500

21,390

874

53,764

151,700

3,990

3,990

11,515

28,960

4,725

204,880

6,670

211,550

12,600

2,650

15,250

4,800

2,880

525

3,405

(D)

(D)

1,040

9,245

762,709

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (May 2013) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and 

United States: 2011 and 2012 (continued)

Class, type, and State

Price per pound

pound

Value of production

production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ....................................................................................

North Carolina ..........................................................................

South Carolina ..........................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ...............................................................................

 North Carolina ......................................................................

 Ohio ......................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

 Tennessee ............................................................................

 Virginia .................................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) ....................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) .........................................................

All tobacco 1

United States ............................................................................

1.740

1.680

1.660

1.670

1.682

2.550

2.590

2.030

2.557

1.750

1.610

1.690

1.800

1.760

1.780

1.751

1.550

1.744

2.280

2.270

2.278

1.700

6.200

6.200

6.200

(D)

(D)

20.873

6.004

1.847

1.950

1.980

1.940

2.040

1.983

2.560

2.630

1.960

2.578

1.970

2.000

1.890

1.950

1.980

1.930

1.968

1.750

1.962

2.280

2.320

2.287

1.950

6.600

6.200

6.538

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

2.071

46,589

416,640

43,741

72,620

579,590

78,897

51,647

1,705

132,249

224,000

5,740

5,678

19,800

39,670

6,764

301,652

9,300

310,952

30,096

6,542

36,638

6,214

13,392

4,582

17,974

(D)

(D)

21,290

45,478

1,104,907

43,875

746,856

48,888

97,920

937,539

80,640

56,256

1,713

138,609

298,849

7,980

7,541

22,454

57,341

9,119

403,284

11,673

414,957

28,728

6,148

34,876

9,360

19,008

3,255

22,263

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

1,579,450

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1

The 2012 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown.
14 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

Type and State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas ..................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

460.0

250.0

680.0

182.0

122.0

1,600.0

80.0

295.0

630.0

375.0

70.0

805.0

415.0

303.0

495.0

7,550.0

116.0

14,428.0

10.0

274.0

3.4

20.0

307.4

460.0

260.0

680.0

456.0

122.0

1,600.0

80.0

295.0

630.0

375.0

73.4

805.0

415.0

303.0

495.0

7,570.0

116.0

14,735.4

380.0

200.0

595.0

142.0

108.0

1,290.0

56.0

230.0

475.0

350.0

45.0

585.0

305.0

299.0

380.0

6,550.0

86.0

12,076.0

3.0

225.0

2.4

8.0

238.4

380.0

203.0

595.0

367.0

108.0

1,290.0

56.0

230.0

475.0

350.0

47.4

585.0

305.0

299.0

380.0

6,558.0

86.0

12,314.4

443.0

248.0

660.0

181.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

58.0

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,850.0

115.0

9,156.0

10.0

273.0

3.4

18.5

304.9

443.0

258.0

660.0

454.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

61.4

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,868.5

115.0

9,460.9

378.0

197.0

585.0

141.0

107.0

1,280.0

54.0

225.0

470.0

330.0

38.0

580.0

140.0

298.0

377.0

3,850.0

85.0

9,135.0

3.0

224.0

2.3

7.5

236.8

378.0

200.0

585.0

365.0

107.0

1,280.0

54.0

225.0

470.0

330.0

40.3

580.0

140.0

298.0

377.0

3,857.5

85.0

9,371.8

742

1,548

929

1,474

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,059

616

597

828

796

589

676

772

960

1,380

875

1,038

1,340

742

1,526

929

1,418

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,049

616

597

828

796

592

676

790

946

1,474

1,064

1,729

897

1,091

622

1,020

1,014

1,063

1,061

1,014

531

955

946

623

1,118

869

1,168

1,614

1,043

928

1,581

946

1,470

1,064

1,658

897

1,091

622

1,020

1,014

1,063

1,060

1,014

531

955

946

624

1,118

887
Crop Production (May 2013) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

Type and State

Production in

480-pound net weight

bales 1

Lint seed

ratio 2

Bales ginned in

480-pound net weight

bales 3

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 bales) (1,000 bales) (ratio) (ratio) (bales) (bales)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas .................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

