8-C-i

APPENDIX 8-C. ENERGY PRICE CALCULATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BOILERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8-C.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 8-C-1

8-C.2 RECS/CBECS SAMPLE MAPPING PROCESS....................................................... 8-C-1

8-C.3 AVERAGE MARGINAL MONTHLY PRICES ....................................................... 8-C-1

8-C.3.1 Average Annual Prices Determination ................................................................. 8-C-1

8-C.3.1.1 Annual Electrical Prices...................................................................... 8-C-1

8-C.3.1.2 Annual Natural Gas Prices.................................................................. 8-C-6

8-C.3.1.3 Annual LPG Prices ........................................................................... 8-C-10

8-C.3.1.4 Annual Fuel Oil Prices...................................................................... 8-C-14

8-C.3.2 Monthly Energy Price Factors Determination .................................................... 8-C-18

8-C.3.2.1 Monthly Residential Electricity Price Factor Calculations............... 8-C-18

8-C.3.2.2 Monthly Commercial Electricity Price Factor Calculations............. 8-C-21

8-C.3.2.3 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Price Factor Calculations............ 8-C-22

8-C.3.2.4 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Price Factor Calculations .......... 8-C-26

8-C.3.2.5 Monthly Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Price Factor 

Calculations....................................................................................... 8-C-26

8-C.3.2.1 Monthly Commercial Liquid Petroleum Gas Price Factor 

Calculations....................................................................................... 8-C-28

8-C.3.3 Monthly Residential Oil Price Factor Calculations............................................ 8-C-28

8-C.3.3.2 Monthly Commercial Oil Price Factor Calculations ........................ 8-C-30

8-C.3.4 Seasonal Marginal Price Factors Determination................................................. 8-C-30

8-C.3.4.1 Marginal Price Factor Calculation for Electricity and Natural Gas.. 8-C-31

8-C.3.5 Results................................................................................................................. 8-C-34

8-C.4 HOUSEHOLD ENERGY PRICE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR................................. 8-C-41

8-C.5 ENERGY PRICE TRENDS ..................................................................................... 8-C-41

8-C.5.1 Residential Energy Price Trends......................................................................... 8-C-41

8-C.5.2 Commercial Energy Price Trends....................................................................... 8-C-45

LIST OF TABLES

Table 8-C.3.1 2011 Monthly Residential Electricity Prices by State (2012$/kWh)......... 8-C-2

Table 8-C.3.2 2011 Monthly Commercial Electricity Prices by State (2012$/kWh)....... 8-C-3

Table 8-C.3.3 Average Residential Electricity Prices by Region in 2011........................ 8-C-5

Table 8-C.3.4 Average Commercial Electricity Prices by Region in 2011 ...................... 8-C-6

Table 8-C.3.5 2011 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Prices by State (2011$/cu ft)....... 8-C-6

Table 8-C.3.6 2011 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Prices by State (2011$/ cu ft).... 8-C-7

Table 8-C.3.7 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices by Region in 2011 ..................... 8-C-9

Table 8-C.3.8 Average Commercial Natural Gas Prices by Region in 2011.................... 8-C-9

Table 8-C.3.9 2011 Residential Average LPG Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu)........... 8-C-10

Table 8-C.3.10 2011 Commercial Average LPG Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu) ......... 8-C-11

Table 8-C.3.11 Average Residential LPG Prices by Region in 2011............................... 8-C-13

Table 8-C.3.12 Average Commercial LPG Prices by Region in 2011 ............................. 8-C-13
8-C-ii

Table 8-C.3.13 2011 Residential Average Fuel Oil Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu) ..... 8-C-14

Table 8-C.3.14 2011 Commercial Average Fuel Oil Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu).... 8-C-15

Table 8-C.3.15 Average Residential Fuel Oil Prices by Region in 2011 ......................... 8-C-17

Table 8-C.3.16 Average Commercial Fuel Oil Prices by Region in 2011........................ 8-C-17

Table 8-C.3.17 1990-2011 Average Residential Electricity Prices for New York 

(nominal cents/kWh)................................................................................ 8-C-19

Table 8-C.3.18 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2011 for New York............. 8-C-20

Table 8-C.3.19 Monthly Residential Electricity Price Factors......................................... 8-C-21

Table 8-C.3.20 Monthly Commercial Electricity Price Factors ....................................... 8-C-22

Table 8-C.3.21 1989-2010 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices for New York 

($/tcf)........................................................................................................ 8-C-23

Table 8-C.3.22 1989-2011 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for New York................ 8-C-24

Table 8-C.3.23 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Energy Price Factors.......................... 8-C-25

Table 8-C.3.24 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Energy Price Factors........................ 8-C-26

Table 8-C.3.25 Average LPG Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents/gallon) ............... 8-C-27

Table 8-C.3.26 Monthly LPG Price Factors for 1995-2009 for the Northeast ................. 8-C-27

Table 8-C.3.27 Monthly Residential LPG Energy Price Factors...................................... 8-C-28

Table 8-C.3.29 Average Residential Oil Prices for the Northeast (nominal 

cents/gallon)............................................................................................. 8-C-29

Table 8-C.3.30 Monthly Oil Price Factors for 1995-2009 for Census Division 1............ 8-C-29

Table 8-C.3.31 Monthly Residential Oil Energy Price Factors........................................ 8-C-30

Table 8-C.3.32 Residential Marginal Electricity Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data .......................................................................................................... 8-C-32

Table 8-C.3.33 Commercial Marginal Electricity Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data .......................................................................................................... 8-C-32

Table 8-C.3.34 Residential Marginal Natural Gas Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data .......................................................................................................... 8-C-33

Table 8-C.3.35 Commercial Marginal Natural Gas Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data .......................................................................................................... 8-C-33

Table 8-C.3.36 Residential Marginal Monthly Electricity Prices for 2011 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/kWh) ...................................................... 8-C-34

Table 8-C.3.37 Commercial Marginal Monthly Electricity Prices for 2011 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/kWh) ...................................................... 8-C-35

Table 8-C.3.38 Residential Marginal Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2010 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/MMBtu) ................................................. 8-C-36

Table 8-C.3.39 Commercial Marginal Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2010 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/MMBtu) ................................................. 8-C-37

Table 8-C.3.40 Residential Monthly LPG Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)....................................................................................... 8-C-38

Table 8-C.3.41 Commercial Monthly LPG Prices for 2011 Using Average Price 

Factors (2012$/MMBtu).......................................................................... 8-C-39

Table 8-C.3.42 Residential Monthly Oil Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)....................................................................................... 8-C-40
8-C-iii

Table 8-C.3.43 Commercial Monthly Oil Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)....................................................................................... 8-C-41

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 8-C.1.1 Energy Price Calculation Process.............................................................. 8-C-1

Figure 8-C.3.1 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2011 for New York............. 8-C-20

Figure 8-C.3.2 1989-2011 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for New York................ 8-C-24

Figure 8-C.3.3 Monthly LPG Factors for 1995-2009 for the Northeast .......................... 8-C-28

Figure 8-C.3.4 Monthly Oil Price Factors for 1995-2009 for Census Division 1............ 8-C-30

Figure 8-C.5.1 Projected Residential National Electricity Price...................................... 8-C-42

Figure 8-C.5.2 Projected Residential Division Electricity Prices.................................... 8-C-42

Figure 8-C.5.3 Projected Residential National Natural Gas Price ................................... 8-C-43

Figure 8-C.5.4 Projected Residential Division Natural Gas Prices.................................. 8-C-43

Figure 8-C.5.5 Projected Residential National LPG Prices ............................................. 8-C-44

Figure 8-C.5.6 Projected Residential Division LPG Prices ............................................. 8-C-44

Figure 8-C.5.7 Projected Residential National Fuel Oil Prices........................................ 8-C-45

Figure 8-C.5.8 Projected Residential Division Fuel Oil Prices........................................ 8-C-45

Figure 8-C.5.9 Projected Commercial National Electricity Price .................................... 8-C-46

Figure 8-C.5.10 Projected Commercial Division Electricity Prices .................................. 8-C-46

Figure 8-C.5.11 Projected Commercial National Natural Gas Price ................................. 8-C-47

Figure 8-C.5.12 Projected Commercial Division Natural Gas Prices................................ 8-C-47

Figure 8-C.5.13 Projected Commercial National LPG Prices............................................ 8-C-48

Figure 8-C.5.14 Projected Commercial Division LPG Prices............................................ 8-C-48

Figure 8-C.5.15 Projected Commercial National Fuel Oil Prices...................................... 8-C-49

Figure 8-C.5.16 Projected Commercial Division Fuel Oil Prices...................................... 8-C-49
8-C-1

APPENDIX 8-C. ENERGY PRICE CALCULATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BOILERS

8-C.1 INTRODUCTION

Figure 8-C.1.1 depicts the energy price calculation process, which also encompasses 

average energy price, seasonal marginal price factor, and monthly price factor calculations.

Figure 8-C.1.1 Energy Price Calculation Process

8-C.2 RECS/CBECS SAMPLE MAPPING PROCESS

To match the state data from EIA to the RECS household and CBECS building samples, 

DOE used the average 1987-2003 boilers shipments.1

 See Appendix 7-A for more details. RECS 

2009 utilizes 27 regions (also called reportable domains) and CBECS 2003 provides 9 census 

divisions. The 27th region originally included Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii. Alaska 

and Hawaii are subdivided into separate regions (28 and 29, respectively), based on cooling and 

heating degree days. In addition, region 14 originally included West Virginia, which has been 

disaggregated into region 30 based on cooling and heating degree days. 

8-C.3 AVERAGE MARGINAL MONTHLY PRICES

8-C.3.1 Average Annual Prices Determination

8-C.3.1.1 Annual Electrical Prices

DOE derived 2011 annual electricity prices from EIA Form 826 data.2 The EIA Form 

EIA Historical 

Data

Seasonal 

Marginal Price 

Factors

Energy 

Prices

Average 

Marginal 

Monthly Prices

Energy Price 

Trends by 

Census Division

Location

Monthly Price 

Factors

RECS/CBECS 

Sample

AEO Energy 

Price Trends

Average Energy 

Prices
8-C-2

826 data include energy prices by State. DOE calculated both residential and commercial annual 

electricity prices for each geographical area by averaging monthly energy prices by State to get 

State electricity prices. For areas with more than one State, DOE weighted each State’s average 

price by its number of households and commercial buildings. Table 8-C.3.1 shows the monthly 

residential electricity prices for each state. Table 8-C.3.2 shows the monthly commercial 

electricity prices for each state. 

Table 8-C.3.1 2011 Monthly Residential Electricity Prices by State (2012$/kWh)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. 

2011

United States 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12

Alabama 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11

Alaska 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

Arizona 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11

Arkansas 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

California 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15

Colorado 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Connecticut 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18

Delaware 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14

District of Columbia 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13

Florida 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

Georgia 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11

Hawaii 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.35

Idaho 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08

Illinois 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12

Indiana 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10

Iowa 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11

Kansas 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11

Kentucky 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09

Louisiana 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09

Maine 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Maryland 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

Massachusetts 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15

Michigan 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13

Minnesota 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11

Mississippi 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10

Missouri 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10

Montana 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Nebraska 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09

Nevada 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12

New Hampshire 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17

New Jersey 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

New Mexico 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.11

New York 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.18

North Carolina 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10

North Dakota 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09

Ohio 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11
8-C-3

Oklahoma 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10

Oregon 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Pennsylvania 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13

Rhode Island 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14

South Carolina 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

South Dakota 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

Tennessee 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Texas 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Utah 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Vermont 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16

Virginia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11

Washington 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

West Virginia 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

Wisconsin 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

Wyoming 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

Table 8-C.3.2 2011 Monthly Commercial Electricity Prices by State (2012$/kWh)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. 

