### 1 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY
AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

### UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON

, D.C. 20460

Date: May 6, 2014

PC Code: 084701

MEMORANDUM DP Barcode: 417576

SUBJECT: Registration Review: Draft Problem Formulation for Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Human Health Drinking Water Exposure Assessments for Etridiazole

FROM: Karen Milians, Ph.D., Chemist Catherine Aubee, Biologist

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

REVIEWED

BY: Jim Carleton, Ph.D., Senior Scientist Thomas Steeger, Ph.D., Senior Advisor

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

THROUGH: Sarah Winfield, Acting Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate a nd Effects Division (7507P)

TO: Margaret Hathaway, Chemical Review Manager Tom Myers, Team Leader Risk Management and Implementation Branch II

Pesticide Re-Evalua tion Division (7508P)

1. Executive summary



### The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (E FED) has completed the preliminary problem formulation for the ecological risk, environmenta l fate, endangered species, and drinking water assessments to be conducted as part of the regi stration review of the fu ngicide etridiazole (also

referred as Terrazole ® 

### , CAS No: 2593-15-9). The problem form ulation describes the methods to be used during the completion of drinking wate r and ecological risk as sessments in support of registration review and provides an overview of the environmental fate, ecological effects, and

### 2 potential risks associated with the use of etridiazole. It desc ribes uncertainties which may be

encountered in the risk assessment and identifies additional studies and other information that

would be beneficial to its c onduct. Below is a summary of data needs and uncertainties.

 The following additional studies are recomm ended to support the risk assessment for etridiazole (40 CFR Part 158.1300):

o Environmental Chemistry Methods (ECM ) for Soil and Water and Associated Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV ), OCSPP Guideline 850.6100 is needed to support field dissipation studies.

o Aerobic aquatic metabolism study, OCSPP Guideline 835.4300.

o Anaerobic aquatic metabolis m study, OCSPP Guideline 835.4400.

 The revised ecological risk assessment (DP Barcode 265767+, 2000) for the Reregistration Eligibility Decisi on (RED) identified ecologica l data gaps for etridiazole degradates. The following studies were neither submitted nor waived and remain as data

gaps:

o Acute toxicity to estuarine/marine fish using the degradate 3-DCMT (Guideline 72- 3, OCSPP Guideline 850.1075 1 

### )

o Acute toxicity to freshwater fish using the degradate 3-Carb-T (Guideline 72-1, OCSPP Guideline 850.1075)

o Acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrate s using the degradate 3-Carb-T (Guideline 72-2, OCSPP Guideline 850.1010 2 

### )

 The following additional studies are recomm ended to support the risk assessment for etridiazole, based on the most current ecological data requi rements (40 CFR Part 158.630 3



### et seq. ) and risk assessment guidance:

o Acute oral toxicity to passerine birds using etridiazole technical grade active ingredient (TGAI) (OCSPP Guideline 850.2100 4 

### )

o Acute contact toxicity to adult hone y bee using TGAI (OCSPP Guideline

850.3020 5 

### )

o Acute oral toxicity to adult honey bee using TGAI ( e.g ., OECD 213 6 

### )

o Larval toxicity to honey bee using TGAI ( e.g ., OECD 237 7 

### , requires protocol submission)

1 USEPA. 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1075 Fi sh Acute Toxicity Test, Freshw ater and Marine. EPA 712-C-96 -118. April 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsmnt/pubs/frs/publications/OPPTS_Harm onized/850_Ecological_Effects_ Test_Guidelines/Drafts/850- 1075.pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

2 USEPA. 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1010. Aquatic Invertebrate Acute T oxicity Test, Freshwater Daphni ds. EPA 712-C-96.114. April 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsmnt/pubs/frs/publica tions/OPPTS_Harmonized/850_Ecological_Eff ects_Test_Guidelines /Drafts/850-1010.pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

3 CFR. 2014. Title 40 (Protection of the Environment), Part 158 (Data Requirements fo r Pesticides) Subpart G (Ecological Effect s) §158.630 (Terrestrial and aquatic nontarget or ganism data requirements table). http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/textidx?SID=b89b30110740e33a25b44c51806f0f 62&node=40:25.0.1.1.9.7.1.1&rgn=div8 (last accessed 03/26/14).

4 USEPA. 2012. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OCSPP 850.2100: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test. EPA 712-C-025 January 2012. file:///C:/Users/tsteeger/Downloads /EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009- 0154-0010%20(3).pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

5 USEPA. 2012. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OCSPP 850.3020: Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity Test. EPA 712_C-019. Janua ry 2012. file:///C:/Users/tsteeger/Downloads/E PA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0154- 0016%20(12).pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

6 OECD. 1998. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Honeybees, Acut e Oral Toxicity Test. OECD/OCDE 213 Adopted: 21 st September 1998. http://www.oecdilibrary.org/docserver/download/9721301e .pdf?expires=1395850163&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=DA5C05C00A6B947E222C562C20D

9EDA1 (last accessed 03/26/14)

7 OECD. 2013. OECD Guidelines for th e Testing of Chemicals. Honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) larval toxicity test, single exposure. OECD/OCDE 237 Adopted 26 July 2013. http://www.oecdilibrary.org/docserver/download/971 3171e.pdf?expires=1395849980&id=id&accname=gue st&checksum=486E98B9ADBE06C29723801743480

A3B (last accessed 03/26/14)

### 3 o Freshwater fish full life cycle test using TGAI (OCSPP Guideline 850.1500 8



### , requires protocol submission)

o Fish early life stage test (estuarine/mar ine species) using TGAI (OCSPP Guideline

850.1400 9 

### )

o Mysid chronic toxicity test us ing TGAI (OCSPP Guideline 850.1350 10 

### )

o Terrestrial plants seedling emergence a nd seedling growth using an etridiazole typical end-use product ( TEP) (OCSPP Guideline 850.4100 11 

### )

o Terrestrial plants vegetative vi gor using TEP (OCSPP Guideline 850.4150 12 

### )

o Aquatic plant toxicity test using Lemna ssp. using TEP (OCSPP Guideline

850.4400 13 

### )

Additionally, the mass of active ingredient (a.i.) pe r granule is needed to assess exposure and risk

to terrestrial vertebrate s from granular products.

2. Introduction



### Etridiazole is a soil fungicide that belongs to the thiazole famil y. Etridiazole is used against a narrow range of plant pathogenic soil fungi (water mold species of the Fusarium

, Pythium

, Rhizoctonia , and Phytophthora genera of fungi). In addition, the chemical is also an inhibitor of soil nitrification and is applied to delay nitrific ation of ammonia and urea -based fertilizers by inhibiting the activity of bacteria in the Nitrosomonas genus (USEPA, 2000a).

Etridiazole is formulated as emulsifiable conc entrate, wettable powder, granular, and soluble concentrate with application methods that in clude: ground spray, aerial spray, soil in furrow treatment, broadcast, soil drench treatment, and chemigation. The maximum single application

rate for etridiazole is on orname ntals at 26.1 pounds of active ingred ient per acre (lbs a.i./A).

EFED examined the most recent environmental fa te and ecological risk assessments for the reregistration eligibility decision (RED) of etridi azole (USEPA, 2000a) in association with updated toxicity, exposure, and usage information to dete rmine if additional data are needed to support Registration Review. In addition, EFED considered the latest Agency sc ience policies and risk assessment methodologies. There have not been a ny new actions for etridiazole since publication of the RED in September, 2000.

8 USEPA. 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1500 Fish life cycle toxicity. EPA 712-C-96-122. April 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsmnt/pubs/frs/publica tions/OPPTS_Harmonized/850_Ecological_Eff ects_Test_Guidelines /Drafts/850-1500.pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

9 USEPA. 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1400 Fi sh Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test. EPA 712-C096-121. April 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsmnt/pubs/frs/publica tions/OPPTS_Harmonized/850_Ecological_Eff ects_Test_Guidelines /Drafts/850-1400.pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

10 USEPA. 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1350 Mysid Chronic Toxicity Test. EPA 712-C-96-120. April 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsmnt/pubs/frs/publica tions/OPPTS_Harmonized/850_Ecological_Eff ects_Test_Guidelines /Drafts/850-1350.pdf (last accessed 03.26.14).

11 USEPA. 2012. Ecological Effects Test Guideline OCSPP 850.4100: Seedling Emergence and Seed ling Growth. EPA 712-C-012. January

2012. file:///C:/Users/tsteeger/Downloads/E PA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0154- 0023%20(1).pdf (last accessed 03/26/14)

12 USEPA. 2012. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OC SPP 850.4150: Vegetative Vigor. EPA 712-C-011. Ja nuary 2012. file:///C:/Users/tsteeger/Downloads /EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009- 0154-0024%20(2).pdf (last accessed 03/26/14)

13 USEPA. 2012. Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OCSPP 850.4400: Aquatic Plant Toxicity Test Using Lemna spp. EPA 712-C-008. J anuary 2012. file:///C:/Users/tsteeger/Downloads/E PA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0154- 0027%20(1).pdf (last accessed 03/26/14).

### 4 3. Use Characterization



### Etridiazole is used as a soil-incorporated fungici de, and is currently registered for use on cotton, tobacco, tomato, turf (golf-cour se tees, greens and fairways ), on ornamental plants, and commercial nurseries. Currently, etridiazole ha s a total of seventee n active labels.

The current maximum single app lication rate is 26.1 lbs a.i./A for orna mentals (granular formulation, EPA Reg. No.: 58185-13 ); however, the maximum annual application is not specified

for this use on the label and it is the soluble concentrate formulat ion (EPA Reg. No.: 400-575) that has the maximum annual application rate of 28 lbs a.i./A (14 lbs a.i./A x 2 applications) for the

same use.

A Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) was prepared by Biological and Economical Analysis Division (BEAD) for etridiazole in 2014 that pr ovides percent crop treated for cotton for which usage data was available. Use for cotton ove r the SLUA timeframe (1998-2011) accounted for l00% of the agricultural etridiazole usage. For the years 1998-2012, etridiazole annual agricultural usage averaged 23,000 pounds of active ingredient (a .i.) treating an average of 126,000 acres, for an overall average applica tion rate of 0.1825 lbs a.i./acre. Use in terms of both pounds a.i. and total area treated peaked in 2000, and has been steadil y declining until the most recent years for which data are available (Pr oprietary data, 1998-2012).

This chemical's usage both in terms of total pounds and total area treated are in decline. BEAD information indicates 14,000 lbs etridiazole used on U.S. turf and ornamental uses for 2012 (EPA Proprietary Data, 2012).

The chemical profile produced by BEAD lists th e use patterns of maximum exposures for the

current uses of etridiazole. EFED will use application scenarios th at result in maximum exposure scenarios for a given use for the risk assessment.

4. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments



### The RED document for etridiazole (USEPA, 2000b) was issued in September 2000. Based on the RED analysis of the environmental fate, ecotoxicit y, and registered uses of etridiazole, exposure to etridiazole resulting from the maximum applic ation rate may cause chronic risk levels of concern (LOCs) to be exceeded for te rrestrial and aquatic organisms.

a. Ecological Risk Assessment



### The major environmental fate conclusions presented in the RED were as follows:

1. Etridiazole has properties and characteristics associated with chemicals detected in ground water. The use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in ground-water

contamination.

### 5 2. Etridiazole may contaminate drinking water when etridiazole reaches surface water through spray drift. Additionally, under some conditions, it may also have high potential for runoff into surface water for several weeks post-application. These include poorly draining or wet soils with readily visible slopes toward adjacent surface waters, frequently flooded areas, areas over-laying extremely shallow ground water, areas with in-field canals or ditches that drain to surface water, areas not separated from adjacent surface wa ter with vegetated filter strips.

Potential risk issues identified in the RED are briefly summarized in Table 1 . The use of

etridizaole on turf at the maximum labeled rate wa s associated with risk exceeding LOCs for most taxa for which toxicity data were available. Th e use on cotton was associated with chronic risk to

birds. Seed treatment uses were assessed in th e RED but have since been removed from the current

list of active labels.

Table 1. Summary of Potential Issues Identifi ed for Etridiazole in Previous Assessments

Birds Mammal

s Terr.

Plants Terr.

Inverts Fish BCF Aquatic

Inverts Aquatic

Plants Groundwater

Contamination Persistenc

e Degradates

of Concern

Yes Yes a No

Data No

Data Yes No Yes b Yes Possible Risk LowModerate c Yes d

Yes = at least one LOC has been exceeded in previous assessments; No = LOCs have not been exceeded in previous

assessments.

a Data gap for chronic toxicity to mammals.

b RQs exceeded the LOC for acute risk to listed species only.

c Moderately persistent in aquatic environment and non-pe rsistent in terrestrial envi ronment (Goring scale, 1975).

d Pending the submission of additiona l data for 3-DCMT and 3-Carb-T.



