# Patent

## Title
Pressure-sensitive touch screen display and method

## Abstract

An electronic device includes a pressure-sensitive touch screen display that can dynamically monitor a user's interaction with the device, and adjust the pressure thresholds of different areas of the touch screen display based on the user's monitored interactions. The orientation of the device is determined, the touch screen display is divided into sections, and the device monitors the pressure the user applies in the different sections of the screen. A pressure map is then created that includes pressure detection thresholds specific to the orientation and user. One or more preferred regions of the screen are defined based on the pressure map. When a pressure-sensitive input is located in a less preferred screen region, the pressure-sensitive input may be relocated to a preferred screen region, or may be enlarged while remaining in the less preferred screen region to allow the user to more easily press on the pressure-sensitive input.

## Background
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to electronic devices with touch screen displays, and more specifically relates to devices with a pressure-sensitive touch screen display.
2. Background Art
Users interact with electronic devices that have touch screen displays, such as smart phones, in different ways. Most people use their fingers or thumbs most of the time, while some use a stylus. Apple, Inc. introduced a touch screen display in the Apple 6 phones that is pressure-sensitive, meaning a light touch on a pressure-sensitive graphic can cause a first action, a medium touch can cause a second action, and a heavy touch can cause a third action. This pressure-sensitive touch screen display is supported in the iOS 9 and iOS 10 by Apple that runs on Apple devices, and is called 3D Touch by Apple. 3D Touch is a trademark of Apple, Inc.
Different users use their devices in different manners. For example, some prefer to hold their phone in a portrait orientation, and scroll or select items on the screen with the thumb of the hand that is holding the phone. Some prefer to hold their phone in a landscape orientation, and scroll and select items on the screen with the thumbs of both hands. Two-handed operation is often preferred for typing text, such as when texting someone. Some prefer to use fingers instead of thumbs. People also use their devices in different orientations depending on the application they are using.
The different ways people use their devices may make using a pressure-sensitive touch screen somewhat difficult for some users. What a user intends to be a light touch could be interpreted as a medium touch. The orientation of the device comes into play, because a user holding a phone in portrait orientation in her right hand would likely produce different amounts of pressure depending on the location on the screen being touched. Thus, the user holding the phone in her right hand might touch an item close to the right edge with much less force than when touching an item in the middle or on the left edge of the screen. This is due to the anatomical features of a person's hands. Thus, a user may touch an item on the right side of the screen intending a medium touch, but the device recognizes the touch as a light touch, which is not what the user intended.
SUMMARY
An electronic device includes a pressure-sensitive touch screen display that can dynamically monitor a user's interaction with the device, and adjust the pressure thresholds of different areas of the touch screen display based on the user's monitored interactions. The orientation of the device is determined, the touch screen display is divided into sections, and the device monitors the pressure the user applies in the different sections of the screen. A pressure map is then created that includes pressure detection thresholds specific to the orientation and user. One or more preferred regions of the screen are defined based on the pressure map. When a pressure-sensitive input is located in a less preferred screen region, the pressure-sensitive input may be relocated to a preferred screen region, or may be enlarged while remaining in the less preferred screen region to allow the user to more easily press on the pressure-sensitive input.
The foregoing and other features and advantages will be apparent from the following more particular description, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)
The disclosure will be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device that includes a pressure-sensitive touch screen display;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for detecting a user's actions on a pressure-sensitive touch screen display;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for creating a pressure map of a pressure-sensitive touch screen display based on a user's use of the phone in a calibration mode;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a device in landscape orientation with the touch screen display divided into multiple sections;
FIG. 5 is flow diagram of a method for creating or updating a pressure map of a pressure-sensitive touch screen display based on monitored user interaction with the pressure-sensitive touch screen display;
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a method for using pressure detection thresholds in the pressure map for one or more regions of the touch screen display when a pressure-sensitive input on the touch screen display is selected by the user;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method for creating different pressure detection thresholds based on contact area;
FIG. 8 is a table showing examples of pressure detection thresholds that can vary depending on the detected contact area on the touch screen display;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method for defining one or more preferred screen regions for pressure-sensitive inputs;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a device in landscape orientation with the touch screen display having two preferred screen regions for pressure-sensitive inputs;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a device in portrait orientation with the touch screen display having one preferred screen region for pressure-sensitive inputs;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a pressure map with one or more preferred regions and one or more less preferred regions;
FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of a method for displaying pressure-sensitive inputs in one or more preferred screen regions;
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a method for relocating pressure-sensitive inputs to preferred screen region(s);
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a device in portrait orientation with an icon in a less preferred screen region;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the device in FIG. 15 after relocating the icon to be inside the preferred screen region;
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of a method for enlarging pressure-sensitive inputs when displayed in less preferred screen region(s);
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a device in portrait orientation with an icon displayed in a less preferred screen region; and
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the device in FIG. 18 after enlarging the icon in the less preferred screen region.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The disclosure and claims herein relate to an electronic device that includes a pressure-sensitive touch screen display that can dynamically monitor a user's interaction with the device, and adjust the pressure thresholds of different areas of the touch screen display based on the user's monitored interactions. The orientation of the device is determined, the touch screen display is divided into sections, and the device monitors the pressure the user applies in the different sections of the screen. A pressure map is then created that includes pressure detection thresholds specific to the orientation and user. One or more preferred regions of the screen are defined based on the pressure map. When a pressure-sensitive input is located in a less preferred screen region, the pressure-sensitive input may be relocated to a preferred screen region, or may be enlarged while remaining in the less preferred screen region to allow the user to more easily press on the pressure-sensitive input.
Referring to FIG. 1, a device 100 represents any suitable type of electronic device, including without limitation a smart phone, tablet computer, electronic book reader, notebook computer, laptop computer, gaming console, smart watch, etc. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure herein applies equally to any type of electronic device. As shown in FIG. 1, a device 100 comprises one or more processors 110, a main memory 120, an external storage interface 130, a network interface 150, and a touch screen display 180. These system components are interconnected through the use of a system bus 160. External storage interface 130 is used to access external memory. One specific type of external memory 155 is non-volatile memory on an external device, such as an SD card, a micro-SD card, or a thumb drive.
Main memory 120 preferably contains data 121, an operating system 122, an orientation mechanism 123, and a pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124. Data 121 represents any data that serves as input to or output from any program in device 100. Operating system 122 could be any suitable operating system for an electronic device. Known operating systems for electronic devices include the iOS operating system developed by Apple, Inc., the Android operating system developed by Google, and the Windows operating system developed by Microsoft.
The orientation mechanism 123 allows the device 100 to determine its physical orientation in space. Known devices include one or more accelerometers that communicate with an orientation mechanism 123 and thus allow determining the device's physical orientation in space, meaning both physical location and angle or direction of the device at that physical location. One such use of a device's orientation mechanism 123 is to rotate the screen when the orientation of the screen is moved by a user from portrait to landscape position, and vice versa. Orientation mechanism 123 is well-known in the art of electronic devices, and therefore is not discussed in more detail here.
Touch screen display 180 is a display that allows the user to select functions on the device 100 by touching displayed items on the touch screen display 180. The touch screen display 180 includes a pressure-sensitive interface 182. The pressure-sensitive interface 182 allows the touch screen display 180 to detect multiple pressure levels for a user selection on the touch screen. Any suitable number of pressure levels could be detected by the pressure-sensitive interface 182. In one suitable example, the pressure-sensitive interface 182 can distinguish between three different pressure levels, denoted herein as a light touch, a medium touch, and a heavy touch. Of course, any suitable number of pressure levels could be detected by the pressure-sensitive interface 182 within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein.
The pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 is software that interacts with the pressure-sensitive interface 182 on the touch screen display 180 to detect the pressure applied to the pressure-sensitive interface, and what actions to perform based on the detected pressure. The pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 includes a pressure detection mechanism 125, a calibration mechanism 126, a usage monitor mechanism 127, and a pressure mapping mechanism 128. The pressure detection mechanism 125 interacts with the pressure-sensitive interface 182 to determine the pressure applied when a user selects an item displayed on the touch screen display 180. The calibration mechanism 126 is an optional mechanism that allows calibrating the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 for a particular user. The usage monitor mechanism 127 monitors how a user uses the device 100, and allows the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 125 to dynamically make changes based on the monitored usage. The pressure mapping mechanism 128 creates one or more pressure maps 129 that include multiple pressure thresholds for different sections or regions of the touch screen display 180, as described in more detail below. In addition, each pressure map may define one or more preferred screen regions and one or more less preferred screen regions.