2011

United States 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Alabama 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10

Alaska 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Arizona 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09

Arkansas 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07

California 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.13

Colorado 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09

Connecticut 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16

Delaware 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11

District of Columbia 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13

Florida 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Georgia 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Hawaii 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.32

Idaho 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Illinois 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09

Indiana 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Iowa 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08

Kansas 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09

Kentucky 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08

Louisiana 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08

Maine 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

Maryland 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Massachusetts 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14

Michigan 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Minnesota 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09

Mississippi 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09

Missouri 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08

Montana 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Nebraska 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
8-C-4

Nevada 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

New Hampshire 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14

New Jersey 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13

New Mexico 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09

New York 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.16

North Carolina 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

North Dakota 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

Ohio 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10

Oklahoma 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08

Oregon 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

Pennsylvania 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Rhode Island 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12

South Carolina 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09

South Dakota 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

Tennessee 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Texas 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09

Utah 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07

Vermont 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14

Virginia 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

Washington 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07

West Virginia 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08

Wisconsin 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Wyoming 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

All prices in 2011$ were converted to 2012$ to be consistent with the rest of the prices 

used in the analysis. This conversion was performed using Consumer Price Index.a Table 8-

C.3.3 shows the average residential electricity prices for each geographic area. Table 8-C.3.4 

shows the average commercial electricity prices for each geographic area.

 

a ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt
8-C-5

Table 8-C.3.3 Average Residential Electricity Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2013$/kWh

1 Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont $0.174

2 Massachusetts $0.152

3 New York $0.189

4 New Jersey $0.168

5 Pennsylvania $0.138

6 Illinois $0.123

7 Indiana, Ohio $0.115

8 Michigan $0.137

9 Wisconsin $0.135

10 Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota $0.110

11 Kansas, Nebraska $0.102

12 Missouri $0.101

13 Virginia $0.111

14 Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland $0.138

15 Georgia $0.114

16 North Carolina, South Carolina $0.108

17 Florida $0.119

18 Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi $0.099

19 Tennessee $0.104

20 Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma $0.093

21 Texas $0.115

22 Colorado $0.116

23 Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming $0.097

24 Arizona $0.113

25 Nevada, New Mexico $0.115

26 California $0.153

27 Oregon, Washington $0.088

28 Alaska $0.183

29 Hawaii $0.359

30 West Virginia $0.098

31 U.S. Average $0.126
8-C-6

Table 8-C.3.4 Average Commercial Electricity Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2012$/kWh

1 New England $0.148

2 Middle Atlantic $0.145

3 East North Central $0.099

4 West North Central $0.086

5 South Atlantic $0.107

6 East South Central $0.099

7 West South Central $0.088

8 Mountain $0.093

9 Pacific $0.096

10 U.S. Average $0.11

8-C.3.1.2 Annual Natural Gas Prices

DOE obtained the data for natural gas prices from EIA’s Natural Gas Navigator,3 which 

includes monthly natural gas prices by State for residential, commercial, and industrial 

customers. For areas with more than one State, DOE weighted each State’s average price by its 

number of households and number of commercial buildings. Table 8-C.3.5 shows the monthly 

residential natural gas prices for each state. Table 8-C.3.6 shows the monthly commercial natural 

gas prices for each state.

Table 8-C.3.5 2011 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Prices by State (2011$/cu ft)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. 

2011

United States 9.90 10.14 10.43 11.27 12.50 14.70 16.14 16.67 15.63 12.85 10.78 9.84 12.57

Alabama 13.26 13.47 14.85 15.93 18.54 20.27 21.19 21.42 20.40 19.17 16.19 14.82 17.46

Alaska 8.64 8.66 8.77 9.05 9.67 9.60 9.70 9.41 9.13 8.70 8.23 8.43 9.00

Arizona 13.12 13.24 14.03 15.98 17.62 19.38 21.75 22.73 22.23 19.44 15.46 13.00 17.33

Arkansas 9.25 9.30 10.74 13.05 15.19 17.85 19.90 21.55 19.57 18.04 12.58 10.59 14.80

California 9.59 9.89 9.64 9.95 10.47 11.10 11.06 11.25 10.67 10.33 9.20 9.14 10.19

Colorado 7.47 7.56 8.14 7.83 8.92 12.15 13.71 13.89 12.46 9.28 7.59 7.43 9.70

Connecticut 12.54 12.83 12.89 13.25 14.74 17.19 18.59 20.38 19.58 17.26 14.37 13.12 15.56

Delaware 13.91 14.02 14.81 14.69 19.02 21.74 22.74 22.63 22.97 20.90 15.10 14.68 18.10

District of Columbia 12.56 12.68 12.55 12.85 15.14 17.41 16.63 15.85 13.73 13.17 13.33 12.87 14.06

Florida 14.80 15.97 17.12 17.88 21.25 22.41 23.18 23.86 23.16 21.86 18.99 16.93 19.78

Georgia 11.97 13.68 14.60 19.27 21.64 24.37 25.81 26.19 26.62 18.61 14.98 13.79 19.29

Hawaii 46.60 50.65 59.72 56.16 57.72 60.72 57.88 55.70 56.34 60.21 51.58 51.62 55.41

Idaho 8.82 8.73 9.02 8.95 9.13 8.91 9.49 9.91 9.26 8.80 8.42 8.49 8.99

Illinois 7.43 7.60 8.01 8.61 9.93 12.77 16.44 16.49 14.99 11.45 8.98 7.91 10.88

Indiana 8.12 9.02 9.38 11.66 12.75 15.51 15.72 16.14 13.49 9.32 8.36 8.06 11.46

Iowa 8.41 8.54 8.82 9.32 10.62 13.84 16.00 17.27 15.93 12.47 9.77 8.53 11.63

Kansas 8.50 8.52 9.16 10.53 13.05 16.11 18.37 19.70 18.22 14.70 10.11 8.60 12.96

Kentucky 8.55 9.38 9.45 11.94 13.81 17.27 19.04 20.63 19.15 12.99 10.18 9.51 13.49

Louisiana 9.39 9.68 10.63 13.36 14.95 15.96 16.69 17.27 16.24 14.32 11.65 9.98 13.34

Maine 13.92 13.95 13.62 13.93 14.34 13.92 15.60 16.81 15.33 15.23 13.99 15.06 14.64

Maryland 10.37 11.20 11.18 12.49 15.86 19.40 20.00 19.11 18.51 12.71 12.36 11.78 14.58
8-C-7

Massachusetts 14.34 14.15 14.63 13.96 13.20 14.20 16.15 16.26 15.29 11.73 12.71 12.36 14.08

Michigan 10.08 10.04 9.94 10.20 11.08 13.20 14.75 15.67 13.91 11.47 10.17 9.52 11.67

Minnesota 8.79 8.79 8.40 8.56 9.47 11.08 11.97 12.75 10.58 9.35 8.25 7.98 9.66

Mississippi 8.10 9.07 9.59 9.67 11.43 12.49 13.53 13.64 13.22 11.75 9.72 8.22 10.87

Missouri 9.68 9.93 10.97 13.20 15.00 21.94 26.32 26.51 23.79 18.84 13.28 10.00 16.62

Montana 8.14 8.30 8.48 8.79 9.25 10.40 12.22 12.83 12.18 9.68 8.51 8.13 9.74

Nebraska 7.81 7.81 8.05 8.67 9.68 12.84 14.94 15.73 15.02 12.75 9.44 7.90 10.89

Nevada 9.86 10.05 10.41 11.07 11.83 12.27 13.59 14.03 13.81 12.90 10.28 9.17 11.61

New Hampshire 13.45 13.75 13.91 14.95 16.21 16.07 19.79 19.26 18.30 17.23 15.06 13.84 15.99

New Jersey 11.78 11.85 11.02 11.94 12.88 13.63 14.02 14.71 14.29 12.85 11.91 9.84 12.56

New Mexico 8.07 8.08 8.59 9.40 10.35 11.76 13.81 14.54 13.89 12.08 9.47 8.03 10.67

New York 12.05 12.27 12.73 13.60 15.88 19.74 19.77 19.78 19.75 16.56 13.93 12.65 15.73

North Carolina 10.45 12.01 11.86 14.62 19.02 21.94 22.85 22.26 21.11 14.95 11.73 11.74 16.21

North Dakota 7.07 7.25 7.45 7.84 9.82 12.70 14.90 14.92 12.54 9.27 7.76 7.42 9.91

Ohio 9.21 9.61 9.51 11.10 13.41 17.57 20.80 22.95 20.68 13.98 10.20 8.76 13.98

Oklahoma 7.00 7.66 9.29 11.95 15.30 20.28 24.63 27.07 25.04 21.73 12.58 8.41 15.91

Oregon 11.91 11.00 11.12 11.77 12.00 13.37 14.94 15.29 14.97 12.33 11.40 11.06 12.60

Pennsylvania 11.22 11.38 11.96 11.88 14.02 17.76 19.39 20.13 18.84 14.55 12.66 11.77 14.63

Rhode Island 13.98 14.63 15.04 17.24 18.87 19.93 20.99 20.41 18.48 16.55 14.99 13.42 17.04

South Carolina 10.45 12.60 12.29 15.05 17.38 20.21 25.06 24.23 23.35 15.86 12.12 11.86 16.71

South Dakota 7.81 8.07 8.24 8.11 8.92 10.87 13.18 14.08 13.10 10.46 8.71 7.93 9.96

Tennessee 8.56 8.99 10.12 10.79 13.19 16.07 18.73 18.33 17.41 13.42 10.65 9.81 13.01

Texas 8.01 8.52 9.74 12.90 14.67 15.99 17.58 18.21 16.65 14.28 10.01 8.50 12.92

Utah 8.56 8.73 8.80 8.29 7.67 8.08 9.42 9.96 9.92 9.26 7.89 7.79 8.70

Vermont 14.66 14.31 14.51 15.05 16.72 20.16 23.03 24.99 23.93 21.08 17.56 16.57 18.55

Virginia 10.98 11.84 11.40 13.40 17.45 19.22 20.66 18.88 18.97 14.66 12.88 12.63 15.25

Washington 11.72 11.79 11.92 12.20 13.00 14.06 15.48 16.03 15.92 13.26 11.81 11.27 13.21

West Virginia 10.03 10.21 10.41 11.08 13.04 15.64 17.22 18.05 16.13 11.37 10.79 10.40 12.86

Wisconsin 9.50 9.30 9.39 9.93 10.06 13.27 13.61 14.62 11.85 9.45 9.79 8.98 10.81

Wyoming 7.68 7.92 8.06 8.44 9.02 10.09 13.85 15.64 14.73 11.23 8.54 8.00 10.27

Table 8-C.3.6 2011 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Prices by State (2011$/ cu ft)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. 

