C4 to C12 C3 to C25 CH3OH C2H5OH (CH3)3COCH3 C3H8 CH4 H2

100–105(a) ≈200 32.04 46.07 88.15 44.1 16.04 2.02(x)

85–88(b) 84–87 37.5 52.2 66.1 82 75 012–15(b) 33–16 12.6 13.1 13.7 18 25 100

0 0 49.9 34.7 18.2 – – 0

0.72–0.78(b) 0.81–0.89(d) 0.796(c) 0.796(c) 0.744(m) 0.508 0.424 0.07(u)

6.0–6.5(b) 6.7–7.4(d) 6.63(b) 6.61(b) 6.19(m) 4.22 1.07(r) –

80–437(b) 370–650(d) 149(c) 172(c) 131(c) -44 -259 -4,230(u)

8–15(k) 0.2 4.6(o) 2.3(o) 7.8(e) 208 2,400 –

90–100(u) -- 107 108 116(t) 112 – 130+

81–90(s) -- 92 92 101(t) 97 – –

86–94(s) N/A 100 100 108(t) 104 120+ –

5–20 40–55 -- -- -- -- -- --

Negligible Negligible 100(c) 100(b) 4.3(e) – ––

Negligible Negligible 100(c) 100(b) 1.4(e) – ––

-40(g) -40–30(4) -143.5 -173.2 -164(c) -305.8 -296 -435(v)

0.37–0.44(3,p) 2.6–4.1 0.59(j) 1.19(j) 0.35(j) – –

-45(b) 165(d) 52(o) 55(o) -14(e) -100 to -150 -300 --

495(b) ≈600 867(b) 793(b) 815(e) 850–950 1,004 1,050–1,080(u)

1.4(b) 1 7.3(o) 4.3(o) 1.6(e,k) 2.2 5.3 4.1(u)

7.6(b) 6 36(o) 19(o) 8.4(e,k) 9.5 15 74(u)

≈900(b) ≈700 3,340(b) 2,378(b) 863(5) 775 – –≈150(b) ≈100 506(b) 396(b) 138(5) 193.1 219 192.1(v)

≈10(b) ≈8 78.4(b) 44(b) 11.8 – – –

Properties of Fuels

No. 2 MTBE 

Gasoline Diesel Fuel Methanol Ethanol MTBE Propane (CNG) Hydrogen
18,800–20,400 19,200–20000 9,750(2) 12,800(q) 18,290(h) 21,600 23,600 61,002(v)18,000–19,000 18,000–19,000 8,570(b) 11,500(q) 15,100(h) 19,800 21,300 51,532(v)

124,800 138,700 64,250 84,100 – 91,300 – –

115,000 128,400 56,800(3) 76,000(3) 93,500(4) 84,500 19,800(6)

–

95.2(b) 96.9(5,q) 92.5(b) 92.9(b) –– ––

1,290(b) – 1,330(b) 1,280(b) –– ––

0.48(g) 0.43 0.6(j) 0.57(j) 0.5(j) -- -- --

14.7(3) 14.7 6.45(l) 9(l) 11.7(j) 15.7 17.2 34.3(u)

2(b) – 12.3(b) 6.5(b) 2.7(j) – ––

No. 2 MTBE 

Gasoline Diesel Fuel Methanol Ethanol MTBE Propane (CNG) Hydrogen

onents. Laboratory engine Research and Motor octane rating procedures are not suitable for use with neat oxygenates. Octane values 

ot useful in determining knock-limited compression ratios for vehicles operating on neat oxygenates and do not represent octane performance 

 hydrocarbons. Similar problems exist for cetane rating procedures.

for completeness only. Since no vehicles in use, or currently being developed for future use, have powerplants capable of condensing the 

r heating value should be used for practical comparisons between fuels.

rence ( c ).

ated references was taken from: American Petroleum Institute (API), Alcohols and Ethers, Publication No. 4261, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC, 

ent of Their Application as Motor Fuels,” API Publication No. 4261, July 1976.

cs, 62nd Edition, 1981, The Chemical Rubber Company Press, Inc.

m Product Surveys, National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, October 1987.

ane Blending Component for Unleaded Gasoline," Johnson, R.T., Taniguchi, B.Y., Symposium on Octane in the 1980’s, American Chemical Society,

r 10-15, 1979.
n Technology for Highway Transportation: A 1981 Perspective,” Vol. 1, Spark-Ignition Engine, May 1982, DOE/CE-56051-7.

earch Project 44, NBS C-461.

th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, new York, 1985.

erties of Pure Compounds,” Design Institute for Physical Property Data, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1984.

or Gasoline, Summer 1986, Winter 1986/1987, National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research.

on 723, “Teri-Butyl Methyl Ether,” 1984.

Laboratory.

eum Refining, Volume I, Chapter I. Revised Chapter 1 to First, Second, Third and Fourth Editions, 1988.

ommended Practice, J312 May 1986, 1988 SAE Handbook, Volume 3.

d Air Pollution,” Obert, E.F., 3rd Edition, Intext Educational Publishers, 1973.

ct to the water at 60 degrees F (Mueller & Associates).

nd Energy Research, Petroleum Product Surveys, Motor Gasolines, Summer 1992, NIPER-178 PPS 93/1 (Batlesville, OK, January 1993), Table 1.

bstman, “The Properties and Performance of Modern Automotive Fuels,” Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Publication No. 861178

u, “Hydrogen as a Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines,” Alternative Energy Sources VIII, Volume 2, Research and Development (New York: Hemisphere

 559-560.

y Gulf Research and Development Company, Pittsburgh, PA, 1962.