Bibliography of Tobacco-Related 

Literature on Hispanics/Latinos 

1990 – 2001

Bibliography of Tobacco-Related 

Literature on Hispanics/Latinos 

1990 – 2001

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

National Cancer Institute
________________________________________________________________________ 

Table of Contents 

Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 

Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................................3 

Bibliography of Tobacco-Related Literature on Hispanics/Latinos 1990 œ 2001 

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Women and Smoking ....................................................................5 

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Adults and Smoking ......................................................................7 

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Youth and Smoking.......................................................................9 

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Smokeless Tobacco .....................................................................15 

Measurement and Methods ........................................................................................................15 

Interventions ...............................................................................................................................16 

Health Outcomes and Smoking .................................................................................................18 

Biomarkers and Smoking...........................................................................................................22 

Environmental Tobacco Smoke.................................................................................................23 

Marketing....................................................................................................................................23 

Index of Citations ...............................................................................................................................24 
Introduction ___________________________________________________________________________

In 1998, the Surgeon General released the first report to address the diverse tobacco control

needs of racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States: Tobacco Use Among U.S.

Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups. Findings detailed in the Surgeon General‘s Report suggest that if

tobacco use is not reduced among members of the four racial/ethnic groupsHispanics/Latinos;

African Americans; American Indians, Native Americans, and Alaska Natives; and Asian

American and Pacific Islandersmembers of these groups will experience increasing morbidity

and mortality related to tobacco use.

Data included in the Surgeon General‘s Report highlight tobacco-related disparities that exist

among these groups. Specifically, among Hispanics, as classified by the Surgeon‘s General Report,

long-term trend data on the prevalence of tobacco use were not collected prior to 1978.

However, Hispanics are the second largest minority group in the United States. The growth of

the Hispanic population has serious implications for the health status of youth and adults. The

need to investigate tobacco use behavior and mortality associated with tobacco use is crucial.

Aggregate data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) indicate that from 1978

through 1995 the prevalence rates of smoking among adult Hispanics declined. Among

adolescents, prevalence rates increased in the 1990s, but are slowly declining.

Healthy People 2010 objectives aim to reduce tobacco use among both youth and adults. To

achieve the Healthy People 2010 objectives, additional research is needed to address the specific

educational, socioeconomic, environmental, social, biological, and cultural factors that may

account for increased initiation and continued use of tobacco among Hispanics/Latinos. Research

is needed to specify the most relevant and culturally appropriate strategies for tackling this public

health problem in an effort to reduce the overall consumption of tobacco use among

Hispanics/Latinos. Although the research on the health of Hispanics/Latinos is expanding, the

present dearth of research on tobacco use among diverse Hispanic/Latino groups underscores the

need to further expand the availability of published literature that can guide further research in

the field.

In 2001, the National Latino Council on Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention (LCAT) began

planning the First National Hispanic/Latino Conference on Tobacco Prevention and Control. As

part of collaborative efforts between the National Cancer Institute‘s Tobacco Control Research

Branch and LCAT, a review of the recent literature on tobacco use in Hispanic/Latino groups was

conducted to develop a bibliography for use by practitioners and researchers working in the field

of tobacco control. The Bibliography of Tobacco-Related Literature on Hispanics/Latinos covers

the scientific literature from 1990 to 2001. The major search terms incorporated into the search

strategy included —Hispanic,“ —Latino,“ —Puerto Rican,“ —Cuban,“ —Mexican,“ —Chicano,“

—nicotine,“ —tobacco,“ —smokeless tobacco,“ —smoking,“ and —smoking cessation.“ The major

databases searched included the following:

MEDLINE (via PubMed) of the National Library of Medicine

POPLINE (via Internet Grateful Med) of the National Library of Medicine

PsychINFO

BIOSIS

CINAHL

Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index (via Web of Science)

CANCERLIT of the National Library of Medicine

ERIC

Sociological Abstracts

Mental Health Abstracts

1
Social Science Abstracts 

Pascal 

The literature search has produced 319 articles from journals published in English. The results of 

this search include literature on women and smoking, adults and smoking, youth and smoking, 

smokeless tobacco, measurement and methods, interventions, health outcomes and smoking, 

biomarkers and smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and marketing. The bibliography is 

organized alphabetically by the above major subheadings, and a citation index is included to help 

facilitate the users‘ search on specific topic areas. 

2
Acknowledgements ___________________________________________________________________________

The Bibliography of Tobacco-Related Literature on Hispanics/Latinos 1990œ2001 was developed

under the direction of Pebbles Fagan, Ph.D., M.P.H., Health Scientist, Tobacco Control Research

Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland.

This bibliography is a result of collaborative efforts between NCI and LCAT in Washington, D.C.

The bibliography was released as part of the First National Hispanic/Latino Conference on

Tobacco Prevention and Control, February 14œ15, 2002 in Washington, D.C. Karen Smith of

the National Institutes of Health Library was contracted to conduct this search for NCI. The

bibliography was reviewed by NCI and LCAT staff and by MasiMax Resources, Inc. The project

manager of this bibliography was Laura Goodman of MasiMax Resources, Inc., who contracted

with NCI to produce it. Additional gratitude is extended to the following individuals who helped in

the review process:

Scott Leischow, Ph.D., Branch Chief

National Cancer Institute

Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences

Behavioral Research Program

Tobacco Control Research Branch

Executive Plaza North

6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7337

Bethesda, MD 20892

Bill Blatt, M.P.H., C.H.E.S., Intern

National Cancer Institute

Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences

Behavioral Research Program

Tobacco Control Research Branch

Executive Plaza North

6130 Executive Boulevard MSC 7337

Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Jeannette Noltenius, Ph.D., Executive Director

National Latino Council on Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention (LCAT)

1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 732

Washington, DC 20009

Phone: 202-265-8054

Fax: 202-265-8032/8056

www.nlcatp.org

Juan Carlos Vega, M.L.S., Information Resource Manager

National Latino Council on Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention (LCAT)

1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 732

Washington, DC 20009

Phone: 202-265-8054

Fax: 202-265-8032/8056

www.nlcatp.org

Melissa Simon, Intern

National Latino Council on Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention (LCAT)

1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 732

3
Washington, DC 20009

Phone: 202-265-8054

Fax: 202-265-8032/8056

www.nlcatp.org

Carla Ortiz, Project Director

National Latino Council on Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention (LCAT)

1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 732

Washington, DC 20009

Phone: 202-265-8054

Fax: 202-265-8032/8056

www.nlcatp.org

Laura Goodman, M.P.H., Project Manager

MasiMax Resources, Inc.

1375 Piccard Drive, Suite 175

Rockville, MD 20850

Barbara Cire, Editorial Manager

MasiMax Resources, Inc.

1375 Piccard Drive, Suite 175

Rockville, MD 20850

Josephine Thomas, M.F.A., Senior Editor

MasiMax Resources, Inc.