685.0

800.0

1,277.0

556.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

128.0

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,500.0

162.0

14,722.0

20.0

785.0

6.2

40.0

851.2

685.0

820.0

1,277.0

1,341.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

134.2

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,540.0

162.0

15,573.2

745.0

605.0

1,297.0

508.0

200.0

2,910.0

70.0

478.0

993.0

731.0

84.0

1,225.0

155.0

593.0

743.0

5,000.0

198.0

16,535.0

7.3

753.0

5.0

14.5

779.8

745.0

612.3

1,297.0

1,261.0

200.0

2,910.0

70.0

478.0

993.0

731.0

89.0

1,225.0

155.0

593.0

743.0

5,014.5

198.0

17,314.8

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.412

(NA)

(NA)

0.442

(NA)

0.431

0.415

(NA)

(NA)

0.437

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.409

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.411

(NA)

(NA)

0.439

(NA)

0.426

0.411

(NA)

(NA)

0.440

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.414

(NA)

(NA)

702,350

755,050

1,226,750

599,450

136,500

2,496,950

71,050

524,900

1,173,400

779,250

62,900

1,063,450

71,450

499,400

827,700

3,577,700

140,800

14,709,050

20,500

783,200

7,650

37,600

848,950

702,350

775,550

1,226,750

1,382,650

136,500

2,496,950

71,050

524,900

1,173,400

779,250

70,550

1,063,450

71,450

499,400

827,700

3,615,300

140,800

15,558,000

788,350

557,600

1,270,100

556,300

134,600

2,947,150

73,950

485,450

935,050

774,450

39,300

1,270,100

121,000

562,500

749,000

5,061,350

180,600

16,506,850

7,600

752,450

5,900

13,350

779,300

788,350

565,200

1,270,100

1,308,750

134,600

2,947,150

73,950

485,450

935,050

774,450

45,200

1,270,100

121,000

562,500

749,000

5,074,700

180,600

17,286,150

(NA) Not available.

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2 Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average.

3 Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement.
16 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Production

Farm disposition

Seed for

planting Sales to 2

oil mills Other 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama ......................

Arizona ........................

Arkansas ......................

California .....................

Florida ..........................

Georgia ........................

Kansas .........................

Louisiana .....................

Mississippi ...................

Missouri .......................

New Mexico .................

North Carolina ..............

Oklahoma ....................

South Carolina .............

Tennessee ...................

Texas ...........................

Virginia .........................

United States ...............

215.0

299.0

437.0

565.0

53.0

756.0

26.0

166.0

421.0

341.0

45.0

313.0

31.0

154.0

272.0

1,228.0

48.0

5,370.0

227.0

205.0

450.0

469.0

61.0

875.0

25.0

158.0

335.0

256.0

31.0

379.0

54.0

175.0

239.0

1,669.0

58.0

5,666.0

35.0

-

355.0

92.0

52.0

407.0

-

132.0

318.0

232.0

-

29.0

23.0

64.0

244.0

712.0

-

2,695.0

24.0

-

339.0

130.0

59.0

425.0

-

133.0

285.0

172.0

-

59.0

45.0

92.0

212.0

1,010.0

-

2,985.0

180.0

299.0

82.0

473.0

1.0

349.0

26.0

34.0

103.0

109.0

45.0

284.0

8.0

90.0

28.0

516.0

48.0

2,675.0

203.0

205.0

111.0

339.0

2.0

450.0

25.0

25.0

50.0

84.0

31.0

320.0

9.0

83.0

27.0

659.0

58.0

2,681.0

1.9

1.5

3.9

3.3

0.5

6.3

0.3

1.5

3.4

2.3

0.4

3.6

1.7

1.2

2.5

40.0

0.5

74.8

1.8

1.2

1.8

2.5

0.6

6.4

0.2

1.1

2.0

1.8

0.3

2.8

0.9

1.2

1.8

34.0

0.4

60.8

- Represents zero.