Main memory 120 may include any suitable combination of different memory types. For example, main memory 120 could include dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that has a relatively small size and a fast access time and could also include non-volatile memory (NVRAM) that has a much larger size and a slower access time. Programs stored in NVRAM could then be loaded into the DRAM in order to be executed by the processor 110. This simple example shows the main memory 120 can include any suitable number and type of memories in any suitable hierarchy, whether currently known or developed in the future.
Processor 110 may be constructed from one or more microprocessors and/or integrated circuits. Processor 110 executes program instructions stored in main memory 120. Main memory 120 stores programs and data that processor 110 may access. When computer system 100 starts up, processor 110 initially executes the program instructions that make up operating system 122. Processor 110 also executes the orientation mechanism 123 and pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 under the control of the operating system 122.
Although device 100 is shown to contain only a single processor and a single system bus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a pressure-sensitive interface mechanism may be practiced using a device that has multiple processors and/or multiple buses. In addition, the interfaces that are used preferably each include separate, fully programmed microprocessors that are used to off-load compute-intensive processing from processor 110. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these functions may be performed using I/O adapters as well.
Network interface 150 is used to connect device 100 to a network 170. Network interface 150 broadly represents any suitable way to interconnect electronic devices, such as device 100, to other devices 175, regardless of whether the network 170 comprises present-day analog and/or digital techniques or via some networking mechanism of the future. Network interface 150 preferably includes a combination of hardware and software that allow communicating on the network 170. The network interface 150 can include multiple different network interfaces. For example, network interface 150 could include a wireless interface for communicating with a 4G network, a WiFi interface for communicating with a WiFi network, and a Bluetooth interface for communicating with other devices via Bluetooth. Many different network protocols can be used to implement a network. These protocols are specialized computer programs that allow computers to communicate across a network. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is an example of a suitable network protocol that may be used by the communication manager within the network interface 150.
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Referring to FIG. 2, a method 200 is representative of the function of the 3D Touch interface by Apple, Inc. Method 200 assumes a touch screen with pressure-sensitive interface is part of the device. Actions corresponding to multiple pressure levels are defined (step 210). A pressure level for each action is detected (step 220), and an action corresponding to a detected pressure level is performed (step 230). Note that method 200 defines actions that correspond to multiple pressure levels in step 210, but each of these multiple pressure levels is the same across the entire touch screen display. Thus, a light touch is defined by the touch screen display as being a touch anywhere on the touch screen display that is less than a first pressure detection threshold. A medium touch is defined as being a touch anywhere on the touch screen display that is greater than the first pressure detection threshold but less than a second pressure detection threshold. A heavy touch is defined as being a touch anywhere on the touch screen display that is greater than the second pressure detection threshold. The pressure detection thresholds are thus the same across the entire surface of the touch screen display. As discussed in the Background section above, a user may apply different pressures to different portions of the screen based on the orientation of the device and whether the user uses a stylus, finger or thumb to select an item on the touch screen display. Thus, a user may have to concentrate on applying the correct amount of pressure in different regions of the screen.
The disclosure and claims herein reduce the issues that arise from users applying different pressures to different areas of a touch screen display while intending to apply similar pressure. Referring to FIG. 3, a method 300 is preferably performed by the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 shown in FIG. 1. Method 300 begins by entering a calibration mode (step 310). The calibration mode, represented by steps 320-390 in FIG. 3, are preferably performed under control of the calibration mechanism 126 shown in FIG. 1. The user is prompted to put the device in a specified orientation (step 320). Examples of specified orientation include portrait mode where the longest portion of the device is running up and down, and landscape mode where the longest portion of the device is running side to side. Of course, other orientations are also possible, such as any suitable position between portrait mode and landscape mode. In addition, the orientations may include the angle at which the user holds the device. In the most preferred implementation, when the user is prompted in step 320 to place the device in portrait orientation, for example, the user will hold the device in portrait orientation at the angle the user prefers. Note that once the user is prompted to put the device in a specified orientation, method 300 then proceeds to step 330 once the orientation mechanism 123 in FIG. 1 detects the device is in the specified orientation.