1375 Piccard Drive, Suite 175

Rockville, MD 20850

4
Bibliography of Tobacco-Related Literature on 

Hispanics/Latinos 

1990œ2001 ___________________________________________________________________________

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Women and Smoking 

1. Acevedo MC. The role of acculturation in explaining ethnic differences in the prenatal 

health-risk behaviors, mental health, and parenting beliefs of Mexican American and 

European American at-risk women. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000;24(1):111œ127. 

2. Alcalay R. Perceptions about prenatal care among health providers and Mexican-American 

community women: An exploratory study. International Quarterly of Community Health 

Education 1993;13(2):107œ118. 

3. Balcazar H, Peterson G, and Cobas JA. Acculturation and health-related risk behaviors among 

Mexican American pregnant youth. American Journal of Health Behavior 

1996;20(6):425œ433. 

4. Brownson RC, Eyler AA, King AC, Shyu Y, Brown DR, and Homan SM. Reliability of 

information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among U.S. 

women aged 40 years or older. American Journal of Epidemiology 

1999;149(4):379œ391. 

5. Camilli AE, McElroy L, and Reed K. Smoking behavior during pregnancy among hispanics 

and non-hispanic whites. Journal of Clinical Research 1993;41:A88. 

6. Camilli AE, McElroy LF, and Reed KL. Smoking and pregnancy: A comparison of MexicanAmerican and non-Hispanic white women. Obstetrics & Gynecology 

1994;84(6):1033œ1037. 

7. Cobas JA, Balcazar H, Benin MB, Keith VN, and Chong Y. Acculturation and low-birthweight 

infants among Latino women: A reanalysis of HHANES data with structural equation 

models. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86(3):394œ397. 

8. Cook AK and Starzyk P. County variation in the rate of smoking for teen mothers. 

American Journal of Health Behavior 2000;24(5):379œ386. 

9. Coonrod DV, Balcazar H, Brady J, Garcia S, and Van Tine M. Smoking, acculturation and 

family cohesion in Mexican-American women. Ethnicity & Disease 1999;9(3):434œ440. 

10. Cramer JC, Bell K, and Vaast K. Race, ethnicity, and the determinants of low birthweight in 

the U.S. Presentation. The Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America 

Washington, DC, March 1991. 

11. Frisbee WP, Forbes D, and Hummer RA. Hispanic pregnancy outcomes: Additional evidence. 

Social Science Quarterly 1998;79(1):149œ169. 

12. Fuentes-Afflick E, Hessol NA, and Perez-Stable EJ. Testing the epidemiologic paradox of low 

birth weight in Latinos. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 

1999;153(2):147œ153. 

13. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Vora H, Rappaport EB, Avol E, and 

Peters JM. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure 

and childhood lung function. Thorax 2000;55(4):271œ276. 

14. Guendelman S and Abrams B. Dietary, alcohol, and tobacco intake among Mexican-American 

women of childbearing age: Results from HANES data. American Journal of Health 

Promotion 1994;8(5):363œ372. 

15. Guendelman S, English P, and Chavez G. The effects of maternal health behaviors and other 

risk factors on immunization status among Mexican-American infants. Pediatrics 

1995;95(6):823œ828. 

5
33. Wolff CB and Portis M. Smoking, acculturation, and pregnancy outcome among Mexican 

Americans. Health Care for Women International 1996;17(6):563œ573. 

16. Hanson MJ. The theory of planned behavior applied to cigarette smoking in AfricanAmerican, Puerto Rican, and non-Hispanic white teenage females. Nursing Research 

1997;46(3):155œ162. 

17. Hickey CA, Cliver SP, McNeal SF, and Goldenberg RL. Low pregravid body mass index as a 

risk factor for preterm birth: Variation by ethnic group. Obstetrics & Gynecology 

1997;89(2):206œ212. 

18. Juarbe TC. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Latina women. Review. Progress in 

Cardiovascular Nursing 1998;13(2):17œ27. 

19. LeClere FB and Wilson JB. Smoking behavior of recent mothers, 18œ44 years of age, before 

and after pregnancy: United States, 1990. Advance Data 25 July 1997;(288):111. 

20. McFarlane J, Parker B, and Soeken K. Physical abuse, smoking, and substance use during 

pregnancy: Prevalence, interrelationships, and effects on birth weight. Journal of 

Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 1996;25(4):313œ320. 

21. Peterson GW, Cobas JA, Balcazar H, and Amling JW. Acculturation and risk behavior among 

pregnant Mexican American females: A structural equation model. Sociological Inquiry 

1998;68(4):536œ556. 

22. Pletsch PK. Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Hispanic women of childbearing age. Nursing 

Research 1991;40(2):103œ106. 

23. Pletsch PK and Johnson MK. The cigarette smoking experience of pregnant Latinas in the 

United States. Health Care for Women International 1996;17(6):549œ562. 

24. Rickert VI, Wiemann CM, and Berenson AB. Ethnic differences in depressive 

symptomatology among young women. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2000;95(1):55œ60. 

25. Sanders-Phillips K. Health promotion behavior in low income black and Latino women. 

Women Health 1994;21(2œ3):71œ83. 

26. Sanders-Phillips K. Correlates of health promotion behaviors in low-income Black women 

and Latinas. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1996;12(6):450œ458. 

27. Smith KW and McGraw SA. Smoking behavior of Puerto Rican women: Evidence from 

caretakers of adolescents in two urban areas. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 

1993;15(1):140œ149. 

28. Symanski E and Hertz-Picciotto I. Blood lead levels in relation to menopause, smoking, and 

pregnancy history. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995;141(11):1047œ1058. 

29. Wiemann CM, Berenson AB, and San Miguel VV. Tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use among 

pregnant women: Age and racial/ethnic differences. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 

1994;39(10):769œ776. 

30. Wiemann CM, Berenson AB, and Landwehr BM. Racial and ethnic correlates of tobacco, 

alcohol and illicit drug use in a pregnant population. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 

1995;40(8):571œ578. 

31. Wiemann CM and Berenson AB. Factors associated with recent and discontinued alcohol use 

by pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 1998;22(5):417œ423. 

32. Wolff CB, Portis M, and Wolff H. Birth weight and smoking practices during pregnancy 

among Mexican-American women. Health Care for Women International 

1993;14(3):271œ279. 

6
34. Cigarette smoking among Chinese, Vietnamese, and Hispanics: California, 1989œ1991. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 

1992;41(20):362œ367. 

35. Tobacco use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups–African Americans, American 

Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, Hispanics: A Report of 

the Surgeon General (Executive Summary). Centers for Disease Control Prevention 

Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1998;47(RR18):116. 

36. Aguirre-Molina M, Molina C, and Zambrana RE. Health Issues in the Latino Community. 

New York: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 2001. 

37. Almasy L, Towne B, Mitchell BD, Stern MP, MacCluer JW, and Blangero J. Heritability of 

alcohol and cigarette consumption in randomly ascertained Mexican American families. 

Molecular Psychiatry 1999;4(SI):S5S7. 

38. Bonnlander HP and Rossignol AM. Tobacco use among Cuban migrants at Guantanamo Bay, 

Cuba. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica (Pan American Journal of Public Health) 

1998;3(2):131œ133. 