1

Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.

2

Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.

Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2012. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2008-2012

State 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

Arkansas ..............................

Georgia ................................

Louisiana .............................

Mississippi ...........................

North Carolina ......................

Texas ...................................

144

146

147

118

195

65

198

186

135

116

150

37

99

139

118

107

188

63

93

99

148

100

277

66

110

158

212

110

119

41
Crop Production (May 2013) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2008-2012

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs 

per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State and month 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Georgia

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Louisiana

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Mississippi

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

North Carolina

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Texas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

943

810

852

846

846

587

613

733

742

742

655

578

579

579

579

909

679

728

722

722

667

652

702

704

704

633

513

579

573

570

1,051

814

803

794

794

571

731

712

737

740

714

792

756

788

788

925

833

717

722

722

701

730

779

777

777

613

522

502

502

502

911

893

897

894

894

609

606

686

683

683

699

755

789

781

781

864

773

776

776

776

681

675

689

689

689

658

534

589

589

589

901

845

867

868

868

531

577

659

665

666

938

948

949

949

949

898

848

874

875

875

553

610

646

646

646

540

478

515

520

520

841

852

856

856

856

656

646

756

768

768

855

880

900

900

900

883

855

896

896

892

727

739

865

872

872

535

443

522

549

552
18 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

3,637

97,155

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,760

335

2,699

1,300

6,244

(NA)

55,736

41,324

2,123

12,289

1,765.0

(X)

344

51.1

1,638.0

2.2

169.8

77,198

1,919.0

12,314.4

12,076.0

238.4

1,230.1

(NA)

(NA)

19.0

1,742.5

649.0

463.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,148.3

96.8

49.8

1,001.7

(NA)

130.5

(NA)

3,634

97,282

(NA)

2,901

2,611

7,620

56,440

41,988

1,751

12,701

1,653.7

(X)

272

1,191.0

77,126

1,684.0

10,026.0

9,820.0

206.0

1,201.1

(NA)

19.0

1,500.0

850.0

335.0

73.2

122.3

3,244

87,375

7,379

56,260

17,292

38,968

1,045

205

2,678

248

4,955

363

48,991

34,834

2,102

12,055

1,729.0

(X)

336

49.7

1,608.0

2.1

160.1

76,104

1,841.0

9,371.8

9,135.0

236.8

1,204.2

896.0

336.2

13.7

1,690.4

621.0

450.0

(NA)

6.1

31.9

76.0

1,132.7

94.6

48.5

989.6

20.0

126.6

0.4

56,419

32,709

349.6

71.0

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (May 2013) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 3........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 3............................................................................... bales

 Upland 3................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 3................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 3....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 3......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 3........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

67.9

123.4

15.4

2.13

3.01

1.74

61.3

15.1

7,449

28.0

49.8

11.4

46.3

47.2

39.0

45.0

1,416

(X)

17.1

602

4,192

2,205

1,121

39.6

1,513

887

869

1,581

29.3

35.9

2,268

1,219

1,889

1,751

1,178

(NA)

1,180

1,918

87

412

283

368

427

120

209

(NA)

45.4

308

220,284

10,780,296

113,450

119,878

52,049

67,829

64,024

3,090

199,479

6,944

246,932

4,135

2,269,117

1,645,202

81,956

541,959

2,447,410

5,666.0

5,762

29,930

6,741,400

4,630

179,424

3,014,998

2,785,695

17,314.8

16,535.0

779.8

35,236

32,179

762,709

167

31,925

10,872

5,302

406

7,200

61,249.2

6,605

467,126

26,736

17,855

422,535

2,390

26,482

3,500

1,485,757

21,872

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

3 Yield in pounds.
20 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2012 2013 2012 2013

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,471,860

39,317,660

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,116,940

135,570

1,092,260

526,100

2,526,880

(NA)

22,555,800

16,723,410

859,160

4,973,240

714,280

(X)

