NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 13a0518n.06

No. 12-2049

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

MARY KERN,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

CHRYSLER UAW PENSION,

Defendant-Appellee.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 

EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

Before: COLE and COOK, Circuit Judges; Katz, District Judge

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PER CURIAM. In this ERISA action, Plaintiff MaryKern seeks widow’s benefits under the

pension plan of her late husband’s employer, Chrysler Group LLC. At the time of his death, the

couple had been married less than four months. The plan administrator denied benefits, citing the

plan’s one-year-marriage eligibility requirement, and the district court—adopting the magistrate

judge’s detailed report and recommendation—granted judgment on the administrative record to the

plan. Kern now appeals, raising essentially the same argument that she presented to the district

court: that the administrator improperly applied the one-year-marriage rule in the widow’s benefits

context, contrary to the plan’s language and ERISA. We disagree and AFFIRM.

The Honorable David A. Katz, United States District Judge for the Northern District of *

Ohio, sitting by designation.
No. 12-2049

Kern v. Chrysler UAW Pension

Because this ERISA plan vests the administrator with discretion “to interpret the [p]lan and

determine eligibility for . . . benefits,” we review its interpretation under the “highly deferential

arbitrary and capricious standard.” Haus v. Bechtel Jacobs Co., LLC, 491 F.3d 557, 561 (6th Cir.

2007). Accordingly, we will affirm “so long as it is possible to offer a reasoned explanation, based

on the evidence, for [the administrator’s decision].” Price v. Bd. of Trs. of Ind. Laborer’s Pension

Fund, 707 F.3d 647, 651 (6th Cir. 2013) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

The administrator here, Chrysler Group LLC-UAW Pension Board of Administration, reads

the plan’s terms as requiring one year of marriage before widow’s benefits attach, consistent with

ERISA’s similar exception to its mandate of surviving spouse benefits, 29 U.S.C. § 1055(f)(1). That

provision states that a qualifying ERISA plan “may provide that a qualified joint and survivor

annuity(or a qualified preretirement survivor annuity) will not be provided unless the participant and

spouse had been married throughout the 1-year period ending on the earlier of (A) the participant’s

annuity starting date, or (B) the date of the participant’s death.” Id. 

Although she appears to acknowledge that this provision permits a qualifying plan to

condition benefits on a year’s marriage, she claims that this plan failed to incorporate

§ 1055(f)(1)(B)’s exception. (Appellant Br. at 17 (“[T]he administrator chose to address one-half

of the permissible exceptions by drafting [plan] language that is clearly intended where a participant 

retires while married less than one year. . . . [But it] did not incorporate the one-year prior to death

exception within the Widow’s/Widower’s Pension Benefit section.”).) Likening the situation to

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No. 12-2049

Kern v. Chrysler UAW Pension

insurance law, where courts typically require clear language before enforcing coverage exceptions,

see, e.g., Ins. Co. of Penn. v. Cont’l Nat’l Indem. Co., 7 F. App’x 503, 507 (6th Cir. 2001), Kern

argues that the administrator read a missing exclusion into the plan language. The plan language,

though complex, belies this claim.

As the district court explained, section (9)B, addressing widow’s pension benefits, limits

eligibility to “the surviving spouse of an employee . . . (ii) who, if he had retired at the date of his

death, would have been eligible to make the election under [s]ection (9)A [the term detailing “The

Regular Surviving Spouse Option” benefits].” (A.R. at 161–62.) Section (9)A.2., in turn, provides: 

[The employee’s] automatic election [of a reduced monthly pension benefit]shall be

deemed to have been made at the time that the employee applies for a monthly

pension . . . and the effective date of the election shall be the date his monthly

pension commences except . . . :

(a) In the case of an employee who is married when his election would

otherwise become effective but whose marriage at that date has been

continuously in effect for less than one year, the effective date of his election

shall be the first day of the month following the month in which such

marriage has been continuously in effect for one year. 

(A.R. at 157–58 (emphasis added).) Applying that provision here, Kern could never qualify for

surviving spouse benefits—and by extension, widow’s benefits— because her husband died without

applying for a pension (Appellant Br. at 14), and his untimely death foreclosed the earliest possible

effective date for electing the benefits, “the first day of the month following” their marriage’s oneyear anniversary.

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No. 12-2049

Kern v. Chrysler UAW Pension

Kern derides this interpretation as employing a “fiction that [her late husband] had applied

for pension benefits and selected his annuity starting date.” But that is the nature of the condition

in section (9)B(ii), asking whether the decedent would have been eligible to make the election under

section (9)A if he had retired at the date of his death. Other than resisting this necessary

hypothetical, Kern does not suggest that her husband qualified under section (9)A. We need not

consider whether the plan should have employed simpler language or the administrator could have

ruled differently. It suffices that the administrator reasonably applied the plan language in denying

widow’s benefits. 

1

Because Kern fails to show that the administrator acted in an arbitrary or capricious manner,

we AFFIRM.

Kern appears to advance two additional arguments premised on a 2001 Summary Plan 1

Document and certain provisions of the tax code. She forfeited these arguments by not preserving

them in her objection to the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation or failing to develop them

in her appellate briefing. See, e.g., United States v. Johnson, 440 F.3d 832, 846 (6th Cir. 2006)

(declining to consider an issue that did not appear in the statement of issues and received only

“perfunctory” treatment in the brief); cf. CIGNA Corp. v. Amara, 131 S. Ct. 1866, 1877 (2011)

(rejecting the argument that summary plan terms “may be enforced (under [ERISA] § 502(a)(1)(B))

as the terms of the [ERISA] plan itself”); Sprague v. Gen. Motors Corp., 133 F.3d 388, 401 (6th Cir.

1998) (en banc)(“An omission from the summaryplan description does not, bynegative implication,

alter the terms of the plan itself.”). 

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