With the device in the specified orientation, the screen on the touch screen display is then divided into sections (step 330). Any suitable geometrical shape of sections could be used, including squares, triangles, rectangles, polygons, etc. In the most preferred implementation, the screen is divided up into a grid of square or rectangular sections in step 330. A section is selected (step 340). A test icon is displayed in the selected section (step 350). The user is then prompted to apply a specified pressure level to the displayed test icon (step 360). Examples of specified pressure levels could include light, medium and heavy. However, the disclosure and claims herein extend to any suitable number of pressure levels. The user then applies the specified pressure level to the test icon, and the pressure is detected and logged (step 370) by the pressure detection mechanism 125 shown in FIG. 1. When there are more sections or pressures to test (step 380=YES), method 300 loops back to step 340 and continues. In the example where there are three different pressure levels, light, medium and heavy, a section will be selected in step 340, the user is prompted to apply light pressure to the displayed test icon in step 360, the pressure is detected and logged in step 370, then method 300 loops back and repeats steps 340-380 while prompting the user to apply medium pressure, then method 300 loops back and repeats steps 340-380 while prompting the user to apply heavy pressure. Method 300 then loops back and selects the next section to test, and repeats the three-pass process to log the three pressure levels for the next section, and so on. In the most preferred implementation, the calibration mode logs all defined pressure levels for all sections of the touch screen display during the calibration mode. Note, however, that less than all the defined pressures in less than all the defined sections could also be tested and logged in calibration mode. When there are no more sections or pressures to test (step 380=NO), a pressure map is created that maps each section of the screen with corresponding pressure detection thresholds based on the logged pressure data (step 390). The creation of the pressure map in step 390 is preferably performed by the pressure mapping mechanism 128 creating one or more pressure maps 129 shown in FIG. 1. Method 300 is then done.
The steps in method 300 in FIG. 3 could be repeated for each orientation of the device. This would result in multiple sections of the touch screen display that have a first set of pressure thresholds in one orientation, and a second set of pressure thresholds in a different orientation. Of course, the number and shape of the sections could vary between the different variations. Thus, a landscape orientation as shown in FIG. 4 could have a grid of squares as shown, while a portrait orientation could have an array of much larger hexagons. Any suitable combination of orientations, section size, and section shape may be used within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein.
FIG. 4 shows one suitable example of an electronic device 100 with a touch screen display 180 that is divided into sections, as discussed in step 330 in FIG. 3. Each section is represented by a square in the grid shown in FIG. 4. In the most preferred implementation, each section of the touch screen display could have its own pressure detection thresholds. However, it is equally within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein to have multiple sections of the touch screen display share common pressure detection thresholds. In addition, the shape and number of sections may vary within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein.
Referring to FIG. 5, a method 500 is preferably performed once the user is using the device day to day. The orientation of the device is detected (step 510). The screen is divided into sections (step 520). The user interaction with the screen is monitored (step 530). Monitoring the user interaction with the screen is preferably performed by the usage monitor mechanism 127 shown in FIG. 1. Next, detect when the pressure detection was incorrect (step 540). For example, when the user selects a pressure-sensitive item, then goes back or selects the item again with a different pressure, this is an indication the pressure detection was incorrect in the first instance. A pressure map is then created where each section of the screen is mapped with corresponding pressure detection thresholds (step 550). The pressure map is preferably created by the pressure mapping mechanism 128 shown in FIG. 1.
In a first preferred implementation, method 500 in FIG. 5 is performed after the calibration in method 300 in FIG. 3 is performed. In this case, the screen sections in step 520 will correspond to the screen sections defined in step 330. In other words, the calibration method 300 shown in FIG. 3 can initially define multiple pressure detection thresholds for multiple screen sections, then method 500 can continuously monitor the user's usage of the device and dynamically update any of the pressure detection thresholds for any of the screen sections, as needed.
In a second preferred implementation, method 500 in FIG. 5 is performed without performing the calibration in method 300 in FIG. 3. When this is the case, we assume each of the screen sections have the same multiple pressure detection thresholds to start. Then as the user's usage is monitored in method 500, one or more of these pressure detection thresholds is adjusted to better match the user's usage of the device.