139,210

20,680

662,880

890

68,720

31,241,260

776,600

4,983,510

4,887,040

96,480

497,810

(NA)

(NA)

7,690

705,170

262,640

187,370

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

464,710

39,170

20,150

405,380

(NA)

52,810

(NA)

1,470,640

39,369,050

(NA)

1,174,010

1,056,650

3,083,740

22,840,700

16,992,120

708,610

5,139,970

669,240

(X)

110,080

481,990

31,212,120

681,500

4,057,420

3,974,060

83,370

486,070

(NA)

7,690

607,040

343,990

135,570

29,620

49,490

1,312,810

35,359,790

2,986,210

22,767,860

6,997,900

15,769,960

422,900

82,960

1,083,760

100,360

2,005,240

146,900

19,826,170

14,096,970

850,660

4,878,540

699,710

(X)

135,980

20,110

650,740

850

64,790

30,798,530

745,030

3,792,670

3,696,840

95,830

487,330

362,600

136,070

5,540

684,090

251,310

182,110

(NA)

2,470

12,920

30,760

458,390

38,280

19,630

400,480

8,090

51,230

160

22,832,210

13,237,010

141,490

28,730

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (May 2013) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2012 2013 2012 2013

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.65

7.74

34.47

4.78

6.75

3.90

2.20

0.84

8.35

1.76

3.13

25.54

3.11

3.18

2.62

3.02

1.59

(X)

1.08

0.67

4.70

2.47

1.26

2.66

1.70

0.99

0.97

1.77

65.59

80.51

2.54

1.37

2.12

1.96

1.32

(NA)

1.32

2.15

0.10

46.22

31.68

41.26

47.86

0.13

23.45

(NA)

3.05

34.53

4,796,120

273,832,130

102,920,110

108,751,490

47,218,060

61,533,430

929,310

70,080

9,048,220

176,390

6,272,360

3,751,210

61,755,240

44,775,060

2,230,480

14,749,710

1,110,130

5,140,110

146,360

13,580

3,057,850

2,100

81,390

82,054,800

1,263,570

3,769,850

3,600,070

169,780

31,965,560

29,192,300

345,960

7,570

1,448,090

493,150

240,490

18,420

3,270

27,780

3,000

21,188,480

1,212,720

809,890

19,165,870

1,080

1,201,200

1,590

40,435,680

992,100

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
22 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2012-2013 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2012 2013

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ..............................................................tons

Lemons .................................................................tons

Oranges ................................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) .................................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins ....................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ................................................... 1,000 pounds

Apricots .................................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Grapes ..................................................................tons

Olives (California) .................................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Peaches ................................................................tons

Pears ....................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ...........................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..................................tons

Pecans, in-shell ................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................tons

Maple syrup ..................................................... gallons

1,154

850

9,002

52

648

9,061.1

60.8

7,343.4

160.0

978.3

858.2

125.0

13.2

1,890,000

34.7

302,800

470

1,908

1,162

872

8,597

45

710

1 Production years are 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.
Crop Production (May 2013) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2012-2013 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2012 2013

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .............................................................................................................

Lemons ................................................................................................................

Oranges ................................................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ................................................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ..................................................................................................................

Apricots ................................................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Grapes .................................................................................................................

Olives (California) .................................................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Peaches ...............................................................................................................

Pears ....................................................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................

Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................

Maple syrup ..........................................................................................................

1,046,890

771,110

8,166,480

47,170

587,860

4,110,050

55,160

6,661,820

145,150

887,460

778,580

113,400

12,010

857,290

31,480

137,350

426,380

9,540

1,054,150

791,070

7,799,070

40,820

644,100

1 Production years are 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.
24 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (May 2013) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Weather Summary

Record-setting cold weather across the Plains and upper Midwest maintained low soil temperatures through April. The 

cool soils, combined with substantial April precipitation (rain and snow) across the eastern Plains and much of the 

Midwest, resulted in the slowest United States corn planting pace since 1984 - with just 5 percent of the crop in the 

ground by April 28.