2011

United States 8.75 8.88 8.89 9.03 9.36 9.58 9.59 9.77 9.47 8.95 8.63 8.33 9.10

Alabama 11.83 11.99 12.23 12.56 12.95 13.06 13.02 13.33 13.21 12.98 12.63 12.05 12.65

Alaska 8.82 8.95 8.91 9.08 9.26 8.58 8.44 8.50 8.72 8.73 8.52 8.55 8.76

Arizona 9.90 9.96 9.82 9.96 10.18 9.97 10.31 10.42 10.49 10.28 9.95 9.54 10.07

Arkansas 7.80 7.78 8.28 9.95 10.72 11.15 11.11 11.46 11.18 10.92 8.97 8.36 9.81

California 8.28 8.50 8.17 8.31 8.19 8.57 8.66 9.10 8.33 8.04 7.63 7.96 8.31

Colorado 8.07 7.88 7.60 7.29 7.81 8.49 9.59 9.64 9.41 8.14 7.69 7.05 8.22

Connecticut 8.16 8.38 8.17 8.33 8.63 8.63 8.75 9.16 9.43 9.35 8.41 8.32 8.64

Delaware 13.11 13.07 13.40 13.20 15.37 15.23 15.56 15.29 15.19 15.23 12.98 13.10 14.23

District of Columbia 12.23 12.55 12.31 12.43 12.60 12.85 13.23 12.69 12.91 11.76 11.66 11.56 12.40

Florida 11.47 11.86 11.26 11.49 11.43 11.44 11.16 10.66 10.65 10.28 10.64 10.33 11.06

Georgia 9.50 10.00 10.16 10.63 12.19 12.36 12.51 12.77 12.53 11.13 9.89 8.94 11.05

Hawaii 38.09 41.08 48.74 46.17 47.10 50.67 47.00 45.20 45.31 48.34 45.07 44.75 45.63

Idaho 8.27 8.13 8.33 8.43 8.44 8.15 8.19 8.20 8.16 7.65 7.75 7.74 8.12
8-C-8

Illinois 7.23 7.40 7.72 8.13 9.21 11.58 12.78 12.85 11.51 9.60 8.37 7.68 9.51

Indiana 7.41 8.15 8.26 9.97 9.55 10.08 9.61 10.14 8.45 7.34 7.03 7.32 8.61

Iowa 7.40 7.51 7.39 7.33 7.80 8.46 9.12 9.19 8.21 7.12 7.58 7.19 7.86

Kansas 8.09 8.00 8.43 9.42 11.10 12.44 12.53 12.86 12.58 11.04 9.10 8.01 10.30

Kentucky 7.89 8.44 8.26 9.33 9.73 10.68 10.89 11.18 10.72 9.43 8.93 8.44 9.49

Louisiana 9.22 9.15 9.39 9.44 9.78 9.89 9.85 9.56 9.31 9.16 9.10 9.12 9.41

Maine 11.99 12.89 11.78 12.71 11.60 10.41 11.28 10.55 10.32 8.76 10.88 11.05 11.19

Maryland 9.52 9.92 9.82 10.02 11.90 11.84 13.38 11.90 12.08 10.71 10.28 10.31 10.97

Massachusetts 12.31 12.21 12.82 12.10 10.77 10.36 10.42 10.56 10.06 9.62 11.31 11.01 11.13

Michigan 9.15 9.12 9.06 8.95 9.38 10.36 10.89 11.42 10.51 9.29 8.62 8.40 9.60

Minnesota 7.52 7.73 7.44 7.68 8.00 8.23 8.11 8.82 7.56 6.88 6.86 6.78 7.63

Mississippi 8.17 8.25 7.82 7.75 7.92 7.49 7.77 7.70 7.72 8.14 8.49 7.87 7.92

Missouri 9.38 9.58 9.80 10.28 10.68 11.95 12.68 12.78 11.97 10.99 10.35 8.72 10.76

Montana 8.20 8.36 8.54 8.75 9.17 10.18 9.44 9.96 9.87 9.51 8.48 8.13 9.05

Nebraska 6.07 6.94 7.03 6.33 6.65 7.01 7.34 7.49 7.25 6.83 6.65 6.62 6.85

Nevada 8.37 8.23 8.28 8.21 8.14 8.15 8.10 8.10 8.13 8.09 7.72 7.41 8.08

New Hampshire 11.07 11.44 11.47 12.02 11.75 11.07 12.60 12.51 12.99 11.41 11.37 11.05 11.73

New Jersey 10.00 10.01 9.09 8.89 9.51 10.79 10.03 10.59 9.57 8.57 9.07 8.72 9.57

New Mexico 6.58 6.59 6.77 6.89 7.24 7.53 7.96 8.59 8.22 7.81 7.34 6.58 7.34

New York 9.72 9.49 9.87 9.38 9.80 9.03 8.14 8.55 8.63 9.02 9.19 9.19 9.17

North Carolina 8.89 9.97 9.48 10.45 10.01 10.31 10.60 9.50 9.93 9.41 9.84 9.67 9.84

North Dakota 6.75 6.86 6.92 6.69 7.56 8.30 8.58 8.60 7.77 6.99 6.86 6.66 7.38

Ohio 8.66 8.87 8.40 8.78 9.04 9.46 9.53 9.33 9.02 8.39 7.70 7.47 8.72

Oklahoma 6.50 7.06 8.11 11.39 13.35 15.18 16.24 17.08 15.95 15.18 10.68 7.48 12.02

Oregon 9.80 9.27 9.36 9.73 9.72 9.69 9.90 10.44 10.48 9.95 9.44 9.27 9.75

Pennsylvania 10.15 10.30 10.64 10.21 11.18 11.46 12.36 12.00 11.40 10.19 10.13 9.84 10.82

Rhode Island 12.59 12.91 12.80 13.74 15.58 16.82 17.38 17.93 17.02 14.40 12.78 11.99 14.66

South Carolina 9.89 10.66 9.32 9.77 9.16 10.28 9.79 9.46 8.87 9.10 9.81 9.35 9.62

South Dakota 6.81 6.96 6.93 6.51 6.92 7.61 7.88 8.62 7.80 7.09 6.98 6.82 7.24

Tennessee 8.33 8.46 8.85 9.00 9.31 9.84 10.67 10.81 10.31 9.48 9.45 9.05 9.46

Texas 6.46 7.07 6.98 7.16 7.90 7.73 7.64 7.93 7.80 7.40 6.71 6.39 7.26

Utah 7.34 7.42 7.47 7.07 6.48 6.59 7.01 7.30 7.25 7.08 6.56 6.54 7.01

Vermont 11.47 11.24 11.26 11.36 11.64 12.31 13.29 13.99 13.81 13.11 12.72 12.60 12.40

Virginia 9.43 10.03 9.34 9.85 10.38 10.75 10.13 10.30 10.51 9.69 9.28 9.38 9.92

Washington 10.25 9.91 10.38 10.42 10.81 11.07 11.63 11.68 11.63 10.74 10.11 9.62 10.69

West Virginia 9.28 9.29 9.46 9.78 10.46 11.51 11.53 11.47 10.33 9.69 9.57 9.44 10.15

Wisconsin 8.35 8.16 8.09 8.20 7.47 8.13 8.33 8.25 7.60 6.93 8.09 7.78 7.95

Wyoming 6.94 7.10 6.99 7.08 7.35 7.40 8.51 8.97 8.57 7.78 7.53 7.16 7.62

All prices in 2011$ were converted to 2012$ to be consistent with the rest of the prices 

used in the analysis. This conversion was performed using Consumer Price Index.b DOE also 

used a conversion factor (1.023) to convert from Cubic feet of natural gas to MMBtu.c Table 8-

C.3.7 displays the 2011 annual residential natural gas prices by geographic region. Table 8-C.3.8 

displays the 2011 annual commercial natural gas prices by geographic region.

 

b ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt

c http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=45&t=7
8-C-9

Table 8-C.3.7 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2013$/kWh

1 Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont $16.051

2 Massachusetts $14.256

3 New York $15.920

4 New Jersey $12.715

5 Pennsylvania $14.811

6 Illinois $11.019

7 Indiana, Ohio $13.468

8 Michigan $11.813

9 Wisconsin $10.946

10 Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota $10.449

11 Kansas, Nebraska $11.885

12 Missouri $16.827

13 Virginia $15.436

14 Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland $14.884

15 Georgia $19.533

16 North Carolina, South Carolina $16.471

17 Florida $20.029

18 Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi $13.692

19 Tennessee $13.167

20 Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma $13.937

21 Texas $13.081

22 Colorado $9.822

23 Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming $9.392

24 Arizona $17.546

25 Nevada, New Mexico $11.023

26 California $10.317

27 Oregon, Washington $13.291

28 Alaska $9.110

29 Hawaii $56.093

30 West Virginia $13.023

31 U.S. Average $13.019

Table 8-C.3.8 Average Commercial Natural Gas Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2013$/kWh

1 New England $11.12

2 Middle Atlantic $9.74

3 East North Central $9.07

4 West North Central $8.02

5 South Atlantic $10.91

6 East South Central $9.64

7 West South Central $8.81

8 Mountain $8.24

9 Pacific $10.13

10 U.S. Average $9.22
8-C-10

8-C.3.1.3 Annual LPG Prices

DOE collected 2011 average LPG prices from EIA’s 2011 State Energy Consumption, 

Price, and Expenditures Estimates (SEDS). 4 SEDS includes annual LPG prices for residential, 

commercial, industrial, and transportation consumers by state. For areas with more than one 

State, DOE weighted each State’s average price by its number of households and number of 

commercial buildings. Table 8-C.3.9 shows the annual residential LPG prices for each state. 

Table 8-C.3.10 shows the annual commercial LPG prices for each state.

Table 8-C.3.9 2011 Residential Average LPG Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Avg. 2011

United States 28.31

Alabama $34.48 

Alaska $38.37 

Arizona $34.92 

Arkansas $36.65 

California $31.92 

Colorado $24.35 

Connecticut $26.49 

Delaware $24.30 

District of Columbia $23.12 

Florida $24.39 

Georgia $24.26 

Hawaii $23.89 

Idaho $27.78 

Illinois $37.34 

Indiana $28.74 

Iowa $29.92 

Kansas $41.59 

Kentucky $29.22 

Louisiana $30.17 

Maine $29.26 

Maryland $31.13 

Massachusetts $27.01 

Michigan $27.03 

Minnesota $35.95 

Mississippi $30.90 

Missouri $34.70 

Montana $29.79 

Nebraska $39.26 

Nevada $65.33 

New Hampshire $29.50 

New Jersey $34.48 

New Mexico $38.37 
8-C-11

New York $34.92 

North Carolina $36.65 

North Dakota $31.92 

Ohio $24.35 

Oklahoma $26.49 

Oregon $24.30 

Pennsylvania $23.12 

Rhode Island $24.39 

South Carolina $24.26 

South Dakota $23.89 

Tennessee $27.78 

Texas $37.34 

Utah $28.74 

Vermont $29.92 

Virginia $41.59 

Washington $29.22 

West Virginia $30.17 

Wisconsin $29.26 

Wyoming $31.13 

Table 8-C.3.10 2011 Commercial Average LPG Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Avg. 2011

United States 24.14

Alabama 23.23

Alaska 23.15

Arizona 24.68

Arkansas 23.68

California 24.94

Colorado 21.42

Connecticut 26.34

Delaware 25.04

District of Columbia 26.54

Florida 25.35

Georgia 24.87

Hawaii 24.07

Idaho 22.07

Illinois 21.8

Indiana 21.96

Iowa 21.75

Kansas 21.81

Kentucky 21.75

Louisiana 23.23

Maine 26.05

Maryland 26.54

Massachusetts 26.36

Michigan 21.75

Minnesota 21.93
8-C-12

Mississippi 23.9

Missouri 21.39

Montana 20.82

Nebraska 21.65

Nevada 24.73

New Hampshire 24.81

New Jersey 26.79

New Mexico 23.49

New York 26.04

North Carolina 25.17

North Dakota 21.55

Ohio 21.65

Oklahoma 21.44

Oregon 23.15

Pennsylvania 26.54

Rhode Island 26.54

South Carolina 25.35

South Dakota 21.34

Tennessee 21.96

Texas 23.74

Utah 22.06

Vermont 26.29

Virginia 25.11

Washington 24.65

West Virginia 25.35

Wisconsin 21.55

Wyoming 21.65

All prices in 2011$ were converted to 2012$ using Consumer Price Indexd to be 

consistent with the rest of the prices used in the analysis. Table 8-C.3.11 shows the average 

residential LPG prices for each geographic area. Table 8-C.3.12 shows the average commercial 

LPG prices for each geographic area.

