GOLD—2001 33.1

GOLD

By Earle B. Amey

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Mahbood Mahdavi, statistical assistant, Shonta E. Osborne, supervisory

statistical assistant, and Imogene P. Bynum, chief, mineral commodities data unit. The world production table was prepared

by Regina R. Coleman, international data coordinator.

Domestic gold mine production in 2001 fell to its lowest level

since 1996. Primarily, the 5% drop from the 2000 level was the

result of weak gold prices, the strengthening of the U.S. dollar

in the global economy, and slowing retail consumption. The

United States has been the second largest gold producer (behind

South Africa) since 1991, when U.S. production surpassed that

of the Soviet Union for the first time in five decades. Nevada

produced more than three-fourths of domestic production; the

remaining output came from 10 other States. Gold was

produced at 53 lode mines; about a dozen large placer mines, all

in Alaska; and numerous small placer mines, mostly in Alaska

and the Western States. In addition, a small amount of domestic

gold was produced as a byproduct of processing base metals,

principally copper. Thirty mines yielded almost 99% of the

gold produced in the United States. The value of U.S. gold

mine production was about $2.9 billion in 2001.

Domestic gold exploration activity dropped on a total dollar

basis for the fourth consecutive year, declining sharply to

$107.2 million in 2001 from $183.4 million in 2000. The

percentage of the total world gold exploration budget going to

the United States decreased by 12.6% in 2001 after increasing

for 3 years, while worldwide gold exploration expenditures

dropped by 22% from 2000, by 7% from 1999, by 24% from

1998, and by 29% from 1997 (diGesu and others, 2001b).

Commercial-grade refined gold came from about two dozen

domestic producers. Of several thousand companies and

artisans, a few dozen companies dominated the fabrication of

gold into commercial products. U.S. jewelry manufacturing

was heavily concentrated in the New York City, NY, and the

Providence, RI, areas, with other concentrations in California,

Florida, and Texas. In 2001, estimated end uses of gold were

jewelry and arts, 85%; dental, 11%; and electrical and

electronics, 4%.

According to the World Gold Council, 2001 was the 11th

consecutive year of unit sales increases for gold jewelry in the

United States. Total U.S. gold jewelry sales exceeded $15.6

billion, up by 2% from sales in 2000, despite a year marked by

economic turmoil (American Metal Market, 2002).

Trade in refined bullion comprised 83% of U.S. gold imports

and 81% of exports; net exports of bullion decreased to 234,000

kilograms (kg), down by about 9% from that of 2000. As

shown in tables 4 and 6, Canada provided more than 70% of the

bullion imported, and Switzerland was the destination for more

than 75% of the bullion exported.

The dollar price for gold was volatile in 2001, with the

average price 3% less than the average gold price in 2000. 

Engelhard Corp.’s daily price of gold ranged from a low of

nearly $257 per troy ounce1

 on April 2 to a high of about $294

per ounce on September 17, soon after the terror attacks of

September 11. The average for the year was, to the nearest

dollar, $272 per ounce. The previous year’s prices ranged from

about $265 per ounce to $314 per ounce and averaged $280 per

ounce.

By May, 12-month London gold lease rates rose from about

1.1% in January to 2.1% before starting a downward trend that

returned to the January level in November and rose slightly to

1.2% in December. Short-term lease rates dropped to new lows

of 0.2% near the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2001 before

rising to 0.6% in December (CRU International Ltd., 2002).

Total world mine production of gold was about the same as

the record level reached in 2000. Despite a seventh successive

decline in annual output, South Africa remained the largest

producer of more than 80 gold-mining nations, followed by the

United States, Australia, China, and Canada. Identified world

gold resources at yearend 2001 were estimated to be 100 million

kilograms (Mkg), of which 15% to 20% were byproduct

resources; the world reserve base was estimated to be 78 Mkg,

and reserves, 50 Mkg (R.P. Ashley, U.S. Geological Survey,

oral commun., 2001). [This report uses the resource and reserve

terminology of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which is

republished annually in USGS Mineral Commodity

Summaries.] South Africa had about 50% of the resources,

46% of the reserve base, and 38% of the reserves. The United

States had about 9% of world resources, 8% of the reserve base,

and 11% of the reserves.

About 15% of all gold mined is estimated to have been used

in dissipative industrial uses or is either unaccounted for or

unrecoverable (Thomas and Boyle, 1986, p. 6). Therefore, of

an estimated 143 Mkg of gold mined in historic times through

2001, 122 Mkg of gold remain, with about 33 Mkg held by

central banks as official stocks and about 89 Mkg held privately

as bullion, coin, and jewelry.

The USGS has issued a report on undiscovered gold, silver,

copper, lead, and zinc deposits in the United States (U.S.

Geological Survey, 2000). In the report, the amount of gold in

undiscovered U.S. mineral deposits is estimated to range

between greater than 13 Mkg (90% probability) and greater than

22 Mkg (10% probability). The mean value of gold in the

undiscovered deposits is 18 Mkg with nearly one-quarter of the

gold estimated to be contained in undiscovered porphyry copper

deposits. Other major gold deposit types considered in the

report were hot spring gold, epithermal vein, plutonic porphyry

gold, sediment-hosted gold, gold-silver-tellurium veins, and

1

Elsewhere in this report, ounce by itself refers to troy ounce; 1 kilogram is

equivalent to 32.1507 troy ounces.
33.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

low-sulfide gold-quartz vein deposits. Total discovered gold

resources in the United States were estimated to be 27 Mkg;

identified U.S. gold resources were estimated to be 15 Mkg, and

all U.S. gold production in 2001 totaled 11 Mkg. 

Production

Domestic mine production data for gold were derived by the

USGS from two separate voluntary surveys of U.S.

operations—one for monthly production of copper, gold, lead,

silver, and zinc from lode mines and the other for the same

types of data surveyed annually. 

A survey was sent to all 64 lode gold producers believed to be

operational in 2001; 63 responded. Eleven of the 63

respondents reported that their mines were closed and another 6

remained on care-and-maintenance status by the end of 2001. 

The individual company production and performance data listed

in table 3 and cited elsewhere in this report were obtained from

published sources, such as company annual reports.

Of the total domestic gold produced during 2001, about 92%

was extracted from gold ore, and the remaining 8% was derived

from other precious-metal ores, base-metal ores, and placer

deposits. By comparison, similar data assembled for 1980

indicated a 63% to 37% ratio. In both years, the contribution

from placer mines amounted to less than 2% of the total gold

produced.

Alaska.—The State’s Division of Geology and Geophysical

Surveys reported that gold output decreased to 16,700 kg

(536,000 ounces) worth $145 million in 2001 from an estimated

17,200 kg (552,000 ounces) worth $154 million in 2000, or an

approximate decrease in production of 3% and a decrease in

associated value of about 6% (Szumigala and Swainbank,

2002a). Placer production dropped to 700 kg (23,000 ounces)

from 1,400 kg (46,000 ounces) of gold.

The underground Fort Knox gold mine operated by Kinross

Gold Corp. near Fairbanks began to produce gold in 1997. 

Kinross reported that the mine produced about 12,800 kg

(411,000 ounces) of gold in 2001, making it the country’s

seventh largest gold producer (Kinross Gold Corp., 2002, p. 2).

The Greens Creek Mine on Admiralty Island, off Juneau,

completed its fifth year at full production levels. Ore from the

underground trackless mine was milled at the mine site. The

mill produced gold and silver doré, lead, zinc, and bulk

concentrates. Swainbank and Szumigala (2002a, p. 14)

reported that the mine produced 2,300 kg (73,200 ounces) of

gold. Greens Creek was a joint venture between Kennecott

Greens Creek Mining Co. (70.3%) and Hecla Mining (29.7%).

USMX Inc.’s Illinois Creek gold mine in west-central Alaska

was placed on care and maintenance. However, the mine

continued to produce gold as the existing heaps were rinsed

(Szumigala and Swainbank, 2002a, p. 12).

