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STATE OF MICHIGAN 

COURT OF APPEALS 

MYRTLE FLOSSIE MOORE, 

 Plaintiff-Appellant, 

UNPUBLISHED 

June 16, 2016 

v No. 320246 

Eaton Circuit Court 

WILLIAM THOMAS SWAFFORD and COCACOLA REFRESHMENTS USA, INC., LC No. 12-000969-NI 

 Defendants-Appellees. 

Before: BORRELLO, P.J., and RONAYNE KRAUSE and RIORDAN, JJ. 

RIORDAN, J. (dissenting). 

 I believe the trial court properly granted defendants’ motion for summary disposition. 

Therefore, I respectfully dissent. 

 Plaintiff, born in 1938, has a lengthy medical history. She has a history of arthritis with 

chronic back pain, cancer of the spine, osteoarthritis, hiatal hernia, hypercholesteremia, 

hypertension, renal stones, anemia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, cataracts, and radiation and 

chemotherapy for bone cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and spinal cord cancer. Plaintiff also 

received medical treatment in 2006 for neck pain that radiated into her right shoulder, which 

included pain in the neck and right shoulder when she moved her right shoulder. As the majority 

concedes, plaintiff had a significant medical history showing multiple treatments and issues with 

her shoulder, back, and spine 

 At issue in this case is whether the plaintiff suffered a serious impairment as a result of 

the June 13, 2011 car accident. In that incident, plaintiff was rear-ended when stopped at a 

traffic light. Because her hands were on the steering wheel, she believed her shoulder probably 

twisted from the impact. However, she declined transport to the hospital after the accident. 

 After checking with her insurance agent, plaintiff went to the emergency room for 

shoulder pain. Her shoulder was x-rayed, although there was no swelling or bruising. She 

subsequently saw several doctors, including Dr. John Morgan, an orthopedic surgeon. She 

informed him that the pain in her right shoulder was caused by the accident. An MRI of her 

shoulder was taken, and demonstrated a 6-millimeter gap in the portion of her rotator cuff. 

Morgan concluded that she most likely tore her rotator cuff, even though the radiologist detected 

no evidence of a tear. Morgan diagnosed plaintiff with rotator cuff syndrome and shoulder 

impingement syndrome. 
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 After continued treatment, including physical therapy and surgery, plaintiff initiated this 

instant action against defendants, seeking damages for noneconomic losses under the no-fault 

act. MCL 500.3135(1). Defendants eventually moved for summary disposition, contending that 

there was no genuine issue of material fact regarding whether plaintiff suffered a serious 

impairment of a body function under the no-fault act. The trial court granted defendants’ 

motion, and plaintiff now appeals. 

 Under the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., tort liability for noneconomic loss is 

limited to cases in which a plaintiff “has suffered death, serious impairment of body function, or 

permanent serious disfigurement” that was “caused by [the] ownership, maintenance, or use of a 

motor vehicle.” MCL 500.3135(1). A “serious impairment of body function” requires proof of: 

“(1) an objectively manifested impairment (2) of an important body function that (3) affects the 

person’s general ability to lead his or her normal life.” McCormick v Carrier, 487 Mich 180, 

195; 795 NW2d 517 (2010); MCL 500.3135(5). Courts may determine whether a person 

suffered a serious impairment of body function as a matter of law if (1) there is not a factual 

dispute concerning the nature and extent of the person’s injuries, or (2) there is a factual dispute 

concerning the nature and extent of the person's injuries, but that dispute is not material to the 

determination of whether the person suffered a serious impairment of body function. MCL 

500.3135(2)(a). 

 In the instant case, the trial court found that there was some factual dispute regarding the 

nature and extent of plaintiff’s injuries. Nonetheless, it concluded that the dispute was not 

material to the determination of whether plaintiff suffered a serious impairment of a body 

function. In other words, the trial court concluded that any injury that may have incurred did not 

affect her general ability to live a normal life, which was the type of everyday living she had 

prior to the June 13, 2011 car accident. 

The trial court did not err. Under McCormick, a plaintiff must show that an accidentrelated injury had “an influence on some of the person’s capacity to live in his or her normal 

manner of living.” 487 Mich at 202. This inquiry “necessarily requires a comparison of the 

plaintiff's life before and after the incident.” Id. See also Nelson v Dubose, 291 Mich App 496, 

499; 806 NW2d 333 (2011) (“[T]he plaintiff has to show that the plaintiff's ability to lead a 

normal life has been affected by comparing the plaintiff’s life before and after the injury.”). The 

McCormick Court noted three caveats: (1) the plaintiff’s general ability to lead her pre-accident 

normal life need only be affected, not destroyed; (2) the focus is on whether the impairment 

affected the plaintiff’s ability to maintain her normal manner of living, not whether some of her 

manner of living has itself been affected; and (3) the impairment need not be permanent. Id. at 

202-203. 

The plaintiff testified that after the accident, she was able to continue to live alone, even 

at her advanced age. No one came to live with her or to help with day-to-day activities. She 

continued to mow her lawn, cook, clean her own home, and sweep the floors. Some of her 

activities apparently were limited, such as washing walls, climbing ladders, carrying groceries, or 

holding her grandchildren. However, given plaintiff’s advanced age and extensive medical 

history before the auto accident, which included pain in her knees, shoulders, and neck, it cannot 

be said that her life before the accident was more active, in any material way, than it was after 
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the incident. See Nelson, 291 Mich App at 499. Plaintiff also continued to drive, again at her 

advanced age, although not as frequently. 

In summary, when viewing the facts in a light most favorable to plaintiff, the evidence 

before us does not establish a genuine issue of material fact that plaintiff’s injuries affected her 

general ability to lead her normal life after the accident at issue. 

Accordingly, I would find that the trial court properly granted summary disposition to 

defendants. For these reasons, I dissent. 

/s/ Michael J. Riordan