 

d ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt
8-C-13

Table 8-C.3.11 Average Residential LPG Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2012$/MMBtu

1 Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont $34.99

2 Massachusetts $38.93

3 New York $35.43

4 New Jersey $37.19

5 Pennsylvania $32.38

6 Illinois $24.71

7 Indiana, Ohio $26.88

8 Michigan $24.66

9 Wisconsin $23.46

10 Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota $24.75

11 Kansas, Nebraska $24.61

12 Missouri $24.24

13 Virginia $28.19

14 Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland $37.89

15 Georgia $29.16

16 North Carolina, South Carolina $30.36

17 Florida $42.20

18 Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi $29.65

19 Tennessee $30.61

20 Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma $29.69

21 Texas $31.59

22 Colorado $27.40

23 Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming $27.43

24 Arizona $36.48

25 Nevada, New Mexico $31.36

26 California $35.21

27 Oregon, Washington $30.23

28 Alaska $39.83

29 Hawaii $66.29

30 West Virginia $29.93

31 U.S. Average $29.32

Table 8-C.3.12 Average Commercial LPG Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2012$/MMBtu

1 New England $26.82

2 Middle Atlantic $27.26

3 East North Central $22.49

4 West North Central $22.57

5 South Atlantic $27.05

6 East South Central $22.82

7 West South Central $24.17

8 Mountain $22.60

9 Pacific $25.29

10 U.S. Average $25.00
8-C-14

8-C.3.1.4 Annual Fuel Oil Prices

DOE collected 2011 average fuel oil prices from EIA’s SEDS.4 SEDS includes annual 

fuel oil prices for residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation consumers by state. For 

areas with more than one State, DOE weighted each State’s average price by its number of 

households and number of commercial buildings. Table 8-C.3.13 shows the annual residential 

fuel oil prices for each state. Table 8-C.3.14 shows the annual commercial fuel oil prices for each 

state.

Table 8-C.3.13 2011 Residential Average Fuel Oil Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Avg. 2011

United States 25.69

Alabama 24.64

Alaska 26.33

Arizona 28.06

Arkansas 25.11

California 28.37

Colorado 24.88

Connecticut 25.47

Delaware 24.45

District of Columbia 25.92

Florida 27.1

Georgia 26.59

Hawaii 27.38

Idaho 25.63

Illinois 27.16

Indiana 27.36

Iowa 27.1

Kansas 27.18

Kentucky 27.1

Louisiana 24.64

Maine 25.19

Maryland 25.92

Massachusetts 25.19

Michigan 27.1

Minnesota 27.32

Mississippi 25.35

Missouri 26.65

Montana 24.18

Nebraska 26.97

Nevada 28.13

New Hampshire 23.43
8-C-15

New Jersey 26.17

New Mexico 24.91

New York 25.59

North Carolina 26.91

North Dakota 26.85

Ohio 26.97

Oklahoma 26.72

Oregon 26.33

Pennsylvania 25.89

Rhode Island 25.67

South Carolina 27.1

South Dakota 26.59

Tennessee 27.36

Texas 25.17

Utah 25.61

Vermont 25.86

Virginia 26.85

Washington 28.04

West Virginia 27.1

Wisconsin 26.85

Wyoming 25.14

Table 8-C.3.14 2011 Commercial Average Fuel Oil Prices by State (2011$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Avg. 2011

United States 24.50

Alabama 23.42

Alaska 26.53

Arizona 24.91

Arkansas 23.87

California 25.18

Colorado 23.44

Connecticut 26.27

Delaware 22.31

District of Columbia 24.2

Florida 23.96

Georgia 23.51

Hawaii 24.3

Idaho 25.94

Illinois 24

Indiana 24.25

Iowa 24.11

Kansas 24.17

Kentucky 24.11

Louisiana 23.42

Maine 25.3

Maryland 23.67

Massachusetts 25.07
8-C-16

Michigan 24.42

Minnesota 24.69

Mississippi 24.1

Missouri 23.7

Montana 22.78

Nebraska 23.99

Nevada 24.97

New Hampshire 24.4

New Jersey 24.45

New Mexico 23.67

New York 24.51

North Carolina 23.79

North Dakota 23.88

Ohio 23.99

Oklahoma 23.76

Oregon 23.55

Pennsylvania 24.3

Rhode Island 25.78

South Carolina 23.96

South Dakota 23.65

Tennessee 24.33

Texas 23.93

Utah 24.14

Vermont 26.12

Virginia 23.72

Washington 24.77

West Virginia 24.3

Wisconsin 24.01

Wyoming 23.69

All prices in 2011$ were converted to 2012$ to be consistent with the rest of the prices 

used in the analysis. This conversion was performed using Consumer Price Index.e

 Table 8-

C.3.15 shows the average residential fuel oil prices for each geographic area. Table 8-C.3.16 

shows the average commercial fuel oil prices for each geographic area.

 

e ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt
8-C-17

Table 8-C.3.15 Average Residential Fuel Oil Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2012$/MMBtu

1 Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont $25.34

2 Massachusetts $26.09

3 New York $26.50

4 New Jersey $27.10

5 Pennsylvania $26.81

6 Illinois $28.13

7 Indiana, Ohio $28.04

8 Michigan $28.07

9 Wisconsin $27.81

10 Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota $28.17

11 Kansas, Nebraska $28.02

12 Missouri $27.60

13 Virginia $27.81

14 Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland $26.79

15 Georgia $27.54

16 North Carolina, South Carolina $27.89

17 Florida $28.07

18 Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi $27.64

19 Tennessee $28.34

20 Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma $25.82

21 Texas $26.07

22 Colorado $25.77

23 Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming $25.78

24 Arizona $29.06

25 Nevada, New Mexico $26.57

26 California $29.38

27 Oregon, Washington $28.82

28 Alaska $27.27

29 Hawaii $28.36

30 West Virginia $28.07

31 U.S. Average $26.61

Table 8-C.3.16 Average Commercial Fuel Oil Prices by Region in 2011

Geographic Area 2012$/MMBtu

1 New England $26.06

2 Middle Atlantic $25.32

3 East North Central $24.95

4 West North Central $25.23

5 South Atlantic $24.50

6 East South Central $25.06

7 West South Central $24.52

8 Mountain $24.42

9 Pacific $25.79

10 U.S. Average $25.37
8-C-18

8-C.3.2 Monthly Energy Price Factors Determination

For residential boilers, the Department of Energy (DOE) developed monthly energy price 

factors and used monthly energy consumption data for the life-cycle cost and payback period 

calculation. DOE developed monthly energy price factors to capture robust seasonal trends in 

monthly energy prices. To convert annual energy prices into monthly energy prices, DOE 

determined monthly energy price factors. 

8-C.3.2.1 Monthly Residential Electricity Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical electricity prices from 1990 to 2011 from EIA’s Form 826.2

These data are published annually and include annual electricity sales, revenues from electricity 

sales, and average price for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors by 

State. DOE aggregated the data into 30 geographical areas described in Chapter 8 (section 

8.2.2.2 Energy Prices).

For each geographic region, DOE determined average electricity prices from 1990 to 

2011 by weighting the average residential electricity prices for each State by the number 

households projected in 2019 in each state. 

As an example, to illustrate the methodology for producing monthly price factors, the 

following tables and charts show the calculation of monthly average electricity price factors, 

based on New York historic electricity price data. Table 8-C.3.17 shows the average residential 

electricity prices for New York. 
8-C-19

Table 8-C.3.17 1990-2011 Average Residential Electricity Prices for New York (nominal 

cents/kWh)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1990 10.71 11.12 11.19 11.02 11.31 11.64 11.80 11.89 11.98 11.71 11.62 11.48 11.46

1991 11.48 11.44 11.63 11.58 11.82 12.41 12.38 12.63 12.57 12.02 11.84 11.77 11.96

1992 11.43 11.42 11.49 11.60 12.21 13.09 13.31 13.46 13.46 12.95 12.71 12.55 12.47

1993 12.17 12.14 12.35 12.71 13.35 13.93 13.94 13.92 13.90 13.28 13.35 13.10 13.18

1994 12.92 12.74 13.01 13.19 13.61 14.11 14.19 14.30 14.37 13.43 13.50 13.15 13.54

1995 13.16 13.11 13.34 13.54 14.06 14.63 14.69 14.58 14.51 13.76 13.81 13.50 13.89

1996 13.39 13.46 13.71 13.80 14.00 14.54 14.67 14.78 14.59 13.97 13.83 13.75 14.04

1997 13.75 13.67 13.83 13.69 13.84 14.70 14.80 14.68 14.56 14.01 13.93 13.84 14.11

1998 13.87 13.73 13.77 13.84 14.05 13.78 13.78 13.65 13.66 13.29 13.04 12.92 13.62

1999 12.85 12.75 12.95 13.34 12.85 13.44 13.44 13.54 13.74 13.64 13.44 13.24 13.27

2000 12.90 13.18 13.33 13.52 13.54 14.22 15.40 14.77 14.52 14.12 13.94 13.98 13.95

2001 13.89 13.93 13.58 13.44 14.01 14.41 14.99 14.61 14.23 14.22 13.53 13.25 14.01

2002 12.95 13.00 12.81 12.69 13.30 14.01 14.19 14.16 14.42 13.87 13.37 13.19 13.50

2003 12.77 13.30 13.91 14.55 14.77 14.98 15.14 14.94 14.92 14.75 14.23 13.63 14.32

2004 13.32 14.02 13.98 14.03 14.20 14.99 15.36 15.32 15.10 14.93 14.88 14.29 14.53

2005 14.05 14.53 14.40 14.64 15.36 15.58 15.63 16.16 16.69 17.36 17.57 16.53 15.71

2006 16.61 16.66 15.89 16.36 16.56 17.33 17.56 17.74 17.92 17.22 16.33 15.88 16.84

2007 16.09 15.89 16.83 17.14 17.50 18.17 17.27 17.96 17.15 17.48 16.94 16.66 17.09

2008 16.86 17.31 16.92 18.08 18.79 19.42 19.66 20.93 19.49 17.57 16.95 16.61 18.22

2009 16.83 16.72 16.40 16.57 16.86 18.22 18.79 18.21 18.75 18.12 16.72 17.47 17.47

2010 17.29 18.04 17.55 18.92 19.21 19.41 20.11 19.35 20.09 18.36 18.25 17.72 18.69

2011 17.25 17.45 17.58 17.63 18.30 19.07 19.22 19.25 18.84 18.78 17.93 17.26 18.21

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors by dividing the monthly prices by the 

annual average for each year. Table 8-C.3.18 and Figure 8-C.3.1 show the calculated results for 

California. 
8-C-20

Table 8-C.3.18 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2011 for New York

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1990 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.00

1991 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.04 1.03 1.06 1.05 1.00 0.99 0.98

1992 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.98 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.04 1.02 1.01

1993 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.96 1.01 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.01 1.01 0.99

1994 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.06 0.99 1.00 0.97

1995 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.97 1.01 1.05 1.06 1.05 1.04 0.99 0.99 0.97

1996 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.04 0.99 0.98 0.98

1997 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 1.04 1.05 1.04 1.03 0.99 0.99 0.98

1998 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.95

1999 0.97 0.96 0.98 1.01 0.97 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00

2000 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.97 1.02 1.10 1.06 1.04 1.01 1.00 1.00

2001 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.02 0.97 0.95

2002 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.99 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.03 0.99 0.98

2003 0.89 0.93 0.97 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.03 0.99 0.95

2004 0.92 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.98 1.03 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 0.98

2005 0.89 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.03 1.06 1.11 1.12 1.05

2006 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.97 0.98 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.02 0.97 0.94

2007 0.94 0.93 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.01 1.05 1.00 1.02 0.99 0.97

2008 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.99 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.15 1.07 0.96 0.93 0.91

2009 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.08 1.04 1.07 1.04 0.96 1.00

2010 0.93 0.97 0.94 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.04 1.07 0.98 0.98 0.95

2011 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.03 1.03 0.98 0.95

Figure 8-C.3.1 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2011 for New York

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.20

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Electricity Price Factors

1990 1991 1992

1993 1994 1995

1996 1997 1998

1999 2000 2001

2002 2003 2004

2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010

2011
8-C-21

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1990 to 2011 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

geographic region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-C.3.19, 

which include the results for New York.

