PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY

OF THE

LDEF MISSION

by

Robert L. O'Neal

Arlene S. Levine

Carol C. Kiser

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Langley Research Center

Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001

NASA Special Publication 531

1996
The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in this

report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an

official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such

products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics

and Space Administration.

Available electronically at the following URL address: http://techreporls.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/Itrs.html

Printed copies available from the following:

NASA Center lor AeroSpace Information

800 Elkridge Landing Road

Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934

(3(/I) 621-0390

National Technical Infornlation Scrvice (NTIS)

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161-2171

(703) 487-4650
Preface

This publication and accompanying CD-ROM present a comprehensive set of high quality

reproductions of preflight, in-flight, and postflight photographs of the Long Duration Exposure

Facility (LDEF) and the experiments. General descriptions of the LDEF and its mission are

also included. The photographs document the effects of more than 5 1/2 years of exposure to

the space environment on the spacecraft and the experiments. Therefore, the photographs

present a maior source of research data.

The text explains where each photograph (e.g., in-flight or in the Spacecraft Assembly and

Encapsulation Facility II (SAEF II)) was taken, the location of the experiment on the LDEF,

and the notable characteristics of each photograph. The text addresses visual observations

rather than detailed analyses. For detailed analyses of the experiments, see NASA Conference

Publications 3134, 3194, and 3275, which are the proceedings from the first, second, and third

LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposia.

The LDEF Project was initiated during the early development of the Space Shuttle. The

project was designed to take advantage of the unique capability of the Space Shuttle to place

large payloads in Earth orbit, retrieve these payloads, and return them to Earth. This project

marks the first time that direct observation and analysis of the effects of the space environment

on a large number of experiments were performed. The project was designed, fabricated, and

managed by Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

We thank all the photographers who documented this project in such a thorough manner at

Kennedy Space Center, Johnson Space Center, and Langley Research Center. In-flight photographs were taken by Terry J. Hart (with the assistance of Robert L. Crippen, Francis R. "Dick"

Scobee, George D. Nelson, and James D. A. van Hoflen) for the deployment mission and

Marsha S. Ivins (with the assistance of Daniel C. Brandenstein, James D. Wetherbee, G. David

Low, and Bonnie J. Dunbar) for the retrieval mission. Photographs at Kennedy Space Center

were taken by George Shelton. The photographers at Langley Research Center included

William C. Salyer Jr., Frederick D. Jones, Sandra H. Gibbs, and Don W. Ward.

In addition, we thank all those people at Langley who worked so diligently to put together

this publication and the accompanying CD-ROM: William H. C. von Ofenheim, who coordinated the photographic scanning operations and premastering of the CD-ROM; Sharon L.

Jenkins and Zylphia E. Wilkins, Computer Sciences Corporation, who painstakingly completed

the scanning operation for the CD-ROM; Nancianne Judge, who coordinated the effort to electronically enhance and format the images to be used in the black and white publication; Earl E.

Williams, Jr., Margaret P. Hopkins, and Catherine K. Reid, who performed the electronic

enhancements and formatted the black and white images; Jack Holm who established electronic tables for the prepress images; Charles T. Brown, Kennedy Space Center, who located

many of the negatives from Kennedy Space Center: and Lynn Heirnerl and Gail S. McQuigg,

who performed the technical editing. We also thank Ricky Hoff, Mary K. McCaskill,

Rodney P. Adams, and Donna Roper for their input and support during this project.

The CD-ROM, which accompanies this publication, conforms to the ISO (International

Standards Organization) 9660 standards to ensure compatibility across computer platforms.

The CD-ROM contains the color versions of all photographs that are reproduced in black and

white in this publication. The color photographs were digitized in JPEG (Joint Photographic

Experts Group) format, which is a standardized image compression mechanism written by the

°°.

III
Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is a "lossy" image format. That is, a format that uses

decompressed images that are not identical to the original uncompressed images, but are

designed to depict photographs so that compression anomalies are invisible to the human eye.

The CD-ROM also contains the text files that describe each photograph.

The digitized images have the extension ".JPG" to indicate that they are in JPEG format.

The figures are batched according to the trays that they depict in the report. Numerous commercial packages exist that support the JPEG format;, however, several viewers are available

from the World Wide Web. The following is a list of viewers with locations that are available

on the World Wide Web for certain computer platforms:

For X-Windows Systems

Software: XV

Location: ftp.cis.upenn.edu:/pub/xv/

Software: ImageMagick

Location: ftp.x.org:/contrib/applications/ImageMagick/

Software: Xloadimage

Location: ftp.x.org:/R5contrib/

For IBM PC (Windows) Compatible Systems

Software: ACDSee

Location: ftp.coast.net :/SimTel/win3/graphics/

Software: LView Pro

Location: ftp.coast.net:/S imTel/win3/graphics/

Software: WinECJ

Location: ftp.coast.net:/SimTel/win3/graphics/

For IBM PC (DOS) Compatible Systems

Software: DVPEG

Location: sunee.uwaterloo.ca:/pub/jpeg/viewers/

For IBM PC (OS2) Compatible Systems

Software: JoeView

Location: hobbes.nmsu.edu:/os2/graphics/

Software: PMJPEG

Location: hobbes.nmsu.edu:/os2/graphics/

Software: PMView

Location: hobbes.nmsu.edu:/os2/graphics/

For Macintosh Systems

Software: JPEGView

Location: sumex-aim.stanford.edu:/info-mac/gst/grf/

Software: GIFConverter

Location: mac.archive.umich.edu:/mac/graphics/graphicsutil/

iv
Software: GraphicConverter

Location: sumex-aim.stanford.edu:/info-mac/gst/grf/

The full-resolution versions of each of the images and associated text files are also available on the World Wide Web by using a browser. To access these images, open the following

uniform resource locator (URL) from any browser:

http://lisar.larc.nasa.gov/LISAR/index.html

The LISAR (Langley image scanning, archival, and retrieval) number associated with each

image has been included in the text files for easy search and retrieval.

Also included on the CD-ROM is a table (MATERIAL.TXT) that indicates the materials

that were flown on the LDEF along with their locations. This table was condensed from a table

that was constructed by Carol Kiser (formerly the LDEF Experiments, Systems, and Integration manager) under Langley contract number NAS1-19247 with Boeing Aerospace Operations, Inc. Mr. Kiser also compiled information for this publication. Mr. Robert L. O'Neal

(retired from NASA as the LDEF Project Manager) wrote the text under contract number

NAS1-19000 with Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Company and during his retirement. This

author thanks them for their efforts.

Arlene S. Levine

Contents

Preface ................................................................... iii

Contents .................................................................. vii

Acronyms .................................................................. xi

Introduction ................................................................ 1

Description of LDEF ......................................................... 6

Design and Fabrication ...................................................... 6

Experiment Trays .......................................................... 6

Experiment Systems ........................................................ 7

Experiment Power and Data System .......................................... 7

Experiment Exposure Control Canister ........................................ 7

Batteries ................................................................ 7

Experiment Initiate System ................................................. 7

Grapple Fixtures ........................................................... 7

Thermal Control ........................................................... 8

Attitude Control ............................................................ 9

Experiments ............................................................... 9

Deployment Mission ......................................................... 9

Shipment of LDEF to Kennedy Space Center ..................................... 9

Experiment Integration With Tray ............................................ 10

Tray Integration With LDEF ................................................. l0

Deployment Flight ......................................................... l0

Retrieval Mission ........................................................... 10

Retrieval Planning ......................................................... 10

Retrieval Flight ........................................................... 1 I

Ferry Flight to Kennedy Space Center ......................................... 12

Postflight Operations at Kennedy Space Center .................................. 12

Postflight Observations of Experiment Trays .................................... 13

Postflight Observations of LDEF Structure ...................................... 13

Photographs of Deployment and Retrieval Missions ................................ 14

Fabrication and Launch of LDEF ............................................. 14

Retrieval of LDEF ......................................................... 23

Removal of LDEF From Cargo Bay of Shuttle ................................... 35

Photographs of Experiment Trays .............................................. 46

Tray A 1 ................................................................. 46

Tray A2 ................................................................. 51

Tray A3 ................................................................. 56

vii
Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

A4 ................................................................. 61

A5 ................................................................. 66

A6 ................................................................. 68

A7 ................................................................. 70

A8 ................................................................. 74

A9 ................................................................. 79

A10 ................................................................ 84

All ................................................................ 89

AI2 ................................................................ 94

BI ................................................................. 96

B2 ................................................................. 98

B3 ................................................................ 100

B4 ................................................................ 106

B5 ................................................................ 111

B6 ................................................................ 116

B7 ................................................................ 118

B8 ................................................................ 123

B9 ................................................................ 128

B10 ............................................................... 134

BI1 ............................................................... 138

B12 ............................................................... 140

CI ................................................................ 145

C2 ................................................................ 147

C3 ................................................................ 152

C4 ................................................................ 159

C5 ................................................................ 161

C6 ................................................................ 162

C7 ................................................................ 163

C8 ................................................................ 164

C9 ................................................................ 169

C10 ............................................................... 175

C11 ............................................................... 178

C12 ............................................................... 183

D1 ................................................................ 190

D2 ................................................................ 195

D3 ................................................................ 199

D4 ................................................................ 204

viii
Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

Tray

D5 ................................................................ 210

D6 ................................................................ 215

D7 ................................................................ 220

D8 ................................................................ 225

D9 ................................................................ 230

DI0 ............................................................... 235

D 11 ............................................................... 243

D12 ............................................................... 248

E1 ................................................................ 254

E2 ................................................................ 256

E3 ................................................................ 261

E4 ................................................................ 266

E5 ................................................................ 268

E6 ................................................................ 274

E7 ................................................................ 280

E8 ................................................................ 282

E9 ................................................................ 287

El0 ............................................................... 293

E 11 ............................................................... 299

El2 ............................................................... 301

FI ................................................................ 308

F2 ................................................................ 310

F3 ................................................................ 314

F4 ................................................................ 315

F5 ................................................................ 320

F6 ................................................................ 322

F7 ................................................................ 328

F8 ................................................................ 330

F9 ................................................................ 334

F10 ............................................................... 341

FII ............................................................... 342

F12 ............................................................... 344

G2 ................................................................ 347

G4 ................................................................ 35 i

G6 ................................................................ 352

G8 ................................................................ 355

GI0 ............................................................... 357

ix
Tray GI2 ............................................................... 361

Tray H ! ................................................................ 366

Tray H3 ................................................................ 371

Tray H5 ................................................................ 376

Tray H6 ................................................................ 378

Tray H7 ................................................................ 386

Tray H9 ................................................................ 39 I

Tray HI 1 ............................................................... 396

Tray H 12 ............................................................... 401

Postflight Photographs of Structural Elements Showing Circumferential and

Lengthwise Variation of Discoloration ........................................ 406

Photographs of Selected Areas of Discoloration .................................. 429

References ............................................................... 433
Acronyms

ARC

CERT

CNES

CNRS

CST

CVCHP

DERTS

DFVLR

EECC

EIS

EPDS

ERB

ESA

ESTEC

EUV

FRECOPA

GSFC

1DE

JPEG

JPL

ISC

KSC

I.aRC

LATS

LDEF

LeRC

LISAR

LPSP

MSFC

MTM

O&C

ONERA

OPF

Ames Research Center

Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Toulouse

Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Centre Spatial de Toulouse

Cascade Variable-Conductance Heat Pipe

Direction d'Etudes et de Recherches et Techniques Spatiales

Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fl2Jr Luft- und Raumfahrt

experiment exposure control canisters

experiment initiate system

experiment power and data system

Earth Radiation Budget

European Space Agency

European Space Research and Technology Center

extreme ultraviolet

French cooperative payload

Goddard Space Flight Center

Interplanetary Dust Experiment

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Johnson Space Center

Kennedy Space Center

Langley Research Center

LDEF assembly and transportation system

Long Duration Exposure Facility

Lewis Research Center

Langley image scanning, archival, and retrieval

Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Pianetaire

Marshall Space Flight Center

magnetic tape module

Operations and Control

Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Adrospatiales

Orbiter Processing Facility

xi
RMS

SAEFII

SBR

SCU

STS

UV

VDA

remotemanipulatorsystem

SpacecraftAssemblyandEncapsulationFacility

spacebasedradar

signalconditioningunit

SpaceTransportationSystem

ultraviolet

vapor-depositedaluminum

xii
Introduction

During payload planning in the late 1960's and early 1970's, researchers recognized that the

Space Shuttle, with a capability to place large payloads in orbit, to retrieve these payloads, and

return them to Earth, offered a new and unique opportunity for the investigation of space environmental effects. Previous flight experiments had to rely on sophisticated instrumentation to

relay data to Earth. However, the Space Shuttle could deploy a large spacecraft in Earth orbit

for an extended period, and on a later mission, retrieve and return the spacecraft to Earth for

visual and laboratory analysis.

Langley Research Center (LaRC) and NASA Headquarters discussed an early concept for

such a mission. This early concept was for a recoverable meteoroid experiment to be the primary payload element for a Space Shuttle mission and for the retrieval of the experiment on a

subsequent mission. As payload studies continued within NASA and the scientific community,

it became apparent that an experiment-carrying payload that accommodated many technical

areas would be widely accepted and supported. The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

was approved for development in July of 1974.

The LDEF was developed and the project was managed by LaRC for the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) of NASA. A diverse group of experiments were

selected for the LDEF. These experiments included areas such as ionizing radiation; meteoroid

and debris impacts; cosmic dust; high-altitude atomic oxygen effects on materials; and optical,

mechanical, electronic, and living systems. The experiments described in reference 1 involved

hundreds of investigators from universities, industries, and government laboratories in the

United States, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and

the United Kingdom.

With a full complement of experiments, the LDEF was placed in Earth orbit in April 1984

by the Space Shuttle Challenger and retrieved from orbit more than 5 1/2 years later in January

1990 by the Space Shuttle Columbia. The LDEF was the first experiment-carrying spacecraft

that was flown in space, retrieved, and then returned to Earth. This retrieval enabled investigators to gather data by observation and laboratory analysis of the returned experiments. Extensive preflight, in-flight, and postflight photographic surveys were made of the LDEF and the

experiments. The visual interpretation of the experiment and facility hardware provided an

added dimension to understanding the effects of the space environment.

This publication documents a selected number of preflight, in-flight, and postflight photographs of the facility and the experiments. It also discusses changes in condition caused by

space exposure. Several thousand detailed photographs of the experiments and the facility were

taken; however, the nature of this publication precludes including all the photographs. All survey photographs are listed by number and location in a comprehensive index that is available

from the LDEF Project Office. Table 1 gives experiment titles, sponsors, and tray numbers.

An overview of the LDEF, the experiments, the mission, and the operations is presented in

the following sections for better understanding of the results recorded in the photographs.

Information from several documents was used in compiling this document (refs. I through 8).

Accompanying this black and white publication is a CD-ROM that contains the color version of the figures, the text, a table of materials flown on the LDEF, and the experiment tray

locations. A film scanner, which was connected to a desktop computer, was used to digitize the

negatives. The digitized images were saved as TIFF files with dimensions that are roughly

3K x 3K and 24 bits per pixel. A graphic software package was used to convert the images to

JPEG format. The images are stored on the CD-ROM by figure number.
Table I. LDEF Experiments, Sponsors, and Tray Numbers

Experiment number

AO015

AO019

AO023

AO034

AO038

AO044

AO054

AO056

AO076

AO114

AO133

AO 134

AO135

AO138-1

AO138-2

Experiment and sponsor

Free-Flyer Biostack Experiment

Institute for Flight Medicine, DFVLR

Influence of Extended Exposure in Space

on Mechanical Properties of High-Toughness

Graph re-Epoxy Composite Material

University of Michigan

Multiplc Foil Micmabrasion Package

University of Kent

Atomic Oxygen Stimulated Outgassing

Southern University

NASA MSFC

Interstellar Gas Experiment

NASA JSC

University of Bern

Holographic Data Storage Crystals for LDEF

Georgia Institute of Technology

Space Plasma Voltage High-Voltage Drainage Experiment

TRW Space and Technology Group

Exposure to Space Radiation of High-Performance

Infrared Mullihtyer Filters and Materials

Technology Experiments

University of Reading

British Aerospace Corporation

Cascade Variable-Conductance Heat Pipe

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company

Interaction of Atomic Oxygen With Solid

Surfaces at Orbital Altitudes

The University of Alabama in Huntsville

NASA MSFC

Effect of Space Environment on Space-Based

Radar Phased-Array Antenna

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

Space Exposure of Composite Materials for Large

Space Structures

NASA LaRC

Effect of Space Exposure on Pyroelectric

hffrared Detectors

NASA LaRC

Study of Meteoroid Impact Craters on

Various Materials

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

Attempt at Dust Debris Collection With

Stacked Detectors

CERT/ON ER A- DERTS

Tray number

C2, G2

DI2

C3, C9. DI2. E6, HI1

C3, C9

El2, F6, H6,

H9

E5

B4, DIO

B8. GI2

F9

C3, C9

H7

B9

E5

B3

B3
Experiment number

AO138-3

AO138-4

AO138-5

AO138-6

AOI38-7

AO138-8

AO138-9

AO138-10

AO139A

AO147

AOl71

AOI72

AO175

AO178

Table1.Continued

Experiment andsponsor

ThinMetalFilmandMultilayersExperiment

CNRS

Vacuum-Deposited OpticalCoatingsExperiment

OpticalDivision,MatraS.A.

RuledandHolographicGratingsExperiment

JOBIN-YVONDivision,InstrumentsS.A.

Thermal ControlCoatingsExperiment

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

CNES/CST

OpticalFibers and Components Experiment

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

Effect of Space Exposure of Some Epoxy Matrix

Composites on Their Thermal Expansion

and Mechanical Properties

Space Division, Matra S. A.

The Effect of the Space Environment on

Composite Materials

A6rospatiale

Microwelding of Various Metallic Materials

Under Ultravacuum

A6rospatiale

Growth of Crystals From Solutions in Low Gravity

Rockwell International Science Center

Technical University of Denmark

Passive Exposure of Earth Radiation Budget

Experiment Components

The Eppley Laboratory, Inc.

Solar Array Materials Passive LDEF Experiment

NASA MSFC

NASA LeRC

NASA GSFC

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Effects of Solar Radiation on Glasses

NASA MSFC

Vanderbilt University

Evaluation of Long Duration Exposure to the Natural

Space Environment on Graphite-Polyimide and

Graphite-Epoxy Mechanical Properties

Rockwell International Corporation

A High-Resolution Study of Ullraheavy Cosmic

Ray Nuclei

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA, ESTEC

Tray number

B3

LPSP

B3

B3

B3

B3

B3

B3

B3

G6

B8, GI2

A8

D2, GI2

A1, A7

A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7,

C5, C6, C8, CI 1, DI,

D5, D7, D11, E2,

El(), F4
Experiment number

AO180

AO187-1

AO 187-2

AO 189

AO201

MOO01

M0002-1

M0002-2

M0003

M0004

MOO06

PO003

Table 1. Continued

Experiment and sponsor

The Effect of Space Environment Exposure on the

Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

University of Toronto

The Chemistry of Micrometeoroids

NASA JSC

University of Washington

Rockwell International Science Center

Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of

Micrometeoroids by Secondary Ion Mass

Spectrometry

McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences

Max-Phmck Institute ['or Nuclear Physics

Munich Technical University

Ernst-Math Institute

Dornier System Manufacturing Company

Study of Factors Determining the Radiation

Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Oscillators

Martin Marietta Laboratories

Interplanetary Dust Experiment

Institute l_r Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Heavy Ions in Space

Naval Research Laboratory

Trapped Proton Energy Spectrum Determination

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory

NASA MSFC

Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center

Clarkson College of Technology

Emmanuel College

Eastern Kentucky University

Measurement of Heavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei on LDEF

University of Kiel

Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials

The Aerospace Corporation

Space Environment Effects on Fiber Optics Systems

Air Force Weapons Laboratory

Space Environment Effects

Air Force Technical Applications Center

Perkin-Ehncr

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

The City College

LDEF Thermal Measurements System

NASA LaRC

Tray number

DI2

A3, All

C2, E3, E8

D2

B I2, C3, C9, D6.

GI0, HII

H3, HI2

D3, D9, GI2

E6

D3, D4, DS, D9

F8

C2

Center Ring

4
Table1.Concluded

Experiment number

P0004-1

P0004-2

P0005

PO006

SO001

SO010

SO014

S0050

S0050- I

S0050-2

S0069

S0109

S1001

S 1002

SI003

S 1005

S 1006

Experiment and sponsor

Seeds in Space Experiment

George W. Park Seed Company, Inc.

Space-Exposed Experiment Developed for Students

NASA Headquarters

Space Aging of Solid Rocket Materials

Morton-Thiokol, Inc.

Linear Energy Transfer Spectrum Measuremeni

Experiment

University of San Francisco

NASA MSFC

Space Debris Impact Experiment

NASA LaRC

Exposure of Spacecraft Coatings

NASA LaRC

Advanced Photovoltaic Experiment

NASA LeRC

Investigation of the Effects of Long Duration

Exposure on Active Optical System Components

Georgia Institute of Technology

Investigation of the Effects of Long Duration

Exposure on Active Optical Materials and

UV Deteclors

NASA LaRC

Optical Substrates and Coatings Experiment

NASA LaRC

Thermal Control Surfaces Experiment

NASA MSFC

Fiber Optic Data Transmission Experiment

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Low-Temperature Heat Pipe Experiment Package for LDEF

NASA GSFC

NASA ARC

Invesligation of Critical Surface Degradation

Effects on Coatings and Solar Cells

Developed in Germany

Space Division, Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm

Ion-Beam-Textured and Coated Surfaces Experiment

NASA LeRC

Transverse Flat-Plate Heat Pipe Experiment

NASA MSFC

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

Balloon Materials Degradation

Texas A&M University

Tray number

F2

F2

Center Ring

F2

A5, A6, A I2, B I, B2,

B6, BS, B 11, C4, C7,

D2, D6, El, E4, F7,

E7, Ell, F l, F3, F5,

FI0, FI I,G4, GS, H5

B9

E9

E5

E5

E5

A9

CI2

Fl2, HI

E3

E6

B 10

E6
Description of LDEF

Design and Fabrication

Design guidelines were for LDEF to take advantage of the large weight carrying capability

of the shuttle, expose a maximum surface area, and utilize one half of the Shuttle cargo bay volume. A design goal was to utilize simple, low cost fabrication techniques and commercially

available materials. The result was a 12-sided, 14-ft-diameter, 30-ft-long aluminum open grid

structure. The main load carrying element of the structure was a center ring. Longerons

attached to the center ring spanned the distance between the center ring and end frames. Intercostals placed at intervals spanned the longerons. The structure was equipped with 4 trunnions

(two on the center ring and two on an end support beam) and a keel pin for attachment in the

cargo bay of the Shuttle. The LDEF was also equipped with two grapple fixtures for the remote

manipulator system of the Shuttle. Some of the fabrication sequence is shown in figures I

through 5. The LDEF total weight was approximately 21400 Ibs, which included 8900 lbs of

structural and systems components and 12500 Ibs of trays and experiments.

Prior to final assembly, structural surfaces that faced the interior of LDEF were painted

with Chemglaze Z306 black paint for thermal control. The bolts, fasteners, trunnions, keel pin,

and end support beam spindle were made of nonmagnetic stainless steel.

The LDEF structural configuration with locations of the experiments is shown in figure 6.

For mounting experiment trays, the structure had 72 equal-sized rectangular openings on the

sides and 14 openings on the ends (6 on the Earth-facing end and 8 on the space-facing end).

The 12 sides of the structure are numbered rows 1 through 12 in a clockwise direction when

facing the end with the end support beam (the Earth-facing end in orbit). The six longitudinal

locations are identified alphabetically as bays A through F, starting at the end with the support

beam. A tray location is designated by the bay and row numbers, such as AI, B5, or F8. Trays

on the Earth-facing end are designated by the letter G with the locations designated by evennumber clock positions (G2, G4+ G6, G8, GI0, and G12). The space-facing end is designated

by the letter H with the location designations following the same convention (H1, H3, H5, H6,

H7, H9, H 1 I, and Hi2).

Experiment Trays

LDEF experiments were self-contained in trays that were clamped to the facility structure.

The LDEF had 72 peripheral and 14 end experiment trays. To accommodate the diverse experiment requirements and characteristics, the trays were of five standard sizes: 3-in-deep,

6-in-deep, and 12-in-deep peripheral trays and 6-in-deep and 12-in-deep end trays. All trays

were constructed of 6061-T6 anodized aluminum. Figure 7 is a photograph of the three sizes of

peripheral trays. The overall approximate dimensions of these trays were 53 in. by 42 in. The

end trays were slightly smaller in size.

Each tray was attached to the LDEF structure by clamp assemblies. Some of the tray

clamps had white dots (discs) painted on them as a visual aid in an attempt to measure spacecraft motions (pitch, roll, and yaw) from video and photographs made at deployment. The dots

were made of Chemglaze A276 white paint and Chemglaze Z306 black paint. The bottoms of

all tray frames and the sides of all tray walls facing the interior of LDEF were painted with

Chemglaze Z306 black paint for thermal control.

6
Experiment Systems

The LDEF had no telemetry or central power system. Although LDEF was essentially passive, it did supply some tray-contained data processing and recording, experiment environment

control, and battery power to a limited number of experiments.

Experiment Power and Data System. Seven experiment trays had a self-contained experiment power and data system (EPDS) provided by LaRC. These experiments were located in

trays D4, D8, FS, E9, B I0, B12, and F12. The EPDS was designed to provide data collection

and storage for those experiments with such a requirement. The EPDS consists of a data processor controller assembly, a magnetic tape module (MTM), and a primary battery source. The

MTM provided storage of approximately 14 megabits of data. Data recorded during flight was

retrieved postflight after experiment and systems were removed. Electrical power was supplied

by batteries in each of the seven trays.

Experiment Exposure Control Canister. Five experiment trays had experiment exposure

control canisters (EECC) provided by LaRC. They were located in trays C2, E3, D4, DS,

and B9. The EECC were self-contained automated experiment canisters capable of opening

and closing during flight. The schedule of opening and closing was programmed before flight.

Electrical power was supplied by batteries located in each of the five trays. The canisters were

closed before flight and remained closed until cycled while in orbit.

Batteries. The lithium sulphur dioxide (LiSO2) batteries used on LDEF were developed by

LaRC and provided to experimenters. The batteries had three nominal capacities: 7.5, 12, and

28 volts. A 7.5-volt battery provided power to each EPDS and a 12-volt battery provided power

for each tape recorder. Power was supplied to each EECC by 7.5-volt and 28-volt batteries.

Batteries of each capacity were used as required to power experiments. Other batteries

were used on two experiments. Nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries were used on the LowTemperature Heat Pipe Experiment (S1001) in tray F12 and lithium carbon fluoride (LiCF0)

batteries were used on the Thermal Control Surfaces Experiment (S0069) located in tray A9.

Experiment Initiate System. The experiment initiate system (EIS) was designed to send an

on (set) or an off (reset) signal to each active experiment when microswitches located on the

rigidize sensing grapple fixture were activated. The EIS was self-contained and had no interface with the Shuttle. Status indicators, which were located in tray C10 in view of the RMS

wrist camera, would be white to indicate "set" (on) or black to indicate "reset" to indicate (off).

These indicators are visible in photographs of that experiment tray. The EIS was turned on in

orbit prior to LDEF deployment by cycling the rigidize sensing grapple fixture with the Shuttle

RMS while LDEF was still latched in the bay. It was originally planned to deactivate the EIS

after retrieval and LDEF had been latched in the bay; however, due to the extended length of

the mission, the existing "set" status was preserved so that systems studies of long term effects

could be conducted after tray removal.

Grapple Fixtures

The LDEF had two grapple fixtures each located in part of a 6-in-deep experiment tray.

These fixtures were standard Space Transportation System (STS) hardware items provided by

NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) and served as the interface between the LDEF and the

'4

• ,6 .
Shuttle RMS. A standard grapple fixture was located in tray C I and a rigidize sensing grapple

fixture was located in tray C10.

The standard grapple fixture in tray C I was used for deployment and retrieval of LDEF by

the RMS. The chevron painted in the bottom of the tray is a visual aid for the crew to use for

LDEF retrieval. The grapple target on either fixture aids the RMS operator in positioning the

end effector over the grapple spike for capture.

The rigidize sensing grapple fixture in tray C I0 differed from the standard fixture in that

the grapple spike of the rigidize sensing grapple was spring loaded and moved approximately

1 in. during the RMS end effector rigidization. This movement of the grapple spike shaft activated microswitches in the EIS circuit. This feature allowed the fixture to be utilized as an on

and off switch for the EIS.

Thermal Control

The LDEF thermal design was completely passive. The design relied on surface coatings

and internal heat paths for temperature control and equalization. The thermal modeling and

design of the LDEF and the flight results are covered extensively in references 2 through 5.

The gravity gradient stabilization of LDEF with one end pointing toward Earth and the

maintaining of a leading and trailing side (row 9 leading and row 3 trailing) resulted in unique

thermal environments for experiments around the periphery. The thermal environment for all

experiments varied due to the occurrence once per orbit of day and night, precession of the

LDEF orbit, and the yearly cycle of solar angle. The attitude of LDEF caused experiments in

rows 1 I, 12, and I or rows 4, 5, and 6 to face the sun or space for extended periods of time.

The primary means of achieving temperature control of the LDEF and the experiments was

by the placement of experiments on the facility and the selection of thermal control coatings.

Over 90 percent of the interior surfaces were painted with Chemglaze Z306 high emissivity

black paint (e = 0.90). This paint minimized any circumferential thermal gradients and maximized the radiation heat transfer across the facility (ref. 2). A photograph of the interior of the

facility is shown in figure 670. As discussed in reference 2, the even distribution of experiments with given thermal properties was the primary method of thermal control of LDEF.

Experiments were placed in a checkerboard arrangement to equalize thermal properties over

the surfaces of LDEF. The placement and the thermal properties of the anodized surfaces of the

trays for the Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001) was the major thermal design variable.

The surface of these trays and that of the aluminum structure and experiment tray flanges of the

LDEF were over 50 percent of the thermal control surface area. The external thermal properties

of the tray flanges and the witness plates of experiment $0001 were left undefined until the

experiment complement was defined. Using the thermal model of the LDEF, the required thermal properties of these surfaces were determined. The tray flanges and surfaces of experiment

S0001 were then chromic anodized to provide the required properties.

The prelaunch, launch, and in-flight environment of the Shuttle cargo bay was maintained

at temperatures less extreme than the free-flying environment of the LDEF. The heat soak and

resultant temperature increase after landing was maintained within acceptable limits by preconditioning the large mass of LDEF prior to reentry and by ground purge cooling after landing.
Attitude Control

The LDEF had no active attitude control system; instead, it relied on gravity gradient

torques and preselected moment of inertia ratios to provide the control. Gravity gradient

torques maintained the LDEF in a position in which the axis of minimum moment of inertia

was aligned with the local vertical. This alignment resulted in one end of LDEF always pointing toward the Earth and the other end always pointing toward space. Coupling torques from

small preestablished differences in the transverse moments of inertia stabilized the facility

about its longitudinal axis and resulted in one side always pointing in the direction of flight.

Such coupling torques are discussed in reference 6. The LDEF was precisely positioned by the

RMS and released with its longitudinal axis aligned with the local vertical and preferred end

facing Earth. Row 9 was facing in the direction of the velocity vector as the preferred leading

side. Figure 8 illustrates the LDEF orientation in orbit.

A viscous magnetic rate damper was selected to provide damping should significant

motions occur at LDEF deployment. Such damping would ensure capture in a gravity gradient

with one end toward earth. Dampers of this type had been successfully flown on other spacecraft. Comprehensive stability analyses of the LDEF were conducted to define damper performance requirements and are reported in references 7 and 8. The damper that was flown is

shown in a postflight photograph in figure 63.

For the relatively brief period of observations by the flight crew after deployment of the

LDEF, no significant motions were apparent. The results of postflight analyses discussed in

reference 9 indicated that the LDEF was yawed slightly from the attitude of row 9 facing forward during the mission. The yaw angle was approximately 8° clockwise when viewed from

the space end. This angle represented a leading edge bias from the row 9 side slightly toward

row I 0. Analyses also indicated that the LDEF had a slight pitch with the space end of the forward facing side canted forward approximately 2 ° .

Experiments

Table I lists the LDEF experiment complement with the respective sponsors and tray numbers. Figure 9 shows the location of each experiment on LDEF. These experiments addressed

areas such as ionizing radiation; meteoroid and debris impacts; cosmic dust; high-altitude

atomic oxygen effects on materials; and optical, mechanical, electronic, and living systems.

The 57 experiments selected for LDEF involved several hundred investigators frorn universities, industries, and government laboratories in the United States and many foreign countries.

Deployment Mission

Shipment of LDEF to Kennedy Space Center

The last task in the fabrication of LDEF at LaRC was installation and checkout of the

experiment initiate system and the experiment interconnect wiring harness (fig. 5). After the

Preship Readiness Review, the facility was shipped to KSC on the Landing Craft Utility (LCU)

inside the environmentally controlled (hurnidity and temperature) LDEF Assembly and Transportation System (LATS). The LDEF arrived at KSC on June 21, 1983 and was placed in temporary storage to await the start of integration operations.

9
Experiment Integration With Tray

Experiments were integrated with trays either at LaRC or at experimenters' facilities. After

integration, all trays were certified by vibration tests approved by STS to verify structural

integrity and safety for flight. After testing, all experiments were shipped to KSC for integration with the LDEF. Experiments were shipped in sealed containers with a dry nitrogen

atmosphere.

Tray Integration With LDEF

The shipment of all flight hardware and associated ground support equipment to KSC was

completed in October of 1983. Activities to prepare LDEF for launch began on November 1.

Activities for LDEF integration were conducted in the KSC Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility II (SAEF II). The LATS with the LDEF inside was moved into the SAEF II

clean room along with experiment tray shipping containers. Each experiment tray was

inspected, photographed, and installed on the LDEF and the EIS was checked.

Photographs taken of the experiment trays and photographs of the facility after experiment

tray integration are a part of this document. Overall views of the LDEF after experiment installation are shown in figures 10 through 13. After experiment trays and other systems were

installed, the LDEF was weighed. The center of gravity was established and adjusted to within

preselected limits by adding lead ballast plates to the interior of the end frames.

The LATS cover was reinstalled after integration was complete. The LATS with the LDEF

inside was transported to the KSC Operations and Checkout (O & C) building where the LDEF

was installed in the KSC Payload Canister. In March 1984, the LDEF and the Solar Max Repair

Module were inserted into the Shuttle cargo bay at the launch pad. Figure 14 shows this

operation.

Deployment Flight

The STS 41-C flight was launched on April 6, 1984. Figure 15 is a photograph of the liftoff.

On April 7, the RMS was used to activate the EIS and then to deploy the LDEF in a gravity gradient stabilized attitude. Figure 16 shows the LDEF on the RMS arm after removal from the

cargo bay with the Florida peninsula visible in the background. The LDEF was deployed in a

near-circular orbit at an altitude of 257 n.mi. Figure 17 is a photograph of the LDEF soon after

release. After release, the Shuttle was maneuvered away from the LDEF to minimize any contamination by the Shuttle propulsion or reaction control system. While the LDEF was visible,

the Shuttle crew noted no unwanted facility motions.

After completion of the repair and redeployment of the Solar Max satellite, the shuttle

landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Figure 18 is a photograph of the landing.

Retrieval Mission

Retrieval Planning

When LDEF was launched in April 1984, the retrieval was scheduled for March 19, 1985,

on STS 51-D. In early February 1985 shortly before the scheduled retrieval, the flight manifest was changed to accommodate another payload and the LDEF retrieval was delayed

10
indefinitely. In January 1986 the Challenger accident resulted in all Shuttle flights being temporarily halted.

When it became apparent that the LDEF retrieval would be delayed by years, orbit lifetime

studies were initiated at LaRC and JSC to better plan the retrieval. The results of these studies

are discussed in reference 9. In August 1986, LaRC studies indicated that LDEF reentry could

occur between fall 1990 and spring or summer 1991. A large uncertainty was the effect of the

solar flux expected from solar cycle 22. The first post-Challenger manifest published in March

1988 scheduled the LDEF retrieval on STS 32 in July 1989. The August 1988 manifest scheduled the STS 32 launch in November of 1989. This launch date appeared to be an adequate

margin of approximately 1 year in orbit lifetime.

As discussed in reference 9, the LDEF was launched at a time of near-minimum activity in

the l l-year solar cycle. Because of delays, the retrieval would be near the time of nearmaximum solar activity. In early 1988, it was becoming apparent that solar cycle 22 was more

severe than normal and was resulting in a significant decrease in orbital lifetime expectancy. In

June 1989, the reentry was predicted to be late January 1990. Since the retrieval flight was now

scheduled for December 18, 1989, concern for the successful retrieval of LDEF was mounting.

In December 1989, problems with refurbishment of the launch pad caused the launch date to be

rescheduled for January 8, 1990. After a one day delay due to weather, the retrieval mission

was launched on January 9, 1990. The LDEF was retrieved on January 12, some 58 months

later than originally planned in 1984. The history of the orbit altitude and the decay rate for the

late stages of the mission is discussed in reference 9.

Retrieval Flight

The LDEF retrieval mission included the deployment of SYNCOM IV-5, and a mid-deck

experiment with the IMAX camera. The Interim Operational Contamination Monitor (IOCM)

was carried in the cargo bay and provided quantitative data on the environmental contamination that was experienced by the LDEF during the retrieval and reentry phases of the mission.

Constraints were placed on the rendezvous operations, proximity operations, and operations

after capture and return of the LDEF to KSC so that the retrieved LDEF would be, as nearly as

possible, in the same condition as it was in space at the end of the 69-month mission.

