Ground-Water Quality in the

Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana

and Northeastern Illinois, June 1993

By RICHARD F. DUWELIUS, ROBERT T. KAY, 

and SCOTT T. PRINOS

Prepared in cooperation with the

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4244

Indianapolis, Indiana

Urbana, Illinois

1996
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Gordon P. Eaton, Director

For additional information, write to:

District Chief District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey U.£}. Geological Survey

Water Resources Division WaW Resources Division

5957 Lakeside Boulevard 221 N. Broadway Avenue

Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996 Urbjana, IL 61801

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey 

Branch of Information Services

Box 25286 

Denver, CO 80225^286
CONTENTS

Abstract .................................................................................. I

Introduction ............................................................................... 1

Purpose and Scope .................................................................. 2

Acknowledgments .................................................................... 2

Description of Calumet Region ................................................................ 3

Physiography and Climate ............................................................... 3

Geology.............................................................................. 3

Hydrology............................................................................ 5

Methods of Study........................................................................... 8

Sample Collection and Analysis........................................................... 8

Quality Assurance. ..................................................................... 10

Onsite Procedures................................................................ 10

Laboratory Procedures............................................................ 14

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Quality-Assurance Review......................... 14

Ground-Water Quality....................................................................... 15

Onsite Measurements ................................................................... 15

Water Temperature. .............................................................. 17

pH ........................................................................... 17

Oxidation-Reduction Potential ..................................................... 18

Dissolved Oxygen ............................................................... 18

Specific Conductance ............................................................ 19

Laboratory Analyses.................................................................... 19

Water-Quality Properties and Common Ions........................................... 19

Acidity and Alkalinity....................................................... 27

Ammonia Nitrogen ....................................................... . 27

Calcium.................................................................. 30

Chloride.................................................................. 30

Dissolved Solids ........................................................ . . 30

Iron .................................................................... 31

Magnesium .............................................................. 31

Manganese ............................................................... 31

Potassium ................................................................ 32

Silica .................................................................... 32

Sodium .................................................................. 32

Sulfate................................................................... 33

Suspended Solids. .......................................................... 33

Total Organic Carbon ....................................................... 33

Trace Elements and Cyanide ....................................................... 34

Aluminum................................................................ 37

Antimony................................................................. 37

Arsenic .................................................................. 37

Barium. .................................................................. 37

Contents iii
CONTENTS-Continued

Beryllium ................................................................ 38

Cadmium. ................................................................ 38

Chromium ............................................................... 38

Cobalt ................................................................... 38

Copper................................................................... 39

Cyanide.................................................................. 39

Lead..................................................................... 39

Mercury.................................................................. 39

Nickel ................................................................... 40

Selenium................................................................. 40

Silver. ................................................................... 41

Thallium ................................................................. 41

Vanadium ................................................................ 41

Zinc..................................................................... 41

Volatile Organic Compounds ...................................................... 42

Semivolatile Organic Compounds................................................... 47

Compounds Containing Pesticides or Polychlorinated Biphenyls .......................... 53

Comparisons of Ground-Water Quality in the Study Area ...................................... 55

Summary................................................................................. 62

References Cited ........................................................................... 64

Appendix 1: Selected Characteristics of Wells ................................................... 67

Appendix 2: Quality-Assurance Data........................................................... 73

Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data .............................................................. 101

FIGURES

1-3. Maps showing:

1. Calumet Region in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois ......................... 4

2. Generalized surficial geology and locations of wells sampled in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................................................... 6

3. Specific conductance of water from shallow wells in the Calumet Region, Indiana and

Illinois, June 1993 ............................................................... 20

4-7. Graphs showing:

4. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in the Calumet aquifer in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................. r .................................. 22

5. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in the confining unit in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ..................................................... 23

6. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in confine)d-sand aquifers in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................. \.................................. 25

7. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in the Sihirian-Devonian aquifer in the Calumet

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .............................................. 26

iv Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
CONTENTS-Continued

FIGURES-CONTINUED

8-12. Maps showing:

8. Distribution of trace elements in ground water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois,

June 1993...................................................................... 36

9. Distribution of target volatile organic compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ..................................................... 44

10. Distribution of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ..................................................... 49

11. Distribution of pesticide compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois,

June 1993...................................................................... 54

12. Locations of wells in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, producing water in which

Maximum Contaminant Levels were exceeded in June 1993............................. 60

TABLES

1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .......................................................... 68

2. Sample container, preparation, and preservation requirements for ground-water samples collected

in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ....................................... 10

3. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in sampling-device blanks collected

in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ....................................... 74

4. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ................................................... 75

5. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks and trip blanks

collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ............................... 76

6. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks collected in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ............................................ 79

7. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in sampling-device

blanks collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993. ......................... 82

8. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in duplicate samples collected in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ............................................ 84

9. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region,

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .......................................................... 86

10. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ................................................... 88

11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ............................................ 91

12. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in duplicate

samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ........................ 97

13. Statistical summary of relative percent differences for analytes detected in both the sample and the

duplicate sample ..................................................................... 13

Contents v
CONTENTS-Continued

TABLES-CONTINUED

14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993......... f ................................... 102

15. Statistical summary of onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993............................................. 16

16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in

the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.......................................... 107

17. Statistical summary of water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water

samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ......................... 28

18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................................................... 112

19. Maximum Contaminant Levels and Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels for selected trace 

elements and cyanide and summary of detections in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet 

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................................................... 35

20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993......... t ................................... 122

21. Concentrations of tentatively identified volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples

collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ................................ 137

22. Maximum Contaminant Levels for volatile organic compounds and summary of detections in groundwater samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .................... 43

23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in

the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .......................................... 141

24. Concentrations of tentatively identified semivolatile organic compounds and molecular sulfur in

ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .............. 166

25. Maximum Contaminant Levels for semivolatile organic compounds and summary of detections in

ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 .............. 48

26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water

samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ......................... 170

27. Maximum Contaminant Levels for compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls 

and summary of detections in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and 

Illinois, June 1993..................................................................... 56

28. Statistical summary of water quality for 10 shallow wells in Porter County selected to represent

natural ground-water quality in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 ................ 58

vi Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply By To obtain

foot (ft)

inch (in.)

acre

square mile (mi )

quart

gallon (gal)

0.3048

25.4

4,047

2.590

1.057

3.785

meter

millimeter

square meter

square kilometer

liter

liter

Degree Celsius (°C) can be converted to degree Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following equation:

F°=(1.8C°) + 32

Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given 

in metric units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (ng/L). 

Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight (milligrams) 

of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter.

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) 

a geodetic datum derived from general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, 

formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

The following abbreviations are used hi this report:

CLP

DO

Eh 

MCL

mv 

PCB

pH

p,p'-DDE

PTFE

RPD

SC

SMCL

SVOC

TOC

USEPA

USGS

voc

mg/L

U£/L

|uS/cm

Contract Laboratory Program

dissolved oxygen

oxidation-reduction potential

Maximum Contaminant Level

millivolt

polychlorinated biphenyl

negative log base-10 of the hydrogen ion activity,

in moles per liter 

dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane 

dichlorodiphenylethane 

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 

polytetrafluoroethylene 

relative percent difference 

specific conductance

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level 

semivolatile organic compound 

total organic carbon

United States Environmental Protection Agency 

United States Geological Survey 

volatile organic compound

milligram per liter (equal to one part per million) 

microgram per liter (equal to one part per billion) 

microsiemens per centimeter at 25° Celsius

Contents vii
Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region 

of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois, 

June 1993

By Richard F. Duwelius, Robert T. Kay, and Scott T. Prinos

ABSTRACT

Water samples were collected from 128 

wells in a large industrial and urban area in 

northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois 

during June 1993. Samples were collected 

from wells completed in one of four geohydrologic units: a surficial sand aquifer (Calumet 

aquifer), a clay confining unit, confined sand 

aquifers, and a carbonate-bedrock aquifer 

(Silurian-Devonian aquifer). Samples were 

analyzed by U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency contract laboratories for selected 

water-quality properties, common ions, trace 

elements, volatile and semivolatile organic 

compounds, pesticides, and polychlorinated 

biphenyls. Onsite measurements of water 

temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, 

dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance 

were made during sample collection.

Water from wells in the SilurianDevonian aquifer is predominantly a sodium 

bicarbonate type. Water types in confined 

sand aquifers and the confining unit are varied. 

Water types from wells in the Calumet aquifer also are varied, although approximately 

42 percent of the wells in this geohydrologic 

unit produced water in which calcium and 

bicarbonate were the dominant cation-anion 

pair. Samples from several shallow wells in the

confining unit and the Calumet aquifer, and 

one well in a confined sand aquifer, were 

classified as sodium chloride-type water.

The largest concentrations of trace 

elements and organic compounds were detected in samples from wells located in or near 

industrial areas or areas of waste disposal. 

A total of 14 volatile organic compounds 

and 23 semivolatile organic compounds on 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 

target compound list was detected in 20 and 

56 samples. A total of 18 pesticide compounds 

was detected in 29 samples. Compounds 

containing polychlorinated biphenyls were 

detected in three samples.

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(USEPA), Region 5, and the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) are cooperating on a series of 

geohydrologic studies in an area of northwestern 

Indiana and northeastern Illinois. This area, known 

as the Calumet Region (Moore, 1959), is located 

along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, which 

provides access to shipping routes, enabling 

construction of large-scale industrial facilities including steel mills, petrochemical refineries, and 

heavy manufacturing companies.

Abstract 1
Much of the Calumet Region is underlain by 

a relatively thin (less than 65 ft thick), but areally 

extensive, surficial sand aquifer known as the 

Calumet aquifer (Watson and others, 1989, p. 1). 

Flow in this aquifer is generally toward the major 

streams, some of which flow into Lake Michigan. 

The quality of water in the Calumet aquifer is of 

concern to Federal, State, and local environmental 

agencies because of the potential for contamination 

from anthropogenic sources and the potential for 

discharge of those contaminants to Lake Michigan.

More than 100 sites in the study area have 

been subject to investigation and regulation by 

environmental agencies (Watson and others, 1989, 

p. 2; Roadcap and Kelly, 1994, p. 28). At least 

seven sites are on the National Priority List for 

environmental cleanup by the USEPA. In 1991, 

the USEPA designated the Calumet Region as part 

of a Geographic Enforcement Initiative Area. By 

this designation, the USEPA recognized the importance of a regional approach to understanding 

ground-water flow and quality in the Calumet 

Region.

In 1992, the USGS measured ground-water 

levels in the Calumet Region in order to map 

water levels and describe regional ground-water 

flow. That investigation, reported by Kay and 

others (1996) was the first cooperative effort by 

the USEPA and USGS to study ground water in the 

Calumet Region. During June 1993, the USGS 

collected samples of ground water in the Calumet 

Region. The results of this second study, reported 

here, are used to describe regional ground-water 

quality.

Purpose and Scope

This report describes regional ground-water 

quality in the Calumet Region of northwestern 

Indiana and northeastern Illinois on the basis of 

results from chemical analyses of water samples 

collected from 128 wells during June 1993. Each 

well is screened in one of four geohydrologic units: 

the surficial sand aquifer (Calumet aquifer), the 

clay confining unit, confined sand aquifers, or 

the carbonate-bedrock (Silurian-Devonian) aquifer. 

Samples were analyzed for general water-quality 

properties, common ions, trace elements, volatile

and semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides 

and polychlorinated biphenyls. Results are listed 

in tables and described with summary statistics. 

Selected results are plotted on maps and graphs to 

describe the chemical and the spatial variability of 

grounc -water quality in the study area. Comparisons of water quality are made among the four 

geohydrologic units, between analyte concentrations and USEPA standards for drinking water, and 

between the less industrialized and less urbanized 

eastern part of the study area and the more industrialized and more urbanized western part.

Acknowledgments

Tljie authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance df the following municipal, corporate, and 

private entities that allowed access to their properties for the collection of data for this report:

Archdiocese of Chicago 

Chicago State University 

City of Burnham, 111. 

City of Chicago, 111. 

City of East Chicago, Ind. 

City of Gary, Ind. 

City of Hammond, Ind. 

City of Whiting, Ind.

E.I. DuPont DeNemours & Co., 

East Chicago, Ind.

Illinois Department of Conservation 

Illinois State Water Survey

Inland Steel Corporation, East Chicago, 

Ind.

Lehigh Portland Cement Company, 

Gary, Ind.

Metropolitan Water Reclamation District 

of Greater Chicago

{National Park Service, Indiana Dunes 

National Lakeshore

Northern Indiana Public Service 

Company, Merrillville, Ind.

(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

United States Steel, USX Corporation, 

Gary, Ind.

2 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF CALUMET REGION

The Calumet Region of northwestern Indiana 

and northeastern Illinois is the area encompassing 

the Calumet River system in Indiana and Illinois 

and Lake Calumet in Illinois. The approximately

^

240-mi area of this study includes northwestern 

Porter County and northern Lake County in Indiana 

and southern Cook County in Illinois (fig. 1). The 

area is bounded by Lake Michigan and 80th Street 

on the north, the southern extent of the Little Calumet River and Interstate 80 on the south, Mineral 

Springs Road on the east, and Crawford Avenue on 

the west. Principal cities included in the study area 

are East Chicago, Gary, Hammond, and Whiting 

in Indiana and the southeastern part of Chicago in 

Illinois.

Land use in the Calumet Region is primarily 

residential and industrial (Kay and others, 1996). 

Large tracts of land along Lake Michigan and the 

Calumet River are used for steel production. Land 

used for the refining and storing of petrochemicals 

is located primarily near the Indiana Harbor Canal 

and at scattered locations along the Grand Calumet 

River, the Calumet Sag Channel, and near Lake 

Calumet. Numerous other industries in the study 

area include railcar, truck, and automobile assembly; scrap processing; and chemical manufacturing. 

Most of these are along and north of the Grand Calumet River in Indiana, along the Calumet River and 

Calumet Sag Channel, and near Lake Calumet in 

Illinois. The area south of the Grand Calumet River 

and areas north and west of Lake Calumet are 

primarily residential but include land for small 

industry, commercial, waste disposal, and recreational uses. Large areas used for treatment and 

disposal of wastes are located around Lake Calumet. The largest natural areas are in the eastern 

part of the study area.