39. Burke JP, Hazuda HP, and Stern MP. Rising trend in obesity in Mexican Americans and nonHispanic whites: Is it due to cigarette smoking cessation? International Journal of Obesity 

and Related Metabolic Disorders 2000;24(12):1689œ1694. 

40. Campbell KM and Kaplan CP. Relationships between language orientation and cigarettesmoking beliefs of Latinas. American Journal of Health Behavior 1997;21(1):1220. 

41. Christenson PG, Henriksen L, and Roberts DF. Substance Use in Popular Prime-Time 

Television: Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention Report. Stanford 

University, 2000. 

42. Coreil J, Ray LA, and Markides KS. Predictors of smoking among Mexican-Americans: 

Findings from the Hispanic HANES. Preventive Medicine 1991;20(4):508œ517. 

43. Davanipour Z, Lu NM, Lichtenstein M, and Markides KS. Hearing problems in Mexican 

American elderly. American Journal of Otology 2000;21(2):168œ172. 

44. DeLaRosa MR. Prevalence and consequences of alcohol, cigarette, and drug use among 

Hispanics. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1998;16(1/2):21œ54. 

45. Elder JP, Castro FG, de Moor C, Mayer J, Candelaria JI, Campbell N, Talavera G, and Ware 

LM. Differences in cancer-risk-related behaviors in Latino and Anglo adults. Preventive 

Medicine 1991;20(6):751œ763. 

46. Escobedo LG, Kirch DG, and Anda RF. Depression and smoking initiation among U.S. 

Latinos. Addiction 1996;91(1):113œ119. 

47. Georges E, Mueller WH, and Wear ML. Body fat distribution in men and women of the 

Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the United States: Associations with 

behavioral variables. Annals of Human Biology 1993;20(3):275œ291. 

48. Harrison LD and Kennedy NJ. Drug use in the high intensity drug trafficking area of the U.S. 

Southwest border. Addiction 1996;91(1):47œ61. 

49. Haynes SG, Harvey C, Montes H, Nickens H, and Cohen BH. Patterns of cigarette smoking 

among Hispanics in the United States: Results from HHANES 1982œ1984. American 

Journal of Public Health 1990;80(Suppl):47œ53. 

50. Hill AL, Taren DL, Roe DJ, Lohman T, and Leischow SJ. Body composition changes in 

Hispanics after smoking cessation. FASEB Journal 1998;12. 

51. Hyman DJ, Simons-Morton DG, Dunn JK, and Ho K. Smoking, smoking cessation, and 

understanding of the role of multiple cardiac risk factors among the urban poor. Preventive 

Medicine 1996;25(6):653œ659. 

52. Hymowitz N, Corle D, Royce J, Hartwell T, Corbett K, Orlandi M, and Piland N. Smokers‘ 

baseline characteristics in the COMMIT trial. Preventive Medicine 1995;24(5):503œ508. 

53. Kerner JF, Breen N, Tefft MC, and Silsby J. Tobacco use among multi-ethnic Latino 

populations. Ethnicity & Disease 1998; 8(2):167œ183. 

54. Koepke D, Flay BR, and Johnson CA. Health behaviors in minority families: The case of 

cigarette smoking. Family and Community Health 1990;13(1):35œ43. 

7
55. Lee DJ and Markides KS. Health behaviors, risk factors, and health indicators associated with 

cigarette use in Mexican Americans: Results from the Hispanic HANES. American Journal 

of Public Health 1991;81(7):859œ864. 

56. Marin G, Marin BV, Otero-Sabogal R, Stable FJ, and Sabogal F. Cultural differences in 

attitudes and expectancies between hispanic and non-hispanic white smokers. Hispanic 

Journal of Behavioral Sciences 1990;12(4):422œ436. 

57. Markides KS, Miller TQ, and Ray LA. Changes in the smoking behavior of elderly Mexican 

Americans in the Southwest from 1982œ1984 to 1993œ1994. Preventive Medicine 

1999;28(3):251œ254. 

58. Markides KS and Black SA. Aging and health behaviors in Mexican Americans. Family and 

Community Health 1996;19(2):11œ18. 

59. Marks G, Garcia M, and Solis JM. Health risk behaviors of Hispanics in the United States: 

Findings from HHANES, 1982œ84. American Journal of Public Health 

1990;80(Suppl):20œ26. 

60. Miller TQ, Markides KS, Chiriboga DA, and Ray LA. A test of the psychosocial vulnerability 

and health behavior models of hostility: Results from an 11-year follow-up study of 

Mexican Americans. Psychosomatic Medicine 1995;57(6):572œ581. 

61. Navarro AM. Cigarette smoking among adult Latinos: The California tobacco baseline 

survey. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1996;18(4):238œ245. 

62. Nickens H. The health status of minority populations in the United States. Western Journal 

of Medicine 2001;155(1):27œ33. 

63. Otero-Sabogal R, Sabogal F, Perez-Stable EJ, and Hiatt RA. Dietary practices, alcohol 

consumption, and smoking behavior: Ethnic, sex, and acculturation differences. Journal of 

the National Cancer Institute Monographs 1995;(18):73œ82. 

64. Palinkas LA, Pierce J, Rosbrook BP, Pickwell S, Johnson M, and Bal DG. Cigarette smoking 

behavior and beliefs of Hispanics in California. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 

1993;9(6):331œ337. 

65. Perez-Stable EJ, Marin G, Marin BV, and Katz MH. Depressive symptoms and cigarette 

smoking among Latinos in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health 

1990;80(12):1500œ1502. 

66. Perez-Stable EJ, Marin BV, Marin G, Brody DJ, and Benowitz NL. Apparent underreporting 

of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers. American Journal of Public 

Health 1990;80(9):1057œ1061. 

67. Perez-Stable EJ, Marin G, and Posner SF. Ethnic comparison of attitudes and beliefs about 

cigarette smoking. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1998;13(3):16œ174. 

68. Polednak AP. Estimating smoking prevalence in Hispanic adults. American Journal of Health 

Behavior 1994;18(6):32œ40. 

69. Rogers RG. Demographic characteristics of cigarette smokers in the United States. Social 

Biology 1991;38(1œ2):1œ12. 

70. Rogers RG, Nam CB, and Hummer RA. Demographic and socioeconomic links to cigarette 

smoking. Social Biology 1995;42(1œ2):1œ21. 

71. Samet JM, Howard CA, Coultas DB, and Skipper BJ. Acculturation, education, and income as 

determinants of cigarette smoking in New Mexico Hispanics. Cancer Epidemiology 

Biomarkers & Prevention 1992; 1(3):235œ240. 

72. Sandoval VA. Smoking and Hispanics: Issues of identity, culture, economics, prevalence, and 

prevention. American Journal of Health Behavior 1994;18(1):44œ53. 

73. Shankar S, Gutierrez-Mohamed ML, and Alberg AJ. Cigarette smoking among immigrant 

Salvadoreans in Washington, D.C.: Behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. Addictive Behaviors 

2000;25(2):275œ281. 