The retrieval flight was launched into a 190 x 161 n.mi. orbit at an inclination of 28.5 °. Figure 19 is a photograph of the liftoff. The SYNCOM IV-5 was deployed on flight day 2. The

orbit-phasing maneuvers then began for rendezvous with LDEF which was in a circular orbit of

179 n.mi. Figure 20 is a photograph of the LDEF as the Shuttle approached the velocity vector

from below. The planned capture maneuver was for the orbiter to pass 300 ft (actual position

590 ft) in front of the flight path of the LDEF, inverted to a position 300 ft (actual position

230 ft) above LDEF and to descend in this inverted position along the radius vector axis for

capture. This maneuver above the radius vector axis minimized contamination of LDEF by the

firing of the reaction control system (RCS). As the shuttle neared the LDEF, a small solar array

that had recently become dislodged from one of the experiments was seen flying in formation

with LDEF. Figure 21 is a photograph of this array. Figure 22 is a photograph of the LDEF as

the Shuttle approached from above along the radius vector axis with the RMS poised for

the final maneuver to capture. The LDEF was captured, with the grapple fixture in tray C1, at

9:16 a.m. central standard time on orbit 50 over the Atlantic Ocean east of Brazil.

11
After capture, a detailed photographic and visual survey of the LDEF was made. This survey was done to document the condition of each experiment prior to undergoing the rigors of

reentry, landing, and the flight back to KSC. The RMS was used to orient the LDEF so that

photographs of the overall spacecraft and of each experiment tray could systematically be

taken. Photographs were taken using Kodak 5017 (Ektachrome 64) film. The JSC photographic

lab processed the film and provided the project with duplicate negatives and prints. The original processed film is archived at JSC. Selected photographs from this extensive survey are presented in this publication.

Overall views of the LDEF are shown in figures 23 through 41. The detailed photographs

of each tray are shown as a part of the comparative survey.

After completion of the photographic survey, the LDEF was berthed in the cargo bay and

the keel pin latched on orbit 54 at 2:40 p.m. central standard time over the Indian Ocean.

The orbiter was positioned near the end of the 11-day mission to thermally condition the

LDEF so that experiment temperatures during reentry and landing would not exceed in-flight

temperatures. A photograph of the predawn landing on January 20 at Edwards Air Force Base

is shown in figure 42. After landing and roll-out, ground purge of the shuttle payload bay maintained the desired payload bay environment. During the 69 months in orbit, the LDEF had completed 32422 orbits of the Earth and travelled over 741928999 n.mi.

A photographic survey was made of the end of LDEF facing the cargo bay access hatch

prior to the Shuttle being mounted on the ferry aircraft. Figure 43 is an overall view of the

space-facing end of LDEF. Selected detailed photographs from this survey are presented

herein.

Ferry Flight to Kennedy Space Center

Prior to the Shuttle being mounted on the terry aircraft, special instrumentation was placed

in the cargo bay to monitor and record environmental conditions during the ferry flight to KSC.

The ferry flight, which included three 747 refueling stops and an overnight stay, was completed on January 26. To maintain LDEF experiments and systems in the as-retrieved condition, a purge of the cargo bay was used at the intermediate stops on the ferry flight and during

the demate and tow to the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) at KSC. The transfer to the OPF

on January 27 started the "on-line" processing at KSC.

Postflight Operations at Kennedy Space Center

Figures 44 and 45 show operations in the KSC OPF where the LDEF was removed from the

orbiter cargo bay and placed in the Payload Canister for transfer to the O & C building. During

operations in the OPF, many photographs were taken of the facility as well as each visible

experiment tray. Some of these photographs are presented herein.

After LDEF was transferred to SAEF II for deintegration operations, a photographic survey

was made of the facility and the individual experiment trays before disassembly began.

Figures 46 through 59 show views of the facility which may be compared with preflight photographs. Some individual tray photographs are shown as a part of the comparative survey. Figures 60 and 61 are photographs of the LDEF after most trays had been removed. Figures 62

and 63 show the damper protective cover and the damper after removal from LDEF.

12
Postflight Observations of Experiment Trays

After experiment trays were removed from the LDEF, detailed photographs were made of

each tray. Many of these photographs are presented for comparison with preflight and in-flight

photographs in figures 64 through 623.

Visual evidence of contamination was found on experiments, trays, and the facility. The

LDEF was found to have a light brown coating on many of these surfaces. The contamination

was more concentrated in some areas than in others. Surfaces on the leading side of LDEF, the

side facing forward in flight, were "cleaner." Indications were that surfaces that had become

contaminated were cleaned to a degree by atomic oxygen, which was encountered in the final

low altitude phase of the mission.

It was difficult to consistently ascertain the presence or degree of contamination on anodized aluminum surfaces. The visibility of this contamination depended greatly on the lighting,

the lighting angle, and the camera angle. The most reliable method of judging the presence and

the variation of contamination was to use the white dots on the tray clamps as a reference. The

dots in the photographs that were taken in flight are white on the forward facing rows of experiments and dark brown on the trays facing in the trailing direction.

Postflight Observations of LDEF Structure

Many photographs recorded the condition of all facility interior and exterior surfaces. Postflight inspection of the interior surfaces showed varying patterns of discoloration. Photographs

were taken of the Iongeron interior surfaces to show how these discolorations varied around

the periphery and along the length of LDEF. These photographs are shown in figures 624

through 668. Evidence of contamination observed on a few other surfaces are shown in

figures 669 through 675.

13
Photographs of Deployment and Retrieval Missions

Fabrication and Launch of LDEF

Figure 1 (Preflight). In this figure, the LDEF center ring fabrication is shown as it nears

completion in the fabrication shop at LaRC in 1977. The center ring was heat-treated and

drilled for trunnions. A keel pin and the interior surfaces were painted before final assembly of

the facility. This ring was the principal load-carrying element of the LDEF.

Figure 1

Photo No.: L77-07820

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00717

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Fabrication Shop in Building 1232

Subject: Fabrication of Center Ring

Figure 2 (Preflight). Longerons were bolted to the center ring for the initial structure

buildup. Interfacing elements of the center ring and longerons had been match drilled and

marked to ensure a proper fit in the final assembly.

Figure 2

Photo No.: L78-03258

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00325

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Fabrication Shop in Building 1232

Subject: Preliminary Assembly of LDEF

14
Figure 3 (Preflight). In this figure, the initial buildup of half of the LDEF has been completed. This buildup was then disassembled, the center ring was turned over, and the other half

of the LDEF was drilled and assembled. After disassembly, the interior-facing surfaces of all

structural elements were painted with high-emissivity black paint for thermal control in flight.

Figure 3

Photo No.: L78-03484

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00374

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Fabrication Shop in Building 1232

Subject: Preliminary Assembly of LDEF

Figure 4 (Preflight). This photograph shows the final buildup of the facility on LATS as it

was nearing completion in the fabrication shop. Covers and wrappings protected the surfaces

from damage.

Figure 4

Photo No.: L78-05723

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00388

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Fabrication Shop in Building 1232

Subject: Final Assembly of LDEF

15
Figure 5 (Preflight). The wiring harness was installed prior to shipment of the facility to

KSC. The wiring harness connected the experiment initiate system to the appropriate experiment trays and interconnected some experiment trays.

Figure 5

Photo No.: L83-02796

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00702

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Building 1250

Subject: Installation of Wiring Harness

Figure 6 (Preflight). A sketch shows the identification and the location of experiment

trays on the LDEF. Other pertinent features are also noted.

LDEF EXPERIMENT TRAY IOENTIRCAI10N MOOEL

Figure 6

Photo No.: L95-01323

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00557

Photo Credit: LaRC

Subject: Sketch of Experiment Identification Logic

16
Figure 7 (Preflight). The LDEF had 72 peripheral and 14 end experiment trays that were

clamped to the facility structure. The standard depth sizes were 3 in., 6 in., and 12 in. for the

peripheral trays and 6 in. and 12 in. for the end trays. This photograph shows the three sizes of

peripheral trays. The approximate length and width dimensions were 53 in. by 42 in. The end

trays were slightly smaller. The surfaces facing the interior of the LDEF were painted with

high-emissivity black paint for thermal control.

;!2 • .....

Figure 7

Photo No.: L76-03431

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00716

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: LaRC Fabrication Shop in Building 1232

Subject: Sizes of Peripheral Experiment Trays

 ̧7 ̧ ̧ ̧ ̧!!i_i !  ̧ ̧ ̧ ̧ ̧• • (i ii!!_i_i....

Figure 8 (Preflight). The LDEF did not have an active attitude control system. Gravity gradient torques and preestablished differences in transverse moments of inertia resulted in one

end pointing toward Earth and a preferred leading side. This photograph illustrates the LDEF

orientation in flight.

i.I)1_orl_al

Figure 8

Photo No.: L91-00652

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00590

Photo Credit: LaRC

Subject: Orbital Attitude of LDEF

17
Figure 9 (Preflight). Experiment locations on the LDEF are shown in this sketch.

LDEF EXPERIIIENT INTEGRATIOR NOOEL

.....f _ " , ,

" .... ' "' i_: " i" i

Figure 9

Photo No.: L95-001324

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00560

Photo Credit: LaRC

Subject: Experiment Locations

Figure 10 (Preflight). In this figure, a preflight photograph of the LDEF on the LATS in

the SAEF II at KSC provides a side view of bays A through F in rows 2 through 5 after experiment installation.

Figure 10

Photo No.: KSC-384C-419.17

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-07237

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00587

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: In SAEF ll at KSC

Subject: Experiments Installed in Bays A Through F

in Rows 2 Through 5

18
Figure 11 (Preflight). In this figure, a preflight photograph, which was taken of the LDEF

on the LATS, provides a side view of the LDEF bays A through F in rows 6 through 9 after

experiment installation.

Figure 11

Photo No.: KSC-384C-419.29

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-07249

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00558

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: In SAEF I! at KSC

Subject: Experiments Installed in Bays A Through F

in Rows 6 Through 9

Figure 12 (Preflight). A preflight photograph, which was taken of the LDEF on the LATS,

provides a side view of the LDEF bays A through F in rows 10, 11, 12, and 1 after experiment

installation.

Figure 12

Photo No.: KSC-384C-419.41

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-07261

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00588

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: In SAEF II at KSC

Subject: Experiments Installed in Bays A Through F

in Rows 10, 11, 12, and 1

19
Figure 13 (Preflight). A preflight photograph, which was taken of the LDEF on the LATS,

provides a view of the space end of the LDEF after experiment installation.

_i!i!!i!

Figure 13

Photo No.: KSC-384C-419.47

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-07267

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00589

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: In SAEF I1 at KSC

Subject: Space End of LDEF With Experiments

Installed

Figure 14 (Preflight). In this photograph, the LDEF and the Solar Max Repair Module are

being inserted into the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle at the launch pad.

Figure 14

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-07465

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00326

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: KSC Launch Pad

Subject: LDEF and Solar Max Repair Module

Insertion Into Cargo Bay

2O
Figure 15 (Preflight). The Challeneer lifted off on mission STS 41-C in April 198,4. During this mission, the LDEF was deployed and the Solar Max satellite was retrieved, repaired,

and redeployed.

Figure 15

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-05648

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00475

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: KSC Launch Pad

Subject: Liftoff of Challenger

Figure 16 (In Flight). In this photograph, the Challenqer is passing over Florida. The

LDEF is on the RMS in preparation for deployment, which occurred approximately threequarters of an orbit later.

Figure 16

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-04323

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00474

Photo Credit: JSC

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS

21
Figure 17 (In Flight). This photograph shows the LDEF after it was deployed above the

sunlit ocean and the clouds north of Hawaii.

Figure 17

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-04319

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00473

Photo Credit: JSC

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF After Deployment

Figure 18 (Postflight). The Challenger is shown as it touched down on the dry lake bed at

Edwards Air Force Base, California. This touch down ended the STS 41-C mission to deploy

the LDEF and to retrieve, repair, and redeploy the Solar Max satellite.

Figure 18

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-04312

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00718

Photo Credit: JSC

Location: Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.

Subject: Touchdown of Challenfer

22
Retrieval of LDEF

Figure 19 (Preflight). The Space Shuttle Columhia is shown lifting off from launch

pad 39-A on January 9, 1990 on the STS 32 mission to deploy SYNCOM IV-5 and to retrieve

the LDEF.

Figure 19

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13199

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00476

Photo Credit: KSC

Location: KSC Launch Pad

Subject: Liftoff of Columbia

Figure 20 (In Flight). This photograph shows the LDEF from a view approaching the

velocity vector at a range of approximately 590 ft. This view of the LDEF looks into row 9 and

shows the leading edge and an oblique view of the Earth-facing end.

Figure 20

Photo No.: $32-77-006

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10402

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00082

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: View of LDEF from Columbia

23
Figure 21 (In Flight). A solar cell array, which was dislodged from experiment tray A8, is

shown as it flies in tormation with the LDEF.

Figure 21

Photo No.: $32-77-017

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10403

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00083

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Solar Cell Array From Tray A8

Figure22 (In Flight). This figure shows the space end of the LDEF as Columbia

descended with the RMS poised to complete the capture maneuver. The Earth and clouds are in

the background. Note the extensive damage to the thermal covers of experiment M0001. The

aft flight deck window frame obscures an area along the leli side of the photograph.

Figure 22

Photo No.: $32-85-O08

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10468

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00102

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Capture of LDEF

24
Figure 23 (In Flight). Here we see bays A through F in rows ! through 5 with the LDEF

on the RMS and the Earth in the background.

Figure 23

Photo No.: $32-85-039

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10475

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00107

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: !/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Bays A Through F in Rows I Through 5

With Earth in Background

Figure 24 (In Flight). This view shows the space end of the LDEF during berthing in the

cargo bay of the orbiter with the RMS. Note the damage to the thermal covers of the experiment M0001 and the prominent brown discolorations on other experiment hardware.

Figure 24

Photo No.: $32-82-060

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10466

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00101

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF With Space End in Foreground

During Berthing in Cargo Bay

25
Figure 25 (In Flight). This oblique view is of the LDEF on the RMS with the space end in

the foreground. Note the damaged thermal covers of experiment M0001. The orbiter vertical

stabilizer and one of the orbiter maneuvering system (OMS) pods are in the left of the

photograph.

Figure 25

Photo No.: $32-77-041

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10410

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00084

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS With Space End in

Foreground

Figure 26 (In Flight). This view shows the Earth-facing end of the LDEF on the RMS with

the cloud cover of the Earth as background. Note the brown discolorations on several of the

painted surfaces of the experiments. The orbiter, in the lower left corner of the photograph, is

in the shadow of the LDEF. There is a shadow of the RMS across the left portion of the

photograph.

Figure 26

Photo No.: $32-85-081

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10488

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00126

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS With Earth End in

Foreground

26
Figure 27 (In Flight). This view shows bays A through F in rows I through 5 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The cloud cover over the Earth is in the background. Part of the space end

is obscured by a reflection of the cargo bay liner in the window and the frame of the window

itself. The reflection of the sky and clouds is visible in tray D1, which is near the RMS grapple

fixture.

Figure 27

Photo No.: $32-75-014

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10349

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00079

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through F

in Rows 1 Through 5

Figure 28 (In Flight). This close-up side view shows bays A through E in rows 2

through 5 with the LDEF on the RMS. Direct sun and reflections caused some experiment

details in row 4 to be washed out, while low light levels caused a lack of detail in other rows.

Wrinkles in the thermal screens in tray B3 are prominent. The thermal covers of trays of experiment AOI78 in row 5 show reflections of the Earth and the sky.

!

\

¶

Figure 28

Photo No.: $32-75-008

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10348

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00078

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Close-up of LDEF on RMS Showing

Bays A Through E in Rows 2 Through 5

27
Figure 29 (In Flight). This side view shows trays in bays A through E in rows 3 through 6

with the LDEF on the RMS and the Earth in the background. The dark shading in the left side

of the photograph is the outline of the aft flight deck window of the orbiter. Reflections of the

blue sky and the clouds are evident in the silvered Teflon thermal covers of the experiment

AO178. Note that lighting conditions and sky reflections caused rows 3 and 4 to be more blue.

Figure 29

Photo No.: $32-85-012

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10469

LISAR No.: EL- ! 994-00103

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/9(t

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through E

in Rows 3 Through 6

Figure 30 (In Flight). This side view shows bays D through F in rows 3 through 6 with the

LDEF on the RMS just above the cargo bay of the orbiter. The Earth and horizon are visible in

the background. Reflections of the sky and the clouds in the thermal covers of experiment

AO!78 were somewhat subdued. A reflection of the horizon is visible in the surface of the sensors in tray E3. The photograph has a blue tint; this is probably because of light that came IYom

the sky below.

Figure 30

Photo No.: $32-85-017

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10470

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00104

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays D Through F

in Rows 3 Through 6

28
Figure 31 (In Flight). This side view shows bays B and C in rows 3 through 7 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The bright pink tint along the left side, and to a lesser degree on the photograph in general, is a reflection of the cargo bay liner in the viewing window. Reflections in the

thermal covers of experiment AO178 are visible.

Figure 31

Photo No.: $32-75-003

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10347

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00057

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: !/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Close-up of LDEF on RMS Showing

Bays B and C in Rows 3 Through 7

Figure 32 (In Flight). A side view shows bays A through D in rows 2 through 6 with the

LDEF on the RMS and the Earth in the background. The frame of the aft flight deck window of

the orbiter is visible along the left side of the photograph. Reflections of the sky are visible in

the thermal covers of experiment AO178.

Figure 32

Photo No.: $32-85-025

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10471

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00105

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A

Through D in Rows 2 Through 6

29
Figure 33 (In Flight). This figure is a side view of bays C through F in rows 2 through 6

with the LDEF on the RMS. This view of the LDEF shows the Space Shuttle passing over the

west coast of southern Africa. Note the sand dunes below the RMS and also their reflection in

the thernlal covers of experiment AO!78 in trays F2 and E2. The thermal cover attachment

pads of trays C5, D5, and F4 are also visible.

Figure 33

Photo No.: $32-85-030

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10473

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00106

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays C Through F

in Rows 2 Through 6

Figure 34 (In Flight). This wide-angle view shows bays A through F in rows 1 I, 12, and

1 through 3 with the LDEF on the RMS against a background of the Earth and clouds. The aft

flight deck window frame obscures the upper part of the photograph. Note the clean appearance

of the white paint in row 12 compared with similar paint on experiment hardware in rows 2

and 3. The original bright yellow paint on the trunnion scuff plates on row 3 has darkened

significantly.

Figure 34

Photo No.: $32-85-050

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10479

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00108

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/! 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: Wide-Angle View of LDEF on RMS

Showing Bays A Through F in Rows 1 I, 12,

and 1 Through 3

30
Figure 35 (In Flight). This side view shows bays C through F in rows I1, 12, and

1 through 3 with the LDEF on the RMS. The aft flight deck window frame forms a shadow on

the left edge of the photograph. The Earth with a cloud cover provides the background. Note

the clean appearance of the white paint on the thermal covers in row 12 when compared with

similar paint on the hardware in rows 2 and 3. The white paint dots on the experiment tray

clamp blocks on row 12 appear clean; however, the dots darken progressively as row 3 is

approached. The original bright yellow paint on the trunnion scuff plates on row 3 has darkened

significantly.

Figure 35

Photo No.: $32-85-054

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10480

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00109

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays C Through F

in Rows 11, 12, and I Through 3

Figure 36 (In Flight). This side view shows bays A through D in rows 11, 12, and

1 through 3 with the LDEF on the RMS. The aft flight deck window frame forms a shadow on

the left edge of the photograph and the Earth with a cloud cover provides the background. Note

the clean appearance of the white paint on the thermal covers in row 12 when compared with

similar paint on experiment hardware in rows 2 and 3. The original bright yellow paint on the

trunnion scuff plates on row 3 has darkened significantly.

Figure 36

Photo No. $32-85-056

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10481

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00110

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through D

in Rows 11, 12, and 1 Through 3

31
Figure 37 (In Flight). This figure shows a side view of bays A through F in rows 9

through 12 and 1 with the LDEF on the RMS. The orbiter vertical stabilizer protrudes from the

left edge of the photograph. The right side of the photograph is obscured by the frame of the aft

flight deck window. The peculiar light pattern in the trays in row 11 and the variations along

the row indicate that the cargo bay lights were on.

Figure 37

Photo No.: $32-85-060

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10482

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00111

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through F

in Rows 9 Through 12 and 1

Figure 38 (In Flight). This view shows bays A through F in rows 8 through 12 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The cargo bay of the orbiter is on the left side of the photograph. Either

sunlight reflected from the cargo bay or cargo bay lights illuminate rows 8 and 9.

Figure 38

Photo No.: $32-85-064

Dup. Neg. No.: Lg0-10483

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00125

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through F

in Rows 8 Through 12

32
Figure 39 (In Flight). This view shows bays A through F in rows 4 through 7 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The orbiter is in the left of the photograph and the Earth with a cloud cover

is visible in the background. The retqections of the sky and clouds are visible in the thermal

covers of the trays of experiment AO178.

Figure 39

Photo No.: $32-85-091

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10489

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00127

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through F

in Rows 4 Through 7

Figure 40 (In Flight). This side view shows bays A through C in rows 4 through 7 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The bright pink in the left of the photograph is a reflection of the cargo bay

liner in the viewing window. The aft flight window frame is also visible in the left of the photograph. The Earth, sky, and clouds are visible in the background. Reflections show in the thermal covers of the trays of experiment AOi78. An overall blue tint was probably caused by

reflections of the sky below.

Figure 40

Photo No.: $32-85-093

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10490

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00092

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays A Through C

in Rows 4 Through 7

33
Figure 41 (In Flight). This side view shows bays C through F in rows 4 through 7 with the

LDEF on the RMS. The cargo bay of the orbiter is visible ill the left of the photograph and the

Earth and clouds are in the background. The photograph is dark because of the very shallow

lighting angle. Reflections of the clouds and the sky are evident in the thermal covers of the

trays of experiment AO 178.

Figure 41

Photo No.: $32-85-097

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10491

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00136

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: LDEF on RMS Showing Bays C Through F

in Rows 4 Through 7

Figure 42 (Postflight). With the LDEF onboard, the Columbia touched down in the predawn hours of Jan. 20, 1990 on the runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

Figure 42

Photo No.: Unknown

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13200

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00720

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/20/90

Location: Edwards Air Force Base, California

Subject: Landing of Columbia

34
Removal of LDEF From Cargo Bay of Shuttle

Figure 43 (PostflighO. This view of the space end of the LDEF was taken from the cargo

bay access hatch after the Columl_ia landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. The cargo

bay liner is visible in the bottom of the photograph. The radiators, which are located on the

inside of the orbiter payload bay doors, are visible in the top. The three yellow balls on the aluminum support rods (whiskers) that are fixed in the cargo bay were used for berthing the LDEF

during retrieval operations. A brown discoloration appears to be spread over the surface of the

space end of the LDEF. This discoloration appears to be lighter on the anodized aluminum

thermal panel surfaces and darker on the experiment surfaces that were coated with the

Chemglaze A276 white thermal control paint. The discoloration on the uncoated aluminum

hardware (such as the end frame splice plates) is also darker. The amber and red reflectors

seem to have little apparent degradation.

Figure 43

Photo No.: $32(S)-294

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21201

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00100

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Dryden

Subject: Space End of LDEF Viewed From Cargo

Bay Hatch

Figure 44 (Postflight). In this figure, the orbiter payload bay doors are being opened, thus

allowing the first look at the LDEF at the OPF at KSC.

Figure 44

Photo No.: L90-1082

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00303

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Opening of Orbiter Payload Bay Doors

35
Figure 45 (Postflight). The LDEF has been lifted from the orbiter payload bay in preparation for transfer to the payload canister. The payload canister with the LDEF inside was then

moved to the O & C building.

Figure 45

Photo No.: L90-1087

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00323

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Removal of LDEF From Orbiter

Figure 46 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the space end of lhe LDEF in the SAEF II.

The discoloration in the areas of trays H6 and H9 (containing experiment AO038) and the damage to the thermal covers of experiment MOO01 in trays H3 and HI2 are evident. Note that the

thermal panel below tray H6 has been removed.

Figure 46

Photo No.: L90-1778

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00477

Photo Credit: LaRC

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Space End of LDEF

36
Figure 47 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the Earth end of the LDEF in the SAEF lI.

Some discoloration of the thermal panels on the left side of the photograph is visible. This area

was affected by the end support beam in flight, which was removed when this photograph was

made. The canister on the stand adjacent to tray G8 was part of the instrumentation setup for

radiation measurements.

Figure 47

Photo No.: KSC-390C-833.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13364

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00715

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight View of Earth End of LDEF

Figure 48 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF I| prior to the

removal of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 12 and 1 through 3 are visible.

Figure 48

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1065.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13465

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00114

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 12 and 1 Through 3 Prior to Removal

37
Figure 49 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 12 and 1 through 3 are visible.

r!.... II --

Figure 49

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1065.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13466

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00149

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 12 and 1 Through 3 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 50 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 2 through 5 are visible.

Figure 50

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1065.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13461

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00112

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 2 Through 5 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

38
Figure 51 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF I1 prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 2 through 5 are visible.

_ °

Figure 51

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1065.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13462

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00113

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 2 Through 5 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 52 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 4 through 7 are visible.

Figure 52

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1033.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13434

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00304

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 4 Through 7 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

39
Figure 53 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 4 through 7 are visible.

Figure 53

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1033.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13435

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00305

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 4 Through 7 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 54 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF lI prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 6 through 9 are visible.

Figure 54

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1031.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13414

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00289

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 6 Through 9 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

4O
Figure 55 (Postflight). This postflight view is the LDEF in the SAEF lI prior to removal of

the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 6 through 9 are visible.

Figure 55

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1031.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13415

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00290

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 6 Through 9 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 56 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF I1 prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 8 through 11 are visible.

Figure 56

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1029.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13387

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00287

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 8 Through 11 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

41
Figure 57 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 8 through 1 I are visible.

Figure 57

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1029.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13388

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00288

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 8 Through 11 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 58 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays A through C in rows 10 through 12 and I are visible.

Figure 58

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1069.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13485

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00150

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays A Through C in

Rows 10 Through 12 and I Prior to Removal of

Experiments

42
Figure 59 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II prior to removal

of the experiment trays. Bays D through F in rows 10 through 12 and 1 are visible.

D ':m

Figure 59

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1069.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13486

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00063

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Bays D Through F in

Rows 10 Through 12 and 1 Prior to Removal of

Experiments

Figure 60 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II after all experiment trays except the grapple fixture trays were removed. This oblique view is of the Earthfacing end and a side.

Figure 60

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2366.0 l

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17916

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00698

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight View of Earth End of LDEF

With Trays Removed

43
Figure 61 (Postflight). This postflight view is of the LDEF in the SAEF II after all trays

except the grapple fixture trays were removed. This oblique view is of the space end and a side.

Figure 61

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2366.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17921

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00699

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Space End of LDEF

With Trays Removed

Figure 62 (Postflight). This view is of the magnetic damper protective shroud after

removal from the LDEF. This shroud protected the damper from any particles that could be

attracted by the strong magnet and affect the stability of the LDEF. Note the protective tape

over the temperature sensor electrical lead.

Figure 62

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3383.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19010

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00700

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Magnetic Damper

Protective Shroud

44
Figure 63 (Postflight). This photograph is of the magnetically anchored viscous damper

after removal from the LDEF. The bolts that fastened the damper to the fiberglass support

structure have been removed. The damper had a gold coating for thermal control in flight.

Figure 63

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3383.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19015

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00701

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/! 8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of Magnetic Damper After

Removal From LDEF

45
Photographs of Experiment Trays

Tray AI

Evaluation of Long Duration Exposure to the Natural Space Environment on GraphitePolyimide and Graphite-Epoxy Mechanical Properties (AO 175)

Rockwell International Corp.

Trays: A1 and A7

The objective of this passive experiment was the accumulation of operational data from

exposure of graphite-polyimide and graphite-epoxy material to the space environment.

Figure 64 (Preflight). This photograph shows a graphite-epoxy honeycomb panel in the

lower half of the tray, a graphite-epoxy panel in the upper right section, and two graphitepolyimide panels (one in the upper center and one in the upper left).

Figure 64

Photo No.: KSC-384C-221.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7083

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00369

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: i/! 3/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey Panel Position in Tray A l

46
Figure 65 (In Flight). The test panel discoloration pattern visible in the prelaunch photograph remained unchanged. The identification numbers on all panels changed to a light brown.

The ripple patterns on the polyimide panels were the result of manulacturing techniques and

were not caused by exposure to space.

Figure 65

Photo No.: $32-78-029

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10430

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00006

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Panels in Tray AI

Figure 66 (Postflight). This photograph shows considerably more detail than the in-flight

photograph. The horizontal lines on the honeycomb panel that appear to be cracks from space

exposure are fine lines of excess epoxy resin that were formed during the manufacturing bagging and curing process. The harsh white of the epoxy adhesive along the rivet lines is from the

lighting conditions in the OPF. The greater detail shows that a stain exists at most composite

and mounting strip interfaces.

Figure 66

Photo No.: KSC-390C-609.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17828

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00119

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Panels in Tray A 1

47
Figure 67 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper left one-sixth of the tray

shows the ripple pattern in the polyimide panel. The brown discolorations on the aluminum

retaining strips are prominent.

Figure 67

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2891

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00511

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Polyimide Panel in

Tray A 1

Figure 68 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper center one-sixth of the tray

shows the ripple and the texture pattern of the polyimide test panel. The discoloration at the

retaining strip and the test panel interlace is visible.

Figure 68

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2892

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-(10512

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Polyimide Panel in

Tray A l

48
Figure 69 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper right one-sixth of the tray

shows the honeycomb pattern in the graphite-epoxy test panel. Light reflections caused the

right side, especially the lower section, of the panel to be somewhat lighter than the rest of the

panel. Discoloration spots on the aluminum retaining strips are visible.

Figure 69

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2893

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-0059 l

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Graphite-Epoxy Panel

in Tray A l

Figure 70 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower left one-sixth of the tray

shows a portion of the graphite-epoxy test panel. The lighter spots around the upper and lower

edges are the result of repairs that were made to the test panels after manufacture and are

not due to any effects of the space exposure. The honeycomb pattern of the panel structure is

visible.

Figure 70

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2894

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00592

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Graphite-Epoxy Panel

in Tray A1

49
Figure 71 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower center one-sixth of the tray

shows the center portion of the graphite-epoxy test panel. The light spots around the upper and

the lower edges are the result of repairs that were made to the test panels after manufacture and

are not due to any effects of space exposure. The honeycomb pattern of the panel structure is

particularly visible in these spots.

I

Figure 71

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2895

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00593

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF |I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Graphite-Epoxy Panel

in Tray A I

Figure 72 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower right one-sixth of the tray

shows the right portion of the graphite-epoxy test panel. The light spots around the edges are

the result of repairs that were made to the test panels after manufacture and are not due to space

exposure. The honeycomb pattern of the panel structure is particularly visible around these

spots.

Figure 72

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2148. I I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2896

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00706

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Graphite-Epoxy Test

Panel in Tray A1

SO
Tray A2

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, Al0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, DI, D5, D7, D1 l, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO 178.

Figure 73 (In Flight). In this photograph, tray A2 is located in the lower row. The thermal

cover is without visible damage; however, it is more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The

wrinkled spots on the thermal cover are over areas where Velcro pads are bonded to the back of

the cover. The rippled effect around the cover edges occurs between the attachment pads.

Figure 73

Photo No.: $32-77-055

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10414

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00680

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A2

51
Figure 74 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular and undamaged. It is less

taut than in the in-flight photograph. The uniformly located oval spots on the thermal cover are

areas where Velcro pads attach the thermal cover to the support frame; these spots are more

visible than in the prelaunch photograph. The scallop effect around the cover edges occurs

between the attachment pads and shows the upper edge of the support frame. The ground strap

appears to be in place with no visible damage, although it is darker.

Figure 74

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1(166.06

Dup. Neg.: L90-13475

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00387

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/9(I

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Thermal Cover of

Tray A2

Figure 75 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper left one-sixth of the tray

shows a faint pattern of marks similar to brush marks in a top-to-bottom direction. This pattern

is somewhat less specular than other regions. Observation of lhis tray during operations in the

OPF and later in the SAEF lI showed less specular areas on the thermal cover. Some fingerprints on the thermal cover are visible. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the

cover result in various light and color patterns.

Figure 75

Photo. No.: KSC-390C-2333.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2906

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00596

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray A2

52
Figure 76 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper center one-sixth of tray A2

shows an obvious pattern of marks similar to brush marks in a top-to-bottom direction. The pattern is less specular than in other areas. This appearance was present in observations in OPF

and SAEF lI operations. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in

various light and color patterns.

Figure 76

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2333. I1

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2907

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00597

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray A2

Figure 77 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper right one-sixth of tray A2

shows a faint pattern of marks similar to brush marks in a top-to-bottom direction. These marks

are not as prominent as in the left portions of the tray. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns.

Figure 77

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2333.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2908

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00598

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Upper Right of Thermal

Cover of Tray A2

53
Figure 78 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower left one-sixth of tray A2

shows a pattern of marks similar to brush marks in a top-to-bottom direction. The light area in

the upper right is a reflection of photographic lights. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns.

! !!_iiii  ̧ ̧_

Figure 78

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2334.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2913

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00599

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray A2

Figure 79 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower center one-sixth of tray A2

has a bright area in the upper part of the frame that is caused by light reflections. The lower

portions are somewhat darker because of lighting. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns.

! il  ̧

_ i  ̧

il i!!i:+

Figure 79

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2334.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2914

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00600

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray A2

54
Figure 80 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower right one-sixth of tray A2 is

somewhat dark because of lighting. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover

result in various light and color patterns.

Figure 80

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2334.07

Dup. Neg.: L91-2915

LISAR No.: EL- ! 994-0060 I

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Thermal Cover of Tray A2

55
Tray A3

The Chemistry of Micrometeoroids (AO187-1 )

NASA JSC

University of Washington

Rockwell International Science Center

Trays: A3 and A I 1

The objective of this experiment was to retrieve analyzable projectile residue associated

with hypervelocity craters.

Figure 81 (Preflight). This prelaunch photograph shows two clamshell canisters in closed

positions. The canisters house collector surfaces made of 99.99-percent-pure gold sheets that

are 0.5-mm thick. Other smaller samples of A1 (99.999-percent pure), Ti (99.9-percent pure),

Be (99.9-percent pure), Zr (99.8-percent pure), C (99.999-percent pure), Kapton film (a polyimide), and Teflon filters were also exposed.

Figure 81

Photo No.: KSC-384C-300.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7366

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00200

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/20/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Canisters in Closed

Positions in Tray A3

56
Figure 82 (In Flight). The canisters are shown in open positions in the center tray of bay

A. They were expected to open about 2 weeks after launch and close about 11 months into the

mission. All exposed materials are secure and no damage is evident. Contamination stain coats

the tray flanges and the aluminum canister hardware. The end support beam scuff plate in the

photograph was a bright yellow prior to launch, but it is now a much darker mustard yellow

alter space exposure.

Figure 82

Photo No.: $32-77-055

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10414

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00680

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A3

Figure 83 (Postflight). The experiment is shown in the postflight configuration before the

canisters were closed with ground support equipment that bypassed the onboard electronic circuits. There is no visible damage. The reflection of a video camera on a tripod and light sources

are visible in the surfaces of the gold foil.

Figure 83

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1764. l0

Dup. Neg.: L91-7553

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00266

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A3

57
Figure 84 (Postflight). The experiment canisters are shown after being closed by ground

support equipment. The experiment hardware has no damage.

Figure 84

Photo No.: KSC-390C- !843.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7590

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00280

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Closed Canisters in

Tray A3

Figure 85 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper left one-fourth of the tray shows light

and room reflections in the gold foil. The foil appears to be in preflight condition.

Figure 85

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1764.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7554

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00247

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray A3

58
Figure 86 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper right one-fourth of the tray shows

light and room reflections in the highly reflective gold foil. The foil appears to be in preflight

condition. Photographic lights washed-out details of the test strips along the top of the tray.

Figure 86

Photo No.: KSC-390C- i 764.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7555

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00248

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray A3

Figure 87 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower left one-fourth of the tray shows light

and room reflections in the highly reflective gold foil. The foil appears to be in preflight

condition.

Figure 87

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1765.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7557

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00249

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray A3

59
Figure 88 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower right one-fourth of the tray shows

light and room reflections in the highly reflective gold foil. The green is a reflection of the

clean room garments that were worn by nearby personnel. The foil appears to be in preflight

condition.

W,.

Figure 88

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1765.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7558

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00250

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray A3

60
Tray A4

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, DI, D5, D7, D11, E2, El(), and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO178.

Figure 89 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to be specular and undamaged, but it is

more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The wrinkled spots on the thermal cover are areas

where Velcro pads are bonded to the back of the cover. The scalloped effect around the cover

edges occurs between the attachment pads. The ground strap appears to be in place and to have

no visible damage.

Figure 89

Photo No.: $32-77-023

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10406

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00089

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A4

61
Figure 90 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular and undamaged. It

appears less taut than in the in-flight photograph. The uniformly located oval spots on the thermal cover are areas where Velcro pads attached the thermal cover to the support frame. These

attachment pads are more visible than in the prelaunch photograph. The scallop effect around

the cover edges occurs between the attachment pads and shows the upper edge of the support

frame. The ground strap appears to be in place with no visible damage.

Figure 90

Photo No.: KSC-390C-832.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13354

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00174

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Thermal Cover of

Tray A4

Figure 91 (PostflighO. This postflight photograph was taken in SAEF II after the silvered

Teflon thermal cover had been removed. All experiment hardware appears to be in prelaunch

condition and to be securely in place. The three cylindrical pressure vessels that contain the

experiment detectors are shown mounted in the experiment tray. The frame for mounting the

thermal cover is in the foreground. The white rectangles on the frame are Velcro pads bonded

to the frame for attaching the lhermal cover. The Velcro pads are in excellent condition. The

top half of the cylinders and the thermal cover frame were painted black to meet thermal control requirements.

Figure 91

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1761.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7617

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00272

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A4 With Thermal

Cover Removed

62
Figure 92 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular and undamaged. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of

the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads

are obvious.

Figure 92

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1743.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7611

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00240

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray A4

Figure 93 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 93

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1743.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7612

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00241

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray A4

63
Figure 94 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular and undamaged. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of

the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads

are obvious.

Figure 94

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1743.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7613

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00243

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray A4

Figure 95 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular and undamaged. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of

the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads

are obvious.