Table 8-C.3.19 Monthly Residential Electricity Price Factors

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont

0.97 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.00

Massachusetts 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 0.99 1.01

New York 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.01 0.99 0.98

New Jersey 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.06 1.09 1.09 1.07 0.97 0.97 0.97

Pennsylvania 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.02 1.06 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.96

Illinois 0.88 0.91 0.95 1.00 1.04 1.07 1.08 1.06 1.07 1.07 0.97 0.90

Indiana, Ohio 0.89 0.92 0.95 1.01 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.04 1.00 0.93

Michigan 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.98 0.99

Wisconsin 0.96 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.00 0.98

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, 

South Dakota

0.91 0.93 0.95 0.98 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.94

Kansas, Nebraska 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.97 1.01 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.11 0.99 0.96 0.91

Missouri 0.84 0.86 0.91 0.96 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.16 1.05 0.98 0.94 0.88

Virginia 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.93

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland

0.89 0.90 0.91 0.94 1.03 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.09 1.00 0.95 0.92

Georgia 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.97 1.02 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.96 0.91

North Carolina, South Carolina 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.01 0.97

Florida 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.00

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.01 0.96

Tennessee 0.96 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.04 1.03 1.00

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 0.93 0.95 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.05 0.99 0.96

Texas 0.91 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04 0.98 0.95

Colorado 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.98

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.03 0.99 0.99

Arizona 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.98 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.06 0.94 0.95

Nevada, New Mexico 0.96 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.03 0.99 0.98

California 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.01

Oregon, Washington 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.03

Alaska 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.01 0.98

Hawaii 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.03

West Virginia 0.94 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.04 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.02 0.97

United States 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.97

8-C.3.2.2 Monthly Commercial Electricity Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical electricity prices from 1990 to 2011 from EIA’s Form 826.2

These data are published annually and include annual electricity sales, revenues from electricity 
8-C-22

sales, and average price for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors by 

State. DOE aggregated the data into the nine census divisions as described in Chapter 8 (section 

8.2.2.2 Energy Prices).

Table 8-C.3.20 Monthly Commercial Electricity Price Factors

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.04 1.01 0.98 1.00

Middle Atlantic 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.98 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.02 0.96 0.96

East North Central 0.95 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.03 0.99 0.96

West North Central 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.09 1.10 1.10 1.04 0.97 0.96 0.94

South Atlantic 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 1.00 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.00 0.95 0.94

East South Central 0.97 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.01 0.99 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.00

West South Central 0.98 1.00 1.01 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.99

Mountain 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.01 0.99

Pacific 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.01

United States 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.98

8-C.3.2.3 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical natural gas prices from 1989 to 2011 from the Energy 

Information Administration’s (EIA’s) Natural Gas Navigator.3 The Natural Gas Navigator 

includes annual and monthly natural gas prices for residential, commercial, and industrial 

consumers by State. DOE aggregated the data into 29 geographical areas described in Chapter 8 

(section 8.2.2.2 Energy Prices). 

For each geographic area, DOE determined average natural gas prices from 1989 to 2011 

by weighting the average residential natural gas prices for each State by the number households 

projected in 2019 in each state. 

Again, as an example for how DOE determined monthly natural gas price factors, the 

methodology used to determine monthly average price factors can be seen below. Table 8-C.3.21 

shows the historic average residential gas prices for New York. 
8-C-23

Table 8-C.3.21 1989-2010 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices for New York ($/tcf)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1990 6.60 6.66 7.46 6.87 7.11 8.31 9.01 9.36 9.18 7.98 7.58 6.77 7.74

1991 6.77 7.18 6.91 7.08 7.64 8.13 9.02 9.61 9.01 8.38 7.41 7.35 7.87

1992 6.96 6.97 6.82 6.91 7.53 8.91 9.53 9.79 8.90 8.03 7.44 7.14 7.91

1993 7.10 6.83 6.89 6.79 7.40 8.70 9.70 10.28 9.92 8.62 8.68 7.74 8.22

1994 7.57 7.20 7.14 7.71 9.17 9.83 10.95 11.43 10.88 9.33 8.38 8.43 9.00

1995 7.69 7.99 8.33 8.87 9.20 10.64 11.64 12.00 11.42 9.70 9.36 8.64 9.62

1996 8.10 7.66 7.66 7.88 8.70 10.20 11.64 12.00 11.81 11.09 8.70 7.77 9.43

1997 8.01 8.22 8.12 8.39 8.80 10.03 11.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.22

1998 9.88 9.55 8.86 8.51 9.01 10.83 12.70 11.62 12.59 11.38 9.93 9.34 10.35

1999 9.17 9.09 8.90 9.56 10.73 11.99 7.08 13.24 12.66 11.62 9.50 9.30 10.24

2000 8.21 8.49 8.05 8.74 10.10 11.79 12.65 12.01 11.93 10.29 9.66 9.01 10.08

2001 7.97 8.49 9.55 9.82 11.66 13.30 14.81 14.68 15.05 12.15 10.16 9.02 11.39

2002 12.47 11.24 10.53 11.43 13.50 13.84 14.25 14.41 13.14 11.57 11.16 10.89 12.37

2003 9.35 8.65 9.17 9.34 9.96 11.66 13.04 13.18 13.21 11.84 10.08 9.48 10.75

2004 9.63 9.88 11.69 12.22 12.93 14.71 16.01 16.17 15.58 13.01 12.02 11.36 12.93

2005 11.41 11.33 11.48 11.51 13.07 15.34 16.29 16.89 16.22 14.41 13.44 13.19 13.72

2006 12.80 12.65 12.42 13.45 14.49 16.16 17.62 18.48 20.78 22.24 20.21 17.44 16.56

2007 16.61 15.11 13.99 14.58 16.09 16.69 18.04 18.91 18.43 13.37 14.75 14.97 15.96

2008 15.24 14.43 15.08 15.47 17.33 19.59 19.95 18.94 18.53 18.64 16.04 14.83 17.01

2009 14.99 14.91 15.21 16.76 19.95 22.88 24.96 24.20 21.66 18.42 16.48 16.26 18.89

2010 15.46 14.84 14.63 14.19 15.13 16.82 18.24 17.81 17.74 14.71 14.97 14.02 15.71

2011 12.97 13.01 13.60 15.08 15.82 18.42 20.00 20.17 18.54 16.47 13.88 12.09 15.84

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors for each year by dividing the 

residential natural gas prices for each month by the natural gas annual average price for each 

year. Table 8-C.3.22 and Figure 8-C.3.2 show the calculated results for New York.
8-C-24

Table 8-C.3.22 1989-2011 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for New York

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1990 0.85 0.86 0.96 0.89 0.92 1.07 1.16 1.21 1.19 1.03 0.98 0.87

1991 0.86 0.91 0.88 0.90 0.97 1.03 1.15 1.22 1.14 1.06 0.94 0.93

1992 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.87 0.95 1.13 1.20 1.24 1.13 1.02 0.94 0.90

1993 0.86 0.83 0.84 0.83 0.90 1.06 1.18 1.25 1.21 1.05 1.06 0.94

1994 0.84 0.80 0.79 0.86 1.02 1.09 1.22 1.27 1.21 1.04 0.93 0.94

1995 0.80 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.96 1.11 1.21 1.25 1.19 1.01 0.97 0.90

1996 0.86 0.81 0.81 0.84 0.92 1.08 1.23 1.27 1.25 1.18 0.92 0.82

1997 0.95 0.92 0.86 0.82 0.87 1.05 1.23 1.12 1.22 1.10 0.96 0.90

1998 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.93 1.05 1.17 0.69 1.29 1.24 1.14 0.93 0.91

1999 0.81 0.84 0.80 0.87 1.00 1.17 1.26 1.19 1.18 1.02 0.96 0.89

2000 0.70 0.75 0.84 0.86 1.02 1.17 1.30 1.29 1.32 1.07 0.89 0.79

2001 1.01 0.91 0.85 0.92 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.06 0.94 0.90 0.88

2002 0.87 0.80 0.85 0.87 0.93 1.08 1.21 1.23 1.23 1.10 0.94 0.88

2003 0.74 0.76 0.90 0.94 1.00 1.14 1.24 1.25 1.20 1.01 0.93 0.88

2004 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.95 1.12 1.19 1.23 1.18 1.05 0.98 0.96

2005 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.98 1.06 1.12 1.25 1.34 1.22 1.05

2006 1.04 0.95 0.88 0.91 1.01 1.05 1.13 1.18 1.15 0.84 0.92 0.94

2007 0.90 0.85 0.89 0.91 1.02 1.15 1.17 1.11 1.09 1.10 0.94 0.87

2008 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.89 1.06 1.21 1.32 1.28 1.15 0.98 0.87 0.86

2009 0.98 0.94 0.93 0.90 0.96 1.07 1.16 1.13 1.13 0.94 0.95 0.89

2010 0.82 0.82 0.86 0.95 1.00 1.16 1.26 1.27 1.17 1.04 0.88 0.76

2011 0.77 0.78 0.81 0.86 1.01 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.05 0.89 0.80

Figure 8-C.3.2 1989-2011 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for New York

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Natural Gas Price Factors

1989 1990 1991

1992 1993 1994

1995 1997 1998

1999 2000 2001

2002 2003 2004

2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010

2011
8-C-25

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1989 to 2011 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

geographic area to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-C.3.23, 

which also includes the monthly energy price factor results calculated for New York.

Table 8-C.3.23 Monthly Residential Natural Gas Energy Price Factors

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.95 1.03 1.14 1.16 1.12 1.00 0.98 0.95

Massachusetts 0.98 0.99 0.98 1.01 0.92 0.96 1.05 1.10 1.07 0.92 1.02 1.01

New York 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.98 1.11 1.18 1.17 1.14 1.00 0.91 0.85

New Jersey 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.93 0.99 1.09 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.02 0.95 0.93

Pennsylvania 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.89 0.99 1.12 1.25 1.28 1.21 1.00 0.90 0.85

Illinois 0.83 0.84 0.83 0.88 1.04 1.19 1.27 1.29 1.19 0.96 0.87 0.82

Indiana, Ohio 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.92 1.00 1.15 1.23 1.25 1.18 0.97 0.88 0.86

Michigan 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.89 0.98 1.12 1.24 1.28 1.19 1.00 0.90 0.87

Wisconsin 0.96 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.96 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.06 0.90 0.98 0.96

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, 

South Dakota 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.87 0.98 1.14 1.22 1.26 1.19 0.97 0.91 0.88

Kansas, Nebraska 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.87 0.97 1.14 1.22 1.27 1.23 1.08 0.90 0.85

Missouri 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.82 0.95 1.15 1.31 1.38 1.30 1.11 0.89 0.80

Virginia 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.86 1.01 1.17 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.04 0.87 0.84

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.90 1.03 1.17 1.24 1.25 1.21 1.00 0.89 0.84

Georgia 0.75 0.79 0.82 0.90 1.09 1.22 1.28 1.27 1.20 1.07 0.84 0.79

North Carolina, South Carolina 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.86 0.99 1.18 1.26 1.31 1.25 1.04 0.87 0.85

Florida 0.81 0.83 0.88 0.94 1.02 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.02 0.90

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.90 1.05 1.17 1.22 1.26 1.20 1.03 0.88 0.85

Tennessee 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.90 0.98 1.12 1.19 1.23 1.18 1.08 0.93 0.88

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 0.80 0.79 0.81 0.88 1.04 1.12 1.17 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.00 0.88

Texas 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.92 1.06 1.16 1.20 1.23 1.22 1.10 0.91 0.81

Colorado 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.96 1.19 1.22 1.30 1.21 0.99 0.89 0.84

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.96 1.04 1.14 1.19 1.11 0.98 0.95 0.93

Arizona 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.90 1.01 1.11 1.20 1.25 1.21 1.14 0.96 0.82

Nevada, New Mexico 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.89 1.07 1.31 1.21 1.25 1.21 1.03 0.85 0.78

California 1.00 0.99 0.95 0.94 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.02 0.97 0.98

Oregon, Washington 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.14 1.19 1.14 1.03 0.95 0.92

Alaska 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.04 1.12 1.11 1.03 0.98 0.94 0.96

Hawaii 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.01

West Virginia 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.88 0.96 1.15 1.28 1.27 1.18 0.97 0.90 0.89

United States 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.92 1.00 1.12 1.18 1.21 1.16 1.01 0.92 0.88
8-C-26

8-C.3.2.4 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical natural gas prices from 1989 to 2011 from the Energy 

Information Administration’s (EIA’s) Natural Gas Navigator.3 The Natural Gas Navigator 

includes annual and monthly natural gas prices for residential, commercial, and industrial 

consumers by State. DOE aggregated the nine census divisions as described in Chapter 8 (section 

8.2.2.2 Energy Prices). 

For each geographic area, DOE determined average natural gas prices from 1989 to 2011 

by weighting the average commercial natural gas prices for each State by the number of 

commercial buildings projected in 2020 in each state. 