### b. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments



### EFED conducted a risk assessment of etridiazole as part of the RED in 2000 for the uses on barley, beans, corn, cotton, peanuts, peas, sorghum, so ybeans, safflower, wheat, horticultural nurseries, non-bearing coffee, and golf course fairways, te es and greens for parent only (USEPA, 2000b). The turf use was expected to pose the highest risk due to having the highest annual application rate (3.8 lb a.i./A x 2 applications/year, 10 day in terval) for golf course and 3.8 lb a.i./A x 5 applications/year for tees and gr eens, 5-10 days interval) and was therefore used to estimate the environmental concentrations (EECs) in su rface as well as ground water. The EECs were calculated using GENEEC plus PRZM/EXAMS (s urface water) and SCIGROW (ground water). For surface water, the acute (peak) value wa s 228.09 ppb (Tier I, turf) or 2.2277 ppb (Tier II, cotton), and chronic values were 0.146 ppb (Tier II , cotton scenario) and 0. 05 ppb (Tier II cotton, overall mean). The ground water screening conc entration was 0.926 ppb. The Tier I value from GENEEC represented the upper-bound estimate of th e concentration that mi ght be found in surface water, which was the worst case scenario (no tu rf scenario was available in 2000). Based on 5 applications the EEC was 437 μg/L at 10-day in tervals. The ground water reported was 0.93 μg/L.

### 6 c. Clean Water Act Programs



### Etridiazole is not identified as a cause of im pairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. No Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) or water quality criteria have b een developed for etridiazole. 14



### 5. Environmental Fate and Transport



### Etridiazole is a mobile co mpound (FAO 2000) with low to m oderate persistence (Goring et al

. 1975). These properties generally w ould raise concerns related to the potential for ground and/or surface water contamination. However, application rates (on tobacco and tomatoes) are sufficiently low that prior assessments have found the chemi cal to pose relatively lo w contamination hazard to such waters. Relatively rapid dissipation vi a volatilization may be expected for the low application rates for tobacco and tomatoes. Turf , nurseries and ornament al plant uses, however, present a different situation because the application rates are very high (ranging from 9.81 lb a.i./A to 28 lb a.i./A for these uses) and therefore are more likely to result in surface and/or ground water contamination. Once in the aqueous environment, etridiazole may persist for long periods of time

due to its resistance to abiotic de gradation (i.e., etridiazole is mode rately persistent to hydrolysis and stable to aqueous photolysis).

Table 2 summarizes the physico-chemical properties of et ridiazole. Based on the chemical’s Henry’s Law Constant (3.08 x 10 -5 

### atm· m 3 

### ·mole -1 

### ), volatilization from water may or may not be significant depending on environmental conditions ( e.g ., depth of the water, temperature, wind speed and flow rate) (Thomas 1990). The chemical’s solubility in water is high (106 ppm) and the log octanol/water partition coefficient (K ow 

### ) is 2340, which indicates a potential to bioaccumulate. However, the BCF data suggest that the parent compound is being metabolized in fish and rapidly depurated.

The primary route of dissipation of etridiazole is volatilization and to a lesser degree aerobic soil metabolism. Etridiazole is stable to hydrolysis an d aqueous photolysis; howe ver, it is susceptible to soil photolysis. In aerobic soils etridiazole declines slowly, following a biphasic pattern consistent with a chemical that readily volatili zes and undergoes slow aer obic degradation. In the organic volatiles traps etridiazole was 10% of the applied at day 1, 30.1% by day 14 and 49.9% of the applied at 180 days post-treatm ent. Terrestrial field dissipation studies show that etridiazole has low to moderate persistence (t 1/2 

### = 4-33 days, based on Goring et al. 1975) and appears to suggest substantial volati lization as evidence by low recoveries one day after application (although no air sampling was conducted).

Etridiazole is expected to be moderately mobile in the environment, and is not expected to partition strongly to sediment Freundlich K ads 

### values were 8.2 for the sandy loam soil (4.0% organic matter, o.m.), 8.2 for the clay soil (7.2% o.m.), 5.1 for th e silt loam soil (2.7% o.m.), and 0.44 for the sand soil (0.16% o.m.); corresponding K oc 

### values of 349, 195, 323 and 469 mL/g, respectively (FAO scale, 2000). Despite its overall pers istence, under ideal conditions ( e.g. when the compound is

14 http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation_cy.cause_detail_303d?p_cause_group_id=885

### 7 present in favorable light conditions) the compound may rapidly phot odegrade in soil (t 1/2 

### =14.3 day).

Table 2. Chemical Properties and Environm ental Fate Parameters of Etridiazole

Parameter Value Description Reference

Chemical Classification Thiadiazole

Product Chemistry Molecular Formula C 5 H 5 Cl 3 N 2 OS

PC Code 084701

Chemical Name (IUPAC) ethyl 3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5- yl ether

Chemical Name (CAS) 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-

thiadiazole

CAS Number 2593-15-9

Pesticide Classification fungicide

Physical/ chemical property

data Molecular Weight 247.5 g/mol

Water Solubility at

20 o C (ppm) 106

Vapor pressure (25 o C) 1.073 x 10 -2 mmHg Volatile

Henry's Law Constant at pH 7 3.08 x 10 -5 

### atm· m 3 

### ·mole -1 May volatilize

Log Octanol/Water

Partition coefficient (log K

ow ) 2340 Potential to

bioaccumulate Product Chemistry

Persistence

Hydrolysis t1⁄2 = 82 days at pH 5.1 t1⁄2 = 83 days at pH 7.1 t1⁄2 = 81 days at pH 8.9 Moderately persistent Accession No.

00001650

Direct photolysis in water at pH 7 Stable Based on the absorption spectrum MRID 42872501

Photolysis on soil t1⁄2 = 14.3 days on sandy loam Non-persistent MRID 43124301

Aerobic soil

metabolism t 1/2 = 34 days Non-persistent MRID 43504301

Anaerobic soil

metabolism Not submitted

Anaerobic Aquatic

metabolism Invalid MRID 43504305

Aerobic aquatic

metabolism Not submitted

Field Dissipation

Terrestrial field

dissipation t 1/2 = 8 days (sandy loam soil) in bare ground and wettable product formulation Non-persistent when applied in different

formulations under MRID 44689602

### 8 Parameter Value Description Reference

3-Carb-T in bare ground

t 1/2 = 16 days (loamy sand) emulsifiable

concentrate formulation

t 1/2 = 4 days (Montell clay) granules

formulation diverse meteorological

conditions at different

locations MRID 44689603

3-DCMT in bare ground

t 1/2 = 33 days (sandy loam) and WP

formulation and formulation wettable product formulation MRID 44689604

Mobility

Leaching and absorption/desorption Parent

K
oc and K d in mL/g 349 and 8.2, sandy loam 195 and 8.2, clay 469 and 0.44, sand 323 and 5.1, Silt loam Moderately Mobile MRID 43504302

T-Carb Metabolite

K
oc and K d in mL/g 20 and 0.46, sandy loam 13 and 0.55, clay 16 and 0.01, sand 22 and 0.34, Silt loam Mobile MRID 43504303

3-DCMT Metabolite

K
oc and K d in mL/g 118 and 2.8, sandy loam 50 and 2.1, clay 148 and 0.13, sand 128 and 2.0, Silt loam Mobile to Moderately

Mobile MRID 43504304

Fish Bioconcentration

Bioconcentration in fish (BCF) 94 X (muscle) 328 X (non-edible tissue) 193 X (fish) Not prone to

bioaccumulate MRID

43241401

Laboratory Volatility

Laboratory Volatility 0.11-0.28 μg/cm 2 · hour at 6 hours 0.04-0.16 μg/cm 2 · hour at 24 hours

≤ 0.02 μg/cm 2 · hour at 120 through 336

hours Volatility is proportional to soil

moisture and relative

humidity (mostly parent was detected) MRID

43024101

AR=Applied Radioactivity Classification of persistency was based on Goring scale, 1975. Mobility was described using FAO, 2000.



### Etridiazole’s dissipation from soil is presumably dependent upon volatiliz ation, soil metabolism, leaching, and/or runoff. It may reach surface waters following rain events that produce runoff a few days to weeks after applications. Because etri diazole is moderately persistent to hydrolysis degradation it may persist in water bodies that have long residence times.

### 9 a. Transformation Products



### Two degradates of concern have been identified in laboratory stud ies and monitored in the field: 3-dichloromethyl-5-ethoxy- 1,2,4-thiadiazole (3-DCMT) a nd 5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3- carboxylic acid (3-Carb-T). In hydrolysis, photolysis in so il and aerobic soil, 3-Carb-T was found up to 72 %, 38% and 6.7% of the applied radio activity, respectively. Only 7% of the applied

formed as 3-DCMT in the aerobic soil meta bolism study, however, because of the structure similarities with the parent molecule, 3–DCMT wa s included as degradate of concern. In field dissipation studies, 3-Carb-T was persistent, mobile (relative to the parent compound) and was detected in the 24-30 inch depth wh ile the degradate 3-DCMT appeared to be persistent, but it did not leach substantially (was not detected below 6 inch depth at 123 days of treatment). However, in batch equilibrium studies both degradates had high mobility (refer to Table 2 for values).

Representing lower percentages of the total appl ied radioactivity, the following degradates have been detected in some studies: 5-hydro-3- trichloro methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (5-hydroxyetridiazole or 5-OH-Terr), 5-ethoxy-monochlor omethyl-1,2,4-thiadizole (3-monochloromethyletridiazole or 3-MCL-Terr) and oxalic acid.

It is unlikely for the etridiazole parent molecule to partition into sedime nt. However, there is uncertainty regarding th e potential for degradates of concern to form in other anaerobic

environments. The submitted anaerobic aquatic metabolism study (MRID 43504305) was classified as invalid, due in part to uncertainty in the study conditions, but the data showed that 3- DCMT formed up to 29% of applied. Without adequate data on anaerobic metabolism of etridiaozole, the Agency will be unable to quantit atively assess the potential exposure of nontarget organisms to etridiazole degradates of concern. Organisms may be exposed to degradates which form under anaerobic conditions if they inhabit a noxic or hypoxic environments, or if degradates

formed under anaereobic conditions are di stributed to aerobic environments.10Table 3. Etridiazole and Its Major Environmental DegradatesCode Name/SynonymChemical NameChemical StructureStudy TypeRef.(MRID)Maximum%AR (day)Final %AR (studylength)PARENTEtridiazole5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazoleCAS No.:2593-15-9Formula:C5H5Cl3N2OSMW:247.5 g/molSmile code:C(OC1=NC(=NS1)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)CTRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS3-dichloromethyl-5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole(3-DCMT)Formula:C5H6Cl2N2OSMW:213.1g/molSmile string:CCOC1=NC(=NS1)C(Cl)ClPhotolysis insoil431243012.19-2.78%at 14 days0.36-1.22%at 30dayAerobic soilmetabolism435043017% at 21days in soil2.9% at 180 day0.32 at 3 dayin volatiles6.1% of the appliedat 180 days5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid(3-Carb-T)CAS No.:Formula:C5H6N2O3SMW:174.2 g/molSmile string:O=C(O)C1=NSC(=N1)OCCHydrolysis 00001650 65.4-72.0%65.4-72.0% at 188daysPhotolysis insoil43124301 26.4-38.0%26.4-38.0% at 30dayAerobic soilmetabolism435043016.7% at 90days0.14% at 180 days5-hydro-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (5-hydroxy-etridiazole or5-OH-Terr)Formula:C3HCl3N2OSMW:219.473Smile string:O(C1=NC(=NS1)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)[H]Photolysis onsoil43124301 <0.67% throughout the study11Code Name/SynonymChemical NameChemical StructureStudy TypeRef.(MRID)Maximum%AR (day)Final %AR (studylength)5-ethoxymonochloromethyl1,2,4-thiadizole (3-monochloromethyletridiazole or 3-MCLTerr)Formula:C5H7ClN2OSMW:178.636 g/molSmile string:C(OC1=NC(=NS1)C(Cl)([H])[H])CPhotolysis onsoil43124301 <0.67% throughout the studyOxalic acidCAS No:144-62-7Formula:C2H2O4MW:90.03 g/molSmile string:C(=O)(C(=O)O)OHydrolysis 00001650Smallamounts (notspecified inthe study)Small amounts(not specified in thestudy)CO2CAS No:124-38-9Formula:CO2MW:44.01 g/molSmile string: C(=O)=OAerobic soilmetabolism4350430121.5-22.2%at 120-180days21.5-22.2% at 120-180 days

### 12 6. Receptors



### The most sensitive aquatic and terrestrial toxicity data for etridiazole and its degradates are

summarized in Table 4 and Table 5 , respectively. On an acute exposure basis, etridiazole is moderately toxic to both coldwater rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) with a median lethal concentration to 50% of the organism tested (LC 50 

### ) of 1.21 mg/L; Accession No. 0001703) and the warmwater bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) (LC 50 

### = 3.27 mg/L; Accession No. 0001703). Additional data were pr ovided on the toxicity of the etridiazole degradate 3-DCMT (MRID 44606702); the degradate is highly toxic (LC 50 

### = 0.77 mg/L)

to freshwater fish on an acute exposure basis.