In fact, major flooding developed during the second half of April in the middle Mississippi Valley, with record-high water 

levels observed along a significant stretch of the Illinois River. From just south of Moline, Illinois, to just north of 

St. Louis, Missouri, the Mississippi River achieved one of its five highest crests on record, behind 1993 and 2008, and in 

some cases, 1973 and 2001.

Cold conditions also adversely affected the Plains’ already drought-stressed winter wheat. Periodic freezes struck as far 

south as the southern High Plains, contributing to sharp declines in wheat condition ratings. For example, the portion of 

the Texas wheat rated in very poor to poor condition rose from 44 to 74 percent between March 17 and May 5. Wheat 

condition declines were also noted during April in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Part of the increased stress on wheat 

was caused by drought intensification, particularly across the central and southern High Plains. Meanwhile, a delayed 

snow-melt season and cold conditions hampered planting of spring-sown small grains across the northern Plains.

Fieldwork and crop developmental delays were not only confined to the Plains and Midwest. Significant planting delays 

were also noted in the Mississippi Delta, where crops affected included cotton, rice, and soybeans. In Mississippi, planting 

progress by May 5 for those three crops reached 2, 14, and 15 percent, respectively, compared to the 5-year averages of 

35, 80, and 60 percent.

In contrast, very warm, mostly dry weather promoted a rapid pace of fieldwork and crop development from California 

into the Southwest. However, many of those same areas - from California to the central and southern Rockies - faced 

concerns about summer water supplies due to below-normal runoff and diminishing reservoir storage.

April Agricultural Summary

Near-normal April temperatures stretching from the Pacific Northwest down to and through the Southwestern and Gulf 

Coast States and up to New England, provided producers in those areas ample time to prepare fields and begin planting 

their 2013 crops. Conversely, cold temperatures that dipped to more than 9 degrees below average remained entrenched 

over the northern Great Plains and portions of the Great Lakes region, where planting progress of row crops and small 

grains lingered well behind normal. Monthly rainfall was below average in many western locations, negatively impacting 

crop conditions and causing an earlier than normal start to irrigation. Elsewhere, heavy precipitation throughout portions 

of the Corn Belt and Southeast hampered fieldwork.

Corn producers had planted just 2 percent of the 2013 crop by April 14, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 

5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Planting progressed slowly and seed germination was hampered as 

unfavorable weather conditions lingered throughout the month. While April’s showers benefitted soil moisture levels 

depleted by last year’s historic drought, wet soils and cool temperatures prevented fieldwork throughout much of the 

Midwest. By April 28, five percent of the corn crop was planted, 44 percentage points behind last year and 26 percentage 

points behind the 5-year average. This represents the slowest planting pace since 1984. Emergence was 2 percent 

complete by April 28, twelve percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 16 percent of this year’s sorghum crop was planted by April 7, 

three percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Mid-month rainfall benefitted the newly emerged 

crop in portions of the Delta and Texas. In Texas, planting advanced just 5 percent in the 14 days ending April 28 as 

rainfall and cold temperatures hampered fieldwork in some areas. Nationally, sorghum producers had planted 27 percent 

of the crop by April 28, two percentage points behind last year but on par with the 5-year average.

As April began, oats were being sown in Nebraska, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. In Texas, seeding was complete. Below 

average March and early-April temperatures led to significant seeding delays in Wisconsin. By April 14, producers 
26 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Nationwide had sown 39 percent of this year’s oat crop, 33 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points 

behind the 5-year average. Cold temperatures and above average precipitation hampered fieldwork in many areas. Seeding 

in Minnesota and Wisconsin, the two largest oat-producing States, was underway by April 28, but progress remained 

46 percentage points or more behind normal as producers battled wet fields and unseasonably cool temperatures. 

Nationally, 47 percent of the oat crop was seeded by April 28, twenty-one percentage points behind the 5-year average. 