74. Siegel D and Faigeles B. Smoking and socioeconomic status in a population-based inner city 

sample of African-Americans, Latinos and whites. Journal of Cardiovascular Risk 

1996;3(3):295œ300. 

75. Singer M. Toward a bio-cultural and political economic integration of alcohol, tobacco and 

drug studies in the coming century. Social Science & Medicine 2001;53(2):199œ213. 

8
76. Sundquist J and Winkleby M. Country of birth, acculturation status and abdominal obesity in a 

national sample of Mexican-American women and men. International Journal of 

Epidemiology 2000;29(3):470œ477. 

77. Thiel de Bocanegra H, Gany F, and Fruchter R. Available epidemiologic data on New York‘s 

Latino population: A critical review of the literature. Ethnicity & Disease 

1993;3(4):413œ426. 

78. Vander MR, Cummings SR, and Coates TJ. Ethnicity and smoking: Differences in white, 

black, Hispanic, and Asian medical patients who smoke. American Journal of Preventive 

Medicine 1990;6(4):194œ199. 

79. Velicer WF, Fava JL, Prochaska JO, Abrams DB, Emmons KM, and Pierce JP. Distribution of 

smokers by stage in three representative samples. Preventive Medicine 

1995;24(4):401œ411. 

80. Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, and Rockhill B. Health-related risk factors in a sample of 

Hispanics and whites matched on sociodemographic characteristics: The Stanford FiveCity Project. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993;137(12):1365œ1375. 

81. Winkleby MA, Schooler C, Kraemer HC, and Fortmann SP. Socioeconomic and medical 

correlates of Latino and white smoking patterns. Circulation 1995;91:931. 

82. Winkleby MA, Schooler C, Kraemer HC, Lin J, and Fortmann SP. Hispanic versus white 

smoking patterns by sex and level of education. American Journal of Epidemiology 

1995;142(4):410œ418. 

83. Ma GX and Shive S. A comparative analysis of perceived risks and substance abuse among 

ethnic groups. Addictive Behaviors 2000;25(3):361œ371. 

Epidemiology/Surveillance: Youth and Smoking 

84. Office on Smoking and Health Division of Adolescent and School Health. Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention. Tobacco use among high school students–United States, 1997. 

Journal of School Health 1998;68(5):202œ204. 

85. Trends in cigarette smoking among high school students–United States, 1991œ1999. 

Journal of School Health 2000;70(9):368œ370. 

86. Association of tobacco use with acculturative status, knowledge, and attitudes among early 

adolescent Mexican Americans. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 

2001;72(1):A29. 

87. Alexander CS, Allen P, Crawford MA, and McCormick LK. Taking a first puff: Cigarette 

smoking experiences among ethnically diverse adolescents. Ethnicity & Health 

1999;4(4):245œ257. 

88. An LC, O‘Malley PM, Schulenberg JE, Bachman JG, and Johnston LD. Changes at the high 

end of risk in cigarette smoking among U.S. high school seniors, 1976œ1995. American 

Journal of Public Health 1999;89(5):699œ705. 

89. Anderson C and Burns DM. Patterns of adolescent smoking initiation rates by ethnicity and 

sex. Tobacco Control 2000;9(Suppl 2):II4œII8. 

90. Bachman JG, Wallace JM, Jr., O‘Malley PM, Johnston LD, Kurth CL, and Neighbors HW. 

Racial/ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high 

school seniors, 1976œ89. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81(3):372œ377. 

91. Baranowski T, Koehly L, Cullen K, Prokhorov A, Wetter D, Basen-Engquist K, Anderson C, 

and Hergenroeder A. Ethnic differences in cancer risk behaviors through the transition out 

of high school. Ethnicity & Disease 1999;9(1):94œ103. 

92. Bettes BA, Dusenbury L, Kerner J, James-Ortiz S, and Botvin GJ. Ethnicity and psychosocial 

factors in alcohol and tobacco use in adolescence. Child Development 

1990;61(2):557œ565. 

93. Botvin GJ, Epstein JA, Schinke SP, and Diaz T. Predictors of cigarette smoking among innercity minority youth. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 

1994;15(2):67œ73. 

9
94. Brindis C, Wolfe AL, McCarter V, Ball S, and Starbuck-Morales S. The associations between 

immigrant status and risk-behavior patterns in Latino adolescents. Journal of Adolescent 

Health 1995;17(2):99œ105. 

95. Brook JS, Balka EB, Abernathy T, and Hamburg BA. Sequence of sexual behavior and its 

relationship to other problem behaviors in African American and Puerto Rican 

adolescents. Journal of Genetic Psychology 1994;155(1):107œ114. 

96. Calderon C, Cortes R, Gonzalez G, Mercado N, and Martinez V. Prevalence and 

characteristics of smoking among adolescents. Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto 

Rico 1990;82(5):216œ218. 

97. Campbell NR, Ayala GX, Litrownik AJ, Slymen DJ, Zavala F, and Elder JP. Evaluation of a 

first aid and home safety program for Hispanic migrant adolescents. American Journal of 

Preventive Medicine 2001;20(4):258œ265. 

98. Canto MT, Goodman HS, Horowitz AM, Watson MR, and Duran-Medina C. Latino youths‘ 

knowledge of oral cancer and use of tobacco and alcohol. American Journal of Health 

Behavior 1998;22(6):411œ420. 

99. Cella DF, Sarafian B, Thomas CR Jr., and Thomas CR Sr. Culturally relevant smoking 

prevention for minority youth. Journal of School Health 1992;62(8):377œ380. 

100. Chavez EL and Swaim RC. An epidemiological comparison of Mexican-American and white 

non-Hispanic 8th- and 12th-grade students‘ substance use. American Journal of Public 

Health 1992;82(3):445œ447. 

101. Cohen DA and Rice J. Parenting styles, adolescent substance use, and academic achievement. 

Journal of Drug Education 1997;27(2):199œ211. 

102. Coogan PF, Adams M, Geller AC, Brooks D, Miller DR, Lew RA, and Koh HK. Factors 

associated with smoking among children and adolescents in Connecticut. American Journal 

of Preventive Medicine 1998;15(1):17œ24. 

103. Cowdery JE, Fitzhugh EC, and Wang MQ. Sociobehavioral influences on smoking initiation 

of Hispanic adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 1997;20(1):46œ50. 

104. Deosaransingh K, Moreno C, Woodruff SI, Sallis JF, Vargas R, and Elder JP. Acculturation 

and smoking in Latino youth. The Journal of Health Behavior 1995;19(3):43œ52. 

105. DuRant RH, Rickert VI, Ashworth CS, Newman C, and Slavens G. Use of multiple drugs 

among adolescents who use anabolic steroids. New England Journal of Medicine 

1993;328(13):922œ926. 

106. Dusenbery L, Epstein JA, Botvin GJ, and Diaz T. The relationship between language 

spoken and smoking among Hispanic-Latino youth in New York City. Public Health 

Reports 1994;109(3):421œ427. 

107. Dusenbury L, Kerner JF, Baker E, Botvin G, James-Ortiz S, and Zauber A. Predictors of 

smoking prevalence among New York Latino youth. American Journal of Public Health 

1992;82(1):55œ58. 