Physiography and Climate

The study area is in the Eastern Lake Section 

of the Central Lowland Physiographic Province 

defined by Fenneman (1938). The Indiana part of

the study area is in the Calumet Lacustrine Plain 

subdivision of the Northern Moraine and Lake 

Region defined by the Indiana Geological Survey 

(Malott, 1922, p. 113; Schneider, 1966, p. 50). The 

Calumet Lacustrine Plain extends westward into 

Illinois, where it is called the Chicago Lake Plain 

subsection of the Great Lakes Section by the 

Illinois State Geological Survey (Leighton and 

others, 1948, p. 21). This plain, which represents 

the former location of glacial Lake Chicago, is 

characterized by a flat to undulating surface that 

slopes gently toward Lake Michigan. Land-surface 

altitudes on the lake plain range from about 640 ft 

above sea level along the northern edge of the 

Valparaiso Moraine (south of the study area) to 

about 580 ft above sea level, the approximate stage 

of Lake Michigan.

The climate in the study area is classified 

as temperate continental. The mean annual 

temperature is about 10°C and the mean annual 

precipitation is about 35.7 in. (National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric Administration, 1982). More than 

half of the average annual precipitation falls from 

April through August. Although great variations in 

precipitation and temperature may occur during any 

year, summers are generally hot and humid, and 

winters are cold.

Geology

Geology of the bedrock and surficial deposits 

and in the study area were mapped by Schneider 

and Keller (1970). Bedrock deposits in Indiana 

were mapped by Gray and others (1987). 

Topography of the bedrock surface, thickness of 

unconsolidated deposits, and surficial geology in 

Indiana, were mapped by Gray (1982, 1983,1989). 

Kay and others (1996) mapped the topography of 

the bedrock, the thickness of clay, and the thickness 

of sand in the study area. These maps, along 

with the references cited, form the basis for the 

following description of geology in the study area.

The study area is underlain by Silurian and 

Devonian bedrock, primarily dolomite, limestone, 

and shale. These rocks are the result of consolidaDescription of Calumet Region 3

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2
41°40'

41°35

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000

Albers Equal Area projectionStandard parallels 29°30' and 45°30'. Central meridian

Figure 1 . Calumet Region in north

4 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern

87°30' 87°15'

1991

12345 MILES

3 4 5 KILOMETERS

vestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois.

ndiana and Northeastern Illinois
tion of sediments originally deposited in shallow 

to moderately shallow water (Hartke and others, 

1975, p. 5). The bedrock strata are fairly flat 

throughout the study area, except in the northeast 

where they dip slightly to the north and northeast. 

The surface of the bedrock is eroded. Bedrocksurface altitudes range from less than 425 to more 

than 625 ft above sea level. The high points are 

associated with reef deposits; the low points are 

bedrock valleys that mark the paths of preglacial 

drainage that flowed northward, toward the 

Michigan Basin, from a divide to the south 

and west.

Unconsolidated deposits in the study area 

are primarily silt, clay, and sand; small amounts 

of muck, peat, and gravel are found in places. Silt 

and clay are present at land surface in most of the 

Illinois part of the study area and are found at depth 

in the Indiana part of the study area. Sand is present 

at land surface in most of Indiana north of the Little 

Calumet River and east of Lake Calumet in Illinois 

(fig. 2). Most of these sediments originally were 

derived from glaciers and were laid down as 

lake-bottom and nearshore deposits of glacial Lake 

Chicago near the end of the Wisconsin glacial stage 

(Willman, 1971, p. 38-51; Hartke and others, 1975, 

p. 7). Subsequent lowering of lake stage exposed 

the sediments to erosion and deposition by water 

and wind. The unconsolidated sediments range in 

thickness from less than 5 ft to more than 200 ft 

(Kay and others, 1996).

Throughout most of the study area, a silty clay 

layer overlies the bedrock; in some places, however, the clay may overlie a thin (less than 5 ft) layer 

of poorly sorted silty sand and gravel on top of the 

bedrock (Cravens and Zahn, 1990, p. 15). The clay 

layer, which ranges in thickness from less than 4 ft 

to about 200 ft (Kay and others, 1996), consists 

primarily of glacial till and lacustrine clay and 

may contain small to moderate amounts of gravel 

(Hartke and others, 1975, p. 7). The upper boundary of the till is eroded and represents a transition 

from deposition dominated by glacial processes to 

deposition dominated by lacustrine processes that 

resulted when the Wisconsin glacier retreated to 

the north and Lake Chicago was formed.

In the Indiana part of the study area, the clay 

layer is overlain by sand, including dune, beach, 

and lacustrine sediments that may contain thin, 

discontinuous layers of muck, peat, and organic 

materials. The sand is generally thickest in the 

eastern part of the study area. In the extreme eastern 

part of the study area, two sand layers are separated 

by a layer of silty clay. Thickness of sand in the 

study area ranges from 0 to more than 100 ft (Kay 

and others, 1996). The clay layer is overlain by sand 

in the eastern part of the study area in Illinois. Silt 

and clay are at land surface in the remainder of the 

study area in Illinois (fig. 2).

There are substantial areas of made or modified land in the study area (fig. 2). In some areas, the 

tops of dune ridges were removed and swampy land 

was dredged to provide fill for topographically low 

areas. In other places, materials such as slag and ash 

were used as fill. The areas near Wolf Lake, Lake 

George, and Lake Calumet have been altered substantially by dredging of sand and disposal of slag 

and waste materials. Along the shoreline of Lake 

Michigan, large areas of made land, primarily containing crushed and hot-poured slag, extend into 

the lake.

Hydrology

The study area is in parts of two surfacewater drainage systems. The eastern part of the 

study area drains through the Indiana Harbor Canal 

and Burns Waterway into Lake Michigan and the 

St. Lawrence drainage system. The northern part of 

the study area in Illinois drains into Lake Michigan 

through the Calumet River. The western part of the 

study area drains through the Calumet Sag Channel 

into the Des Plaines River and the Mississippi 

drainage system.

Hydrology 5
41°40'|-

41°35' -Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000. 199

Albers Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29 30' and 45' 30', Central meridian -86'Figure 2. Generalized surficial geology

6 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwester

87°30' 87°15' ___________________ 

EXPLANATION 

SAND PRESENT WITHIN 20 FEET OF LAND SURFACE

SAND ABSENT WITHIN 20 FEET OF LAND SURFACE

MADE OR MODIFIED LAND (PRIMARILY SLAG FILL) 

WELL LOCATION AND SITE DESIGNATION-Number in

rj^ Calumet 

Vl 'Harbor

WS2; BH255

12 .BH32 -BH28 Indiana 

Harbor gBH240 J , ,BH15

 ^» _^r (\r /lu-J ^ <

'.E3 

" Jterfce George BH3T, -"

BH8'E6,7 D21

parentheses is number of wells if more than 

one well is at the site

Burns 

Harbor Buffington Harbor %H7(3) BH5 <2) Lake Michigan

Gary Harbor

Geology modified from Kay and others (1996)

012345 MILES

012345 KILOMETERS

and locations of wells sampled in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
The Grand Calumet, Little Calumet, and 

Calumet Rivers are the principal streams in the 

study area (fig. 1). The natural gradient and direction of flow in these streams have been altered 

substantially by human activities such as dredging 

and filling reaches of the streams and adjacent wetlands and by industrial and municipal discharges to 

the streams. Flow divides of varying location and 

duration have been documented on all three of these 

streams (Moore, 1959; Cook and Jackson, 1978; 

Crawford and Wangsness, 1987).

Lake Michigan, which forms the northern 

boundary of the study area, is a dominant influence 

on surface- and ground-water flow. During 1903 

91, the stage of Lake Michigan at Calumet Harbor, 

Illinois, ranged from about 576.9 to 582.3 ft above 

sea level and averaged about 579.5 ft above sea 

level (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric 

Administration, written commun., 1992). Lake 

Michigan is the principal water source for public 

and industrial supply in the study area.

Other principal lakes in the study area are 

Lake Calumet, Wolf Lake, and Lake George (fig. 1). 

These lakes formed in the depressions of former 

embayments of Lake Michigan. Lake Calumet 

and Wolf Lake are similar in size, approximately 

770 acres; Lake George is smaller, approximately 

130 acres. Originally, the lakes were shallow (5 

10 ft deep) and were bordered by extensive wetland 

areas. The lakes were dredged, and many of the 

wetlands were filled. Areas in and around Lake 

Calumet, Wolf Lake, and Lake George have been 

partially filled with slag from steel mills and with 

municipal solid waste (Hartke and others, 1975; 

Colton, 1985).

Two principal aquifers underlie the study area: 

the unconsolidated surficial sand aquifer and the 

Silurian and Devonian carbonate-bedrock aquifer. 

In most of the area, these aquifers are separated 

by a confining unit of silty clay (Kay and others, 

1996).

The surficial sand deposits in the study area 

were described as unit 1 by Rosenshein and Hunn 

(1968) and were designated the Calumet aquifer by

Hartke and others, (1975, p. 25). The Calumet 

aquifer is an unconflned, water-table aquifer that is 

continuous through most of the eastern and central 

two-thirds of the study area but is present only in 

scattered locations in the western third of the study 

area. The Calumet aquifer consists primarily of 

beach and dune sand, although thin layers of peat, 

muck, and organic-rich clay may be present at the 

surface or at depth. The sand ranges in thickness 

from 0 to more than 100 ft and is thickest in the 

eastern part of the study area. The saturated fill 

deposits in areas near Lake Michigan, Lake Calumet, Wolf Lake, and Lake George also are 

considered in this report to be part of the Calumet 

aquifer.

The Calumet aquifer is recharged by direct 

infiltration of precipitation. The position of the 

water table ranges from above land surface in wetland areas to more than 100 ft beneath the highest 

dunes (Kay and others, 1996). The average depth to 

water in most of the study area is probably less than 

10 ft. Lowering of the water table in many areas as 

a result of ditching and draining the wetlands may 

have decreased the rate of recharge by dewatering 

the upper part of the aquifer (Rosenshein, and 

Hunn, 1968, p. 30). Urbanization also has altered 

recharge; large areas of built-up and paved land 

restrict infiltration, and storm sewers intercept 

runoff and pipe it directly to streams.

Discharge from the Calumet aquifer is primarily to surface water, including rivers, ditches, 

wetlands, and lakes. Evapotranspiration probably 

constitutes a major part of the discharge during 

spring and summer (Rosenshein and Hunn, 1968, 

p. 30). Fenelon and Watson (1993, p. 38) reported 

that, in some urban areas, a substantial amount 

of water in the Calumet aquifer may discharge to 

sewers. Although the aquifer is not used extensively 

in the study area, records on file at the Indiana 

Department of Natural Resources indicate that 

several wells drilled for commercial, industrial, 

irrigation, and drinking-water uses are supplied 

from the Calumet aquifer.

Hydrology 7
A clay confining unit underlies the Calumet 

aquifer and overlies the Silurian-Devonian aquifer 

in most of the study area. The confining unit is 

primarily silty clay but may contain sand and gravel 

in small, discontinuous zones. In the eastern part 

of the study area, confined sand aquifers are 

within and beneath the confining unit (Shedlock 

and others, 1994). The upper surface of the confining unit slopes toward Lake Michigan. The 

confining unit is thickest in the western one-third 

of the study area, where it is at the land surface. 

In this area, the water table is in the confining unit. 

Throughout most of the remainder of the study area, 

the confining unit restricts flow between the Calumet aquifer and the Silurian-Devonian aquifer.

The Silurian-Devonian aquifer underlies 

the entire study area. The aquifer is semiconfined 

except at Stoney Island (fig. 1), where the bedrock 

crops out and the water table is in the bedrock, and 

in areas northeast of Stoney Island and along the 

Calumet Sag Channel, where the bedrock is overlain by sand. The Silurian-Devonian aquifer is a 

source of water for industrial and commercial uses 

and, to a lesser extent, a source of drinking water. 

The aquifer is used extensively in the Illinois part 

of the study area but is not used substantially in 

Indiana.

The Silurian-Devonian aquifer is recharged 

by percolation of ground water from the Calumet 

aquifer through the clay confining unit. In places 

where the confining unit is absent, recharge is by 

infiltration of precipitation directly to the bedrock 

or through overlying deposits of sand. Within the 

study area, discharge from the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer is primarily to areas of pumping.

METHODS OF STUDY

The methods described for this study include 

procedures for sample collection and sample analysis. Methods of quality assurance, which also are 

described, include onsite and laboratory procedures 

and a review by staff of USEPA.

Sample Collection and Analysis

Water samples were collected from 128 wells 

in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois 

during June 14-28, 1993 (fig. 2). The wells were 

selected to provide data that would characterize the 

ground-water quality throughout the study area; 

however, access to the wells was a primary consideration in selection. A network of wells had been 

established in Indiana as a result of previous investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (Watson 

and others, 1989; Fenelon and Watson, 1993; 

Shedlock and others, 1994; Kay and others, 1996). 

These wells were installed to determine directions 

of groiind-water flow and characterize regional 

ground-water quality. Few of these wells were 

installed to monitor specific areas where groundwater contamination was known or suspected. The 

wells in Illinois were installed for more varied reasons. Previous investigations in the Illinois part of 

the study area were undertaken principally to monitor ground-water flow and quality at specific sites. 

One, more areally extensive, study by Roadcap and 

Kelly (1994) included the area around and east of 

Lake CJalumet an area that includes industrial, 

waste-tireatment, and waste-disposal activities. The 

wells sampled in Illinois for this study are a combination pf wells installed for the studies by Kay and 

others (1996) and Roadcap and Kelly (1994) and 

include several wells installed to monitor groundwater quality at specific sites where contamination 

of the ground water previously had been identified.

Multiple wells (two or more wells at the same 

location but completed at different depths) were 

sampled at 17 sites to identify differences in water 

quality with depth. Most of the wells in Indiana 

are completed in the Calumet aquifer; the wells 

in Illinois are completed in either the Calumet aquifer, the confining unit, or the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer (table 1, appendix 1). Four wells in the 

eastern part of the study area are completed in 

confined sand aquifers within the confining unit. 

No bedrock wells in Indiana were sampled for this 

study. Sample numbers, that were given an "S" 

prefix, were assigned at each well according to 

the approximate order of collection.