Nova Gold Resources Inc. intends to acquire a 70% interest in

the Dolin Creek gold deposit, which is considered to be one of

the largest undeveloped gold deposits in the world. Resources

are estimated to be 215,000 kg (6.9 million ounces), with

another inferred gold resource of 187,000 kg (6 million ounces). 

Under an agreement with Placer Dome Inc. and Alaska’s Calista

Corp., Nova Gold will spend at least $10 million within 10

years toward the exploration and development of the Dolin

Creek project (American Metal Market, 2001b).

Owners continued to develop the Kinross Fort Knox/True

North gold mine, Teck Cominco American Inc.’s Pogo Mine

east of Fairbanks, and Kennecott/Hecla’s Green Creek Mine

near Juneau (Swainbank and Szumigala, 2002b, p. 45).

California.—Gold production in California decreased by

more than 20% in 2001, as shown in table 2. In northern

California, Homestake’s McLaughlin Mine remained the State’s

largest gold producer even though mining ceased in 1996; gold

continues to be processed from low-grade ore that was

stockpiled during the life of the mine. The second largest gold

producer, the Briggs Mine in southern California, is owned by

Canyon Resources Corp. Mining, which continued at the main

pit and began at the North Briggs and Goldtooth deposits,

produced 3,000 kg (96,000 ounces) of gold (Canyon Resources

Corp., 2002).

Gold production at the McLaughlin Mine is expected to

continue through 2002. Newmont Gold Company’s Mesquite

Mine, near Brawley, ceased mining operations in the second

quarter, with the depletion of the main ore body. Production

from residual heap leaching yielded 2,900 kg (92,600 ounces)

of gold. A permitting process for expansion is underway 

(Newmont Gold Company, 2002, p. 16).

Glamis Gold Ltd., through its wholly owned Glamis Rand

Mining Co., produced 1,800 kg (59,000 ounces) of gold at its

Rand Mine near Randsburg. Production was much lower

because stripping was completed at the Yellow Aster Pit

(Glamis Gold Ltd., 2002, p. 2).

Near the Nevada-California State line, in San Bernardino

County, CA, the Castle Mountain Mine produced an estimated

2,400 kg (77,000 ounces) of gold (Viceroy Resource Corp.,

2002, p. 4). Castle Mountain was a joint venture between

Viceroy Resource Corp. (75%) and MK Gold Company (25%).

Colorado.—Gold production in the State was 14% lower with

a significant decrease in production from the Nation’s tenth

largest gold mine, the Cresson Mine, in the Cripple Creek

District of Teller County. AngloGold Ltd. (2002, p. 18)

reported that this open pit mining operation produced 6,700 kg

(214,000 ounces) of gold in 2001.

Settlement was reached concerning the environmental

cleanup of the Summitville gold mine located in Colorado. The

settlement, which remained subject to approval by the Federal

District Court in Denver, would end 41⁄2 years of lawsuits and

counterclaims. Summitville was owned and operated by a

Galactic Resources Ltd. subsidiary that opened the gold mine in

June 1986 and closed it in December 1992. During that time,

more than 9,300 kg (300,000 ounces) of gold was produced. In

the following year, Galactic filed for bankruptcy and abandoned

the Summitville operation. Despite a $150 million remediation

effort the site does not meet the water standards set by the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (Mining Journal, 2001).

Idaho.—Meridian Gold Inc.’s closure of its Beartrack Mine

near Salmon in 2001 left Idaho with no active gold mines. 

Beartrack produced more than 580 kg (19,000 ounces) of gold,

about 74% less than in 2000. Leaching of crushed ore is

expected to continue to produce gold over the next year on a

declining basis (Meridian Gold Inc., 2002, p. 19).

Montana.—Exploration for gold continued to be depressed,

with no major company activity. The few existing exploration
GOLD—2001 33.3

programs are privately funded (McCulloch, 2002, p. 67).

Placer Dome Inc.’s wholly owned Golden Sunlight Mine near

Whitehall was Montana’s largest gold-producing mine with

6,100 kg (195,500 ounces) of gold in 2001, about 8% less than

in 2000. Mining of the open pit was completed in August. 

Future gold production will come from the processing of lowgrade ore stockpiles, which should continue through 2002

(Placer Dome Inc., 2002, p. 7).

Nevada.—Nevada maintained its longstanding position as the

Nation’s dominant gold-producing State. Of the Nation’s top

30 gold-producing mines, 14 were in the Silver State. Primary

gold production decreased to 256,000 kg (8.2 million ounces).

Newmont Gold Company produced 84,000 kg (2.7 million

ounces) of gold from 9 open pit operations, 5 underground

mines, and 17 processing facilities in Elko, Eureka, Humboldt,

and Pershing Counties (Newmont Gold Company, 2002, p. 16). 

Newmont plans to open various new gold mines in Nevada,

including the Leeville underground mine. The Twin Creeks,

Gold Quarry, and Phoenix Mines will be expanded. The latter

mine was acquired when Newmont bought Battle Mountain

Gold Co. Before opening Leeville, a small underground mine

called Chukar will be developed at the Gold Quarry open pit

site (Platts Metals Week, 2001d).

Barrick Gold Corporation was the Nation’s second largest

gold mining company in 2001 and reportedly recovered 48,200

kg (1.5 million ounces) of gold at its Betze-Post

Mine/Goldstrike in Eureka County. In nearby Elko County,

Barrick continued the development of its Meikle

Mine/Goldstrike, an underground operation that produced

22,200 kg (713,000 ounces) of gold; it was the Nation’s largest

underground gold mine (Barrick Gold Corporation, 2002, p. 8). 

The mine had an underground cooling system to keep

temperatures around 80E F even though the temperature of the

surrounding rock can be as much as 140E F (Gold News, 1998). 

Barrick’s Rodeo underground gold mine moved into full

production and produced 2,200 kg (70,000 ounces) of gold in

2001. It was merged into one operation with the Meikle Mine,

integrating services and sharing one maintenance shop. An

underground connection was made between the mines. Ore

mined at Rodeo is hauled underground to Meikle and raised to

the surface (Platts Metals Week, 2001a). These Barrick

operations on the Carlin Trend were developed within a

2,800-hectare landholding known as the Goldstrike property.

Northwest of Elko, AngloGold Ltd. and Meridian Gold Inc.

produced about 11,800 kg (380,000 ounces) of gold at their

Jerritt Canyon Mine, the Nation’s eighth largest gold mine

(AngloGold Ltd., 2002, p. 18; Meridian Gold Inc., 2002, p. 19). 

Other gold mines in Humboldt County included the Hycroft

(formerly the Crowfoot/Lewis) and the Marigold Mines.

South of and parallel to the Carlin Trend, the Battle

Mountain/Eureka Trend runs from southeastern Humboldt

County southeast through Lander and Eureka Counties. Gold

mining operations along this trend in Lander County include the

McCoy/Cove gold and silver mine, which produced 2,900 kg

(94,600 ounces) (Echo Bay Mines Ltd., 2002, p. 11); and the

country’s third largest gold mine, the Cortez Mine, owned by

Placer Dome (60%) and Kennecott Minerals Company (40%),

which produced 37,000 kg (1.2 million ounces) and included

3,400 kg of gold that was sent as an ore for milling and

processing to the Jerritt Canyon Mine (Placer Dome Inc., 2002,

p. 7).

At Round Mountain, about 95 kilometers north of Tonopah,

the Round Mountain Gold Corporation mine of Echo Bay

Mines Ltd. produced about 23,200 kg (747,000 ounces) of gold

during the year (Echo Bay Mines Ltd., 2002, p. 11). The

property is the sixth largest U.S. gold mine.

Battle Mountain Gold Company continued its exploration

project by extending the Phoenix Zone at the Battle Mountain

Complex, thereby adding about 31,000 kg (1 million ounces) of

gold to its reserve base. In addition, Dynatec Corporation

continued to develop the Rossi-Storm Deposit at the Ken

Snyder Mine, which poured its first gold on December 9, 1998.