108. Ebin VJ, Sneed CD, Morisky DE, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Magnusson AM, and Malotte CK. 

Acculturation and interrelationships between problem and health-promoting behaviors 

among Latino adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2001;28(1):62œ72. 

109. Elder JP, Campbell NR, Litrownik AJ, Ayala GX, Slymen DJ, Parra-Medina D, and Lovato 

CY. Predictors of cigarette and alcohol susceptibility and use among Hispanic migrant 

adolescents. Preventive Medicine 2000;31(2, Part 1):115œ123. 

110. Ellickson P, Bui K, Bell R, and McGuigan KA. Does early drug use increase the risk of 

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incidence of type 2 diabetes from 1987 to 1996: Results from the San Antonio heart 

study. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999;159(13):1450œ1456. 

251. Carter-Pokras OD and Gergen PJ. Reported asthma among Puerto Rican, MexicanAmerican, and Cuban children, 1982 through 1984. American Journal of Public Health 

1993;83(4):580œ582. 

252. Coultas DB, Hanis CL, Howard CA, Skipper BJ, and Samet JM. Heritability of ventilatory 

function in smoking and nonsmoking New Mexico Hispanics. American Review of 

Respiratory Disease 1991;144(4):770œ775. 

253. Cruickshanks KJ, Hamman RF, Klein R, Nondahl DM, and Shetterly SM. The prevalence of 

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254. Dietz VJ, Novotny TE, Rigau-Perez JG, and Schultz JM. Smoking-attributable mortality, 

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the Pan American Health Organization 1991;25(1):77œ86. 

255. Firoozi B, Vega KJ, Holland BK, Koliver MG, and Trotman BW. Epidemiologic pattern of 

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Academic Minority Physicians 1999;10(2):44œ47. 

256. Frey JL, Jahnke HK, and Bulfinch EW. Differences in stroke between white, Hispanic, and 

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1998;29(1):29œ33. 

257. Gamsky TE, Schenker MB, McCurdy SA, and Samuels SJ. Smoking, respiratory symptoms, 

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258. Gillum RF. Epidemiology of stroke in Hispanic Americans. Stroke 1995;26(9):1707œ1712. 

259. Gomez MA, Velazquez M, and Hunter RF. Outline of the Human Retrovirus Registry: 

Profile of a Puerto Rican HIV infected population. Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de 

Puerto Rico 1997;89(7œ9):111œ116. 

260. Harwood DG, Barker WW, Loewenstein DA, Ownby RL, George-Hyslop P, Mullan M, and 

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18
261. Hayes RB, Bravo-Otero E, Kleinman DV, Brown LM, Fraumeni JF, Jr., Harty LC, and 

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262. Hu FB, Persky V, Flay BR, and Richardson J. An epidemiological study of asthma 

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263. Ishibe N, Wiencke JK, Zuo ZF, McMillan A, Spitz M, and Kelsey KT. Susceptibility to lung 

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264. Ishibe N, Wiencke JK, Zuo ZF, McMillan A, Spitz M, and Kelsey KT. Polymorphism in 

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Biomarkers 1998;3(3):219œ226. 

265. Kelsey KT, Spitz MR, Zuo ZF, and Wiencke JK. Polymorphisms in the glutathione Stransferase class mu and theta genes interact and increase susceptibility to lung cancer in 

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266. Li Y, Brandt-Rauf PW, Carney WP, Tenney DY, and Ford JG. Circulating anti-p53 

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1999;4(5):381œ390. 

267. Mapel DW, Coultas DB, James DS, Hunt WC, Stidley CA, and Gilliland FD. Ethnic 

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American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(5):833œ838. 

268. Mast H, Thompson JL, Lin IF, Hofmeister C, Hartmann A, Marx P, Mohr JP, and Sacco 

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1998;29(5):908œ912. 

269. Mendelson G, Aronow WS, and Ahn C. Prevalence of coronary artery disease, 

atherothrombotic brain infarction, and peripheral arterial disease: Associated risk factors 

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American Geriatrics Society 1998;46(4):481œ483. 

270. Mili F, Flanders WD, Boring JR, Annest JL, and Destefano F. The associations of race, 

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271. Mitchell BD, Kammerer CM, Blangero J, Mahaney MC, Rainwater DL, Dyke B, Hixson JE, 

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San Antonio Family Heart Study. Circulation 1996; 94(9):2159œ2170. 

272. Morgenstern LB, Steffen-Batey L, Smith MA, and Moye LA. Barriers to acute stroke 

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273. Ordunez-Garcia PO, Nieto FJ, Espinosa-Brito AD, and Caballero B. Cuban epidemic 

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274. Pillow PC, Hursting SD, Duphorne CM, Jiang H, Honn SE, Chang S, and Spitz MR. Casecontrol assessment of diet and lung cancer risk in African Americans and Mexican 

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275. Polednak AP. Lung cancer rates in the Hispanic population of Connecticut, 1980œ88. 

Public Health Reports 1993;108(4):471œ476. 

276. Quandt SA, Arcury TA, Preisser JS, Norton D, and Austin C. Migrant farmworkers and 

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Industrial Medicine 2000;37(3):307œ315. 

277. Reynes JF, Buechner JS, and Hesser JE. The health risk behaviors of black and Hispanic 

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Population Association of America. Miami, Florida. May 1994. 

19
278. Sacco RL, Kargman DE, and Zamanillo MC. Race-ethnic differences in stroke risk factors 

among hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction: The Northern Manhattan Stroke 

Study. Neurology 1995;45(4):659œ663. 

279. Sacco RL, Roberts JK, Boden-Albala B, Gu Q, Lin IF, Kargman DE, Berglund L, Hauser 

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multiethnic population: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 

1997;28(5):929œ935. 

280. Saposnik G, Caplan LR, Gonzalez LA, Baird A, Dashe J, Luraschi A, Llinas R, Lepera S, 

Linfante I, Chaves C, Kanis K, Sica RE, and Rey RC. Differences in stroke subtypes among 

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281. Shea S, Basch CE, Wechsler H, and Lantigua R. The Washington Heights-Inwood Healthy 

Heart Program: A 6-year report from a disadvantaged urban setting. American Journal of 

Public Health 1996;86(2):166œ171. 

282. Shetterly SM, Baxter J, Mason LD, and Hamman RF. Self-rated health among Hispanic vs. 

non-Hispanic white adults: The San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. American Journal 

of Public Health 1996;86(12):1798œ1801. 

283. Stein RT, Holberg CJ, Sherrill D, Wright AL, Morgan WJ, Taussig L, and Martinez FD. 

Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: The 

Tucson Children‘s Respiratory Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 

1999;149(11):1030œ1037. 

284. Strom SS, Wu S, Sigurdson AJ, Hsu TC, Fueger JJ, Lopez J, Tee PG, and Spitz MR. Lung 

cancer, smoking patterns, and mutagen sensitivity in Mexican-Americans. Journal of the 

National Cancer Institute Monographs 1995;(18):29œ33. 