8 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
At most wells, water samples were collected 

by means of low-flow, submersible sampling 

pumps. The pumps were constructed of chemically 

inert materials and were equipped with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) discharge hoses. Eight wells 

were sampled by use of a PTFE or stainless-steel 

bailer; these wells either did not recharge quickly 

enough to allow use of a pump, were in remote locations that made the use of a pump impractical, or 

were known to contain water having large concentrations of organic compounds that would make 

pump decontamination difficult. All wells were 

sampled in accordance with procedures outlined 

by the USEPA (1987, p. 115-126). A sampling 

and analysis plan was prepared by the USGS 

and approved by the USEPA prior to sampling 

(R.T. Kay, U.S. Geological Survey, written 

commun., 1993).

At each well, the well depth and depth to 

water were measured by use of a steel tape, and 

the volume of water in the well was calculated. 

The pump was set in the well so that the pump 

intake was above the top of the open interval in 

wells completed below the water table and at least 

1 ft above the bottom of the well in wells completed 

at the water table. During pumping, the pump 

discharge was connected to a flowthrough cell 

in which onsite measurements of water temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved 

oxygen, and specific conductance were monitored 

by means of a multiprobe water-quality meter. 

The meters were calibrated daily by use of known 

reference standards. A minimum of three casing 

volumes of water was pumped from the well before 

samples were collected. If the onsite measurements 

had not stabilized to the established criteria (plus or 

minus 0.5°C for temperature, 0.25 pH units, 25 mv 

for oxidation-reduction potential, and 50 |uS/cm 

for specific conductance) by the time three casing 

volumes were removed, a fourth casing volume of 

water was removed before sampling. For samples 

collected by use of a bailer and for wells in which 

water levels did not recover quickly from pumping, 

a minimum of two casing volumes of water was 

removed from the well before sampling. Onsite

measurement of water from wells that were bailed 

was accomplished by pouring the water into a 

PTFE bucket and recording the readings by use 

of the multiprobe meter.

Samples were collected according to the type 

of container and preservation requirements listed in 

table 2. Samples were not collected in any specific 

order, except that samples for analysis of volatile 

organic compounds were collected first and samples for analysis of metals were collected last. The 

samples for metals were filtered through a disposable 0.45-micrometer filter that was attached to the 

pump-discharge line. Samples collected by use of a 

bailer were placed in a PTFE bucket and filtered 

into the sample container by use of a peristaltic 

pump. Preservatives were added to the sample bottles (table 2) before collection of the sample. The 

samples were recorded on USEPA sample reporting 

forms, packed on ice in coolers, sealed with chainof-custody tape, and shipped by overnight carrier 

to USEPA contract laboratories for analysis.

After each well was sampled, the sampling 

pump and discharge hose were rinsed with soapy 

water and scrubbed with a brush. Approximately 

2 gal of soapy, tap water were pumped through 

the pump and hose. The soapy-water wash was 

followed by pumping approximately 2 gal of tap 

water and, finally, 1 to 2 gal of deionized or distilled 

water through the pump and discharge hose. The 

same procedure was modified to clean the bailers. 

Water-quality meters and probes were rinsed with 

deionized or distilled water. Filters were discarded 

after each use.

Four laboratories analyzed samples for this 

investigation. Samples for organic compounds 

and compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenols (PCB's) collected during 

June 14 1 8 were analyzed by Wadsworth/Alert 

Laboratories, Incorporated1 . The same type of

'Use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this 

report is for identification or location purposes only and does 

not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or 

impute responsibility for any present or potential effects on 

natural resources.

Sample Collection and Analysis 9
Table 2. Sample container, preparation, and preservation requirements for ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[mL, milliliter; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; HC1, hydrochloric acid; °C, degree Celsius; PCS, polychlorinated biphenyl; NaOH, sodium 

hydroxide; ^804, sulfuric acid; HNC>3, nitric acid]

Analyte Sample container, preparation, and preservation

Volatile organic compounds

Base/neutral plus acid extractable semivolatile organic 

compounds

Pesticides and aroclor PCB's

Total organic carbon and ammonia

Dissolved and suspended solids, silica, chloride, sulfate, 

alkalinity, and acidity

Metals

Two 40-mL amber glass vials with PTFE septum caps; 

preserve with HC1 to pH less than 2, exclude air bubbles, 

cool to 4°C

One 8(jl-ounce amber glass bottle, cool to 4°C

One 1,000-mL polyethylene bottle; preserve with NaOH 

to pH greater than 12, cool to 4°C

One 1,000-mL polyethylene bottle; preserve with H2SO4 

to pH less than 2, cool to 4°C

Two 1,000-mL polyethylene bottles; cool to 4°C

One 1,000-mL polyethylene bottle; filter sample through 

0.45-micrometer filter, preserve with HNO3 to pH less 

than 2, cool to 4°C

analysis was done by Southwest Research Institute 

laboratories for samples collected during the 

remainder of the study. Samples for trace elements 

and cyanide were analyzed by TMA/Skinner/ 

Sherman laboratories. Samples for water-quality 

properties and common ions were analyzed by 

Princeton Testing Laboratories.

Quality Assurance

Quality-assurance procedures for the data 

collected during this study are divided into three 

categories: onsite procedures, laboratory procedures, and a USEPA quality-assurance review. 

Results of analysis of the quality-assurance data 

indicate inconsistencies with respect to several constituents including aluminum, ammonia nitrogen, 

bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, di-«-butylphthalate, 

copper, iron, lead, and thallium. Although the 

quality-assurance procedures do not always resolve 

the inconsistencies in the data, they do indicate that 

results of the analyses for these constituents should 

be used with caution.

Onsit6 Procedures

Quality-assurance procedures used during 

sample collection are described in the sampling and 

analysis plan written for this study (Robert T. Kay, 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, written commun.). 

The sampling protocol described in the previous 

sectior. of this report is part of the onsite qualityassurance procedures. Other onsite procedures 

consisted of collecting blank and duplicate samples for analysis by the laboratories. Two types 

of blaijk samples were collected: sampling-device 

blanks and trip blanks. The sampling-device blanks 

were analyzed for all constituents analyzed during 

this study; trip blanks were analyzed only for 

volatile organic compounds. Blank samples were 

designated by an "R" prefix followed by a twodigit number that indicates the relative order of 

collection. Sampling-device blanks were given an 

"MB" Wefix, and trip blanks were given a "TB" 

prefix in the sample name. Duplicate samples were 

collected for regular analysis and for laboratory use 

as matrix-spike samples. Duplicate samples were 

designated by a "D" prefix. Results of the analyses

of qua 

tables

ity-assurance samples are presented in 

through 12 (appendix 2).

10 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Sampling-device blanks were collected after 

initial cleaning of the sampling pumps and before 

collecting the first sample. The sampling-device 

blanks were prepared by pumping distilled water 

through the sampling pump and filling sample 

bottles as though a regular sample were being 

collected. Sampling-device blanks were collected 

from each of the four pumps used to collect samples. Results of the analyses of these samples 

(R-01 through R-04) are listed in tables 3 through 7 

(appendix 2). An additional sampling-device blank 

(R-05) was collected after cleaning the pump used 

to collect a sample from well D10, in which a 

floating layer of oil was observed during sampling. 

Two sampling-device blanks (R-09 and R-13) were 

collected by use of a bailer.

The laboratories reported detecting many of 

the common ions, six trace elements, two volatile 

organic compounds (VOC's), and six semivolatile 

organic compounds (SVOC's) in the samplingdevice blanks (tables 3 through 7). Concentrations 

of most constituents in the blank samples were 

generally small compared to concentrations of 

these constituents in the ground-water samples. 

Therefore, detection of these constituents in the 

sampling-device blanks does not compromise 

the quality of the data. Several constituents that 

were detected in the sampling-device blanks in 

concentrations similar to those in the ground-water 

samples are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Two common ions, ammonia nitrogen 

and iron, were detected in three and five of the 

sampling-device blanks. Aluminum was detected 

in both sampling-device blanks collected by use of 

bailers. The source of aluminum may be aluminum 

foil that was used to wrap the bailers during storage. 

Wells sampled by use of bailers are E7 (S-025), 

MW-15 (S-043), A3 (S-044), Al (S-049), BH15 

(S-063), W3 (S-080), 120 (S-l 19), and FILO4 

(S-125). Unless these constituents were present 

in the distilled water used for the blanks, their 

detection in the sampling-device blanks indicates 

potential for contamination of the samples by the 

sampling equipment. No samples were collected 

directly from the distilled water that was purchased 

locally during the study.

Copper was detected in one of the samplingdevice blanks collected by use of a pump; however, 

copper was not detected in 12 subsequent samples 

collected by use of that same pump. Lead was 

detected in two sampling-device blanks that were 

collected by use of a pump. Lead was not detected 

in seven samples collected after the first blank, and 

lead was not detected in water from two wells, 

Dl 1 (S-018) and D10 (S-019), that were sampled 

prior to collecting the second blank sample. Lead 

was detected in 12 of 23 samples collected after the 

second blank by use of this pump. The source of 

lead is not obvious; however, the data indicate a 

potential for lead contamination at concentrations 

similar to those detected in ground-water samples.

Thallium was detected in two sampling-device 

blanks at concentrations similar to those in the 

ground-water samples. Thallium was detected in 

several laboratory blanks; its presence in many 

of the ground-water samples is qualified by the 

USEPA review and is discussed later in the report.

Most of the organic compounds detected in 

sampling-device blanks either were not detected 

in ground-water samples or were detected in 

ground-water samples that were not collected by 

use of the same device that was used to collect 

the blank sample. Phenol was detected in 1 

sampling-device blank but was detected in only 1 

of 29 samples collected by use of the same pump. 

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-«-butylphthalate were detected in four and two sampling-device 

blanks. These compounds also were detected in 

several laboratory blanks, are commonly used 

in laboratories, and are further qualified by the 

USEPA review. Detections of bis(2-ethyhexyl) 

phthalate and di-«-butylphthalate in ground-water 

samples for this study are not considered representative of water quality.

Trip blanks were prepared by filling two or 

three 40-mL sample bottles with laboratory-grade 

organic-free water. Trip blanks were kept by the 

sampling crews in coolers with ground-water 

samples during sample collection. Trip blanks were 

packed in coolers and shipped to the laboratory for 

analysis of VOC's. Trip blanks can help determine

Quality Assurance 11
whether the samples collected for analysis of 

VOC's were contaminated after collection. Results 

of analysis of the trip blanks are listed in table 5 

(appendix 2). No VOC's were detected in any of 

the trip blanks, an indication that sample integrity 

was maintained during transport and storage.

Thirteen duplicate samples were collected and 

sent to the laboratories for the same chemical analyses as the regular samples (tables 8 through 12, 

appendix 2). An additional sample was collected 

from well BH31, and analytical results for that 

sample are included with the duplicate sample 

pair for comparison. One duplicate sample was 

collected for every 10 samples or portion of 10 

samples. Two additional duplicate samples were 

collected for every 20 samples for use by the laboratories as matrix-spike samples. Samples and 

duplicate samples were collected sequentially from 

the same well.

Results of the duplicate-sample analyses indicate the random variation of the sample-collection 

procedure. The relative percent difference (RPD) 

was selected to compare concentrations between 

each sample and duplicate sample. The RPD was 

calculated for each analyte and duplicate sample 

pair by means of the formula

RPD =

(Cl-C2)x 100 percent

(Cl +C2)/2

where

C1 is the larger of the two concentrations, and

C2 is the smaller of the two concentrations (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1989, p. 13).

The RPD was calculated for 30 analytes that 

were detected in the sample and the sample duplicate. Analytes that were detected in one but not 

both of the sample pairs, and analytes that were 

not detected in either of the sample pairs, are not 

included in the RPD analysis because of uncertainty 

in the actual concentration of analytes reported as 

less than the quantitation limit.

The RPD results (table 13) indicate only small 

differences between concentrations of most analytes in the sample pairs. Of the total number of 

individual comparisons, 178 had RPD's of less 

than 25 percent and 35 had RPD's of more than

25 per 

varied

;ent. Although the range of RPD's was 

among analytes, 19 of the 30 analytes tested

had median RPD's less than 10 percent. Only four 

analytes suspended solids, aluminum, zinc, and 

acetone had median RPD's that exceeded 25 percent, the large RPD's may have resulted from 

random variation in sampling procedures, in 

laboratory analyses, or in ground-water quality.

Acetone is the only target VOC detected in 

duplicate sample pairs (table 10, appendix 2). 

Acetone was detected in all of the three samples 

from BH31 (S-031, D-031, and S-036). The RPD 

betwedn concentrations of acetone in the first 

sample and duplicate sample is about 82; however, 

concentrations of acetone in the first and the additional sample are identical. The consistent detection 

of acetone in water from BH31 confirms the presence of this compound in ground water and 

indicates the capability of detecting acetone in the 

samples. The large RPD between concentrations 

in the first and duplicate samples indicates inconsistent (precision during sample collection or in 

determining concentrations of acetone. Acetone is 

commonly used in laboratories as a cleaning agent 

and so vent and is a potential contaminant of samples submitted for analysis. However, acetone was 

detected in only 4 of the 128 ground-water samples, 

indicat ng that acetone probably was not introduced 

into th^ samples at the laboratory. The other target 

VOC's were not tested by the duplicate sample 

analysis because no VOC's were detected in these 

samples.