Ken Snyder’s third full year of commercial production was

about 6,200 kg (199,000 ounces) of gold (Driesner and Coyner,

2002, p. 13).

Exploration continued to decline in the State. Newmont and

Barrick carried out property exploration along the Carlin Trend. 

Newmont’s Leeville project and Barrick’s Rodeo project were

the primary targets. Other exploration properties were Placer

Dome’s Crossroads and Pediment deposits in the Bullion and

Cortez Districs of Lander and Eureka Counties (Tingley and

LaPointe, 2002, p. 69).

South Dakota.—Gold production increased by more than 9%

compared with that of 2000. Homestake Mining Company’s

124-year-old Homestake Mine at Lead was shut down at the end

of 2001. Homestake planned to produce about 7,500 kg

(240,000 ounces) of additional gold before closure and expected

to spend more than $66 million during 8 years on final

reclamation and remediation (American Metal Market, 2000).

Goldcorp Inc. operated an open pit gold mine, the Wharf

Mine, near Lead, which produced about 3,200 kg (104,000

ounces) of gold (Goldcorp Inc., 2002, p. 2).

Utah.—Rio Tinto Ltd.’s Bingham Canyon Mine, which was

operated by Kennecott Utah Copper Corp., produced about

18,400 kg (592,000 ounces) of gold as a byproduct of its copper

mining operations near Salt Lake City. Long ranked as one of

the Nation’s principal gold-producing mines, Bingham Canyon

was the eighth largest gold producer in 2001. Kennecott also

operated the nearby Barney’s Canyon Mine, an open pit and

heap-leaching operation that produced 4,400 kg (140,000

ounces) of gold (Rio Tinto Ltd., 2002, p. 4).

Washington.—Echo Bay Mines’s Kettle River underground

mine, in the northeastern part of the State, produced 1,600 kg

(50,000 ounces) of gold in its 11th year of production (Echo

Bay Mines Ltd., 2002, p. 11).

World Review

World gold mine production was about the same as in 2000.

Increased production from mines in China, Indonesia, and

Russia was enough to help offset a continuing decline in gold

output from South Africa and Australia. According to its

annual review of world gold supply and demand, Gold Fields

Mineral Services Limited calculated that the total global supply

of gold in 2001 was 3.87 Mkg (124 million ounces) compared

with the previous year’s total supply of 3.97 Mkg (128 million

ounces) (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 7). Gold Fields Mineral

Services also reported a slight increase in mine production
33.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

(0.8%); increases in official sector sales (3.1%); no net producer

hedging; and an implied net disinvestment of 53,000 kg (1.7

million ounces), which was sales of bars and coins by private

investors. Old gold scrap levels increased by more than 16% in

2001.

On the demand side, Gold Fields Mineral Services reported

249,000 kg (8 million ounces) less that its 2000 level. Jewelry

fabrication decreased by 171,000 kg (5.5 million ounces) to a 5-

year low, due mainly to lower demand in Egypt, Saudi Arabia,

and Turkey. Bar hoarding rose by 7%, largely as a result of

higher Japanese demand and partly as a result of bank-related

concerns. Coin fabrication was up by about 18% from the

record low set in 2000, largely due to the release of a German

commemorative coin. The largest percentage decline, however,

was the amount of gold used in the electronics market, which

fell 28% with lower demand for computers and other electronic

products (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 10).

With regard to gold exploration, the Metals Economics

Group, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, determined from its

annual survey of worldwide exploration budgets for 679

companies that $849 billion (42.5%) of the 2001 world

exploration budget total for nonferrous metals was directed to

gold, with 400 companies reporting active gold programs

(diGesu and others, 2001a). The expenditures for gold were

$241 million less than the $1.09 billion (47% of the total)

reported for gold exploration in 2000. As in the preceding 7

years, Latin America received the highest expenditure for

gold—$220.7 million (26% of the reported 2001 world total

exploration dollars) (diGesu and others, 2001b).

Australia.—Australian gold mine production dropped by

about 4% from 2000. However, Australia retained its position

as the world’s third largest gold-producing nation. Of the

285,400 kg (8.9 million ounces) of gold mined in 2001,

Western Australia, Queensland, and Northern Territory

accounted for about 70%, 11%, and 7%, respectively

(Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics,

2002, p. 15); Western Australia’s production was derived

principally from mining operations near Kalgoorlie. Other

Australian gold-producing States, in descending order of output,

were New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, and

Victoria.

Higher grades and extra output from processing low-grade

stockpiles of ore at the Bronzewing Mine resulted in a 58%

increase in gold produced and a 30% decline in cash cost to

about $150 per ounce. At the Jundee Mine similar gold output

gains resulted from higher grades, which contributed to a 15%

decrease in cash costs. Conversely, the Kanowna Bell Mine

reported a decrease in the ore grade, which contributed to 10%

higher cash costs of almost $160 per ounce. Low-grade

stockpiles were the predominate mill feed at the Mount Leyshon

Mine, which led to a 23% increase in cash costs. Overall, the

weighted average cash cost for Australian gold mines decreased

to $175 per ounce in 2001 from $190 per ounce in 2000

(Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 46).

Delta Gold Ltd. and Goldfields Ltd. merged their operations

to create a 31,000 kilogram-per-year (kg/yr) (1-million-ounceper-year) gold producer that is about the same size as Normandy

Mining Ltd. and Newcrest Mining Ltd. Delta’s managing

director heads the merged company named Durion Gold Ltd.

(Platts Metals Week, 2001c).

WMC Resources Ltd. sold its St. Ives and Agnew gold

operations in Western Australia to South African-based Gold

Fields Ltd. for $232 million in cash and shares plus royalties. 

All employees at the operations were able to keep their

positions with Gold Fields (Metal Bulletin, 2001).

Brazil.—During 2001, gold production remained level at

about 52,400 kg (1.7-million-ounces). Output from the

informal, noncorporate mining sector, the garimpeiros, also was

estimated to be about the same as in 2000 at 10,400 kg (330,000

ounces) of gold. The largest decline in the corporate sector

came from the Paracatu Mine, which reported an 18% drop in

gold output, reflecting the unscheduled shutdown of its two ball

mills in the first quarter. Both the Almas and Cateté operations

were closed (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 37).

Canada.—Canada remained fifth in the ranking of world gold

producers, as its output rose by 2% to 160,000 kg (5.13 million

ounces). Canada’s principal gold-producing Provinces were

Ontario (50%), Quebec (21%), British Columbia (15%), and

Manitoba (4%). Gold was also produced in Alberta, New

Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, the

Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory. The increase in

production can largely be attributed to the reopening of the Red

Lake Mine in northwestern Ontario. The development of a

high-grade zone at deeper levels of the mine produced more

than 15,000 kg (482,000 ounces) of gold. Additional

production came from the LaRonde Mine where 2 years of

expansion has more than doubled its gold output (Klapwijk and

others, 2002, p. 36).

Chile.—Gold output in Chile decreased to 42,700 kg (1.37

million ounces) owing to continued mine closures. The closures

included the Petorca Mine, which suspended operations in

August, and the Refugio Mine, which closed in May. Other

losses came from the 3-month shutdown of the El Indio Mine,

the completion of residual leaching at the Guanaco operation,

and lower grades and unscheduled repairs at the Copia Mine

(Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 37).

China.—The Chinese produced an estimated 185,000 kg

(5.95 million ounces) of gold in 2001, up 3% from the 180,000

kg (5.6 million ounces) of gold produced in 2000 (Antaike

Precious & Minor Metals Monthly, 2002).

Gold jewelry is one of 106 commodities that now are allowed

to be priced freely in China. Before price deregulation, the

People’s Bank of China set standard gold prices, and gold stores

could only vary the prices slightly. The Government’s relaxed

attitude toward price controls for gold jewelry is expected to

increase consumption and encourage design quality (Platts

Metals Week, 2001b).