Once one or more pressure maps are created, either in step 390 in FIG. 3 and/or in step 550 in FIG. 5, the user's actions on the touch screen display may then be interpreted according to the pressure map(s). Referring to FIG. 6, a method 600 is preferably performed by the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 shown in FIG. 1. The orientation of the device is determined (step 610). The pressure by a user on a pressure-sensitive input displayed on the touch screen display is then detected (step 620). From the pressure map for the detected orientation, pressure detection thresholds for one or more regions where the pressure-sensitive input was selected are determined (step 630). Note the term “region” as used herein may include one or more sections of the touch screen display. For example, an icon selected by the user could span multiple sections of the touch screen display, which together comprise the region of the touch screen display touched by the user. The detected pressure is then compared to the pressure detection thresholds for the region(s) where the pressure-sensitive input was selected (step 640). Action is then taken based on the detected pressure and the applicable pressure detection thresholds (step 650). A simple example will illustrate. We assume the device is in a portrait orientation, which is detected in step 610. An icon is displayed on the touch screen display that is contained within a single section of the screen, which we arbitrarily name S5. Step 620 detects the pressure the user uses when the user touches the icon in section S5. Next, the pressure map for the portrait orientation is consulted in step 630 to determine the appropriate pressure detection thresholds for section S5 of the touch screen display. For this example, we assume a light touch is defined as a pressure less than P1, a medium touch is defined as a pressure between P1 and P2, and a heavy touch is defined as a pressure greater than P2. We now compare the detected pressure to these three pressure detection thresholds P1, P2 and P3 for section S5. For this simple example, we assume the detected pressure is between P1 and P2 in step 640, which corresponds to a medium touch. Action is then taken in step 650 based on the medium touch by the user. Note the example above is extremely simplified for the purpose of illustration. However, one skilled in the art will recognize that many different examples and variations are possible within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein.
In addition to detecting when a user selects a pressure-sensitive input on the touch screen display, it is also possible to detect how the user selected the pressure-sensitive input based on the contact area on the touch screen display. Referring to FIG. 7, method 700 is preferably performed by the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 shown in FIG. 1. The contact area and applied pressure of a user selection is determined (step 710). Each section of the screen can then be mapped with corresponding pressure detection thresholds corresponding to the contact area (step 720). Method 700 is then done.
One specific example to illustrate the principles in method 700 is shown in the table in FIG. 8. We assume a small contact area corresponds to when the user uses a stylus; a medium contact area corresponds to when the user uses a finger; and a large contact area corresponds to when the user uses a thumb. With these three different contact areas, it is now possible to define a pressure map that includes pressure detection thresholds for each of these contact areas. For the simple example shown in FIG. 8, we assume Section 1-1 defines a lower threshold Pressure A, a medium threshold Pressure B, and an upper threshold Pressure C. The values of these thresholds can vary according to contact area. Thus, Pressure A for Section 1-1 in FIG. 8 is P1 for the small contact area, P1′ for the medium contact area, and P1′′ for the large contact area. In similar fashion, Pressures B and C for Section 1-1 each have corresponding pressures for the three different contact areas. Similarly, nine separate pressure detection thresholds could be defined for each of the other sections on the touch screen display as a function of contact area. The result is a pressure map that has a finer granularity due to taking contact area into account. Thus, the pressure a user applies using a stylus can be different than the pressure the user applies using a thumb while still providing the same functionality according to the user's usage of the device and the detected contact area.
Once a pressure map is defined, it is possible to determine one or more preferred screen regions for displaying pressure-sensitive inputs. Referring to FIG. 9, a method 900 begins by selecting an orientation (step 910), then for the selected orientation, defining from the pressure map one or more preferred screen regions for pressure-sensitive inputs (step 920). When there are more orientations (step 930=YES), method 900 loops back to step 910 and continues until there are no more orientations (step 930=NO). Method 900 is then done.
FIG. 10 shows an example of device 100 in landscape orientation with a touch screen display 180 that includes two preferred screen regions, as shown by the shaded screen sections in FIG. 10. We assume for this example all screen sections that are not shaded are in the less preferred screen region. FIG. 11 shows an example of device 100 that includes one preferred screen region in portrait orientation, as shown by the shaded screen sections in FIG. 11. We assume for this example all screen sections that are not shaded are in the less preferred screen region.
FIG. 12 shows one suitable example of a pressure map 1200 that is one suitable implementation for the pressure map 129 shown in FIG. 1. Pressure map 1200 includes a location/pressure map 1210 that correlates screen sections to corresponding pressure thresholds, as discussed in detail above. Pressure map 1200 further defines one or more preferred regions 1220, and one or more less preferred regions 1230. The preferred region(s) 1220 and less preferred region(s) 1230 are preferably defined to include one or more screen sections. Thus, as shown in FIG. 10, the two shaded preferred regions are each made up of nine screen sections. As shown in FIG. 11, the shaded preferred region is made up of sixteen screen sections. With preferred regions 1220 and less preferred regions 1230 defined, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism can perform functions depending on whether a pressure-sensitive input is located within the preferred region(s) 1220 or within the less preferred region(s) 1230, as discussed in more detail below.