Because of etridiazole’s acute toxicity to freshwater fish (rainbow trout LC 50 

### = 1.21 mg/L), likely persistence in water, and repeated app lication, an early life st age toxicity test is required. A rainbow trout early life-stage (ELS) test produced a no-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) of 0.12 mg/L (MRID 42834604) with the most sensitive endpoint being reduced larval weight in treated fi sh. The study was initially classified as supplemental but was upgraded to acceptable after the registrant provided additional information to demonstrate that neither pH nor water hardness affects the toxicity or solubility of etridiazole. A freshwater fish full lifecycl e study is recommended based on

the ratio of EECs to the ELS NOAEC.

A study submitted after publication of the RED supported the previous classification of etridiazole as moderately toxic to freshwater aquatic invertebrates (waterfleas; Daphnia

magna ) with a median effect concentration to 50% of the organism tested (EC 50 

### ) of 3.1 mg/L; MRID 45774801). A daphnid life cycle test produced a NOAEC = 0.37 mg/L (Putt 1993) with the most sensitive endpoi nt being reduction in growth.

Etridiazole has moderate toxicity (LC 50 

### 4.0 mg/L) to the estuar ine/marine sheepshead minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus ; Machado 1993c) and is moderately toxic (EC 50 

### 2.5 mg/L) both to estuarine/marine invertebrate mysid shrimp ( Americamysis bahia ; Machado 1993a) and Eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) with an EC 50 

### of 2.6 mg/L (Dionne 1993). Given the potential for estuarine/ marine exposure, particularly as a result of the chemical’s use on turf, both an estuarine/marine fish early life stage test and a mysid life cycle test are recommended. There are currently no chronic to xicity data available for estuarine/marine organisms exposed to etridiazole.

Based on both acute oral (LD 50 

### 560 - 1,640 ppm) (Fletcher 1972a; Fletcher 1972c) and subacute dietary (LC 50 

### 1,650 to > 5,000 ppm; MRID 00624790 and MRID 00624780) data, etridiazole is categorized as slightly toxic to birds. In mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ), food consumption was negatively correlated with the concentration of etridiazole in the

diet. No data have been submitted on the toxic ity of etridiazole to passerine birds. An avian reproduction study using bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ) resulted in reduced numbers of eggs laid, viable embryos, norma l hatchlings and 14-day survivors (NOAEC = 50 ppm) (MRID 43744101). In mallard duck, diet ary exposure in the avian reproduction

### 13 study resulted in reduced body weight in treated females as compared to controls (MRID 43744102).

Etridiazole is no more than slightly toxic to small mammals on an acute oral basis (LD 50 

### >1,028 ppm; MRID 43724501). Chronic toxicity te sting suggested a potential for chronic effects, but the two-generation reproduction stu dy in rats was classified as invalid and provides no endpoints suitable for risk assessment (Accession No. 000041698). A new two-generation reproduction study with rats ha s been submitted and is in review by the Health Effects Division (HED). An i nhalation study with Sprague-Dawley rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) resulted in clinical signs of toxicity but no mortalities fo r 14 days following the four-hour exposure period (MRID 43724503).

No toxicity data have been submitted for non- target terrestrial plan ts. With respect to aquatic plants, etridiazole app ears to be more toxic to nonvasc ular plants using green algae ( Raphidocelis subcapitata, formerly Pseudokirchnerie lla subcapitata ) with an LC 50 

### of 0.072 mg/L (Hoberg 1993b), than to vascular plants based on a study with duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) and an LC 50 

### of 8.1 mg/L (Hoberg 1993e). However, there is greater uncertainty surrounding the duckweed data due to poor test substance recovery and failure

to include solvent controls. A new test with vascular aquatic plants exposed to etridiazole (preferably TEP) is recommended to support risk estimation.

No data have been submitted on the toxicity of et ridiazole to terrestrial invertebrates ( i.e

., honey bee; Apis mellifera ) or to benthic aqua tic invertebrates ( e.g ., midge larvae; Chironomus spp .). Three screening-level tests (adu lt acute contact toxicity, adult acute oral toxicity, and larval toxicity) with honey bee are recommended. No data are

recommended for benthic invertebrates at this time because etridiazole is not expected to partition to sediment.

Table 4. Summary of the Most Sensitive Toxicity Endpoints for Etridiazole TGAI.

Group Species

(Common Name) Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID or Acc. No.
(Study Classification)

Aquatic Organisms

Freshwater

Fish § Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Rainbow Trout) LC 50 (96 hours) 1,210 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 0001703
(Acceptable)

NOAEC
(60 days posthatch) 120 μg a.i./L
(Larval weight) 42834604
(Supplemental)

Freshwater

Invertebrates Daphnia magna
(Water Flea) EC 50 (48 hours) 3,080 μg a.i./L
(Immobility) 45774801
(Acceptable)

NOAEC
(21 days) 370 μg a.i./L
(Dry weight) 42834605
(Acceptable)

Estuarine/

Marine Fish Cyprinodon variegatus
(sheepshead minnow) LC 50 (96 hours) 4,000 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 4283601
(Acceptable)

### 14 Group Species

(Common Name) Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID or Acc. No.
(Study Classification)

NOAEC
(28 days posthatch) Data Gap N/A

Estuarine/

Marine

Invertebrates Crassostrea virginica
(eastern oyster) EC 50 (96 hours) 2,600 μg a.i./L
(Shell Deposition) 4234602
(Supplemental)

Americamysis bahia
(mysid shrimp) LC 50 (96 hours) 2,500 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 42834603
(Acceptable)

Americamysis bahia
(mysid shrimp) NOAEC
(28 days) Data Gap N/A

Vascular Plants Lemna gibba
(duckweed) IC 50 (14 days) 8,120 μg a.i./L
(Frond number) 42834610
(Supplemental –
Data Gap ) NOAEC (14 days) 1,400 μg a.i./L (Frond number)

Nonvascular

Plants Raphidocelis subcapitata* (green algae) IC 50 (120 hours) 72 μg a.i./L (Cell Density) 42834606 (Acceptable) NOAEC
(120 hours) 2 μg a.i./L (Cell Density)

Terrestrial Organisms

Avian ‡ Colinus virginianus (northern bobwhite quail) Oral LD 50 560 mg a.i./kg-bw (Survival) 00002238 (Acceptable) Dietary LC 50

(5 days) >5,000 mg/kg-diet (Survival) 624780 (Supplemental)

NOAEC (27 weeks) 50 mg/kg-diet (Hatchling viability) 43744101 (Supplemental)

Anas platyrhynchos (mallard duck) Oral LD 50 1,640 mg a.i./kg-bw (Survival) 0003276 (Supplemental) Dietary LC 50

(5 days) 1,650 mg/kg-diet (Survival) 624790 (Supplemental)

NOAEC (27 weeks) 50 mg a.i./kg-diet † (Female body weight) 43774102 (Supplemental) passerine Oral LD 50 Data Gap N/A

Mammals Rattus norvegicus (laboratory rat) LD 50 1028 mg a.i./kg-bw 43724501 (Acceptable)

NOAEL Data Gap N/A

Inhalation LC 50 >5.7 mg/L 43724503 (Acceptable)

Terrestrial

Invertebrates Apis mellifera (honey bee) LD 50 (48 hours) Data Gap N/A

Plants (Vegetative

Vigor) Dicots IC 25

Data Gap (TEP) N/A NOAEC

Monocots IC 25 NOAEC

Plants (Seedling Emergence) Dicots IC 25 Data Gap (TEP) N/A NOAEC

Monocots IC 25

### 15 Group Species

(Common Name) Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID or Acc. No.
(Study Classification)

NOAEC

Abbreviations: ECx Concentration that results in an effect to x% of the population. ICx Concentration that results in average inhibition of x%. LCx Lethal concentration to x% of the population. TEP Typical end-use product. TGAI Technical grade active ingredient.

‡ Birds are surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

§ Freshwater fish are surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians. * Formerly Pseudokirchneriellaa subcapitata and Selenastrum capricornutum.



### The etridiazole degradate 3-DCMT is classified as highly toxic to fish (bluegill sunfish

LC 50 

### = 770 μg 3-DCMT/L, MRID 44606702). Following the RED, additional data were submitted showing that 3-DCMT is moderately toxic to freshwater invertebrates (daphnid

EC 50 

### = 1,100 μg 3-DCMT/L, MRID 45369401). Thes e data support the hypothesis that 3-

DCMT is a residue of concern in the risk assessment. Data gaps remain for the acute toxicity of 3-DCMT to estuarine/marine fish and for the acute toxi city of 3-Carb-T to

freshwater fish and invertebrates.

Table 5. Summary of Degradate Toxicity Data

Group Species Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID
(Study Classification)

5-ethxy-3-dichloromethyl-1,2 ,4-thiadiazole (3-DCMT)

Freshwater fish Onchorynchus mykiss LC 50 (96 hours) 770 μg 3-DCMT/L 44606702 (Acceptable)

Freshwater

invertebrates Daphnia magna EC 50 (48 Hours) 1,100 μg 3-DCMT/L 45369401 (Acceptable)

Estuarine/marine

fish Cyprinodon variegatus LC 50 (96 hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A

5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (3-Carb-T)

Freshwater fish Onchorynchus mykiss LC 50 (96 hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A

Freshwater

invertebrates Daphnia magna EC 50 (48 Hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A



### a. Ecological Incidents



### The Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS ) is an internal OPP database that houses ecological incidents that have been reported to the Agency. When available, EIIS includes

date and location of an incident , type and magnitude of effect s observed in various species, use(s) of pesticides known or suspected of contributing to the incident, and results of any chemical residue analysis or other analyses conducted during incident investigation. EIIS incidents are categorized according to the certaint y that the incident resulted from pesticide exposure. A search of the EIIS for ecological incidents run on Ma rch 25, 2014, identified no incident reports for etridiazole. Howeve r, incidents may have occurred due to etridiazole exposures but may not have been repor ted due to various factors, such as a lack

### 16 of reporting, or a lack of obser vation of effects. Therefore, th e lack of incident reports does not necessarily indicate the absence of incidents.

No plant or wildlife incidents have been re ported through OPP’s aggregate incident report

database and no avian incidents have been captured in the Avia n Incident Monitoring System (AIMS; American Bird Conservancy 2013) 15 

### as of March 25, 2014. The AIMS database contains publicly avai lable reports on pesticide-re lated avian incidents through

2005.

7. Exposure Pathways of Concern



### For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it mu st reach ecological receptors in biologically significant concentrations. An exposure path way is the means by which a pesticide moves in the environment from a source to an ecologi cal receptor. For an ecological pathway to be complete, it must include a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological r eceptors, and a feasible route of exposure.

The environmental fate properties of etri diazole indicate the following transport mechanisms for potential exposure to aquatic and terrestrial organisms:

 Direct contact

 Spray drift

 Runoff

 Groundwater discharge

 Volatilization

The environmental fate properties and use patterns of etridiazole indicate that direct spray, spray drift, and runoff represent likely transpor t mechanisms of etridiazole to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Aquatic animals may al so be exposed to etridiazole via groundwater in subterranean habitats, or following disc harge of subsurface wa ter to the surface ( e.g ., via springs, seeps, tile drainage); however, th e potential for exposur e via groundwater is expected to be lower than via runoff to surface water.

Environmental fate data suggest (but have not clearly demons trated) that etridiazole has the potential to volatilize; thus, inhalation expos ure is plausible. The Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR) 16 

### identifies inhalation to vapor (b ut not droplet) phase etridiazole as a potentially significant exposure route for avian species and suggests proceeding to refinements ( Appendix C ). Therefore, we considered the extent to which an acute inhalation toxicity study with birds would provide useful and necessary information for the ecological risk assessment. In the case of etridiazole, no mortality was observed in mammals exposed to aerosolized test substance at orders of magnitude above the saturation point. A comparison of the maximum anticipated vapor dose to adjusted inhalation toxicity

15 Available at: http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/ policy/toxins/aims/aims/index.cfm

16 The SIP and STIR models are described in detail at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm

.

### 17 data for birds suggests that birds may be expos ed briefly at a level that elicited transient sublethal effects via inhalation exposure in mammals. However, given the complete absence of mortality at much higher inhalati on exposure concentrations in mammals, it is unlikely that an acute avian inhalation toxicity test would result in a definitive toxicity endpoint for birds up to the maximum theoretical ( i.e ., saturation) concentration. Therefore, the inhalation e xposure pathway will be consider ed in the ecological risk assessment, but additional data are not requested at this time because they are unlikely to change the risk conclusions. Based on the STIR results, inhalation is not expected to be a significant route of exposure for mammals.

The potential for non-target organisms to be exposed to etridiazole in drinking water is evaluated using the Screeni ng Imbibition Program (SIP) ( Appendix D ) 3 

### . Based on this screen, etridiazole exposure th rough drinking water is identif ied as a potential concern for

both acute and chronic risk to birds. Ho wever, SIP indicates that exposure through drinking water alone is not expected to be a concern for acute risk to wild mammals. The potential contribution of dri nking water exposure to chroni c risk to mammals cannot be

determined in the absence of chronic toxicity data.