Figure 95

Photo No.: KSC-39(lC-1743. l0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7614

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00244

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray A4

64
Figure 96 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular and undamaged. The reflective properties of the uneven surface

of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment

pads are obvious.

Figure 96

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1743.1 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7615

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00245

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray A4

Figure 97 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular and undamaged. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of

the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads

are obvious.

Figure 97

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1743.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7616

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00246

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray A4

65
Tray A5

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, Bl, B2, B6, B8, Bit, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell, FI, F3, F5,

F7, F l0, F l l, G4, G8, and H5

The objective of this passive experiment was to determine the population, directionality,

and chemical composition of natural and spacecraft orbital debris.

Figure 98 (Preflight). Because trays dedicated to experiment S0001 (except tray A6,

which had the target for the keel camera) were not photographed prior to flight, a spare tray

was photographed for descriptive purposes. Experiment S0001 consisted of two 3/16-in-thick

chromic-anodized aluminum panels that were mounted in a 3-in-deep peripheral tray. The

panel had two coatings: a thin layer of chromic anodization that faced the exterior and a

Chemglaze-306 black paint that faced the interior. Both coatings contributed significantly to

thermal control of the LDEF. The pink and greenish-gray tints and the vertical stripes on the

two debris panels were by-products of the chromic anodization coating process. The anodization appears to make surface features or markings more visible.

Figure 98

Photo No.: L94-6744

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00478

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 9/27/94

Location: LaRC Photographic Studio

Subject: Preflight Survey of Spare Tray

66
Figure 99 (In Flight). Fingerprints that were observed on the lower tray flange and the

sidewall indicate the lack of proper preflight handling and cleaning. The greenish-gray and

pink tints on the two debris panels are by-products of the chromic anodization coating process

and are not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space environment.

Figure 99

Photo No.: $32-76-079

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10395

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00059

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A5

Figure 100 (Postflight). The greenish-gray and pink tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The fingerprints along the edges of the left panel that were

observed in the in-flight photograph are still visible. Those visible previously along the top

edges have been washed out by the lighting. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 100

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1035.09

Dup. Neg.: L90-13454

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00185

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A5

67
Tray A6

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, BI, B2, B6_ B8, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, EI_ E4, E7, Ell, F1, F3, F5,

F7, F10, Fll, G4, G8, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5"" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

Figure 101 (Preflight). This tray is typical of the other 18 trays dedicated to experiment

S0001 except for the target for the Shuttle keel camera and the reflector. The target and the

reflector were visual aids for berthing the LDEF during retrieval. This photograph of tray A6

and the photograph of the spare flight tray shown in figure 98 can be used to judge the preflight

appearance of the witness plates for experiment S0001. The greenish-gray and pink tints are

by-products of the chromic anodization coating process. The line pattern is due to the rolling

mill operation during manufacturing. The anodization makes such surface features more

visible.

Figure 101

Photo No.: KSC-384C-372.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7210

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00688

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/26/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray A6

68
Figure 102 (In Flight). The pink and greenish-gray tints and the horizontal stripes on the

two debris panels are by-products of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to exposure to the space environment. The blue is due to lighting and is not a true change

in surface color. The brown irregular discolorations along the center edges of the debris panels

appear to be fingerprints from prelaunch handling. The black unit located on the top panel is a

target for the keel camera that was used during the berthing of the LDEF. The stripes and the

tip of the vertical rod of the target for the keel camera appear darker than in the prelaunch photograph. The light band across the top panel is reflected light from the tray sidewall and the

dark band down the right side of the panels is a shadow from the tray sidewall.

Figure 102

Photo No.: $32-76-087

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10396

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00060

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A6

Figure 103 (Postflight). The pink and the greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are

by-products of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination

or exposure to the space environment. The fingerprints along the center edges of the debris

panels that were observed in the in-flight photograph are still visible. The vertical streaks on

the debris panels appear to be the same as on the prelaunch photograph. The stripes and the tip

of the vertical rod of the target for the keel camera appear darker than in the prelaunch photograph. The light band along the right side and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light

reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 103

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1035.(/3

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13448

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00181

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A6

69
Tray A7

Evaluation of Long Duration Exposure to the Natural Space Environment on GraphitePolyimide and Graphite-Epoxy Mechanical Properties (AO 175)

Rockwell International Corp.

Trays: A1 and A7

The objective of this experiment was to accumulate operational data from the exposure of

graphite-polyimide and graphite-epoxy material to the environment of space.

Figure 104 (Preflight). The experiment in this tray consisted of three graphite-polyimide

laminate panels and associated mounting hardware. Each panel occupied one-third of the

LDEF tray: a PMR-15 precured graphite-polyimide panel (T40T30060-009) was in the right

one-third section, an F-178/T300 cocured graphite-polyimide panel (T40T30060-005) was in

the center one-third section, and an F-178/T300 precured graphite-polyimide panel

(T40T30060-001) was in the left one-third section of the tray. Each panel was identified with

yellow markings. The dull gold-colored coating has been scraped from the aluminum mounting

strip near the upper left tray corner. The PMR-15 panel is a unitorm dark brown. The panel has

several off-white marks in the lower right comer. Light grayish-brown discolorations are visible behind the identification number and behind the off-white marks. The F178/T300 cocured

panel is dark brown. The F178/300 precured panel is dark brown and appears to have a lighter

brown area along the vertical center, which extends from the bottom to the top of the panel.

Figure 104

Photo No.: KSC-384C-209.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7071

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00357

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/16/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray A7

7O
Figure 105 (In Flight). In this photograph, the dull gold-colored coating that was

observed on the aluminum mounting strips in the preflight photograph has turned to a medium

brown. The yellow numbers seem darker than in prelaunch conditions, but the white markings

appear the same. There seems to be fine horizontal lines, cracks, and crazing on the surface of

each panel. The PMR-15 panel on the left appears to have changed from brown (at prelaunch)

to light gray. A geometric pattern, probably from the laminating process, is visible on the surface. Scratch marks and abrasions on the lower left edge of panel were on the preflight photographs. The F- 178/T300 cocured panel in the center seems to have changed from dark brown to

light gray. The F-178/T300 precured panel on the right appears to have changed from dark

brown with a lighter brown area along the vertical center to a uniform light gray.

Figure 105

Photo No.: $32-76-095

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10398

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00061

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A7

71
Figure 106 (Postflight). The areas on the aluminum mounting strips where the coating has

been scraped or abraded can be seen in greater detail under the better lighting in this photograph. The coating color remains essentially the same. The yellow numbers seem to be a little

lighter than in the in-flight photograph, but the white markings appear unchanged. The fine

horizontal lines, cracks, and crazing are still visible on the surface of the panels. The PMR-15

panel on the left seems to have a gray haze over the gray brown surface. The scratch marks and

abrasions on the lower left edge of the panel were on the preflight photographs. The geometric

pattern visible in the in-flight photograph is not visible in this photograph. The F-178/T300

cocured panel in the center appears to have changed frorn the light gray in the in-flight photograph to a brownish gray. The F-178/T300 precured panel on the right seems to have changed

to a brownish gray from the light gray visible in the in-flight photograph.

Figure 106

Photo No.: KSC-390C-725.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L92- 1755 l

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00163

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/1/90

Location: KSC O & C building

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A7

Figure 107(Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the two left panels (F-178/T300

precured and F-178/T300 cocured). The yellow numbers appear lighter than in the in-flight

photograph. The fine horizontal lines, cracks, and crazing are still visible on the panel surface.

The F-178/T300 precured panel seems to have changed to a brownish gray from the light gray

visible in the in-flight photograph. The F-178/T300 cocured panel appears to have changed

from the light gray in the in-flight photograph to a brownish gray.

Figure 107

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2145.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7659

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00503

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A7

72
Figure 108 (Postflight). This close-up is of panels F-178/T300 cocured and PMR-15. The

yellow identification numbers appear lighter. The fine horizontal lines, cracks, and crazing are

still visible on the surface of each panel. The F- 178/T300 cocured panel seems to have changed

from the light gray in the in-flight photograph to a brownish gray. The geometric pattern visible

on the PMR-15 panel in flight is not visible in this photograph. A gray haze or dust appears to

cover the gray brown panel surface. Scratch marks and abrasions on the lower left edge of the

panel were on preflight photographs.

Figure 108

Photo No. KSC-390C-2145.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7660

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00504

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A7

Figure 109 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the PMR- 15 panel shows the geometric interference pattern that is visible when viewed from an oblique angle.

Figure 109

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2145.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7661

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00505

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A7

73
Tray A8

Solar Array Materials Passive LDEF Experiment (AO 171 )

NASA MSFC

NASA LeRC

NASA GSFC

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Tray: A8

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the synergistic effects of the space environment on solar array materials, such as solar cells, cover slips with various antireflectance

(AR) coatings, adhesives, encapsulants, reflector materials, substrate strength materials, mast

and harness materials, structural composites, and thermal control treatments.

Figure 110 (Preflight). Six plates of passive components, provided by various organizations and designated plates I through VI, were mounted in the tray. Plate 1, located in the upper

right comer, consisted of a combination of solar cells with and without covers, solar cell modules, and solar arrays assembled on the baseplate. Plate II, located in the upper center section,

had 27 composite samples (carbon fiber and glass fiber) mounted on the baseplate. Plate Ill, in

the upper left corner, consisted mostly of metallized and thin polymeric specimens (such as

Kapton, Mylar, Teflon, and while Tedlar films). Plate IV, located in the lower right comer,

consisted of metals and coatings mounted in an aluminum baseplate and covered with a thin

aluminum coverplate that partially masked the specimen. Plate V, in the lower center, contained thermal plastics and structural film configured into tensile and shear specimen. Plate VI,

in the lower left, was populated with solar cells and associated components (covers, encapsulants, and adhesives).

Figure I l0

Photo No.: KSC-384C-538. l0

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4422

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00044

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/84

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray A8

74
Figure 111 (In Flight). Plate I, in the upper left, is shown with two of the four solar arrays

missing and one solar cell appears to be attached at only one comer. Other components seem to

be secure. The composites on Plate II in the left center appear to have no physical damage. On

Plate III, in the lower left comer of the tray, the thin films without protective coatings on the

lower left corner of the plate sustained significant damage or were destroyed. The metallized

film apparently survived with minimum damage. On Plate IV, in the upper right corner, several

of the coatings appear to have changed to a darker color and a light brown discoloration shows

around the outer edges of the mounting plate and along the right edge of the coverplates. On

Plate V, in the right center, all specimens, including the tape holding down the small specimen

in the lower right comer, have darkened significantly during the extended time in space. On

Plate VI, in the lower right comer, the solar cell components appear to have no physical damage. The colors of the test specimens, however, seem to have darkened.

Figure 11 I

Photo No.: $32-76-027

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10381

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00666

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A8

Figure 112 (Postflight). Most test specimens in the experiment appear to have survived

intact, while the remaining specimens suffered varying degrees of deterioration. On Plate I in

the upper right, three of the four solar arrays are missing. One solar array apparently was the

one that was flying free near the LDEF just prior to retrieval and another was found in the

Space Shuttle bay after the LDEF removal. On Plate III, in the upper left, thin films without

protective coatings sustained significant damage or were destroyed.

Figure I 12

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1031.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13422

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00147

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A8

75
Figure 113 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of Plate III in the upper left one-sixth of

the tray shows that the thin films without protective coatings sustained significant damage or

were destroyed. The thin-film specimen, which is hanging by one end in the in-flight photograph, is missing. The metallized film apparently survived the mission with minimum damage.

Figure 113

Photo No.: KSC-390C- !411.05

Dup. Neg.: L 91-7686

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00335

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray A8

Figure 114 (Postflight). In this close-up photograph of Plate II in the upper center one-sixth

of the tray, the composites appear to have no physical damage.

Figure 114

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 141 1.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7687

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00336

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail Survey of Upper Center of

Tray A8

76
Figure 115 (Postflight). On Plate I, in the upper right comer, three of the four solar arrays

are missing. One apparently was the one flying free near the LDEF just prior to retrieval. (See

fig. 21.) Another was found in the Space Shuttle bay after the LDEF removal. Other components appear to be secure.

Figure l 15

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1411.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7688

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00337

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail Survey of Upper Right of

Tray A8

Figure 116 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of Plate VI in the lower left one-sixth of

the tray shows that the solar cell components appear to be without physical damage. The colors

of the specimens seem to have darkened.

1

Figure 116

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 141 i.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7689

LISAR No.: EL- ! 994-00338

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/9

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray A8

77
Figure 117 (Postflight). This close-up of Plate V in the lower center one-sixth of the tray

shows that all specimens, including the tape holding down the small specimens in the lower left

corner, have darkened significantly.

nl 111 lll.liii ilull

it+ i

IF " t

Figure i 17

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1411.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7690

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00361

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF |I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray A8

Figure 118 (Postflight). In this close-up of the lower right one-sixth of the tray, several of

the coatings appear to have darkened and a unique pattern of light brown discoloration appears

around the outer edges of the mounting plate and along the lower edge of the coverplates.

I

I

n

Figure I 18

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1411.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7691

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00362

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray A8

78
Tray A9

Thermal Control Surfaces Experiment (TCSE) (S0069)

NASA MSFC

Tray: A9

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of the near-Earth orbital

environment and the environment induced by the LDEF on spacecraft thermal control surfaces

and to provide performance data on these surfaces.

Figure 119 (Preflight). Experiment S0069 was self-contained; it included power, a data

system, a reflectometer, and a preprogrammed controller for automatically exposing, monitoring, and measuring the sample materials. Experiment S0069 had 25 active and 24 passive samples mounted in a semicircular pattern (active samples on the outer radius and passive samples

on the inner radius) on a circular carousel. This arrangement maximized the exposure of the

samples to the combined space environment. Three radiometers were located on the innermost

radius. The photograph shows the carousel rotated to the open position. The thermal shroud has

an outside exposed surface covered with 2-rail silvered Teflon film bonded with an adhesive.

Figure ! 19

Photo No.: KSC-384C-209.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7073

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00358

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/16/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray A9

79
Figure 120 (In Flight). Here, the original silver mirrorlike shroud surface appears white

with copious amounts of a brown discoloration in a distinct pattern. The upper and lower triangular sections of the shroud have many irregular black discolorations and areas where the adhesive appears to have failed. Changes in color have occurred in both the active and the passive

test samples. The three radiometers appear to have no physical damage.

Figure 120

Photo No.: $32-76-005

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10375

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00660

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: l/l 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A9

Figure 121 (Postflight). The 2-rail silvered Teflon fihn surface on the shroud appears to be

the same as in flight. It is white with brown discolorations in a distinct pattern. The left and

right triangular sections of the shroud have many irregular black discolorations and areas where the adhesive appears to have failed.

Figure 121

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1030.1 !

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13409

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00144

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A9

8O
Figure 122 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the carousel and test specimens.

Note the discoloration streaks on the silvered Teflon film in the upper portions of the photograph and the evidence of numerous small impact discolorations. While changes in color have

occurred in both the active and passive test samples, they appear to be the same as in flight. The

three radiometers seem to be without physical damage.

Figure 122

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1419.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7715

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00375

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A9

Figure 123 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the left area of the exposed test

samples. The calorimeter outer edge appears to be deformed in the fourth from top (outer)

active sample location. The passive samples, located on the inner radius, seem to have no physical damage; however, some of the white paint samples now appear brown or tan. A point of

space debris impact is located just off the edge of the carousel.

Figure 123

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1419.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7716

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00376

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A9

81
Figure 124 (PostflighO. This close-up is of the center area of the exposed test specimens.

Some of the test specimens appear discolored and damaged. Note the first four from the right

active coating samples, which are located on the outer radius. Two of the first three, which

were originally white, now appear brown and have significant damage. The fourth active sample from the right, which was originally black, appears to have eroded, thus leaving only a trace

of the paint or primer on the substrate. The passive samples, located on the inner radius, appear

tan. to have no physical damage: however, some of the white paint samples now appear brown or

Figure 124

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1419.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7717

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00377

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflighl Detail of Tray A9

Figure 125 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the right area of the exposed test

specimens. Some of the test specimens are discolored and damaged. Note the first four from the

right active coating samples located on the outer radius. Two of the first three, which were originally white, now appear brown and have significant damage. The fourth active sample from

the right, which was originally black, appears to have eroded, thus leaving only a trace of the

paint or primer on the substrate. The passive samples, located on the inner radius, appear to

have no physical damage: however, some of the white paint samples now appear brown or tan.

Figure 125

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1419.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7718

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00378

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A9

82
Figure 126 (Postflight). This close-up of the right area of the carousel and tray bottom

shows the area of damaged silvered Teflon film. Numerous discolorations from space debris

impacts are also visible.

Figure 126

Photo No.: KSC-390C- i 419.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7719

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00379

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray A9

83
Tray A10

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, A10, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, C! 1, DI, D5, D7, D11, E2, El0, and F4

mentSeeAOsection 178. entitled '+Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiFigure 127 (In Flight). Note the dark brown stain on the LDEF structure adjacent to the

edge of the black thermal panel. The thermal cover surface of experiment AO178 appears to

have changed from specular to opaque with many black dots of various sizes that appear to be

impact or penetration discolorations. A large discoloration is clearly visible in the lower right

quadrant of the thermal cover. Many discolorations appear to be encircled by white halos.

Numerous circular white discolorations that seem to be impacts are visible on the surface of the

cover. The cover appears to be more taut than in the prelaunch photograph and the locations of

Velcro attachment pads are apparent. The ground strap appears to be in place and to have no

visible damage, but it appears to be a darker color.

Figure 127

Photo No.: $32-78-079

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10445

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00018

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A I0

84
Figure 128 (Postflight). The thermal cover surface appears to have changed from specular

to opaque (glossy white) with many black dots of various sizes. These black dots are probably

the results of impacts or penetrations of the 5-rail Teflon film that allowed atomic oxygen to

oxidize and erode the layer of vapor-deposited silver beneath. The cover is not as taut as in the

in-flight photograph and locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground

strap appears to be in place and to have no visible damage, but it appears to be a deeper copper

color. The cradled RMS arm is visible at the upper edge of the photograph.

Figure 128

Photo No.: KSC-390C-612.01

Dup. Neg.: L92-17792

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00122

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A10

Figure 129 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the upper left one-sixth of the tray

shows numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes

are visible on the cover and many appear to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon

film surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Figure 129

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.03

Dup Neg. No.: L91-7776

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00509

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray A 10

85
Figure 130 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. It

shows numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes

are visible on the cover and many appear to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon

film surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Figure 130

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.04

Dup. Neg.: L91-7777

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00510

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF !I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray A i 0

Figure 131 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. It shows

numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes are

visible on the cover and many seem to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon film

surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Figure 131

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7778

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00530

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray A 10

86
Figure 132 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. It shows

numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes are

visible on the cover and many appear to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon

film surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. One large

discoloration spot is in the upper center of the photograph.

Figure 132

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7782

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00531

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray A 10

Figure 133 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. It

shows numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes

are visible on the cover and many appear to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon

film surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

!_  ̧ill ̧ ,!i il _

Figure 133

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7783

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00532

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray A 10

87
Figure 134 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. It shows

numerous space debris impact or penetration discolorations. White dots of various sizes are

visible on the cover and many appear to be encircling impact locations. The silvered Teflon

film surface appears diffuse rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Figure 134

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208. l 1

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7784

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00533

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray A I0

Figure 135 (Postfiight). This close-up photograph is of the large discolored impact or penetration located in the lower left one-sixth of the tray. A large lighter area of discoloration surrounds the darker area. The upper left side of the photograph is light because of photographic lights.

Figure 135

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2208.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7785

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00534

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Impact or Penetration in

Tray A 10

88
Tray All

The Chemistry of Micrometeoroids (AO 187-1

NASA JSC

University of Washington

Rockwell International Science Center

Trays: A3 and A11

The objective of this experiment was to retrieve

with hypervelocity craters.

analyzable projectile residue associated

Figure 136 (Preflight). This passive unit of experiment AO187-1 exposes six aluminum

(99.9-percent pure) panels (47 cm by 41 cm by 0.3 cm each) to the space environment. The

active unit of this experiment is in tray A3. The plates were unprotected and were exposed to

the total mission environment (i.e., ground handling as well as flight).

Figure 136

Photo No.: KSC-384C-538.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4413

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00031

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray A11

89
Figure 137 (In Flight). The experiment appears to be intact. Impact craters, which appear

as small white imperfections in the dark blue background, are visible on all six detector plates.

The apparent dark blue of the aluminum detector panels in this photograph is the result of the

lighting and the camera angle.

Figure 137

Photo No.: $32-78-058

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-I0438

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00013

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A I I

Figure 138 (Postflight). Close inspection of the postflight photograph reveals tiny white

spots on the detector plates where impacts have occurred during flight. The largest impact

appears to have been on the plate in the lower left corner of tile experiment tray.

Figure 138

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1697. i 0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7805

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00263

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF Ii

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray All

9O
Figure 139 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left plate. The very small

white dots are impact craters. The lighter area to the left is a result of photographic light

reflections.

Figure 139

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1697.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7806

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00228

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Plate of

Tray A 11

Figure 140 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper center plate. The very

small white dots are impact craters.

Figure 140

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1697.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7807

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00229

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center Plate of

Tray A I 1

91
Figure 141 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper right plate. The very small white dots are impact craters.

Figure 141

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1699.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 ! -7815

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00230

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right Plate of

Tray All

Figure 142 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower left plate. The very small

white dots are impact craters. The upper left has what appears to be a bulge in the panel. This

bulge can be found in preflight photographs and is not a result of flight.

Figure 142

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1699.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7816

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00231

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postllight Detail of Lower Left Plate of

Tray A I 1

92
Figure 143 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower center plate. The very

small white dots are impact craters.

Figure 143

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1699.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7817

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00232

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center Plate of

Tray A 11

Figure 144 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right plate. The very

small white dots are impact craters. The left part of the photograph shows photographic light

reflections.

Figure 144

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1699.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7818

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00233

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Plate of

Tray A I 1

93
Tray A12

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, BI, B2, B6, BS, B11, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell F1, F3, F5,

F7, F10, FI l, G4, G8, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight pholographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 145 (In Flight). The greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is the by-product of

the chromic anodization coating process. The blue tint can be attributed to reflections of the

sky. The vertical streaks on the debris panels are by-products of chromic anodizing; these

streaks have been enhanced by the blue reflection. Brown stains are located along the left edge

of the right debris panel. An irregular discoloration extends horizontally across the lower half

of the left debris panel. The light band along the vertical edge of the left debris panel and across

the top of both debris panels is a reflection from the tray sidewall.

Figure 145

Photo No.: $32-78-029

Dup. Neg. No.: Lg0-10430

L1SAR No.: EL- i 994-00006

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray A 12

94
Figure 146 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The vertical streaks observed on the right debris panel in

the in-flight photograph are still visible, although they are not as distinct. The irregular discoloration extending horizontally across the left debris panel remains well defined. The light

band across the top and bottom of the debris panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray

sidewalls.

Figure 146

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2163.03

Dup. Neg.: L91-7828

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00472

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray A 12

95
Tray B1

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, B8, BI I, C4, C7, D2, D6, El E4, E7, Ell F1 F3, F5,

F7, FI0, F1 l, G4, GS, and H5 ' ' '

See Tray A5 for the preflight survey.

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 147 (In Flight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment.

Figure 147

Photo No.: $32-78-026

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10429

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00005

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B1

96
Figure 148 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The light bands along the bottom and the left and right

edges of the panels are caused by lights reflecting from the tray sidewalls. The two small

mounds on the panel on the left are manufacturing defects that existed prior to flight. Markings

along the top of the photograph are the result of film processing.

Figure 148

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1066.1 l

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13480

L|SAR No.: EL-1994-00189

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B!

97
Tray B2

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, BI, B2, B6, B8, BI 1, C4, C7, D2, D6+ El E4, E7+ Ell FI F3, F5. F7, FI0, F1 l, G4, GS, and H5 ' ' ,

See section entitled ++Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 149 (In Flight). The greenish-gray tint on the left debris panels and the pink tint on

the right debris panel are by-products of the chromic anodization coating process. The light

band along the left side and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 149

Photo No.: $32-78-016

Dup. Neg.: L90-1 (7427

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00004

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: l/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B2

98
Figure 150 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the

panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 150

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1066.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13474

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00386

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B2

99
Tray B3

Study of Meteoroid Impact Craters on Various Materials (AO 138-1 )

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

Tray: B3

The objective of this experiment was to study impact craters produced by micrometeoroids

(interplanetary dust particles) on selected materials (tungsten, aluminum, gold, copper, stainless steel, and Pyrex glass).

Attempt at Dust Debris Collection With Stacked Detectors (AO138-2)

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

Tray: B3

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the feasibility of future missions of multilayer thin film that is composed of multilayer thin-toil detectors, which acted as energy sorters to collect micrometeoroids for chemical analysis.

Thin Metal Film and Multilayers Experiment (AO138-3)

CNRS/LPSP

Tray: B3

This experiment investigated the effects of the space environment on vacuum UV optical

components (EUV thin films, UV gas filters, photocathodes, and UV crystal filters) for use in

the development and the qualification of new UV optical components.

Vacuum-Deposited Optical Coatings Experiment (AO138-4)

Optical Division, Matra S.A.

Tray: B 3

This experiment investigated the long-term stability of a wide range of vacuum-deposited

optical coatings used in spacecraft optical and electro-optical instruments.

Ruled and Holographic Gratings Experiment (AO138-5)

Jobin-Yvon Division, Instruments S.A.

Tray: B3

This experiment studied the effects of exposure to the space environment on ruled and

holographic gratings used in spacecraft optical and electro-optical instruments.

Thermal Control Coatings Experiment (AOI38-6)

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

CNES/CST

Tray: B3

100
This experiment examined the validity of ground simulations of space environment for

studies on degradation of thermal control coatings used on satellites.

Optical Fibers and Components Experiment (AO138-7)

CERT/ONERA-DERTS

Tray: B3

The objective of this experiment was to examine the radiation effects on fiber-optic wave

guides, which are important components in communication systems, optoelectronics circuits,

and data links.

Effect of Space Exposure of Some Epoxy Matrix Composites on Their Thermal Expansion

and Mechanical Properties (AO138-8)

Space Division, Matra S.A.

Tray: B3

This experiment examined the effects of space exposure on the coefficient of thermal

expansion of composites and epoxy resins commonly used in space structures.

The Effect of the Space Environment on Composite Materials (AO138-9)

Adrospatiale

Tray: B3

The objective of this passive experiment was to assess the degradation of graphite-fiberreinforced epoxy matrix composite materials, adhesives, and thermal coatings.

Microwelding of Various Metallic Materials Under Uitravacuum (AO 138-10)

Adrospatiale

Tray: B3

The objective of this experiment was to study the molecular diffusion of adjacent metals in

the ultrahigh vacuum of space.

I01
Figure 151 (Preflight). The FRECOPA was self-contained in a 12-in-deep tray, which consisted of three canisters and an aluminum mounting plate. The canisters, which opened after the

LDEF was placed in orbit, were used to expose sample materials of nine different experiments

to the space environment for 10 months; the mounting plate was exposed for the entire mission.

The photograph shows the location of the three one-sixth experiment sections that were covered by aluminum plates with openings that accommodated the open canisters, the two onesixth sections covered with Teflon and glass thermal covers, and the one-sixth section populated with test samples. Material samples are also attached to the top corners of the canister

cover plates, which are located in the upper right and upper left comers of the experiment tray.

Figure 151

Photo No.: KSC-384C-330.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7170

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00645

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/24/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray B3

Figure 152 (In Flight). The experiment appears to be without physical damage except for

a tear in the material behind the Teflon and glass thermal cover in the lower left comer. Both

the mounting plate of the experiment AO138-1 and the plates that provide masks for the open

canisters seals have stained surfaces. The exposed experiment mounting plate, however,

appears to have a much darker discoloration. The material samples on the top comers of the

two upper plates that provide masks for the open canister seals do not appear to be discolored.

Figure 152

Photo No.: $32-77-058

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10415

LISAR No.: EL-1994-0068 I

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B3

102
Figure 153 (Postflight). The experiment appears to have no physical damage except for a

tear in thermal cover and some discolored areas. The material samples on the bottom corners of

the two lower canister cover plates do not appear to be discolored.

Figure 153

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1646.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7874

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00217

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B3

Figure 154 (Postflight). This close-up of the upper left of the lower center of the tray shows

that the experiment mounting plate has a darker color than before flight. The test samples

appear wrinkled but are intact.

Figure 154

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1648.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7895

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00368

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Lower

Center of Tray B3

103
Figure 155 (Postflight). This close-up of the upper right of the lower center of the tray

shows that the experiment mounting plate has a darker color than before flight.

Figure ! 55

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1648.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7896

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00197

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Upper Right of Lower

Center of Tray B3

Figure 156 (PostflighO. This close-up of the lower right of the lower center of the tray

shows that the experiment mounting plate has a darker color than before flight. The test sam- ples appear intact.

Figure 156

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1648. l0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7897

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00198

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Center

of Tray B3

104
Figure 157 (Postflight). This close-up of the lower left of the lower center tray shows that

the experiment mounting plate is a darker color than before flight. The test samples appear

wrinkled but are intact.

Figure 157

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1649.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7899

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00218

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Lower

Center of Tray B3

105
Tray B4

Space Plasma High-Voltage Drainage Experiment (SP HVD) (AO054)

TRW Space and Technology Group

Trays: B4 and D 10

The objective of this experiment was to place large numbers of dielectric samples under

electric stress in space to determine the long-term leakage of the dielectrics and the material

degradation caused by both the low-Earth-orbit environment and the high-voltage systems.

Figure 158 (PreflighO. Experiment AO054 consisted of" two identical sets of hardware.

One set was mounted in tray B4 and the other set was mounted in tray D10. Each set of hardware, which was self-contained within the experiment tray, consisted of six fiberglassreinforced epoxy modules that carried charged dielectric samples on top and power supplies

and electronics underneath. Four dielectric samples of Kapton film with vapor-deposited aluminum on one side (VDA-Kapton film) were bonded to each of the fiberglass modules with a

silver-filled conductive epoxy adhesive. The spaces between the modules covered by dielectric

samples and between the modules and the tray flanges were covered by strips of VDA-Kapton

film attached with acrylic transfer adhesive and Kapton tape. In this photograph, reflections in

the mirrorlike surfaces are visible. Each experiment tray also contained two solar cell modules.

Figure 158

Photo No.: KSC-384C-221.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7086

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00370

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/13/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray B4

106
Figure 159 (In Flight). The experiment appears to have no physical damage from exposure to the space environment. The lighting is such that changes in material colors are difficult

to detect; however, the white paint in the vicinity of the solar cell modules appears to have

darkened.

Figure 159

Photo No.: $32-77-027

Dup. Neg.: L90-10407

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00090

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B4

Figure 160 (Postflight). The experiment appears to be without physical damage. The white

paint around the outer edges of the solar cell modules seems to have changed to a light tan.

Figure 160

Photo No.: KSC-390C-730.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17647

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00164

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/1/90

Location: KSC O & C building

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B4

107
Figure 161 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper left one-sixth of the tray shows that

the experiment has no apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly reflective.

Figure 161

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.02

Dup Neg. No.: L91-7930

L1SAR No.: EL- i 994-00497

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray B4

Figure 162 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper center one-sixth of the tray shows

that the experiment has no apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly reflective. The

white paint around the outer edges of the solar cell modules appears to have changed to a light tan.

Figure 162

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-793 I

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00498

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray B4

108
Figure 163 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. It shows

the experiment with no apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly reflective.

Figure 163

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7932

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00499

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B4

Figure 164 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. It shows

the experiment with no apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly reflective.

Figure 164

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7933

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00500

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray B4

109
Figure 165 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. It

shows the experiment with no apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly ret]ective.

The white paint around the outer edges of the solar cell modules has changed to a light tan.

Figure 165

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7934

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00501

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray B4

Figure 166 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. It shows

the experiment without apparent physical damage. Surfaces remain highly rellective.

Figure !66

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2117.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7935

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00502

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray B4

I10
Tray B5

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, DI, D5, D7, Dll, E2, El(), and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO178.

Figure 167 (In Flight). The thermal cover has no apparent damage; however, it is more

taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The glossy black appearance of the thermal cover is due

to lighting conditions and not to a change in the material optical properties. The bright spots on

the dark thermal cover background are areas where Veicro pads are bonded to the back of the

cover. The large bright area on the left of the cover is reflected light.The scalloped edge across

the top, bottom, and left side of the cover occurs between attachment pads. The ground strap is

in place with no visible damage.

_i ,_ii__i_ ̧i

Figure 167

Photo No.: $32-76-107

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10401

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00088

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B5

111
Figure 168 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular with no apparent damage. The cover is less taut than in the in-flight photograph and the locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The scallop effect around the cover edges occurs between the

attachment pads and shows lhe upper edge of the support frame. The ground strap is in place with no visible damage.

Figure 168

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1035.08

Dup. Neg. No.: Lg0-13453

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00184

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B5

Figure 169 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. A few impact or penetration dis- colorations are visible.

Figure 169

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2151.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7974

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00513

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/9(7

Location: KSC SAEF !1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray B5

112
Figure 170 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. A few impact or penetration discolorations are visible.

Figure 170

Photo No: KSC-390C-2151.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7975

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00514

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postfligbt Detail of Upper Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray B5

Figure 171 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The pattern enhanced by reflected light in the upper right corner of the thermal cover existed during

preflight and was not due to space exposure. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the covet result in various light

and color patterns. A few impact or penetration discolorations are visible.

Figure 171

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2151.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7976

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00515

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Thermal

Cover of Tray B5

113
Figure 172 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. A few impact or penetration dis- colorations are visible.

Figure 172

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2151.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7980

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00516

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2 !/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray B5

Figure 173 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patlerns. A few impact or penetra- tion discolorations are visible.

Figure 173

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2151.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7981

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00517

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray B5

114
Figure 174 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The pattern enhanced by reflected light along the right edge of the thermal cover existed preflight and

was not due to space exposure. The themlal cover appears specular with no apparent damage.

The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. A few impact or penetration discolorations are visible.

Figure 174

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2152.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-7983

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00518

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Thermal Cover of Tray B5

115
Tray B6

Space Debris hnpac! Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, BI, B2. B6, BS, BI 1, C4, C7, D2, D6, E1 E4, E7. Ell FI F3, F5,

F7, FI0, FI I, G4, GS, and H5 ' ' '

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflighl photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 175 (In Flight). A portion of the greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is the

product of the chromic anodization coating process; however, a large part can be attributed to

reflections of the blue sky. The vertical streaks on the panels are products of chromic anodizing

that have been enhanced significantly by the blue reflection. Fingerprints along the center

edges of the debris panels occurred during experiment assembly and indicate improper preflight handling or cleaning.

l

Figure 175

Photo No.: $32-76-105

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10400

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00714

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/I 2/90

Location: in Fligh!

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B6

116
Figure 176 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodization coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The fingerprints along the inner edges of the debris panels

that were observed in the in-flight photograph are still visible. The dark vertical streaks on the

debris panels in the in-flight photographs are almost invisible because the reflection of the sky

is not present. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the panels is caused by

light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 176

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1146.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13505

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00192

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/18/90

Location: SAEF II at KSC

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B6

117
Tray B7

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AOI78)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4+ AI0, B5+ B7, C5, C6, C8, CI l, DI, D5, D7, DI 1, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled +'Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experi- ment AO 178.

Figure 177 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to have no apparent damage, but it is

more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The dark blue appearance of the thermal cover in

this photograph is caused by lighting conditions and is not due to a change in the optical properties of the material. The oblong indentations on the thermal cover are areas where Velcro

pads are bonded to the back of the cover. The surface of the thermal cover appears to have

small brown circular discolorations of various sizes that appear to result from impacts or penetrations. A large light blue area of discoloration is clearly visible in the lower right quadrant of

the thermal cover. The discoloration is probably the result of an impact penetrating the 5-mil

Teflon film and upsetting the layer of vapor-deposited silver beneath. The scalloped edge along

the left side of the thermal cover occurs between attachment pads. The ground strap appears to

be in place with no visible damage, but it appears to be a deeper copper color than in the pre- launch photograph.

Figure 177

Photo No.: $32-76-101

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10399

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00087

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B7

118
Figure 178 (Postflight). The surface of the thermal cover appears to have changed from

specular to opaque with black dots of various sizes that appear to be impacts or penetrations. A

large area of white discoloration is clearly visible in the upper left quadrant of the thermal

cover. The discoloration is probably the result of a penetration of the 5-rail Teflon film that has

affected the layer of vapor-deposited silver beneath. The cover is not as taut as in the in-flight

photograph and the locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground strap

is in place with no visible damage, but it is a deeper copper color than in the prelaunch

photograph.

Figure 178

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2306.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8035

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00312

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B7

Figure 179 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray.

The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Numerous impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The thermal cover Velcro tie-down

pads are also evident.

Figure 179

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2306.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8036

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00573

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray B7

119
Figure 180 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the

tray. The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. Numerous impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The thermal cover Velcro

tie-down pads are also evident.

Figure 180

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2306.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8037

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00574

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray B7

Figure 181 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the

tray. The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. Numerous impact or penetration discolorations arc visible. The thermal cover Velcro

tie-down pads are also evident.

Figure 181

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2306.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-g038

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00575

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Thermal

Cover of Tray I37

120
Figure 182 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray.

The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs.

Numerous impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The thermal cover Velcro tie-down

pads are also evident.

Figure 182

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2307.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8019

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00576

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Thermal

Cover of Tray B7

Figure 183 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the

tray. The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. Numerous impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The thermal cover Velcro

tie-down pads are also evident.

1

Figure 183

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2307.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8020

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00594

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Thermal Cover of Tray B7

121
Figure 184 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the

tray. The thermal cover appears to be opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight pholographs. Numerous impact o1 penetration discolorations are visible. The thermal cover Velcro

tie-down pads are also evident.

Figure ! 84

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2307.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8021

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00595

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray B7

122
Tray B8

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, BS, BII, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, El !, FI, F3, F5,

F7, F10, FI 1, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for experiment objective.