Referring to FIG. 13, a method 1300 begins by detecting orientation of the device (step 1310). Pressure-sensitive inputs are displayed in the preferred screen region(s) for the detected orientation (step 1320). A specific example for method 1300 is method 1400 shown in FIG. 14. The orientation of the device is detected (step 1410). The desired location for pressure-sensitive inputs is then received from software that desires to display on the touch screen display. The software can be any suitable software, including operating system software, middleware, or application software, including games. When the desired location is in one or more less preferred screen regions (step 1430=YES), the pressure-sensitive inputs in the less preferred screen region(s) are relocated to preferred screen regions (step 1440). When the desired location for the pressure-sensitive inputs are in the preferred screen regions (step 1430=NO), no relocation is needed, and method 1400 is done. Method 1400 allows relocating pressure-sensitive inputs from a less preferred screen region to a preferred screen region, thereby enhancing the ability of the user to apply the proper pressure to the pressure-sensitive inputs.
An example of method 1400 in FIG. 14 is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. We assume software has a desired location for icon 1510 that is outside the shaded preferred screen region, as shown in FIG. 15. In response, the icon 1510 is relocated to be within the shaded preferred screen region, as shown in FIG. 16. Note the icon 1510 shown in FIG. 15 is not actually displayed to the user, but its desired location is represented in FIG. 15 to illustrate the relocation of the icon from the desired location in the less preferred region indicated by the software and shown in FIG. 15 to a different location in FIG. 16 that is within the preferred screen region and that is displayed to the user.
Referring to FIG. 17, a method 1700 provides an alternative to relocating a pressure-sensitive input when located in a less preferred screen region. The orientation of the device is detected (step 1710). The desired location for the pressure-sensitive inputs on the touch screen display are received (step 1720), preferably from software. When the desired location is in one or more of the less preferred screen regions (step 1730=YES), the pressure-sensitive inputs in the less preferred screen regions are enlarged (step 1740) to make them larger, and therefore easier to apply the required pressure to. When the desired location is in the preferred screen region(s) (step 1730=NO), no adjustment to the size or location of the pressure-sensitive input is needed. Method 1700 is then done.
An example of method 1700 in FIG. 17 is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. We assume software has a desired location for icon 1510 that is outside the shaded preferred screen region, as shown in FIG. 18. In response, the icon 1510 is enlarged in the less preferred screen region, as shown at 1910 in FIG. 19. Note the icon 1510 shown in FIG. 18 is not actually displayed to the user, but its desired location is represented in FIG. 15 to illustrate the enlargement of the icon in the desired location in the less preferred region as shown in FIG. 19.
The examples discussed above assume a pressure-sensitive input is either inside the preferred region(s), or outside the preferred region(s) in the less preferred region(s). Note, however, the principles above can be applied when pressure-sensitive inputs are partially within a preferred region and partially within a less preferred region. For example, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 could deem that any pressure-sensitive input that is partially within a less preferred region needs to be moved to be completely within the preferred region(s). In another example, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism 124 could function according to specified thresholds, such as a percentage. Thus, a pressure-sensitive input that is more than 20% within the less preferred region(s) could be relocated to be completely within the preferred regions, or could be relocated to be at least 90% within the preferred region(s). One skilled in the art will appreciate the disclosure and claims herein extend to any suitable threshold, algorithm or heuristic for determining when a pressure-sensitive input needs to be relocated or enlarged.
An electronic device includes a pressure-sensitive touch screen display that can dynamically monitor a user's interaction with the device, and adjust the pressure thresholds of different areas of the touch screen display based on the user's monitored interactions. The orientation of the device is determined, the touch screen display is divided into sections, and the device monitors the pressure the user applies in the different sections of the screen. A pressure map is then created that includes pressure detection thresholds specific to the orientation and user. One or more preferred regions of the screen are defined based on the pressure map. When a pressure-sensitive input is located in a less preferred screen region, the pressure-sensitive input may be relocated to a preferred screen region, or may be enlarged while remaining in the less preferred screen region to allow the user to more easily press on the pressure-sensitive input.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations are possible within the scope of the claims. Thus, while the disclosure is particularly shown and described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