8. Analysis Plan



### In order to address the risk hypothesis, the potential for adverse effects on the environment is estimated. The uses, environmental fate , and ecological effects of etridiazole are characterized and integrated to assess the risk s. This is accomplished using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure concentration to effects c oncentration) approach. Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and magnitude of a dverse ecological effects, the risk quotientbased approach does not provide a quantitativ e estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. However, as outlined in the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), the

likelihood of effects to individual organisms from particular uses of etridiazole is estimated using the probit dose-response slope and either the level of concern (discussed below) or actual calculated risk quotient value.

This analysis plan may be revised depe nding upon the information submitted by the public in response to the opening of the Regi stration Review docke t for etridiazole.

a. Stressors of Concern

i. Ecological Risk Assessment



### The stressors of concern are as follows:

 Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmen t: etridiazole (parent), 3-Carb-T (transformation product), and 3-DCMT (transformation products).

The degradates 3-Carb-T and 3-DCMT will be considered major degradates in the drinking

water assessment due to the structural sim ilarities with the parent compound and because in the last RED, etridiazole was classified as a probable human carcinogen (USEPA, 2000).

### 18 These degradates were characterized as potenti al degradates of concern in the RED, and aquatic ecotoxicity data were required to address uncertainties regarding their hazard relative to parent etridiazole. For the terrestrial risk assessment, risk from 3-Carb-T and 3- DCMT will be characterized as an uncertainty. There are currently no ecotoxicity data for terrestrial wildlife exposed to etridiazole degradates.

ii. Drinking Water



### The drinking water assessments conducted to support the Registration Review human

health risk assessments of etridiazole will incorporate model estimates of residues of concern, which are parent compound and 3-Carb-T and 3-DCMT, in surface and ground water source drinking water. In the absence of data for degrad ates, the Agency will follow a total toxic residues (TTR) approach for estimation of half-lives.

b. Measures of Exposure



### EFED will use standard available models to evaluate potential exposures to aquatic and terrestrial organisms as described at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

.

i. Available Monitoring Data



### The Agency is not aware of surface or gr ound water monitoring conducted by federal and state agencies. However, if monitoring data of etridiazole become available, they will be

considered in the assessment.

c. Measures of Effect



### Toxicity data presented in Sec tion 3 of this problem formulati on will be used to calculate risk quotients. Any additional information submitted by the registrant or found in the open literature meeting the standard s established by the Agency pr ior to conduct of the risk assessment will also be considered. The open literature studies are identified using EPA’s ECOTOXicology database (ECOTOX) 17 

### , which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluation of both sources of data can also pr ovide insight into the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on biotic communities from loss of spec ies that are sensitive to the chemicals and from changes in structure and functional characteristics of the affected

communities.

17 http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/

### 19 9. Endangered Species Assessments



### Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Agency will evaluate risks to listed specie s from registered uses of pesticides in Registration Review. The process for evaluating potential risks to listed species is further

described at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/enda nger/litstatus/riskasses.htm

.

10. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program



### Etridaizole was not included in the first group of 67 chemicals issued an order to conduct Tier 1 and Tier II EDSP testing. For additional information the EDSP program, visit http://www.epa.gov/endo/

.

11. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps

a. Environmental Fate



### Table 6 identifies environmental fate studies, by MRID, that provide data for each guideline requirement, as well as study classifi cations and whether or not further data are needed in order to support risk assessment.

Table 6. Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Etridiazole.

OCSPP

Guideline Data Requirement Submitted

MRIDs Study

Classification Are data needed to

conduct risk

assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will

Make in Absence of

Data

835.2120 Hydrolysis 0000 1650 Acceptable No

835.2370 Aqueous Photolysis Waived No

835.2410 Soil Photolysis 43124301 Acceptable No

835.4100 Aerobic Soil

Metabolism 43504301 Acceptable No

835.4200 Anaerobic Soil

Metabolism Not submitted No

835.4300 Aerobic Aquatic

Metabolism 45366003 Invalid Yes In the absence of data the Agency will assume

that etridiazole is stable to aerobic aquatic

metabolism*

### 20 OCSPP

Guideline Data Requirement Submitted

MRIDs Study

Classification Are data needed to

conduct risk

assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will

Make in Absence of

Data

835.4400 Anaerobic Aquatic

Metabolism 43504305 Invalid Yes In the absence of data the Agency will have uncertainty regarding

the role of anaerobic aquatic environment in the parent molecule, 3-

DCMT and 3-Carb-T*

835.1230 Adsorption/ Desorption batch equilibrium 43504302, 43504303,

43504304 Acceptable No

835.1240 Aged Column Leaching 0120367

0120370 Supplemental No

835.1410 Lab Volatility 43024101 Acceptable No

835.6200 Terrestrial; Field Dissipation 44689601 Supplemental

No 44689602 Supplemental

44689603 Supplemental

835.6100 Aquatic Field Dissipation 0120383 Unacceptable No

835.1730 Bioaccumulation in

Fish 43241401 Acceptable No

850.6100 Environmental Chemistry Methods (ECM) and Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV) in

soil and water N/A Not submitted Yes This is a standard data requirement for field dissipation and ground water monitoring

studies. ECM and

associated ILV are not

available for the

method used in the

field dissipation studies, though this is a requirement for acceptance of such

studies.

850.1730 Bioconcentration in

Fish 43241401 Acceptable No

### 21 OCSPP

Guideline Data Requirement Submitted

MRIDs Study

Classification Are data needed to

conduct risk

assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will

Make in Absence of

Data



### *Formation and decline of degradates, 3-Carb-T and 3-DCMT will be useful in the risk assessment.

b. Effects



### Table 7 identifies ecological effects studies with etridiazole, by MRID (or Accession number), for each guideline requirement, as we ll as study classificat ions and whether or

not additional data are needed in order to support risk assessment. Rationale for any additional data requested is presented below the tables. Table 8 identifies ecological

effects studies with transfor mation products of etridiazole.

Table 7. Submitted Ecological Ef fects Data for Etridiazole

Guideline Description—Test

Substance MRID or

Acc. No. Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

Avian and Mammalian Testing

71-1 (850.2100) Avian acute oral toxicity, waterfowl

—TGAI 00002238 (Fletcher

1972) Acceptable No

71-1 (850.2100) Avian acute oral toxicity, upland game bird species

—TGAI 00003276 (Fletcher

1972) Supplemental No

850.2100 Avian acute oral toxicity, passerine

species—TGAI None N/A Yes In the absence of data, the Agency will assume that toxicity to passerine birds may be greater

than to the upland game and

waterfowl species tested.

Nonguideline Avian acute inhalation toxicity,

most sensitive species from oral

toxicity tests --

TGAI None N/A No

850.2200 Avian dietary toxicity, waterfowl

species—TGAI 624780
(Fletcher

1973) Supplemental No

Avian dietary toxicity, upland game bird—TGAI 624790
(Fletcher

1973) Supplemental No

### 22 Guideline Description—Test

Substance MRID or

Acc. No. Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

71-4 (850.2300) Avian reproduction,

waterfowl species—TGAI 43744102
(Pederson

and Solatycki

1995) Supplemental No

71-4 (850.2300) Avian reproduction, upland game bird

species—TGAI 43744101
(Pederson

and Solatycki

1995) Supplemental No

850.2400 Wild mammal toxicity—TGAI None N/A Yes Data are needed to evaluate chronic toxicity to wild mammals, but EFED is not currently recommending a wild mammal toxicity test per OCSPP

850.2400. Instead, EFED will

evaluate risk to mammals based on toxicity data for laboratory rat

or other mammals tested. EFED will consult with HED to identify

the most appropriate acute and

chronic toxicity endpoints.

The RED noted a data gap for chronic toxicity to mammals (two-generation reproduction in rat). This data gap may besatisfied by a more recent twogeneration rat reproduction study, which is in review by HED.

850.2500 Simulated or actual field testing—TEP None N/A No Not triggered based on ecotoxicity data, predicted EECs,

fate properties, and use pattern

criteria.

Aquatic Animal Testing

72-2 (850.1010) Freshwater invertebrate, acute

toxicity—TGAI 45774801 Acceptable No

72-3 (850.1025) Estuarine/Marine

Mollusc acute toxicity—TGAI 42834602 (Dionne

1993) Supplemental No

### 23 Guideline Description—Test

Substance MRID or

Acc. No. Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

72-3 (850.1035) Estuarine/Marine

crustacean acute toxicity—TGAI 42834603 (Machado

1993a) Acceptable No

850.1075 Freshwater fish, acute toxicity,

warm water species—TGAI 0001703 (Sleight

1971) Acceptable No

850.1075 Freshwater fish, acute toxicity, cold

water species—

TGAI 0001703 (Sleight

1971) Acceptable No

850.1075 Estuarine/Marine

fish acute toxicity—TGAI 42834601 (Macahdo

1993) Acceptable No

72-4 (850.1300) Freshwater invertebrate, reproduction test—

TGAI 42834605 (Putt 1993) Acceptable No

850.1350 Estuarine/marine invertebrate, reproduction test—

TGAI None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will

b e unable to assess chronic risk to

estuarine/marine invertebrates.

Risk will be assumed.

850.1400 Freshwater fish, early life stage

test—TGAI 42834604 (Machado

1993) Supplemental No

850.1400 Saltwater fish, early life stage test—

TGAI None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will

b e unable to assess chronic risk to estuarine/marine fish. Risk may

be assumed.

850.1500 Freshwater fish life cycle test None N/A Yes A quatic EECs exceed the FW fish early life-stage (ELS) NOAEC (120 μg a.i./L); a full life cycle

test is recommended when the

EEC is at least one-tenth the NOAEC. Reproductive effects

have been observed in other taxa

( e.g ., birds) and the ELS study does not provide data for

reproductive toxicity.

Estuarine/marine fish life cycle test None N/A No This data recommendation may be triggered in the future depending on results of the e/m early life stage test.

850.1950 Simulated or actual field testing for aquatic organisms None N/A No Higher-tier testing to address risk

uncertainties have not been

identified at this time.

### 24 Guideline Description—Test

Substance MRID or

Acc. No. Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

Sediment Testing

850.1735 Whole sediment 10-

d freshwater

invertebrate—

TGAI None N/A No Sediment toxicity testing is not

recommended at this time

because etridiazole is not expected to partition to sediment (K

oc =195-469 mL/g); although its octanol-water partition coefficient (K

ow = 2,340)

suggests a potential to bioaccumulate, bioconcentration factors in bluegill sunfish were

relatively low (BCF <328x). 850.1740 Whole sediment 10-

d estuarine/marine

invertebrate—

TGAI None N/A No

Agency-wide guideline Whole sediment

chronic freshwater

and/or marine

invertebrate—

TGAI None N/A No

Insect Pollinator Testing

850.3020 Honey bee acute contact toxicity—

TGAI None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will be unable to screen potential

hazard and risk to terrestrial

invertebrates from contact

exposure.

Nonguideline Honeybee acute oral toxicity study—TGAI None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will be unable to screen potential

hazard and risk to terrestrial invertebrates from oral exposure.

Nonguideline Larval Toxicity

Test—TGAI None N/A Yes No information is available on toxicity of etridiazole to honeybee larvae. A honeybee

larval toxicity test is part of EPA’s current screening process

for terrestrial invertebrates.

A protocol should be submitted

before conducting this test.

See Appendix E for further justification for recommending this study.

850.3030 Honeybee toxicity

of residues on foliage—TEP None N/A No There is insufficient information on etridiazole toxicity to honey

b ee to determine whether this test is triggered.

850.3040 Field testing for pollinators None N/A No Field testing to address risk

uncertainties have not been

identified at this time.

### 25 Guideline Description—Test

Substance MRID or

Acc. No. Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

Terrestrial Plant Testing

850.4100 Seedling emergence (10 species)—TEP None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will

be unable to assess risk to nontarget terrestrial plants. Risk will

be assumed. 850.4150 Vegetative vigor (10 species)—TEP Yes

Aquatic Plant Testing

850.4400 Aquatic plant growth, vascular plant

—TGAI 42834610 Supplemental Yes (7-day,

TEP preferred) Test substance recovery in this 14-day study was poor and the study lacked solvent controls. In

the absence of new data, EPA

will be unable to estimate risk to vascular aquatic plants. EPA will

assume that toxicity is greater

than demonstrated in the submitted study.

850.4500* Aquatic Plant, freshwater green

alga species—

TGAI 42834606 Acceptable No

Aquatic Plant,

freshwater diatom

—TGAI 42834608 Acceptable No

Aquatic Plant,

marine diatom

—TGAI 42834609 Acceptable No

850.4550 † Aquatic Plant, cyanobacterium—

TGAI 42834607 Acceptable No

TGAI = Technical Grade Active Ingredient TEP = technical end product * Algal toxicity tests are now under guideline OCSPP 850.4500 (formerly 850.5400)

† Cyanobacterium tests are now under guideline 850.4550 (formerly 850.5400)



### Table 8. Submitted Ecological Effects Da ta for Etridiazole Transformation

Products.