Exposure to Space Radiation of High-Performance Infrared Multilayer Filters and Materials Technology Experiments (AO056)

University of Reading

British Aerospace Corporation

Trays: B8 and G 12

The objectives of these experiments were to expose high-performance infrared multilayer

filters and finishes and adhesive systems to the low-Earth-orbit space environment. The filters,

finishes, and adhesive systems would then be measured to ascertain their suitability for use in

spacecraft and to understand their degradation mechanisms.

Passive Exposure of Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Components (AO147)

The Eppley Laboratory, Inc.

Trays: B8 and G 12

The objective of this experiment was to expose channel components of Earth Radiation

Budget Experiment to the space environment and then to submit the components to radiometric

calibration. This experiment intended to apply corrections to results from the Earth Radiation

Budget Experiment and to use the information in the selection of components for future solar

and Earth radiation budget experiments.

123
Figure 185 (Preflight). Experiment AO056, located in the upper right, was made up of

46 individual specimens divided between 2 experiment modules (tray B8 and tray G12). The

infrared filters and coating samples were in the circular holders, which were located in the left

of the module, and the materials technology samples were located in the right.

Experiment AO147 was divided between two modules. The module that contained solar

channel components was located in this tray. A second module that contained three Earth flux

channel components was located in tray GI2. Experiment AO147, located in the lower right

corner, consisted of l0 solar sensors (in a Nimbus ERB solar array block in the center of the

experiment module) and 10 interference filters (in the circular holders above and below the

solar sensors). The mounting plate exterior surface, the infrared filter holders, and the curved

surface of the Nimbus ERB solar array block were painted white to fulfill thermal control

requirements. Because the mounting surface of tray B8 faced 30 ° off the leading edge of

LDEF, the Nimbus solar array block was tilted 30 ° to face forward to provide a sun view similar to the ERB Experiment on Nimbus.

Experiment SO001, which was mounted in the left two-thirds of the tray, consisted of two

3/16-in-thick chromic-anodized aluminum panels; it displays the familiar green and pink that is caused by anodization.

Figure 185

Photo No.: KSC-384C-294.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7116

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00384

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/19/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray B8

124
Figure 186 (In Flight). Here, the space debris impact panels have a very distinct green and

pink color that varies as the light angle changes across the panels. The different colors of the

infrared filter surfaces of experiment AO056 may be reflections of the surrounding environment and are not from exposure to space. A brown discoloration is present on the surface of the

unpainted aluminum mounting plate. Experiment AO147 appears to have no physical damage.

The white paint on the aluminum mounting plate has several irregular-shaped black marks

along the top edge. The marks were not visible on the prelaunch photograph.

I

Figure 186

Photo No.: $32-76-026

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10380

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00665

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/ 12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B8

Figure 187 (Postflight). Experiment AO056 appears unchanged from the in-flight photograph. The apparent blue, green, silver, and white colors of coatings and filter samples

observed in the in-flight photographs are not visible. A brown discoloration is present on the

surface of the unpainted aluminum mounting plate. The discoloration is darker near the fasteners around the mounting plate edges and the filter and coating holders. Experiment AO147,

which is located in the lower right of the tray, appears to be without physical damage. Experiment S0001 shows the familiar green and pink that is caused by anodization.

Figure 187

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1031.1 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13421

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00146

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B8

125
Figure 188 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-lourth of the module for

experiment AO056. The experiment is intact, but has sustained some physical damage. The

experiment sample located in the second circular holder from the top in the right row appears to

be missing. A brown discoloration is present on the surface of the unpainted aluminum mounting plate. The discoloration is darker near the fasteners around the mounting plate edges and the filter and coating holders.

O

Figure i 88

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1931.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8064

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-0043 l

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I 4/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B8

Figure 189 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the module for

experiment AO056. The experiment has sustained some physical damage. An impact crater and

two cracks extending outward from the crater are visible in the experiment sample mounted in

the second circular holder from the bottom in the right row of filter and coating samples. A

brown discoloration is present on the surface of the unpainted aluminum mounting plate and

near the filter and coating holders.

O

Figure 189

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1931.10

Dup. Neg.: L91-8065

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00432

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B8

126
Figure 190 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the module for

experiment AO056. The experiment is intact, but brown discolorations appear on surfaces of

the Materials Technology Experiment samples that are mounted in the right half of the module.

Figure 190

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1931.1 l

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8066

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00433

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B8

Figure 191 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the module for

experiment AO056. The experiment is intact, but brown discolorations appear on surfaces of

the Materials Technology Experiment samples that are mounted in the right half of the module.

Figure 19 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1931.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8067

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00434

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray B8

127
Tray B9

Space Exposure of Composite Materials for Large Space Structures (CMLSS) (AO134)

NASA LaRC

Tray: B9

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of

selected graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxy and polysultbne matrix resin composites materials

exposed to the low Earth environment (atomic oxygen, ultraviolet and particulate radiation,

meteoroids and debris, and vacuum and temperature cycling).

Exposure of Spacecraft Coatings (ESC) (S0010)

NASA LaRC

Tray: B9

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of both the environment

induced by the Shuttle and the space radiation environment on selected sets of spacecraft materials and thermal control coatings.

Figure 192 (Preflight). Experiment AO134 consisted of graphite-epoxy and polysulfonegraphite tensile specimens. Some specimens were coated with sputtered-metal deposits to evaluate the effectiveness of metals in protecting the composites when exposed to atomic oxygen.

Twelve specimens, six composite that were located near the top edge and six metal that were

located near the bottom edge of the support plate, were late additions and were attached to the

support plate with safety wire. An identical set of test specimens mounted on the back of the

support plate was exposed to only the temperature cycling and the vacuum environment. Sixteen coated composite samples and 14 thin polymeric and resin films were on the mounting

plate in the upper center tray center. Forty-eight coated composite specimens were mounted in

the center of the tray and partially masked with a thin aluminum cover plate with circular openings. Experiment S0010 consisted of two parts: one set of test specimens was located in the

lower half of the tray center section and a second set of test specimens was in an EECC located

in the right section of the experiment tray.

Figure 192

Photo No.: KSC-384C-59.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7027

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00344

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/17/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray B9

128
Figure 193 (In Flight). In this photograph, the top and lower flanges have abrasions from

prelaunch testing. Experiment AO147 component, located on the upper one-third of the tray

mounting plate, is intact and the mounting hardware appears secure. Much of the mounting

hardware is discolored. In the left center, only a few fragments of the 14 polymeric and resin

thin-film materials have survived the mission.

Figure 193

Photo No.: $32-76-001

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10374

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00659

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B9

Figure 194 (Postflight). The right and left flanges and each end of the top flange of the tray

have abrasions from prelaunch testing. Most test specimens are intact except in the upper left

center one-third where many thin films are damaged or missing. Mounting hardware is discolored. The EECC located in the left section of the experiment tray has a dark brown discoloration on the mounting structure in the bottom of the tray.

Figure 194

Photo No.: KSC-390C- ! 913.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2536

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-0028 !

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B9

129
Figure 195 (PostflighO. This photograph of the upper center one-sixth of the tray shows

that thin-film test specimens are missing. There is a brown discoloration at the upper left corner of the baseplate.

•: :: i

Figure 195

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1913. ! I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2538

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00419

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflighl Detail of Upper Center of

Tray B9

Figure 196 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper right one-sixth of the tray shows that

the test specimens are intact. However, some specimens are somewhat discolored and some

have diagonal markings and patterns.

O_.- om,

imimi"m'i+mem. !

Figure 196

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1913.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-2539

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00420

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B9

130
Figure 197 (PostflighO. This photograph of the lower center one-sixth of the tray shows

that some test specimens have changed color and some appear damaged.

i

Figure 197

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1914.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8108

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00421

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray B9

Figure 198 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower right one-sixth of the tray shows that

the test specimens are intact, but some are discolored and some have diagonal markings and

patterns.

Figure 198

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1914.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8109

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00422

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray B9

131
Figure 199 (Postflight). This close-up photograph shows the general discoloration of a

group of test specimens in the upper right of the tray.

Figure 199

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1914.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8116

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00423

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B9

Figure200 (Postflight). This close-up photograph shows the general discoloration of a

group of test specimens in the upper right of the tray.

Figure 200

Photo No.: KSC-390C- !914.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-S117

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00424

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I 3/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray B9

132
Figure 201 (Postflight). This close-up photograph shows the general discoloration of a

group of test specimens in the lower right of the tray.

Figure 201

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1916.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8083

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00425

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of B9

133
Tray BIO

Transverse Flat-Plate Heat Pipe Experiment (S1005)

NASA MSFC Grumman Aerospace Corporation

Tray: B 10

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the 0-g performance of a number of transverse flat-plate heat pipe modules. There was no pret]ight photograph taken.

Figure 202 (In Flight). The experiment consisted of three transverse flat-plate heat pipe

modules, a power system for the heaters, a data acquisition and storage system, and an aluminum support structure. The surface of the experiment thal was exposed to the space environment consisted of the exterior surfaces of the three heat pipe modules and silvered Teflon film.

Thermal blankets covered the aluminum mounting hardware and openings between the hardware and the tray sidewalls. The raised surface at the end of each heat pipe module contained

the fluid reservoir. The specular surface of the silvered Teflon film has become diffuse and

appears white with numerous impact craters: black specks are visible on the white surfaces.

Some areas of pronounced discoloration are visible.

Figure 202

Photo No.: $32-78-076

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10444

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00017

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B 10

134
Figure 203 (Postflight). The thermal blanket with the patches across the lower edge of the

photograph was part of the RMS thermal cover and was not associated with the experiment

S 1002. The specular surface of the silvered Teflon film has become diffuse and appears white.

Numerous impact craters, black specks, and other discolorations are visible.

Figure 203

Photo No.: KSC-390C-612.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17793

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00123

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Posfflight Survey of Tray B 10

Figure 204 (Postflight). This photograph of the left of the tray shows that the silvered

Teflon film now appears diffuse. Space debris impacts appear as small black dots.

Figure 204

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1413.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8987

L|SAR No.: EL-1994-00363

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of the Left of Tray B 10

135
Figure 205 (Postflight). This photograph of the right of the tray shows that the silvered

Teflon film now appears diffuse. Space debris impacts appear as small black dots. There is an

area of brown discoloration on the right end of the center heat pipe module.

Figure 205

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1413.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8988

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00347

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Tray B I0

Figure 206 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower left of the tray shows that the silvered Teflon film now appears diffuse. Space debris impacts appear as small black dots.

Figure 206

Photo No.: KSC-390C- !413.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8989

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00348

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray B i 0

136
Figure 207 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower right of the tray shows that the silvered Teflon film now appears diffuse. Space debris impacts appear as small black dots. There

is an area of brown discoloration on the right end of the center heat pipe module.

Figure 207

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1413.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8990

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00349

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray B 10

Figure 208 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the discolored area on the right end

of the center heat pipe module.

Figure 208

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1414.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8171

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00350

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/1/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Discoloration on Center

Heat Pipe Module in Tray B10

137
Tray Bll

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5. A6. AI2. BI. B2, B6, B8. B! I, C4, C7, D2. D6, El E4, ET, Ell F1 F3, F5, F7, FI0, FI 1, G4, GS, and H5 ' ' '

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 209 (In Flight). The discolorations on the lower left sidewall of the experiment

tray appear to be fingerprints from prelaunch handling. A portion of the pink and greenish-gray

tint on the two debris panels are by-products of the chromic anodize coating process; however,

part of the intensity can be attributed to reflections of the blue sky. The vertical streaks on the

right debris panel are by-products of chromic anodizing that have been enhanced by the blue

reflection. A light irregular discoloration is visible on the left debris panel; it starts near the

center of the left edge and progresses down and to the right. The light band along the vertical

edge of the left debris panel is a reflection from the tray sidewall.

Figure 209

Photo No.: $32-78-038

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10433

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00009

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B I 1

138
Figure 210 (Postflight). The postflight photograph was taken in the SAEF II at KSC prior

to the removal of the experiment from the LDEF. The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two

debris panels are by-products of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to

contamination or exposure to the space environment. The dark streaks observed on the right

debris panel in the in-flight photograph are no longer visible because the reflection of the sky is

not present. However, the light irregular discoloration starting near the center of the left edge is

clearly visible on the left debris panel. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of

the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewall.

Figure 210

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1028.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13381

L1SAR No.: EL-1994-00141

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B I 1

139
Tray B12

Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) (AO201)

Institute for Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: B 12, C3, C9, D6, G 10. and H ! 1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

Figure 211 (Preflight). Experiment AO201 exposed 80 metal-oxide-silicon (MOS)

capacitor-type impact sensors and 1 solar sensor. The visible surface of the impact sensor was a

vapor deposition of 1000 A of aluminum on a SiO_ surface on a 250-p.m-thick silicon wafer.

The complete wafers, IDE detectors, were bonded to chromic-anodized aluminum frames with

a space-qualified devolitized silicon adhesive. The solar sensor consisted of four silicon solar

cells connected in series with the associated circuitry, which was bonded to an aluminum baseplate. The impact sensors were mounted in the left one-third of the tray. The solar sensor was

mounted in the center of the sensor panel.

The center one-third of the tray cover was a chromic-anodized aluminum plate that protected the electronics mounted underneath. It also served as a mounting platform for 10 individual specimen holders. The material specimens were bonded to the holders with a silicon adhesive.

The cover plate in the right one-third was the aluminum EPDS cover plate painted with

Chemglaze II A-276 white paint. The EPDS accommodated all six trays of this experiment.

This preflight photograph shows reflections of the surroundings in the metailized surfaces.

Figure 211

Photo No.: KSC-3bI4C-14.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7004

LISAR No.: EL-! 994-00329

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/9/84

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray B 12

140
Figure 212 (In Flight). The in-flight photograph is covered by the shadow from the orbiter

RMS arm and cannot be readily compared with the preflight photograph. The surface area that

can be observed does not seem to be significantly degraded.

Figure 212

Photo No.: $32-78-026

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-|0429

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00005

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray B 12

Figure 213 (Postflight). The postflight photograph shows little change to the exposed surfaces when compared with the preflight photograph. Although not noticeable in the photograph, a light coating of contamination was visible on all experiment surfaces in this location.

The difference in the colors of the IDE detectors that are located on the left mounting plate is a

result of the reflected surroundings and is not related to space exposure. The EPDS thermal

cover on the right side of the tray shows a light coating of brown contamination on the

Chemglaze II A-276 white paint. Markings along the top of the photograph are due to film

processing.

Figure 213

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1069.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13492

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00204

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray B I2

141
Figure 214 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The difference in the colors of the IDE detectors is a result of the reflected surroundings and is not

related to space exposure. The solar sensor located near the bottom of the photograph has

changed little. The color of the solar array baseplate shows indications of contamination and

appears to be darker than the detector mounting plate. A close observation of the detector surfaces reveals that some damage has occurred from meteoroid or debris impacts. One impact

crater is visible on the detector located in the sixth row down from the top and the fifth row

from the left. Other impacts, smaller in size, show as small white dots on the surface of the detectors.

Figure 214

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1737.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8189

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00234

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray B 12

Figure 215 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

center section cover plate shows little change except that a light coat of brown contamination

can be observed on all surfaces. The color of the bonding material, which was used to secure

several thin sapphire specimens to individual mounting plates at the bottom of the photograph,

has changed from pink to gold. For one specimen, the bonding material is more gray than gold

in color. This color difference has been attributed to the specimen being considerably thicker.

Figure 215

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1737.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8190

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00235

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray B 12

142
Figure 216 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray.

The different colors of the impact detectors are caused by reflections of the surroundings.

There are some space debris impact craters visible on some sensors. A large impact crater is

visible on the sensor located second from the right in the bottom row. There also appear to be

areas of discoloration or contamination around the edges of some sensors.

Figure 216

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1739.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8197

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00236

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Close-up of Upper Left of Tray B 12

Figure 217 (Postflight). This photograph is of the center left one-third of the tray. Space

debris impact craters are visible on some of the sensors. The different colors of the impact

detectors are caused by reflections of the surroundings. Some reflections of room surroundings

are visible in sensors in the left row. There also are areas of discoloration or contamination on

or around the edges of some sensors. The solar sensor located near the bottom of the photograph has changed little. The color of the solar array baseplate shows indications of contamination and is a little darker than the detector mounting plate.

Figure 217

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1739.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8198

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00237

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Center Left of Tray B 12

143
Figure 218 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. Space

debris impact craters are visible on some of the sensors. There also appear to be areas of discoloration or contamination on or around the edges of some sensors. The different colors of the

impact detectors are caused by reflections of the surroundings.

Figure 2 i 8

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1739.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8199

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00238

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray B 12

Figure 219 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of a sensor and shows a space debris

impact crater. This sensor is the second from the right in the second row from the bottom in the

photograph shown in figure 218. Other small impacts are also visible.

Figure 219

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1739. ! 0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8201

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00239

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Sensor on Tray B 12

144
Tray CI

This tray contained the grapple that was used by the RMS to deploy and to retrieve the

LDEF.

Figure 220 (Preflight). The tray assembly consisted of a modified 6-in-deep experiment

tray, a chromic-anodized aluminum mounting plate, and a standard mechanical grapple fixture

provided by JSC. Two aluminum plates, one in the upper left corner and one near the right center of the tray, covered access openings in the mounting plate. The black chevrons painted on

the left side of the mounting plate were used for tray identification. The camera target (black

with white markings) was attached to the right edge of the grapple fixture to assist the operator

in positioning the RMS end effecter during retrieval operations.

Figure 220

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4418.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7312

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00328

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/8/83

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C I

Figure 221 (In Flight). The grapple tray assembly appears to be without physical damage.

The camera on the RMS end effecter blocks out over half the target attached to the top edge of

the grapple fixture. The RMS wrist joint and shadow partially block a view of the black chevrons. The chromic-anodized aluminum mounting plate and the upper and lower flanges of the

tray are discolored by a light tan stain.

Figure 221

Photo No.: $32-89-048

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10501

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00135

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C1

145
Figure 222 (PostflighO. The grapple tray assembly appears to be without physical damage.

The dark irregular discoloration on the lower right corner of the grapple fixture mounting plate

is an abrasion that existed preflight. The pinkish tint on the mounting plate is a by-product of

the chromic anodizing process and is not attributed to exposure to the space environment. The

stripes on the black camera target and the tip of the vertical rod on the target have changed from

white to brown. The light band along the right edge of the grapple fixture mounting plate is

caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 222

Photo No.: KSC-390C-609.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17834

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00120

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C I

146
Tray C2

Free-Flyer Biostack Experiment (AO015)

Institute for Flight Medicine, DFVLR

Trays: C2 and G2

This experiment investigated the biological effect of cosmic radiation and microgravity on

biomolecules, cysts, spores, and plant seeds.

Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of Micrometeoroids by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (AO 187-2)

McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences

Max-Pianck Institute for Nuclear Physics

Munich Technical University

Ernst-Mach Institute

Dornier System Manufacturing Company

Trays: C2, E3+ and E8

The objective of this experiment was to measure the chemical and the isotopic composition

of interplanetary dust particles.

Space Environment Effects (M0006)

Air Force Technical Application Center

Perkin-Elmer

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

The City College

Tray: C2

The objective of this experiment was to expose samples of mirrors, fiber optic components,

semiconductors, polymer films, and seeds to the space environment for postflight analysis.

147
Figure 223 (Preflight). Experiment AO015 consisted of eight hermetically sealed aluminum housings coated with Chemglaze II A-276 white paint in the left one-third of the tray. The

canisters contained the test specimens and were mounted on an anodized aluminum baseplate.

Two canisters had windows covered with Kapton H foil that provided low-radiation absorption

and a light filter. Two other canisters had an anodized aluminum spherical cover with an open

area sufficient to limit incoming radiation from the albedo of the Earth.

Experiment AO187-2 utilized 40 experiment capture cells installed on 2 support panels tha!

were mounted in the center one-third of the tray. A capture cell consisted of four polished highpurity germanium plates covered with a 2.5-_tm-thick Mylar foil coated with 1300 A of tantalum, which was vapor deposited on the back, and 100 A of gold-palladium, which was vapor deposited on the front.

Experiment M0006 was contained within the EECC that was located in the right one-third

of the experiment tray. The canister was programmed to open in flight after the LDEF was

deployed and to close approximately 9 months after opening, which was prior to the scheduled

retrieval of the LDEF.

Figure 223

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 144.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7057

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00342

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: i/I 1/84

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C2

148
Figure 224 (In Flight). A brown stain is on the experiment hardware within the tray.

Experiment AO015 has survived the extended mission with no visible damage. The Kapton

covers are intact and all hardware is securely in place. Experiment AO187-2 capture cells have

been severely degraded. Few, if any, of the 40 capture cell metallized Mylar covers survived

the total mission. For many cells, pieces of the failed capture cover have curled into tight conical needles and are attached to the edges of the aluminum mounting frame.

The EECC containing experiment M0006 appears to be in excellent shape.

Figure 224

Photo No.: $32-89-029

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10498

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00133

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: i/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C2

Figure 225 (Postflight). Most hardware is coated with a light brown or tan stain. Only one

metallized Mylar cover for experiment AO187-2 survived the total mission. For other cells,

pieces of the failed metallized Mylar cover curled into a tight conical shape and adhered to the

edges of the aluminum mounting frame.

Figure 225

Photo No.: KSC-390C-609.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17835

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00121

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: i/30190

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C2

149
Figure 226 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The biostack canisters have no damage, but there is a dimple in one orange Kapton cover dome. The

canisters were white prior to flight, but are now a light tan.

Figure 226

Photo No.: KSC-390C- ! 918.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9048

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00427

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/! 3/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C2

Figure 227 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. All the

visible metallized Mylar capture cell covers have rolled up and are hanging loose. There are

reflections of surrounding areas in the face of some capture cells.

Figure 227

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1918.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9049

LISAR No.: L-1994-00428

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I 3/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C2

150
Figure 228 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The canisters appear undamaged. The biostack canisters that were white prior to flight now have a light

tan discoloration.

Figure 228

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1918.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9051

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00429

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C2

Figure 229 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. All but

one of the metallized Mylar covers have rolled up and are hanging loose. There are reflections

of surrounding areas in the face of some capture cells.

Figure 229

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1918.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9052

LIS AR No.: EL- 1994-00430

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/13/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray C2

151
Tray C3

Multiple Foil Microabrasion Package (MAP) (AO023)

University of Kent

Trays: C3, C9, DI2, E6, and H11

The objective of this experiment was to capture micrometeoroids and space debris particles

with multiple thin aluminum and brass foil arrays, which ranged in thickness from 1.5 gm to

30 ,urn. This experiment looked for size, velocity, composition, and distribution of solid parti- cles in the near-Earth environment.

Atomic Oxygen Stimulated Outgassing (AO034)

Southern University

NASA MSFC

Trays: C3 and C9

The objective of this experiment was to determine if the impingement of atomic oxygen in

the near Earth environment is a major factor in producing outgassed products that are optically damaging.

Interaction of Atomic Oxygen With Solid Surfaces at Orbital Altitudes (AO114)

University of Alabama in Huntsville

NASA MSFC

Trays: C3 and C9

The objective of this experiment was to determine atomic oxygen and surface interactions

in the energy range near 5 eV by exposing a wide variety of surfaces to the intense atomic flux found in flight.

Interplanetary Dust Experiment ODE) (AO201 )

Institute for Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: B12, C3, C9, D6, G I0, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

152
Figure 230 (Preflight). Experiment AO023 in the left one-third of the tray utilized thinfilm detectors bonded to brass mesh supports. The support mesh was then bonded to die-cast

aluminum frames. The die-cast aluminum frames, stacked two high, were placed over a polished aluminum stop plate and the combined assembly was bolted to an aluminum mounting

plate.

Experiment AO034 in the upper center one-sixth of the tray exposed selected thermal control coatings to atomic oxygen and the synergistic effects of the space environment. Modules

defined 25 individual compartments for thermal control specimens. Optical mirrors were

located adjacent to the thermal control samples to assess damaging outgassing.

Experiment AO114 in the lower center one-sixth of the tray contained 64 l-in-diameter

solid samples, which included thin-film metals and nonmetals.

Experiment AO201, which was located in the right one-third of the tray, exposed 80 detectors that are described in figure 21 I.

Figure 230

Photo No.: KSC-384C-15.01

Dup. Neg.: L84-7015

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00332

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/9/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C3

153
Figure 231 (In Flight). There is a brown stain on the tray structure and most aluminum

surfaces of experiments within the tray. Experiment AO023 appears intact. The blue tint on the

detector foils and also on the polished aluminum stop plates between the detector stacks is the

reflection of the sky on the metallic surfaces.

The S I3G-LO white paint on experiment AO114 has turned to a light tan with darker areas

near the coverplate edges and above the polished aluminum cover plate. The blue tint on the

polished aluminum cover plate and some of the specimen materials is attributed to a reflection of the sky.

The hardware of experiment AO201 that is not in shadow appears to have a thin brown film

or stain on the exposed surfaces. The colors in the mirrorlike surface of the detectors are a

reflection of the sky and the clouds.

Figure 231

Photo No.: $32-77-065

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10416

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00682

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Fright

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C3

154
Figure 232 (Postflight). Experiment surfaces have a brown stain that is consistent with

other areas on the trailing side of the LDEF. Most noticeable is that the coverplate of experiment AO114, which was painted with white paint (S13G-LO), is now light tan.

Experiment AO023 has no visible damage. The die-cast frame, the mesh, the detector foils,

and the bond joints are intact. Reflections from the photographic light sources are visible on the

surfaces of specimens located in the cavities behind the cover plate.

The colors and designs on detectors of experiment AO201 are reflections of the surrounding area.

Figure 232

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1558.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9090

LI SAR No.: EL- 1994-00213

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C3

Figure 233 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The hardware of experiment AO023 appears intact, but some discoloration on the mounting hardware

surfaces is apparent. Considerable staining is visible along the bond line between the support

mesh and die-cast frame where the adhesive may not have been completely cleaned during prelaunch preparations. Reflections in the foil surfaces are visible.

Figure 233

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1558.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-909!

'. LISAR No.: EL-1994-00339

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C3

155
Figure 234 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. Experiment AO034 has some unitorm brown discoloration on Ihe cover plate surface. Reflections

from photographic lights are visible on the sensor surfaces.

_ "- _ _ _ ,IL A t_

Figure 234

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1558.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9092

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00340

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C3

Figure 235 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

sensors of experiment AO201 are intact. There is a brown discoloration on the detector frames

and baseplate. A ref/ection of the room surroundings is visible in the sensor surfaces.

Figure 235

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1558.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9093

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00351

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray C3

156
Figure 236 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The hardware of experiment AO023 is intact, but some discoloration on the mounting hardware surfaces

is apparent. Considerable staining is visible along the bond line between the support mesh and

the die-cast frame where the adhesive may not have been completely cleaned during prelaunch

preparations. Reflections in the foil surfaces are visible.

!

1

• |

|

|

°I

Figure 236

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1558.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9094

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00352

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C3

Figure 237 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

sensors of experiment AO114 seem to be intact. The paint that was originally white on the

faceplate is now a uniform light tan. The polished aluminum face plate insert in the upper right

quadrant has become darker.

Figure 237

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1558.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9095

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00364

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray C3

157
Figure 238 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

sensors of experiment AO201 are intact. There is a brown discoloration on the detector frames

and baseplate. A reflection of the nearby surroundings is visible in the sensor surfaces.

Figure 238

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1558.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9096

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00365

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray C3

158
Tray C4

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A0, A12, Bl, B2, B6, B8, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell, Fi, F3, F5,

F7, F10, Fll, G4, G8, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

Figure 239 (In Flight). The greenish-gray tint on the debris panels is a by-product of the

chromic anodize coating process. The dark green smudge along the top right edge of the left

debris panel is the result of improper cleaning after prelaunch handling. The dark band across

the bottom of the panels is caused by a shadow from the tray sidewall.

Figure 239

Photo No.: $32-77-03 l

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10408

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00091

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/ 12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C4

159
Figure 240 (Postflight). The greenish-gray and pink tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The smudges on the panels along the bottom center of the

tray are the result of improper cleaning after panel installation. The light band along the sides

and across the top of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 240

Photo No.: KSC-390C-832.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13352

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00173

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflighl Survey of Tray C4

160
Tray C5

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO 178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, C1 i, DI, D5, D7, D11, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO178. No in-flight photograph was taken of tray C5.

Figure 241 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular with no apparent damage. The cover is less taut than in the in-flight photograph and the locations of Velcro attachment pads are less prominent. The green on the right one-third of the thermal cover are

reflections from the surroundings. The scallop effect around the cover edges occurs between

the attachment pads and shows the upper edge of the support frame. The ground strap is

in place with no visible damage: however, it is a deeper copper color than in the prelaunch

photograph.

Figure 241

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1467.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8928

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00205

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C5

161
Tray C6

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, A10, B5. B7, C5, C6, C8, C! 1, DI, D5. D7, D11, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experi- ment AO 178.

No in-flight photograph was taken for tray C6.

Figure 242 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular with no apparent damage. The green on the right one-third of the thermal cover are reflections from the surroundings.

The ground strap is in place with no visible damage: however, it is a deeper copper color than

in the prelaunch photograph.

Figure 242

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1467.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8905

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00206

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C6

162
Tray C7

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, Ai2, BI, B2, B6, BS, BI 1, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, E! 1, Fi, F3, F5,

F7, F10, FI1, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

No in-flight photograph was available.

Figure 243 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The two white spots in the lower left quadrant of the left

debris panel appear to be debris impact craters. The light band along the right side and across

the bottom of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 243

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1032.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13427

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00032

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C7

163
Tray C8

A High-Resolution Study of Uitraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2+ A4, Ai0, B5, B7+ C5, C6, C8, CI 1, D1, D5, D7, D! 1, E2, El(), and F4

See section entitled +'Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experi- ment AO i 78.

Figure 244 (In Flight). The ground strap located in the center of the lower flange is intact

but with a much darker copper color than in the prelaunch photograph. The thermal cover surface appears to have changed from specular to opaque (glossy white) and to be marked with

many black dots of various sizes that appear to be impacts or penetrations. Many discolorations

have a black center encircled by a brown halo. The cover appears to be more taut than in the

prelaunch photograph and the locations of Velcro attachment pads appear as oblong indenta- tions in the thermal cover.

Figure 244

Photo No.: $32-76-008

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10376

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00661

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C8

164
Figure 245 (Postflight). The thermal cover surface appears to have changed from specular

to opaque (glossy white) with many black dots of various sizes that appear to be impact or penetration discolorations. Many of the discolorations appear to have a black center encircled by a

brown halo and then by a white halo. Other white circular discolorations also appear on the

cover surface. The darker discolorations are probably the result of craters penetrating the 5-mil

Teflon film, thus allowing atomic oxygen to oxidize or erode the layer of vapor-deposited silver beneath. An item of interest is the impact crater in the lower right corner of the cover that

has a spray pattern originating from the point of impact. The cover is not as taut as in the inflight photograph and the locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The

ground strap is in place with no visible damage; however, it is a deeper copper color.

Figure 245

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1543.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8886

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00212

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C8

Figure 246 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 246

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1543. l0

Dup. Neg.: L91-8887

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00154

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C8

165
Figure 247 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 247

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1543.1 i

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8888

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00155

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C8

Figure 248 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 248

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1543. i 2

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8889

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00156

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEI= II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray C8

166
Figure 249 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 249

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1544.03

Dup. Neg. No.:L91-8892

L|SAR No.: EL- 1994-00259

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray C8

Figure 250 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachrnent pads are evident.

Figure 250

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1544.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8893

L|SAR No.: EL-1994-00260

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray C8

167
Figure 251 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque with numerous discolored impacts or penetrations. The thermal

cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 25 !

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1544.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8894

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00274

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C8

Figure 252 (Postflight). This close-up is of an impact or penetration in the lower right of

the tray. A pronounced spray pattern extends away from the point of impact.

Figure 252

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1544.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8895

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00275

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Impact Point in Tray C8

168
Tray C9

Multiple Foil Microabrasion Package (MAP) (AO023)

University of Kent

Trays: C3, C9, DI2, E6, and H11

The objective of this experiment was to capture micrometeoroids and space debris particles

with multiple thin aluminum and brass foil arrays, which ranged in thickness from 1.5 _m to

30 [am. This experiment looked for size, velocity, composition, and distribution of solid particles in the near-Earth environment.

Atomic Oxygen Stimulated Outgassing (AO034)

Southern University

NASA MSFC

Trays: C3 and C9

The objective of this experiment was to determine if the impingement of atomic oxygen in

the near-Earth environment is a major factor in producing outgassed products that are optically

damaging.

Interaction of Atomic Oxygen with Solid Surfaces at Orbital Altitudes (AO114)

University of Alabama in Huntsville

NASA MSFC

Trays: C3 and C9

The objective of this experiment was to determine atomic oxygen and surface interactions

in the energy range near 5 eV by exposing a wide variety of surfaces to the intense atomic flux

found in flight.

Interplanetary Dust Experiment ODE) (AO201)

Institute for Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: B12, C3, C9, D6, G10, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

169
Figure 253 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph shows the location of four experiments

integrated into a 3-in-deep tray. Experiment AO023 is located in the left one-third, experiment

AO034 in the upper center, experiment AO114 in the lower center, and experiment AO201 in

the right one-third of the tray. Experiment AO201 is described in figure 211 and the other

experiments are described in figure 230.

Figure 253

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 14.03

Dup. Neg.: L84-7005

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00330

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/9/84

Location: KSC SAEF il

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C9

Figure 254 (In FlighO. The tray appears to be unchanged from the preflight condition

except for a little discoloration around some fasteners and on the mounting plates. Reflections

of the surroundings appear to exist on some sensor surfaces. All experiment hardware appears

intact. The color of the center coverplates was influenced by lighting conditions.

Figure 254

Photo No.: $32-78-100

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-1045 l

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00022

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C9

170
Figure 255 (Postflight). The tray corner clamp blocks are unanodized aluminum, which

accounts for the difference in color between the corner clamp blocks and the center clamp

blocks. All experiments are intact. Reflections of the surroundings are visible in the sensor

surfaces.

Figure 255

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1030.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13407

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00143

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C9

Figure 256 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The mesh

support, the detector foils, and the bond joints show no sign of physical failure. There are some

darker contamination stains in areas on the die-cast aluminum frames where adhesive residue

remained after preflight cleaning.

I

e

Figure 256

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1538.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8840

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00692

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C9

171
Figure 257 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower one-sixth of the tray. Experiment

AO114 shows a little change in the color of the white paint. A very faint tan tint exists around

the outside edges of the cover plate and the outside ring of fasteners. The material specimens

remain intact in their mountings and seem to have survived well the exposure to the space environment. The polished aluminum cover plate has darkened and seems to have a duller finish

than in the preflight photograph.

Figure 257

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1538.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8841

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00693

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Part of Tray C9

Figure 258 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. Close

inspection of the photograph reveals several locations where impacts on detector surfaces are

visible. A faint gold or tan stain is visible around several fasteners and in a rectangular configuration near the center along the bottom edge of the detector mounting plate. Stains are also visible near the top right edge of the solar sensor, on the mounting plate, and around the extreme

edges of the solar sensor baseplate. The colors and designs on the detectors are reflections of the surrounding area.

Figure 258

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1538.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8842

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00694

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF il

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray C9

172
Figure 259 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The sensor foils are intact, but some areas of the mounting frames appear discolored.

Figure 259

Photo No.: KSC-390C- ! 538.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8848

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00648

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C9

Figure 260 (Postflight). This close-up is of a portion of the upper center one-sixth of the

tray. The test specimens appear intact. Some shadows appear on some of the recessed test

specimens.

Figure 260

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1540.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8858

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00[52

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C9

173
Figure 261 (PostflighO. This close-up is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

impact sensors are intact. The different colors are reflections of the surrounding area. Evidence

of space debris impacts are visible on some of the lighter colored sensors. Some light discoloration is visible around the baseplate fasteners.

Figure 261

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1542.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10128

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00153

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray C9

174
Tray C10

This tray contained the grapple that was used by the RMS to activate the experiment initiate

system.

Figure 262 (Preflight). The tray assembly consisted of a modified 6-in-deep peripheral

experiment tray, a chromic-anodized aluminum mounting plate with chamfered corners, an initiate switch assembly, an initiate system status indicator assembly, nonmagnetic stainless steel

fasteners, and a modified mechanical grapple fixture that was provided by JSC with a camera

target attached. The camera target, which was black with white markings, was attached to the

right edge of the grapple fixture and assisted the operator in positioning the RMS end effecter.

The opening in the upper left comer of the mounting plate provided access to the initiate system activation connectors and was covered by an aluminum plate prior to installing the LDEF

in the cargo bay of the orbiter. The black square in the right center of the mounting plate adjacent to the camera target, is the initiate system status indicator assembly. Scratch marks tYom

preassembly activities are visible on the lower right corner and on the upper left corner slightly

below the access opening of the grapple fixture mounting plate.

Figure 262

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4418.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7314

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00317

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/8/83

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C10

175
Figure 263 (In Flight). The grapple tray assembly appears to be wilhout physical damage. The color of the tray and surrounding areas of the LDEF have a somewhat unrealistic pink

or orange cast. The dark gray circular discolorations on the outer section of the grapple fixture

appear to be the locations of impact craters where the surrounding surface coating has been disturbed.

Figure 263

Photo No.: $32-78-073

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10443

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00016

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: !/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C !0

Figure 264 (Postflight). The grapple tray assembly is without physical damage. The chromic anodized aluminum mounting plate is in prelaunch condition with only a very light tan discoloration. The aluminum cover plate located in the lower right corner of the tray has a number

of irregular darker discolorations around the outer edges that appear to be fingerprints. The

dark gray circular discolorations on the outer section of the grapple fixture are impact craters

where the surrounding surface coating has been disturbed.

Figure 264

Photo No.: KSC-390C-612.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17794

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00161

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C 10

176
Figure 265 (Postflight). This close-up is of one of the impact craters o11the grapple fixture.

Other small impact areas are visible.