Emergence was 35 percent complete, 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Barley seeding was ahead of normal in the Pacific Northwest by mid-month, while cool weather and poor field conditions 

delayed progress in Minnesota and North Dakota. Nationally, producers had sown 18 percent of this year’s crop by 

April 14, nine percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Toward month’s 

end, a lack of significant spring moisture led to earlier than normal irrigation in portions of Idaho. By April 28, seeding 

Nationwide had advanced to 30 percent complete, 32 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind 

the 5-year average. Eight percent of the crop was emerged, 9 percentage points behind last year and slightly behind the 

5-year average.

Significant soil moisture shortages throughout much of the Hard Red growing region negatively impacted winter wheat 

conditions during March and early April. Freezing temperatures reached as far south as northern Texas during the first 

half of the month, leaving producers assessing their crop for damage. With progress limited to mostly southern regions, 

4 percent of the Nation’s winter wheat crop was headed by April 14, twenty-four percentage points behind last year and 

8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Unfavorably cool temperatures lingered throughout the month, limiting 

crop development in many areas. Rainfall toward month’s end benefitted portions of the Great Plains; however crop 

conditions remained mostly unchanged. Overall, 33 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on April 28, compared with 34 percent on March 31 and 64 percent from the same time last year.

Similar to other row crops and small grains, poor weather conditions delayed the start of spring wheat seeding in portions 

of the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region. By April 14, producers had sown 6 percent of the Nation’s spring 

wheat crop, 27 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fieldwork in the 

Pacific Northwest advanced ahead of the average pace under near-normal temperatures and occasional precipitation; 

however, seeding advanced just 6 percentage points Nationwide in the 14 days ending April 28. Toward month’s end, 

producers in North Dakota took advantage of a small window of suitable weather, and began seeding their crop. By 

April 28, twelve percent of the Nation’s spring wheat crop had been sown, 58 percentage points behind last year and 

25 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Emergence was 3 percent complete by April 28, twenty-three percentage 

points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

While cool, showery weather limited fieldwork in the upper Delta, rice producers in the lower Delta and Texas were busy 

seeding this year crop as April began. Producers in the northern Sacramento Valley began seeding their rice crop during 

the week ending April 7, while others were busy draining, cultivating, and leveling fields. By April 14, twenty-three 

percent of the Nation’s crop had been sown, 31 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 

5-year average. Seeding gained speed in Arkansas mid-month; however, despite steady progress, overall progress 

remained well behind normal. Heavy rainfall in the Upper Coast region of Texas caused producers to spend time repairing 

damaged levees during the second half of the month. By April 28, forty-four percent of the 2013 rice crop was seeded, 

28 percentage points behind last year and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Emergence had advanced to 

24 percent complete, 35 percentage points behind last year and 11 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

With activity limited to Alabama, Arizona, California, and Texas, 5 percent of the Nation’s cotton crop was planted by 

April 7, four percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Planting was active 

from central to southern Texas, while early-month rainfall slowed progress in the Blacklands and East Texas. In Georgia, 

wet fields and below average soil temperatures delayed planting. Near-normal temperatures returned to much of the 

Cotton Belt during the second half of the month, allowing producers time to prepare fields. Toward month’s end, freezing 

temperatures led to the replanting of some fields along the Upper Coast in Texas. By April 28, producers Nationwide had 

planted 14 percent of the cotton crop, 11 percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year 

average.
Crop Production (May 2013) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarbeet producers had planted 13 percent of this year’s crop by April 14, twenty-five percentage points behind last year 

and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. While early-month rainfall boosted soil moisture levels and benefitted 

the developing crop in Idaho, cool temperatures delayed planting in Minnesota and North Dakota. Freezing temperatures 

in Idaho during the second half of April led to replanting of approximately 40 percent of the sugarbeet crop in the Magic 

Valley. In Minnesota, rising temperatures toward month’s end caused a rapid snow melt, leaving producers in the Red 

River Valley cautious of spring flooding. By April 28, seventeen percent of the Nation’s sugarbeet crop was planted, 

72 percentage points behind last year and 36 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Crop Comments

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.49 billion bushels, down 10 percent from 2012. As of May 1, the United States 

yield is forecast at 45.4 bushels per acre, down 1.8 bushels from last year. Expected grain area is forecast at 32.7 million 

acres, down 6 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter (HRW) harvested acreage is down about 14 percent from the 

previous year. Soft Red Winter (SRW) harvested acreage is expected to be up 21 percent from last year. As of April 28, 

thirty-three percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 

31 percentage points below the same week in 2012. Nationally, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 

28, fifteen percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. 