Guideline Description—

Test Substance MRID Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

850.1075 Freshwater fish, acute toxicity,

cold water species—

3-DCMT 44606702 Acceptable No

### 26 Guideline Description—

Test Substance MRID Study

Classification Are data

Needed for

Risk

Assessment? Comments (Justification and Assumptions

EPA will Make in Absence of Data)

850.1010 Freshwater invertebrate, acute toxicity—

3-DCMT 45369401 Acceptable No

850.1075 Estuarine/marine fish, acute toxicity —

3-DCMT None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will assume that 3-DCMT toxicity to estuarine/marine fish is equal to or greater than toxicity to freshwater

fish.

850.1075 Freshwater fish, acute toxicity,

cold water species—

3-Carb-T None N/A Yes In the absence of data, EPA will be

unable to assess the relative hazard

and risk of 3-Carb-T to freshwater animals, including amphibians. Its toxicity will be assumed to be equal to or greater than the toxicity of 3-

DCMT. 850.1010 Freshwater invertebrate, acute toxicity—

3-Carb-T None N/A Yes

* Algal toxicity tests are now under guideline OCSPP 850.4500 (formerly 850.5400)



### 12. References

Goring, C.A. I.; Laskowki; D.A., Hamaker, J.H.; and Meikle, R.W. 1975. Principles of pesticide degradation in soil. pp. 135-172 in (Haque, R. and Freed, V.H. eds.) Environmental dynamics of pesticides. Plenum Press, NY.

USDA Crop Profiles. Available online at: http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/CP_form.cfm

Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unite d Nations. FAO Pesticide Disposal Series 8. Assessing Soil Contamination: A Reference Manua l. Appendix 2. Parameters of pesticides that influence processes in the soil. Editor ial Group, FAO Information Division: Rome,

2000. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X2570E/X2570E00.htm

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USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessmen t Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs . United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. Available at http://www.epa.gov/espp/consultation/ecorisk-overview.pdf

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Thomas, R. G. 1990. Volatilization from water. In W. J. Lyman, W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, editors. Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. American Chemical Society, Washington D.C.: pp 15-1 - 15-33.

USEPA, 2000a. Revised EFED Risk Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision on 5- ethoxy-e-tricholoromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (Etridiazole; Terrazole ® 

### ) Environmental

### 27 Protection Agency (USEPA). From Environmen tal Fate and Effects Division To Special Review and Reregistration Division. Memorandum issued: May 22, 2000.

USEPA, 2000b. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Etridiazole (Terrazole ® 

### ). United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Prevention, Pesticides And Toxic Subtances. Issued: Sep 2000.

USEPA. 2014. BEAD Chemical Profile for Regi stration Review: Etridiazole (PC084701) Memorandum From Biological and Economic Analysis Division to Pesticide Reevaluation