India.—India’s budget proposal included a reduction of gold

import duties from 400 rupees ($8.58) per 10 grams to 250

rupees ($5.36) per 10 grams starting next fiscal year [2001-

2002]. A smaller duty should reduce smuggling, which is

estimated to be 60,000 kg/yr (1.93 million ounces per year) of

gold that arrives illegally through Nepal and neighboring

Bangladesh (American Metal Market, 2001a).

Indonesia.—Gold output rose to 130,000 kg (4.18 million

ounces) in 2001. Most of the increase came from the Grasberg

Mine, which produced more than 108,000 kg (3.47 million

ounces) of gold. Gold output at this copper mine reached a new
GOLD—2001 33.5

peak due to exceptionally high grades of ore. Growth at another

copper mine, Batu Hijau on the island of Sulawesi, contributed

to further increase gold output. The Kelian gold mine returned

to normal operation and also reported higher output. However,

Minahasa, a mine on the island of Sumbawa, ceased mining late

in 2001 but continued to process lower grade gold stockpiles

(Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 39).

Mexico.—Gold production was about the same at 26,000 kg

(846,000 ounces) in 2001. This was despite the fact that gold

production at La Herradura, Mexico’s largest gold mine,

doubled to almost 4,000 kg (129,000 ounces) (Klapwijk and

others, 2002, p. 37).

Papua New Guinea.—Gold production in Papua New Guinea

remained the same at 74,000 kg (2.38 million ounces). Lower

gold output from the Porgera Mine was a result of open pit

depletion and a need to use lower grade stockpiles to

supplement shortfalls in production. In addition, mining was

completed at the Misima Mine in May, with subsequent

production coming from lower stockpiled ore (Klapwijk and

others, 2002, p. 39).

Peru.—Latin America’s largest gold producer reported a

small (4%) increase to reach 138,000 kg (4.44 million ounces)

of gold output. Peru’s largest gold mine, Yanacocha,

contributed to the gain with close to 60,000 kg (1.93 million

ounces) of gold, which was 6% more than in 2000. The new La

Quinua Mine had delays in startup and a longer-than-anticipated

leach recovery cycle for gold. Increased gold production was

also reported at the Pierina Mine, which increased by 11% to

28,000 kg (900,000 ounces) (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 36).

Russia.—Production in Russia grew by 6% to 152,000 kg

(4.89 million ounces) of gold, keeping the country in the sixth

position among the top gold producing countries. Over 30% of

the country’s gold output is estimated to have come from 15

companies, which suggests concentration taking place in

Russia’s highly fragmented gold industry—as many as 600

enterprises engaged in gold mining in 2001. Commercial banks

were thought to have purchased more than 140,000 kg (4.50

million ounces) of gold in 2001, or about 92% of production. A

new Presidential decree, effective January 2002, allows the

mining companies to export bullion directly. In addition,

another ruling canceled the 5% export duty on refined gold,

which had been in force since 1998. The removal of this charge

is expected to contribute to a greater output of Russian gold in

2002 (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 40).

South Africa.—Gold production in South Africa, the world’s

largest gold-producing nation, declined for the eighth

consecutive year to 402,000 kg (12.90 million ounces) of gold,

about 6% less than that of 2000, and left gold production at its

lowest level in 48 years. South Africa has not had a year-onyear increase in gold output since 1993, and consequently, with

the increase in gold production in Russia, South Africa’s share

fell to roughly 15% in 2001 from 30% of the world’s gold

output in 1993. The declines can be explained, in part, by

operational difficulties related to the maturity of the industry

and the nature of the ore deposits (narrow veins in hard rock

being mined at deep levels). In 2001, gold production was

affected by continued downscaling of mines, shaft closures, and

lower gold output from mines that changed ownership as a

result of industry consolidation (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p.

33).

The tonnage and grade of ore milled during 2001 by the

mines, comprising the membership of the Chamber of Mines of

South Africa, amounted to almost 83 billion kilograms at a

grade of 4.13 grams per metric ton (g/t) of gold ore; this

compares with a higher total tonnage of 84 billion kilograms at

a higher grade of 4.51 g/t that was milled by Chamber members

in 2000.

Of the top 15 gold-producing companies in the world during

2001, 4 were South African. AngloGold Ltd., listed on the

Australian Stock Exchange only 2 years earlier, remained the

leading gold-producing company in the world. Gold Fields Ltd.

was fourth in the world. The other two companies were

Harmony Gold Mining Company Ltd. (9th) and Durban

Roodepoort Deep Limited (11th). Durban Roodepoort Deep

was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange just 2 years earlier

in March 1999 (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 31).

Uzbekistan.—Gold production in Uzbekistan rose slightly to

87,000 kg (2.8 million ounces). Gold output at the ZarafshanNewmont Gold joint venture, which processes high-grade

tailings from the state-owned Muruntau Mine at Zarafshan, fell

to just over 13,000 kg (418,000 ounces) of gold in 2001 from

17,000 kg (547,000 ounces) of gold in 2000, primarily due to

changes in grade decline (Klapwijk and others, 2002, p. 41).

Outlook

Consolidation will continue in the gold industry worldwide as

gold producers seek to secure their assets, cut costs, and exploit

gold prices, which are expected to rise within the next 2 to 3

years.

The U.S. gold industry, which has been closing its gold mines

(10 in 1999, 12 more in 2000, and another 11 in 2001) also will

continue to consolidate. World exploration spending for new

gold resources will begin increasing after several consecutive

years of decreases, with most of the development happening

within Latin American countries. 

References Cited

American Metal Market, 2000, Low grades, high costs force mine closing: 

American Metal Market, v. 108, no. 178, September 14, p. 6.

American Metal Market, 2001a, India to trim gold import duty: American Metal

Market, v. 109, no. 42, March 2, p. 5.

American Metal Market, 2001b, Nova gold gains stake in Alaska’s Donlin

Creek sites: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 139, July 19, p. 4.

American Metal Market, 2002, Wedding rings help ring in record jewelry sales: 

American Metal Market, v. 110, no. 64-5, April 19, p. 5.

AngloGold Ltd., 2002, Annual report 2001: Johannesburg, South Africa,

AngloGold Ltd., February 20, 128 p.

Antaike Precious & Minor Metals Monthly, 2002, China gold output reached to

180 t in 2001 produces 1908 t of silver in 2001: Antaike Precious & Minor

Metals Monthly, no. 25, January, p. 2.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2002, Australian

mineral statistics—Fourth quarter 2001: Canberra, New South Wales,

Australia, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 32 p.

Barrick Gold Corporation, 2002, Barrick reports operating results for 2001: 

Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Barrick Gold Corporation press release, February

14, 31 p.

Canyon Resources Corp., 2002, Canyon reports Briggs mine production results

for 2001: Golden, CO, Canyon Resources Corp. press release, February 27, 

2 p.

CRU International Ltd., 2002, Precious metals market outlook: London, United

Kingdom, CRU International Ltd., April 16, 180 p.
33.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

diGesu, Dominique, Bearmish, Marilyn, Angelucci, Josee, Haynes, Shelley,

Hopkinson, Lori, Lowery, Jim, Slaunwhite, Janice, and Selva, Sandra, 2001a,

Overview of worldwide exploration budgets (part I): Metals Economics

Group Strategic Report, v. 14, no. 5, September-October, p. 1-5.

diGesu, Dominique, Bearmish, Marilyn, Angelucci, Josee, Haynes, Shelley,

Hopkinson, Lori, Lowery, Jim, Slaunwhite, Janice, and Selva, Sandra, 2001b,

Overview of worldwide exploration budgets (part II): Metals Economics

Group Strategic Report, v. 14, no. 6, November-December, p. 11-19.

Driesner, Doug, and Coyner, Alan, 2002, Major mines of Nevada 2001: Reno,

NV, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication P-13, 26 p.