In the southern Great Plains States, winter temperatures were moderate, but drought-like conditions during emergence and 

most of the growing season negatively impacted winter wheat conditions. As a result, dryland yields are expected to suffer 

from the lack of moisture which occurred during plant development and grain set. Several hard freezes occurred in parts 

of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas during March and April, affecting earlier maturing varieties. Weather conditions 

remained cooler and wetter than normal throughout April.

Cooler than normal spring temperatures coupled with higher than normal precipitation in the Corn Belt States of Illinois, 

Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio hampered crop development. However, as of April 28, the winter wheat crop in the SRW 

growing States was in mostly good condition. 

In the Pacific Northwest, crop development was slower than normal across parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho due to 

cooler and dryer conditions earlier this spring. Mid-April rain and snow moved across some areas bringing relief and 

improving crop conditions slightly.

Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 15.6 million bushels, 

down 35 percent from last year. In California, good quality and few diseases issues were reported. Harvest is expected to 

begin in Southern California by mid-May.

Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on United States farms May 1, 2013 totaled 14.2 million tons, down 34 percent from 

a year ago. This is the lowest May 1 stocks level on record. Disappearance from December 1, 2012 - May 1, 2013 totaled 

62.4 million tons, compared with 69.3 million tons for the same period a year earlier.

Record-low May 1 hay stocks levels were also established in Connecticut, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, 

Ohio, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

With the exception of California, Colorado, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and South 

Carolina, hay stocks as a percent of production decreased from last year Nationwide. Last year’s historic drought led to a 

substantial decrease in hay production, and therefore beginning stocks for many States. In many areas, the limited 

availability of native feedstuffs forced producers to feed their herds earlier than normal. Additionally, a cold, wet spring 

has limited pasture growth causing prolonged dependence on supplemental roughage and feedstuffs in portions of the 

Midwest.

Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2012 crop year is estimated at 3.50 million pounds, down 15 percent from the 

previous year but up 3 percent from the previous forecast. Area in crop, at 400 acres, is down 18 percent from 2011. 

Drought conditions late in 2012 negatively impacted the taro crop. Growers reported that apple snails, feral pigs, leaf 

blight, and pocket rot continued to be problems.
28 Crop Production (May 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Grapefruit: The 2012-2013 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.16 million tons, up 5 percent from the previous 

forecast and up 1 percent from last season’s final utilization. The route survey conducted April 30-May 1 in Florida 

indicated that 94 percent of the white grapefruit and 95 percent of the colored grapefruit rows were harvested. California 

and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from April.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 710,000 tons, down 1 percent 

from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from last season’s final utilization. In Florida, the route survey conducted 

April 30-May 1 showed that 97 percent of the Honey tangerine rows had been harvested. Arizona and California tangerine 

forecasts were carried forward from April.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.00 million boxes (45,000 tons), unchanged from the April forecast but down 

13 percent from last season’s final utilization. Florida’s route survey conducted April 30-May 1 showed 99 percent of the 

rows had been harvested.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing region, high temperatures reported for the month ranged from the upper 80s to lower 

90s. Rainfall was generally light, becoming heavier toward the end of the month, easing drought conditions in all of the 

citrus producing regions. Harvest of Valencias and grapefruit continued as the tangerine harvest neared completion. 

Harvesting, fertilizer application, and general grove maintenance were the primary grove activities.