Ten of the trace elements, seven SVOC's, and 

four pesticide compounds were detected at least 

once in either the sample or the duplicate sample 

but not in both samples (tables 9, 11, and 12, 

appendix 2). For most of these analytes, this pattern 

of detection is observed in 3 or fewer of the 13 

sample pairs, and the reported concentrations are 

similar to, or less than, the laboratory quantitation 

limit. This pattern of detection is observed for

12 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 13. Statistical summary of relative percent differences for analytes detected in both the sample and the dupl

[RPD, relative percent difference; --, insufficient data]

Number of 

Analyte sample pairs

Oc 

SL

3

v> wc

3 

O 

CD

CO

Alkalinity

Ammonia nitrogen

Calcium

Chloride

Dissolved solids

Iron

Magnesium

Manganese

Potassium

Silica

Sodium

Sulfate

Suspended solids

Total organic carbon

Aluminum

Arsenic

Barium

Copper

Cyanide

Lead

Mercury

Nickel

Selenium 

Thallium

Vanadium

Zinc

Acetone 

Phenol 

Paracresol

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

11

10

13

11

11

13

12

12

13

11

13

10

11

10

5

7

12

1

2

4

5

1

2 

4

3

2

1 

1 

1

1

Minimum 

RPD

0

0

0

.25

.77

0

0

0

0

1.7

0

0

0

2.4

3.3

0

0

--

.46

5.4

7.4

--

2.7 

2.2

2.1

40.9

--

--

Maximum 

RPD

68.2

50.0

9.4

26.6

8.1

61.9

10.7

22.7

34.0

10.4

16.9

74.1

73.7

99.4

78.2

69.1

27.2

-

10.2

96.0

85.7

--

9.5

70.2

5.1

44.4

--

--

Lower 

quartile

0.47

6.0

1.0

1.8

1.6

1.1

.88

1.4

1.0

2.6

.82

2.6

2.0

5.4

-

.78

--

--

6.3

7.7

--

-

--

--

Median

2.32

12.75

1.57

7.17

2.54

8.51

1.75

1.93

3.15

5.50

2.26

12.7

45.4

11.0

46.8

9.52

3.02

.53

5.33

19.4

16.7

18.9

6.10 

9.40

4.72

42.6

81.5 

8.00 

13.3

.29

Upper 

quartile 

9.7

28.5

5.2

18

5.1

8.1

4.5

4.0

6.4

6.0

8.5

34

64.2

53.5

--

8.6

-

--

79.5

74.5

--

_

--

~

--
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in six sample pairs, 

for lead in five sample pairs, and for mercury 

and thallium in four sample pairs. Although the 

reported concentrations are small, the inability to 

detect these analytes in both the sample and the 

sample duplicate implies uncertainty about their 

presence in the samples and indicates less precision in results for these analytes compared to the 

others, at least where concentrations were similar 

to the quantitation limit. Compounds containing 

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were not 

detected in any duplicate sample pairs and were 

not tested by the duplicate analysis.

Laboratory Procedures

Laboratory quality-assurance procedures 

are described in the USEPA Contract Laboratory 

Program (CLP). The contract between the laboratory and USEPA specifies the criteria for sample 

holding times, analytical procedures, quantitation 

limits, instrument calibration, and type and frequency of laboratory blanks and matrix-spike 

samples. The contract also requires specific documentation of the laboratory quality-assurance 

procedures (Simms and Daddow, 1994).

A data package was prepared by the contract 

laboratory for each group of samples processed. 

The data package included the analytical results for 

the regular samples and the onsite and laboratory 

quality-control samples. The data package also 

contained the documentation of the laboratory 

quality-assurance procedures. The data package 

was submitted to USEPA for review and validation.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Quality-Assurance Review

The USEPA reviews each data package from 

the contract laboratories. The review includes evaluation and validation of the data by means of a 

systematic procedure that has established criteria 

for determining the usability of the data (Simms 

and Daddow, 1994). The review covers all aspects

of the laboratory contract and quality-assurance 

procedures and qualifies the data on the basis of 

review results.

Results of the USEPA review indicate that, 

for all analyses, the data are acceptable with 

the appropriate qualifications (Charles T. Elly, 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 

writtei(i commun., 1993). Many of the analytical 

data Were qualified as "estimated" by the USEPA 

review. This qualification means that either 

contamination was suspected, the reported concentration is smaller than the contract-required 

quantitation limit but larger than zero, or the 

laboratory did not provide complete documentation 

of the (quality-assurance procedures as established 

by the CLP. All tentatively identified organic compounds were qualified as estimated because both 

identification and quantitation are questionable. 

Estimated concentrations are usable for analyses of 

the data; however, the reported value may not be 

accurate or precise. In this report, estimated concentrations are identified by an "e" after the value.

O|ther data qualifiers applied by the USEPA 

quality-assurance review and used in this report are 

the "d'f and "p" qualifiers. The "d" data qualifier 

identifies compounds that were detected in samples 

that were diluted. Samples were diluted if they were 

suspected to contain large concentrations on the 

basis o[f previous knowledge of water quality at a 

site or because contaminants (such as floating oil) 

were observed at the time of sampling. Samples 

also were diluted and re-analyzed if concentrations 

of one or more compounds exceeded the calibration 

range of the laboratory instruments used for the 

specific analysis. For these samples, the laboratory 

reports the results of both analyses.

A "p" data qualifier is used for compounds 

containing pesticides or PCB's when the difference 

in detected concentrations between the two gas 

chromatograph columns used for the analysis is 

greater than 25 percent. As part of the quality assurance, the CLP requires the use of two columns 

one for quantitation and one for confirmation of 

the compound. The smaller of the two concentrations is reported and identified with a "p".

14 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
An "R" data qualifier was applied during 

the USEPA review to a few results that were determined to be unusable. Results of 4 analyses for 

ammonia nitrogen and 25 analyses for thallium 

were qualified as unusable because the reported 

concentrations were less than the instrument 

detection limit as determined from laboratory 

calibration reports. Results qualified as unusable 

are not included in this report.

GROUND-WATER QUALITY

Discussion of the results of the analyses of 

the samples collected during this study are divided 

into two sections; onsite measurements and laboratory analyses. Laboratory analyses are subdivided 

into water-quality properties and common ions, 

trace elements, VOC's, SVOC's, and compounds 

containing pesticides or PCB's. The laboratories 

reported water-quality characteristics and some 

of the common-ion concentrations in milligrams 

per liter. The remaining analyses were reported in 

micrograms per liter. Concentrations of common 

ions reported in micrograms per liter are converted 

to milligrams per liter for purpose of discussion 

in this report (see Conversion Factors at front of 

report). Concentrations listed in the tables are in 

the units reported by the laboratories.

Samples designated by the "S" prefix are 

considered to be the sample for wells from which 

duplicate samples were collected; those concentrations are reported in the tables and text and are 

used in statistical analysis of the data. Two samples 

(S-031 and S-036) and one duplicate sample 

(D-031) were collected from well BH31. The 

second sample (S-036) is considered to be the 

sample for this well because it was collected by 

the same personnel that collected samples from 

other wells in Indiana.

In order to describe ground-water quality in 

the study area, each of the 128 sampled wells was 

assigned a primary land use (table 1, appendix 1). 

Five categories of land use were assigned: commercial, industrial, natural, residential, and waste

disposal. The assigned land uses are based on the 

authors' best estimates of past and present land use 

in the vicinity of each well and take into account 

the direction of ground-water flow determined 

in previous studies (Watson and others, 1989; 

Fenelon and Watson, 1993; Shedlock and others, 

1994; Kay and others, 1996). For example, a well 

in a residential area that is downgradient of industry was assigned an industrial land use because 

the ground water more likely would be affected 

by industrial rather than residential activities. In 

addition, wells in areas that are not industrial but 

are known to have been filled with industrial waste 

(such as slag or fly ash) were assigned to the 

waste-disposal land-use category.

For compounds that have established drinkingwater standards, concentrations in samples are 

compared to USEPA Maximum Contaminant 

Levels (MCL's) and Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL's) (U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, 1992). MCL's are concentration limits for certain substances in water delivered 

to customers of public water systems; MCL's are 

based on consideration of risk to human health, 

technological considerations, and economic costs. 

In some cases, where an MCL has not been established, a proposed MCL is used for comparison 

with the water-quality data. SMCL's are suggested 

concentration limits for substances in water that 

do not result in adverse health effects but may limit 

the use of water because of unpleasant taste, odor, 

or color. The USEPA lists action levels rather than 

MCL's for copper and lead; these trace elements 

are common components of materials used to construct water-supply systems and therefore cannot be 

regulated at the source of the water supply.

Onsite Measurements

Measurements of water temperature, pH, 

oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), dissolved 

oxygen (DO), and specific conductance (SC) 

were recorded at each site immediately before 

sample collection. Results are listed in table 14 

(appendix 3) and are summarized in table 15.

Ground-Water Quality 15
Table 15. Statistical summary of onsite measurements of selected pftoperties of ground water in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[°C, degrees Celsius; mv, millivolts; mg/L, milligrams per liter; |aS/cm, microsiemen > per centimeter at 25 °C]

Ground-water property 

and unit of measurement

Temperature (°C)

pH (standard units)

Oxidation-reduction potential (mv)

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

Specific conductance (jiS/cm)

Geohydrologic Nu 

unit si

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifer

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

mber of 

mples Median

125 14.1

91 13.6

20 14.8

4 13.1

10 16.2

118 7.2

84 7.2

20 7.35

4 7.8

10 8.0

124 -64.5

91 -75.0

19 79.0

4 -184

10 -47.5

All units 109 .5

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifer

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifer

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

80 .4

16 1.8

4 .15

9 1.2

125 828

91 842

20 1,750

4 756

10 484

Minimum

10.3

10.3

12.8

11.2

14.1

5.3

5.3

6.5

7.7

6.7

-446

-446

-264

-202

-180

0

0

.3

0

.4

106

106

192

462

290

Maximum

20.8

20.8

20

13

18

12

12

12

8

9.

159

136

159

-164

109

9.

9.

4.

1.

5,980

4,030

5,980

1,740

3,630

5

9

6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

6

16 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Water Temperature PH

Ground-water temperatures were measured 

for 125 of the samples. Temperatures ranged from 

10.3 to 20.8°C; the median was 14.1°C. The median 

ground-water temperature is 4°C warmer than 

the mean annual air temperature, 10.1°C, reported 

for Gary, Ind. (National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration, 1982). Water temperatures 

measured in the flow-through cell can be affected 

by air temperature, length of the discharge tubing, 

or exposure to sunlight during the measurement; 

therefore, the temperature of the sample may not 

represent the temperature of ground water in the 

formation. The average air temperature during 

June 1993 at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore 

was 19.4°C (National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration, 1993). The average air temperature was warmer than the average ground-water 

temperature an indication that, for this study, 

temperatures measured in the flow-through cell 

most likely would be warmer than the ground-water 

temperature.

Water temperatures varied most in samples 

from the Calumet aquifer (table 15); in fact, the 

minimum and maximum temperatures for all 

wells were measured in samples from wells in 

the Calumet aquifer. Samples from wells in the 

confining unit had a slightly smaller range of temperature than samples from wells in the Calumet 

aquifer. Samples from wells in confined sand 

aquifers and in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer had 

the smallest ranges of water temperature, probably 

because fewer samples were collected from these 

geohydrologic units.

Comparison of water temperature at 16 sites 

where multiple wells are screened at different 

depths indicates no consistent trend. Water from 

deep wells was warmest at 11 sites and water from 

the shallow wells was warmest at 5 sites. Fenelon 

and Watson (1993, p. 43) reported seasonal reversals in the relative temperatures for water from 

shallow and deep wells in Lake County, such 

that water in shallow wells was colder than water 

in deep wells during spring but warmer during 

summer.

Values of pH measured in water from 118 

wells ranged from 5.3 to 12.1; the median is 7.2 

(table 15). Half of the samples had values of pH 

that ranged from 6.9 to 7.6. The SMCL for pH is 

from 6.5 to 8.5. In most ground water in the United 

States, pH ranges from about 6 to about 8.5 (Hem, 

1985, p. 63 64). In 89 percent of the samples for 

this study, pH was within this range. Water from 

nine wells had a pH of less than 6.5, and water from 

only one well, A20 (S-079), had a pH of less than 6. 

This well is in a residential area in the central part 

of the study area (fig. 2). The reason for this low pH 

is not known; it may be a result of measurement 

error. Fenelon and Watson (1993) reported three pH 

measurements for water from this same well that 

ranged from 7.2 to 7.4.

Samples from 12 wells had values of pH larger 

than 8.5. Except for well BH1D (S-089), these 

wells are installed in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer 

or are in areas of made or modified land that contain 

various amounts of slag. The largest pH values 

were measured in water from wells in areas where 

slag is present. In water from several of these wells, 

pH exceeded 11. Although slag was not observed 

near BH1D, the large value of pH for water from 

this well is similar to those measured in water 

from wells near slag.

The median pH for water from each of the four 

geohydrologic units indicates an increase in pH 

with depth (table 15). Because the bedrock is predominantly dolomite and limestone, an increase 

in pH of water from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer 

compared to water from shallow wells is expected 

in areas of natural water quality. The range of pH 

for the four units reflects the number of samples 

from each unit. Water from wells screened in the 

Calumet aquifer had the largest range of pH, and 

water from wells screened in confined sand aquifers 

had the smallest range.

Comparison of pH for water from multiple 

wells completed at different depths at 15 sites does 

not indicate an increase in pH with depth, as do the 

median values, except at three sites where the deep

Onsite Measurements 17
well is screened in a confined sand aquifer. Among 

six sites where the deep well is in the SilurianDevonian aquifer, pH was higher in water from 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer at three sites and 

was higher in the shallow-well water at three sites. 

At two sites, BH18 and FILO5-6, where pH was 

higher in shallow-well water than in water from 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, the shallow ground 

water is in contact with slag fill or industrial waste.

Oxidation-Reduction Potential

The Eh of water is an index of the exchange 

activity of electrons among elements in solution. 

Measurements of Eh describe the electric potential, 

using the potential of the hydrogen electrode as a 

reference point of zero. A positive potential indicates oxidizing conditions in the water; a negative 

potential indicates reducing conditions (Hem, 

1985, p. 159).

Measurements of Eh were made in water 

from 124 wells. Values of Eh ranged from -446 

to 159 mv; the median is -64.5 mv, an indication 

of reducing conditions in most ground water in 

the study area. In all, 82 measurements indicated 

reducing conditions, whereas 42 measurements 

indicated oxidizing conditions.

The median Eh for the four geohydrologic 

units indicated reducing conditions in the three 

aquifer units and oxidizing conditions in the confining unit. Of the 91 measurements in water 

from wells screened in the Calumet aquifer, nearly 

75 percent (66 samples) were indicative of reducing 

conditions. Twelve measurements in water from 

the confining unit indicated oxidizing conditions, 

whereas seven measurements in water from this 

unit indicated reducing conditions. Measurements 

of Eh in water from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer 

were divided equally between oxidizing and 

reducing conditions. Water from all four wells 

screened in confined sand aquifers had Eh values 

indicating reducing conditions.

Comparison of Eh at 15 sites having more 

than one well indicated an increase in reducing 

conditions with increasing depth. Water from wells 

at 13 of the sites had Eh values indicating either a 

decrealse in oxidation potential or an increase in 

reduction potential with increased well depth. 

At onty one site (wells WP1 and WP2) did Eh 

measurements show a decrease in reduction potential with depth. At site BH18, Eh measurements 

indicated oxidizing conditions in water from three 

wells. [The data for this site show a decrease in oxidation potential between the shallow well and the 

intermediate-depth well. Water from the deep well 

has an! oxidation potential similar to that of water 

from t(ie intermediate-depth well.