Echo Bay Mines Ltd., 2002, Echo Bay Mines announces fourth quarter and full

year 2001 results: Englewood, CO, Echo Bay Mines Ltd. press release,

February 13, 19 p.

Glamis Gold Ltd., 2002, Glamis Gold Ltd. reports record gold production and

return to profitability: Reno, NV, Glamis Gold Ltd. news release, February

25, 5 p. 

Gold News, 1998, Gold snapshot—Underground mines are growing trend: Gold

News, no. 6, November-December, p. 2.

Goldcorp Inc., 2002, 2001—An excellent start: Toronto, Ontario, Canada,

Goldcorp Inc., February 7, 18 p.

Kinross Gold Corp., 2002, Results for the three months and year ended

December 31, 2001: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Kinross Gold Corp. news

release, February 13, 10 p.

Klapwijk, Philip, le Roux, Hester, Walker, Paul, Newman, Philip, Alway, Bruce,

Meader, Neil, Spenser, Tim, and Atkinson, Ben, 2002, Gold 2002: London,

United Kingdom, Gold Fields Mineral Services Limited, April, 113 p.

McCulloch, R.B., 2002, Montana: Mining Engineering, v. 54, no. 5, May, p. 66-

69.

Meridian Gold Inc., 2002, Meridian Gold 2001 annual report: Toronto, Ontario,

Canada, Meridian Gold Inc., March 28, p. 44.

Metal Bulletin, 2001, Gold Fields pays $232m for WMC’s gold assets: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8611, September 27, p. 6.

Mining Journal, 2001, Summitville settlement: Mining Journal, v. 336, no.

8615, January 5, p. 3.

Newmont Gold Company, 2002, Form 10-K: U.S. Securities and Exchange

Commission, 111 p.

Placer Dome Inc., 2002, Placer Dome reports profitable fourth quarter: 

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Placer Dome Inc. press release,

February 14, 19 p.

Platts Metals Week, 2001a, Barrick’s new gold mine in full production: Platts

Metals Week, v. 72, no. 51, December 24, p. 15.

Platts Metals Week, 2001b, China deregulates gold jewelry pricing: Platts

Metals Week, v. 72, no. 32, August 6, p. 15.

Platts Metals Week, 2001c, Delta Gold, Goldfields to merge: Platts Metals

Week, v. 72, no. 39, September 24, p. 15.

Platts Metals Week, 2001d, Newmont to move ahead with new gold mines: 

Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 41, October 8, p. 6.

Rio Tinto Ltd., 2002, Rio Tinto quarterly production report for the quarter

ending 31 March 2002: London, United Kingdom, Rio Tinto Ltd. news

release, April 23, 21 p.

Szumigala, D.J., and Swainbank, R.C., 2002a, Alaska’s mineral industry 2001: 

Alaska Division of Geology and Geophysics Surveys Information Circular

48, March, 15 p.

Szumigala, D.J., and Swainbank, R.C., 2002b, Exploration: Mining

Engineering, v. 54, no. 5, May, p. 44-46.

Thomas, P.R., and Boyle, E.H., Jr., 1986, Gold availability appraisal: U.S.

Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9070, 87 p.

Tingley, J.V., and LaPointe, D.D., 2002, Nevada: Mining Engineering, v. 54,

no. 5, May, p. 68-72.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, 1998 assessment of undiscovered deposits of

gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: U.S. Geological

Survey Circular 1178, 21 p.

Viceroy Resource Corp., 2002, Viceroy Resource Corporation 2001 annual

report: Vancouver, British Columbia, Viceroy Resource Corp., April 29, 

34 p.

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Publications

Contributions to the Gold Metallogeny of Northern Nevada,

Open-File Report 98-338, 1999.

Geologic and Grade-Tonnage Information on Tertiary

Epithermal Precious- and Base-Metal Vein Districts

Associated with Volcanic Rocks, Bulletin 1666, 1986.

Geologic Characteristics of Sediment- and Volcanic-Hosted

Disseminated Gold Deposits—Search for an Occurrence

Model, Bulletin 1646, 1985.

Geology and Resources of Gold in the United States, Bulletin

1857, 1998.

Gold. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual.

Gold. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources, Professional

Paper 820, 1973.

Precious Metals. Mineral Industry Surveys, monthly.

Principal Gold-Producing Districts of the United States,

Professional Paper 610, 1968.

Principles of a Resource/Reserve Classification for Minerals, 

Circular 831, 1980.

Other

American Metal Market, daily.

Canadian Mines Handbook 2001-02.

Engineering and Mining Journal, monthly.

Gold. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S. Bureau of Mines

Bulletin 675, 1985.

Jewelers’ Circular-Keystone, monthly.

Mining Journal, biweekly.

Mining Record, The, weekly.

Northern Miner, The, weekly.

Platts Metals Week, weekly.

Randol Mining Directory 1999.

World Gold—A Minerals Availability Appraisal, U.S. Bureau

of Mines Special Publication SP 24-94, 1994.
TABLE 1

SALIENT GOLD STATISTICS 1/

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

United States:

 Mine production kilograms 362,000 366,000 341,000 353,000 335,000

 Value thousands $3,870,000 $3,480,000 $3,070,000 $3,180,000 $2,940,000

 Gold recovered by cyanidation:

 Extracted in vats, tanks, closed containers 2/ kilograms 212,000 r/ 242,000 r/ 190,000 r/ 142,000 r/ 117,000

 Leached in open heaps or dumps 3/ do. 121,000 r/ 99,300 r/ 130,000 r/ 194,000 r/ 195,000

 Refinery production:

 Concentrates and doré do. 270,000 277,000 265,000 197,000 191,000

 Recycled materials (new and old scrap) do. 100,000 163,000 143,000 81,600 82,700

 Exports, refined do. 391,000 430,000 435,000 440,000 395,000

 Imports for consumption, refined do. 194,000 257,000 196,000 184,000 161,000

 Net deliveries from foreign stocks in Federal Reserve do. 143,000 310,000 303,000 356,000 259,000

 Bank of New York

 Stocks, December 31:

 Industry 4/ do. 17,300 16,600 14,700 9,300 3,700

 Commodity Exchange (Comex) 5/ do. 15,200 25,200 37,900 52,900 3,800

 Department of the Treasury metric tons 8,140 8,130 8,170 8,140 8,120

 Volume of U.S. gold futures trading 6/ do. 29,700 28,600 29,800 20,600 21,100

 Department of the Treasury: 7/

 American Eagle gold coin kilograms 20,000 49,200 78,200 13,900 10,700

 Other numismatic gold coins do. 500 86 430 330 250

 Consumption in industry and the arts do. 137,000 219,000 245,000 183,000 179,000

 Apparent demand, refined 8/ do. 265,000 667,000 399,000 r/ 337,000 r/ 257,000

 Price, average dollars per troy ounce 9/ $332.39 $295.24 $279.91 $280.10 $272.22

 Employment, mine and mill only 10/ 16,300 13,400 10,300 10,400 9,500

 World:

 Production, mine kilograms 2,450,000 2,500,000 r/ 2,560,000 r/ 2,580,000 r/ 2,570,000 e/

 Official bullion reserves 11/ metric tons 34,000 33,600 33,500 33,000 33,000

e/ Estimated. r/ Revised. 

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except prices.

2/ May include small quantities recovered by gravity methods.

3/ May include tailings, waste-ore dumps, and previously mined ore at some inactive mines.

4/ Unfabricated refined gold held by refiners, fabricators, dealers, and the U.S. Department of Defense.

5/ Commodity Exchange (Comex) division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.

6/ Comex only.

7/ Fiscal year bullion disbursements to U.S. Mint coin programs. Fiscal year begins October 1 of year prior to year indicated.