California citrus: New citrus groves were planted as the bloom continued. Mandarin trees were netted to prevent cross 

pollination and ensure seedless fruit. Harvest of late Navel oranges, Valencia oranges, and lemons continued.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Strong winds damaged some orchards and vineyards in mid-April. Fruit continued 

to develop on apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum trees. Early cherries approached harvest. Stone fruit growers 

cleaned up storm damage and thinned fruit. Pears were blooming. Apple bloom finished and fruit was developing. Grapes 

continued to leaf out and vines were pushing new growth. Vineyards were sprayed with fungicides and treated with sulfur 

to prevent powdery mildew. Olive bloom began. Blueberries were blooming, while hot house blueberries were being 

picked. Hass avocado harvest continued. Nut orchards were irrigated. Almond bloom was complete with trees leafing out 

and nutlets developing well. Almond growers cleaned up branches and trees knocked down by the high winds. Walnuts 

were pushing catkins and were treated for blight. Walnut growers began trapping and monitoring codling moths as they 

started spray treatments for the crop. Pistachios were in full bloom and trees were pushing new growth. Pecan bloom 

began.

Spring potatoes: Production for 2013 is forecast at 21.9 million cwt, down 18 percent from 2012. Planted area is forecast 

at 73,200 acres, a 2 percent decrease from March intentions. Area for harvest is forecast at 71,000 acres, down 25 percent 

from the previous year. The average yield forecast, at 308 cwt per acre, is up 25 cwt from 2012. Beginning in 2013, Texas

estimates for spring potatoes will be included in summer potatoes.

Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2012 totaled 763 million pounds, slightly above the January 

preliminary estimate and up 27 percent from 2011. Harvested area is estimated at 336,245 acres, up slightly from the 

January preliminary estimate and 3 percent above last year. Yield per acre averaged 2,268 pounds per acre, unchanged 

from the January preliminary estimate and 427 pounds above 2011.

2012 Cotton final: All cotton production is estimated at 17.3 million 480-pound bales, up 11 percent from the 2011 crop. 

The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at a record high 887 pounds per acre, up 97 pounds from the previous 

season.

Upland cotton production is estimated at 16.5 million 480-pound bales, up 12 percent from the 2011 crop. The United 

States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at a record high 869 pounds per acre, up 97 pounds from 2011. Record high 

yields are also estimated in Alabama, California, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and 

Virginia. In Georgia, objective yield data showed boll weights to be the highest on record. Objective yield data in 

North Carolina showed a record high number of bolls per acre.
Crop Production (May 2013) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

American Pima production is estimated at 779,800 bales (480-pound), down 8 percent from 2011. The United States yield 

is estimated at 1,581 pounds per acre, up 241 pounds from the previous season.

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2012 totaled 5.67 million tons, up 6 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills 

accounted for 53 percent of the disposition. The remaining 47 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various 

other uses.
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Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 7 to 

gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, 

Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were 

interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in 

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as 

number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would 

be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The 

average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the 

heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled 

to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 13,000 producers representing all major production areas. 

These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for 

harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for nearly 73 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the 

season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative 

data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous 

components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare 

the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
Crop Production (May 2013) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 6.8 percent. This means that chances are 

two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

6.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 11.8 percent. 

Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have 

averaged 88 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 285 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final 

estimate 11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to 

understate or overstate final production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the 

three abnormal production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 

1.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below 

the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.6 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 

(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.8 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.

Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 134,000 tons 

(149,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons regardless of exclusions. The May 1 

forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times (below 7 times and above 10 times, 

excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final 

production.
32 Crop Production (May 2013)

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Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .......................................................................................................(202) 720-2127

Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Brent Chittenden – Oats, Rye, Wheat .............................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Angie Considine – Peanuts, Rice ..................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-9526

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Hay .................................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds..................................................................(202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................(202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries......................................(202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ...............................................(202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits.........................................(202) 720-5412

 Dave Losh – Hops............................................................................................................................(360) 709-2400 

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans ..................................................(202) 720-3250

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ...............................................(202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts .......................................................(202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Follow NASS” box under “Receive reports by Email,” 

click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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