Dissolved Oxygen

DO was measured for water samples from 

109 wells (table 15). Concentrations of DO ranged 

from 0 to 9.1 mg/L; the median was 0.5 mg/L. 

Half of the samples had dissolved-oxygen concentrations between 0.2 and 1.6 mg/L. Concentrations 

of DO were larger than 2.0 mg/L in 18 samples. 

All the samples having DO concentrations larger 

than 2.0 mg/L were from wells less than 24 ft 

deep except for the sample from well BH1D 

(S-089), a 90-ft-deep well having water that contained [2.2 mg/L of DO. Concentrations of 0 mg/L 

were reported for samples from three wells: LK13 

(S-l 18), 232 (S-082), and 105 (S-084). Well 105 

is screened in a confined sand aquifer; the other 

two wells are screened near the base of the Calumet 

aquifer.

The median DO concentrations for water from 

each of the four geohydrologic units indicated that 

the smallest concentrations were in water from confined s^nd aquifers and the largest concentrations 

were in water from the confining unit. Water in 

the Ca umet aquifer had the largest range of DO 

concentrations.

Comparison of concentrations of DO in water 

from niultiple wells screened at different depths 

at 12 sjtes indicated a decrease in DO with increasiflg depth. Smaller concentrations of DO

18 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
were measured in water from deep wells than from 

shallow wells at 9 sites. At two sites, concentrations of DO were larger in water from deep wells; 

and at one site, concentrations in water from the 

shallow and deep wells were similar.

Specific Conductance

SC is a measure of the capability of a substance 

to conduct electricity across a unit length at a specific temperature. The SC of pure water is low, less 

than 10 fj.S/cm. Substances dissolved in the water 

increase the conductivity, so measurements of SC 

provide an indication of the amount of dissolved 

solids in the water (Hem, 1985, pp. 66-67).

SC was measured in water samples from 

125 wells (table 15). Values of SC ranged from 106 

to 5,980 nS/cm; the median was 828 nS/cm. The 

smallest SC was measured in water from well 

122 (S-087), which is completed in the Calumet 

aquifer in a residential area between Wolf Lake and 

the Calumet River. The largest SC was measured 

in water from well 19 (S-067), which is completed 

in the confining unit in an area of fill southwest 

of Lake Calumet. Half of the measured SC values 

were between 450 and 1,540 fj.S/cm.

Median values of SC for each of the four 

geohydrologic units indicated that relatively large 

values of SC (greater than 1,000 fj.S/cm) were 

measured most frequently in water from wells in 

the confining unit and least frequently in water 

from the confined sand and Silurian-Devonian 

aquifers (table 15). The range of SC values in water 

from the confining unit was larger than the ranges 

for the three aquifer units.

Comparison of SC measurements for 16 

multiple-well sites indicated a slight trend toward 

increasing SC with increasing depth. SC was largest 

in water from deep wells at 10 sites, largest in water 

from shallow wells at 5 sites, and similar at 1 site. 

Precipitation that recharges the ground water probably has small SC values. Willoughby (1995) 

reported that precipitation at Gary, Ind., has a 

median SC of about 22 fj.S/cm. As the water moves 

through the sediments, soluble materials are dissolved in the water, thereby increasing the SC.

Under natural conditions and in homogeneous 

sediments, water from deep wells generally would 

have a larger SC than water from shallow wells 

because water from deep wells has been in contact 

with the sediments for a much longer time.

The distribution of measured SC values in 

water from wells completed near the water table 

in the Calumet aquifer and the confining unit is 

shown on figure 3. The general increase in SC 

from east to west across the study area indicates that 

ground water in the eastern part of the study area 

contains less dissolved substances than ground 

water in the western part of the study area. The 

distribution of SC in ground water can be explained 

partly by the larger percentage of silt and clay in the 

sediments in the western part of the study area compared to the eastern part of the study area; however, 

the largest values of SC probably are due to changes 

in the chemistry of the ground water resulting from 

urbanization, industrial activities, and waste disposal. The largest values of SC were measured in 

water from wells in industrial areas around Lake 

Calumet, along the Lake Michigan shoreline, and 

near the Indiana Harbor Canal.

Laboratory Analyses

Discussion of results of the laboratory analyses 

are divided into five categories: water-quality 

properties and common ions, trace elements and 

cyanide, VOC's, SVOC's, and compounds containing pesticides or PCB's. Summary statistics for 

each set of analyses are presented in the text, and 

results of all analyses are presented in appendix 3.

Water-Quality Properties and Common Ions

Water-quality properties determined for 

this study are acidity, alkalinity, dissolved and 

suspended solids, and total organic carbon. Concentrations were determined for 10 common ions: 

ammonia nitrogen, calcium, chloride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and

Laboratory Analyses 19
41°40'

41°35' 

I

01520 ° 859 

5980/"~N 1700 /""^

5720x "Nisnn^^^^^

f ] ^-^ ^ t-icll

O^^ °582 ./ 

2070 137Q0 5800

------ ir ., -- 2630 -,,--; s

V

*-. %" """

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24.000, 1991 Mbers Equal Area projection Standard parallels 29°30' and 45P 30'. Central meridian -86

87°30' ' 87°15'

°873 _ Calumet I 

Harbor

1 o1100 EXPLANATION 

1980Q ST

4o«0 ' -a , () WELL LOCATION- Number is specific conductance in microsiemens per 

j o1440 § "= 2000 centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius: size of circle indicates relative value

° 1150° l^soij ,430 Indiana 

;e 5O (S3 7020 Harbor

1161 £1150 538 °0 1740 % 

-.2330 w 0 1300 " *-" O' 

M2850 Wolf o 469 " r i LJ _ LaKe "Lake George ' j ~

io 7A°°1 °68£io 13°401060°°63 ^ ' . , J B U2390 ^bl ^bjuy o Buffington Harbor

0533 _... AO .. Harbor . ^^^- <"" 9n .

o . " ° ^ ^ 186. La/ce Michigan \ 1R4 -445 1560 ^1300 . 53 645 982 ^ j ' 164 

p ° c ,- - ^-,4030 - -' 654

^"\^/?0, ^| O Gary Harbor o " o1190 

~'r -o943 ^ -' | °542 69°0 

- 126°0 C«1U» 2250 ^00 °832 421 - ° 900 j .354 &T^,.^ '

721 260° * )Gf O- &iKiver ° 251 ,239 344 ;"1170 ,-' ^' 318° 507 o 939 4.9R ° CD / ' 

,vCa^niet °934 ° 260 Q2110 - 251 ' ! ^^ '" * - ' \J -'---, 246 J ,vv~ 

%x^ 367 ' n937 _* ..,'-' » . ' '>-

\ i o1410 r U^1 t'= " --> ;

' <f>'^ 499 °714 - q " IJ "' --"" >-"* it .i-4 r* o^33 ' _ " v fJ " - ' '< "

2 § ., x. .,Riuer_.. , - ./ r^, tliS ^ s, " --, /

r ** s-J >**"'- - - " \ ) / * t'" -'j-*xO '-" ^ ** . _ r' T < ^ * i », ^ j X «^ " *v ": *""' " *"** T\ x t > '

I

012345 MILES

1 1 1 1 1

20 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois

012345 KILOMETERS

Figure 3. Specific conductance of water from shallow wells in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.
sulfate (table 16, appendix 3). The water-quality 

properties are either measurements of general 

properties (such as alkalinity) or determinations of 

concentrations of more than one substance (such as 

dissolved solids). The common ions are abundant, 

naturally occurring substances that are readily 

soluble in water and therefore constitute most of 

the dissolved substances in water. Ammonia 

nitrogen, the only nutrient analyzed for in this 

study, is included with the common ions. Iron 

and manganese commonly are reported as trace 

elements; however, they are grouped with common 

ions in this report because of the frequency of 

detection and relatively large concentrations compared to trace elements in this study. Analyses of 

water-quality properties and common-ion concentrations provide a basis for describing the general 

ground-water chemistry of the study area.

In order to compare chemical equivalence 

of the reported concentrations of ions in the water 

samples, the analytical results of selected waterquality characteristics and common ions were converted to milliequivalents per liter. Concentrations 

expressed as milliequivalents per liter account for 

differences in atomic weight and ionic charge of the 

ions considered in the analysis (Hem, 1985, p. 55- 

56). The total concentration of cations and anions 

in a sample can be calculated, and concentrations 

of specific ions can be expressed as percentages of 

those totals. Cations considered in this discussion 

are calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. 

Anions considered are carbonate and bicarbonate 

(concentrations derived from alkalinity determinations), sulfate, and chloride. A multiple-technique 

computer program (Briel, 1993) was used to plot 

the results on trilinear diagrams to illustrate the 

general water quality.

Sample results are discussed in terms of the 

four geohydrologic units in the study area: the Calumet aquifer, the confining unit, confined sand 

aquifers, and the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. For 

this report, an ion is considered dominant if it 

comprises 50 percent or more of the total milliequivalents per liter of cations or anions in the 

sample. For all samples except three, the data 

are sufficient to be included in the discussion.

Samples from wells 115 (S-51) and BH24 (S-57) 

were mislabeled, so it is uncertain which results 

correspond to which sample. The sample from 

FILO6 (S-128) was not included because the 

sample volume was insufficient for laboratory 

analysis.

Water from 90 wells in the Calumet aquifer 

had a wide range of chemistry, although 42 percent 

of the samples from this group were classified as 

calcium bicarbonate water types (fig. 4). Calcium 

was the dominant cation in water from 55 wells, 

sodium was the dominant cation in water from 11 

wells, and magnesium was the dominant cation in 

water from 1 well in this group. Water from 23 

wells contained no dominant cation. The dominant 

anion was bicarbonate in water from 48 wells, sulfate in water from 15 wells, and chloride in water 

from 12 wells. No dominant anion was determined 

for water from 15 wells.

Water from 38 wells in the Calumet aquifer 

was a calcium bicarbonate type, water from 11 

wells was a calcium sulfate type, water from 6 wells 

was a sodium chloride type. The dominant cationanion pairs were sodium bicarbonate for water from 

two wells, calcium chloride for water from one 

well, and magnesium bicarbonate for water from 

one well. Samples from the remaining 31 wells 

were classified as mixed water types.

The varied amounts of common ions in water 

from wells in the Calumet aquifer are explained 

easily by natural variation resulting from dissolution of soluble materials in the sediments that 

constitute this geohydrologic unit. Two exceptions, 

which may have resulted from human activities, are 

the presence of sulfate and chloride. The presence 

of sulfate may be related to disposal of slag or ash 

from coal burning. Except for well BH7S (S-065), 

the wells that contain water having large concentrations of sulfate are in areas of made or modified 

land. The presence of sodium chloride in water 

from shallow wells may be the result of roadway 

deicing salts.

Water from 21 wells in Illinois that are completed in the confining unit indicated no dominant 

water type for this geohydrologic unit (fig. 5).

Laboratory Analyses 21
/

20-

°o

100

/ /*/

3 &

/ £ * ++ + t+ +

* ^ / 0. >

A \

%\ "\%

.*.'#% *

A ^ 

+ * t* -z Na

"I? + + 1+ 4-

n* Ml ^ + +

+ ^^

v/

80

Ma

60

CALCIUM

+ ,

'<

\

HCO + + +sb 4 + ci

HCO ,

^

X^\

£> s6

<§>

100

\ 4 ,«§» 
 

^ \

Co -&.+ + 4 ^ * ^

% |^ ,1JC^". +S o4\ ^

/ % «', >. 1 * '*

(J (ft. +4i- V,;Ml;; RrvtL. - \.^>

M»ft,,+ flete., eft

/^^ t?100 *° f +

^ *.. 

<$ ^ +

*

^ 4 * \ ?l

-+^ * K~i 0

CHLORIDE

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENTS PER LITER

Figure 4. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells irj the Calumet aquifer 

in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

22 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
/'-I & *

Cl

^7 Ca

N,/ HCO -2 S01 Cl, / X Q, ~X/ ; ~r ~h *^

^~ '£-

80 ^ ^ ^

, Mg ^ <?" , .-" ° XT +VS0 4 ^

$ \ $ ^ + , ^ ^ ^

Ca Na , ^ <£"'-, /% $ /HC03 - SO 4 <^

v^4-T-Mi..= :\;.''i. ' -Cj (s* ^ rf) V, s. .':;.;:, ; \ ;:-; _O

20 * ^ <P ° , +

% %

CALCIUM CHLORIDE 

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENTS PER LITER

Figure 5. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in the confining unit in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

Laboratory Analyses 23
Calcium was the dominant cation in water from 

seven wells, sodium was the dominant cation in 

water from six wells, and magnesium was the 

dominant cation in water from 1 well in this group. 

Seven wells produced water that contained no 

dominant cation. The dominant anion was chloride 

in water from nine wells, sulfate in water from 

seven wells, and bicarbonate in water from three 

wells. No dominant anion was determined for 

water from two wells.

Water from wells BH1D (S-089), BH1S 

(S-090), BH26 (S-039), and BH29 (S-038) was a 

calcium sulfate type; water from wells II (S-032), 

13 (S-086), 18 (S-068), 19 (S-067), and 113 (S-033) 

was a sodium chloride type; and water from wells 

BH16S (S-l 15) and BH30 (S-029) was a calcium 

bicarbonate type. The dominant cation-anion 

pairs were calcium chloride for water from well 

12 (S-l02) and magnesium sulfate for water from 

well FILO2 (S-l27). Samples from the remaining 

eight wells were classified as mixed water types.

The various water types produced from wells 

in the confining unit do not appear to be geographically defined, except for four wells (II, 13,18, 

and 19) that produced sodium chloride water; these 

wells are in an area of modified land southwest 

of Lake Calumet near wastewater-treatment and 

solid-waste-disposal facilities. The only other water 

in which sodium chloride was the dominant ion 

pair was from well 113. All these wells are shallow 

(15 ft deep or less) and are near interstate highways. 

The presence of sodium chloride in water from 

these wells may indicate the effects of roadway 

deicing salts on shallow ground water in these 

areas.

Water from the four wells screened in confined 

sand aquifers in the eastern part of the study area 

was varied in chemical composition (fig. 6). Water 

from well 244-125 (S-0520) was a sodium bicarbonate water type, and water from well 230-138 

(S-010) was a sodium chloride type. Sodium 

also was the dominant cation in water from well 

234-142 (S-005). Water from well 105 (S-083) 

contained no dominant cation. Wells 234-142 and 

105 produced water containing bicarbonate and 

chloride in approximately equal percentages.