## Claims

1. An electronic device comprising:
at least one processor;
a memory coupled to the at least one processor;
a touch screen display coupled to the at least one processor, the touch screen display comprising a pressure-sensitive interface that is capable of detecting a plurality of pressures when a user touches a displayed item on the touch screen display and interpreting each of the plurality of pressures as a different action with respect to the displayed item;
a pressure map of the touch screen display that defines a plurality of pressure thresholds for each of a plurality of sections of the touch screen display, wherein a first pressure threshold for a first of the plurality of sections corresponds to a first action when the user touches the displayed item in the first section with a first pressure, and a second pressure threshold for the first section corresponds to a second action when the user touches the displayed item in the first section with a second pressure; and
a pressure-sensitive interface mechanism residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism monitoring user interaction with the touch screen display, and updating at least one of the plurality of pressure thresholds in the pressure map based on the user interaction with the touch screen display.

2. The electronic device of claim 1 further comprising:
an orientation mechanism that determines physical orientation of the electronic device, wherein the pressure map is for a first orientation defined by the orientation mechanism, wherein the pressure map comprises the first plurality of pressure thresholds for the plurality of sections of the touch screen display in the first orientation.

3. An electronic device comprising:
at least one processor;
a memory coupled to the at least one processor;
a touch screen display coupled to the at least one processor, the touch screen display comprising a pressure-sensitive interface that is capable of detecting a plurality of pressures when a user touches a displayed item on the touch screen display and interpreting each of the plurality of pressures as a different action with respect to the displayed item; and
a pressure-sensitive interface mechanism residing in the memory and executed by the at least one processor, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism performing a calibration of the touch screen display by:
(a) prompting the user to put the electronic device in a first orientation;
(b) dividing the touch screen display into the plurality of sections;
(c) selecting one of the plurality of sections;
(d) displaying a test icon in the selected one section;
(e) prompting the user to apply a specified pressure level to the displayed test icon;
(f) detecting and logging the pressure applied by the user to the displayed test icon;
(g) repeating steps (c) through (f) for each of the plurality of pressure thresholds in each of the plurality of sections; and
(h) constructing a pressure map for the first orientation using the data detected and logged in step (f).

4. The electronic device of claim 3 further comprising:
an orientation mechanism that determines physical orientation of the electronic device, wherein the pressure map is for the first orientation determined by the orientation mechanism, wherein the pressure map comprises a plurality of pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections of the touch screen display in the first orientation.

5. A method for a user to interact with an electronic device comprising:
providing a touch screen display on the electronic device that comprises a pressure-sensitive interface that is capable of detecting a plurality of pressures when a user selects a displayed item on the touch screen display and interpreting each of the plurality of pressures as a different action with respect to the displayed item;
providing a pressure map of the touch screen display that defines a plurality of pressure thresholds for each of a plurality of sections of the touch screen display, wherein a first pressure threshold for a first of the plurality of sections corresponds to a first action when the user touches the displayed item in the first section with a first pressure, and a second pressure threshold for the first section corresponds to a second action when the user touches the displayed item in the first section with a second pressure;
monitoring user interaction with the touch screen display; and
updating at least one of the plurality of pressure thresholds in the pressure map based on the user interaction with the touch screen display.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
determining physical orientation of the electronic device;
wherein the pressure map is for a first orientation of the electronic device, wherein the pressure map comprises the first plurality of pressure thresholds for the plurality of sections of the touch screen display in the first orientation.

7. A method for a user to interact with an electronic device comprising:
providing a touch screen display on the electronic device that comprises a pressure-sensitive interface that is capable of detecting a plurality of pressures when a user selects a displayed item on the touch screen display and interpreting each of the plurality of pressures as a different action with respect to the displayed item; and
performing a calibration of the touch screen display by:
(a) prompting the user to put the electronic device in a first orientation;
(b) dividing the touch screen display into the plurality of sections;
(c) selecting one of the plurality of sections;
(d) displaying a test icon in the selected one section;
(e) prompting the user to apply a specified pressure level to the displayed test icon;
(f) detecting and logging the pressure applied by the user to the displayed test icon;
(g) repeating steps (c) through (f) for each of the plurality of pressure thresholds in each of the plurality of sections; and
(h) constructing a pressure map for the first orientation using the data detected and logged in step (f).

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
determining physical orientation of the electronic device;
wherein the pressure map is for the first orientation determined by the orientation mechanism, wherein the pressure map comprises a plurality of pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections of the touch screen display in the first orientation.

9. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein the monitoring user interaction with the touch screen display by the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism comprises detecting when pressure detection was incorrect based on the user interaction with the touch screen display.

10. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism performs a calibration of the touch screen display by:
(a) prompting the user to put the electronic device in a first orientation;
(b) dividing the touch screen display into the plurality of sections;
(c) selecting one of the plurality of sections;
(d) displaying a test icon in the selected one section;
(e) prompting the user to apply a specified pressure level to the displayed test icon;
(f) detecting and logging the pressure applied by the user to the displayed test icon;
(g) repeating steps (c) through (f) for each of the plurality of pressure thresholds in each of the plurality of sections; and
(h) constructing a pressure map for the first orientation using the data detected and logged in step (f).

11. The electronic device of claim 10 wherein the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism prompts the user to put the electronic device in a second orientation, performs steps (b) through (g), and constructs a pressure map for the second orientation using the data detected and logged during step (f) in the second orientation.

12. The electronic device of claim 10 further comprising a plurality of pressure maps, wherein the plurality of pressure maps comprises:
a first pressure map that defines for the first orientation of the electronic device pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a stylus;
a second pressure map that defines for a second orientation of the electronic device pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a stylus;
a third pressure map that defines for the first orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a finger; and
a fourth pressure map that defines for the second orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a finger.

13. The electronic device of claim 12 wherein the plurality of pressure maps further comprises:
a fifth pressure map that defines for the first orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a thumb; and
a sixth pressure map that defines for the second orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a thumb.

14. The electronic device of claim 13 wherein the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism detects when the user uses the stylus, finger or thumb based on detecting contact area with the touch screen display, and uses one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pressure maps that corresponds to the detected stylus, finger or thumb and the detected orientation of the electronic device.

15. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein the pressure map defines a preferred region of the touch screen display for display of pressure-sensitive inputs and a less preferred region of the touch screen display for display of the pressure-sensitive inputs, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism determining when a first pressure-sensitive input is located in the less preferred region of the touch screen display, and in response, the pressure-sensitive interface mechanism relocates the first pressure-sensitive input from the less preferred region of the touch screen display to the preferred region of the touch screen display.

16. The electronic device of claim 3 wherein the pressure map for the first orientation comprises:
for each of the plurality of sections, a plurality of pressure thresholds corresponding to a plurality of actions.

17. The method of claim 5 wherein the monitoring user interaction with the touch screen display comprises detecting when pressure detection was incorrect based on the user interaction with the touch screen display.

18. The method of claim 5 further comprising performing a calibration of the touch screen display by:
(a) prompting the user to put the electronic device in a first orientation;
(b) dividing the touch screen display into the plurality of sections;
(c) selecting one of the plurality of sections;
(d) displaying a test icon in the selected one section;
(e) prompting the user to apply a specified pressure level to the displayed test icon;
(f) detecting and logging the pressure applied by the user to the displayed test icon;
(g) repeating steps (c) through (f) for each of the plurality of pressure thresholds in each of the plurality of sections; and
(h) constructing a pressure map for the first orientation using the data detected and logged in step (f).

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising prompting the user to put the electronic device in a second orientation, performing steps (b) through (g), and constructing a pressure map for the second orientation using the data detected and logged during step (f) in the second orientation.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein the calibration of the touch screen display creates a plurality of pressure maps, wherein the plurality of pressure maps comprises:
a first pressure map that defines for the first orientation of the electronic device pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a stylus;
a second pressure map that defines for a second orientation of the electronic device pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a stylus;
a third pressure map that defines for the first orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a finger; and
a fourth pressure map that defines for the second orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a finger.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the plurality of pressure maps further comprises:
a fifth pressure map that defines for the first orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a thumb; and
a sixth pressure map that defines for the second orientation pressure thresholds for each of the plurality of sections when the user uses a thumb.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising detecting when the user uses the stylus, finger or thumb based on detecting contact area with the touch screen display, and using one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pressure maps that corresponds to the detected stylus, finger or thumb and the detected orientation of the electronic device.

23. The method of claim 5 wherein the pressure map defines a preferred region of the touch screen display for display of pressure-sensitive inputs and a less preferred region of the touch screen display for display of the pressure-sensitive inputs, the method further comprising:
determining when a first pressure-sensitive input is located in the less preferred region of the touch screen display; and
in response, relocating the first pressure-sensitive input from the less preferred region of the touch screen display to the preferred region of the touch screen display.

24. The method of claim 7 wherein the pressure map for the first orientation comprises:
for each of the plurality of sections, a plurality of pressure thresholds corresponding to a plurality of actions.