285. Stroup-Benham CA, Markides KS, Espino DV, and Goodwin JS. Changes in blood pressure 

and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among older Mexican-Americans from 

1982œ1984 to 1993œ1994. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

1999;47(7):804œ810. 

286. Sundquist J, Winkleby MA, and Pudaric S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors among older 

black, Mexican-American, and white women and men: An analysis of NHANES III, 

1988œ1994. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2001;49(2):109œ116. 

287. Sundquist J and Winkleby MA. Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican American adults: A 

transcultural analysis of NHANES III, 1988œ1994. American Journal of Public Health 

1999;89(5):723œ730. 

288. Tan RS and Philip PS. Perceptions of and risk factors for andropause. Archives of 

Andrology 1999;43(3):227œ233. 

289. Vulimiri SV, Wu X, Baer-Dubowska W, de Andrade M, Detry M, Spitz MR, and DiGiovanni 

J. Analysis of aromatic DNA adducts and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in 

lymphocyte DNA from a case-control study of lung cancer involving minority 

populations. Molecular Carcinogenesis 2000;27(1):34œ46. 

290. Wahlgren DR, Meltzer SB, Jones JA, Hovell MF, and Meltzer EO. Home environment of 

low-income latino children with asthma exposed to household tobacco smoke. American 

Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1999;159:A775. 

291. Wei M, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM, and Stern MP. Effects of cigarette smoking, diabetes, 

high cholesterol, and hypertension on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease 

mortality in Mexican Americans: The San Antonio Heart Study. American Journal of 

Epidemiology 1996;144(11):1058œ1065. 

292. Winkleby MA, Kraemer HC, Ahn DK, and Varady AN. Ethnic and socioeconomic 

differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: Findings for women from the Third 

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988œ1994. Journal of the American 

Medical Association 1998;280(4):356œ362. 

293. Winkleby MA, Robinson TN, Sundquist J, and Kraemer HC. Ethnic variation in 

cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults: Findings from the 

Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988œ1994. Journal of the 

American Medical Association 1999;281(22):1006œ1013. 

20
294. Wood PR, Hidalgo HA, Prihoda TJ, and Kromer ME. Hispanic children with asthma 

morbidity. Pediatrics 1993;91:62œ69. 

295. Wu X, Shi H, Jiang H, Kemp B, Hong WK, Delclos GL, and Spitz MR. Associations 

between cytochrome P4502E1 genotype, mutagen sensitivity, cigarette smoking and 

susceptibility to lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 1997;18(5):967œ973. 

296. Wu X, Hsu TC, Cao S, Lee JJ, Amos CI, and Spitz MR. Deletion in poly(ADPribose)polymerase pseudogene and lung cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 1998;19(1):93œ98. 

297. Wu X, Hudmon KS, Detry MA, Chamberlain RM, and Spitz MR. D2 dopamine receptor 

gene polymorphisms among African-Americans and Mexican-Americans: A lung cancer 

case-control study. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 

2000;9(10):1021œ1026. 

Biomarkers and Smoking 

298. African Americans absorb more nicotine than whites and hispanics. Journal of the National 

Medical Association 1998;90:457œ458. 

299. Abrams J. Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels. Journal of the American 

Medical Association 1998;280(24):2075. 

300. Benowitz NL, Perez-Stable E, Herrera B, and Jacob P. Ethnic differences in nicotine 

metabolism: Evidence for lower CYP2A6 activity in Chinese Americans compared to 

hispanics or whites. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2000;67:OIA1-OIA1. 

301. Bonnin AJ, Montealegre F, and Gewurz A. Association of cigarette smoking with elevated 

serum IgE levels in Hispanic Puerto Rican men. Annals of Allergy 1991;67(6):609œ611. 

302. Caraballo RS, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF, Mowery PD, Richter PA, Strauss WJ, Sharp DJ, 

Eriksen MP, Pirkle JL, and Maurer KR. Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine 

levels of cigarette smokers: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 

1988œ1991. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998;280(2):135œ139. 

303. Coultas DB, Stidley CA, and Samet JM. Cigarette yields of tar and nicotine and markers of 

exposure to tobacco smoke. American Review of Respiratory Disease 

1993;148(2):435œ440. 

304. Crawford FG, Mayer J, Santella RM, Cooper TB, Ottman R, Tsai WY, Simon-Cereijido G, 

Wang M, Tang D, and Perera FP. Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke in 

preschool children and their mothers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 

1994;86(18):1398œ1402. 

305. Donahue RP, Zimmet P, Bean JA, Decourten M, DeCarlo Donahue RA, Collier G, Goldberg 

RB, Prineas RJ, Skyler J, and Schneiderman N. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and 

physical activity in relation to serum leptin levels in a multiethnic population: The Miami 

Community Health Study. Annals of Epidemiology 1999;9(2):108œ113. 

306. Perez-Stable EJ, Benowitz NL, and Marin G. Is serum cotinine a better measure of cigarette 

smoking than self-report? Preventive Medicine 1995;24(2):171œ179. 

307. Wei M, Stern MP, and Haffner SM. Serum leptin levels in Mexican Americans and nonHispanic whites: Association with body mass index and cigarette smoking. Annals of 

Epidemiology 1997;7(2):81œ86. 

Environmental Tobacco Smoke 

308. Deliang T, Warburton D, Tannenbaum SR, Skipper P, Santella RM, Cereijido GS, Crawford 

FG, and Perera FP. Molecular and genetic damage from environmental tobacco smoke in 

young children. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999;8(5):427œ431. 

21
309. Henkin L, Zaccaro D, Haffner S, Karter A, Rewers M, Sholinsky P, and Wagenknecht L. 

Cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and insulin sensitivity: The 

Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Annals of Epidemiology 1999;9(5):290œ296. 

310. Pletsch PK. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among Hispanic women of 

reproductive age. Public Health Nursing 1994;11(4):229œ235. 

311. Preston AM, Ramos LJ, Calderon C, and Sahai H. Exposure of Puerto Rican children to 

environmental tobacco smoke. Preventive Medicine 1997;26(1):1œ7. 

312. Preston AM, Rodriguez C, Rivera CE, and Sahai H. Determinants of environmental tobacco 

smoke in a population of Puerto Rican children. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 

2001;3(1):61œ70. 

313. Tang D, Warburton D, Tannenbaum SR, Skipper P, Santella RM, Cereijido GS, Crawford 

FG, and Perera FP. Molecular and genetic damage from environmental tobacco smoke in 

young children. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999;8(5):427œ431. 

314. Wartenberg D, Ehrlich R, and Lilienfeld D. Environmental tobacco smoke and childhood 

asthma: Comparing exposure metrics using probability plots. Environmental Research 

1994;64(2):122œ135. 

Marketing 

315. Altman DG, Schooler C, and Basil MD. Alcohol and cigarette advertising on billboards. 

Health Education Research 1991;6(4):487œ490. 

316. Ammerman SD and Nolden M. Neighborhood-based tobacco advertising targeting 

adolescents. Western Journal of Medicine 1995;162(6):514œ518. 