Tie differences in chemical composition 

of the water from these four wells is explained by 

the geohydrologic unit in which each well is 

screened. Wells 230-138, 234-142, and 244-125 

are screened in a deep (119-135 ft below land surface) sand and gravel unit referred to by Shedlock 

and others (1994, p. 17) as the "basal sand aquifer." 

The basal sand aquifer directly overlies the bedrock aifid is continuous east of the study area but 

is present only in scattered locations in the study 

area. "V^ell 105 is screened in a subtill aquifer that 

is stratigraphically higher than and separate from 

the basjal sand (Shedlock and others, 1994, p. 17). 

Because these sand aquifers are discontinuous, 

there i^ no reason to assume that their water chemistry w^uld be similar. Instead, the chemistry of 

the waier is determined by the position of the well 

screen in the ground-water-flow path and by the 

types of sediments to which the water was exposed.

Water from wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer was predominately a sodium bicarbonate 

type (fig. 7). Sodium was the dominant cation in 

water from 7 of the 10 wells in this aquifer. Water 

from ujell BH4D (S-055) was a calcium bicarbonate typ^, but it contained a substantial amount 

(38 peiicent) of magnesium. Water from wells BH6 

(S-054) and FILO5 (S-l26) contained no dominant 

cationsL Bicarbonate was the dominant anion in 

water from all wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer except FDLO5, which contained slightly 

more sulfate than bicarbonate.

Differences in water chemistry among wells in 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer can be explained by 

the position of the wells with respect to the groundwater-flow path. Wells BH4D and BH6 are shallow 

(less than 33 ft deep) and are in the part of the study 

area where the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is unconfined. Water from these wells is slightly acidic (pH 

less tha)n 7) and derives its chemistry primarily from 

recharge water that dissolves calcium and magnesium from the carbonate bedrock. The remaining 

wells in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer are relatively 

deep (more than 58 ft) and are in areas where the 

aquifer is confined. Except for FILO5, samples 

from these wells had water chemistry indicating 

that the water changes chemically as it moves 

deeper into the aquifer. Water from the deep wells

24 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
O

o <</ -V

Cl *^^ 

^^v ^^^ \ ^^

^ cf ^

# / ° Ca Ms

^ ^ ^T # ^ so S °4 n<-l

/ * *

^ Ca Mg +

J 0

-.. HCO, SO 4

+

^ HCO , 

1000 cp

cx ^ o ^

an ^V ^^ + 

^0 <? -' %

'" ^ ^

t ^o

^ <^

-^ ^

* Ta *

A ^

o %

Cl U 

Qx^

^ ^ 

4> & <9100 %^X 

^ rf O ^x<^

^ */ 80

V / so i x

c? ^ 60 ^

\^

& 60 -^ Q cy V -- ^ %

^^ (^ /. Ca Na -. O >-^ ^ " ° <^ fr HC()-' v SO, - A MV-^

^ 40./ Mg NO Mg ^ "^p 10Q & ° ( 80, NO Cl X40 ^

DOMINANT' , ^ «^" - ' DOMINANT

WATER-jTYPE -O ^ /^ A. WATER TYPE

20 ^ ^ <0 " -------- 20

: Ca ''Ca Na HN-I ' - ,S> ^> HCO 3 I1CCS Cl ci

>^ O <£>

CALCIUM CHLORIDE 

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENTS PER LITER

Figure 6. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in confined-sand aquifers 

in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

Laboratory Analyses 25
100 *\\

<<X V

Ca

% Q,

O 100^

Na

'a Mg 

0

HCO ; SO 4! Cl

I ICO 3 ° /(/

St o J. ^-> (J f^.

^^

\

%

MOO \

tf

r^ ^ £ ^

80 <§>, Na

Na

_

80

so

60

SO

20

% 100 *** /

Cl 40

20

1 a La Na

s cP <5L 5? C? c? O O

Ky

* °

rT'fe O c£j

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-1- -HO wO ^O Cb rs <V V- VD CQ r-^3

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENTS PER LITER

Figure 7. Principal ion chemistry of water from wells in th^ Silurian-Devonian aquifer in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

26 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is basic (pH 

greater than 7), an indication that the water has 

lost much of its capability to dissolve calcium 

and magnesium. The change in cation dominance 

results from preferential cation exchange when 

water that is saturated with dissolved calcium and 

magnesium comes into contact with clay minerals 

containing sodium (Freeze and Cherry, 1979, 

p. 287). Shale deposits that contain clay minerals 

are found within the bedrock in the study area 

(Shaver and others, 1986, p. 163-164; Willman, 

1971, p. 29-30).

Water from well FILO5 differs from water 

from the other wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer. This well, as shown in other sections of this 

report, produces water that contains large amounts 

of dissolved substances. Well FILO5 is 80 ft deep 

and is near a waste-disposal facility southwest of 

Lake Calumet. The chemistry of the water from 

this well probably is not indicative of any natural 

process occurring throughout the aquifer.

Acidity and Alkalinity

Acidity and alkalinity were determined for 

samples from 125 wells (table 16, appendix 3). 

Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of a solution 

to neutralize acids (Hem, 1985, p. 106). Acidity 

is a measure of a solution's capacity to neutralize 

bases. Alkalinities for all samples ranged from 

24.9 to 1,260 mg/L as calcium carbonate. Acidity 

was not detected in any samples.

The median alkalinity for water from the 

confining unit was slightly larger than median 

alkalinities for the three other geohydrologic units 

(table 17). Water from confined sand aquifers and 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer had the smallest 

median alkalinities. The largest range of alkalinities 

was in water from the confining unit. Only one 

well, FILO1 (S-123), produced water having an 

alkalinity larger than 1,000 mg/L. This well is 

near an area of waste disposal, southwest of Lake 

Calumet. Wells 230-24 (S-017), D-5A (S-020), 

W-1A (S-028), MW-5 (S-042), 110 (S-064), 

BIO (S-077), BH18S (S-091), BH18I (S-109), 

and WS7 (S-121) produced water having alkalinities less than 100 mg/L. Seven of these wells 

are screened in the Calumet aquifer, and two are 

screened in the confining unit.

Comparison of alkalinity values for water from 

17 sets of paired wells indicates that alkalinity generally decreased with increasing depth. Alkalinities 

were largest in water from shallow wells at 12 sites, 

largest in water from deep wells at 5 sites, and 

largest in water from an intermediate-depth well 

at 1 site.

Ammonia Nitrogen

Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were 

determined for water from 121 wells (table 16, 

appendix 3). Detected concentrations of ammonia 

nitrogen ranged from 0.1 mg/L in water from 

seven wells to 96 mg/L in water from well FTLO2 

(S-127). Ammonia nitrogen was not detected 

in 17 samples. Ammonia nitrogen was detected in 

concentrations larger than 10 mg/L in water from 

eight wells: II (S-032), 113 (S-033), A3 (S-044), 

110 (S-064), 18 (S-068), 12 (S-102), BH32 (S-l 10), 

and FILO2 (S-127). All of these wells are in or 

near areas of waste disposal or made or modified 

land. The second largest concentration of ammonia 

nitrogen was detected in water from well A3 

(S-044), which is in an industrial area north of 

the Grand Calumet River and east of Gary Harbor. 

Large concentrations of ammonia nitrogen could 

indicate contamination resulting from disposal of 

sewage or organic waste (Hem, 1985, p. 124).

Median concentrations among the four 

geohydrologic units were largest in water from 

the confining unit and smallest in water from the 

Silurian-Devonian aquifer (table 17). The median 

concentration for water from the Calumet aquifer 

was slightly larger than the median concentration 

for water from confined sand aquifers, an indication 

that concentrations of ammonia nitrogen may 

decrease with increasing depth. However, comparison of concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in 

water from paired wells indicates an increase

Laboratory Analyses 27
Table 17. Statistical summary of water-quality properties and con 

collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; n.d., not detected; <, less than]

ntrations of common ions in ground-water samples

Property 

or 

constituent

Acidity

Alkalinity

Ammonia nitrogen

Calcium

Chloride

Dissolved solids

Iron

Magnesium

Geohydrologic 

unit

All units

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

Number 

of 

samples

125

125

90

21

4

10

121

88

19

4

10

128

92

22

4

10

125

90

21

4

10

125

90

21

4

10

128

92

22

4

10

128

92

22

4

10

Median 

concentration 

(mg/L)

n.d.

249

249

304

196.5

201

.50

.55

1.30

.36

.30

112.5

108.5

202.5

41.2

15.1

37.8

34.4

188

131

33.2

674

650.5

21116

418

308

1.255

1.985

.242

.999

.1195

24.3

23.7

67.8

16.7

6.04

Minimum 

concentration 

(mg/L)

n.d.

24.9

24.9

53.7

176

160

<.01

<.01

<.01

.31

.10

5.58

10.7

5.58

20.2

9.18

1.4

1.4

13.0

18.5

21.1

95

95

259

266

218

.014

.014

<016

.295

.037

.046

.046

.051

6.85

3.97

Maximum 

concentration 

(mg/L)

n.d.

1,260

657

1,260

213

814

96

90.3

96

.6

.9

565

565

528

68.8

320

2,600

972

2,600

434

145

6,780

4,390

6,780

963

3,100

58.4

52.2

58.4

1.98

.654

794

301

794

24.9

265

28 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 17. Statistical summary of water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples 

collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Property 

or 

constituent

Manganese

Potassium

Silica

Sodium

Sulfate

Suspended solids

Total organic carbon

Geohydrologic 

unit

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

All units

Calumet aquifer

Confining unit

Confined sand aquifers

Silurian-Devonian aquifer

Number 

of 

samples

128

92

22

4

10

128

92

22

4

10

120

89

19

4

8

128

92

22

4

10

125

90

21

4

10

125

90

21

4

10

126

90

22

4

10

Median 

concentration 

(mg/L)

0.2175

.238

.337

.0368

.0101

4.58

4.56

10.2

1.92

3.11

16.2

16.5

19.0

11.75

10.6

53.7

36.2

182

95.65

70.3

78

77.5

264

<5

34

18.5

13.7

47.5

173

278

7.65

7.1

10.9

4

7.1

Minimum 

concentration 

(mg/L)

O.0016

<.0016

.002

.0208

.0029

.459

.459

2.47

1.23

2.08

3.2

3.2

3.4

10.9

7.43

1.11

1.11

21.9

74.1

15.0

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<3

<3

6.5

10

5

<2

<2

3.3

2.1

<2

Maximum 

concentration 

(mg/L)

3.33

3.33

2.46

.082

.335

161

161

135

2.32

8.14

51.8

51.8

34.0

13.1

13.0

1,450

570

1,450

243

279

3,850

2,070

3,850

<5

970

5,312

1,754

920

463

5,312

209

209

123

5.2

82.9

Laboratory Analyses 29
in concentrations with increasing depth. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were largest in 

water from deep wells at 10 sites and largest 

in water from shallow wells at 6 sites.

Calcium

Concentrations of calcium determined for 

samples from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3) 

ranged from 5.58 to 565 mg/L; the median concentration was 112.5 mg/L. Calcium was the dominant 

cation in water from 63 of the 125 wells for which 

percentages of cations and anions were calculated. 

Water from the confining unit had the largest 

median concentration and water from the SilurianDevonian aquifer had the smallest median concentration. The median concentration of calcium for 

water from confined sand aquifers was about half 

that of water from the Calumet aquifer (table 17).

Concentrations of calcium in water from 

paired wells show no consistent trend with depth. 

Concentrations of calcium were largest in water 

from shallow wells at 9 sites, largest in water from 

deep wells at 7 sites, and largest in water from an 

intermediate-depth well at 1 site.

Chloride

Concentrations of chloride determined for 

samples from 125 wells (table 16, appendix 3) 

ranged from 1.4 mg/L in water from well MW5 

(S-042) to 2,600 mg/L in water from well 12 

(S-102). The median concentration was 37.8 mg/L. 

Chloride was the dominant anion in water from 

22 of the 125 samples for which percentages of 

cations and anions were calculated. Chloride concentrations in water from 28 wells exceeded the 

SMCL of 250 mg/L. Six wells produced water 

containing concentrations of chloride larger than 

1,000 mg/L. Five of these wells are southwest of 

Lake Calumet near a wastewater-treatment facility. 

In addition, the six wells are shallow (15 ft deep 

or less), screened in the confining unit in areas containing fill, and near interstate highways, indicating 

the possibility of contamination of the shallow 

ground water by compounds in the fill materials 

and by highway deicing salts.

The median chloride concentration was largest 

for water from the confining unit and confined 

sand aquifers and smallest for water from the 

Calum|et and Silurian-Devonian aquifers (table 17). 

Water from the confining unit had the largest range 

of chloride concentrations, and water from the 

Silurian-Devonian aquifer had the smallest range 

of chloride concentrations. Chloride concentrations 

were largest in water from shallow wells at nine 

paired^well sites and were largest in water from 

deep wells at seven sites.

Dissolved Solids

Concentrations of dissolved solids were determined for water samples from 125 wells (table 16, 

appendix 3). Concentrations of dissolved solids 

ranged from 95 mg/L in water from well W-1A 

(S-028) to 6,780 mg/L in water from well 12 

(S-102): the median concentration was 674 mg/L 

(table 17). The largest median concentration of 

dissolved solids for the four geohydrologic units 

was fof water from the confining unit. Water from 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer had the smallest 

median concentration. Median concentrations for 

the corifining unit and the Calumet aquifer exceed 

the S1VCL of 500 mg/L. Comparison of dissolvedsolids concentrations for water from 16 paired wells 

indicates larger concentrations in shallow wells 

than in deep wells at these sites. Concentrations of 

dissolvted solids were largest in water from shallow 

wells at 10 sites and were largest in water from deep 

wells at 6 sites.

Wfater that is categorized as fresh generally 

contains concentrations of dissolved solids less 

than 1,000 mg/L. Water having concentrations of 

dissolved solids between 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L 

is categorized as brackish (Freeze and Cherry, 

1979, $. 84). On the basis of this classification, 

brackish water was found in 41 of the sampled 

wells, although concentrations of dissolved solids 

in 22 of those wells were less than 2,000 mg/L. The 

mediar} concentration of dissolved solids for water 

from the confining unit indicates brackish water in 

more than half of the wells sampled in this geohydrologic unit (table 17). Water from 11 wells had

30 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
concentrations of dissolved solids that exceeded 

3,000 mg/L. All these wells are near areas of waste 

disposal or filled land.