Table 8-C.3.24 Monthly Commercial Natural Gas Energy Price Factors

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.04 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.92 1.04 1.09

Middle Atlantic 1.07 1.06 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.94 0.96 1.01 1.06

East North Central 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 1.00 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.04 0.96 0.97 0.96

West North Central 1.01 0.97 0.97 0.95 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.02 0.95 0.99 1.00

South Atlantic 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00

East South Central 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.00

West South Central 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.99 1.03 1.06 1.04

Mountain 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.03 1.06 1.07 1.05 0.99 0.98 0.97

Pacific 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.02 1.01 0.99 1.01 1.00

United States 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.01

8-C.3.2.5 Monthly Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical liquid petroleum gas (LPG) prices from 1995 to 2009 from 

EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook.5 The Short-Term Energy Outlook includes monthly LPG 

prices by Census Region (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West).f

The same process as used for electricity and natural gas price factors was used for 

calculating the monthly LPG price factors. These monthly price factors were calculated below, 

using data from the Northeast region. Table 8-C.3.25 shows the Northeast residential LPG prices 

from 1995 to 2009. 

 

f Refer to https://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.
8-C-27

Table 8-C.3.25 Average LPG Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents/gallon)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 119 118 120 121 124 126 126 125 122 121 118 117

1996 123 125 128 125 130 131 129 127 127 133 135 145

1997 143 137 131 131 130 130 130 127 126 127 123 122

1998 121 120 120 123 124 124 122 121 119 118 115 114

1999 112 113 114 118 122 124 126 129 127 129 128 128

2000 132 148 148 145 148 151 155 154 157 159 156 160

2001 176 170 162 160 162 160 156 152 150 150 144 139

2002 139 138 139 143 142 144 143 141 141 142 142 142

2003 150 166 182 164 161 161 159 156 155 155 155 158

2004 169 173 171 168 170 173 173 176 181 187 193 187

2005 186 186 190 197 199 200 202 205 217 224 220 217

2006 221 220 220 225 231 237 242 244 240 232 229 228

2007 227 229 235 239 247 252 253 252 254 260 274 275

2008 282 280 284 292 306 320 333 329 324 305 280 267

2009 268 267 267 263 258 255 255 251 249 250 252 255

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors for each year by dividing the prices for 

each month by the average price for each year. Table 8-C.3.26 and Figure 8-C.3.3 show the 

calculated results for the Northeast.

Table 8-C.3.26 Monthly LPG Price Factors for 1995-2009 for the Northeast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 0.98 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.96

1996 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.96 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.98 1.02 1.04 1.12

1997 1.10 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.95 0.94

1998 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.95

1999 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.04

2000 0.87 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.06

2001 1.12 1.08 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.92 0.89

2002 0.98 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.00

2003 0.94 1.04 1.13 1.03 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.99

2004 0.95 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.09 1.06

2005 0.91 0.91 0.93 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.07 1.10 1.08 1.07

2006 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.99

2007 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.10 1.10

2008 0.94 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.02 0.93 0.89

2009 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.99

Avg 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00
8-C-28

Figure 8-C.3.3 Monthly LPG Factors for 1995-2009 for the Northeast

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1995 to 2009 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

Census Region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-C.3.27, 

which includes the calculated Northeast region monthly LPG energy price factors from 1995 to 

2009.

Table 8-C.3.27 Monthly Residential LPG Energy Price Factors

Census Regions Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Northeast 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00

South 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.03 1.07

Midwest 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.06

West 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.95 1.01 1.04 1.08

United States 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.95 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.05

8-C.3.2.1 Monthly Commercial Liquid Petroleum Gas Price Factor Calculations

The commercial LPG price factors were calculated using the same historical liquid 

petroleum gas (LPG) prices from 1995 to 2009 from EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook5 as the 

residential LPG price factors.

8-C.3.3 Monthly Residential Oil Price Factor Calculations

DOE collected historical oil prices from 1995 to 2009 from EIA’s Short-Term Energy 

Outlook.5 The Short-Term Energy Outlook includes monthly oil prices by Census Region 

(Northeast, South, Midwest, and West). 

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Avg
8-C-29

The same methodology for calculating monthly energy price factors for residential fuel 

oil. These monthly price factors were calculated below, using data from the Northeast region. 

Table 8-C.3.29 shows the Northeast residential oil prices from 1995 to 2009. 

Table 8-C.3.29 Average Residential Oil Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents/gallon)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 91.9 92.6 91.7 90.2 91.7 90.2 87.2 86 87.2 88.9 91.2 96.8

1996 101.1 102.6 106.1 108.3 103.8 96.6 92.5 92.4 99.4 109 111.6 114.1

1997 114.4 111.6 107.5 105.4 102.6 98.4 93.6 91.2 93.3 97.8 99.5 99.6

1998 98.3 97.6 95.3 93.2 90.7 86.5 82.3 79.6 81.1 83.2 84.6 83.6

1999 85.4 84.7 85.4 87.2 86.4 85.1 85 86 93.6 99.5 105 109.8

2000 135 154 130.5 123.7 124 124 122.2 125.6 139.3 144.2 147.8 149.3

2001 146 141.4 136.9 134.7 131.9 127 121 121.2 123.7 121.4 118.4 115.9

2002 117.7 116.2 118.2 119.9 118.4 116 112.5 111.9 117.1 121.2 124.8 130.9

2003 140.9 159.8 163.4 143.6 137.3 132 125.5 125.9 128.4 132 136.7 142.4

2004 150.8 153 150.1 149.2 151 151 152.1 159.1 168.7 189.6 192.3 189.5

2005 191 194.4 203.8 206.4 202 211 216.8 229.6 252.3 251.8 242.9 243.7

2006 246.2 243.5 247.3 255 259.7 260 259.2 262.7 252.2 244.6 247.4 251.3

2007 245 254.2 258.2 261 261.6 263 269.6 263.4 273.7 288 318 325.3

2008 330.2 333.7 363.6 378.9 409.7 442 454.5 407.7 384.9 334.2 296.3 262.6

2009 259.4 246.9 237 236.6 231.8 246 240.7 253 248 259.7 272.1 276.4

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors by dividing the monthly prices by the 

average price for each year. Table 8-C.3.30 and Figure 8-C.3.4 show the calculated results for 

the Northeast.

Table 8-C.3.30 Monthly Oil Price Factors for 1995-2009 for Census Division 1

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.07

1996 0.98 0.99 1.03 1.05 1.01 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.96 1.06 1.08 1.11

1997 1.13 1.10 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.97 0.98 0.98

1998 1.12 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.92 0.95 0.96 0.95

1999 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.21

2000 1.00 1.14 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.93 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.11

2001 1.14 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 0.99 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.90

2002 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.94 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.10

2003 1.01 1.15 1.18 1.03 0.99 0.95 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.02

2004 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.98 1.04 1.16 1.18 1.16

2005 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.04 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.11

2006 0.98 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.98 1.00

2007 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.99 0.96 1.00 1.05 1.16 1.19

2008 0.90 0.91 0.99 1.03 1.12 1.21 1.24 1.11 1.05 0.91 0.81 0.72

2009 1.04 0.99 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.01 0.99 1.04 1.09 1.10

Avg 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.05
8-C-30

Figure 8-C.3.4 Monthly Oil Price Factors for 1995-2009 for Census Division 1

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1995 to 2009 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

Census Region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-C.3.31 

which includes the calculated Northeast region monthly oil energy price factors.

Table 8-C.3.31 Monthly Residential Oil Energy Price Factors

Census Regions Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Northeast 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.05

South 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.04

Midwest 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.96 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06

West 0.93 0.95 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.02

United States 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05

8-C.3.3.2 Monthly Commercial Oil Price Factor Calculations

The commercial fuel oil price factors were calculated using the same historical fuel oil 

prices from 1995 to 2009 from EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook5 as the residential fuel oil 

price factors.

8-C.3.4 Seasonal Marginal Price Factors Determination

Marginal energy prices are the prices consumers pay for the last unit of energy used. 

DOE used the marginal energy prices for each house for the cost of saved energy associated with 

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Avg
8-C-31

the use of higher-efficiency equipment. Since marginal prices reflect a change in a consumer’s 

bill associated with a change in energy consumed, such prices are appropriate for determining 

energy cost savings associated with possible change to efficiency standards.

EIA provides historical monthly consumption and expenditures by state. This data was 

used to determine 10 year average marginal prices for the RECS 2009 geographical areas, which 

are then used to convert average monthly energy prices into marginal monthly energy prices. 

Since a furnace fan operates during both the heating and the cooling season, DOE determined 

summer and winter marginal price factors. EIA provided RECS 2009 billing data that had been 

gathered from a subset of RECS housing records. For each household with billing data, the 

following are provided for each billing cycle: the start and end date, the electricity consumption 

in kWh, the electricity cost in dollars, the natural gas bill in dollars, and the gas consumption in 

hundreds of cubic feet. This data was used to validate marginal energy price factors by RECS 

2009 geographical area.

For oil-fired boilers, DOE used the average oil prices for each house for both base case 

equipment and higher-efficiency equipment, as the data necessary for estimating marginal prices 

were not available. DOE used the same method for LPG-fired equipment.

8-C.3.4.1 Marginal Price Factor Calculation for Electricity and Natural Gas

EIA provides historical monthly consumption and expenditures by state. This data was 

used to determine 10 year average marginal prices for the RECS 2009 geographical areas DOE 

interpreted the slope of the regression line (consumption vs. expenditures) for each state as the 

marginal energy price for that state. 

Table 8-C.3.32 through Table 8-C.3.35 show the resulting marginal electricity and 

natural gas marginal price factors.
8-C-32

Table 8-C.3.32 Residential Marginal Electricity Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 Data

Geographical Area Summer Winter

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont 0.93 0.86

Massachusetts 0.96 0.98

New York 1.14 0.78

New Jersey 1.22 0.94

Pennsylvania 1.10 0.81

Illinois 1.00 0.70

Indiana, Ohio 1.03 0.74

Michigan 1.14 0.98

Wisconsin 1.01 0.91

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota 1.11 0.84

Kansas, Nebraska 1.21 0.70

Missouri 1.21 0.76

Virginia 1.09 0.84

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland 1.20 0.81

Georgia 1.16 0.82

North Carolina, South Carolina 0.98 0.83

Florida 1.00 0.81

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 0.98 0.81

Tennessee 0.93 0.80

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 1.06 0.71

Texas 1.06 0.84

Colorado 1.05 0.84

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 1.01 0.92

Arizona 1.04 0.84

Nevada, New Mexico 1.09 0.89

California 1.16 1.08

Oregon, Washington 0.88 0.92

Alaska 0.79 0.89

Hawaii 1.51 1.14

West Virginia 0.92 0.84

United States 1.08 0.80

Table 8-C.3.33 Commercial Marginal Electricity Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data

Geographical Area Summer Winter

New England 1.12 0.87

Middle Atlantic 1.49 0.87

East North Central 1.14 0.70

West North Central 1.54 0.66

South Atlantic 1.28 1.18

East South Central 1.00 0.66

West South Central 1.11 0.52

Mountain 1.10 1.13

Pacific 1.08 0.83

United States 1.34 0.80
8-C-33

Table 8-C.3.34 Residential Marginal Natural Gas Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data

Geographical Area Summer Winter

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont 0.84 0.92

Massachusetts 0.89 0.98

New York 0.76 0.85

New Jersey 0.84 0.97

Pennsylvania 0.73 0.90

Illinois 0.69 0.92

Indiana, Ohio 0.75 0.94

Michigan 0.79 0.89

Wisconsin 0.81 0.91

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota 0.72 0.89

Kansas, Nebraska 0.69 0.91

Missouri 0.60 0.83

Virginia 0.69 0.93

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland 0.68 0.90

Georgia 0.51 0.89

North Carolina, South Carolina 0.67 0.89

Florida 0.65 0.79

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 0.70 0.91

Tennessee 0.74 0.91

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 0.63 0.83

Texas 0.56 0.84

Colorado 0.68 0.96

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 0.82 0.94

Arizona 0.64 0.86

Nevada, New Mexico 0.68 0.88

California 0.86 1.03

Oregon, Washington 0.85 0.98

Alaska 0.85 0.95

Hawaii 0.50 0.51

West Virginia 0.80 0.92

United States 0.75 0.92

Table 8-C.3.35 Commercial Marginal Natural Gas Price Factors using EIA 2002-2011 

Data

Geographical Area Summer Winter

New England 1.04 1.01

Middle Atlantic 0.96 1.11

East North Central 0.84 1.01

West North Central 0.89 1.03

South Atlantic 0.97 1.02

East South Central 0.90 0.97

West South Central 0.90 0.96

Mountain 0.88 1.01

Pacific 0.99 1.05

United States 0.97 1.02
8-C-34

8-C.3.5 Results

DOE then applied the marginal price factors to the monthly energy prices in appendix 7-

B to develop marginal residential and commercial monthly energy prices for 2011 for electricity 

and natural gas (Table 8-C.3.36-Table 8-C.3.39).