8/ Defined as refinery production from primary materials plus refinery production from old scrap plus net bullion flow to market from foreign stocks at the 

New York Federal Reserve Bank plus net imports of bullion. Assumed to include gold held for investment purposes. Excludes gold contained in fabricated 

items, imported coins, and official monetary gold.

9/ Engelhard Corp. industries quotation.

10/ Data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration.

11/ Held by central banks, governments, and international monetary organizations. Data from the International Monetary Fund.

TABLE 2

MINE PRODUCTION OF GOLD IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1/

(Kilograms)

State 2000 2001

Alaska 2/ 15,600 16,700

Arizona 442 W

California 17,200 13,800

Idaho W W

Montana 9,310 W

Nevada 268,000 253,000

South Dakota 8,230 W

Washington 2,930 1,700

Other States 3/ 31,700 49,600

 Total 353,000 335,000

r/ Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data, included with "Other States."

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Production data collected by the State.

3/ Includes Colorado, New Mexico, South Carolina, Utah, Wisconsin, and States indicated by symbol W. 
TABLE 3

LEADING GOLD-PRODUCING MINES IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2001, IN ORDER OF OUTPUT 1/

Rank Mine County and State Operator Kilograms

1 Newmont Nevada operations 2/ 3/ Various counties, NV Newmont Gold Company 84,000

2 Betze-Post/Goldstrike Eureka, NV Barrick Gold Corporation 48,200

3 Cortez Lander, NV Placer Dome Inc. 37,000

4 Round Mountain Nye, NV Round Mountain Gold Corporation 23,200

5 Meikle/Goldstrike Elko, NV Barrick Gold Corporation 22,200

6 Bingham Canyon 4/ Salt Lake, UT Kennecott Utah Copper Corp. 18,400

7 Fort Knox 5/ Fairbanks, AK Fairbanks Gold Mining Inc. 12,800

8 Jerritt Canyon Elko, NV Independence Mining Company, Inc. 11,800

9 Ken Snyder do. Euro-Nevada Mining Co. 6,700

10 Cresson Teller, CO Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mining Co. 6,700

11 Golden Sunlight Jefferson, MT Placer Dome Inc. 6,100

12 Homestake Lawrence, SD Homestake Mining Company 5,800

13 Barney's Canyon Salt Lake, UT Kennecott Barney's Canyon Mining Co. 4,400

14 Bald Mountain White Pine, NV Placer Dome Inc. 3,400

15 Wharf Lawrence, SD Wharf Resources, Ltd. 3,200

16 Denton-Rawhide Mineral, NV Kennecott Rawhide Mining Co. 3,200

17 Briggs Inyo, CA Canyon Resources Corp. 3,000

18 McCoy/Cove Lander, NV Echo Bay Mines Limited 2,900

19 Marigold Humboldt, NV Glamis Gold Ltd. 2,600

20 Rochester Pershing, NV Coeur d'Alene Mines Corp. 2,400

21 Castle Mountain San Bernardino, CA Viceroy Resources Corporation 2,400

22 Greens Creek 6/ Juneau, AK Kennecott Greens Creek Mining Co. 2,300

23 Rand Kern, CA Glamis Rand Mining Co. 1,800

24 Kettle River Ferry, WA Echo Bay Mines Limited 1,600

25 Illinois Creek 6/ Yukon-Koyukuk, AK American Reclamation Group LLC 900

(7/) Florida Canyon Pershing, NV Florida Canyon Mining, Inc. W

(7/) McLaughlin Napa, Yolo, CA Homestake Mining Company W

(7/) Mesquite Imperial, CA Newmont Gold Company W

(7/) Montana Tunnels Jefferson, MT Montana Tunnels Mining, Inc. W

(7/) Ruby Hill Eureka, NV Homestake Mining Company W

W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; these mines accounted for more than 99% of U.S. gold production

in 2001.

2/ Includes Carlin Mines Complex, Lone Tree, and Twin Creeks.

3/ Mill output.

4/ Mine production refers to total quantity of gold produced in concentrates.

5/ Mine production refers to gold equivalent produced.

6/ Estimated from State annual report.

7/ Production at Florida Canyon, McLaughlin, Mesquite, Montana Tunnels, and Ruby Hill are withheld; mines are among the

top 30 gold-producing mines in the United States but are not shown in rank order to avoid disclosing company propriety data.

Sources: Company annual reports, Securities and Exchange Commission 10K and 6K reports, and company news releases.
TABLE 4

U.S. EXPORTS OF GOLD, BY COUNTRY 1/ 2/

Ores and concentrates 3/ Doré and precipitates Refined bullion 4/ Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

 Year and country (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands)

2000 745 $9,680 106,000 $924,000 440,000 $4,030,000 547,000 $4,970,000

2001:

 Armenia -- -- 19 150 258 2,460 277 2,610

 Austria -- -- -- -- 154 1,380 154 1,380

 Bahamas, The -- -- 5 27 44 325 49 352

 Bolivia -- -- -- -- 50 397 50 397

 Canada 4 33 6,990 32,100 399 3,140 7,390 35,300

 Cayman Islands -- -- (5/) 3 -- -- (5/) 3

 Chile -- -- -- -- 19 180 19 180

 Colombia -- -- -- -- 12 66 12 66

 Costa Rica -- -- -- -- 2 18 2 18

 Dominican Republic 29 120 -- -- 1 7 29 127

 France 1 10 10 109 5 38 17 158

 Germany 201 3,270 5 23 784 7,020 991 10,300

 Guatemala -- -- 12 118 1,190 11,500 1,200 11,600

 Hong Kong -- -- -- -- 1,540 12,900 1,540 12,900

 Ireland -- -- (5/) 3 9 108 10 111

 Israel -- -- 52 214 7 56 59 270

 Italy (5/) 3 -- -- 2 14 2 17

 Jamaica -- -- -- -- 2 10 2 10

 Japan -- -- 19 163 102 1,080 121 1,250

 Korea, Republic of 3 16 -- -- 1,680 14,300 1,680 14,300

 Malaysia -- -- -- -- 54 485 54 485

 Mexico 80 863 -- -- 16,200 149,000 16,300 150,000

 Monaco -- -- -- -- 3 32 3 32

 Netherlands Antilles -- -- -- -- (5/) 3 (5/) 3

 Pakistan -- -- -- -- 13 113 13 113

 Peru -- -- 28 254 5,500 47,300 5,530 47,600

 Philippines -- -- 3 24 46 490 49 514

 Romania -- -- -- -- 1 10 1 10

 Singapore -- -- 11 104 21 204 32 308

 Spain -- -- -- -- 6 70 6 70

 St. Christopher and Nevis -- -- -- -- (5/) 4 (5/) 4

 Sweden -- -- 10 42 7 68 17 109

 Switzerland 1 6 63,400 567,000 300,000 2,480,000 363,000 3,040,000

 Taiwan -- -- (5/) 3 8 74 9 78

 Thailand -- -- -- -- 1,450 11,900 1,450 11,900

 Trinidad and Tobago 39 296 -- -- 25 287 64 583

 Turkey -- -- -- -- 211 1,850 211 1,850

 United Arab Emirates -- -- -- -- 10,800 92,800 10,800 92,800

 United Kingdom 3 46 23,300 204,000 54,600 466,000 77,900 669,000

 Venezuela -- -- 22 222 42 351 64 574

 Total 361 4,670 93,900 804,000 395,000 3,300,000 489,000 4,110,000

-- Zero.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Ash and residues data were zero for listed years.

3/ Includes base metal ores, concentrates, and matte destined for refining.

4/ Bullion also moves in both directions between U.S. markets and foreign stocks on deposit in the Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary gold excluded. 