317. Mabry M. Fighting ads in the inner city: A grass-roots battle against —minority marketing.“ 

Newsweek 1990;115:46. 

318. Moore DJ, Williams JD, and Qualls WJ. Target marketing of tobacco and alcohol-related 

products to ethnic minority groups in the United States. Ethnicity & Disease 

1996;6(1œ2):83œ98. 

319. Pucci LG, Joseph HM, Jr., and Siegel M. Outdoor tobacco advertising in six Boston 

neighborhoods: Evaluating youth exposure. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 

1998;15(2):155œ159. 

22
Index of Citations ___________________________________________________________________________

Absenteeism: 

88, 251 

Academic Achievement: 

101, 157 

Acculturation: 

1, 3, 7, 9, 18, 21, 27, 33, 40, 42, 45, 48, 53, 

56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 71, 76, 92, 

104, 106, 108, 112, 121, 125, 136, 141, 

146, 152, 153, 154, 161, 168, 194, 201, 

217, 222, 223, 224, 227, 230, 232, 233, 

282, 294 

Advertising: 

72, 126, 315, 316, 318, 319 

Advocacy: 

210, 233, 236 

Advice: 

68, 225 

African-American: 

8, 10, 16, 19, 24, 25, 26, 29, 35, 41, 52, 54, 

62, 69, 74, 78, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 

92, 93, 95, 99, 102, 110, 111, 116, 117, 

118, 119, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 

133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 

143, 144, 145, 148, 151, 153, 157, 158, 

159, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 

172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 181, 186, 187, 

188, 189, 192, 194, 197, 199, 202, 203, 

210, 212, 214, 231, 234, 236, 239, 240, 

248, 251, 255, 258, 262, 264, 265, 266, 

268, 270, 274, 277, 278, 279, 284, 292, 

295, 296, 302, 304, 305, 308, 309, 313, 

314, 315, 318 

Alcohol: 

10, 14, 15, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 43, 44, 47, 

48, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 83, 90, 92, 94, 95, 

97, 98, 100, 105, 108, 109, 115, 120, 123, 

134, 137, 138, 139, 146, 154, 167, 168, 

171, 173, 175, 179, 186, 205, 208, 210, 

215, 221, 224, 242, 253, 256, 260, 261, 

271, 277, 305, 307, 315, 317, 318 

Anglo-American: 

1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 29, 

30, 32, 39, 41, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 61, 62, 

63, 67, 69, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 

87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 100, 101, 102, 110, 111, 

113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 123, 125, 126, 

128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 

139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 

151, 152, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 

166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 

175, 176, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 

194, 197, 199, 217, 219, 223, 224, 231, 

233, 234, 243, 248, 250, 251, 253, 255, 

256, 258, 260, 262, 267, 268, 270, 272, 

278, 279, 282, 283, 284, 288, 291, 292, 

293, 294, 298, 300, 302, 305, 307, 309, 

315, 316, 318 

Argentina: 

249, 280 

Asian: 

8, 34, 35, 54, 62, 78, 90, 101, 110, 111, 

124, 133, 135, 141, 148, 157, 164, 165, 

177, 181, 194, 315 

Asthma: 

13, 248, 251, 262, 283, 314 

Attitude: 

4, 16, 26, 44, 51, 56, 67, 78, 86, 87, 103, 

107, 109, 111, 125, 132, 136, 144, 149, 

151, 152, 154, 156, 172, 187, 189, 191, 

192, 206, 217, 218, 219, 223, 227, 234, 

236, 281 

Belief(s): 

1, 67, 132, 158, 163, 234 

Biculturalism: 

121 

Biochemical Analysis: 

308, 311, 312 

Birth weight: 

10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 32, 33, 283 

Cancer: 

26, 45, 63, 77, 79, 91, 98, 138, 148, 186, 

190, 200, 201, 202, 212, 216, 221, 225, 

23
239, 242, 243, 247, 249, 255, 261, 263, 

264, 265, 266, 274, 275, 276, 284, 289, 

295, 296, 297, 313 

Carbon Monoxide: 

113, 197, 303 

Cardiovascular Disease: 

18, 39, 51, 74, 76, 80, 212, 227, 250, 253, 

256, 268, 269, 271, 280, 281, 285, 287, 

291, 292, 293, 299, 309 

Cessation: 

6, 23, 27, 39, 50, 51, 53, 64, 67, 68, 70, 72, 

73, 78, 79, 82, 119, 188, 189, 190, 198, 

201, 202, 207, 209, 212, 213, 214, 216, 

218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 226, 228, 229, 

230, 232, 233, 235, 270, 281, 296 

Chicano: 

Cigarillo: 

221 

Cognition: 

203, 207 

College Student(s): 

82, 97, 125, 181, 215, 177 

Comorbidity: 

280, 284 

Coping: 

3, 166 

Cotinine: 

6, 66, 195, 214, 230, 232, 299, 302, 303, 

304, 306, 308, 311, 312, 313, 314 

Cuban: 

22, 38, 49, 5, 139, 168, 169, 241, 246, 249, 

251, 273 

Culture: 

10, 11, 16, 30, 40, 45, 53, 56, 62, 69, 72, 

75, 76, 77, 99, 108, 133, 140, 141, 143, 

146, 147, 149, 165, 169, 180, 198, 201, 

212, 218, 219, 220, 222, 227, 230, 233, 

240, 277, 296, 310 

Dental Health: 

200, 225 

Dependence: 

230 

Depression: 

24, 46, 47, 55, 60, 65, 77, 123, 129, 138, 

141, 156, 157, 228, 233, 306 

Diabetes: 

18, 256, 268, 269, 271, 272, 286, 287, 291, 

292 

Diet: 

14, 45, 59, 63, 80, 91, 102, 227, 241, 246, 

247, 274, 304 

Drugs: 

30, 41, 44, 72, 75, 83, 90, 94, 95, 100, 105, 

110, 111, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 

123, 124, 130, 131, 134, 136, 138, 139, 

146, 158, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174, 175, 

179, 180, 196, 205, 208, 236, 262 

Education: 

6, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 24, 28, 31, 42, 45, 51, 

57, 60, 61, 63, 65, 67, 71, 73, 74, 76, 79, 

80, 82, 85, 88, 90, 93, 94, 97, 101, 105, 

107, 109, 110, 112, 116, 117, 119, 127, 

131, 135, 136, 141, 142, 145, 149, 150, 

155, 156, 158, 179, 200, 203, 212, 215, 

217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227, 

231, 232, 236, 240, 251, 260, 272, 277, 

278, 281, 285, 287, 292, 293, 306 

El Salvador: 

73 

Elderly: 

4, 43, 57, 58, 78, 242, 260, 268, 269, 278, 

279, 285, 286 

Emigration and Immigration: 

73, 77, 109, 152, 215 

Employment: 

9, 26, 42, 63, 65, 206, 210, 244, 267, 310, 

312 

Evaluation: 

97, 167, 208, 214, 215, 222, 226, 233, 281 

24

10 
Exercise: 

4, 25, 58, 76, 80, 91, 145, 182, 227, 246, 

271, 281, 286, 305 

Family Characteristics: 