Iron

Detected concentrations of iron, determined 

for water from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3), 

ranged from 0.014 mg/L in water from well B2 

(S-048)to 58.4 mg/L in water from well II (S-032). 

The median iron concentration for all samples was 

1.26 mg/L (table 17). The median concentration for 

iron is larger than general concentrations shown 

for northwestern Indiana by Clark (1980, p. 84), 

although it is similar to concentrations reported 

elsewhere in Indiana. Iron was not detected in concentrations larger than 0.155 mg/L in water from 

four wells: BH1D (S-089), BH14 (S-094), BH12 

(S-097), and C2 (S-129). The SMCL for iron is 

0.3 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1992). This limit was exceeded in 83 samples; in 

59 samples, concentrations of iron were larger than 

five times the SMCL. The SMCL was exceeded in 

75 percent of the samples from confined sand aquifers, 70 percent of the samples from the Calumet 

aquifer, 59 percent of the samples from the confining unit, and 30 percent of the samples from 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer.

Magnesium

Concentrations of magnesium determined for 

water from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3) ranged 

from less than 0.046 mg/L in water from well BH31 

(S-036) to 794 mg/L in water from well FILO2 

(S-127). The median concentration for all samples 

was 24.4 mg/L. Magnesium was the dominant 

cation in only 2 of the 125 samples for which percentages of cations and anions were calculated. 

The concentration of magnesium in well FILO2 

was about 2.5 times that of the next largest magnesium concentration determined for this study. Well 

FILO2 is near an area of waste disposal southwest 

of Lake Calumet. Well BH31 produced the only 

sample in which magnesium was not detected. 

This well is in an area of slag-filled land near Wolf 

Lake. Water from this well had a pH of 12.1.

Depending on the dissolved concentration, temperature, and pressure, magnesium may precipitate 

from solution at pH greater than 6 and cannot 

remain in solution at pH greater than 12 (Stumm 

and Morgan, 1981, p. 272). Wells B2 (S-048), 

BH1D (S-089), C2 (S-128), and E7 (S-025) 

produced water in which pH was greater than 

10 and magnesium concentrations were less 

than 1 mg/L. Except for well BH1D, all these 

wells are in areas of slag disposal.

The median concentration of magnesium for 

water from the confining unit was 2.9 to 11.2 times 

the median concentrations for the three other 

geohydrologic units (table 17). Water from the 

Silurian-Devonian aquifer had the smallest median 

concentration of magnesium. The range of magnesium concentrations was largest in water from the 

confining unit and smallest in water from confined 

sand aquifers. Among paired wells, concentrations 

of magnesium were largest in water from shallow 

wells at 11 sites and largest in water from deep 

wells at 5 sites. At a site where three wells were 

sampled, the concentration of magnesium was 

largest in water from the intermediate-depth well.

Manganese

Concentrations of manganese were determined 

for water from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3). 

Manganese was not detected in water from six 

wells: B7 (S-069), BIO (S-077), 106 (S-084), and 

BH1D (S-089), E2 (S-014), and BH31 (S-036). 

Detected concentrations of manganese ranged 

from 0.002 mg/L in water from well C2 (S-129) 

to 3.33 mg/L in water from well C18 (S-076). The 

median manganese concentration for all samples 

exceeded the SMCL of 0.05 mg/L established for 

manganese by USEPA (1992). The SMCL was 

exceeded in water from 92 wells and was detected 

at five times the SMCL in water from 43 wells. The 

SMCL was exceeded in 86 percent of the samples 

from wells in the confining unit, 75 percent of the 

samples from wells in the Calumet aquifer, 50 percent of the samples from wells in confined sand 

aquifers, and 20 percent of the samples from wells 

in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer.

Laboratory Analyses 31
Median concentrations of manganese were 

similar for water from the confining unit and Calumet aquifer (table 17) but were much larger than 

median concentrations for the Silurian-Devonian 

and confined sand aquifers; this pattern indicates 

a decrease in manganese concentrations with an 

increase in depth. However, comparison of manganese concentrations in water from 17 sets of paired 

wells indicates no apparent trend. Concentrations of 

manganese are largest in water from shallow wells 

at eight sites, largest in water from deep wells at 

seven sites, and largest in water from intermediatedepth wells at two sites.

Potassium

Concentrations of potassium for samples 

from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3) ranged from 

0.459 mg/L in water from well LK13 (S-l 18) to 

161 mg/L in water from well B2 (S-048). The 

median potassium concentration for all samples 

was 4.58 mg/L. Potassium was not detected in the 

abundance that other common cations (such as 

calcium and sodium) were detected, nor was it 

the dominant cation in any of the 125 samples for 

which percentages of cations and anions were 

calculated. Potassium was detected in concentrations larger than 100 mg/L in water from only three 

wells: B2 (S-048), D25 (S-037), and 113 (S-033). 

All of these wells are in industrial areas or areas 

of made or modified land.

Of the four geohydrologic units, the confining 

unit had the largest median concentration of potassium, and confined sand aquifers had the smallest 

median concentration (table 17). The largest range 

of potassium concentrations was in water from 

the Calumet aquifer, and the smallest range was 

in water from confined sand aquifers. Comparison 

of potassium concentrations in water from paired 

wells indicates a general increase in potassium concentrations with increasing depth. Concentrations 

of potassium were largest in water from shallow 

wells at 5 sites, largest in water from deep wells at 

10 sites, and largest in water from an intermediatedepth well at 2 sites.

Silica

Concentrations of silica determined for 

water from 120 wells (table 16, appendix 3) ranged 

from 3.2 mg/L in water from well B2 (S-048) to 

51.8 mg/L in water from well WS7 (S-121); the 

median concentration was 16.2 mg/L. The largest 

median concentration of silica was water from the 

confining unit and the largest range of concentrations were in water from the Calumet aquifer 

(table 17). The smallest median concentration of 

silica was in water from the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer. The smallest range of silica concentrations 

was inj water from confined sand aquifers. Comparison of silica concentrations in water from 

15 sets of paired wells indicates that the largest 

concentrations were generally in water from 

shallow wells at these sites. Silica concentrations 

were largest in water from shallow wells at 10 

sites, largest in water from deep wells at 4 sites, 

and larlgest in water from an intermediate-depth 

well at 1 site.

Sodium

Concentrations of sodium determined for 

samples from 128 wells (table 16, appendix 3) 

ranged from 1.11 mg/L in water from well MW5 

(S-042) to 1,450 mg/L in water from well 13 

(S-0861). The median concentration for all samples 

was 53.7 mg/L. Sodium was the dominant cation 

in wat^r from 27 of the 125 samples for which percentag^s of cations and anions were calculated.

Tljie largest median concentration of sodium 

among the four geohydrologic units was for water 

from tlfie confining unit (table 17). Water from 

the Ca|umet aquifer had the smallest median concentration of sodium. The largest range of sodium 

concentrations was in water from the confining 

unit, and the smallest range was in water from 

confined sand aquifers. Comparison of sodium 

concentrations in water from paired wells indicates 

no consistent trend in concentration related to depth 

of wellj. Concentrations of sodium were largest in 

water fjrom shallow wells at seven sites, largest 

in watejr from the deep wells at nine sites, and 

largest in water from an intermediate-depth well 

at one ^ite.

32 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Sulfate

Concentrations of sulfate determined for water 

from 125 wells (table 16, appendix 3) ranged from 

not detected (less than 5 mg/L) in water from 21 

wells to 3,850 mg/L in water from well FILO2 

(S-127). The median sulfate concentration for all 

samples was 78 mg/L. Sulfate was the dominant 

anion in water from 22 of the 125 samples for which 

percentages of cations and anions were calculated. 

Sulfate concentrations exceeded the 250-mg/L 

SMCL in water from 32 wells and exceeded 

1,000 mg/L in water from 8 wells. Except for 

well BH29 (S-038), these wells are in industrial 

areas, near waste disposal, or in areas of made or 

modified land.

Among the four geohydrologic units, the 

median concentration of sulfate and the range 

of sulfate concentrations were largest for water 

from the confining unit. Water from confined 

sand aquifers had the smallest median concentration. Sulfate was not detected in water from any 

of the wells in confined sand aquifers and was not 

detected in at least one sample from each of the 

other three geohydrologic units. Comparison of 

sulfate concentrations in water from 16 sets of 

paired wells indicates that sulfate concentrations 

were largest in water from shallow wells at 12 sites 

and largest in water from deep wells at 4 sites.

Suspended Solids

Concentrations of suspended solids were 

determined for 125 water samples (table 16, 

appendix 3). Suspended solids were not detected 

in 18 samples. Detected concentrations ranged 

from 3 mg/L in water from well C4 (S-105) to 

5,312 mg/L in water from well 12 (S-102); the 

median concentration was 18.5 mg/L (table 17). 

Of the 18 samples in which suspended solids were 

not detected, 17 were from wells screened in the 

Calumet aquifer and 1 was from a well screened 

in a confined sand aquifer. Suspended-solids concentrations may be more indicative of conditions 

in the immediate vicinity of a well more than they 

represent a characteristic of ground-water quality.

A well having a poorly sized well screen or in 

the case of some bedrock wells, no screen may 

yield water having larger concentrations of suspended solids than a well that properly has been 

screened and developed.

Median concentrations of suspended solids 

were largest for water from the Silurian-Devonian 

and confined sand aquifers. Comparison of 

suspended-solids concentrations in water from 

16 paired wells also indicates a general increase 

in suspended solids with an increase in well depth. 

Concentrations of suspended solids were largest in 

water from deep wells at 13 sites and were largest 

in water from shallow wells at 3 sites.

Total Organic Carbon

Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) 

were determined for water from 126 wells 

(table 16, appendix 3). Detected concentrations 

ranged from 2.1 mg/L in water from wells 

BH15 (S-063) and 105 (S-083) to 209 mg/L in 

water from well BH32 (S-l 10). TOC was not 

detected in water from nine wells. The median 

TOC concentration for all samples was 7.65 mg/L. 

Water from four wells 113 (S-033), BH32 

(S-l 10), 120 (S-l 19), and FILO2 (S-127) had 

concentrations of TOC larger than 100 mg/L. 

These wells are located around Lake Calumet 

in areas of made or modified land or near wastedisposal sites.

TOC is a measurement of the organic content 

of the water sample. All natural water contains 

organic compounds in the form of humic and fulvic 

acids. Generally, concentrations in ground water 

are small, 0.1 to 10 mg/L (Freeze and Cherry, 1979, 

p. 86). Larger concentrations may indicate contamination by organic compounds at waste-disposal 

sites (Hem, 1985, p. 152). Organic material can 

affect water chemistry by changing pH and by 

modifying the adsorption of metals on sediments 

(Drever, 1982, p. 304-305).

Among the four geohydrologic units, the 

median concentration of TOC was largest for water 

from the confining unit and smallest for water from 

confined sand aquifers. Water from the SilurianDevonian and Calumet aquifers had similar median

Laboratory Analyses 33
concentrations. Concentrations of TOC at 17 

sets of paired wells indicate no apparent trend 

with depth. TOC concentrations were largest in 

water from shallow wells at 7 sites and largest 

in water from deep wells at 10 sites.

Trace Elements and Cyanide

Trace elements are natural substances that 

are present in the earth's crust in varied amounts. 

In water, they generally are found at much smaller 

concentrations than are the common ions. Human 

activities can increase concentrations of trace elements through industrial processes that use these 

substances and through disposal of waste that 

contains trace elements. The solubility of trace 

elements depends on the characteristics of the individual element and on other properties of water, 

such as pH; however, all are at least somewhat 

soluble in water and therefore are potential groundwater contaminants. Cyanide is a carbon-nitrogen 

compound that can occur naturally, although it 

is commonly associated with various industrial 

processes and has been used widely as a pesticide. 

The presence of cyanide in ground water may indicate waste disposal (Hem, 1985, p. 124).

Results of analyses for 17 trace elements 

and cyanide are listed in table 18 (appendix 3) 

and are summarized in table 19. All samples 

contained at least one trace element. Except for 

silver, each trace element was detected in at least 

one sample. Arsenic, barium, lead, mercury, and 

thallium were detected in more than half of the 

samples. Barium, the most frequently detected 

trace element, was found in all but one sample. 

Aluminum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc 

were detected in 25 to 50 percent of the samples. 

Cobalt, copper, and cyanide were detected in 10 

to 24 percent of the samples. Antimony, beryllium, 

cadmium, and chromium were detected in less than 

10 percent of the samples.

Although 16 trace elements and cyanide 

were detected in samples from wells screened in the 

Calumet aquifer, trace elements were detected in a

larger jercentage of samples from wells screened 

in the confining unit than from wells completed in 

the otrier three geohydrologic units. The confining 

unit consists of fine-grained sediments, including 

clay particles that can attract many trace elements 

through i°n exchange and molecular bonds (Freeze 

and Crjerry, 1979, p. 127). The Calumet aquifer, 

confined sand aquifers, and Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer contain a much smaller percentage of clay 

particles than the confining unit. Therefore, the 

larger )ercentage of detections in samples from 

wells screened in the confining unit probably 

represents trace elements that are concentrated in 

these sediments by natural processes.

Detected concentrations for each trace element 

from all of the wells in the study area were ranked 

from lowest to highest; the ranks for each sample 

were sifimmed to allow comparison among samples 

and provide a means of illustrating the distribution 

of trac^ elements in the study area. This method was 

selected because the trace elements have varied toxicities which make direct comparison misleading. 

For example, arsenic is more toxic than copper, 

which is more toxic than zinc. Silver is not included 

in this analysis because it was not detected in any 

samples. Thallium is not included because the 

results for this trace element are incomplete, as 

explained later in this report.

The distribution of trace elements (fig. 8) 

indicates that the largest concentrations were in 

samplfis from wells in areas south of and between 

Lake Calumet and Wolf Lake. Water from several 

wells ip residential areas south of the Grand Calumet River and in the northwest part of the study 

area had moderate concentrations of trace elements. 

Moderate concentrations also were detected in samples frcj>m wells along the Lake Michigan shoreline 

and along the Grand Calumet River in the central 

part of'the study area. Many of the samples having 

large concentrations of trace elements were from 

wells iji industrial areas or near areas of waste disposal or fill, an indication that contamination of 

grounc water by trace elements has resulted from 

human activities.