Figure 265

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3388.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-8814

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00610

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray C 10

177
Tray CI1

A High-Resolution Study of UItraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, Al0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, D[, D5, D7, D1 l, E2, El0, and F4

mentSeeAOsection 178. entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 lbr a typical preflight photograph of experiFigure 266 (In Flight). The thermal cover surface appears to have changed from specular

to opaque. There are indications of a number of impacts on or penetrations of the thermal

cover. The cover is more taut than in the prelaunch photograph and the locations of Velcro

attachment pads are apparent. The ground strap is in place with no visible damage, but it is a darker color.

Figure 266

Photo No.: $32-78-042

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10434

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00010

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray Cll

178
Figure 267 (Postflight). The thermal cover surface appears to have changed from specular

to opaque with many black dots of various sizes that indicate impacts on or penetrations of the

thermal cover. Photographic light reflections wash out many of the details. The cover is not as

taut as in the in-flight photograph and locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground strap is in place with no visible damage, but it is a deeper copper color.

Figure 267

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2109.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9372

L|SAR No.: EL- 1994-00299

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C i 1

Figure 268 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The numerous discolorations indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Velcro thermal

cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 268

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2109. i 0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9373

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00484

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C11

179
Figure 269 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The

numerous discolorations indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Velcro

thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 269

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2109.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9374

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00485

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C 11

Figure 270 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

white area at the upper edge is a result of darkroom film splicing. The thermal cover appears

opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The numerous discolorations

indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Velcro thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 270

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2109.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9375

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00486

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray C I 1

180
Figure 271 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The numerous discolorations indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Velcro thermal

cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 271

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2111.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17087

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00487

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C 11

Figure 272 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The

numerous discolorations indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Veicro

thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 272

Photo No.: KSC 390C-2111.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17088

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00488

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray C11

181
Figure 273 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. The

numerous discolorations indicate impacts on or penetrations of the thermal cover. The Veicro

thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 273

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2111.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17089

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00489

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray C I 1

Figure 274 (Postflight). This close-up is of two impacts or penetrations with overlapping discolored areas on tray C I 1.

Figure 274

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2112.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10151

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00490

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF !I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Overlapping Impacts or

Penetrations on Tray C I 1

182
Tray C12

Fiber Optic Data Transmission Experiment (SO 109)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Tray: C 12

The objective of this experiment was to test fiber optic components in the space environment to determine their ability to operate over long periods of time without degradation of

performance.

Figure 275 (Preflight). The experiment included four fiber optic cables (two black, one

blue, and one bright orange). Each cable was configured into a planar, helix coil. The coils

were attached to the thermally isolated mounting plates with black anodized aluminum clips

cushioned with silicone-rubber spacers. The four mounting plates were coated with off-white

thermal control paint and the exposed surface of the cover plate was coated with Chemglaze lI

A-276 white paint to meet thermal control requirements. Six additional coils of fiber optic

cable samples, secured with nylon cable ties, were in the bottom of the tray (four were below

the mounting plates and two were below the cover plate). Each sample terminated in connectors that were mounted in brackets in the tray bottom or on the back of the thermally isolated

mounting plates.

Figure 275

Photo No.: KSC-384C-300.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4395

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00025

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/20/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray C 12

183
Figure 276 (In Flight). The experiment appears to be without physical damage. The colors of two of the four exposed coils of the fiber optic cables have changed significantly. The

cable located in the upper right corner, originally a bright orange, appears to be dark brown and

the cable in the lower left has changed from a light blue to a blue gray. Two brown circular discolorations have appeared. One discoloration is on the lower edge of the mounting plate in the

upper left and one is on the upper edge of the mounting plate in the lower right. Dark brown

irregular-shaped discolorations are visible along the lower edge and on each of the vertical

edges of the cover plate.

Figure 276

Photo No.:$32-89-048

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10501

LISAR No.: El+- 1994-00135

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/I 2/90

Location: In Flighl

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray C12

Figure 277 (Postflight). The colors of two coils of the externally mounted fiber optic

cables have changed significantly from preflight. Four dark brown areas of discoloration are

visible around the openings to the tray interior: these openings are located in the vertical seam

between the mounting plates. Dark brown irregular discolorations are also visible along the

vertical and upper edges of the cover plate. An irregular vertical stain (not observed in the

in-flight photograph) on the upper right corner of the cover plate is now visible.

Figure 277

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9317

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00300

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray C 12

184
Figure 278 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixlh of the tray. The

cover without cable has extensive brown contamination along the left and upper edges and

around the fasteners. There is a postretrieval liquid run on the upper right corner area of the

cover. The existence of a liquid after almost 6 years in space was a surprise. There is also a

flow pattern extending from the top edge near the left corner.

Figure 278

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9318

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00616

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray C 12

Figure 279 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

cable has changed from a light blue to a blue gray. The color of the silicone-rubber spacers

under the coil attachment clips have changed from clear to brown and have discolored the fiber

coils in areas adjacent to the spacers. A flow pattern of discoloration appears to extend downward from fasteners used to secure the four mounting plates.

Figure 279

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9319

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00526

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray C 12

185
Figure 280 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips have changed from clear to brown and

have discolored the fiber coils in areas adjacent to the spacers.

Figure 280

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9320

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00527

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray C 12

Figure281 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The

cover without cable has extensive brown contamination along the left edge. There is also a flow

pattern extending up from the bottom edge.

Figure 281

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9321

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00619

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray C12

186
Figure 282 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips have changed from clear to brown and

have discolored the fiber coils in areas adjacent to the spacers. A flow pattern of discoloration

appears to extend downward from fasteners used to secure the four mounting plates.

Figure 282

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9322

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00528

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray C ! 2

Figure 283 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

cable, originally a bright orange, is dark brown. The silicone-rubber spacers under the coil

attachment clips have changed from clear to brown and have discolored the fiber coils in areas

adjacent to the spacers. A flow pattern of discoloration appears to extend downward from fasteners used to secure the four mounting plates.

Figure 283

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2204.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9323

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00506

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray C 12

187
Figure 284 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the postretrieval liquid run on the

upper right of the cover without cable cover, which is shown in figure 278. Note the extensive

brown contamination in the upper center.

Figure 284

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2205.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9334

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00507

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray C 12

Figure 285 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper center coil, which shows

the silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips. The spacers have changed from

clear to brown and have discolored the fiber coils in areas adjacent spacers.

Figure 285

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2205.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9336

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00508

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center Coil of

Tray C 12

188
Figure 286 (Postflight). This photograph is of the area beneath the cover without cable.

The far side wall and the bottom of the tray appeared wet with brown contamination along the

cover edges.

\

Figure 286

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2210. !0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9313

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00535

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray C 12

189
Tray DI

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute tot Advanced Studies ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, DI, D5, D7, D11, E2, El0, and F4

mentSeeAO178. section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiFigure 287 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to be without physical damage, but it is

more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The glossy blue appearance of the thermal cover in

this photograph is apparently caused by the lighting conditions and not by a change in the material optical properties. A few white dots and circular indentations are probably impact on or

penetrations of the thermal cover. Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 287

Photo No: $32-89-042

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10500

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00134

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/I 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D 1

190
Figure 288 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears specular and no change from in-flight

condition is indicated. The bright irregular discoloration located above the grounding strap at

about one-third of the height of the thermal cover from the bottom edge did not appear in the

in-flight photograph. The discoloration appears to be a piece of material from a degraded

experiment that has become attached to the cover. The cover has numerous white dots that may

also be debris from other degraded experiments. The cover is less taut than in the in-flight

photograph, but the locations of the Velcro attachment pads are still evident.

Figure 288

Photo No: KSC-390C- 1066.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13478

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00188

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D1

Figure 289 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Veicro

attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetration discolorations and small debris from

nearby degraded experiments are visible.

! Figure 289

Photo No: KSC-390C-2284.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9292

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00567

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D 1

191
Figure 290 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetration discolorations and small

debris from nearby degraded experiments are visible.

Figure 290

Photo No: KSC-390C-2284.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9293

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00568

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D 1

Figure 291 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetralioa discolorations and small

debris from nearby degraded experiments are visible.

Figure 291

Photo No: KSC-390C-2284.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9294

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00569

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D I

192
Figure 292 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro

attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetration discolorations and small debris from

nearby degraded experiments are visible.

Figure 292

Photo No: KSC-390C-2284.1 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9298

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00570

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray DI

Figure 293 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular. The tear in the lower center of the cover occurred during tray

removal. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and

color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetration discolorations and small debris from nearby degraded experiments are visible.

Figure 293

Photo No: KSC-390C-2284.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9299

LISAR No.: EL- ! 994-0057 !

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D 1

193
Figure 294 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are obvious. A few impact or penetration discolorations and small

debris from nearby degraded experiments are visible.

Figure 294

Photo No: KSC-390C-2285.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10156

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00572

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflig.ht Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D !

194
Tray D2

Effects of Solar Radiation on Glasses (AO172)

NASA MSFC

Vanderbilt University

Trays: D2 and G 12

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of solar radiation and space

environment on glasses.

Study of Factors Determining the Radiation Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Oscillators

(AO189)

Martin Marietta Laboratories

Tray: D2

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether there is a correlation between

defect cluster concentrations that were observed in different grades of quartz examined by

transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the electrical stability of quartz resonators

exposed to the complex radiation of the orbital environment of the LDEF.

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, B8, B11, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, El 1, FI, F3. F5,

F7, FI0, Fl 1, G4, G8. and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for experiment objective.

195
Figure 295 (Preflight). Experiment AO172, which was located in the lower left comer of

the tray, contained 68 disc-shaped glass samples mounted in Teflon retainers and installed on

an aluminum mounting plate that was painted with Chemglaze 1I A-276 white paint.

Experiment AO189, which was located in the upper left comer, consisted of 14 5-MHz

fifth-overtone AT-cut resonators, 10 unshielded hold-down cages, and 4 radiation shields. The

experiment was mounted on an aluminum mounting plate in one-sixth of the tray. Ten resonators, in glass cases, are protruding through the open top of the aluminum hold-down cages. The

tour remaining resonators were shielded from radiation and used as controls. The diagonal

white stripes, painted with Chemglaze II A-276 white paint, provided thermal control.

Experiment $0001 consisted of 3/! 6-in-thick chromic anodized aluminum panels mounted

in the right two-thirds of the tray.

Figure 295

Photo No.: KSC-384C-317.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7158

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00642

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/23/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D2

Figure 296 (In Flight). The aluminum mounting plate of experiment AO172, which was

painted with Chemglaze 1I A-276 white paint, is now a uniform brown as are the diagonal

stripes on experiment AO 189. Light reflections appear on the unpainted stripes of experiment

AO189. Reflected light obscures any color definition of the panels of experiment S0001.

Figure 296

Photo No.: $32-89-013

Dup. Neg. No.: L90- 10495

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00130

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/! 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D2

196
Figure 297 (Postflight). The surfaces of experiments AO 172 and AO 189 that were painted

with Chemglaze I1 A-276 white paint are now a uniformly discolored tan. The faint patterns in

experiment S0001 panels were observed in preflight.

Figure 297

Photo No.: KSC-390C-731.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17662

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00165

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/1/90

Location: KSC O & C building

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D2

Figure 298 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The sensors appear undamaged, but the paint strips that were white before flight are now tan. Light

reflections make imperfections in the surface finish that existed before flight more visible.

Figure 298

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2038.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9265

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00462

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D2

197
Figure 299 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The sensors appear undamaged, but the white paint on the baseplate is now tan.

Figure 299

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2038.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9270

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00463

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D

198
Tray D3

Trapped Proton Energy Spectrum Determination (M0002-1)

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory

NASA MSFC

Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center

Clarkson College of Technology

Emmanuel College

Eastern Kentucky University

Trays: D3, D9, and G12

The objectives of this experiment were to measure the flux and the energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to 10 MeV.

Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials (M0003)

The Aerospace Corporation

Trays: D3, D4, DS, and D9

The objective of this experiment was to understand changes in the properties and structure

of materials that were exposed to the space environment and to compare these changes with

predictions that were based on laboratory experiments.

Figure 300 (Preflight). This figure shows the experiment tray, which is divided into six

sections. In the lower right corner is one of three modules for experiment M0002-1. The other

five sections of the tray contained experiment M0003, which consisted of coatings, thermal

paints, polymers, glasses, composites, semiconductors, and detectors that were examined for

data on environmental parameters.

Figure 300

Photo No.:KSC-384C-210.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4385

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00360

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/16/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D3

199
Figure 301 (In Flight). Experiment M0003 appears to be in good condition except that

approximately half of the thin-film polymers in the lower right tray section are loose at one

end. Other material samples seem intact, but they appe_r discolored. Experiment M0002-1

appears to be without physical damage, but it has a light tan discoloration on the detector housings and the surfaces of the experiment support structure.

Figure 301

Photo No.: $32-89-008

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10494

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00129

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D3

Figure 302 (Postflight). No significant differences from in-flight conditions are apparent.

Many experiment specimens and mounting hardware are discolored. The damaged thin-film

polymers in the lower left are still attached. Other parts of lhe experiments appear intact.

Figure 302

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1485.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9252

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-0(/210

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF iI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D3

200
Figure 303 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The metallized and coated polymers appear to have survived the exposure intact, but discolorations are

apparent.

Figure 303

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1485.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9253

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00064

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D3

Figure 304 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. Most

test specimens appear intact, but there appears to be significant brown discoloration on specimens and specimen mounting hardware. Composite material samples located in upper right,

upper center, and lower center remain intact, but they are bleached or discolored.

Figure 304

Photo N o.: KSC-390C- 1485.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9254

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00065

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D3

201
Figure 305 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. Most

test specimens appear intact, but there seems to be significant brown discoloration on specimens and specimen mounting hardware. Composite material samples located in upper right,

upper center, and lower center remain intact, but they are bleached or discolored.

Figure 305

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1485.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9255

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00066

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D3

Figure 306 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. Many of

the thin-film polymers are loose at one end. The Teflon covers and the large square and the

rectangle in the center appear to remain intact; however, they have changed from silver to

milky white where components are located beneath them and to a gold color where there are no

components. Surfaces and mounting hardware appear to have significant brown discoloration.

Figure 306

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1485.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9256

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00067

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail Survey of Lower Left of

Tray D3

202
Figure 307 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. Most

test samples appear intact, but samples and mounting hardware have extensive discolorations.

Composite material samples that are located in the upper right, the upper center, and the lower

center remain intact, but they are bleached or discolored.

Figure 307

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1485.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9257

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00093

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail Survey of Lower Center of

Tray D3

Figure 308 (Postflight). Experiment M0002-1 in the Dower right one-sixth of the tray

appears intact, but it is a somewhat uniform tan rather than white, which was the color it was

painted before flight.

Figure 308

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1485.1 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9258

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00094

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D3

203
Tray D4

Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials (M0003)

The Aerospace Corporation

Trays: D3, D4, DS, and D9

The objective of this experiment was to understand changes in the properties and the structure of materials that were exposed to the space environment and to compare these changes

with predictions that were based on laboratory experiments.

Figure 309 (Preflight). The experiment tray was divided into three sections. The right section provided space for the EPDS. The center section accommodated the signal conditioning

unit (SCU) and an experiment mounting plate, which was populated with composite material

samples on an aluminum substructure. The left section housed the EECC with a complement of

experiment samples consisting of coatings, thermal paints, polymers, glasses, and semiconductors. Detectors within the experiment provide environmental data lbr use in postflight analyses.

in this figure, the EPDS cover has a white thermal control paint (Chemglaze II A-276). The

SCU cover is also coated with a white thermal control paint, IITRI S13GLO, and the EECC is

covered with a chromic anodized aluminum thermal cover.

Figure 309

Photo No.: KSC-384C-210.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4382

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00359

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/16/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D4

204
Figure 310 (In Flight). The Chemglaze II A-276 white paint on the EPDS cover has

changed to a medium brown and the IITRI S13G-LO white paint has become light tan or offwhite. Colors of the composite material samples are bright and clear. Some material samples

appear to be blue in this photograph, although they did not in prelaunch or postflight photographs. The mounting plate of the composite materials experiment has discolorations that vary

from a light tan to a medium brown. The rectangular aluminum cover plate located in the upper

center of the experiment is a uniform light brown. The thermal covers on the EECC appear to

have changed to lavender or purple in this photograph; however the covers maintain the color

of anodized aluminum in postflight photos. The dark square discolorations on the upper corners

of the thermal cover are pads of tape used to cover exposed sharp corners. The pads were not in

place in the prelaunch photograph.

Figure 3 i 0

Photo No.: $32-89-004

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10493

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00128

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D4

Figure 311 (Postflight). Light reflections cause details to be less clear than in the in-flight

photograph. The painted covers are discolored and the composite materials experiment mounting plate has discolorations that vary from light tan to medium brown.

Figure 31 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1478.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9173

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00202

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D4

205
Figure 312 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

signal conditioning unit thermal cover that was painted with iITRI S13G-LO white paint has become light tan or off-white.

Figure 312

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1478.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9177

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00034

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D4

Figure 313 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

Chemglaze II A-276 white paint on the EPDS cover has turned from white to uniform brown.

Figure 313

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1478.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9178

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00035

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF iI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D4

206
Figure 314 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. Many

test specimens have changed color and some show signs of degradation. Some mounting hardware shows discoloration.

Figure 314

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1478.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9182

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00036

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D4

Figure 315 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test specimens have changed color and some show signs of

degradation. Some mounting hardware shows discoloration.

Figure 315

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1480.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9189

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00046

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Lower

Center of Tray D4

207
Figure 316 (PostflighO. This close-up photograph is of the upper right of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test specimens have changed color and some show signs of degradation. Some mounting hardware shows discoloration. The colors in the upper left area are

somewhat washed out because of the lighting.

Figure 3 ! 6

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1480.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9191

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00047

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Lower

Center of Tray D4

Figure 317 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower left of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test specimens have changed color and some show signs of degradation. Some mounting hardware shows discoloration.

Figure 317

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1480. l 1

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9193

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00048

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Lower

Center of Tray D4

208
Figure 318 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test specimens have changed color and some show signs of

degradation. Some mounting hardware shows discoloration.

Figure 318

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1482.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9156

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00050

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF |I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Lower

Center of Tray D4

209
Tray D5

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, Cll, D1, D5, D7, DI 1, E2, El(), and F4

The main objective of this experiment was to determine the relative abundance of cosmic

ray nuclei with a charge greater than Z = 65 atomic number near Earth.

Figure 319 (Preflight). Each tray of experiment AO178 contained three cylindrical pressure vessels, each of which was filled with a foam insert that housed four detector stacks. Each

tray was covered with a 5-mil silvered Teflon thermal control cover. The cover was supported

by an aluminum frame, which was an integral part of the experiment structure. The cover was

held in place by Velcro pads that were selectively located on the frame and on the back of the

cover. The silvered Teflon thermal cover, because it was highly reflective, mirrored images,

lights, and colors from the surrounding area. The strip extending over the lower flange was a

copper-coated pressure-sensitive tape that provided an electrical ground between the thermal

cover of the experiment and the LDEF structure. (This preflight photograph is typical for experiment AO178.)

Figure 319

Photo No.: KSC-384C-60.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7040

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00346

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/17/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D5

210
Figure 320 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to be without physical damage, but it is

more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The glossy blue-black appearance of the thermal

cover in this photograph is due to lighting conditions and not to a change in the material optical

properties. The oblong indentations in the thermal cover are in areas where Velcro pads are

bonded to the back of the cover. The irregular discolorations on the cover surface are from

lighting and reflections. The white dots and the circular indents in the right center of the cover

may be impact locations. The ground strap appears to be in place and to have no visible damage.

Figure 320

Photo No.: $32-82-017

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10456

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00038

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D5

Figure 321 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. A

vertical strip of discoloration that is approximately 6-in. wide with a grainy pattern extends

from top to bottom along the left side of the thermal cover. This discoloration was visible prior

to flight. The cover appears less taut than in the in-flight photograph and locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground strap appears to be in place with no

visible damage: however, the color appears darker than in the prelaunch photograph.

Figure 32 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2277.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10204

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00311

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D5

211
Figure 322 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The

grainy pattern in the surface finish, which is visible in the light reflection was on lhe material

prior to flight. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective

properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The localions of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 322

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2277.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10205

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00543

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D5

Figure 323 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 323

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2277.12

Dup. Neg. No.: Lgl-10206

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00544

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF !I

Subject: Postfligh! Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D5

212
Figure 324 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 324

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2279.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10208

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00545

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D5

Figure 325 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The grainy pattern in the surface finish,

which is visible in the light reflection, was on the material prior to flight. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations

of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 325

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2279.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10212

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00546

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D5

213
Figure 326 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of" the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Veicro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 326

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2279.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10213

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00547

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D5

Figure 327 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 327

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2279.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10214

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00559

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF Ii

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D5

214
Tray D6

Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) (AO201)

Institute for Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: BI2, C3, C9, D6, GI0, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, B8, BI 1, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, E11, F1, F3, F5,

F7, FI0, Fi 1, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for experiment objective.

Figure 328 (Preflight). This prelaunch photograph shows two experiments in an integrated

tray. Experiment S0001 is passive and uses the left two-thirds of the exposed surface area. It

consists of two 3/I 6-in-thick chromic anodized aluminum panels.

Experiment AO201 is an active experiment that is located in the right one-third of the tray.

Experiment AO201 exposed 80 metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) capacitor-type impact sensors and

is shown in figure 2 i 1. The different colors are the reflection of several of the technicians and a

clean room work bench.

\ Figure 328

Photo No.: KSC-384C-15.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7024

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00333

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/9/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D6

215
Figure 329 (ln Flight). During the mission, the tray surface was at an angle of approximately 82 ° to the orbital velocity vector, and therelore it was exposed to a higher atomic oxygen flux than if it had been parallel with the velocity vector. Note the difference in color of the

paint dots on the tray clampblocks; there are white dots along the top edge, a light tan dot in the

center, and dark brown dots along the bottom of the photograph. This color change illustrates

the transition from the leading to the trailing sides. Experiment AO201, which is located in the

left side of the tray, seems to have a thin coat of the brown contamination stain. The detectors

show reflections of the sky and the cargo bay liner in the mirrorlike surfaces. The SDI plates

show fingerprints and a palm print that occurred during installation of the panels. These prints

are not visible on the preflight photograph.

Figure 329

Photo No.: $32-82-009

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10455

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00056

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/I 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D6

216
Figure 330 (Postflight). The direction and the intensity of the artificial light source caused

reflections that tended to wash out the brown stain on the aluminum structure. Experiment

AO201 appears to be in excellent condition in the postflight photograph. All bond joints seem

to have survived the space environment and the experiment hardware is intact. The blue in the

metallic surface of the detectors is caused by reflections of the surrounding area. The white

stripe running diagonally across the bottom two rows of detectors is the reflection of a safety

control rope that restricted access to the LDEF.

Figure 330

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1033.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13440

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00180

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D6

Figure 331 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The different colors of the detectors are due to reflections of surrounding areas. Some small impacts

on the sensors are visible. There is some discoloration of the mounting hardware and the

baseplate.

Figure 331

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2070.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10235

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00479

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/! 9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D6

217
Figure 332 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The different colors of the detectors are due to reflections of surrounding areas. Some small impacts

on the sensors are visible. There is some discoloration of lhe mounting hardware and baseplate.

Figure 332

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2070.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10236

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00480

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D6

Figure 333 (Postflight). This oblique view photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the

tray. The different colors of the detectors are due to reflections of the surrounding areas. Note

the reflection of the tray restraining bar in the surface of the right row of detectors.

Figure 333

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2071.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10238

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00481

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/! 9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D6

218
Figure 334 (Postflight). This oblique view photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the

tray. The different colors of the detectors are due to reflections of the surrounding areas. Note

the reflection of the tray restraining bar in the surface of the right row of detectors.

Figure 334

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2071.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10239

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00482

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D6

Figure 335 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of a sensor and shows an impact crater. The sensor is located at the lower left corner of the solar cell baseplate. Other areas on the

sensor also indicate impacts.

Figure 335

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2071.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10240

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00483

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray D6

219
Tray D7

A High-Resolution Study of Uitraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, BT, C5, C6, C8, C11, DI, D5, D7, DII, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 lbr a typical preflight photograph of experi- ment AO !78.

Figure 336 (In Flight). The thermal cover is without physical damage and is taut. The blue

appearance of the thermal cover in this photograph is due to lighting conditions and not a

change in the material optical properties. The oblong indentations in the thermal cover surface

are areas where Velcro attachment pads are bonded to the back of the cover. The surface of the

thermal cover appears to have small light blue circular discolorations of various sizes that

appear to be impacts. The white irregular shapes in the photograph are light reflections from

the edges of indentations in the cover surface. The scalloped edge along the left side of the thermal cover occurs between attachment pads. The ground strap is in place with no visible damage, but it also appears to be a deeper copper color than in the prelaunch photograph.

Figure 336

Photo No.: $32-82-050

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10464

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00062

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D7

220
Figure 337 (Postflight). The surface of the thermal cover appears specular with green and

white discolorations from photographic lights and reflections of the surrounding area. The

black or brown dots are impacts or penetrations. The cover is not as taut as in the in-flight

photograph and locations of the Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground

strap has no apparent physical damage, but it is a darker copper color than in the prelaunch

photograph.

Figure 337

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1472.02

Dup. Neg.: L91-10248

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00207

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D7

Figure 338 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The reflective

properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 338

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1472.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10255

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00194

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D7

221
Figure 339 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The rellective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The

locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 339

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1472.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10256

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00195

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D7

Figure 340 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The

locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 340

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1472.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10257

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00196

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postllight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D7

222
Figure 341 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The reflective

properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 34 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1473.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10262

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00208

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D7

Figure 342 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The

locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 342

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1473.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10263

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00209

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D7

223
Figure 343 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with some small discolored impacts or penetrations. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The

locations of the Velcro attachment pads are obvious.

Figure 343

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1473.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10264

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00033

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D7

224
Tray D8

Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials (M0003)

The Aerospace Corporation

Trays: D3, D4, DS, and D9

The objective of this experiment was to understand changes in the properties and structure

of materials that were exposed to the space environment and to compare these changes with

predictions that were based on laboratory experiments.

Figure 344 (Preflight). The experiment tray was divided into three sections. The right section provided space for the EPDS. The center section accommodated the SCU and an experiment mounting plate on an aluminum substructure, that was populated with composite material

samples. The left section housed the EECC with a complement of experiment samples that consisted of coatings, thermal paints, polymers, glasses, and semiconductors. Detectors within the

experiment provided environmental data for use in postflight analyses. The EPDS was underneath an aluminum cover, which was coated with a white thermal control paint (Chemglaze II

A-276). The SCU cover was also coated with IITRI S13GLO white paint for thermal control.

The EECC was covered with a chromic anodized aluminum thermal cover.

Figure 344

Photo No.: KSC-384C-193.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7066

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00355

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/12/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D8

225
Figure 345 (In Flight). The experiment hardware appears intact. The EPDS cover located

in the right one-third of the tray has no apparent change in color, but the SCU cover located

in the upper center one-sixth of the tray has a brownish tint with a darker tan strip along the

lower line of screws. Colors of the composite material samples are bright and clear. Some

material samples appear to be blue in this photograph, but they are not in prelaunch or post- flight photographs.

Figure 345

Photo No.: $32-76-013

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10377

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00662

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D8

Figure 346 (Postflight). There seems to be no change from the in-flight appearance. All

test specimens and hardware are intact. The EPDS cover, which was painted white, shows no

apparent change in color, but the white paint on the SCU cover has a slight brownish tint. Some

composite material samples are dull, some are discolored, and some are a different color from

the prellight photograph. The bright square discolorations on the upper corners of the thermal

cover are pads of tape that were used to cover sharp corners that were exposed. The pads were

not in place in the prelaunch photograph

Figure 346

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1031.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13419

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00145

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D8

226
Figure 347 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. Many

of the test samples have changed color and have degraded finishes. The test specimen mounting hardware has numerous brown discolorations.

Figure 347

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1534.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10309

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00650

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D8

Figure 348 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many of the test samples have changed color and have degraded finishes.

The test specimen mounting hardware has numerous brown discolorations.

Figure 348

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1535.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10311

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00651

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Lower

Center of Tray D8

227
Figure 349 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper right of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test samples have changed color and have degraded finishes. The

test specimen mounting hardware has numerous brown discolorations.

Figure 349

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1535.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10313

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00652

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Lower

Center of Tray D8

Figure 350 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower left of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many test samples have changed color and have degraded finishes. The

test specimen mounting hardware has numerous brown discolorations.

Figure 350

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1535.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10315

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00653

Photo Credit: KSC P

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Lower

Center of Tray D8

228
Figure 351 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right of the lower center

one-sixth of the tray. Many samples have changed color and have degraded finishes. The test

specimen mounting hardware has numerous brown discolorations.

Figure 351

Photo No. KSC-390C- 1535.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10317

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00690

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Lower

Center of Tray D8

229
Tray D9

Trapped Proton Energy Spectrum Determination (M0002-1 )

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory

NASA MSFC

Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center

Clarkson College of Technology

Emmanuel College

Eastern Kentucky University

Trays: D3, D9, and G I2

The objectives of this experiment were to measure the flux and the energy spectrum of protons with energies of I to 10 MeV.

Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials (M0003)

The Aerospace Corporation

Trays: D3, D4, D8. and D9

The objective of this experiment was to understand changes in the properties and structure

of materials that were exposed to the space environment and to compare these changes with

predictions that were based on laboratory experiments.

Figure 352 (Preflight). The experiment tray was divided into six sections. The lower right

section contained experiment M0002-1. The other five sections of the tray contained experiment M0003, which consisted of coatings, thermal paints, polymers, glasses, composites, semiconductors, and detectors that provided data on environmental parameters.

Figure 352

Photo No.: KSC-384C-8.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-6999

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00320

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/10/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D9

230
Figure 353 (In Flight). The experiments located in the upper left and upper center sections are heavily coated with debris particles from other degraded experiments. Experiments in

three of the five sections appear to have survived the mission with only minor physical damage.

Experiments in the other two sections have sustained damage to thin metallized and coated

polymer samples.

Figure 353

Photo No.: $32-78-093

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10450

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00124

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D9

Figure 354 (Postflight). Experiments in three of the five sections appear to have survived

the mission with minor physical damage. The experiments located in the upper left and upper

center sections do not have the loose debris particles from the degradation of other experiments

that were visible in the in-flight photograph. Experiments in the other two sections have sustained damage to thin metailized and coated polymer samples.

Figure 354

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10336

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00211

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D9

231
Figure 355 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thin

film on the lower left corner is damaged. A shadow is visible on the upper right quadrant. A

number of small impacts are visible.

Figure 355

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10337

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00095

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D9

Figure 356 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

test samples appear intact, but many are discolored.

Figure 356

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10338

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00324

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D9

232
Figure 357 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The test

samples appear intact, but there seems to be some discoloration near the upper left corner of the

baseplate.

Figure 357

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10339

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00096

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray D9

Figure 358 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. Many of

the thin-film test specimens have broken and are attached by one end. Other test specimens

appear intact, but some are discolored.

Figure 358

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10340

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00097

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D9

233
Figure 359 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. Loose

ends of thin-film test samples are visible at the lower lef! corner. Other test specimens appear intact, but have some discoloration.

Figure 359

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1529.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10341

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00649

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D9

.o.

Figure 360 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. This

experiment appears intact with some brown discoloration.

Figure 360

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1529.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10342

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00649

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D9

234
Tray D10

Space Plasma High-Voltage Drainage Experiment (SP HVD) (AO054)

TRW Space and Technology Group

Trays: B4 and DI0

The objective of this experiment was to place large numbers of dielectric samples under

electric stress in space to determine the long-term leakage of the dielectrics and the material

degradation caused by both the low-Earth-orbit environment and the high-voltage systems.

Figure 361 (Preflight). The experiment hardware is identical to that in tray B4 and shown

in figure 158. Experiment AO054 consisted of two identical sets of hardware: one was

mounted in tray B4 and the other was mounted in tray D I0. Each set of hardware, which was

self-contained within the experiment tray, consisted of six fiberglass-reinforced epoxy modules

that carried charged dielectric samples on top and power supplies and electronics underneath. Four dielectric samples of Kapton film with vapor-deposited aluminum on one side

(VDA-Kapton film) were bonded to each of the fiberglass modules with a silver-filled conductive epoxy adhesive. The spaces between the modules and between the modules and the tray

flanges were covered by strips of VDA-Kapton fihn attached with acrylic transfer adhesive and

Kapton tape. In this photograph, reflections in the mirrorlike surfaces are visible. Each experiment tray also contained two solar cell modules.

Figure 36 l

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 193.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7065

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00529

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/12/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray D 10

235
Figure 362 (In Flight). The experiment is severely degraded. The most noticeable change

is that the VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and only fragments of the layer of vapor-deposited aluminum remain attached along

the edges. Other areas also show major degradation.

Figure 362

Photo No.: $32-78-062

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10439

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00014

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D 10

Figure 363 (Postflight). The experiment is severely degraded by impingement of atomic

oxygen during exposure to the space environment. Most of the polyimide material making up

the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only the 2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module.

Figure 363

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1029.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13393

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00142

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D10

236
Figure 364 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only the

2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface that

survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing eroded,

thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The VDA-Kapton

strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 364

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1770.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9107

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00222

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D 10

'O • • •

Figure 365 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only

the 2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface

that survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing

eroded, thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 365

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1770.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9108

LIS AR No.: EL- 1994-00223

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D 10

237
Figure 366 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only

the 2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface

that survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing

eroded, thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

• • •

o

Figure 366

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1770.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 ! -9109

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00224

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray D 10

Figure 367 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only the

2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface that

survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing eroded,

thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The VDA-Kapton

strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 367

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1770.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9110

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00225

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postfl ight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D 1()

238
Figure 368 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only

the 2(100 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface

that survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing

eroded, thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 368

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1770.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-91 i 1

LIS AR No.: EL- 1994-00226

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3]9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D10

Figure 369 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

polyimide material making up the dielectric samples was completely eroded, thus leaving only

the 2000 A to 3000 A layer of VDA bonded to the module. The edges of the dielectric surface

that survived were covered by Kapton tape with a silicone adhesive. The Kapton backing

eroded, thus leaving the silicone adhesive that protected the Kapton surface beneath. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules were degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 369

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1770. i0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9112

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00227

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D 10

239
Figure 370 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper left corner of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 370

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1770.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9113

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00392

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF !I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Corner of

Tray D ! 0

Figure 371 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center edge of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 371

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1770.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9114

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00393

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center Edge of

Tray D 10

240
Figure 372 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right corner of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 372

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1771.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9116

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00394

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Corner of

Tray D 10

Figure 373 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left corner of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 373

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1771.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9117

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00395

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left Corner of

Tray D 10

241
Figure 374 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center edge of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 374

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1771.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9118

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00396

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center Edge of

Tray D 10

Figure 375 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right corner of the tray. The

VDA-Kapton strips used to cover spaces between the modules have degraded substantially and

only fragments of the extremely fragile VDA layer remain.

Figure 375

Photo No.: KSC-390C- ! 771.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9119

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00397

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Corner of

Tray D 10

242
Tray DI 1

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, AI0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, CI 1, D1, D5, D7, D11, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO 178.

Figure 376 (In Flight). The thermal cover surface has changed from specular to opaque

with numerous black dots and dimples of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or

penetrations. There is an area of reflected light in the lower right area. The cover is taut and the

locations of Velcro attachment pads are prominent. The ground strap appears to have no visible

damage, but it appears to be a deeper copper color.

Figure 376

Photo No.: $32-78-047

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10435

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00011

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/ 12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D11

243
Figure 377 (Postflight). The thermal cover surface has changed from specular to opaque.

Reflected light obscures some surface details. There are a number of small dark spots, which

indicate impacts or penetrations. The cover is not as taut as in the in-flight photograph and

locations of Velcro attachment pads are not as prominent. The ground strap appears to have no

visible damage, but it appears to be a deeper copper color.

Figure 377

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768.06

Dup. Neg. No.:L91-9382

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00277

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray Dll

Figure 378 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque, rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. The Veicro thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

t_. ........

Figure 378

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9383

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00257

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF il

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D11

244
Figure 379 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque, rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. The Velcro thermal cover attachment

pads are evident.

Figure 379

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9384

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00258

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D11

Figure 380 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque, rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. The Velcro thermal cover attachment

pads are evident.

Figure 380

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9385

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00242

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray D l I

245
Figure 381 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears opaque, rather than specular as il was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. Tile Velcro thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 38 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768. i 0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9386

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-002 i 9

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray DI I

Figure 382 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears opaque, rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. The Velcro thermal cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 382

Photo No.: KSC 390C- 1768.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9387

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00220

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D11

246
Figure 383 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal covet" appears opaque, rather than specular as it was in preflight photographs. There are

numerous discolored impacts or penetrations visible. The Velcro thermal cover attachment

pads are evident.

Figure 383

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1768.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9388

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00221

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D I 1

247
Tray D12

Influence of Extended Exposure in Space on Mechanical Properties of High-Toughness

Graphite-Epoxy Composite Material (AO019)

University of Michigan

Tray: D 12

The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of extended exposure to a space environment on the mechanical properties of a specially toughened T300/5208 graphite-epoxy composite material.

Multiple Foil Microabrasion Package (MAP) (AO023)

University of Kent

Trays: C3. C9, D I2, E6, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to capture micrometeoroids and space debris particles

with multiple thin aluminum and brass foil arrays, which ranged in thickness from 1.5 tam to

30 _m. This experiment looked for size, velocity, composition, and distribution of solid particles in the near-Earth environment.

The Effect of Space Environment Exposure on the Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials (AO 180)

University of Toronto

Tray: D 12

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of various lengths of exposure

to a space environment on the mechanical properties ol' selected commercial polymer matrix composite materials.

248
Figure 384 (Preflight). Experiment AO019 consisted of six fracture toughness specimens

and nine tensile module specimens that were located in the upper right one-sixth of the tray.

Each specimen had a passive temperature indicator bonded to either the center edge or the end.

Experiment AO023, located in the left one-third tray section, is shown in figure 230.