Table 8-C.3.36 Residential Marginal Monthly Electricity Prices for 2011 Using Marginal 

Price Factors (2012$/kWh)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont

0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17

Massachusetts 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15

New York 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18

New Jersey 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.16

Pennsylvania 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13

Illinois 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11

Indiana, Ohio 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

Michigan 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14

Wisconsin 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, 

South Dakota

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10

Kansas, Nebraska 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09

Missouri 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09

Virginia 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland

0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13

Georgia 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10

North Carolina, South Carolina 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10

Florida 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09

Tennessee 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

Texas 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

Colorado 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Arizona 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

Nevada, New Mexico 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

California 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Oregon, Washington 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Alaska 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18

Hawaii 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37

West Virginia 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

United States 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12
8-C-35

Table 8-C.3.37 Commercial Marginal Monthly Electricity Prices for 2011 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/kWh)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15

Middle Atlantic 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14

East North Central 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

West North Central 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08

South Atlantic 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10

East South Central 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

West South Central 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

Mountain 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09

Pacific 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

United States 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
8-C-36

Table 8-C.3.38 Residential Marginal Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2010 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont 14.6 14.7 14.9 14.7 15.3 16.5 18.2 18.6 18.0 16.0 15.8 15.3

Massachusetts 14.0 14.1 14.0 14.4 13.1 13.6 15.0 15.7 15.2 13.2 14.5 14.4

New York 13.7 13.5 13.6 14.1 15.6 17.7 18.8 18.6 18.1 16.0 14.5 13.6

New Jersey 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.8 12.6 13.9 14.5 14.5 14.2 13.0 12.0 11.8

Pennsylvania 12.2 12.4 12.6 13.1 14.6 16.6 18.5 18.9 18.0 14.8 13.3 12.6

Illinois 9.1 9.2 9.1 9.7 11.4 13.1 14.0 14.2 13.1 10.6 9.5 9.1

Indiana, Ohio 11.4 11.5 11.6 12.3 13.5 15.4 16.6 16.9 15.9 13.1 11.9 11.6

Michigan 9.9 9.9 10.0 10.5 11.5 13.3 14.7 15.2 14.1 11.8 10.7 10.3

Wisconsin 10.5 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.5 11.9 12.3 12.5 11.6 9.8 10.8 10.5

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South 

Dakota 9.1 8.9 8.9 9.1 10.3 11.9 12.8 13.2 12.4 10.2 9.5 9.1

Kansas, Nebraska 9.8 9.8 9.7 10.4 11.5 13.5 14.5 15.1 14.7 12.8 10.7 10.1

Missouri 12.7 12.7 12.8 13.9 16.0 19.4 22.0 23.3 21.8 18.8 15.0 13.5

Virginia 12.8 12.5 12.1 13.3 15.6 18.1 19.6 19.4 19.4 16.0 13.4 12.9

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland 12.3 12.2 12.3 13.4 15.3 17.4 18.5 18.6 18.1 14.9 13.2 12.6

Georgia 14.6 15.5 16.1 17.6 21.4 23.7 24.9 24.7 23.4 20.8 16.4 15.4

North Carolina, South Carolina 13.1 13.0 13.2 14.1 16.3 19.4 20.7 21.6 20.7 17.2 14.4 14.0

Florida 16.3 16.7 17.7 18.7 20.5 21.7 22.4 22.9 22.6 22.3 20.5 18.1

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 11.1 11.1 11.2 12.4 14.4 16.0 16.7 17.2 16.5 14.2 12.1 11.6

Tennessee 10.9 11.1 11.1 11.8 13.0 14.8 15.7 16.2 15.6 14.2 12.2 11.5

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 11.2 11.0 11.3 12.3 14.5 15.7 16.3 16.6 16.4 15.9 13.9 12.3

Texas 10.2 10.4 10.6 12.1 13.8 15.2 15.7 16.0 15.9 14.5 11.9 10.6

Colorado 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.7 9.5 11.7 12.0 12.7 11.9 9.8 8.7 8.3

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.0 9.8 10.7 11.2 10.4 9.2 8.9 8.8

Arizona 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.8 17.7 19.4 21.1 22.0 21.3 20.0 16.8 14.5

Nevada, New Mexico 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.9 11.8 14.4 13.3 13.8 13.3 11.4 9.4 8.6

California 10.3 10.2 9.8 9.7 10.3 10.8 10.8 10.7 10.5 10.5 10.0 10.1

Oregon, Washington 11.8 12.0 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.6 15.1 15.8 15.2 13.7 12.6 12.2

Alaska 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 9.2 9.5 10.2 10.1 9.4 8.9 8.6 8.8

Hawaii 53.5 54.1 54.1 54.3 55.4 55.9 56.9 58.2 58.0 58.1 57.8 56.9

West Virginia 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.4 12.5 14.9 16.7 16.6 15.4 12.6 11.7 11.6

United States 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.9 13.0 14.6 15.4 15.7 15.1 13.1 12.0 11.5
8-C-37

Table 8-C.3.39 Commercial Marginal Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2010 Using 

Marginal Price Factors (2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 11.78 11.91 11.89 11.59 10.55 10.38 10.58 10.48 10.46 10.21 11.59 12.08

Middle Atlantic 10.42 10.32 9.97 9.86 9.78 9.58 9.26 9.07 9.13 9.31 9.86 10.28

East North Central 8.69 8.60 8.57 8.69 9.05 9.74 9.95 9.93 9.42 8.67 8.77 8.71

West North Central 8.07 7.81 7.74 7.63 8.04 8.27 8.39 8.40 8.18 7.64 7.95 8.04

South Atlantic 10.89 10.91 10.62 10.66 10.81 11.06 11.19 10.99 11.05 10.95 10.90 10.93

East South Central 9.36 9.34 9.24 9.38 9.47 9.76 9.98 10.09 9.86 9.77 9.72 9.67

West South Central 8.92 8.67 8.44 8.40 8.74 8.76 8.75 8.68 8.76 9.07 9.37 9.18

Mountain 7.94 7.91 8.01 7.97 8.17 8.47 8.69 8.84 8.62 8.17 8.05 7.98

Pacific 10.15 10.17 10.09 10.00 9.89 10.06 10.16 10.33 10.26 10.06 10.20 10.18

United States 9.29 9.30 9.20 9.19 9.18 9.29 9.22 9.16 9.14 9.04 9.25 9.33

DOE then applied the regional monthly energy price factors to the annual LPG data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop residential and commercial monthly energy prices for 2011 

(Table 8-C.3.40). Each geographical area was matched with the appropriate Census Region. 
8-C-38

Table 8-C.3.40 Residential Monthly LPG Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont 34.0 34.4 34.5 34.6 35.1 35.4 35.6 35.3 35.3 35.5 35.1 35.1

Massachusetts 37.8 38.2 38.4 38.5 39.0 39.4 39.6 39.3 39.3 39.5 39.1 39.0

New York 34.4 34.8 35.0 35.0 35.5 35.9 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.9 35.6 35.5

New Jersey 36.1 36.5 36.7 36.7 37.3 37.7 37.8 37.6 37.5 37.7 37.3 37.3

Pennsylvania 31.5 31.8 32.0 32.0 32.5 32.8 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.5 32.5

Illinois 25.7 25.7 25.4 25.0 24.7 23.8 23.1 23.1 23.6 24.3 25.4 26.5

Indiana, Ohio 28.0 28.0 27.6 27.2 26.9 25.9 25.2 25.1 25.7 26.4 27.6 28.9

Michigan 25.7 25.7 25.4 25.0 24.7 23.8 23.1 23.0 23.6 24.3 25.4 26.5

Wisconsin 24.4 24.4 24.1 23.8 23.5 22.6 22.0 21.9 22.4 23.1 24.1 25.2

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South 

Dakota 25.8 25.8 25.5 25.1 24.8 23.9 23.2 23.1 23.6 24.3 25.4 26.6

Kansas, Nebraska 25.6 25.6 25.3 24.9 24.6 23.8 23.0 23.0 23.5 24.2 25.3 26.4

Missouri 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.6 24.2 23.4 22.7 22.6 23.2 23.8 24.9 26.0

Virginia 29.3 29.4 29.0 28.4 27.9 27.4 26.8 26.3 26.9 28.1 28.9 29.9

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland 39.4 39.5 38.9 38.2 37.6 36.9 36.0 35.3 36.2 37.7 38.9 40.1

Georgia 30.3 30.4 30.0 29.4 28.9 28.4 27.7 27.2 27.9 29.0 29.9 30.9

North Carolina, South Carolina 31.6 31.7 31.2 30.6 30.1 29.5 28.8 28.3 29.0 30.2 31.2 32.2

Florida 43.9 44.0 43.3 42.5 41.8 41.0 40.1 39.4 40.3 42.0 43.3 44.7

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 30.8 30.9 30.5 29.9 29.4 28.8 28.2 27.6 28.3 29.5 30.4 31.4

Tennessee 31.8 31.9 31.4 30.8 30.3 29.8 29.1 28.5 29.3 30.5 31.4 32.4

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 30.9 31.0 30.5 29.9 29.4 28.9 28.2 27.7 28.4 29.5 30.5 31.5

Texas 32.8 32.9 32.4 31.8 31.3 30.7 30.0 29.5 30.2 31.4 32.4 33.5

Colorado 28.8 28.8 28.4 27.7 27.0 26.3 25.3 25.0 26.0 27.5 28.4 29.5

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 28.8 28.9 28.4 27.7 27.1 26.3 25.3 25.0 26.0 27.6 28.5 29.6

Arizona 38.3 38.4 37.7 36.9 36.0 35.0 33.7 33.3 34.6 36.7 37.8 39.3

Nevada, New Mexico 32.9 33.0 32.4 31.7 30.9 30.1 29.0 28.6 29.7 31.5 32.5 33.8

California 37.0 37.1 36.4 35.6 34.7 33.8 32.5 32.1 33.4 35.4 36.5 38.0

Oregon, Washington 31.8 31.8 31.3 30.6 29.8 29.0 27.9 27.6 28.7 30.4 31.4 32.6

Alaska 41.9 41.9 41.2 40.3 39.3 38.2 36.8 36.3 37.8 40.0 41.3 42.9

Hawaii 69.7 69.8 68.6 67.0 65.4 63.5 61.3 60.5 62.9 66.6 68.8 71.5

West Virginia 31.1 31.2 30.7 30.1 29.7 29.1 28.4 27.9 28.6 29.8 30.7 31.7

United States 30.0 30.2 30.0 29.8 29.8 29.2 27.9 27.2 28.1 29.0 29.9 30.8
8-C-39

Table 8-C.3.41 Commercial Monthly LPG Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 26.07 26.34 26.48 26.50 26.90 27.17 27.26 27.09 27.07 27.19 26.92 26.90