5/ Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 5

U.S. EXPORTS OF GOLD, BY COUNTRY 1/

Waste and scrap Metal powder Gold compounds

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

 Year and country (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands)

2000 64,100 $700,000 1,130 $10,700 1,390,000 $15,300

2001:

 Argentina -- -- -- -- 5 3

 Armenia -- -- 115 1,030 -- --

 Aruba -- -- 2 17 -- --

 Australia -- -- 1 10 360 11

 Belgium 1,680 24,100 -- -- -- --

 Bermuda -- -- 1 6 -- --

 Brazil -- -- -- -- 480 19

 Cambodia -- -- -- -- 6,880 33

 Canada 22,500 129,000 43 329 326,000 4,480

 Cayman Islands (2/) 3 -- -- -- --

 China 6 92 (2/) 4 -- --

 Colombia -- -- -- -- 546 112

 Dominican Republic -- -- (2/) 3 3,240 919

 France -- -- 226 1,790 34 21

 French Polynesia -- -- 1 3 -- --

 Germany 812 11,300 42 457 1,260 64

 Guatemala 159 975 -- -- -- --

 Hong Kong 1 50 -- -- 133 368

 India -- -- 13 179 -- --

 Ireland -- -- 157 2,150 -- --

 Israel 3 100 10 131 142,000 1,540

 Italy 660 10,300 17 150 -- --

 Jamaica -- -- 2 10 -- --

 Japan 45 544 14 112 1 3

 Korea, Republic of -- -- 3 24 15 38

 Mexico -- -- 9,010 106,000 967 1,930

 Netherlands 1 19 8 100 426 862

 Netherlands Antilles -- -- 1 7 -- --

 New Zealand -- -- -- -- 356 13

 Oman -- -- (2/) 8 -- --

 Peru -- -- 785 6,410 -- --

 Philippines -- -- (2/) 6 2 6

 Poland 1 5 -- -- -- --

 Portugal -- -- 1 9 -- --

 Singapore -- -- 1 8 7,400 232

 South Africa -- -- 3 12 -- --

 Sweden 802 21,300 1 4 -- --

 Switzerland 1,030 5,990 658 4,070 -- --

 Taiwan -- -- 3 37 271 1,750

 Turkey -- -- 6 55 1 5

 Turks and Caicos Island 1 39 -- -- -- --

 Ukraine -- -- (2/) 6 -- --

 United Arab Emirates -- -- 4 35 57 380

 United Kingdom 12,400 264,000 435 4,100 1,580 178

 Uruguay 1 16 -- -- -- --

 Total 40,100 468,000 11,600 127,000 492,000 13,000

-- Zero.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 6

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF GOLD, BY COUNTRY 1/ 

Ores and concentrates 2/ Doré and precipitates Refined bullion 3/ Ash and residues 

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quant

 Year and country (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilogra

2000 65 $636 39,000 $292,000 184,000 $1,680,000 97 r/ $1,800 223,2001: Armenia -- -- -- -- 2 18 -- --  Aruba -- -- -- -- 690 5,940 -- --  Australia 17 146 -- -- 67 699 -- --  Belgium -- -- -- -- 19 170 -- --  Bolivia -- -- 242 1,820 119 760 -- --  Brazil -- -- -- -- 25,700 221,000 -- -- 25, Canada 1,240 1,080 40 350 118,000 1,050,000 19 216 120, Chile -- -- 1,250 10,400 5,850 51,300 -- -- 7, Colombia -- -- 1,620 11,700 3,010 23,800 -- -- 4, Dominican Republic -- -- -- -- 89 787 -- --  Ecuador -- -- 18 137 5 48 -- --  El Salvador -- -- 3 17 3 15 -- --  France -- -- -- -- 372 3,040 -- --  Germany -- -- -- -- 131 1,170 -- --  Ghana 6 79 -- -- 7 53 84 1,220  Guyana -- -- 230 1,740 2 21 -- --  Honduras -- -- 6,700 53,100 -- -- -- -- 6, India -- -- -- -- 8 60 -- --  Israel -- -- -- -- 3 36 -- --  Italy -- -- -- -- 122 1,070 -- --  Mali -- -- -- -- 4 43 -- --  Mexico -- -- 2,100 18,200 1,160 12,100 5 64 3, Netherlands Antilles -- -- -- -- 14 115 -- --  Nicaragua -- -- 1,680 13,000 -- -- 85 2,200 1, Norway -- -- -- -- 650 5,560 -- --  Panama -- -- 29 221 456 3,080 -- --  Papua New Guinea -- -- -- -- (4/) 4 -- --  Peru -- -- 7,870 61,100 103 794 -- -- 7, Singapore -- -- -- -- 260 2,280 -- --  Switzerland -- -- 3 36 1,040 10,100 -- -- 1, Thailand -- -- -- -- 2 21 -- --  United Arab Emirates -- -- -- -- 36 312 -- --  United Kingdom -- -- 8,990 36,100 2,930 27,500 -- -- 11, Zaire -- -- 281 2,560 1 15 -- --  Zimbabwe -- -- -- -- 23 211 -- --  Total 1,270 1,300 31,100 211,000 161,000 1,420,000 193 3,700 194,r/ Revised. -- Zero.1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.2/ Includes base metal ores, concentrates, and matte destined for refining.3/ Bullion also moves in both directions between U.S. markets and foreign stocks on deposit in the Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary gold excluded.

4/ Less than 1/2 unit.Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 7

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF GOLD, BY COUNTRY 1/

Waste and scrap Metal powder Gold compounds

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

 Year and country (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands) (kilograms) (thousands)

2000 29,800 $71,200 6,720 $58,800 7,970 $60,500

2001:

 Armenia 7 28 -- -- -- --

 Australia -- -- 7 62 -- --

 Bahamas, The (2/) 2 -- -- -- --

 Belgium -- -- 40 349 -- --

 Bolivia 2 15 -- -- 97 365

 Brazil 3 29 -- -- 918 5,200

 Canada 7,950 10,100 9,090 80,300 7 55

 China 4 33 (2/) 3 -- --

 Costa Rica 1,350 3,760 -- -- -- --

 Dominican Republic 8,280 22,800 78 570 -- --

 Ecuador 191 724 -- -- -- --

 El Salvador 3 19 -- -- -- --

 France 149 1,130 45 387 -- --

 Germany 4 31 30 280 113 272

 Ghana -- -- 63 508 -- --

 Guatemala 15 48 (2/) 4 -- --

 Guyana 41 324 -- -- -- --

 Honduras 56 118 -- -- -- --

 Hong Kong 68 545 -- -- -- --

 Ireland 18 172 -- -- 29 62

 Israel 4 12 1 6 -- --

 Italy 1 7 -- -- -- --

 Japan 51 375 3 45 788 625

 Korea, Republic of 11 90 -- -- -- --

 Liberia -- -- 2 9 -- --

 Malaysia 374 2,180 -- -- -- --

 Mali -- -- 40 260 -- --

 Mexico 6,080 7,930 17 143 -- --

 Namibia -- -- 2 19 -- --

 Netherlands 21 194 -- -- -- --

 Netherlands Antilles 45 248 -- -- -- --

 Panama 911 3,580 11 58 -- --

 Peru 513 827 -- -- -- --

 Philippines 118 218 -- -- -- --

 Singapore 22 204 -- -- -- --

 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 83 44 -- -- -- --

 Switzerland -- -- 17 187 10 7

 Taiwan 11 59 -- -- -- --

 Thailand 1 8 -- -- -- --

 United Kingdom 6 26 (2/) 3 -- --

 Total 26,400 55,800 9,450 83,200 1,960 6,590

-- Zero.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 8

GOLD: WORLD MINE PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1/ 2/ 

 

(Kilograms)

Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 e/

Argentina 2,289 20,400 38,515 25,954 r/ 30,630 3/

Armenia e/ 500 350 400 600 r/ 3/ 1,900 3/

Australia 314,500 310,070 301,070 296,410 285,030 3/

Belize e/ 5 6 6 6 6

Bolivia 13,292 14,444 11,788 r/ 12,001 r/ 12,395 3/

Botswana 28 1 2 4 4

Brazil 4/ 58,488 46,031 r/ 51,422 r/ 52,420 r/ 52,400

Bulgaria 1,020 1,253 1,034 1,100 e/ 1,000

Burkina Faso 1,089 1,091 886 1,000 e/ 1,000

Burundi -- r/ -- r/ -- r/ -- r/ 415 3/

Burma 410 r/ 334 r/ 267 r/ 250 e/ 200 

Cameroon e/ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 

Canada 171,479 165,599 157,617 156,207 r/ 159,714 3/

Central African Republic 90 e/ 50 r/ e/ 41 r/ 12 r/ 20 

Chile 49,459 44,980 45,663 53,983 r/ 42,673 3/

China e/ 175,000 178,000 173,000 180,000 185,000 

Colombia 18,811 18,810 r/ 43,847 r/ 37,018 r/ 21,813 3/

Congo (Brazzaville) e/ 10 10 10 10 10 

Congo (Kinshasa) 394 r/ 151 r/ 207 r/ 52 r/ 50 3/

Costa Rica 502 742 r/ 165 r/ 51 r/ e/ 100

Cote d'Ivoire 2,419 5/ 3,400 2,717 3,154 3,100

Cuba e/ 250 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Dominican Republic 2,349 1,424 651 -- r/ -- 3/

Ecuador 5/ 3,070 e/ 3,500 e/ 2,026 r/ 2,871 r/ 2,297 3/

El Salvador 110 98 71 r/ e/ -- r/ -- 

Eritrea 612 573 534 r/ 264 r/ 270 r/

Ethiopia 6/ 3,000 e/ 2,500 4,905 r/ 5,177 r/ 5,200 

Fiji 4,671 3,690 4,428 r/ 3,842 r/ 3,858 3/

Finland 3,900 5,000 e/ 5,900 e/ 4,951 r/ 5,552 3/

France 4,953 3,793 3,600 e/ 2,632 r/ 3,000 

French Guiana (Guyane) 3,183 r/ 2,673 r/ 2,819 r/ 3,376 r/ 3,000 

Gabon e/ 7/ 70 70 70 70 70 

Georgia e/ 700 700 2,000 2,000 2,000 e/

Ghana 54,662 72,541 79,946 72,100 r/ 68,700 3/

Guatemala e/ 100 100 4,449 r/ 3/ 4,500 r/ 4,500

Guinea 7,100 7,835 r/ 12,001 r/ 13,104 r/ 13,000

Guyana 15,033 r/ 12,960 r/ 12,905 r/ 13,510 r/ 14,183 3/

Honduras e/ 150 150 879 r/ 3/ 878 r/ 3/ 880 

India 8/ 2,750 2,383 2,500 6,200 r/ 3,800 3/

Indonesia 9/ 86,927 124,018 127,184 124,596 130,000

Iran 684 856 r/ 930 r/ 950 r/ 1,000

Italy -- 1,100 r/ e/ 700 r/ e/ 709 r/ 503 3/

Jamaica -- -- -- -- 214 3/

Japan 8,384 8,601 9,405 8,400 r/ e/ 8,500 

Kazakhstan e/ 18,700 18,100 20,236 r/ 3/ 28,171 r/ 3/ 27,100 3/

Kenya 440 10/ 388 10/ 990 1,243 r/ 1,240 3/

Korea, North e/ 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 

Korea, Republic of 8/ 14,852 22,822 25,730 22,608 r/ 28,595 3/

Kyrgyzstan e/ 17,400 3/ 22,000 20,000 22,000 r/ 24,000

Laos 25 -- -- -- --

Liberia e/ 500 800 1,000 1,000 1,000 

Madagascar 8 r/ 12 r/ 8 r/ e/ 5 r/ (11/) 3/

Malaysia 4,487 3,394 3,449 4,026 3,965 3/

Mali 16,323 20,562 23,688 25,000 e/ 40,000

Mexico 26,001 25,427 23,755 26,375 26,300

Mongolia 8,451 10,040 10,038 11,485 r/ 12,092 3/

Morocco e/ 450 450 -- r/ 334 r/ 300

Mozambique 6 17 20 23 r/ 25

Namibia 2,417 1,882 2,005 r/ 2,417 r/ 2,851 3/

New Zealand 11,359 7,544 8,577 8,600 e/ 8,600

Nicaragua 2,562 3,834 4,450 r/ 3,672 r/ 3,650

Niger e/ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 8--Continued

GOLD: WORLD MINE PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1/ 2/ 

(Kilograms)

Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 e/

Nigeria e/ 6 10 10 10 10 

Oman 575 575 e/ 597 r/ 604 r/ 610 

Panama e/ 1,202 3/ 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 

Papua New Guinea 45,418 64,106 61,293 74,000 e/ 74,000 

Peru 12/ 79,117 94,214 128,486 132,585 138,022 3/

Philippines 32,671 34,038 31,031 30,000 e/ 30,000 

Poland e/ 435 3/ 600 600 600 600 

Romania e/ 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 

Russia 124,000 e/ 114,900 125,870 143,000 r/ 152,000 3/

Rwanda 10 17 10 10 10 

Saudi Arabia 7,260 5,100 r/ 4,570 r/ 3,800 r/ e/ 5,000 

Senegal e/ 550 550 r/ 550 r/ 550 r/ 550

Serbia and Montenegro 3,000 e/ 2,684 1,260 e/ 1,121 r/ 1,100

Sierra Leone 13/ 20 15 30 e/ 30 e/ 30

Slovakia 458 340 363 r/ 306 r/ 300

Solomon Islands 25 e/ 1,565 3,456 338 300 

South Africa 491,680 464,319 451,300 428,200 r/ 402,177 3/

Spain 1,824 3,295 5,081 4,310 r/ 3,300 3/

Sudan 4,554 5,653 5,565 r/ 5,770 r/ 5,800

Suriname e/ 300 300 300 300 14/ 300

Sweden 6,777 r/ 5,944 r/ 4,400 r/ 3,600 r/ 4,700 3/

Taiwan 9 9 13 9 r/ 2 3/

Tajikistan 2,550 3,000 2,700 e/ 2,700 e/ 2,700

Tanzania 232 r/ 427 r/ 4,767 r/ 15,060 r/ 32,300

Turkey e/ 15/ 1,000 1,000 1,200 500 r/ 500

Uganda 6 8 5 56 (11/) 3/

United States 362,000 366,000 341,000 353,000 335,000 3/

Uruguay e/ 2,800 1,985 3/ 2,400 2,300 2,300 

Uzbekistan 81,700 e/ 80,000 85,000 85,000 e/ 87,000

Venezuela 22,322 6,740 5,946 7,332 9,076 3/

Vietnam e/ 1,000 1,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 

Zambia e/ 290 765 3/ 700 600 130 p/

Zimbabwe 24,156 25,175 27,666 22,070 18,050 3/

 Total 2,450,000 2,500,000 r/ 2,560,000 r/ 2,580,000 r/ 2,570,000

e/ Estimated. p/ Preliminary. r/ Revised. -- Zero.

1/ World totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Table includes data available through August 7, 2002.

3/ Reported figure.

4/ Officially reported figures are as follows, in kilograms: Major companies: 1997--41,062; 1998--37,787 (revised); 1999--42,367;

2000--42,025; 2001--42,000 (estimated). Garimpos 1997--17,426; 1998--8,244 (revised); 1999--9,055; 2000--10,395; 2001--

10,400 (estimated).

5/ Includes undocumented artisanal production.

6/ Year ending July 7 of that stated.

7/ Undocumented artisanal production.

8/ Refinery output.

9/ Excludes production from so-called people's mines, which may be as much as 18,000 kilograms per year, but includes gold

recovered as byproduct of copper mining.

10/ Reported exports.

11/ Less than 1/2 unit.

12/ Includes documented production from placer artisanal production.

13/ Data are based on official exports and do not reflect gold moved through undocumented channels.

14/ Government estimates unreported production as high as 30,000 kilograms.

15/ Indicates byproduct of base metals.