Experiment AO180 is an active experiment that occupies half the exposed surface area of

the tray and contains a data acquisition and recording system. The experiment consists of

62 composite tubes with aluminum end fittings, 45 flat composite coupons with aluminum

retainer blocks, and 1 stainless steel calibration tube.

Figure 384

Photo No.: KSC-384C-221.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7093

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00371

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/13/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of D I2

Figure385 (In Flight). All experiment test specimens and hardware appear intact.

Reflected sunlight caused uneven lighting of the frames of experiment AO023 and a white

shape on the tray sidewall above the experiment detector stack. There is some change in the

colors of the material of experiment AO180. Note the change in color of the tray clamp white

dots across the photograph. The change from white to brown indicates the transition between

leading and trailing sides.

Figure 385

Photo No.: $32-89-052

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10502

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00137

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray D12

249
Figure 386 (Postflight). All experiment hardware remains intact. No change from inflight

appearance is apparent. There are light reflections on many sensor surfaces.

Figure 386

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1069.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13490

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00203

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray D5

Figure 387 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The sensor foils in the triangular quadrants are intact and some light reflects on the foil surfaces. There

is some discoloration on the mounting frames.

Figure 387

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10379

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00456

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I 6/90

Location: KSC SAEF il

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray D I2

250
Figure 388 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. There

is little change in the colors of the test specimens.

Figure 388

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10380

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00457

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray D 12

Figure 389 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The test

specimens are intact with no visible difference from preflight. The red passive temperature

indicators remain bonded to the test specimens.

Figure 389

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10381

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00458

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray D !2

251
Figure 390 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The sensor foils in the triangular quadrants are intact and some light reflects on the foils of the upper

section. There is some discolorations along the Ibil and mounting frame line of the left and right quadrants.

Figure 390

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10382

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00459

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray D 12

Figure 391 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

test specimens are intact, but some are darker than in the preflight photograph.

Figure 391

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10383

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00460

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray D 12

252
Figure 392 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The test

specimens are intact, but some are darker than in the preflight photograph.

Figure 392

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2035.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10384

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00461

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/16/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray D 12

253
Tray E1

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, B8, BI 1, C4, C7, D2. D6, El E4, E7, Ell F! F3, F5, F7, F I0, F 1 l, G4, G8, and H5 .....

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 393 (In Flight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The light color band across the top of the panels is a reflection from the tray sidewall.

Figure 393

Photo No.: $32-7bi-010

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10426

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00003

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/I 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E1

254
Figure 394 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The light band along the bottom of the panels is caused by

light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 394

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1066.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13477

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00187

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray El

255
Tray E2

A High-Resolution Study of" Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO 178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, Al0, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, C11, DI, D5, D7, DI l, E2, El0, and F4

mentSeeAOsection entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experi- ! 78.

Figure 395 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to be without visible damage, but it is

more taut than in the prelaunch photograph. The Velcro attachment pads are evident. The

grainy pattern in the surface finish, which is visible in the light reflection, was on the material

prior to flight and is not from the space environment. The rippled effect around the cover edges

occurs between the attachment pads.

_ !i_,i_ _iii_ i ̧ ̧ _ •

h

Figure 395

Photo No.: $32-89-018

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10496

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00131

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/I 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E2

256
Figure 396 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular with no apparent damage. It is less taut than in the in-flight photograph. The Velcro attachment pads are more visible

than in the prelaunch photograph. The scallop effect around the cover edges occurs between the

attachment pads and shows the upper edge of the support frame. The ground strap is in place

with no visible damage, but it is a darker color.

Figure 396

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1065.11

Dup. Neg.: L90-13468

L1SAR No.: EL-1994-00385

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E2

Figure 397 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Veicro

attachment pads are visible.

Figure 397

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10423

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-006026

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray E2

257
Figure 398 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 398

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10424

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00603

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray E2

Figure 399 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

grainy pattern in the surface finish, which is visible in the light reflection, was on the material

prior to flight. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective

properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 399

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10425

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00604

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray E2

258
Figure 400 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the uneven

surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro

attachment pads are visible.

Figure 400

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10429

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00605

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray E2

Figure 401 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective properties of the

uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the

Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 40 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10430

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00617

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E2

259
Figure 402 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

grainy pattern in the surface finish, which is visible in the light reflection, was on the material

prior to flight. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The reflective

properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and color patterns. The locations of the Velcro attachment pads are visible.

Figure 402

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2336.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10431

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00621

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/27/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray E2

260
Tray E3

Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of Micrometeoroids by Secondary Ion Mass

Spectrometry (AO 187-2)

McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences

Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics

Munich Technical University

Ernst-Mach Institute

Dornier System Manufacturing Company

Trays: C2, E3, and E8

The objective of this experiment was to measure the chemical and the isotopic composition

of interplanetary dust particles.

Investigation of Critical Surface Degradation Effects on Coatings and Solar Cells Developed in Germany (S 1002)

Space Division, Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm

Tray: E3

The objective of this experiment was to qualify various coatings under realistic space environment conditions. In addition, the experiment provided design criteria, techniques, and test

methods to ensure control of the combined space and spacecraft environmental effects.

261
Figure403 (Preflight). This photograph shows experiment AO187-2 in the right twothirds of the tray and the EECC that contained experiment St002 in the left one-third. The tan

strips on the tray flanges are protective coatings that were removed prior to tray testing. Each of

the 77 capture cells of experiment AO187-2 consisted of tbur highly polished germanium

plates. These plates were covered with a 2.5-_tm thick Mylar toil with 1300 A of tantalum

vapor that was deposited on the back and 100 A of gold-palladium that was vapor deposited on

the front. Two calorimeters are shown mounted in the top center and lower center of the experiment panel. An aluminum cover in the upper right section of the panel protected electrical connections. Reflections of both personnel and equipment are visible in the metallic-coated Mylar

foil that covers the germanium detector plates.

Figure 403

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4209.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7293

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00301

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/!/83

Location: KSC SAEF li

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray E3

Figure 404 (In Flight). The capture cells appear to be severely damaged. Fragments of the

failed capture cell covers, which have curled into tight conical shapes, are attached to edges of

the aluminum mounting frame. The capture cell mounting structure and calorimeter mounting

plates are discolored; some areas have more pronounced discotoration than others. The canister

for experiment S1002 is closed.

Figure 404

Photo No.: $32-77-067

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10417

LISAR No.: EL- [994-00001

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E3

262
Figure 405 (Postflight). The capture cells have degraded and only I 1 of the 77 metallized

Mylar covers survived. There is a brown stain on the tray, the capture cell mounting, and the

calorimeter mounting plates. The green tint on the right side of the experiment is a reflection of

lights from an adjacent room. The canister for experiment S 1002 is closed.

Figure 405

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1839.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10443

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00278

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E3

Figure 406 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of experiment

AO187-2. Two capture cell covers are intact. The remains of the others are curled tightly and

hanging from one edge. There is considerable discoloration on the upper mounting frame and

on the calorimeter.

Figure 406

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1839.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10445

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00404

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray E3

263
Figure 407 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of experiment

AO187-2. Three capture cell covers are intact. The remains of the others are curled tightly and

are hanging from one edge. There is considerable discoloration on the upper and right sides of

the mounting frame and on the calorimeter.

Figure 407

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1839.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10446

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00405

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray E3

Figure 408 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of experiment

AO187-2. Four capture cell covers are intact. The remains of the others are curled tightly and

are hanging from one edge. There is considerable discoloration on the left and lower sides of

the mounting frame and on the calorimeter. Note the ret]ection of the photographer.

Figure 408

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1839.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10448

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00406

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postllight Detail of Lower Left of Tray E3

264
Figure 409 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of experiment

AO187-2. Four capture cell covers are intact. The remains of the others are curled tightly and

are hanging from one edge. There is considerable discoloration on the lower and right sides of

the mounting frame and on the calorimeter. Note the reflection of the photographer.

Figure 409

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1839.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10449

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00407

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray E3

265
Tray E4

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays:A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, B8, BiI, C4, C7+D2, D6, Ei E4, E7, EII Fi F3, F5,

F7, F10, F11, G4, G8, and H5 ' ' '

See section entitled '+Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 410 (In Flight). The greenish-gray and pink tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. Discolorations are visible along some edges of the panels,

thus indicating improper handling and cleaning after panel assembly.

Figure 410

Photo No.: $32-77-048

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10412

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00678

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/I 2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E4

266
Figure 411 (Postflight). The greenish-gray and pink tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The fingerprints along the bottom edge of the panels that

were observed in the in-flight photograph are still visible.The light band along the sides and

across the bottom of the tray is caused by light reflected from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 411

Photo No.: KSC-390C-832.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13350

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00172

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E4

267
Tray E5

Holographic Data Storage Crystals for LDEF (AO044)

Georgia Institute ol' Technology

Tray: E5

The objective of this passive experiment was to test the space worthiness of electro-optic

crystals for use in ultrahigh-capacity space data storage and retrieval systems.

Effect of Space Exposure on Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors I_AO135)

NASA LaRC

Tray: E5

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of long-term space exposure

on pyroelectric infrared detectors that are useful in the wavelength range of 1 /am to 100/am.

Investigation of the Effects of Long Duration Exposure of Active Optical System

Components (S0050)

Georgia Institute of Technology

Tray: E5

Investigation of the Effects of Long Duration Exposure on Active Optical Materials and

UV Detectors (S0050-1)

NASA LaRC

Tray: E5

Optical Substrates and Coatings Experiment (S0050-2

NASA LaRC

Tray: E5

The objectives of these experiments were to determine quantitatively the effects of long

duration space exposure on the relevant performance parameters of lasers, radiation detectors,

and selected optical components.

268
Figure 412 (Preflight). The test specimens were typically placed on fiberglass-epoxy

retainer strip assemblies and mounted in the tray. Five of the six sections of the tray were covered by a l/8-in-thick anodized aluminum sun screen with openings that allowed 56-percent

transmission over the central region. The remaining one-sixth was open to the space

environment.

Figure 412

Photo No.: KSC-384C-255.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4387

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00372

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray E5

Figure 413 (In Flight). In this photograph, the experiment hardware appears to be without

physical damage. The blue is due to lighting. The exposed experiment test specimens and the

fiberglass-epoxy mountings appear to have survived the mission. The colors of the fiberglassepoxy mounting strip have changed from the typical greenish gray to a slate gray and the colors

of the test specimen appear to be much darker than in the prelaunch photograph.

Figure 413

Photo No.: $32-77-050

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10413

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00679

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/ 12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E5

269
Figure 414 (Postflight). The experiment hardware appears to be without physical damage.

Figure 4 !4

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1035.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13450

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00183

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF iI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E5

Figure 415 (Postflight). This photograph was taken after the experiment tray was removed

from the LDEF and the sun screens were removed. The experiment hardware appears Io be

without physical damage. The colors of the fiberglass-epoxy mounting strip vary from the typical greenish gray to a slate gray in proportion to their exposure. The red material on top of the

aluminum support structure are silicon rubber gaskets between tile sun screen and the structure.

The gasket material that is missing adhered to the sun screens.

Figure 415

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-I0508

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00491

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E5

270
Figure 416 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

experiment hardware is without physical damage.

Figure 416

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10509

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00492

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray E5

Figure 417 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

experiment hardware is without physical damage.

Figure 417

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10510

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00493

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray E5

271
Figure 418 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The

experiment hardware is without physical damage.

Figure 418

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10511

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00494

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray E5

Figure 419 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

experiment hardware is without physical damage.

Figure 419

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10512

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00495

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2(I/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E5

272
Figure 420 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

experiment hardware is without physical damage.

Figure 420

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2114.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10513

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00496

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/20/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray E5

273
Tray E6

Multiple Foil Microabrasion Package (MAP) (AO023)

University of Kent

Trays: C3, C9, D12, E6, and H l 1

The objective of this experiment was to capture micrometeoroids and space debris particles

with multiple thin aluminum and brass foil arrays, which ranged in thickness from 1.5/am to

30 tam. This experiment looked for size, velocity, composition, and distribution of solid pani- cles in the near-Earth environment.

Measurement of Heavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei on LDEF (M0002-2)

University of Kiel

Tray: E6

The objective of this experiment was to measure the elemental and isotopic abundance of

heavy cosmic ray nuclei with a nuclear charge equal to or greater than 3.

Ion Beam Textured and Coated Surfaces Experiment (S 1003)

NASA LeRC

Tray: E6

The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of exposure to the Shuttle

launch and near-Earth space environments on the optical properties of ion-beam-textured highabsorption solar thermal control surfaces, the optical and electrical properties of ion-beamsputtered conductive solar thermal control surfaces, and the weight loss of ion-beam-deposited oxide-polymer films.

Balloon Materials Degradation (S1006)

Texas A&M University

Tray: E6

The object of this experiment was to assess the effects of long-term low-Earth-orbit (LEO)

exposure on candidate balloon films, tapes, and lines to determine the chemical, morphological, and thermomechanical changes in the polyethylene specimens.

274
Figure 421 (Preflight). In this photograph, experiment AO023, described in figure 230, is

shown in the left one-third section. Experiment S!006 occupies the center one-third section.

Experiment M0002-2 is in the lower right section. Experiment S 1003 is in the top right section

of the 3-in-deep tray. Discolorations are visible on the die-cast frames of experiment AO023.

Light reflections cause areas of the thin sensor films of experiment AO023 to appear dark.

Figure 421

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 193.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7068

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00356

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/12/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray E6

Figure 422 (In Flight). The tray clamp dot varies from preflight white at the top to dark

brown at the bottom, which is an indication of the transition from leading to trailing side. There

are reflections in the foil of the upper sensor of experiment AO023. Low lighting prevents

details from being visible in this experiment. The ripples in the Kapton cover foil of experiment

M0002-2 that were observed in the prelaunch photograph also appear in the in-flight photographs, but they are at a lower frequency of repetition. The source of discolorations on the aluminized Kapton cover, which appear to be vertical scratches, is unknown. The hardware for

experiment S1003 appears to be intact with little or no damage to experiment samples. Many

material samples in experiment S1006 have been severely degraded and the base plate is

discolored.

Figure 422

Photo No.: $32-82-006

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10454

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00024

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E6

275
Figure 423 (Postflight). Experiment AO023 has no visible physical damage, but the diecast frames have discolorations. The detector assemblies of experiment M0002-2 appear to be

without physical damage. The source of the discolorations on the aluminized Kapton cover,

which appear as horizontal scratches and vertical bands, is unknown. The hardware of experiment S l003 appears to be intact and experiment samples appear to have only minor changes.

Many of the material samples in experiment S1006 seem to have severely degraded and the base plate is discolored.

Figure 423

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1033.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13439

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00179

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E6

Figure 424 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The hardware of experiment AO023 is intact. Light reflections are evident in the sensor foil surfaces.

There is discoloration on the upper triangular die-cast mounting frame.

Figure 424

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1992.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10538

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00413

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray E6

276
Figure 425 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thin-film polymeric material samples in experiment S1006 have been severely degraded. All 26

of the unreinforced thin-film samples have curled edges. Twelve samples appear to have failed

in tension and a significant portion of the two aluminized polymer samples appears to be missing. The IITRI S 13G-LO white paint on the baseplate has a light tan discoloration.

Figure 425

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1992.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10539

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00414

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray E6

Figure 426 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

hardware of experiment S1003 is without physical damage and experiment samples have only

minor changes. The IITRI S 13G-LO white paint sample located second to the right of the lower

left corner has changed to light brown and the material sample located second above the lower

right corner is partially missing. Other material samples appear in prelaunch condition.

Figure 426

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1992.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10540

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00415

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray E6

277
Figure 427 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The hardware of experiment AO023 is intact. Light reflections are evident in the sensor foil surfaces.

Figure 427

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1992.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10541

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00416

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/! 5/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflighl Detail of Lower Left of Tray E6

Figure 428 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

test specimens of experiment $1006 have suffered some degradation. The reinforced thinfilm polymer samples are discolored, but they have survived the mission intact. The

IITRI S 13G-LO white paint on the baseplate has a light tan discoloration in areas that were not

covered by experiment samples (with evidence that at least some of the discoloration occurred after sample failure).

Figure 428

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1992.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10542

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-004 i 7

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E6

278
Figure 429 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. Photographic light reflections in the surface are apparent. The experiment appears to have no physical damage from the extended space exposure. The source of discolorations on the aluminized

Kapton cover, which appear as horizontal scratches and vertical shadows, is unknown.

Figure 429

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1992.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10543

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00441

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray E6

279
Tray E7

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, B[, B2+ B6, B8, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell F1 F3, F5,

F7, Fl0, F! 1, G4, G8, and H5 ' '

See section entitled '+Tray A5 '+for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 430 (In Flight). The discolorations on the lower tray sidewall appear to be fingerprints from handling during experiment assembly. A portion of the pink and greenish-gray tint

on the two debris panels are a by-product of the chromic anodize coating process; however, a

part of the intensity can be attributed to reflections of the blue sky. The horizontal streaks on

the left debris panel and the vertical streaks on the right debris panel are also by-products of

chromic anodizing that have been enhanced significantly by the blue reflection.

Figure 430

Photo No.: $32-82-032

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10460

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00040

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E7

280
Figure 431 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The streaks on the debris panels that were noted in the inflight photographs are almost invisible because the reflection of the sky is not present. The light

band along the sides and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light reflecting fi'om the

tray sidewalls.

Figure 431

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1032.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13425

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00148

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E7

281
Tray E8

Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of Micrometeoroids by Secondary Ion Mass

Spectrometry (AO 187-2)

McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences

Max-Planck Institute fbr Nuclear Physics

Munich Technical University

Ernst-Mach Institute

Dornier System Manufacturing Company

Trays: C2, E3, and E8

The objective of this experiment was to measure the chemical and the isotopic composition

of interplanetary dust particles.

Figure 432 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph shows 120 capture cells installed on

6 support panels. A capture cell consists of four polished high-purity germanium plates covered

with a 2.5-_tm thick Mylar foil coated with 1300 A of tantalum that is vapor deposited on the

back and 100 A of gold-palladium that is vapor deposited on the front. The capture cells are

mounted within an aluminum frame on each panel.

Figure 432

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 143.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7045

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00341

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/11/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray E8

282
Figure 433 (In Flight). The RMS arm of the Shuttle is reflected in the surface of the

exposed germanium detector plates. The experiment has severely degraded. The metalliccoated Mylar film covers have failed on each of the capture cells and curled tightly into conical

shapes.

Figure 433

Photo No.: $32-76-016

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10378

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00663

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E8

Figure 434 (Postflight). The metallic-coated thin Mylar film has been lost on each of the

capture cells. As the thin Mylar film failed, the material curled tightly into small conical shapes

and is still attached to the edges of the aluminum mounting structure. The green tint on the germanium plate at the right edge of the experiment tray is a reflection from the lights in the high

bay area of SAEF II. Dim reflections are visible on other sections of the experiment.

Figure 434

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1767.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10614

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00267

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/90/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E8

283
Figure 435 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all ceils has failed and the remnants of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 435

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1767.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10615

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00251

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray E8

Figure 436 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all cells has failed and the remnants of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 436

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1767.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10616

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00252

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray E8

284
Figure 437 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all cells has failed and the remnants of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 437

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1767.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10617

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00253

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray E8

Figure 438 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all cells has failed and the remnants of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 438

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1767.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10618

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00254

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray E8

285
Figure 439 (Post[light). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all cells has failed and the remnants of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 439

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1767.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10619

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00255

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E8

Figure 440 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

metallic-coated thin Mylar film on all cells has failed and the remnanls of the film are hanging

loose. A reflection of the surrounding area in the surface of the germanium plates is visible.

Figure 440

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1767.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10620

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00256

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray E8

286
Tray E9

Advanced Photovoltaic Experiment (APEX) (S0014)

NASA LeRC

Tray: E9

The objective was to provide information on the performance and endurance of advanced

and conventional solar cells, to improve reference standards for photovoltaic measurements,

and to measure the energy distribution in the extraterrestrial solar spectrum.

Figure441 (Preflight). Experiment S0014 included 155 solar cells mounted on 127

removable aluminum plates of 12 different sizes_ an Eppley Type HF cavity radiometer, a digital solar angle sensor, a dichroic mirror assembly, a night or dark sensor, a row of 16 bandpass

filters clamped over silicon solar cell sensors, 2 ultraviolet exposure monitors, and 2 concentrator cells with vapor-deposited aluminum (on Kapton film and Mylar foil) mirrors. An aluminum substructure provided a mounting surface for the experiment components and controlled

the field of view of the solar cells. The experiment structure was painted with Chemglaze

Z-306 flat black paint over a Chemglaze 9924 wash primer.

Figure 441

Preflight Survey of Tray E9

Photo No.: KSC-384C- 193.0 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7059

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00343

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/12/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray E9

287
Figure 442 (In Flight). The Chemglaze Z-306 black paint on the exposed surfaces has

degraded, thus leaving the Chemglaze 9924 primer, which is reddish brown, clearly visible.

The difference in the amount of paint remaining may be a function of initial paint thickness; the

plate covering the center section was not painted at the same time as the other two plates. The

experiment appears intact with little, if any damage.

Figure 442

Photo No.: $32-78-090

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10449

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00021

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/! 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E9

Figure 443 (Postflight). The degradation of the Chemglaze Z-306 black paint on the

exposed surfaces is evident by the amount of Chemglaze 9924 primer, which is reddish brown,

that is visible. The difference in the amount of paint remaining may be a function of initial

paint thickness; the plate covering the center section of the tray was not painted at the same

time as the other two plates. The small gold-colored rectangular plate in the lower right section

of the tray was fabricated from an aluminum alloy and coated with a clear anodize. A light

base brownstructure. discoloration is visible on the solar cell mounting plates and on areas of the aluminum

Figure 443

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1840.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 !- 10676

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00279

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Survey of Tray E9

288
Figure 444 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the two left rows. No physical damage is evident.

Figure 444

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1842.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10681

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00408

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Two Rows of

Tray E9

Figure 445 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the third and the fourth rows. No

physical damage is evident.

Figure 445

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1842.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10685

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00418

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Third and Fourth Rows

of Tray E9

289
Figure 446 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the fifth row. There appears to be

no physical damage, but some brown discoloration around the edges of the solar cells is evident.

Figure 446

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1835.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10633

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00398

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Fifth Row of Tray E9

Figure 447 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the sixth row. There appears to be

no physical damage, but some brown discoloration around the edges of the solar cells is evident.

Figure 447

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1835.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10636

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00399

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Sixth Row of Tray E9

290
Figure 448 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the seventh row. There appears to

be no physical damage, but some brown discoloration around the edges of the solar cells is

evident.

Figure 448

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1835.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10640

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00400

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Seventh Row of

Tray E9

Figure 449 (Postflight). This close-up is of the ninth row. A solar concentrator ceil, located

at the lower end of the slot, appears to be damaged. The large piece of gold-colored material

lodged in the slot appears to be a segment of the alurninum deposited on the Kapton rnirror.

Figure 449

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1837.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10657

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00402

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/i 2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Ninth Row of Tray E9

291
Figure 450 (PostflighO. This close-up photograph is of the tenth row. There appears to be

no physical damage, but the cell mounting frames have a mottled brown discoloration.

Figure 450

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1837.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 _- 1066 i

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00403

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/I 2/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tenth Row of Tray E9

292
Tray El0

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, A10, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, C11, D1, D5, D7, D I 1, E2, El0, and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 314 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO178.

Figure 451 (In Flight). The surface of the thermal cover appears to have changed from

specular to opaque with numerous black dots of various sizes, thus indicating impacts or penetrations. The cover is taut and the locations of Velcro attachment pads are prominent. The

ground strap has no visible damage, but is a deeper copper color.

Figure 451

Photo No.: $32-78-083

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10447

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00019

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray El0

293
Figure 452 (Postflight). The surface of the thermal cover appears to have changed from

specular to opaque with numerous black dots of various sizes, thus indicating space debris

impacts or penetrations. The cover is less taut than in flight. The locations of Velcro attachment

pads are visible. The pinkish green tint on the thermal cover is caused by the lighting and

reflections from the surroundings. The arm of the RMS that is cradled in the Shuttle is visible at the bottom.

Figure 452

Photo No.: KSC-390C-612.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-17796

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00162

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: i/30/90

Location: KSC OPF

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E 10

Figure 453 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 453

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10711

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00620

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF |l

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray El0

294
Figure 454 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 454

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10712

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00561

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray E 10

Figure 455 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 455

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10713

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00562

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray E 10

295
Figure 456 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 456

Photo No.:

KSC-390C-2281.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10717

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00563

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postfligh! Detail of Lower Left of Tray E 10

Figure 457 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 457

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10718

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00564

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E 10

296
Figure 458 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover is now opaque and not as highly reflective as it was in the preflight photograph.

There are numerous black dots of various sizes that indicate space debris impacts or penetrations. The thermal cover Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 458

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10719

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00565

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray E 10

Figure 459 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the large discolored area at the edge

of the thermal cover near the lower right corner of the tray.

Figure 459

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2281.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10720

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00566

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Discoloration in Lower

Right of Tray E 10

297
Figure460 (Postflight). This photograph is of tray El() after the thermal cover has been

removed. Note the spots visible on the upper cylinders. These discolorations occurred behind

penetrations of the thermal cover. The frame with the Velcro pads for attaching the thermal cover is visible.

Figure 460

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2321.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10729

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00712

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray E 10

298
Tray Ell

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A I2, B l, B2, B6, BS, B I1, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell, F l, F3, F5,

F7, F10, Fll, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

Figure 461 (In Flight). A portion of the pink and greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is a by-product of the chromic anodize coating process; however, part of the intensity can be

attributed to reflections of the blue sky. The vertical streaks on the debris panel are by-products

of chromic anodizing that have been enhanced by the blue reflection. The light band along the

vertical edge of the left debris panel is a reflection from the tray sidewall.

Figure 461

Photo No.: $32-78-053

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10436

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00012

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: i/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E11

299
Figure 462 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The vertical streaks observed on the debris panels in the inflight photograph are no longer visible because the reflection of the sky is not present. Debris

from other experiments that were significantly degraded during the mission are visible on the

lower experiment tray sidewall at the intersection with the lower edge of the debris panels.

Other experiment debris, visible as dark specks, are at the intersection of the debris panel outer

edges and the tray sidewalls. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the panels

is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 462

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1028.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13378

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00140

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Photo Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray El 1

300
Tray El2

Interstellar Gas Experiment (AO038)

JSC

University of Bern

Trays: El2, F6, H6, and H9

Experiment AO038 was designed to collect and isotopicaily analyze the noble gases in the

particle wind that is formed as the local interstellar medium moves through the inner solar

system.

Figure 463 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph of the hardware for experiment AO038

shows the orientation of two experiment canister housings that were mounted in a 12-in-deep

peripheral tray. The canisters contained high-purity beryllium copper collecting foils. The aluminum housing covers, which were removed prior to flight, protected experiment components

from damage and large particle contamination during ground handling. The tray is painted

white to provide the necessary thermal control.

Figure 463

Photo No.: KSC-384C-538.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4424

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00045

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray El2

301
Figure 464 (In Flight). The color of the thermal control paint on experiment AO038 has

changed and now varies from white to shades of brown. The shadows from the tray sidewalls

hide most of the dark stain in the upper right corner of the tray.

:i

Figure 464

Photo No.: $32-78-031

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10431

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00007

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray E12

Figure 465 (Postflight). Brown stains are prominent, especially around the openings in the

baseplate tbr the grid voltage cable connectors. The beryllium copper collector foils are clearly

visible in this photograph, as are the baffles near the top of the canister housing. However, the

fine wire mesh grid is not visible. Because of an experiment system malfunction, the canister

collector foils that are visible were exposed for the total mission.

Figure 465

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1069.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13489

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00201

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray E 12

302
Figure 466 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. Note the

brown discoloration in the tray comer and around the grid voltage plug to the right of the canister. The cover was installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 466

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10783

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00117

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date:3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray El2

Figure 467 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. Note

the brown discoloration around the grid voltage plug to the right of the canister. The cover was

installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 467

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10784

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00118

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray El2

303
Figure 468 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. Note

the light brown discoloration in the tray corner.

Figure 468

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10785

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00157

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF !I

Subject: Postt]ight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray E 12

Figure 469 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. Note

the brown discoloration around the grid voltage plug to the left of the canister. The cover was

installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 469

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10786

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00158

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray E 12

304
Figure 470 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. Note

the brown discoloration around the grid voltage plug to the left of the canister. The cover was

installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 470

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10787

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00159

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray E 12

Figure 471 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. There is

little, if any, discoloration present.

Figure 47 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1600.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10788

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00160

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray E 12

305
Figure 472 (PostflighO. This close-up photograph is of the lower right corner canister.

Note the discoloration around the grid voltage plug and the well-defined discoloration pattern on the tray wall.

Figure 472

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1601.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10775

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00098

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Corner

Canister of Tray E 12

Figure 473 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the grid voltage plug that was

located to the right of the upper left canister. Note the dark discoloration and the small piece of debris from one of the other experiments.

Figure 473

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1602.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 !- 10795

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00654

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Grid Voltage Plug Of

Upper Left Canister of El2

306
Figure 474 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the grid voltage plug that was

located to the right of the upper left canister. Note the discolored area around the plug and the

discoloration pattern on the canister wall.

,J

Figure 474

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1602.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10796

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00655

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Grid Voltage Plug

Located to Right of Upper Left Canister of

Tray E 12

307
Tray FI

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, BS, BI I, C4, C7, D2, D6, El E4, E7, El !, FI, F3, F5, F7, FI0, FI 1, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "'Tray A5" tor a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 475 (In Flight). A portion of the greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is a

by-product of the chromic anodize coating process; however, a large part can be attributed to

reflections of the blue sky. The vertical streaks in the panels are by-products of chromic anodizing that have been enhanced significantly by the blue reflection. Two darker blue horizontal

discolorations are visible near the vertical center of each panel.

Figure 475

Photo No.: $32-78-036

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10432

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00008

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray FI

308
Figure 476 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contmnination or

exposure to the space environment. The vertical streaks that were on the panels in the in-flight

photograph are still visible, but they are much lighter because the reflection of the sky is not

present. The same can be said for the two discolorations; they are still visible, but are much

lighter. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light

reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 476

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1066.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13476

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00186

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F1

309
Tray F2

Seeds in Space Experiment (P0004-1)

George W. Park Seed Company, Inc.

Tray: F2

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of space radiation on the survivability of seed stored in space under sealed and vented conditions and to determine the possible resulting mutations and mutation rates.

Space-Exposed Experiment Developed for Students (SEEDS) (P0004-2)

NASA Headquarters

Tray: F2

The objectives of this experiment were to involve a very large number of students in a

national project to generate interest in science and related disciplines; to offer students from the

elementary level through the university level an opportunity to participate firsthand in an

experiment with materials flown in space; to permit active involvernent in classroom experiment design, decision making, data gathering, and comparison of results: and to emphasize a

multidisciplinary approach to the project involving subject areas other than science.

Linear Energy Transfer Spectrum Measurement Experiment (P0006)

University of San Francisco

NASA MSFC

Tray: F2

The objective of the experiment was to measure the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum

behind different shielding configurations.

310
Figure 477 (Preflight). This photograph is of the tray before the thermal cover was

installed. Experiment P0004-1 was housed in the smaller cylindrical canister to the right of

center and in the upper center dome-shaped canister. Experiment P0006 was housed in the

smaller cylindrical canister to the left of center. Tomato seeds from experiment P0004-2 were

housed inside the other five dome-shaped canisters. The baseplate and canisters were painted

white for thermal control. The Velcro pads for attaching the silvered Teflon thermal cover are

visible around the perimeter and on top of each of the dome canisters.

Figure 477

Photo No.: KSC-384C-297.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-07124

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00719

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/19/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray F2

Figure 478 (Preflight). This photograph is of the tray after the thermal cover was installed.

Thermal control was accomplished by using a thin (5 rail) silvered Teflon thermal cover of

material identical to that used for the 16 trays of experiment AO 178. Because the thermal cover

is highly reflective, it mirrors images, lights, and colors from the area surrounding the tray.

Figure 478

Photo No.: KSC-384C-299.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7150

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00199

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/19/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray F2

311
Figure 479 (In Flight). The silvered Teflon thermal cover appears to be without physical

damage. The three dark spots appearing in a vertical row about a third of a tray width from the

right edge of the cover are three Velcro attachment pad,,. The lighter areas appear diffuse in other photographs.

Figure 479

Photo No.: $32-89-023

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10497

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00132

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/I 2/90

Location: In Flighl

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F2

Figure 480 (Postflight). The silvered Teflon thermal cover is without physical damage.

The surroundings are reflected in the surface of the thermal cover. In general, the thermal cover

appears specular except for an area in the lower center of the tray, which appears to be somewhat dull. A similar condition was noted on the thermal cover of tray A2 at the other end of the LDEF.

Figure 480

Photo No.: KSC-390C- i 465.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-1553

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00193

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Poslflighl Survey of Tray F2

312
Figure 481 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the diffuse area of the thermal

cover. Surrounding areas are specular and reflect nearby surroundings.

Figure 48 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1465.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-1555

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00389

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Diffuse Area of Tray F2

Figure 482 (Postflight). This oblique view of the thermal cover shows the diffuse area of

the thermal cover.

Figure 482

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1465.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-1557

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00390

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/23/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Diffuse Area of Tray F2

313
Tray F3

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, Ai2, BI, B2, B6, B8, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell, F1, F3, F5,

F7, Fl0, F11, G4, G8, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

No individual in-flight photograph was available.

Figure 483 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the

panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 483

Photo No.: KSC-390C-833.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13367

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00175

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F3

314
Tray F4

A High-Resolution Study of Ultraheavy Cosmic Ray Nuclei (UHCRE) (AO178)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

ESA at ESTEC

Trays: A2, A4, A10, B5, B7, C5, C6, C8, Ci 1, Dl, D5, D7, D11, E2, El(), and F4

See section entitled "Tray D5" and figure 319 for a typical preflight photograph of experiment AO178.

Figure 484 (In Flight). The thermal cover appears to be specular and intact with several

small circular areas that appear to be impacts. The cover is more taut than in the prelaunch

photograph. The wrinkled spots on the thermal cover are areas where Velcro attachment pads

are bonded to the back of the cover. The scalloped effect around the cover edges occurs

between the attachment pads. The ground strap is in place and has no visible damage.

Figure 484

Photo No.: $32-77-092

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10422

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00002

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F4

315
Figure 485 (Postflight). The thermal cover appears to be specular and intact. Because of

lighting, the locations that appeared to be impacts in the in-flight photograph are not apparent.

The thermal cover is less taut than in the in-flight photograph. The wrinkled spots on the thermal cover are areas where Velcro attachment pads are bonded to the back of" the cover. The

scalloped effect around the cover edges occurs between the attachment pads. The ground strap

is in place with no visible damage, but it appears darker.

Figure 485

Photo No.: KSC-390C-832.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13349

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00171

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F4

Figure 486 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. There seemed to be no opaqueness on the

third of the tray. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various

light and color patterns. A very few impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 486

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2212.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 10848

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00536

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray F4

316
Figure 487 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover has no apparent damage; however an area of some opaqueness is beginning to

appear. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and

color patterns. A very few impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The Velcro thernaal

cover attachment pads are evident.

Figure 487

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2212.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10849

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00537

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray F4

Figure 488 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover has no apparent damage; however an area of some opaqueness is beginning to

appear. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and

color patterns. A very few impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 488

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2212.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10850

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00538

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray F4

317
Figure 489 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage. The opaqueness on other parts of the tray

is not present here. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various

light and color patterns. A very, few impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 489

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2212.1 !

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10854

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00539

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray F4

Figure 490 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover has no apparen! damage: however an area of some opaqueness is beginning to

appear. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in various light and

color patterns. A very few impact or penetration discolorations are visible. The Velcro attach- ment pads are evident.

Figure 490

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2212.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10855

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00540

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF ii

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray F4

318
Figure 491 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower right one-sixth of the tray. The

thermal cover appears specular with no apparent damage; however an area of some opaqueness

is beginning to appear. The reflective properties of the uneven surface of the cover result in

various light and color patterns. A very few impact or penetration discolorations are visible.

The Velcro attachment pads are evident.

Figure 49 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2214.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10857

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00541

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray F4

Figure 492 (Postflight). This oblique view

which appears less specular than the left side.

shows the right side of the thermal cover,

Figure 492

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2214.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-10858

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00542

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/22/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Tray F4

319
Tray F5

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001 )

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, B8, BI 1, C4, C7, D2, D6, El E4, E7, El I, FI, F3, F5, F7, F10, F11, G4, G8, and H5

objective. See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

Figure 493 (In Flight). The greenish-gray and pink finis on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. Fingerprints along the center edges of the debris panels indicate improper preflight handling and cleaning.

Figure 493

Photo No.: $32-77-045

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10411

LISAR No.: EL- ! 994-00677

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/! 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F5

320
Figure 494 (Postflight). The greenish-gray and pink tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The fingerprints along the center edges of the debris panels

that were observed in the in-flight photograph are still visible. The light band across the bottom

of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 494

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1035.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13449

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00182

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F5

321
Figure 498 (Postflight). This photograph is of the tray with one of the photographic lights

turned off. The brown discoloration is uniform over the tray bottom: however, there is a heavier

concentration on the lower left tray wall.

Figure 498

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1563.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11327

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00291

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray F6

Figure 499 (PostflighO. This close-up photograph is of the lower left corner of" the tray.

There is an area of concentrated brown discoloration on the lower tray wall.

Figure 499

Photo No.: KSC-390C- !564.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11343

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00292

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflighl Detail of Lower Left of Tray F6
Figure 500 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper right side of the canister

box. The brown discoloration appears uniform, except there is a well-defined discoloration pattern of the canister on the upper tray wall. The cover was installed on the canister housing to

protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 500

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1565.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11344

L1SAR No.: EL-1994-00293

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray F6

Figure 501 (PostflighO. This close-up photograph is of the grid voltage plug area of the

tray bottom and left side of the canister box. Note the distinct discoloration pattern of the electrical leads on the canister wall.