Division To the Pesticide Re-evaluation Divison.ted Environmental Fate and Effects Studies of EtridiazoleDFATE STUDIES (as of 12/27/11)mas, R.J. (1976) Analytical Investigations Concerned with the Rate of Hydrolysis of Terrazole®3-C14I: CASR-7-75 Supplement #1.ublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; submitted byOlin Corp., Agricultural Div.;Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-J)ngh, J.E.; Thomas, R.J. (1976) Photochemical Studies of Terrazole®(5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole) in Aqueousion: CASR-5-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Agricultural Div., Little Rock,CDL:228143-K)on-waterJ. (1993) UV-Visible Spectra of Terrazole: Lab Project Number: 9355. Unpublished study prepared by Uniroyal Chemical Co, Inc. 30mas, R.; Chacon, M. (1982) Photochemical Studies of Terrazole in Aqueous Solutions and Soil, Dark Controls: CASR-2-82; 3760.ublished study received Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submit- ted by OlinCorp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-F)on-soilmas, R.J. (1975) The Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 3-Carboxy-5-Ethoxy-1,2,4-Thiadiazole in Soil. Method CAM-37-75ative dated Oct 8, 1975. (Unpublished studyreceived Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little,Ark.; CDL:228143-I)ar, E.J. (1976) Photochemical Studies of Terrazole®(5- Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole) in Soil: CASR-27-76.ublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; sub-mitted by Olin Corp.,Agricultural Div., LittleRock, Ark.; CDL:228143-291655Thomas, R.J. (1976) Laboratory Soil Leaching Studies Concerned with Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole):CASR-4-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258- 812; submitted by OlinCorp., AgriculturalDiv., Little Rock, Ark.;CDL:228143-M)120366Redfield, D.; Gay, W.; Sieckhaus, J.; etal. (1981) Terrazole Volatization from Soils: Report No. LS-5-81; 3722. Technical rept.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982under 1258-812; submitted by OlinCorp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-C)120369Thomas, R.; Chacon, M. (1982) Photochemical Studies of Terrazole in Aqueous Solutions and Soil, Dark Controls: CASR-2-82; 3760.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982under 1258-812; submit- ted by OlinCorp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-F)43124301 Wu, D. (1994) Soil Photolysis of 3-(carbon 14) Terrazole: Lab Project Nos. 93021; RPT00148; 9306. Unpublished study prepared byXenoBiotic Laboratories, Inc. 135 p.45052001Schocken, M. (2000) Response for the Etridiazole Soil Photolysis Study: Lab Project Number: 4009306. 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(2000) Response to the Etridiazole Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Study. Unpublished study prepared by UniroyalChemical Company. 6 p.162-4 Aerobic aquatic metab.45308501 Schanne, C. (1998) (Carbon 14)-Etridiazole: Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism: Lab Project Number: 97062: 1055.000.750: 98-003-1055.Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories (Europe) AG. 215 p.45366003 Shocken, M. (2001) Characterization of Sediments (Based on USDA Classification System) and Waters Used in an Etridiazole AerobicAquatic Metabolism Study (UCC 97062)--Supplement:Lab Project Number: 2001-048. Unpublished study prepared by UniroyalChemical and Agvise Labs. 23 p.163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption1649Thomas, R.J. (1976) Chemodynamic Parameters of Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole) Soil Adsorption: CASR20-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812;submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.;CDL:228143-G)1655Thomas, R.J. (1976) Laboratory Soil Leaching Studies Concerned with Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole):CASR-4-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258- 812; submitted by OlinCorp., AgriculturalDiv., Little Rock, Ark.;CDL:228143-M)59110Thomas, M.P. (1965) Letter sent to R.F. Philpitt dated Sep 15, 1965: Soil persistence of Olin 2424 (Terrazole). (Unpublished studyreceived Sep 21, 1965under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:127122-A)59117 Thomas, M.P. (1965) Letter sent to H.H. Klein dated Oct22, 1965: Olin 2424 residues in cotton bolls, leaves and soil (continuation ofstudies started on July 7, 1965). Unpublished study received May28, 1970 under 0F0977; submitted by Olin Chemicals, ConsumerProducts, Div. of Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL: 091717-W)59118 Thomas, M.P. (1965) Letter sent to H.H. Klein dated Nov 3, 1965: Olin 2424 and Terraclor residues in soils from 1965 Terraclor Super X(EC) fall cotton seedling tests run in Texas. (Unpublished study received May 28, 1970under 0F0997; submitted by Olin Chemicals,Consumer Products, Div. of Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:091717-AA)31120364Thomas, R.; Horvath, J. (1982) Chemodynamic Parameters of Terrazole (5-Ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole) Soil Adsorption:CASR-20-76; 2919. (Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, CT; CDL: 249071-A)120367Thomas, R.; Humphrey, E.; Horvath, J.; et al. (1982) Laboratory Soil Leaching Studies Concerned with Terrazole (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole): CASR-1-82; 3747. (Unpub- lished study received Dec 15, 1982under 1258-812; submitted by OlinCorp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-D)120370Thomas, R.; Burger, R. (1982)Laboratory Soil Leaching Studies with Terrazole [Ring-3-14C| and 3-Carboxy-5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadi- azole:Dutch Guidelines: CASR-4-82; 3793.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982 under1258-812; submitted byOlin Corp., Stamford,CT;CDL:249071-G)5001190Helling, C.S.; Dennison, D.G.; Kaufman, D.D. (1974) Fungicide movement in soils. Phytopathology 64(8):1091-1100.43504302 Dzialo, D. (1994) Adsorption/Desorption of Etridiazole: Lab Project Number: 93127. Unpublished study prepared by Uniroyal ChemicalCo., Inc. 51 p.43504303Dzialo, D. (1994) Adsorption/Desorption of 5-Ethoxy-1,2,4- thiadiazole-3-carboxylic Acid: A Soil Metabolite of Etridiazole: LabProjectNumber: 9456. Unpublished study prepared by Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc. 52 p.43504304 Dzialo, D. (1994) Adsorption/Desorption of 5-Ethoxy-3- dichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole: A Soil Metabolite of Etridiazole: Lab ProjectNumber: 9457. Unpublished study prepared by Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc. 52 p.163-2 Volatility - lab158122Reinhart, J. (1964) Letter sent to R. Philpitt dated Nov 30, 1964: Volatility of Olin 2424. Prepared by Squibb Division, Olin.2 p.43024101Reynolds, J. (1993) Laboratory Volatility of (3-carbon 14) Terrazole: Lab Project Number: 93023: RPT00146: 9311. Unpublished studyprepared by XenoBiotic Labs., Inc. 151 p.164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation321659 Kuchar, E.J. (1976) Field Soil Dissipation Studies Concerned with Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole): CASR6-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258- 812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.;CDL:228143-S)1660 Kuchar, E.J. (1976) Field Soil Dissipation Studies Concerned with Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole) (1976):CASR-6-76: Supplement #1. (Unpublished studyreceived Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricul- tural Div.,Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-T)59110 Thomas, M.P. (1965) Letter sent to R.F. Philpitt dated Sep15, 1965: Soil persistence of Olin 2424 (Terrazole). (Unpublished studyreceived Sep 21, 1965under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:127122-A)59114 Kuchar, E.J. (1969) Letter sent to H.H. Klein dated Aug7, 1969: Soybeans--Emory Fultz--soil. (Unpublished study receivedMay 28,1970 under 0F0997; submitted by Olin Chemicals, Consumer Products, Div. of Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:091717-P)59115 Kuchar, E.J. (1969) Letter sent toH.H. Klein dated Aug 7, 1969: Soybean soil--Emory Fultz. (Unpublished study received May 28, 1970under 0F0997; submitted by Olin Chemicals, Consumer Products, Div. of Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:091717-O)59116 Kuchar, E.J. (1969) Letter sent to H.H. Klein dated Aug7, 1969: Soil--PAG Farm, Urbana, Illinois. 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Klein dated Dec 1, 1966: PCNB and 2424 residue in cotton. (Unpublished study received Feb 16,1968 under 1258-818; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:101585-W)59154 Sisken, H.R. (1967) Letter sent to H.H. Klein dated Apr 11, 1967: Degradation of 2424 and PCNB in cotton soil and plants.(Unpublishedstudy received Feb 16, 1968 under 1258-818; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, Conn.; CDL:101585-X)93750 Kuchar, E.J.; Griffith, W.P.; HH, H.H.;et al. (1970) Analytical Studies of the Metabolism of Terrazole®(5-Ethoxy-3-tri- chloromethyl1,2,4-thiadiazole) in Animals and Plants: 3467. (Unpublished study received Jan 20, 1982under 1258-812; sub- mitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, Conn.; CDL:070614-F)33120373 Csinos, A.; Peets, N. (1981) Residue Data Report: Bush Bean Soil: Blue Lake Variety Treated with Dwell 4E|:Report No. 81-7-1; 81-7-2.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982 under 1258- 812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-J)120374 Turner, F.; Jund, M. (1981) Residue Data Report: Rice Soil: Pecos Variety Treated with Dwell|:Report No. 81-7-3. (Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-K)120375 Turner, F.; Jund, M. (1981) Residue Data Report: Rice Soil: Newrex Variety Treated with Dwell|:Report No. 81-8-1.(Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-L)120376 Nelson, D. (1982) Residue DataReport: Corn Soil Treated with Dwell|:Report No. 81-8-2.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-M)120377 Maples, R. (1981) Residue Data Report: Cotton Soil: Variety D+ PL 61 Treated with Dwell|:Report No. 81-8-3.(Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249071-N)120378 McDaniel, M. (1982) Residue Data Report: Turf Soil|:Report No. 81-11-1.(Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812;submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, CT; CDL:249072-A)120379 Wells, B. (1981) Residue Data Report: Rice Soil: LabonnetVariety Treated with Dwell|: Report No. 81-12-3. (Unpublishedstudyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249072-B)120380 Wells, B. (1982) Residue Data Report: RiceSoil: Labonnet Variety Treated with Dwell 1 lb/A|:Report No. 82-1-1.(Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249072-C)120382 Mikkelsen, D. (1982) Residue Data Report: Rice Soil: M 101 Variety Treated with Dwell|:Report No. 82-3-1.(Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249072-E)120384 Ohr, H. (1982) Residue Data Report: Avacado Soil: FuerteVariety Treated with Terrazole 5%Granular (.18 oz. Terrazole/ft.2)|:ReportNo. 82-8-1.(Unpublished study received Dec 15, 1982under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, CT; CDL: 249072-G)44452501 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. (1997) Progress Report: Etridiazole Field and Turf Dissipation Studies: Lab Project Number:RP96026: RP96029: 97058. Unpublished study. 19 p.44689601Singer, G. (1998) Field Soil Dissipation of Terrazole 35 WP in Turf and Bareground in North Carolina: Final Report: Lab ProjectNumber: 97058: AA970306: NCL 20.064. Unpublished study prepared by American Agricultural Services, Inc. and North CoastLaboratories. 674 p.3444689602Singer, G. (1998) Field Soil Dissipation of Terraclor Super X 18.8 G and Terraclor Super X EC in Bareground in Texas and California:Amended Final Report: Lab Project Number: RP-96026: NCL 20.062. Unpublished study prepared by American Agricultural Services,Inc. and North Coast Laboratories. 651 p.44689603Singer, G. 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Unpublished study preparedbySpringborn Labs., Inc. 127 p.1663 Iwan, G.R. (1976) Olin--14C Terrazole Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque), Static Bioaccumulation Study. (Unpublishedstudy received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., Aquatic Environmental Sciences, submitted by OlinCorp.,Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-AB)Non Guideline Selections1567 Kvien, C. (1975) Nitrification Inhibition in Soils by Terrazole: (Master's thesis, Southern Illinois University, Department of Plant and SoilScience). (Unpublished study thatincludes report no. 3067, received Feb 4, 1977under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., AgriculturalDiv., Little Rock, Ark.; CDL: 095799-J)1595 Kuchar, E.J. (1970) Determination of Terraclor (Pentachloronitrobenzene) and Terrazole (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thia- diazole)in Soil: Analytical Method. Method CAM-12-70 dated Apr28, 1970. (Unpublished study received May 28, 1970 under 0F0997; submittedby Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.; CDL:091717-B)1646 Thomas, R.J. (1976) Chemodynamic Parameter of Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole) Partition Coefficient-nOctanol vs Water: CASR-18-76. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258-812;submitted by OlinCorp., Agricultural Div.,Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-D)1657 Thomas, R.J. (1976) Laboratory Soil Metabolism Studies Concerned with Terrazole®I (5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadia- zole):CASR-7-76. (Unpublished study received Oct20, 1976 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.;CDL:228143-Q)1658Thomas, R.J. (1976) Identification of 3-Dichloromethyl-5-Ethoxy- 1,2,4-Thiadiazole as a Metabolite of Terrazole®I in Soil: CASR-3-76.(Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976 under 1258- 812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-R)1661 Kuchar, E.J. (1973) Residues of Terraclor®and Terrazole®in Soil--1972 Studies: CASR-19-73. (Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-X)1662 Kuchar, E.J. (1976) Terrazole®(5-Ethoxy-3-Trichloromethyl-1,2, 4-Thiadiazole)Greenhouse Studies in Soil: CASR-25-76. (Unpublishedstudy received Oct 20, 1976 under1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock,Ark.; CDL:228143-Y)1664 Ercegovich, C.D. (1976) Effects of 5-Ethoxy-3-(Trichloromethyl)- 1,2,4-Thiadiazole (Terrazole) on Microorganisms and BiochemicalProcesses in Soil: Report No. E-1/1-76 (0).(Unpublished study received Oct 20, 1976under 1258-812; prepared by Pennsylvania StateUniv.--University Park, Pesticide Research Laboratory, submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock, Ark.; CDL:228143-AD)361717 Thomas, M.P. (1965) Summaryof Terraclor Super X Residues in Soil from 1965:Standard Cotton Tests: Table 4. 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(1970) Determination of Terraclor (Pentachloronitobenzene) and Terrazole (5-Ethoxy-3-trichloro- methyl1,2,4-thiadiazole) in Soil. Method no. CAM-12-70 dated Apr 28, 1970. (Unpublished study received Jul20, 1971 under 0F0997; submittedby Olin Corp., Stamford Conn.; CDL:111186-B)100333 Iacoviello, S.A.; DeFonzo, D.J. (1979) Activated Sludge Test for Terrazole®3-C14(3-Trichloromethyl-5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadi- azole):CASR-14-79. (Unpublished study received Jul 6, 1979 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, Conn.; CDL: 238774-A)5011881 Laski, R.R.; Watts, R.R. (1973) Gas chromatography oforganonitrogen pesticides, using a nitrogen-specific detection system. Journal ofthe Association of Official Analytical Chemists 56(2):328-332.45366001 Ma, Q.; Cohen, S.; Barnes, N. et al. (2001) Use of PRZM-EXAMS to Estimate Aquatic Concentrations of Etridiazole (Terrazole)Following Use on Golf Courses: Lab Project Number: ETS 0028-AG: 2001-003. Unpublished study prepared by Environmental & TurfServices, Inc. 55 p.1656Schingh, J.E. (1976) Determination of Soil Moisture Retention byTensiometric Technique: CASR-2-76. Undated method. (Unpublishedstudy received Oct 20, 1976 under1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp., Agricultural Div., Little Rock,Ark.; CDL:228143-P)120381 Wells, B. (1982) Residue Data Report: Rice Water: Labonnet Variety Treated with Dwell 1 lb/A|: Report No. 81-1-2. (Unpublished studyreceived Dec 15, 1982 under 1258-812; submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, CT; CDL:249072-D)https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print37/138PC Code 084701-SUBMITTED EFFECT STUDIES (as of 2/3/2014)71-1 Avian Single Dose OralToxicityMRID CitationReference2226 Dieterich, W.H. (1965) Acute Dietary Administration-Wildfowl: Terraclor Super X: Final Report: Project No. 791-100. (Unpublishedstudyreceived Nov 5, 1965 underunknown admin. no.; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Squibb Institute forMedicalResearch, New Brunswick, N.J.;CDL:131392-B)2238 Fletcher, D. (1972) Report to Olin Corporation: Acute Oral Toxicity Study with Olin Terrazole inMalard Ducks: IBT No. J891.(Un-published study including letter datedFeb 15, 1972 from J.C. Calandra to John H. Wedig, received Mar 3, 1972 under 1258-826;preparedby Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, Conn.;CDL:005836-A)3276 Fletcher, D. (1972) Report to Olin Corporation: Acute Oral Toxicity Study with Olin Terrazole, D8364 FOG in Bobwhite Quail: IBTNo.J890. (Unpublished study including letter dated Jan 26, 1972 from J.C. Calandra to John H. Wedig, received Mar 3, 1972 under1258-826;prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.;CDL:005836-B)71-2 Avian DietaryToxicityMRID CitationReference59122 Dieterich, W.H. (1965) Letter sent to Sylvan I. Cohen dated Aug 2, 1965 Review of wildlife testing of Terraclor Super Xstatus|.(Unpublished study received Sep21, 1965 under 1258-740; pre- pared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by OlinCorp.,Stamford, Conn.;CDL:050929-C)62478 Fletcher, D.W. (1981) Report to Olin: 8-Day Dietary LC50 Study with Terrazole®Technical in Bobwhite Quail: BLAL No. 80 QC4;Olin Report No. 3650. (Unpublishedstudy received Apr 7, 1981 under 1258-812; prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd., sub- mittedbyOlin Corp., Stamford, Conn.;CDL:244770-C)62479 Fletcher, D.W. (1981) Report to Olin: 8-Day Dietary LC50 Study with Terrazole®Technical inMallard Ducklings: BLAL No. 80DC4; Olin Report No. 3651. (Unpublished study received Apr 7, 1981 under 1258-812; prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd.,submittedby Olin Corp., Stamford,Conn.;CDL:244770-D)97777 Dieterich, W.H. (1965) Acute Dietary Administration--Wildfowl: Project No. 791-100. (Unpublished study received on unknowndateunder unknown admin. no.;prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc.;CDL:103201-A)43715601 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) 28-Day Dietary Toxicity and Reproduction Pilot Study with Terrazole Technical in BobwhiteQuail:Revised: Lab Project Number:109-019-05: 653-005. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 276p.43744101 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) Toxicity and Reproduction Study with Terrazole Technical in Bobwhite Quail: (FinalReport):LabProject Number: 109-021-07: 653-006. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 516p.43744102 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) Toxicity and Reproduction Study with Terrazole Technical inMallard Ducks: (Final Report):LabProject Number: 109-022-08: 653-006. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 524p.https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print38/13843744103 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) 28-Day Dietary Toxicity and Reproduction Pilot Study with Terrazole Technical inMallardDucks:Lab Project Number: 109-020-06: 653-005. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 268p.71-4 AvianReproductionMRID CitationReference43715601 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) 28-Day Dietary Toxicity and Reproduction Pilot Study with Terrazole Technical in BobwhiteQuail:Revised: Lab Project Number:109-019-05: 653-005. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 276p.43744101 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) Toxicity and Reproduction Study with Terrazole Technical in Bobwhite Quail: (FinalReport):LabProject Number: 109-021-07: 653-006. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 516p.43744102 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) Toxicity and Reproduction Study with Terrazole Technical inMallard Ducks: (Final Report):LabProject Number: 109-022-08: 653-006. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 524p.43744103 Pedersen, C.; Solatycki, A. (1995) 28-Day Dietary Toxicity and Reproduction Pilot Study with Terrazole Technical inMalardDucks:Lab Project Number: 109-020-06: 653-005. Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 268p.72-1 Acute Toxicity to FreshwaterFishMRID CitationReference1572 Dieterich, W.H. (1965) Acute Aqueous Exposure--Fish: Terraclor Super X--Final Report: Project No. 791-101. (Unpublishedstudyreceived Nov 5, 1965 under 734-Q;prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Squibb Institute for Medical Research,Newhttps://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print39/138Brunswick, N.J.;CDL:131392-A)1703 Sleight, B.H., III (1971) Bioassay Report: Acute Toxicity of Terrazole (D-8364) to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) andRainbowTrout (?~Salmo gairdneri~?). Unpublishedstudy that in- cludes wel water quality analysis p. 13, received Nov 23, 1971 under1258-826;prepared by Bionomics, Inc., submitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.;CDL:101583-A)97776 Dieterich, W.H. (1965) Acute Aqueous Exposure--Fish: Project No. 791-101. (Unpublished study received on unknown dateunderunknown admin. no.; prepared byHazleton Laboratories, Inc.;CDL:103200-A)44606702 Sousa, J. (1998)5-Ethoxy-3-Dichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole(T-03)--Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)UnderFlow-Through Conditions: AmendedFinal Report: Lab Project Number: 41.0198.6158.108: 98-3-7284. Unpublished study preparedbySpringborn Labs., Inc. 68p.45774802 Dionne, E. (2002) Etridiazole--Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Flow-Through Conditions: LabProjectNumber: 41.6177. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 54 p. {OPPTS850.1075}72-2 Acute Toxicity to FreshwaterInvertebratesMRID CitationReference62477 LeBlanc, G.A.; Surprenant, D.C.; Sleight, B.H., III. (1979) Acute Toxicity of Terrazole to the Water Flea (Daphnia magna): Report#BW-79-12-580; Olin Report No. 1029-79. (Unpublished study received Apr 7, 1981 under 1258-812; prepared by EG&G,Bionomics,submitted by Olin Corp.,Stamford, Conn.; CDL:244770-B)44606701 Putt, A. (1998)5-Ethoxy-3-Dichloromethyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazole(T-03)--Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) UnderFlow-Through Conditions: AmendedFinal Report: Lab Project Number: 41.0198.6157.115: 98-3-7294. Unpublished study preparedbySpringborn Labs., Inc. 65p.44848301 Lengen, M. (1999) Response to EPA Review for Acute Toxicity Test with Terrazole Metabolite T-03. Unpublished study preparedbyUniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. 25p.44992901 Lengen, M. (1999) DER Response for Acute Toxicity Test with Terrazole Metabolite T-03 andDaphnia magna. Unpublishedstudyprepared by Uniroyal ChemicalCo., Inc. 6p.45369401 Putt, A. (2001) 5-Ethoxy-3-Dichloromethyl-1, 2, 4-Thiadiazole (T-03)--Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) UnderFlow-Through Conditions: Lab ProjectNumber: 41. 6167: 060900/OECD/EC/115. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc.53 p.https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print40/13845774801 Dionne, E. (2002) Etridiazole--Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) Under Flow-Through Conditions: Lab ProjectNumber:41.6176. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 55 p. {OPPTS850.1010}72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/MarineOrganismsMRID CitationReference42834601 Machado, M. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) underFlow-ThroughConditions: Final Report: Lab ProjectNumber: 93-3-4675: 41.1092.6130.505. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc.67 p.42834602 Dionne, E. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Acute Toxicity to Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) under Flow-Through Conditions:FinalReport: Lab Project Number: 93-2-4650: 41.1092.6131.504. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 64p.42834603 Machado, M. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Acute Toxicity to Mysid Shrimp (Americamysis bahiaformerlyMysidopsis bahia) under Flow-ThroughConditions:AmendedFinal Report: Lab Project Number: 93-2-4622: 41.1092.6132.515. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc.67 p.72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life CycleStudyMRID CitationReference42834604 Machado, M. (1993) Terrazole Technical--The Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) During an Early Life-StageExposure:Final Report: Lab ProjectNumber: 93-5-4767: 41.1092.6128.121. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 111p.42834605 Putt, A. (1993) Terrazole Technical--The Chronic Toxicity toDaphnia magnaunder Flow-Through Conditions: Final Report: LabProjectNumber: 93-3-4662: 41.1092.6129.130. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 104p.45052004 Lengen, M. (2000) DER Response for the Toxicity Tests with Terrazole and Rainbow Trout andDaphnia magna. Unpublishedstudyprepared by Uniroyal ChemicalCompany. 25p.81-1 Acute oral toxicity inratshttps://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print60/138MRID CitationReference...43724501 Warshawsky, L. (1994) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Terrazole Technical: Lab Project Number: 399-148. Unpublishedstudyprepared by IRDC. 41p....81-3 Acute inhalation toxicity inratsMRID CitationReference...43724503 Hilaski, R. (1994) EPA (FIFRA) Acute Inhalation Toxicity Evaluation on Terrazole Technical in Rats: Lab Project Number:399-147.Unpublished study prepared by IRDC. 46p....121-1PhytotoxicityMRID CitationReference1626Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1970?) Phytotoxicity Limits: Soil Drench and Soil Mix with Bedding, Foliage and PottedPlants.|(Unpublished study that includes index ofexperimental formulation numbers, received Oct 10, 1970 under 372-UG(43); CDL:003213-I)1627Miler, H.N. (1970?) Soil Mix Phytotoxicity Using M-4 Formulations. (Unpublished study received Oct 5, 1970 under 372-UG(43):sub-mitted byMalinckrodt ChemicalWorks;CDL:003213-K)1628Miler, H.N. (1970?) Soil Drench Phytotoxicity: M69-2, M69-4. (Unpublished study received Oct 13, 1970 under 372-UG(43);sub-mitted byMalinckrodt ChemicalWorks;CDL:003213-L)1633Miler, H.N. (1970?) Soil Mix Phytotoxicity Studies on Foliage Plants. (Unpublished study received Oct 5, 1970 under372-UG(43);submitted byMalinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo.;CDL:003213-Q)1639 Nichols, L.| (1970) Phytotoxicity Test of Truban at Stan Cassel Greenhouse, Chalfont, Pa. (Unpublished study received Oct5,1970under 372-UG(43); submitted byMalinckrodt Chemical Works,CDL:003213-X)1640 Nichols, L.| (1970) Phytotoxicity Test of Truban at Herman Lederer and Sons, Parkerford,Pa. (Unpublished study receivedOct 5,1970under 372-UG(43); submitted byMalinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo.;CDL:003213-Y)1641Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1970) Growth Response of Potted Chrysanthemums. (Unpublished study received Oct 5, 1970under372-UG(43);CDL:003213-Z)https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print61/1381772Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1972?) Foliage Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-562 and MF-563:Philodendron oxycardum.(Unpublishedstudy received Jun 7, 1972 under372-EXP-9G;CDL:123408-K)1778Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Fungicide Phytotoxicity on Carefree Geraniums. (Unpublished study received Jun 12, 1973under372-47;CDL:003217-F)1782Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Bedding Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-562 and 563: Aster, Celosia, Petunia and Salvia.(Unpublished study received Jun 12, 1973under 372-47;CDL:003217-M)1783Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Bedding Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-562 and MF-563: Petunia, Snapdragon andMarigold.(Unpublished study received Jun12, 1973 under 372-47;CDL:003217-N)1784Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Bedding Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-562 and 563: Marigold. (Unpublished study received Jun12,1973 under 372-47;CDL:003217-O)1786Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Bedding Plants: Rates Tested Ozs/100 Gal. (Unpublished study received Jun12, 1973 under372-47;CDL:003217-R)1787Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Container and Bedgrown Plants: Rates Tested Ozs/100 Gals. (Unpublished study received Jun12,1973 under 372-47;CDL:003217-S)1788Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Phytotoxicity Trials Using MF- 508 and MF-512 on Pittosporum, Tobira and Buxus.(Unpublishedstudy received Jun 12, 1973 under372-47;CDL:003217-T)1791Powel, C.C., Jr. (1971) Topsin-M, Trial I, II, III, IV, V, VI on Rose Powdery Mildew, Chrysanthemum Phytotoxicity, RhizoctoniaStemRot of Carnations andLophodermium Needlecast on Scotch Pine. (Unpublished study including letter dated Nov 9, 1971 fromC.C. Powel, Jr. to Frederick E. Temby, received Jun 12, 1973under 372-47; prepared by Ohio State Univ., Cooperative ExtensionService,submitted byMalinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo.;CDL:003217-AB)1795Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973) Bedding Plants: Rates Tested Ozs/100 Gals. (Unpublished study received Jun 19, 1973 under372-46;CDL:003216-E)1796Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973) Foliage Plants: Rates Tested Ozs/100Galons. (Unpublished study received Jun 19, 1973under372-46;CDL:003216-P)1797Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1973?) Container and Bedgrown Plants: Rates Tested Ozs/100Gall ons. (Unpublished study receivedJun19, 1973 under 372-46;CDL:003216-T)1800 DeNeve, R.T. (1973) Soil Drench Phytotoxicity Test (73-1) of Banrot and Truban 25% E.C. on Selected South Florida NurseryPlants.(Unpublished study including letterdated Jun 13, 1973 from R.T. DeNeve to Bil W.A.Smal|, received Jun 19, 1973 under372-46;prepared by La Casa Verde, Inc., submitted byMalinckrodtChemical Works, St. Louis, Mo.;CDL:003216-AA)1813Malinckrodt Chemical Works (1972) Chrysanthemum--Disease Control and Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Jun 7,1972under 372-EX8G;CDL:222222-U)2231 Raabe, R.D. (1970)African Violet: Toxicity Trial. (Unpublished study received Oct 5,1970 under 372-43; prepared by Univ.ofCalifornia--Berkeley, submitted byMalinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.,CDL:003213-S)2246Malinckrodt Chemical Works (19??) Pothos--Root Rot. (Unpublished study received Jun 12, 1973 under 372-47;CDL:003217-H). Date unclear in OPPIN.https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print62/1382251Malinckrodt Chemical Works (19??) Bedding Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-562 and 563: Marigold Seedlings. (Unpublished studyreceivedJun 7, 1972 under 372-EX-9;CDL:123408-S)2252Malinckrodt Chemical Works (19??) Bedding Plants--Phytotoxicity of MF-563 and MF-562: Seedlings of Celosia and Balsam.(Unpublished study received Jun 7, 1972 under372-EX-9; CDL:123408-T)2256Malinckrodt, Incorporated (1975?) Bedding Plants: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Feb 4, 1975 under 372-46;CDL:006409-A)2265Oler, M.B. (1967) Ef icacy of Terraclor Super X as Saf lower Seed Treatment and Phytotoxicity: FTFDR No. MBO 5-1, MBO6-1.(Unpublished study received Feb16, 1968 under 1258-813; sub- mitted by Olin Corp., Stamford, Conn.;CDL:005784-BB)2910 Uniroyal Chemical (1973)Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Report.(Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under4F1499; CDL:094551-P)3001 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118;CDL:224933-B)3126 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) 1972 Regional Cottonseed Treatment Test. (Unpublished study receivedMay 16, 1973 under400-107;prepared in cooperation with Seed Treatment Committee of the Cotton Disease Council;CDL:003284-I)5845Elis, M.A.; Hepperly, P.R.; Paschal, E.H., II; Foor, S.R. (19??) Seed treatments. Pages 189-190,~In~Fungicide and NematicideTest,Volume 32. By AmericanPhytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minn.: APS. (Also In unpublished submission received Dec 11, 1977under400-112; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;CDL:238081-B)9407 Pfrimmer, T.R. (1968) LV Conventional Spray Test. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under PP1144; prepared byU.S.Agricultural Research Service, Delta Branch Experiment Station, submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington,Del.; CDL:098480-M)10205 Backman, P.A.; Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Clark, E.M. (1972) Soil-Borne Disease Tests:Sclerotiumrolfsi. (Unpublished study receivedMar 26, 1975 under 748-EX-12;prepared by Auburn Univ., Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, submitted by PPG Industries,Inc.,Chemical Div., Pittsburgh, Pa.;CDL:096409-H)10206 Backman, P.A.; Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Clark, E.M.; et al. (1973) Control ofSclerotiumrolfsiWhite Mold of Peanuts. (Unpub-lishedstudy received Mar 26, 1975 under748-EX-12; prepared by Auburn Univ., Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, submitted byPPGIndustries, Inc., Chemical Div., Pittsburgh, Pa.;CDL:096409-I)19876 DeNeve, R.T. (1971) Foliar Phytotoxicity Tests of Truban 25% E.C. on Selected Ornamental Plants. (Unpublished study receivedonunknown date under 372-44;prepared in cooperation with Univ. of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Dept. ofPlantPathology, submitted byMalinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.;CDL:003215-A)19877 DeNeve, R.T. (1971) Phytotoxicity and Disease Studies Using Truban 30% W.P. on Rhododendrons. (Unpublished study received onun-known date under 372-44; preparedin cooperation with Pennsylvania State Univ., submitted byMalinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis,Mo.; CDL:003215-C)19881Malinckrodt, Incorporated (19??) ?Phytotoxicity and Ef icacy of Plants|. (Unpublished study received Apr 1, 1971 under372-44; CDL:003215-I)19882 Raabe, R.D. (1970) Truban: Toxicity Data on Plants|. (Unpublished study including addenda, received Apr 1, 1971 under 372-44;pre-pared by Univ. of California--Berkley,Agricultural Experiment Station, Dept. of Plant Pathology, submitted byMalinckrodt, Inc., St.Louis,Mo.;CDL:003215-J)19885Malinckrodt, Incorporated (1970) Soil Drench Phytotoxicity Studies on Foliage Plants. (Unpublished study received Apr 1, 1971under372-44;CDL:003215-O)30715 Simone; Jackson, ; Couch, ;et al.(1978) Results from Tersan 1991 & Daconil Alone & in Combination on Turfgrass.(Unpublishedstudy received Feb 29, 1980 under 352-357; prepared in cooperation with Univ. ofIllinois and others, submitted by E.I. du PontdeNemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.;CDL:241974-A)https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print63/13859132 May, J.T. (1971) Letter sent to R.T. DeNeve dated Sep 27, 1971 ?Pythium fungicides applied to pine seedbeds|. (Unpublishedstudyreceived Oct 13, 1971 under 372-43; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, School of Forest Resources, submitted byMalinckrodt, Inc.,St.Louis, Mo.;CDL:003214-F)115593 Olin Corp. (1982) Efficacy: Dwel on Rice|. (Unpublished study received Oct 13, 1982 under 1258-EX-15;CDL:071177-A)136645 Olin Corp. (1969) Terraclor Super X Granular 10%--2.5%: Bean Utility. (Compilation; unpublished study received May 13, 1969under1258-758;CDL:005779-A)163386 Interregional Research Project No. 4 (1981) Ethazole on Melons, Cucumbers, Cabbage and Peppers: [Efficacy]. Unpublishedcompilation. 5p.163388 Interregional Research Project No. 4 (1980) Banrot on Lettuce [Cu- cumbers, Melons, Tomato and Eggplant]. Unpublished compilation.32p.5006097 McCain, A.H.; Byrne, T.G. (1966) Chemical control of Pythium root rot in ornamentals with Dexon and Terrazole. CaliforniaAgriculture20(5):14-15.5009249 Westerman, R.L.; Tucker, B.B. (1977) An evaluation of the effectiveness of Terrazole as a nitrification inhibitor whenurea is appliedtograin sorghum. Pages 14-16,~In~Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report No. 758.Stillwater, Okla.: OklahomaStateUniversity, Agricultural ExperimentStation.122-2 Aquatic plantgrowthMRID CitationReference42834606 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--The Toxicity to the Freshwater Green Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum: AmendedFinalReport:Lab Project Number: 93-5-4757: 41.1292.6133.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834607 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue-Green Alga, Anabaena flos-aquae: Final Report:LabProjectNumber: 93-3-4710: 41.1292.6136.420. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 61p.42834608 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom,Naviculapeliculosa: Amended Final Report: LabProjectNumber: 93-5-4763: 41.1292.6134.440. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834609 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Marine Diatom,Skeletonema costatum: Final Report: Lab Project Number:93-4-4742: 41.1292.6135.450. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834610 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed,Lemna gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number:93-4-4714:41.1292.6137.410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 63p.123-2 Aquatic plantgrowthMRID CitationReferencehttps://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print64/13842834606 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--The Toxicity to the Freshwater Green Alga,Pseudokirchneriella subcapitataformerlySelenastrum capricornutum:Amended FinalReport:Lab Project Number: 93-5-4757: 41.1292.6133.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834607 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue-Green Alga,Anabaena flos-aquae: Final Report: LabProjectNumber: 93-3-4710: 41.1292.6136.420. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 61p.42834608 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom,Naviculapeliculosa: Amended Final Report: LabProjectNumber: 93-5-4763: 41.1292.6134.440. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834609 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to the Marine Diatom,Skeletonema costatum: Final Report: Lab Project Number:93-4-4742: 41.1292.6135.450. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 62p.42834610 Hoberg, J. (1993) Terrazole Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed,Lemna gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number:93-4-4714:41.1292.6137.410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 63p.132-1 Dissipation of Dislodgeable Foliar & SoilResiduesMRID CitationReference44227801 Belcher, T.; Schuster, L.; Korpalski, S. (1997) Greenhouse Worker Reentry Exposure to Etridiazole: Lab Project Number: 96629:RP96017: ABC/CA-174. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs. California. 326p.133-4 Inhal. passive dosimetryexpoMRID CitationReference40350501 Nigg, H.; Stamper, J.; Mahon, W. (1987) Pesticide Exposure to Florida Greenhouse Applicators: CR-810743. Unpublishedstudyprepared by University ofFlorida. 111p.43666001 Lunchick, C. (1995) Assessment of Worker Exposure and Potential Risk for Ornamental and Turf Uses of Etradiazole (sic).Unpublishedstudy prepared byJelinek,Schwartz & Connolly, Inc. 129p.https://w2032pcctr562.aa.ad.epa.gov:8080/pls/prism10p/OPP_STUDY_Result.ST_Bibliography_Print65/13843717901 Lunchick, C. (1995) Assessment of Worker Exposure and Potential Risk for the Treatment of Cotton with Etradiazole. Unpublishedstudyprepared byUniroyal Chemical Co., Inc. 68p.44227801 Belcher, T.; Schuster, L.; Korpalski, S. (1997) Greenhouse Worker Reentry Exposure to Etridiazole: Lab Project Number: 96629:RP96017: ABC/CA-174. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs. California. 326p.