1, 3, 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 26, 37, 42, 54, 61, 

64, 67, 72, 76, 87, 90, 98, 101, 103, 106, 

107, 109, 110, 111, 114, 122, 128, 133, 

135, 136, 141, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 

157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169, 

170, 174, 176, 177, 180, 182, 192, 194, 

201, 208, 215, 218, 219, 233, 234, 236, 

238, 242, 244, 252, 262, 271, 272, 276, 

283, 285, 294, 308, 310, 311, 312 

Focus Groups: 

23, 26, 98, 146, 148, 227 

Genetics: 

248, 252, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 271, 

284, 289, 295, 296, 297, 308, 313 

Geography: 

8, 10, 11, 19, 27, 29, 69, 114, 115, 206, 

242, 259, 277 

Health Behavior: 

3, 9, 15, 19, 21, 25, 26, 45, 53, 54, 55, 58, 

60, 61, 62, 67, 70, 73, 77, 85, 91, 94, 132, 

150, 155, 176, 182, 188, 207, 212, 218, 

219, 220, 224, 227, 236, 286 

Health Services Accessibility: 

10, 11, 77, 251, 272 

HIV Infections: 

259 

Hypertension: 

18, 43, 51, 76, 80, 256, 258, 260, 268, 269, 

272, 277, 278, 279, 280, 285, 286, 288, 

291 

Income: 

10, 13, 19, 21, 25, 28, 33, 42, 45, 67, 71, 

74, 157, 199, 229, 272 

Indians, North American: 

35, 87, 90, 126, 256, 267 

Initiation: 

111, 115, 130, 131, 135, 241 

Knowledge: 

51, 57, 63, 67, 73, 83, 86, 87, 91, 93, 101, 

103, 109, 126, 127, 145, 146, 150, 151, 

155, 203, 222, 227, 231, 240 

Label: 

24, 221, 224 

Language: 

15, 29, 40, 53, 58, 60, 64, 71, 72, 76, 77, 

104, 106, 112, 126, 136, 164, 214, 227, 

232, 286, 287 

Latin American: 

65, 83, 95, 108, 138, 152, 171, 249, 254, 

308 

Mass Media: 

41, 72, 210, 226 

Menopause: 

28, 288 

Mental Health: 

1, 108, 138, 181 

Mexican-American: 

1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 21, 22, 28, 29, 30, 

31, 32, 33, 39, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 55, 57, 

58, 59, 60, 70, 76, 80, 137, 149, 155, 156, 

162, 174, 175, 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 

207, 209, 217, 239, 245, 250, 251, 258, 

263, 265, 271, 272, 274, 284, 285, 287, 

289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 

302, 307, 310 

Models, Theoretical: 

10, 12, 60, 162, 171, 252, 302, 307 

Mood: 

60, 228 

Motivation: 

46, 79, 102, 170, 188, 189, 231, 232 

Nutrition: 

7, 45, 58, 76, 91, 241, 245, 246, 251, 273, 

285, 286, 292, 293, 310 

Occupational Exposure: 

206, 216, 243, 266, 267, 276 

Peers: 

87, 93, 103, 106, 107, 122, 126, 133, 135, 

136, 141, 152, 153, 162, 164, 169, 171, 

173, 176, 240 

25
Personality: 

46, 93, 176, 181 

Passive Smoking: 

308 

Pharmacology: 

284, 295 

Physicians: 

68, 171, 200, 234, 281 

Policy Formation: 

116, 206 

Pregnancy: 

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 

23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 94, 212, 214, 

217, 235 

Psychiatric Disorders: 

46, 55, 181, 228, 306 

Puerto Rican 

12, 16, 22, 27, 49, 52, 53, 59, 68, 92, 95, 

96, 113, 132, 144, 147, 174, 200, 206, 242, 

245, 248, 249, 251, 254, 259, 261, 301, 

310, 311, 312 

Religion: 

Respiratory Disease: 

251, 252, 257, 267, 303 

Risk Taking: 

3, 4, 15, 21, 59, 64, 75, 85, 91, 94, 102, 

105, 108, 117, 120, 121, 131, 134, 136, 

152, 155, 167, 169, 176, 277 

Rural Population: 

74, 126, 145 

Schools: 

13, 17, 24, 26, 30, 31, 45, 52, 77, 85, 90, 

91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 105, 110, 113, 115, 

117, 122, 123, 131, 135, 138, 147, 158, 

159, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174, 176, 186, 

200, 202, 212, 215, 216, 234, 235, 242, 

244, 248, 253, 260, 262, 265, 266, 269, 

272, 282, 287, 292, 293, 308, 309, 310, 

313, 314, 319 

Self-Help Groups: 

214, 218, 230, 232, 233 

Self Concept: 

25, 92, 145, 173, 203 

Self-Efficacy: 

26, 152, 164, 189, 230 

Self Esteem: 

93, 145, 182 

Sex Behavior: 

95, 118, 121, 123, 133, 148, 156, 163, 166, 

167, 182, 247 

Social Class: 

10, 11, 29, 42, 47, 128, 274, 277 

Social Identity: 

72, 129 

Social Influences: 

104, 114, 115, 133, 161, 171, 178 

Social Norms: 

136, 157, 164, 222, 236, 310 

Social Support: 

3, 78, 109, 122 

Socialization: 

56, 157, 162, 189 

Sociocultural Factors: 

58, 109, 140, 143, 147 

Socioeconomic Factors: 

6, 10, 11, 14, 19, 26, 30, 47, 49, 51, 58, 62, 

70, 71, 72, 74, 77, 80, 82, 103, 114, 117, 

125, 126, 129, 140, 142, 145, 150, 153, 

154, 179, 182, 199, 210, 229, 248, 254, 

272, 277, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 292, 

293, 312, 318, 319 

South America: 

229, 230, 249, 280 

Stress: 

102, 120, 166, 171 

Stroke: 

26

88 
74, 256, 258, 268, 269, 272, 278, 279, 280,

285

Substance Abuse:

3, 10, 20, 24, 29, 30, 41, 48, 64, 77, 83, 90,

100, 101, 102, 105, 108, 120, 121, 122,

123,

130, 131, 134, 137, 138, 139, 159, 166,

167,

169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 179, 186, 208,

236

Suicide:

121, 123

Tars:

303

Tobacco Industry:

234, 319

Toxicity: 

83, 241 

Transdermal Nicotine: 

209, 213 

Treatment: 

158, 231, 235, 256, 260, 272, 288 

Urban Areas: 

27, 28, 51, 73, 93, 112, 151, 153, 166, 167, 

171, 173, 197, 203, 255, 281, 319 

Violence: 

26, 31, 94, 167, 175 

Weight Control: 

10, 11, 17, 28, 39, 55, 80, 125, 209, 227, 

277, 285, 286, 287, 292, 293, 305, 306, 

307 

27
National Latino Council on 

Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service • National Institutes of Health • National Cancer Institute

NIH Publication No. 02-5102

February 2002