Figure 501

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1565.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11345

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00308

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Grid Voltage Plug Area

of Tray F6

325
Figure 502 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right corner of the tray

and shows the contrast in discoloration of the side walls.

Figure 502

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1565.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 11347

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00309

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Comer of

Tray F6

Figure503 (Postflight). This close-up photograph shows the discoloration pattern of the

canister on the tray wall. Also note the faint discoloration pattern of the electrical lead on the

canister wall and a shadow resulting from the photographic light below. The cover was

installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 503

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1565.08

Dup. Neg. No.: LgI-11350

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00115

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: PostfIigh! Detail of Canister Area of

Tray F6

326
Figure 504 (Postflight). This close-up photograph of the lower left corner of the tray shows

the contrast in amount of discoloration.

Figure 504

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1565.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11351

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00116

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/5/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left Comer of

Tray F6

327
Tray F7

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, B8, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, Ell Fl F3, F5, F7, F10, F11, G4, G8, and H5 ' ,

objective. See section entitled "Tray A5'" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

Figure S05 (In FlighO. Note the transition of the tray clamp dot color. The discolorations

on the upper tray sidewall appear to be fingerprints from handling during the experiment

assembly. A portion of the pink and greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is a by-product

of the chromic anodize coating process; however, a part of the intensity can be attributed to

reflections of the blue sky. The horizontal streaks on the right debris panel and the vertical

streaks on the left debris panel are by-products of chromic anodizing that have been enhanced

by the blue reflection. The light band along the vertical edge of the debris panel is a reflection from the tray sidewall.

Figure 505

Photo No.: $32-82-026

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10459

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00039

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F7

328
Figure 506 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. The streaks on the debris panels in lhe in-flight photographs are almost invisible because the reflection of the sky is not present. The light band along

the sides and across the bottom of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray

sidewalls.

Figure 506

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1032.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13424

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00177

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F7

329
Tray F8

Space Environment Effects on Fiber Optics Systems (M0004)

Air Force Weapons Laboratory

Tray: F8

The objectives of this experiment were to assess the survivability of a hardened fiber optic

link design for application in future spacecraft systems and to collect, analyze, and document

the effects of space environmental conditions on link perfl_rmance.

Figure 507 (Preflight). This experiment included four active linked fiber optic cables: one

black, one royal blue, one yellow, and one light tan. Each link was configured in a planar, helix

coil that was attached to thermally isolated mounting plates with black anodized aluminum

clips cushioned with silicone-rubber spacers. The yellow and the light tan cables were configured into one coil, while the black and the blue were configured into individual coils. The three

mounting plates were coated with off-white thermal control paint. The large cover plate

was coated with Chemglaze lI A-276 white paint and the smaller cover plate was coated with

IITRI S i 3G-LO white paint to meet thermal control requirements.

Figure 507

Photo No.: KSC-384C-293.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7104

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00383

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/19/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray F8

330
Figure 508 (In Flight). The coils have changed color. The upper right coil, originally

glossy black, now appears to be dark brown. The lower right coil, originally a glossy royal

blue, now appears to be navy blue. The two 20-m coils of linked fiber optic cables in the lower

left have more extensive color changes. The exterior cable that was originally yellow now

appears to be slate gray and the interior cable that was light tan appears to be brown.

Figure 508

Photo No.: $32-76-020

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10379

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00664

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: !/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F8

Figure 509 (Postflight). Colors of all three exposed coils of fiber optic cables have

changed significantly. The lower right cable, which was originally glossy black, is now dark

brown. The lower left cable, which was originally glossy royal blue, is now navy blue. The

upper left cable, which was originally yellow and that was slate gray in flight, is now light gray.

The cable that was brown in flight is now a lighter brown. The Chemglaze white paint on the

large cover plate has maintained the prelaunch color, but the IITRI S 13G-LO white paint on the

small cover plate has changed to a uniform light tan.

Figure 509

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1145.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15071

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00191

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F8

331
Figure 510 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left coil of fiber optic cable. The

cable was originally a glossy royal blue, but it is now a darker, duller navy blue. The color of

the silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips has changed from clear to brown.

The spacers appear to have discolored the cables. Brown discolorations have appeared at the lower left corner of the tray.

Figure 510

Photo No.: KSC-390C-i 145.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15072

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00306

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left Fiber Optic

Coil of Tray F8

Figure 511 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right coil of fiber optic cable. The

cable that was originally glossy black is now dark brown. The color of the silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips has changed from clear to brown. The spacers have discolplate ored the cables. There is some discoloration near the lower right corner of the coil mounting

:I

Figure 511

Photo No.: KSC-390C- i 145.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15073

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00307

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Fiber

Optic Coil of Tray F8

332
Figure 512 (Postflight). This photograph is of the two 20-m coils of fiber optic cables in

the upper left part of the tray. These coils have more extensive color changes than the other

coils. The cable that was originally yellow and that was slate gray in the in-flight photograph, is

now a light gray. The cable that was brown in the in-flight photograph, now is a lighter brown.

The color of the silicone-rubber spacers under the coil attachment clips has changed from clear

to brown. The spacers appear to have discolored the cables. There is also discoloration on the

mounting plate just above the coils and on the tray at the upper left corner.

Figure 5 i 2

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1145.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15074

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00322

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/18/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Fiber Optics Links in

Upper Left of Tray F8

333
Tray F9

Cascade Variable-Conductance Heat Pipe (CVCHP) (AO076)

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company

Tray: F9

The objective of this experiment was to verify the capability of a cascade variable-conductance heat pipe system to provide precise temperature control without other power sources.

Figure 513 (Preflight). The experiment includes two variable-conductance heat pipes connected in series, a black chrome solar collector panel, a silvered Teflon radiator panel, a power

source to support six thermistor-type temperature monitoring sensors, and two actuation

valves. The solar collector is in the lower right of the tray and the radiator panel is in the lower

left corner. The outside of experiment AO076, except the collector and radiator panels, was

covered with a multilayer insulation blanket with an outer layer of 0.076-ram-thick Kapton

film that was coated with vapor-deposited aluminum on one side. Two patches of thin-film

materials, part of an atomic oxygen coatings investigation (experiment S 1001), were attached

to the cover of the external thermal blanket with Kapton tape.

Figure 513

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4418.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-73 l0

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00302

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/8/83

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray F9

334
Figure 514 (In Flight). Aluminum particles from the degraded thermal blanket of experiment AO076 are visible on the upper structure intercostal. There is a line of dark discoloration

on this intercostal that was adjacent to the edge of the space end thermal panel. An area underneath the edge of the thermal panel allowed venting of the LDEF interior. The external materials of experiment AO076 have changed significantly. The Kapton film on the thermal blanket

appears to be completely eroded, except under the buttons that were used to secure the blanket.

The erosion left only a very thin coating of vapor-deposited aluminum as a cover. Aluminum

coating residue has covered a portion of the black chrome solar collector and also areas of the

upper and lower flanges of the trays. The shadow on the tray lower flange indicates that the aluminum extends several inches beyond the tray. One of two thin-film atomic oxygen experiment

patches is gone and the other does not appear to be securely attached. The layer of Kapton tape

over the thin-film strips appears to be eroded with only the adhesive remaining. The remaining

atomic oxygen experiment materials have changed color and most appear to be severely

degraded. The silvered Teflon coating of the radiator panel appears diffuse with a light brown

discoloration over most of the surface. The black spots on the radiator panel appear to be

impact craters where debris penetrated the Teflon material and exposed the silver beneath to

atomic oxygen flux. Particles of the degraded thermal blanket material appear to be adhered to

the surface of the radiator panel.

Figure 514

Photo No.: $32-78-087

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10448

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00020

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F9

335
Figure 515 (Postflight). The LDEF structure with the intercostal on the right has a dark

brown discoloration that is adjacent to the edge of the space end thermal panel. An area underneath the edge of the thermal panel allows venting of the LDEF interior. Aluminum pieces of

the degraded experiment AO076 thermal cover that were lodged in the vent in the in-flight photograph are gone. The external surface of the experiment AO076 has changed dramatically

from that observed in the in-flight photograph. The thin coating of vapor-deposited aluminum,

which was left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone: only fragments of the coating

are left near the edges of the thermal blanket. Pieces of Dacron mesh (bridal veil) material,

which was used to separate the thermal cover from the thermal blanket and between sheets of

aluminized Kapton film in the thermal blanket, are visible along, the edges of the blanket and

near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket. A large fragment of the Dacron mesh is

folded over the left side of the radiator panel. The large discoloration on the right side of the

black chrome solar collector panel is approximately the same shape as the aluminum coating

that covered the area in the in-flight photograph. The orientation of' the remaining thin-film

atomic oxygen experiment patch indicates that the patch is attached to the Dacron mesh and

that the attachment is very fragile. The layer of Kapton tape that covered the ends of the thinfilm strips appears to have eroded, thus exposing the adhesive. The remaining materials of the

atomic oxygen experiment have changed color: most are severely degraded. The silvered

Teflon coating, of the radiator panel appears difl-'use with a light brown discoloration over most

of the surface. The white, evenly spaced, discolorations along the horizontal centeriine and

along the edges of the panel appear to be above countersunk fiat head screws used to assemble

the experiment. The black spots on the radiator panel appear to be impact craters that penetrated the Teflon material and exposed the silver beneath to atomic oxygen flux. Particles of the

degraded thermal blanket material, which appeared to adhere to the surface of the radiator

panel in the in-flight photograph, are gone.

Figure 515

Photo No.: L90-1826

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00354

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 3/12/90

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight View of Tray F9

336
Figure 516 (Postflight). This photograph is of the tray after the atomic oxygen experiment

was removed.

Figure 516

Photo. No.: KSC-390C-2157.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11449

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00519

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSA SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray F9

Figure 517 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-sixth of the tray. The thin

coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone and

only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Pieces of Dacron mesh material are visible along

the edges of the blanket and near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket. The large

area of discoloration on the right side of the black chrome solar collector panel appears to be

approximately the same shape as the aluminum coating that covered the area in the in-flight

photograph.

Figure 5 i 7

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11450

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00520

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray F9

337
Figure 518 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper center one-sixth of the tray. The

thin coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone

and only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Pieces of Dacron mesh are visible along the

edges of the blanket and near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket. A large fragment

of the Dacron mesh is folded over the left side of the radiator panel.

Figure 518

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 11451

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00521

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Center of

Tray F9

Figure 519 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-sixth of the tray. The thin

coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone and

only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Small discolorations that were caused by

impacts are visible on the silvered Teflon film surface of the radiator. Pieces of Dacron mesh

are visible. The fragment that covered the left side of the radiator panel has moved to the left.

Figure 519

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11452

LISAR No.: EL- !994-00522

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray F9

338
Figure 520 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-sixth of the tray. The thin

coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone and

only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Pieces of Dacron mesh are visible along the

edges of the blanket and near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket.

Figure 520

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11453

LISAR No.: EL-1994-00523

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray F9

Figure 521 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower center one-sixth of the tray. The

thin coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, left after the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone

and only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Pieces of Dacron mesh are visible along the

edges of the blanket and near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket.

Figure 52 I

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11454

L1SAR No.: EL- 1994-00524

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Center of

Tray F9

339
Figure 522 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower- right one-sixth of"the tray. The thin

coating of vapor-deposited aluminum, which was left alter the Kapton film eroded, is essentially gone and only fragments of the thermal blanket remain. Pieces of Dacron mesh are visible along the edges of the blanket and near the buttons that were used to secure the blanket.

Note the dark brown discoloration at the edge of the thermal panel at the right.

Figure 522

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2157.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 11455

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00525

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/21/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of Tray F9

340
Tray FI0

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, BS, BII, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7. Eli, FI, F3, F5,

F7, FI0, FI 1, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photographic survey and experiment

objective.

No in-flight photograph was available.

Figure 523 (Postflight). The green tint on the two debris panels is a by-product of the chromic anodize coating process and is not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space

environment. A light irregular vertical streak is on the right debris panel. The light band across

the top and bottom edges of the panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 523

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1655.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11492

LISAR No.: EL- i 994-00262

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray F10

341
Tray FI 1

Space Debris Impact Experiment (SO001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, B8, B11, C4, C7, D2. D6, E1 E4, E7, Ell El F3, F5, F7, Fi0, FI 1, G4, GS, and H5 ' ' ,

See section entitled "Tray A5" for a typical preflight photoeraphic survey and experiment objective.

Figure 524 (In Flight). A portion of the greenish-gray tint on the two debris panels is a

by-product of the chromic anodize coating process; however, some blue can be attributed to

reflection of the sky. The vertical streaks on the right debris panel are by-products of chromic

anodizing that have been enhanced by the blue reflection. The brown stains along the top edge

of the right debris panel appear to be fingerprints from prelaunch handling.

Figure 524

Photo No.: $32-78-069

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10441

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00015

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray Fll

342
Figure 525 (Postflight). The pink and greenish-gray tints on the two debris panels are byproducts of the chromic anodize coating process and are not attributed to contamination or

exposure to the space environment. Debris from other experiments that degraded during the

mission is visible on the lower experiment tray sidewall at the intersection with the right tray

sidewall. A larger piece is located in the upper right corner on the right debris panel. Other

experiment debris, which are visible as dark specks, are at the intersection of the debris panel

outer edges and the tray sidewalls. The light band along the sides and across the bottom of the

panels is caused by light reflecting from the tray sidewalls.

Figure 525

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1028.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13377

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00139

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/9/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray FI!

343
Tray FI2

Low-Temperature Heat Pipe Experiment Package lor LDEF (HEPP) (SI001)

NASA GSFC

NASA ARC

Trays: FI2 and Hi

The objectives of this experiment were to determine start-up performance for conventional

and diode low-temperature heat pipes in zero gravity, to evaluate heat pipe performance in zero

gravity for an extended period of time, to determine transport capability of each heat pipe in

zero gravity, and to determine diode operation, such as forward conductance, turndown ratio, and transient behavior.

Figure 526 (Preflight). The electrical cables in the lower part of the photograph are nonflight cables that connect the experiment S I001 with the ground support test equipment. The

radiator and radiator shield panels located in the left half of the tray were covered with silvered

Teflon tape to provide the desired optical properties. The outside of the experiment S1001,

except the radiator shield panels and the radiator, was covered with a multilayer insulation

blanket that had an outer Kapton film layer coated with vapor-deposited aluminum on one side.

Two patches of thin-film materials, part of an atomic oxygen experiment that consisted of 5

patches of 13 samples each, which were located at 3 different places on the LDEF (trays F9,

F12, and HI), were attached to the cover of the external thermal blanket with Kapton tape.

Figure 526

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4425.08

Dup. Neg.: None

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00319

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/07/83

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray F12

344
Figure 527 (In Flight). The radiator and the radiator shields appear deep blue, which is

apparently caused by the lighting and the reflecting surface. The upper and lower radiator side

shields are discolored by a brown stain that is visible through the deep blue. The Teflon tape

used to provide continuity between the side shield and end shield appears to be only secured at

the outer edges. The tape and the areas initially covered by the tape appear discolored. The

external thermal control blanket appears to be in good condition; however, the lower patch of

the atomic oxygen experiment materials has many severely degraded samples. Several of the

materials have sections that have eroded away and remain attached at only one end. Others are

to be completely gone. The materials in the upper patch appear to have survived better, but they

are wrinkled and have distorted shapes.

Figure 527

Photo No.: $32-78-036

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10432

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00008

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray F I2

345
Figure 528 (Postflight). The upper and lower radiator shields have fine vertical marks that

may be cracks or abrasions on the surfaces and are discolored by a brown stain. A darker brown

stain appears at the intersection of the end shield sections and in the lower left corner where the

silvered Teflon tape, which is hanging over the LDEF structure, has pulled away. The area initially covered by the tape appears clean and is outlined by a vertical line of discolored material.

The external thermal control blanket has cracks and tears near the intersection with the radiator:

it appears more fragile than in the prelaunch photograph. The lower patch of atomic oxygen

experiment materials has many severely degraded samples. Several of the materials have sections eroded away and remain attached at only one end. Other materials are completely gone or

have only fragments that remain. The materials in the upper patch have survived better, but are

eroded, wrinkled, and have distorted shapes. Discolorations that appear to be pieces of Kapton

tape lie horizontally across the lower third of the upper patch of materials. Another piece of

Kapton tape lies horizontally across the center of the lower patch of material samples.

Figure 528

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1069.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-13488

LISAR No.: EL- 1994-00190

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postf[ight Survey of Tray FI 2

346
Tray G2

Free-Flyer Biostack Experiment (AO015)

Institute for Flight Medicine, DFVLR

Trays: C2 and G2

This experiment investigated the biological effect of cosmic radiation and microgravity on

biomolecules, cysts, spores, and plant seeds.

Figure 529 (Preflight). Experiment AO015 consists of 12 hermetically sealed aluminum

housings that were coated with Chernglaze II A-276 white paint. The canisters contain the test

specimens and are mounted on an anodized aluminum baseplate. Two housings have windows

that were covered with Kapton H foil, which provides low-radiation absorption and a light filter. Two others have an anodized aluminum spherical cover with an open area that limits

incoming radiation from the albedo of the Earth.

Figure 529

Photo No.: KSC-384C-14.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7011

L|SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00331

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/9/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray G2

347
Figure 530 (In Flight). The frame structure is discolored in locations that are adjacent to

the edge of the black thermal panels. There is a reflection of canisters in the right and lower

tray side walls. The Bioslack Experiment AO015 appears Io have survived with all hardware in

place. The exposed Kapton H foil that covered windows in two detector housings is deformed

because of positive internal pressure, but remains intact.

Figure 530

Photo No.: $32-76-068

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10392

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00669

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray G2

Figure 531 (Postflight). The experiment appears to have survived the extended mission

with no visible damage. The experiment housings are intact and all hardware is securely in

place. The detector housings appear to have a stain that is similar to that on the tray hardware.

The Kapton H foil that covered windows in two detector housings does not appear to have been

damaged during the extended mission. The per/orated dome on two of the detector housings

has a slight tan discoloration, but there is no indication of damage.

Figure 531

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1938.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11607

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00282

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G2

348
Figure 532 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment housings are intact and all hardware is securely in place. The detector housings

appear to have a light stain.

Figure 532

Photo No. KSC-390C-1938.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11608

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00437

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray G2

Figure 533 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment housings are intact and all hardware is securely in place. The detector housings

appear to have a light stain.

Figure 533

Photo No. KSC-390C-1938.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11609

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00438

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14190

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray G2

349
Figure 534 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment housings are intact and all hardware is securely in place. The detector housings appear to have a light stain.

Figure 534

Photo No. KSC-390C- !938.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11610

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00439

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: P0stflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray G2

Figure 535 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment housings are intact and all hardware is securely in place. The detector housings appear to have a light stain.

Figure 535

Photo No. KSC-390C-1939.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11611

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00440

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/14/90

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray G2

350
Tray G4

Space Debris hnpact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, A12, B1, B2, B6, BS, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7, E11, FI, F3, F5,

F7, FI0, FI !, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for experiment objective. No individual preflight or in-flight

photograph was available.

Figure 536 (Postflight). The light pink tint of the debris panel is a by-product of the chromic anodize coating process and is not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space

environment. A brown stain is located in the lower right corner of the tray.

Figure 536

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2309.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11626

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00314

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G4

351
Tray G6

Growth of Crystals From Solutions in Low Gravity (AO139A)

Rockwell International Science Center

Technical University of Denmark

Tray: G6

The objective of this experiment was to develop a novel method for growing single lead sulfide (PbS) crystals from a solute diffusion.

Figure 537 (Preflight). Experiment AO 139A consisted of four specially designed reactors

that were housed in a thermally controlled aluminum cylinder, heaters, a data recording and

control system, and lithium sulfadioxide batteries as the power source. The experiment was

thermally isolated from the albedo of the Earth by an aluminum cover plate that was attached to

clips, which were installed on the experiment tray sidewalls. The outward facing surface of the

cover plate was coated with Chemglaze A276 white paint over Chemglaze 9924 wash primer.

The aluminum surface that was facing the tray interior remained uncoated.

Figure 537

Photo No.: KSC-384C-256.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4391

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00381

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/18/84

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray G6

352
Figure 538 (In Flight). The cover plate appears brown because of the lighting. Later

photographs indicated that the cover was a slightly discolored white. The narrow band of discolorations at the right, left, and upper edges of the cover plate appears to be areas of masking

tape residue that have turned brown.

Figure 538

Photo No.: $32-76-066

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10391

L1SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00081

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray G6

Figure 539 (Postflight). Experiment (AOI39A) appears to have survived the extended mission with no visible damage. Some discoloration appears near the center of the left flange of the

tray. The experiment cover plate, which was originally white, is discolored by a very light

brown stain, but it is intact and securely in place.

Figure 539

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1704.05

Dup. Neg.: L91-11642

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00265

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G6

353
Figure 540 (Postflight). This photograph is of the tray after the thermal cover has been

removed. The four specially designed reactors are housed in the thermally controlled aluminum

cylinder in the center of the tray.

Figure 540

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1740.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11660

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00711

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/8/90

Location: KSC SAEF It

Subject: Postflight Detail With Thermal Cover

Removed of Tray G6

354
Tray G8

Space Debris Impact Experiment (SO001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, BS, Bll, C4, C7, D2, D6, El, E4, E7+ El l, FI, F3, F5,

FT, FI0+ Fll, G4, GS, and H5

See section entitled "Tray A5" for experiment objective. No preflight photograph was

available.

Figure 541 (In Flight). The darkness in the left section of the debris panel is attributed to

the lighting, although the panel appears to have a light discoloration. The scrapes and scratch

marks are from preflight handling and are not mission related.

Figure 541

Photo No.: $32-76-077

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10394

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00058

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray G8

355
Figure 542 (PostflighO. Irregular tan discolorations are visible on the lower experiment

tray sidewall. The pink tint on the debris panel is a by-product of the chromic anodize coating

process and is not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space environment. The light

spots on the debris panel are the same abrasions that were observed in the in-flight photograph.

Figure 542

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2308.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11669

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00313

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/26/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G8

356
Tray GI0

Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) (AO201)

Institute for Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: BI2, C3, C9, D6, GI0, and HI1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

Figure 543 (Preflight). Experiment AO201 was an active experiment that exposed

80 detectors to the space environment. The experiment is described in the section "Preflight

Figure 209." The colors on the detectors are the reflections of technicians and the surrounding

clean room work area.

Figure 543

Photo No.: KSC-384C-8.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7001

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00334

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/ 10/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray G10

357
Figure 544 (In Flight). All experiment hardware seems to be in excellent condition and

bond joints have maintained their integrity. The blue on the mirrorlike surface of the detectors

is caused by reflections of the surroundings.

Figure 544

Photo No.: $32-76-050

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10387

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00667

Photo Credil: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray G 10

Figure 545 (Postflight). Experiment AO201 appears to have no visible degradation. The

blue in the metallic surface of the detectors is caused by reflections of the surrounding area.

Figure 545

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2068.08

Dup. Neg. No.: LgI-11688

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00298

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G I0

358
Figure 546 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The

blue on the mirrorlike surface of the detectors is caused by reflections of the surroundings.

Small impact craters are visible on some detectors. Surface scratches are also visible on the

baseplate.

Figure 546

Photo No. KSC-390C-2068.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11689

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00468

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray G 10

Figure 547 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. Small

impact craters are visible on some detectors. The blue on the mirrorlike surface of the detectors

is caused by reflections of the surroundings. Surface scratches are visible on the baseplate.

Figure 547

Photo No. KSC-390C-2068. l0

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11690

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00469

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray G 10

359
Figure 548 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

blue on the mirrorlike surface of the detectors is caused by reflections of the surroundings.

Small impact craters are visible on some detectors. Surface scratches are also visible on the

baseplate. A pie-shaped discoloration is visible on the detector found second from the left and second from the bottom.

Figure 548

Photo No. KSC-390C-2068.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11691

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00470

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray G 10

Figure 549 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

blue on the mirrorlike surface of the detectors is caused by reflections of the surroundings.

Small impact craters are visible on some detectors. Surface scratches are visible on the baseplate.

Figure 549

Photo No. KSC-390C-2068.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11692

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00471

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray G 10

360
Tray GI2

Exposure to Space Radiation of High-Performance Infrared Multilayer Filters and Materials Technology Experiments (AO056)

University of Reading

British Aerospace Corporation

Trays: B8 and G 12

The objectives of these experiments were to expose high-performance infrared multilayer

filters and finishes and adhesive systems to the low-Earth-orbit space environment. The filters,

finishes, and adhesive systems would then be measured to ascertain their suitability for use in

spacecraft and to understand their degradation mechanisms.

Passive Exposure of Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Components (AO147)

The Eppley Laboratory, Inc.

Trays: B8 and GI2

The objective of this experiment was to expose channel components of the Earth Radiation

Budget Experiment to the space environment and then to submit the components to radiometric

calibration. This experiment intended to apply corrections to results from the Earth Radiation

Budget Experiment and to use the information in the selection of components for future solar

and ERB experiments.

Effects of Solar Radiation on Glasses (AO172)

NASA MSFC

Vanderbilt University

Trays: D2 and G 12

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of solar radiation and space

environment on glasses.

Trapped Proton Energy Spectrum Determination (M0002-1)

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory

NASA MSFC

Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center

Clarkson College of Technology

Emmanuel College

Eastern Kentucky University

Trays: D3, D9, and G12

The objectives of this experiment were to measure the flux and the energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to 10 MeV.

361
Figure 550 (Preflight). Experiment AO056 was composed of a module containing

20 specimens that were located in the upper right quadrant of the integrated tray. Experiment

AO147 was located in the lower left quadrant of the integrated tray. Experiment AO172, which

was located in the lower right quadrant of the integrated tray, contained 52 disc-shaped glass

samples. Experiment M0002-I, which was located in lhe upper left quadrant of the integrated

tray, consisted of a primary experiment and three smaller related experiments on an aluminum

mounting plate. The exterior surfaces of the mounting plate, the experiment housings, and the

support structure were coated with lITRE S I3G-LO white paint.

Figure 550

Photo No.: KSC-384C-317.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7165

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00643

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/23/84

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray G 12

FigureS51 (In Flight). Shadows of the remote manipulator system cover a significant

area of the picture. A light tan discoloration is visible on the baseplates and the mounting surfaces of the experiments. All experiment hardware appears intact.

Figure 551

Photo No.: $32-76-054

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10388

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00668

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray G 12

362
Figure 552 (Postflight). The experiment hardware appears intact. There are areas of discoloration on the baseplates and mounting structure of the experiments. The cover plate of experiment AO147 in the lower left, which was originally painted with Chemglaze II A276, now has

a light tan discoloration over most of the surface area.

Figure 552

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1997.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11718

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00296

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray G 12

Figure 553 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. Experiment M0002-1 has a brown discoloration that is concentrated more heavily on areas that are

away from the base. The hardware and sensors are intact.

Figure 553

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1997.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11719

L| SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00442

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray G 12

363
Figure 554 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

faceplate of experiment AO056, which is painted with Chemglaze II A276 white paint, is much

darker than in the preflight photograph. The discoloration is not uniform.

Figure 554

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1997.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11720

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00443

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray G 12

Figure 555 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

faceplate of experiment AO147, which was painted with Chemglaze II A276, has areas of

brown discoloration that are concentrated more on the left side. Note the discoloration flow

pattern below the fasteners. The sensors are intact.

Figure 555

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1997.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11721

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00444

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray G 12

364
Figure 556 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

faceplate that was painted with Chemglaze I1 A276 white paint is slightly less white than in

preflight. There are brown discoloration flow patterns below some of the sample holders. The

test samples are intact.

Figure 556

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1997.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11722

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00445

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray G 12

365
Tray HI

Low-Temperature Heat Pipe Experiment Package for LDEF (HEPP) (S 1001 )

NASA GSFC

NASA ARC

Trays: FI2 and HI

The objectives of this experiment were to determine start-up performance for conventional

and diode low-temperature heat pipes in zero gravity, to evaluate heat pipe performance for an

extended period of time in zero gravity, to determine transport capability of each heat pipe in

zero gravity, and to determine diode operation, such as forward conductance, turndown ratio, and transient behavior.

Figure 557 (Preflight). This power tray is for experiment S1001. The electrical cables in

the photograph are nonflight cables that connected the power tray with the experiment tray and

the ground support test equipment. The power system tray is shown with four red solar array

protective covers that were installed on an aluminum baseplate. The power tray contained four

solar array panels, one nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery, a power system electronics (PSE) unit,

protective thermal blankets, and a 37-1b baseplate (thermal mass). Thirteen strips of thin-film

thermal control materials, which are part of an atomic oxygen experiment that consisted of 65

samples located at three different tray locations (HI, F9, and FI 2), were attached to the experiment tray flanges with Kapton tape.

Figure 557

Photo No.: KSC-383C-4419.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-7331

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00318

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 12/8/83

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray HI

366
Figure 558 (In Flight). The white paint dots on the center clamp blocks of the right flange

and lower flange of the experiment tray are discolored. The discoloration diminishes as the distance from the vent area of the thermal panels increases. The right and lower tray flanges near

the vents also are discolored. Fingerprints are visible on the thermal panels in the vicinity of the

panel mounting fasteners. The experiment hardware appears to be intact with no apparent

changes other than stains along outer edges of the solar arrays.

Figure 558

Photo No.: $32-75-036

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10355

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00085

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray HI

Figure 559 (Postflight). This photograph of experiment S 1001 was taken from the cargo

bay access hatch of the orbiter during postlanding operations at Dryden Flight Research Center.

Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots.

Note also the variation of discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents. Fingerprints

are visible on the thermal panels in the vicinity of the panel mounting fasteners. The experiment hardware is intact with no apparent changes other than stains along outer edges of the

solar arrays. The atomic oxygen samples in the upper left comer of the tray appear to be

degraded. The Kapton tape is loose on the sample in the lower right comer of the tray and on

the center sample on the upper tray flange. In other areas, the tape appears to be firmly adhered

to the tray flanges.

Figure 559

Photo No.: $32-S-282

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21189

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00071

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray HI

367
Figure 560 (Postflight). The experiment hardware is intact with no apparent changes other

than stains along outer edges of the solar arrays. The light brown stains observed along the

upper edges of the solar array mounting plates and around the outer edge of the baseplate in the

in-flight photograph are not apparent in this postflight photograph.

Figure 560

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2367.04

Dup. Neg. No.: Lgl-11748

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00315

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H1

Figure 561 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The

solar cells appear intact. A few small impact craters on the array are visible. The atomic oxygen

experiment samples that were attached to the tray flanges with Kapton tape are in place.

Figure 561

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2367.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11749

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00622

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray H1

368
Figure 562 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

solar cells appear intact. A few srnall impact craters on the array are visible. The Kapton tape

that is holding atomic oxygen experiment samples to the tray flange is loose.

® •

Figure 562

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2367.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11750

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00623

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray H 1

Figure 563 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

solar cells appear intact. A few small impact craters on the array are visible. The atomic oxygen

experiment samples on the left and in the center that were attached to the tray flanges with

Kapton tape are damaged.

® ®

Figure 563

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2367.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11751

LISAR NO.: EL- !994-00618

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray H 1

369
Figure 564 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

solar cells appear intact. A few small impact craters on the array are visible. The atomic oxygen

experiment samples attached to the tray flanges with Kapton tape are in place.

L

I Figure 564

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2367.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11752

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00624

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/28/90

Location: KSC SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H 1

37O
Tray H3

Heavy Ions in Space (M000l)

Naval Research Laboratory

Trays: H3 and H12

The objective of this experiment was to provide a deep survey of intensely ionizing particles in low Earth orbit.

Figure 565 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph shows four experiment modules that

were mounted in the experiment tray. An experiment module consisted of a multilayer thermal

insulation blanket, a top stack of Lexan sheets for detecting low-energy ions, a honeycomb

pressure cover, and the main stack of CR-39 sheets, which was used to detect cosmic rays. The

four modules were identical in materials and construction. The top layer of the thermal blanket

is a 5-rail Kapton film with an aluminum coating vapor deposited on the underside and an overcoat of Chemglaze II A-276 white paint on the exterior. The center section of the thermal blanket is constructed of approximately 22 layers of I/4-mil perforated Mylar film with an

aluminum coating vapor deposited on each side. The bottom layer of the thermal blanket is a

5-rail Kapton film with an aluminum coating vapor deposited on the side facing the Lexan

detector stack sheet. A Dacron mesh (bridal veil) separator is placed between each aluminized

Mylar layer of the core material. The frame around each of the four modules, which was a

Z-shaped aluminum structure, was covered with a silvered Teflon film that was secured with

acrylic transfer tape. The transfer tape on a silvered Teflon film was also used to attach the

edges of the multilayer thermal blankets to the frame of the module.

Figure 565

Photo No. KSC-384C-318.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4397

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00709

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/23/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray H3

371
Figure 566 (In Flight). A light tan stain is visible on the end structure along the left edge

of the tray flange. Lighter stains are also visible on the tray flange between the top and the center tray clamp blocks on the left side. The multilayer thermal insulation blanket has extensive

damage. The tape joints have failed along two sides of each experiment module and have

allowed the thermal blanket to curl back over itself. The gold-colored surfaces that have then

been exposed are the top sheet of the Lexan detector stacks that are held securely in place by the Z shaped aluminum structure.

Figure 566

Photo No.: $32-75-043

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10356

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00670

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray H3

Figure 567(Postflight). This photograph, which was taken from the cargo bay access

hatch of the orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center, shows

extensive damage to the multilaycr thermal insulation blanket. The tape joints appear to have

lktiled along two sides of each experiment module and allowed the multilayer thermal insulation blanket to curl back over itself. The curls are now tighter than they were in flight. Note the

discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots and the

variation of discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents. The paint on the top layer

of the thermal blankets, which was originally white, now appears brown or light tan. The fragments of aluminum in the lower two quadrants appear to be from the delamination of the vapordeposited aluminum from the thermal insulation blanket.

Figure 567

Photo No.: $32-S-278

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21185

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00070

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: !/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H3

372
Figure 568 (Postflight). This photograph shows the four experiment modules with the

thermal blankets severely degraded. The paint on the top layer of the thermal blanket, previously white, is now a glossy tan or soft brown. The tape that was used to attach the thermal

blanket to the module frames failed during flight. The tape failed in tension because of thermal

shrinkage of the blankets, thus leaving tape on both the frame and the top layer of the thermal

blanket. The material exposed underneath the thermal blanket is the top sheet of the detector

stack. A Dacron mesh (bridal veil) separator is clearly visible in the upper right module. The

coating of vapor-deposited aluminum has delaminated from the Mylar film and the Mylar film

has eroded. The delaminated aluminum extends from the blanket in the lower right module.

The loss of the Dacron mesh and some of the aluminum delamination is thought to have

occurred prior to retrieval; however, a significant portion of the aluminum delamination from

the Mylar is thought to have occurred postlanding because of the velocity and direction of air

from the cargo bay purge system.

Figure 568

Photo No.: L90-01797

Dup. Neg. No.: None

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00316

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H3

Figure 569 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower right module shows the discolorations and the extensive damage to the thermal blanket.

Figure 569

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15544

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00068

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Module of

Tray H3

373
Figure 570 (Postflight). This photograph of the lower left module shows the discolorations

and the extensive damage to the thermal blanket.

Figure 570

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15545

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00069

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left Module of

Tray H3

Figure 571 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper left module shows the discolorations

and the extensive damage to the thermal blanket.

Figure 571

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 15546

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00099

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Module of

Tray H3

374
Figure 572 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper right module shows the discolorations and the extensive damage to the thermal blanket.

Figure 572

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15547

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00176

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right Module of

Tray H3

Figure 573 (Postflight). This photograph of the upper left module shows the discolorations

and the extensive damage to the thermal blanket. A white reference card is also shown in the

photograph.

Figure 573

Photo No.: KSC-390C-829.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15559

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00285

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Module of

Tray H3

375
Tray H5

Space Debris Impact Experiment (S0001)

NASA LaRC

Trays: A5, A6, AI2, BI, B2, B6, B8, Bll, C4+ C7, D2, D6, El E4, E7, Ell FI F3, F5, F7, FI0, FI 1, G4+ G8, and H5 ' ' '

See section entitled +'Tray A5" for experiment objective. No preflight photograph was available.

Figure 574 (In Flight). The paint dots on the experiment tray clamp blocks, which were

originally white, show a tan stain that gets darker near the venting area of the end thermal panels. The stain also covers the top and left flanges of the experiment tray. To a lesser degree, the

lower and right tray flanges are also covered with the stain. The vertical lines and the pinkish

color of the debris panel are chromic anodize coating by-products and are not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space environment.

Figure 574

Photo No.: $32-75-064

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10370

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00675

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray H5

376
Figure 575 (Postflight). This photograph was taken from the cargo bay access hatch of the

orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center. Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots and the variation

with proximity to the thermal panel vents. The discolorations on the tray sidewalls appear to be

fingerprints enhanced by the brown stain. Light discolorations are located near the lower side

of the debris panel. The horizontal lines and the pinkish tint of the debris panel are chromic

anodize coating by-products and are not attributed to contamination or exposure to the space

environment. Darker discolorations on the debris panel, similar to water marks, are apparent in

the photograph.

Figure 575

Photo No.: $32-S-293

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21200

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00077

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H5

Figure 576 (Postflight). A brown discoloration is visible on the lower tray flange and a

lighter discoloration is visible on the upper tray flange that is not covered by the experiment

tray clamp blocks. Irregular tan discolorations are also visible on the experiment tray lower

sidewall with a darker stain in the left tray corners.

Figure 576

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1701.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L9 l- 11803

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00264

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/7/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H5

377
Tray H6

Interstellar Gas Experiment (AO038)

JSC

University of Bern

Trays: El2, F6, H6, and H9

Experiment AO038 was designed to collect and isotopically analyze the noble gases in the

particle wind that is formed as the local interstellar medium moves through the inner solar

system.

Figure 577 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph experiment AO038 shows two canisters

housings that are mounted in a 12-in-deep tray. The experiment utilized canisters containing

high-purity beryllium copper collecting foils. The aluminum housing covers, which were

removed prior to flight, protected experiment components from damage and large particle contamination during ground handling. The tray is painted white to provide the necessary thermal control.