Middle Atlantic 26.49 26.76 26.91 26.93 27.34 27.61 27.70 27.53 27.51 27.63 27.35 27.33

East North Central 23.42 23.42 23.13 22.77 22.49 21.70 21.05 20.99 21.48 22.12 23.12 24.15

West North Central 23.51 23.50 23.22 22.86 22.58 21.79 21.13 21.07 21.56 22.20 23.21 24.24

South Atlantic 28.11 28.20 27.78 27.24 26.81 26.31 25.70 25.22 25.85 26.92 27.76 28.66

East South Central 23.73 23.80 23.44 22.99 22.62 22.20 21.69 21.28 21.81 22.72 23.42 24.18

West South Central 25.12 25.20 24.82 24.34 23.96 23.51 22.97 22.53 23.10 24.05 24.80 25.61

Mountain 23.75 23.80 23.39 22.85 22.31 21.67 20.89 20.62 21.44 22.72 23.45 24.36

Pacific 26.57 26.62 26.16 25.57 24.95 24.24 23.37 23.07 23.98 25.42 26.23 27.26

United States 25.57 25.73 25.56 25.39 25.41 24.89 23.78 23.23 23.94 24.71 25.51 26.28

DOE then applied the regional monthly energy price factors to the annual oil data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop residential and commercial monthly energy prices for 2011 

(Table 8-C.3.42). Each Census Division and Large State was matched with the appropriate 

Census Region. 
8-C-40

Table 8-C.3.42 Residential Monthly Oil Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, 

Rhode Island, Vermont 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.5 24.4 25.2 25.8 26.3 26.6

Massachusetts 26.0 26.3 26.2 25.9 25.8 25.6 25.2 25.2 26.0 26.6 27.1 27.3

New York 26.4 26.8 26.6 26.3 26.2 26.0 25.6 25.6 26.4 27.0 27.5 27.8

New Jersey 27.0 27.4 27.2 26.9 26.8 26.6 26.2 26.1 27.0 27.7 28.1 28.4

Pennsylvania 26.7 27.1 26.9 26.6 26.5 26.3 25.9 25.9 26.7 27.4 27.8 28.1

Illinois 26.9 27.2 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.6 27.4 28.0 29.0 29.7 29.6 29.2

Indiana, Ohio 26.8 27.1 27.5 27.6 27.6 27.5 27.3 28.0 28.9 29.6 29.5 29.1

Michigan 26.8 27.1 27.5 27.7 27.6 27.5 27.4 28.0 29.0 29.6 29.6 29.1

Wisconsin 26.6 26.9 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.3 27.1 27.7 28.7 29.3 29.3 28.8

Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South 

Dakota 26.9 27.2 27.6 27.8 27.7 27.6 27.5 28.1 29.1 29.7 29.7 29.2

Kansas, Nebraska 26.8 27.1 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.5 27.3 27.9 28.9 29.5 29.5 29.0

Missouri 26.4 26.7 27.0 27.2 27.2 27.1 26.9 27.5 28.5 29.1 29.1 28.6

Virginia 27.9 28.2 28.1 27.7 26.9 26.5 26.6 26.8 27.8 28.6 29.1 29.4

Delaware, District of Columbia, 

Maryland 26.9 27.2 27.1 26.7 25.9 25.6 25.6 25.8 26.8 27.5 28.0 28.3

Georgia 27.7 28.0 27.8 27.5 26.6 26.3 26.3 26.6 27.5 28.3 28.8 29.1

North Carolina, South Carolina 28.0 28.3 28.2 27.8 27.0 26.6 26.6 26.9 27.9 28.6 29.2 29.5

Florida 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.0 27.1 26.8 26.8 27.1 28.1 28.8 29.4 29.7

Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi 27.8 28.1 27.9 27.6 26.7 26.4 26.4 26.7 27.6 28.4 28.9 29.2

Tennessee 28.5 28.8 28.6 28.3 27.4 27.0 27.1 27.3 28.3 29.1 29.6 29.9

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma 25.9 26.2 26.1 25.8 25.0 24.6 24.7 24.9 25.8 26.5 27.0 27.3

Texas 26.2 26.5 26.4 26.0 25.2 24.9 24.9 25.1 26.1 26.8 27.3 27.5

Colorado 24.1 24.5 25.6 26.0 26.0 25.9 25.5 25.5 26.4 26.8 26.8 26.2

Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming 24.1 24.5 25.6 26.0 26.0 25.9 25.5 25.5 26.4 26.8 26.8 26.2

Arizona 27.1 27.6 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.2 28.7 28.8 29.8 30.2 30.2 29.5

Nevada, New Mexico 24.8 25.2 26.4 26.8 26.8 26.7 26.3 26.3 27.2 27.7 27.6 27.0

California 27.4 27.9 29.2 29.7 29.6 29.5 29.1 29.1 30.1 30.6 30.6 29.9

Oregon, Washington 26.9 27.4 28.6 29.1 29.0 28.9 28.5 28.5 29.5 30.0 30.0 29.3

Alaska 25.5 25.9 27.1 27.5 27.5 27.4 27.0 27.0 27.9 28.4 28.4 27.7

Hawaii 26.5 26.9 28.1 28.6 28.6 28.5 28.0 28.1 29.0 29.5 29.5 28.8

West Virginia 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.0 27.1 26.8 26.8 27.1 28.1 28.8 29.4 29.7

United States 26.4 26.8 26.7 26.5 26.2 26.0 25.7 25.7 26.6 27.2 27.7 27.9
8-C-41

Table 8-C.3.43 Commercial Monthly Oil Prices for 2011 Using Average Price Factors 

(2012$/MMBtu)

Geographical Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New England 25.92 26.30 26.12 25.90 25.74 25.56 25.16 25.13 25.93 26.59 27.03 27.32

Middle Atlantic 25.19 25.56 25.38 25.17 25.01 24.84 24.45 24.42 25.19 25.84 26.27 26.55

East North Central 23.83 24.10 24.44 24.59 24.55 24.49 24.34 24.87 25.76 26.31 26.28 25.86

West North Central 24.10 24.37 24.71 24.86 24.83 24.76 24.61 25.15 26.04 26.60 26.57 26.15

South Atlantic 24.61 24.88 24.77 24.44 23.69 23.39 23.41 23.64 24.51 25.16 25.62 25.89

East South Central 25.17 25.45 25.33 24.99 24.23 23.92 23.94 24.17 25.06 25.73 26.21 26.48

West South Central 24.63 24.91 24.79 24.46 23.71 23.41 23.43 23.66 24.53 25.19 25.65 25.92

Mountain 22.81 23.20 24.23 24.66 24.62 24.53 24.15 24.19 25.01 25.42 25.40 24.82

Pacific 24.09 24.50 25.59 26.04 25.99 25.90 25.50 25.55 26.41 26.84 26.82 26.21

United States 25.17 25.53 25.42 25.24 25.03 24.82 24.47 24.52 25.34 25.98 26.37 26.58

8-C.4 HOUSEHOLD ENERGY PRICE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR

RECS 2009 reports the total annual consumption and expenditure of each energy use 

type. From this data DOE determined average energy prices per geographical area. To take into 

account that household energy prices vary inside a geographical area, DOE developed an 

adjustment factor based on the reported average energy price in RECS 2009 divided by the 

average energy price of the geographical region. This factor was then multiplied times the 

monthly marginal energy prices (for natural gas and electricity) or the monthly price developed 

above to come up with the household energy price.

8-C.5 ENERGY PRICE TRENDS

8-C.5.1 Residential Energy Price Trends

DOE used AEO 2013 Reference Case scenarios for the nine census divisions. DOE 

applied the projected energy price for each of the nine census divisions to each household in the 

sample based on the household’s location.

To arrive at prices in future years, DOE multiplied the prices described in the preceding 

section by the forecast of annual average price changes in EIA’s AEO 2013.6 Figure 8-C.5.1 

shows the national residential electricity price trend. To estimate the trend after 2035, DOE 

followed past guidelines provided to the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) by EIA 

and used the average rate of change during 2020–2035 for electricity, natural gas, and LPG. 
8-C-42

32.00

33.00

34.00

35.00

36.00

37.00

38.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.1 Projected Residential National Electricity Price

Figure 8-C.5.2 shows the residential national electricity price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.2 Projected Residential Division Electricity Prices

Figure 8-C.5.3 shows the residential national natural gas price trends.
8-C-43

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.3 Projected Residential National Natural Gas Price

Figure 8-C.5.4 shows the residential national natural gas price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

7.00

9.00

11.00

13.00

15.00

17.00

19.00

21.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.4 Projected Residential Division Natural Gas Prices

Figure 8-C.5.5 shows the residential national LPG price trends.
8-C-44

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.5 Projected Residential National LPG Prices

Figure 8-C.5.6 shows the residential national LPG price trends, disaggregated by the nine census 

divisions. 

15.00

17.00

19.00

21.00

23.00

25.00

27.00

29.00

31.00

33.00

35.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.6 Projected Residential Division LPG Prices

Figure 8-C.5.7 shows the residential national fuel oil price trends.
8-C-45

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.7 Projected Residential National Fuel Oil Prices

Figure 8-C.5.8 shows the residential national fuel oil price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Figure 8-C.5.8 Projected Residential Division Fuel Oil Prices

8-C.5.2 Commercial Energy Price Trends

DOE applied the same methodology to the projected energy price for each of the nine 

census divisions to each building in the commercial sample, based on the building’s location.

To arrive at prices in future years, DOE multiplied the prices described in the preceding 

section by the forecast of annual average price changes in EIA’s AEO 2013.6 Figure 8-C.5.9 
8-C-46

shows the national commercial electricity price trend. To estimate the trend after 2035, DOE 

followed past guidelines provided to the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) by EIA 

and used the average rate of change during 2020–2035 for electricity, natural gas, and LPG. 

Figure 8-C.5.9 Projected Commercial National Electricity Price

Figure 8-C.5.10 shows the commercial national electricity price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

Figure 8-C.5.10 Projected Commercial Division Electricity Prices

Figure 8-C.5.11 shows the commercial national natural gas price trends.

27.50

28.00

28.50

29.00

29.50

30.00

30.50

31.00

31.50

32.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

18.00

23.00

28.00

33.00

38.00

43.00

48.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
8-C-47

Figure 8-C.5.11 Projected Commercial National Natural Gas Price

Figure 8-C.5.12 shows the commercial national natural gas price trends, disaggregated by the 

nine census divisions. 

Figure 8-C.5.12 Projected Commercial Division Natural Gas Prices

Figure 8-C.5.13 shows the commercial national LPG price trends.

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
8-C-48

Figure 8-C.5.13 Projected Commercial National LPG Prices

Figure 8-C.5.14 shows the commercial national LPG price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

Figure 8-C.5.14 Projected Commercial Division LPG Prices

Figure 8-C.5.15 shows the commercial national fuel oil price trends.

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

28.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24.00

26.00

28.00

30.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
8-C-49

Figure 8-C.5.15 Projected Commercial National Fuel Oil Prices

Figure 8-C.5.16 shows the commercial national fuel oil price trends, disaggregated by the nine 

census divisions. 

Figure 8-C.5.16 Projected Commercial Division Fuel Oil Prices

13.00

18.00

23.00

28.00

33.00

38.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
8-C-50

REFERENCES

1. Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA), Updated Shipment Data for 

Residential Furnaces and Boilers, personal communication. April 25, 2005.

2. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-826 

Database Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Data, 2013.

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/eia826.html>

3. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas 

Navigator. 2013. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm

4. Energy Information Administration, 2011 State Energy Consumption, Price, and 

Expenditure Estimates (SEDS), 2013. Washington, DC. 

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html>

5. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Short-Term Energy 

Outlook. 2009. http://eia.doe.gov/steo

6. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 with Projections to 

2040, 2013. Washington, DC. <http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/pdf/0383(2013).pdf>