### Appendix B. Complete Summary of Toxi city Endpoints for Etridiazole and Degradates.

Table B1. Ecotoxicity Pr ofile for Etridiazole.

Group Species

(Common Name) Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID or Acc. No.
(Study Classification)

Aquatic Organisms

Freshwater

Fish § Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Rainbow Trout) LC 50 (96 hours) 1,210 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 0001703
(Acceptable)

2,410 μg a.i./L

(Mortality) 45774802
(Supplemental)

NOAEC
(60 days posthatch) 120 μg a.i./L
(Larval weight) 42834604
(Supplemental)

Freshwater

Invertebrates Daphnia magna
(Water Flea) EC 50 (48 hours) 3,080 μg a.i./L
(Immobility) 45774801
(Acceptable)

4,900 μg a.i./L

(Immobility) 00062427
(Supplemental)

NOAEC
(21 days) 370 μg a.i./L
(Dry weight) 42834605
(Acceptable)

Estuarine/

Marine Fish Cyprinodon variegatus
(sheepshead minnow) LC 50 (96 hours) 4,000 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 4283601
(Acceptable)

NOAEC
(28 days posthatch) Data Gap N/A

Estuarine/

Marine

Invertebrates Crassostrea virginica
(eastern oyster) EC 50 (96 hours) 2,600 μg a.i./L
(Shell Deposition) 4234602
(Supplemental)

Americamysis bahia
(mysid shrimp) LC 50 (96 hours) 2,500 μg a.i./L
(Mortality) 42834603
(Acceptable)

Americamysis bahia
(mysid shrimp) NOAEC
(28 days) Data Gap N/A

Vascular Plants Lemna gibba
(duckweed) IC 50 (14 days) 8,120 μg a.i./L
(Frond number) 42834610
(Supplemental –
Data Gap ) NOAEC (14 days) 1,400 μg a.i./L (Frond number)

Nonvascular

Plants Raphidocelis subcapitata* (green algae) IC 50 (120 hours) 72 μg a.i./L (Cell density) 42834606 (Acceptable) NOAEC
(120 hours) 2 μg a.i./L (Cell density)

Anabaena flos-aquae

(blue-green alga) IC 50 (120 hours) 290 μg a.i./L (Cell density) 42834607 (Acceptable)Group Species

(Common Name) Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID or Acc. No.
(Study Classification)

NOAEC
(120 hours) 56 μg a.i./L (Cell density)

Navicula pelliculosa (freshwater diatom) IC 50 (120 hours) 430 μg a.i./L (Cell density) 42834608 (Acceptable) NOAEC
(120 hours) 6.7 μg a.i./L (Cell density)

Skeletonoma costatum (marine diatom) IC 50 (120 hours) 245 μg a.i./L (Cell density) 42834609 (Acceptable) NOAEC
(120 hours) 11 μg a.i./L (Cell density)

Terrestrial Organisms

Avian ‡ Colinus virginianus (northern bobwhite quail) Oral LD 50 560 mg a.i./kg-bw (Survival) 00002238 (Acceptable) Dietary LC 50

(5 days) >5,000 mg/kg-diet (Survival) 624780 (Supplemental)

NOAEC (27 weeks) 50 mg/kg-diet (Hatchling viability) 43744101 (Supplemental)

Anas platyrhynchos (mallard duck) Oral LD 50 1,640 mg a.i./kg-bw (Survival) 0003276 (Supplemental) Dietary LC 50

(5 days) 1,650 mg/kg-diet (Survival) 624790 (Supplemental)

NOAEC (27 weeks) 50 mg a.i./kg-diet † (Female body weight) 43774102 (Supplemental) passerine Oral LD 50 Data Gap N/A most sensitive species from oral toxicity tests Inhalation LC 50 Data Gap N/A

Mammals Rattus norvegicus (laboratory rat) LD 50 1028 mg a.i./kg-bw 43724501 (Acceptable)

NOAEL Data Gap N/A

Inhalation LC 50 >5.7 mg/L Acceptable (43724503)

Terrestrial

Invertebrates Apis mellifera (honey bee) LD 50 (48 hours) Data Gap N/A

Plants (Vegetative

Vigor) Dicots IC 25

Data Gap (TEP) N/A NOAEC

Monocots IC 25 NOAEC

Plants (Seedling Emergence) Dicots IC 25

Data Gap (TEP) N/A NOAEC

Monocots IC 25 NOAEC

§ Birds are surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

¶ Freshwater are surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians * Formerly Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Selenastrum capricornutum.

### Table B2. Summary of Degradate Toxicity Data

Group Species Endpoint

(Duration) Toxicity Value

(Measured Effect) MRID
(Study Classification)

5-ethxy-3-dichloromethyl-1,2 ,4-thiadiazole (3-DCMT)

Freshwater fish Onchorynchus mykiss LC 50 (96 hours) 770 μg 3-DCMT/L 44606702 (Acceptable)

Freshwater

invertebrates Daphnia magna EC 50 (48 Hours) 1,100 μg 3-DCMT/L 45369401 (Acceptable)

Estuarine/marine

fish Cyprinodon variegatus LC 50 (96 hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A

5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (3-Carb-T)

Freshwater fish Onchorynchus mykiss LC 50 (96 hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A

Freshwater

invertebrates Daphnia magna EC 50 (48 Hours) Data Gap (Degradate) N/A

### Appendix C. Results from the Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk Assessment (STIR)

### Appendix D. Results from Screen ing Imbibition Program (SIP)

### Appendix E. 

### Data Call-In Recommendations and Justification Tables for Select

Studies

Justification tables are not provided for st udies which are well-documented in existing US EPA test guidelines.

With etridiazole technical grade active ingredient ( TGAI ):

 Acute oral toxicity to passeri ne birds (OCSPP Guideline 850.2100)

 Acute contact toxicity to hone y bee (OCSPP Guideline 850.3020)

 Acute oral toxicity to honey bee ( e.g ., OECD 213)

 Larval toxicity to honey bee ( e.g ., OECD 237, requires protocol submission)

 Freshwater fish full life cycle test (OCSPP Guideline 850.1500, requires protocol submission)

 Fish early life stage test (estuarine /marine species) (O CSPP Guideline 850.1400)

 Mysid chronic toxicity test (OCSPP Guideline 850.1350)

 Environmental Chemistry Methods (ECM ) for Soil and Water and Associated Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV ), OCSPP Guideline 850.6100 is needed to support field dissipation studies.

 Aerobic aquatic metabolism study, OCSPP Guideline 835.4300.

With etridiazole typical end-use product ( TEP ):

 Terrestrial plants seedling emergence and seedling growth (OCSPP Guideline 850.4100)

 Terrestrial plants vegetative vigor (OCSPP Guideline 850.4150)

 Aquatic plant toxicity test using Lemna ssp. (OCSPP 850.4400)

With etridiazole transformation products:

 Acute toxicity to estuarine/marine fish using the degradate 3-DCMT (Guideline 72- 3, OCSPP Guideline 850.1075)

 Acute toxicity to freshwater fish using the degradate 3-Carb-T (Guideline 72-1, OCSPP Guideline 850.1075)

 Acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrate s using the degradate 3-Carb-T (Guideline 72-2, OCSPP Guideline 850.1010)

Guideline Number: 850.2100 Study Title: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test

Test Substance: Etridiazole—TGAI Rationale for Requiring the Data Acceptable acute avian oral toxicity data were not submitted for a passerine species exposed to etridiazole, which is now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 (CFR 40 2008) data requirements for conventional pesticides. The revi sed Part 158 data requirements specify that acute avian oral toxicity data be submitted for either one waterfowl or one upland game species and one passerine species. The available acute oral toxicity data for bobwhite quail, when compared to estimated environmental concen trations, indicate that levels of concern are

### exceeded for birds on an acute exposure basi s. Because passerine species have higher

metabolic rates due to their smaller sizes than either waterfowl or upland game bird species and because they may utilize different metabolic pathways, they may be more or less sensitive to etridiazole. In order to properl y characterize risk to passerines, an avian oral t oxicity test is required for passerine birds. At this time, it is recommended that a pass erine study protocol be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of the study. Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used? Acute avian oral toxicity data for passerine speci es will be used to refine the screening-level risk assessment by determining whether there are differences in avian species sensitivity to etridiazole between currently tested passerine and upland game and wate rfowl species that are beyond the simple allometric predictions currently employed in the absence of such passerine data. The current extrapolation method may be under- or over-estimating risks to passerines.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future risk assessments, including listed species assessments, are performed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that et ridiazole “may affect” lis ted birds directly (and listed species from other taxa indirectly), and use of etridiazole and its formulated products may need to be restricted in areas where listed species could be exposed. The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Ag ency and registrants have in complying with the Endangered Species Act and could result in restrictions for etridiazole use that might prove to be unnecessary given data to address this area of unc ertainty. In addition, th e lack of these data may result in an uncertain assumed risk and potential mitigation of etridiazole formulations

under FIFRA.

Study Title: Honey Bee Acute Oral Toxicity Test Guideline Number: Non-guideline

Test Substance: Etridiazole—TGAI Rationale for Requiring the Data

No data are available to assess the toxicity of etridiazole to honey bees on an acute exposure basis. Based on the registered use patterns, terr estrial invertebrates have the potential to be exposed by contacting and consuming etridiazole re sidues. Therefore, the acute oral toxicity

test is needed for EFED’s curre nt screening-level process for assessing potential effects to

terrestrial invertebrates.

The Agency does not have a guideline for the acute oral honey bee study; however, the OECD 213 guideline may be useful in protocol development. Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used? Data will be used to assess haza rd and characterize risk to nontarget listed and nonlisted terrestrial invertebrate species.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future endangered species risk assessments are pe rformed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that etridiazole "may affect" endangered terr estrial insects directly (and endangered species from other taxa indirectly), and use of etridiazo le might need to be re stricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed. The lack of these data will lim it the flexibility the

### Agency and registrants have in coming into co mpliance with the Endangered Species Act and

could result in use restrictions for etridiazole which are unnecessa rily severe. In addition, the lack of these data may result in an uncerta in assumed risk and potential mitigation of

etridiazole formulations under FIFRA.

Study Title: Honeybee Larval Toxicity Study Guideline Number: Non-guideline

Test Substance: Etridiazole—TGAI Rationale for Requiring the Data No data have been submitted on the toxicity of etridiazole to honey bee larvae. A larval toxicity study is needed to determine the toxicity of the compound to developing brood ( i.e

., larvae and pupae). This study is part of EFED’s current screen ing-level process for determining potential effects to terrestrial in vertebrates. Therefore, a non-guideline honeybee larval toxicity study is reco mmended. The registrant should submit a proposed protocol for review and approval by EFED pr ior to initiation of the study. Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used? Data will be used to assess risk to non-targ et listed and non-listed terrestrial invertebrate species. This study would allow the Agency to re fine the screening-leve l hazard assessment for

beneficial terrestrial invertebrate s. The effects data will be us ed to determine the potential for

adverse effects on beneficial terr estrial invertebrates through direct effects on larval bees.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? EPA is required by section 7(a)(2 ) of the Endangered Species Ac t (ESA) to ensure that any

action it authorizes or takes “... is not likely to jeopardize th e continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of

critical habitat ” and “ to use the best scien tific data available ” in carrying out this obligation. The data EPA intends to call in are necessary to inform the determination required by ESA as to whether continued registration of a pesticide is or is not lik ely to jeopardize the species or its designated critical habitat. The lack of these data will limit the flexibility that the Agency has in coming into compliance with ESA and c ould result in use restrictions that are unnecessarily severe. In addition, the lack of these data may result in an uncertain assumed risk and potential mitigation of etridiazole formulations under FIFRA.