Figure 577

Photo No.: KSC-384C-538.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4420

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00043

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray H6

378
Figure 578 (In Flight). A shadow of the shuttle obscures part of the tray. A very light contamination stain is present on the experiment tray flanges and on most of the visible structure.

An exception is a much darker stain on the structure adjacent to thermal panels that provided

venting for the interior of the LDEF. The white thermal control paint now varies from off-white

to a dark brown. Localized dark brown areas in the tray are visible. A beryllium copper collector foil is clearly visible in the lower left canister housing as are the baffles. Light from the fine

wire mesh grid is reflected near the top of the canister housing. Because of an experiment system malfunction, the canister collector foils that are visible were exposed for the total mission.

Figure 578

Photo No.: $32-75-063

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10369

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00674

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray H6

Figure 579 (Postflight). This photograph was taken from the cargo bay access hatch of the

orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center. Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots and the variation of

discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents. The darker appearance of the tray interior is probably due to lighting. A beryllium copper collector foil is clearly visible within the

canister housings as are the baffles. Reflected light from the fine wire mesh grid is visible near

the top of the canister housing.

Figure 579

Photo No.: $32(S)-290

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21197

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00076

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H6

379
Figure 580 (Postflight). The brown stains are still very prominent and appear to be the

same as in the in-flight photograph. The covers have been installed on the canister housings to

protect the space-exposed hardware. The contamination stain shows an outline of tray clampblock locations on the experiment tray flanges.

Figure 580

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1641.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11828

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00215

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H6

Figure 581 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. Note the

extreme dark brown discoloration around the grid voltage plug in the corner of the tray.

Figure 581

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1641.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11829

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00051

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray H6

380
Figure 582 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. Some

dark contamination is visible below the canister. Some shadows are caused by photographic

lighting. The cover has been installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed

hardware.

Figure 582

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1641.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11830

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00052

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray H6

Figure 583 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. Note

the extreme brown discoloration around the grid voltage leads and plug. The cover has been

installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 583

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1641.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11831

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00053

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H6

381
Figure 584 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. Note the

extreme brown discoloration on tray and canister sides. The cover has been installed on the

canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 584

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1641.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11832

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00216

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray H6

Figure 585 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right corner of the tray.

Note the localized extreme brown discoloration around the electrical cable wraps. There is a

reflection of the cable in the tray sidewall.

Figure 585

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1642.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11839

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00261

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Corner- of

Tray H6

382
Figure 586 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower right corner of the tray.

Note the brown discoloration around the grid voltage plug and around the cable wraps.

Figure 586

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1642.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11841

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00276

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right Comer of

Tray H6

Figure 587 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left corner of the tray.

Note the extreme brown discoloration patterns. There is a distinct pattern of the grid voltage

cable on the tray side wall.

Figure 587

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1642.(/8

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11842

L|SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00294

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Corner of

Tray H6

383
Figure 588 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower canister. There is a discoloration or shielding pattern around the grid voltage plug.

Figure 588

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1642.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11844

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00310

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Canister of

Tray H6

Figure 589 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the lower left comer of the tray.

Note the brown discoloration on the left wall of the tray.

Figure 589

Photo No.: KSC-390C-1643.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11846

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00353

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left Corner of

Tray H6

384
Figure 590 (Postflight). This close-up photograph is of the upper left corner of the tray.

Note the extreme brown discoloration. There is a photographic light reflection just below the

grid voltage plug. There is also a reflection of the electrical cable in the tray sidewall.

Figure 590

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1643.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11847

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00366

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left Corner of

Tray H6

385
Tray H7

Effect of Space Environment on Space-Based Radar Phased-Array Antenna (AOi 33)

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

Tray: H7

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of the space environment on the

Kapton polyimide film that was considered for the Grumman SBR Phased-Array Antenna.

Figure 591 (Preflight). Experiment AO 133 consisted of both passive and active parts. The

passive part, which is shown in the left half of the experiment tray, investigated the dimensional stability of Kapton polyimide film when exposed to induced stresses in the space environment. Continuous and spliced specimens of both plain Kapton polyimide film (127-_m

thick) and glass-reinforced Kapton polyimide film (196-_m thick) were exposed. The specimens were stretched over an aluminum roller assembly with a spring-loaded mechanism to provide preselected stresses. An aluminum support structure housed two identical sets of

specimens: one exposed to the total environment and one protected. The active part of the

experiment, which was located in the right half of the tray, investigated the interaction between

high voltage and low-Earth-orbit plasma. A 14-in-wide by 28-in-long section of the Grumman

SBR Phased-Array Antenna consisted of two Kapton film antenna planes and a perforated aluminum ground plane that was mounted on an aluminum support structure. Copper dipole elements deposited on the Kapton film antenna plane provided the high-voltage electrodes.

(

Figure 591

Photo No.: KSC-384C-255.09

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00373

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4390

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/18/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray H7

386
Figure 592 (In Flight). A shadow cast by the orbiter covers most of the left half of the tray,

which contains the active part of the experiment. The experiment appears to be without physical damage. Even in the shadow, a light tan discoloration is visible on the left and lower flanges

of the experiment tray. A darker stain has discolored the originally white paint dots on the

experiment tray clamp blocks. Dark brown stains on the structure of the LDEF are visible in

areas adjacent to the edge of thermal end panels that were designed to facilitate venting of the

interior.

Figure 592

Photo No. $32-75-062

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10368

L[SAR NO.: EL-1994-00673

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray H7

Figure 593 (Postflight). The experiment appears to have no physical damage. This photograph was taken from the cargo bay access hatch of the orbiter during postlanding operations at

the Dryden Flight Research Center. Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, the

tray flanges, and the tray clamp white dots and the variation of discoloration with proximity to

the thermal panel vents. The black thermal coating on the passive part of the experiment

appears unchanged, while the black thermal coating on the active part of the experiment

appears dark gray. The surfaces of the Kapton film specimens of the passive experiment appear

to have changed from specular to diffuse after exposure to the space environment.

Figure 593

Photo No.: $32(S)-288

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21195

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00075

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H7

387
Figure 594 (Postflight). Experiment AO133 appears to have no physical damage. A light

tan discoloration is visible on the left and lower flanges of the experiment tray and also on the

unpainted aluminum filler to the left of the passive part of the experiment. A darker stain has

discolored the lower corners of the tray structure. The black thermal coating on the active part

of the experiment has changed from flat black to dark gray. The coating on the passive part of

the experiment appears less degraded. The exposed surfaces of the Kapton film specimens in

both the active and passive parts of the experiment appear to have changed from specular to

diffuse because of exposure to the space environment.

Figure 594

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1990.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15659

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00295

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Post/light Survey of Tray H7

Figure 595 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment is intact, but the surface appears lighter than in preflight conditions. Light reflections from some underlying surfaces are visible.

Figure 595

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1990.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - 15642

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00409

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/! 5/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray H7

388
Figure 596 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment is intact, but the surface appears lighter than in preflight conditions. Light reflections from some underlying surfaces are visible.

Figure 596

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1990.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15643

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00410

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray H7

Figure 597 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment is intact. The color of the test specimens does not appear as dark as in preflight.

Figure 597

Photo N o.: KSC-390C- 1990.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15644

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00411

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF [I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray H7

389
Figure 598 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

experiment is intact, but the test specimens are not as dark as in preflight. Light reflections

from some underlying surfaces are visible.

Figure 598

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1990.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15645

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00412

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/15/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H7

390
Tray H9

Interstellar Gas Experiment (AO038)

JSC

University of Bern

Trays: El2, F6, H6, and H9

Experiment AO038 was designed to collect and isotopically analyze the noble gases in the

particle wind that is formed as the local interstellar medium moves through the inner solar

system.

Figure 599 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph of the hardware for experiment AO038

shows the orientation of two experiment canister housings that were mounted in a 12-in-deep

tray. The experiment utilized seven canisters that contained high-purity beryllium copper collecting foils. Three canisters were located in peripheral trays and four canisters were located in

trays on the space end of the LDEF. The aluminum housing covers, which were removed prior

to flight, protected experiment components from damage and large particle contamination during ground handling. The tray was painted white to provide the necessary thermal control.

Figure 599

Photo No.: KSC-384C-538.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L89-4418

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00042

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/30/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray H9

391
Figure 600 (In Flight). A very light contamination stain is present on the experiment tray

flanges and on most of the visible structure of the LDEF. The exception is a darker stain on the

structure adjacent to thermal panels that provided venting for the interior. Both paint dots are

heavily coated with the brown contamination stain. The color of the white thermal control paint

now varies from off-white to dark brown with areas of concentrated brown discoloration. A

beryllium copper collector foil is clearly visible in the lower left canister housing as are the bafties. Reflected light from the fine wire mesh grid is visible near the top of the canister housing.

Because of an experiment system malfunction, the canister collector foils that are visible were exposed for the total mission.

Figure 600

Photo No.: $32-75-061

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10367

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00672

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: I/! 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: ln-Flighl View of' Tray H9

Figure 601 (Postflight). This photograph was taken from the cargo bay access hatch of the

orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center. Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots and the variation of

discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents. The color of the white thermal control

paint now varies from off-white to dark brown with areas of concentrated discoloration. A

beryllium copper collector foil is clearly visible in the upper right canister housing as are the

baffles. Reflected light from the fine wire mesh grid is visible near the top of the canister housing.

Figure 60 i

Photo No.: $32(S)-286

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21193

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00074

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: i/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H9

392
Figure 602 (Postflight). The brown stains are still very prominent and appear to be the

same as in the in-flight photograph. The openings in the baseplate for the grid voltage cable

connector mounts are thought to be the source of the darker brown stains around the connectors. The covers were installed on the canister housings to protect the space-exposed hardware.

The contamination stain provides an outline of tray clamp block locations on the tray flanges.

Figure 602

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1636.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11881

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00214

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H9

Figure 603 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. Note the

discoloration on the tray around the canister. The cover was installed on the canister housing to

protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 603

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1637.01

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11912

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00656

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray H9

393
Figure 604 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. Note

the dark brown discoloration on the tray around the canister. A shadow of the canister is caused

by the photographic lights. The cover was installed on the canister housing to protect the space- exposed hardware.

Figure 604

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1637.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91 - I 1913

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00695

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of Tray H9

Figure 605 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. Note

the discoloration on the tray around the canister. Some photographic light shadows are present.

The cover was installed on the canister housing to protect the space-exposed hardware.

M Figure 605

f Photo No.: KSC-390C-1637.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11914

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00696

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H9

394
Figure 606 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. Note the

extreme brown discoloration on the tray around the grid voltage lead and plug. There are

reflections of the lead in the bottom of the tray. The cover was installed on the canister housing

to protect the space-exposed hardware.

Figure 606

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1637.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11915

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00697

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray H9

395
Tray HI 1

Multiple Foil Microabrasion Package (MAP) (AO023)

University of Kent

Trays: C3, C9, D I2, E6, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to capture micrometeoroids and space debris particles

with multiple thin aluminum and brass foil arrays, which ranged in thickness from 1.5 _m to

30 lure. This experiment looked for size, velocity, composition, and distribution of solid parti- cles in the near-Earth environment.

Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) (AO201)

Institute fbr Space Science and Technology

NASA LaRC

North Carolina State University

Trays: BI2, C3, C9, D6, GI0, and HI 1

The objective of this experiment was to study interplanetary dust and obtain information

about particle mass and velocity.

Figure 607 (Preflight). Experiment AO023, which is located in the right halt" of the tray, is

described in figure 230. Experiment AO201, which is located in the left half of the tray, is

described in figure 211. The different colors on the 1DE detectors are the reflection of one of

the technicians and the surrounding area in the metallic, mirrorlike, surface.

Figure 607

Photo No.: KSC-384C-8.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L84-6997

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00321

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/10/84

Location: KSC SAEF 1I

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray H1 I

396
Figure 608 (In Flight). There is a brown stain on the tray structure and most aluminum

surfaces of experiments. Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and

tray clamp white dots and the variation of discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel

vents. The colors in the mirrorlike surface of the detectors are a reflection of the sky and

clouds. The dark spot on the detector in the third row from the top seems to be a flaw in the

photograph since no damage was found in a postflight inspection.

Figure 608

Photo No.: $32-75-060

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10366

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-0067 l

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/12/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray HI I

Figure 609 (Postflight). This postlanding photograph was taken from the cargo bay access

hatch of the orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center. Note

the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots and the

variation of discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents. The colors in the mirrorlike surface of the detectors are a reflection of the cargo bay liner of the orbiter.

Figure 609

Photo No.: $32(S)-284

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21191

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00073

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray HI 1

397
Figure 610 (PostflighO. Both experiments appear intact. The colors in the mirrorlike surface of the detectors are reflections of the surrounding area. A dark spot on a detector in the

third row from the top in the in-flight photograph was not lound in a postflight inspection.

Figure 6 i 0

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2065.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15678

LISAR NO.: EL- [ 994-00297

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF lI

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray Hl l

Figure 611 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The tray

flanges, the sensor holders, and the base mounting plate all have a brown stain. There is a

brown stain on the upper right edge of the sensor surfaces. Surroundings are reflected in the mirrorlike surfaces of the detectors.

Figure 61 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2065.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15679

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00464

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Left of Tray H11

398
Figure 612 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

die-cast aluminum frames, fasteners, thermal isolation plate, and polished aluminum stop plate

are moderately coated with a brown stain. The stain appears more concentrated in vicinities

near adhesive bond joints.

Figure 612

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2065.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15680

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00465

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray H l I

Figure 613 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The tray

flanges, the sensor holders, and the base mounting plate all have a brown stain. There is a

brown stain on the upper right edge of the sensor surfaces. Surroundings are reflected in the

mirrorlike surfaces of the detectors.

Figure 613

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2065.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15681

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00466

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray H 11

399
Figure 614 (Post[light). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

die-cast aluminum frames, fasteners, thermal isolation plate, and polished aluminum stop plate

seem to be moderately coated with a brown stain. The stain appears to be more concentrated in

surfaces. vicinities near adhesive bond joints. There are photographic light reflections in the foil sensor

Figure 614

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2065.1 I

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15682

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00467

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/19/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H II

400
Tray H12

14eavy Ions in Space (M0001)

Naval Research Laboratory

Trays: 143 and I-t12

The objective of this experiment was to provide a deep survey of intensely ionizing particles in low Earth orbit.

Figure 615 (Preflight). The prelaunch photograph shows four experiment modules that

were mounted in the experiment tray. An experiment module consisted of a multilayer thermal

insulation blanket, a top stack of Lexan sheets for detecting low-energy ions, a honeycomb

pressure cover, and the main stack of CR-39 sheets, which was used to detect cosmic rays.

Three modules were identical, while the fourth module was divided into four smaller units that

allowed pressure covers with a lower threshold to ion penetration. The top layer of the thermal

blanket is a 5-rail Kapton film with an aluminum coating vapor deposited on the underside and

an overcoat of Chemglaze I| A-276 white paint on the exterior. The center section of the thermal blanket is constructed of approximately 22 layers of 1/4-mil perforated Mylar film with an

aluminum coating vapor deposited on each side. The bottom layer of the thermal blanket is a

5-rail Kapton film with an aluminum coating vapor deposited oll the side facing the Lexan

detector stack sheet. A Dacron mesh (bridal veil) separator is placed between each aluminized

Mylar layer of the core material. The frame around each of the four modules, which was a

Z-shaped aluminum structure, was covered with a silvered Teflon film that was secured with

3M-Y966 acrylic transfer tape. The transfer tape on a silvered Teflon fihn was also used to

attach the edges of the multilayer thermal blankets to the frame of the module.

Figure 615

Photo No.: KSC-384C-331.06

Dup. Neg. No.: 84-7187

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00646

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 1/24/84

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Preflight Survey of Tray I4 !2

401
Figure 616 (In FlighO. The muitilayer thermal insulation blankets have extensive damage.

The outside blanket surfaces that were originally white are now coated with a glossy dark

brown stain. A light coating of the stain is on the tray flange adjacent to the American flag.

Note the discolorations on the structure of the LDEF, tray flanges, and tray clamp white dots

and the variation of discoloration with proximity to the thermal panel vents.

Figure 616

Photo No.: $32-75-067

Dup. Neg. No.: L90-10373

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00676

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/i 2/90

Location: In Flight

Subject: In-Flight Survey of Tray H 12

Figure 617(Postflight). This photograph of experiment M0001 was taken from the cargo

bay access hatch of the orbiter during postlanding operations at the Dryden Flight Research

Center. The photograph shows the extensive damage to the multilayer thermal blankets. The

loose blankets appear to be more tightly rolled than in the in-flight photograph. The outside

stain. blanket surfaces that were originally painted white are now coaled with a glossy dark brown

Figure 617

Photo No.: $32(S)-283

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-21190

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00072

Photo Credit: JSC

Photo Date: 1/22/90

Location: Shuttle Cargo Bay at Dryden

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H 12

402
Figure 618 (Postflight). The postflight photograph shows the four experiment modules

with multilayer thermal blankets that are severely degraded. Paint on the top layer, previously

white, is now a glossy soft brown or tan. The thermal blankets apparently shrunk in flight, thus

causing them to detach from the frame along two sides The tape used to attach the blanket to

the structure failed in tension across the width of the tape, thus leaving tape on both the frame

and the top layer of the thermal blanket. The thermal blankets on the three large modules have

curled to expose the top Lexan layer of the detector stack beneath. The curled thermal blankets

that protected the four smaller modules in the lower left now expose the 5-rail aluminized

Kapton film pressure covers beneath. The damaged thermal blankets on the right side of the

photograph reveal representative cross sections of the multilayer thermal blankets.

Figure 618

Photo No.: L90-1796

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00380

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 2/6]90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Survey of Tray H! 2

Figure 619 (Postflight). This photograph is of the lower right one-fourth of the tray. The

discolored and damaged thermal blanket is shown. A representative cross section of the blanket

is visible.

Figure 619

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15548

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00166

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Right of

Tray H12

403
Figure 620 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the lower left one-fourth of the tray. The

curled thermal blankets that protected the four smaller modules now expose the 5-rail alumi- nized Kapton film pressure covers beneath.

Figure 620

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15549

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00167

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Lower Left of Tray HI2

Figure 621 (PostflighO. This photograph is of the upper left one-fourth of the tray. The

beneath. damaged thermal blanket has curled to expose the top Lexan layer of the detector stack

Figure 621

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15550

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00168

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postt]ight Detail of Upper Left of Tray HI2

404
Figure 622 (Postflight). This photograph is of the upper right one-fourth of the tray. The

discolored and damaged thermal blanket is shown. A representative cross section of the blanket

is visible.

J

Figure 622

Photo No.: KSC-390C-828.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91- i 555 l

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00169

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Upper Right of

Tray H 12

Figure 623 (Postflight).

colored thermal covers.

This photograph shows a white card for comparison with the disFigure 623

Photo No.: KSC-390C-829.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-15557

L|SAR NO.: EL-1994-00283

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/6/90

Location: KSC SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray H12

405
Postflight Photographs of Structural Elements Showing

Circumferential and Lengthwise Variation of Discoloration

Figure 624 (PostflighO. This photograph shows longeron A between rows 12 and 1 with

the Earth-facing end to the left. The side of tray A 12 was adjacent to this longeron. Little if any

contamination on the longeron is visible. Note the discoloration on the intercostal to the left.

The edge of the thermal panel location is marked by a line of concentrated brown discoloration.

This discoloration was the effect of internal venting. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 624

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2951.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20490

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00608

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron A Between

Rows 12 and I

Figure 625 (Postflight). Longeron B between rows 1 and 2 with the Earth-facing end to the

left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A I was adjacent to this longeron. The light

area on the Iongeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is a distinct pattern of

discoloration lighting. on the side of the Iongeron. The discoloration on the intercostal is washed out by

!

Figure 625

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18257

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00634

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postt]ight Detail of Longeron B Between

Rows I and 2

406
Figure 626 (Postflight). Longeron C between rows 2 and 3 with the Earth-facing end to the

left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A2 was adjacent to this Iongeron. The light

area on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is no significant discoloration on the Iongeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location.

The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 626

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2948.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18590

LIS AR NO.: EL- 1994-00633

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron C Between

Rows 2 and 3

Figure 627 (Postflight). Longeron D between rows 3 and 4 with the Earth-facing end to the

left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A3 was adjacent to this longeron. The light

area on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is no significant discoloration on the longeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location.

The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

5 ̧ i:iii_!!i!i ......

?i I

Figure 627

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2945.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18556

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00632

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron D Between

Rows 3 and 4

407
Figure 628 (Postflight). This photograph shows Iongeron E between rows 4 and 5 with the

Earth-facing end to the left. The side of tray A4 was adjacent to this longeron. The considerable

area of light on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is no significant

discoloration on the longeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge

intercostal. location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the

Figure 628

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2945.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18553

LISAR NO." EL- 1994-00631

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron E Between

Rows 4 and 5

Figure 629 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron F between rows 5 and 6 with the

Earth-facing end to the left. The side of tray A5 was adjacent to this Iongeron. The light area on

the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is no significant discoloration

on the longeron. There is no line of concentrated discoloralion at the thermal panel edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 629

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2942.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18517

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00630

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron F Between

Rows 5 and 6

408
Figure 630 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron G between rows 6 and 7 with the

Earth-facing end to the left. The side of tray A6 was adjacent to this longeron. There is no visible discoloration on the longeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel

edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the

intercostal.

Figure 630

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2942.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18514

L1SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00629

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron G Between

Rows 6 and 7

Figure 631 (Postflight). Longeron H between rows 7 and 8 with the Earth-facing end to the

left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A7 was adjacent to this longeron. The pattern

of light on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is no significant discoloration on the longeron. The edge of the thermal panel location is marked by a line of concentrated brown discoloration. This was the effect of internal venting. The area covered by the

tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 631

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2939.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18479

L1SAR NO.: EL-1994-00628

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron H Between

Rows 7 and 8

4119
Figure 632 (Postflight). Longeron I between rows 8 and 9 with the Earth-facing end to the

left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A8 was adjacent to this longeron. There is a

slight discoloration on the longeron. The edge of the thermal panel location is marked by a line

of concentrated brown discoloration. This discoloration was the effect of internal venting. The

area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

3

377

Figure 632

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2939.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18476

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00627

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postfligh! Detail of Longeron 1 Between

Rows 8 and 9

Figure 633 (Postflight). This photograph shows Iongeron J between rows 9 and 10 with

the Earth-facing end to the let1. The side of tray A9 was adjacent to this Iongeron There is

some discoloration on the longeron. The edge of the thermal panel location is marked by a line

of concentrated brown discoloration. This discoloration was the effect of internal venting. The

area covered by the tray llange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 633

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2936.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18440

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00626

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron J Between

Rows 9 and 10

410
Figure 634 (Postflight). Longeron K between rows 10 and 11 with the Earth-facing end to

the left is shown in this photograph. The side of tray AI0 was adjacent to this longeron. There

are areas of heavy discoloration on the longeron. This pattern of discoloration was the heaviest

on longeron K. The edge of the thermal panel location is marked by a line of concentrated

brown discoloration on the intercostal. This discoloration was the effect of internal venting.

The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 634

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2935.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18436

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00625

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron K Between

Rows 10 and 11

Figure 635 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron L between rows 11 and 12 with

the Earth-facing end to the left. The side of tray AI 1 was adjacent to this longeron. There are

small areas of heavy discoloration on the longeron. The edge of the thermal panel location is

marked by a line of concentrated brown discoloration on the intercostal. This discoloration was

the effect of internal venting. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded

area of the intercostal.

No photograph was taken of longeron A between rows 12 and 1 with the Earth-facing end

to the right.

Figure 635

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2952.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20494

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00609

Photo Credit:

Location:

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron L Between

Rows 11 and 12

411
Figure 636 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron B between rows I and 2 with the

Earth-facing end to the right. The side of tray A2 was adjacent to this longeron. The pattern of

light on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostat end fitting. There is no visible discoloration on the longeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location.

The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 636

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3465.11

Dup. Neg. No. L92-20095

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00584

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Longeron B Between

Rows 1 and 2

Figure 637 (Postflight). Longeron C between rows 2 and 3 with the Earth-facing end to the

right is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A3 was adjacent to this longeron. The pattern of light on the longeron is a reflection offthe intercostal end fitting. There is no visible discoloration on the longeron or line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge

location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the inter- costal and longeron.

Figure 637

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3465. l0

Dup. Neg. No. L92-20094

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00583

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF I!

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron C Between

Rows 2 and 3

412
Figure 638 (Postflight). Longeron D between rows 3 and 4 with the Earth-facing end to the

right is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A4 was adjacent to this longeron. There is no

visible discoloration on the longeron. There is no line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area

of the intercostal.

Figure 638

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3462.08

Dup. Neg. No. L92-20056

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00582

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron D Between

Rows 3 and 4

Figure 639 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron E between rows 4 and 5 with the

Earth-facing end to the right. The side of tray A5 was adjacent to this longeron. The pattern of

light on the longeron is a reflection off the intercostal end fitting. There is a discoloration on the

longeron. There is no line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location. The

area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 639

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3462.07

Dup. Neg. No. L92-20055

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00581

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron E Between

Rows 4 and 5

413
Figure 640 (PostflighO. This photograph shows longeron F between rows 5 and 6 with the

Earth-facing end to the right. The side of tray A6 was adjacent to this longeron. There is a

heavy and distinct pattern of discoloration on the longeron. Note the distinct pattern of the

bolts. There is no line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location. The area

covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 640

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459.05

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19138

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00548

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron F Between

Rows 5 and 6

Figure 641 (PostflighO. This photograph shows longeron G between rows 6 and 7 with the

Earth-facing end to the right. The side of tray A7 was adjacent to this longeron. There is a small

pattern of discoloration on the Iongeron and on the diagonal structural member fitting. There is

a distinct line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location. This discoloration was the effect of internal venting. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 641

Photo No. KSC-390C-3459.04

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19137

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00577

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron G Between

Rows 6 and 7

414
Figure 642 (Postflight). Longeron H between rows 7 and 8 with the Earth-facing end to the

right is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A8 was adjacent to this longeron. There is a

pattern of discoloration on the Iongeron. There is a distinct line of concentrated discoloration at

the thermal panel edge location. The area covered by the tray tlange contrasts with the

unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 642

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3455.12

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19097

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00615

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron H Between

Rows 7 and 8

Figure 643 (PostflighO. Longeron I between rows 8 and 9 with the Earth-facing end to the

right is shown in this photograph.The side of tray A9 was adjacent to this longeron. There is a

large pattern of discoloration on the longeron. There is a distinct line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal panel edge location. This discoloration was the effect of internal venting.

The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of the intercostal.

Figure 643

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3455.11

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19096

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00614

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron I Between

Rows 8 and 9

415
Figure 644 (Postflight). Longeron J between rows 9 and 10 with the Earth-facing end to the

right is shown in this photograph. The side of tray A I0 was adjacent to this longeron. There is

little if any discoloration on the longeron. There is a distinct line of discoloration at the thermal

panel the intercostal. edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of

Figure 644

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3452.09

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19058

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00722

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron J Between

Rows 9 and 10

Figure 645 (PostflighO. This photograph shows longeron K between rows i 0 and 11 with

the Earth-facing end to the right. The side of tray All was adjacent to this longeron. There is

little if any discoloration on the Iongeron. There is a distinct line of discoloration at the thermal

the panelintercostal. edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of

Figure 645

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3452.08

Dup. Neg. No. L92-19057

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00721

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron K Between

Rows I0 and I1

416
Figure 646 (Postflight). This photograph shows longeron L between rows 11 and 12 with

the Earth-facing end to the right. Tile side of tray A I2 was adjacent to this longeron. There is

no discoloration on the longeron. There is no line of concentrated discoloration at the thermal

panel edge location. The area covered by the tray flange contrasts with the unshielded area of

the intercostal.

Figure 646

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3469.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-3731

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00585

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF 1I

Subject: Postflight Detail of Longeron L Between

Rows I1 and 12

Figure 647 (Postflight). Tray AI was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay A) of

longeron B. Longeron B (Earth-facing end to left) was selected because of the distinct patterns

on the Iongeron web. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration near the

left intercostal.

,I

d l

Figure 647

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18257

L|SAR NO.: EL-1994-00634

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay A

417
Figure 648 (Postflight). Tray AI was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay A) of

longeron B. The pattern fades near the center of the bay. but it gets darker near the right intercostal.

Figure 648

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.04

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18259

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00635

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay A

Figure 649 (PostflighO. Tray B I was adjacent to this par! (left intercostal of bay B) of

longeron B. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration with multiple shad- ing near the left intercostal.

Figure 649

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18260

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00636

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Dctail of Left Side of Bay B

418
Figure 650 (Postflight). Tray B1 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay B) of

longeron B. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration with multiple shading near the right intercostal.

Figure 650

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18262

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00637

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay B

No photograph exists of Bay C.

Figure 651 (Postflight). Tray DI was adjacent to this part (center ring of bay D) of longeron B. There is a small faint pattern of discoloration on the longeron near the center ring.

Figure 65 l

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18263

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00638

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay D

419
Figure 652 (Postflight). Tray DI was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay D) of

longeron B. There is a distinct pattern of discoloration near the right intercostal but none in the center.

Figure 652

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18265

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00639

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay D

Figure 653 (Postflight). Tray El was adjacent to this part (let1 intercostal of bay E) of longnear eron B. There is a significan! and well defined pattern of discoloration with multiple shadings the left intercostal.

Figure 653

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2949. I 1

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-18266

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00640

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflighl Detail of Left Side of Bay E

420
Figure 654 (Postflight). Tray E1 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay E) of

longeron B. There is a significant and well defined pattern of discoloration with multiple shadings near the right intercostal.

Figure 654

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2950.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20470

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00641

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay E

Figure 655 (Postflight). Tray F 1 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay F) of longeron B. There is a significant and well defined pattern of discoloration with multiple shadings

near the left intercostal.

Figure 655

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2950.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20471

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00606

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay F

421
Figure 656 (PostflighO. Tray FI was adjacent to this (right intercostal of bay F) part of

longeron B. There is a significant and well defined pattern of discoloralion with multiple shad- ings near the right intercostal.

Figure 656

Photo No.: KSC-390C-2950.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20473

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00607

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/8/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Posfflight Detail of Right Side of Bay F

Figure 657 (PostflighO. Tray A6 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay A) of

longeron F. The Earth-lacing end of LDEF is to the right in this photograph, which shows longeron F between rows 5 and 6. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration

near the right intercostal. Note the sharp patterns of the bolts and wiring clamp.

Figure 657

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19138

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00548

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay A

422
Figure 658 (Postflight). Tray A6 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay A) of

longeron F. There is a significant and well defined pattern of discoloration near the left intercostal. Note the wiring clamp patterns.

Figure 658

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459.07

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19140

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00549

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay A

Figure 659 (Postflight). Tray B6 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay B) of

Iongeron F. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration near the right intercostal. Note the wiring clamp and wiring wrap patterns. The patterns fade near the center of the

bay.

Figure 659

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19141

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00550

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: Subject: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay B

423
Figure 660 (PostflighO. Tray B6 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay B) of

longeron F. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration near the left intercostal. Note the faint pattern of the wiring clamp. The pattern fades near the center of the bay.

Figure 660

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19143

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00551

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay B

Figure 661 (PostflighO. Tray C6 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay C) of

longeron F. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration with distinctly different shadings near the right intercostal. Note the sharp cutoff of the discoloration just to the left of the intercostal.

Figure 661

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3459. I 1

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-19144

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00552

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF I1

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay C

424
Figure 662 (Postflight). Tray C6 was adjacent to this part (center ring of bay C) of longeron F. There is a faint indication of a pattern of discoloration near the center ring.

Figure 662

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.02

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20027

L1SAR NO.: EL-1994-00553

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay C

Figure 663 (Postflight). Tray D6 was adjacent to this (center ring of bay D) part of longeron F. There is a small pattern of discoloration near the center ring.

Figure 663

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.03

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20028

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00554

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF I|

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay D

425
Figure 664 (Postflight). Tray D6 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay D) of

longeron F. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration near the left intercostal. Note the faint wire clamp pattern. The pattern fades near the center of the bay.

Figure 664

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.05

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20030

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00555

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay D

Figure 665 (Postflight). Tray E6 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay E) of

patterns. Iongeron F. There is a distinct and well-defined pattern of discoloration. Note the wire clamp

Figure 665

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.06

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20031

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00556

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF 11

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay E

426
Figure 666 (Postflight). Tray E6 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay E) of longeron F. There is a significant and well-defined pattern of discoloration.

Figure 666

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20033

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00578

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay E

Figure 667 (Postflight). Tray F6 was adjacent to this part (right intercostal of bay F) of

longeron F. There is a faint pattern of discoloration near the right intercostal. There is also a

sharp cutoff of the discoloration just to the left of the intercostal.

Figure 667

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.09

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20034

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00579

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Right Side of Bay F

427
Figure 668 (Postflight). Tray F6 was adjacent to this part (left intercostal of bay F) of longeron F. There is a small but distinct pattern of discoloration near the left intercostal.

Figure 668

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3460.11

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20036

LISAR NO.: EL-1994-00580

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/20/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Left Side of Bay F

428
Photographs of Selected Areas of Discoloration

Figure 669 (Postflight). Note the extensive contamination and discoloration. There is the

pattern of a diagonal structural member across the back of the tray. There is also a pattern

where a wiring harness has been removed from the lower left tray members.

Figure 669

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1545.08

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-9080

L1SAR NO.: EL-1994-00710

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: KSC

Subject: Postflight View of Back of Tray C3

Figure 670 (Postflight). The interior of the LDEF was essentially black to provide radiative coupling in thermal control of the facility. Note the pattern of discoloration on the back of

tray B2 in the top left of the photograph.

Figure 670

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1481.07

Dup. Neg. No.:L91-15630

LI SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00049

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 2/28/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight View of LDEF Interior

429
Figure 671 (Postflight). This photograph of tray FII shows extensive discoloration and

contamination. Note the discoloration below the rivet heads. It appears that during tray manufacture or integration, tape had been placed on the tray sidewall and the tray was improperly cleaned after the tape was removed.

Figure 671

Photo No.: KSC-390C- 1537.12

Dup. Neg. No.: L91-11508

LISAR No.: LISAR No.: EL-1994-00691

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 3/2/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Tray F11 Discoloration

Figure 672 (Postflight). This photograph of the interior flange of the longeron D shows the

discoloration pattern alter the wiring harness and wire holding clips were removed.

Figure 672

Photo No.: KSC-390C-3622.10

Dup. Neg. No.: L92-20238

L1SAR NO.: EL- 1994-00586

Photo Credit: KSC

Photo Date: 4/30/90

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Post/light Detail of Wiring Harness Pattern

on Longeron D

430
Figure 673 (Postflight). This photograph is of the structural member adjacent to the end of

Iongeron F (between rows 5 and 6) at the Earth-facing end of the LDEF. Note the extensive

color and highly directional patterns of the bolts and nuts.

Figure 673

Photo No.: L90-01517

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00054

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 1990

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Structure Discoloration

Figure 674 (Preflight). This photograph is

2 spares) prior to flight. Note the bright color.

of trunnion scuff plates (4 flight plates and

Figure 674

Photo No.: L83-09232

LISAR NO.: EL- 1994-00703

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 1983

Location: LaRC

Subject: Preflight Detail of Scuff Plates

431
Figure 675 (Postflight). This set of trunnion scuff plates was removed from the LDEF after

onflight. the trailing The brighter side. scuff plate was on the leading side during flight, while the duller one was

Figure 675

Photo No.: L90-01537

LISAR NO.: EL- i 994-00055

Photo Credit: LaRC

Photo Date: 1990

Location: SAEF II

Subject: Postflight Detail of Scuff Plates

432
References

1. Clark, L. G.: Kinard, W. H.; Carter, D. L., Jr.: and Jones, J. L., Jr., eds.: Long Duration E.vl_osure Facility (LDEF_-

Mission 1 E_Twriments. NASA SP-473, 1984.

2. Berrios, William M.: Use of the Long Duration Exposure Facility's Thermal Measurement System for the Verification of

Thermal Models. LDEF: 69 Months in Space--First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part I, Arlene S. Levine, ed., NASA

CP-3134, 1992, pp. 69-83.

3. Sampair, Thomas R.: and Berrios, William M.: Effects of Low Earlh Orbit Environment on Ihe Long Duration Exposure

Facility Thermal Control Coatings. LDEF: 69 Months in Space First post-Retrieval Syml_osium, Part 2, Arlene S. Levine,

ed., NASA CP-3134, 1992, pp. 935-944.

4. Sampair, Thomas R.: A Generalized Approach to the Thermal Analysis of the Long Duration Exposure Facility's Flight

Experiments. LDEF: 09 Months in Space--Second Post-Retrieval Syml)osium, Part l, Arlene S. Levine, ed., NASA

CP-3194, 1993, pp. 27-50.

5. Berrios William M.; and Sampair, Thomas R.: Long Duration Exposlwe Facility Post-Flight Thermal Analysis, Part 1.

NASA TM-104208, 1992.

6. Davis, L. K.: Sanders, W. W." Hagan, G. R.: and Andrus, A. M. Greg: Gravity Gradiem Test Satellite. Document

No. 67SD4418, Contract AF 04(695)734, General Electric, Sept. 1968.

7. Das, Aniruddha: Foulke, Howard F.; and Siegel, Sherman H.: Passive Stabilization _fthe Long Duration Exl_oslwe b_wility

(LDEFL NASA CR-132556, 1974.

8. Siee, el. S, H.; and Vishwanath, N. S.: Analysi,_ ofthe Passive Stabilization ofthe Long Duration Ewosure Facility (LDEF).

NASA CR-159023, 1977.

9. Kinard, William H.; and Martin, Glenna D.: Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Space Environments Ovcrviev,.

LDEF_9 Months in Space: First Post Retrieval Symposium, Arlene S. Levine, ed., NASA CP-3134, Part I, June 1991,

pp. 49-60.

433