34 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 19. Maximum Contaminant Levels and Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels for selected trace elements and cyanid

ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[ug/L, microgram per liter; , no regulation, n.d., no data. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992]

Laboratory 

quantitation 

limits 

(smallest amount 

detectable) 

Element (ug/L)

u 

or 

o 

3

o

3 

2L

(0 

(0 

(0

Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic

Barium

Beryllium

Cadmium

Chromium

Cobalt

Copper

Cyanide

Lead

Mercury

Nickel

Selenium

Silver

Thallium

Vanadium

Zinc

aProposed. 

In review.

20.9-23.5

15.7-17.9

1.7-2.7

5

.5-1.2

1.5-1.7

5.1-5.8

2.5-3.8

4 -4.2

10

1.1-3.8

.1

4.7-6.1

2.3-3.7

3.8-5

1.1-7

2.6- 3.3

2.6-3.7

Number of wells 

for which 

element 

was detected 

in sample

54

2

69

127

2

1

11

14

31

17

68

69

36

32

0

71

41

43

Range Secondary 

of Maximum Maximum 

detected Contaminant Contaminant 

concentrations Level Level

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)

21.3-7,280 - 50

19.6- 20.1 5 a

1.7- 292 50b

5 - 690 2,000

.77- 1.5 l a

n.d. 5

5.2- 116 100

2.8- 51.2

4 -1,660 1,300C 1,000

10.7- 230 200a

1.1- 54.2 15 C

.1- 1.1 2

4.8- 376 100a

2.3- 17.2 50

n.d. - 100

1.1- 6 l a

3 - 52.7

3.8-1,090 -- 5,000

N

exc

Ma

Con

C U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action level.
41°40'

41°35'

o3

03

6 o O'

O 10 5 Q4 ^

7r^° ^ l?k

\J~-i Cdtui 3 ° ?-> rf-J^'

_ 12/-~v_-Q U -.-^ (_}- 0 ^Sp

___,^ 0 ?£

^.^z'--' ~~^4 O

~ ^-a^"" __ .- _ -TV\

\\\ _ /

^

1

( __ ^_ /'

'

- /" j

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{T .

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000, 1991Albers Equal Area projectionStandard parallels 29°30' and 45°30'. Central meridian -86°

87°30' 87°15'

7° J Calumet

Harbor

Q4 }^:' EXPLANATION

*-»" " ;

 If. 6(? O WELL LOCATION-Number is number of trace elements 2 o DC '." 4

3 Q 8 2 3 O 6 n « ° <3

6 P ,^4 "o t; U o ^T CJ iet 14 o

Q O 5 °

detected; size of circle represents sum of ranked

£> v concentrations for 15 trace elements

<y 0 2 !x Indiana .- ^ 

"«"'; 40 - Harbor ^,. / "\

O A i ' ^ - ' ^

3 .--' *-' ' \ ' f-. .' tt /o \ -j O7 V ^W^,. w tafce George

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\

te /^\ T / v N "rv oo 6 '>6

i 2 6 4 .Cr V--' Burns

6 0 vp "\ Buffington Harbor ..-- 03 ^-v^ ^ ^ Harbor Lake Michigan ^ ^--- 6 0

" °3 70 RQ - x 1 0 4 0

° 1 § 6° '-.;> T^-^\ it" ' "

V ! J 5 ^""---^_ Gary Harbor _..-- O 1[ " 3o

r~"X'Q 3 >S "* "~ ---"i -- ~~T"~3' C ") 3 i

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o 1 ' " ==i=*' O- x '; i^T >-., _ ,-' "^» . ^- ^)- ° BO fh 6 /

° 3 _-5 cO" 6°o 5 3 o7' BO °" " w I J^-^"'' X

 ~Cd/u/Mei

L ^ \ ")

1. O 6 40 '^ ;

0 5 7 ° .'OS ^ '""".* t X '-i j ]""

'-^J '" ' 3 o ^::!'"r" s l 6 /^'' ^-"'' -rw V ' ' 'o

.£

t

^*- Riuer / - v,,./ L -' r^ «lS ? ^ J ^ \ < "^/^ v v.4,^.< \vrr~" 7 iff /o / / .-- * i w '' J 1. % -O A^-^- ' sj ^\ , Lime ^/ ( ^x"^-"1 JS ® ^ .^ ,' % v

j£ ' 'X\ -,,._, _/^'' ^-^.^ rV,' ^ -... ,, "'' "'' j_ ,.-; i '' ''-- \ ^'} - --,_.. '~- .

012345 MILLS

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

012345 KILOMETERS

Figure 8. Distribution of trace elements in round water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

36 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwester i Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Aluminum Arsenic

Aluminum was detected in 54 water samples: 

36 from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

14 from wells in the confining unit, and 4 from 

wells in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Aluminum 

was not detected in any of the samples from confined sand aquifers. Detected concentrations of 

aluminum ranged from 21.3 jig/L for wells BH28 

(S-071) and C3 (S-104) to 7,280 ug/L for well 120 

(S-l 19). Small concentrations, less than 50 |ig/L, 

were detected in samples from wells throughout the 

study area. The largest concentrations of aluminum, 

more than 500 jig/L, were detected in samples from 

several wells near and south of Lake Calumet 

and Wolf Lake and at well B2 (S-048) along the 

Lake Michigan shoreline in the central part of 

the study area. Aluminum concentrations ranging 

from 50 to 500 jag/L were detected in samples from 

other wells near Lake Calumet and Wolf Lake, 

from three wells in the central part of the study area, 

and from five wells in the eastern part of the study 

area. The SMCL for aluminum, 50 jig/L, (table 19) 

was exceeded in 29 water samples: 18 from wells in 

the Calumet aquifer, 8 from wells in the confining 

unit, and 3 from wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer.

Antimony

Antimony was detected in samples from wells 

B7 (S-069) and D67 (S-072), at concentrations 

of approximately 20 jig/L. These wells are completed in the Calumet aquifer and are approximately 

4.5 mi apart on the south side of the Grand Calumet 

River in the central part of the study area (fig. 2). 

Both wells are less than 11 ft deep and are paired 

with adjacent deep wells that produced samples 

in which antimony was not detected. The detected 

concentrations exceeded the proposed MCL of 

5 jig/L; however, because the laboratory quantitation limit for antimony is also larger than 5 jig/L, 

it is not known if concentrations in other samples 

may have exceeded the proposed MCL (table 19).

Arsenic was detected in samples from 

69 wells: 48 completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

14 in the confining unit, 4 in confined sand 

aquifers, and 3 in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. 

Detected concentrations ranged from 1.7 jag/L 

in water from well E6 (S-024) to 292 jig/L in 

water from well 115 (S-051). Concentrations in 

14 of the samples were between the two quantitation limits, 1.7 and 2.7 (ag/L, reported by the 

laboratory. Arsenic was detected in samples from 

wells throughout the study area; however, twothirds of these samples were from wells located 

in industrial and commercial areas between the 

Indiana Harbor Canal and the area west of Lake 

Calumet. The three largest concentrations, 73, 127, 

and 292 |ag/L, were detected in samples from wells 

116 (S-059), 114 (S-035), and 115 (S-051), all of 

which are between Lake Calumet and the Calumet 

River (fig. 2). These wells are less than 15 ft deep 

and are completed in the Calumet aquifer in an area 

of fill and near waste disposal. Arsenic concentrations in these samples exceeded the proposed MCL 

for arsenic (table 19).

Comparison of arsenic concentrations at 

14 sites where there are paired wells indicates 

no consistent trend with depth except at 3 sites 

in the eastern part of the study area where wells 

are screened in confined sand aquifers. Samples 

from wells 230-128 (S-010), 244-125 (S-052), 

and 105 (S-083) contained arsenic concentrations 

larger than 10 jig/L. Arsenic was not detected in any 

samples from the shallow wells at these sites. The 

sample from well 230-58 (S-003), an intermediatedepth well, contained an arsenic concentration 

between those of the shallow well and deep well 

at that site. The detection of arsenic in the confined 

sand aquifer may indicate upward flow from the 

underlying shale bedrock in this area.

Barium

Barium was detected in samples from all wells 

except FILO6 (S-l28), a 19-ft-deep well completed 

in the confining unit. Detected concentrations 

ranged from 5 jig/L in water from well B7 (S-069) 

to 690 jag/L in water from well II (S-032).

Laboratory Analyses 37
Samples from wells screened in the confining unit 

generally had larger concentrations of barium than 

did samples from wells in the Calumet, confined 

sand, or Silurian-Devonian aquifers. The median 

detected concentration was 105 |ug/L for samples from wells completed in the confining unit, 

73.3 |ug/L for samples from wells in confined 

sand aquifers, 56.6 |ug/L for samples from wells 

in the Calumet aquifer, and 24.1 jig/L for samples 

from wells in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. The 

MCL for barium, 2,000 ng/L, was not exceeded in 

any samples (table 19); only two wells, II (S-032) 

and B2 (S-048), produced samples containing 

concentrations of barium larger than 500 jig/L, 

or 25 percent of the MCL. Well II is in an area of 

modified land near waste treatment and disposal 

south of Lake Calumet. Well B2 is in an industrial 

area along Lake Michigan in the central part of the 

study area (fig. 2).

Beryllium

Beryllium was detected in samples from wells 

235-45 (S-041) and 120 (S-l 19). The sample from 

well 235-45 contained 0.77 |ug/L; the sample 

from well 120 contained 1.5 |ug/L. The detected 

concentrations are similar to the two quantitation 

limits (0.5 and 1.2 jig/L) reported by the laboratory 

(table 19). Well 235-45 is screened in the Calumet 

aquifer at a depth of 42 feet and is in a residential 

area in the east-central part of the study area. Well 

120 is screened in the Calumet aquifer at a depth of 

15 ft in an area west of the Calumet River that may 

be affected by local dumping. The concentration of 

beryllium detected in the sample from 120 exceeded 

the proposed MCL of 1 |j.g/L (table 19). It is not 

known if other samples may have exceeded the proposed MCL because the quantitation limit was 

larger than the MCL for some of the samples.

Cadmium

Cadmium was detected in the sample from 

well BH14 (S-094) at a concentration of 2 |ag/L. 

Well BH14 is screened at a depth of 19 ft in the

Calumet aquifer and is in a residential area in the 

central part of the study area (fig. 2). The detected 

concentration of cadmium does not exceed the 

MCL (table 19).

Chromium

Chromium was detected in samples from 

11 wells: 5 are completed in the Calumet aquifer 

and 6 are in the confining unit. Chromium was 

not detected in any samples from the confined 

sand ot Silurian-Devonian aquifers. Detected 

concentrations ranged from 5.2 |ng/L in water from 

well C^5 (S-075) to 116 |ug/L in water from well 

BH7I ($-061). The smallest detected concentration, 

5.2 |ng/L, is within the range of the two quantitation 

limits (5.1 and 5.8 |ug/L) reported by the laboratory 

(table 19). The majority of chromium detections 

were ift samples from wells in industrial areas or 

near areas of fill or waste disposal; however, samples from wells BH2 (S-092) and D75 (S-l 16), 

located in residential areas, had chromium concentration of 9.7 and 11 |ug/L. The MCL for chromium 

was exceeded in only one sample (table 19).

Cobalt

Cobalt was detected in 14 samples: 6 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

7 from wells in the confining unit, and 1 from a 

well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. All the wells 

are we^t of the Indiana Harbor Canal. All but three 

of the wells are near Lake Calumet. Six of the 

detected concentrations were between the two 

quantitation limits reported by the laboratory for 

cobalt (2.5 and 3.8 |ug/L). The largest concentration, 51.2 |ug/L, was detected in the sample from 

well FILO2 (S-l27), a 29-ft-deep well screened 

in the confining unit near an area of waste disposal. 

The smallest detected concentration was 2.8 |ug/L 

in the samples from well D75 (S-l 16) located in 

a residential area south of the Grand Calumet River 

in the v/est-central part of the study area (fig. 2).

38 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiarui and Northeastern Illinois
Copper

Copper was detected in 31 samples: 17 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

13 from wells in the confining unit, and 1 from a 

well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Copper was 

detected at concentrations of less than 20 jig/L in 

23 of the samples. Most samples in which copper 

was detected were from wells in industrial areas or 

in areas of made or modified land including waste 

disposal around Lake Calumet, along the Calumet 

River, and west of Wolf Lake. The largest concentration, 1,660 |ig/L, was detected in the sample 

from well 18 (S-068), a 14-ft-deep well completed 

in the confining unit in a filled area near industry 

and a wastewater-treatment facility southwest of 

Lake Calumet. Copper was not detected in the 

sample from well 19 (S-067), an 11-ft-deep well 

near 18. The copper concentration in the sample 

from well 18 exceeded the SMCL and the USEPA 

action level for copper (table 19). No other samples 

exceeded these concentrations, although samples 

from four wells BH13 (S-096), BH16S (S-l 15), 

122 (S-087), and 13 (S-086) contained concentrations of 100, 106, 268, and 907 ^ig/L. Well 13 is 

southwest of Lake Calumet near an area of wastewater treatment. Wells BH13 and 122 are in 

residential areas, and well BH16S is in an area 

that was formerly a rail yard. Samples from wells 

BH12 (S-097), BH13 (S-096), and BH19 (S-095), 

located in a residential area south of the Grand Calumet River and west of Gary Harbor, contained 

concentrations of 61.4, 100, and 40.1 |ig/L.

Cyanide

Cyanide was detected in 17 samples: 15 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

1 from a well in the confining unit, and 1 from 

a well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Detected 

concentrations ranged from 10.7 jig/L in water 

from well 120 (S-l 19) to 230 fig/L in water from 

well E6 (S-024). Cyanide was detected in water 

from wells in industrial and commercial areas 

or near areas of waste disposal in the central and

western parts of the study area. Concentrations 

in two samples, E6 (S-024) and BH33 (S-013), exceeded the proposed MCL for cyanide of 200 |j,g/L 

(table 19). These wells are south and north of 

Wolf Lake in areas of modified land (fig. 2). The 

presence of cyanide in the water samples indicates 

contamination.

Lead

Lead was detected in samples from 65 wells: 

44 completed in the Calumet aquifer, 14 in the confining unit, and 7 in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. 

Detected concentrations ranged from 1.1 jig/L in 

water from wells W-3 (S-080) and E5 (S-l 07) to 

54.2 fig/L in water from well 120 (S-l 19). Lead 

was detected in water from wells throughout the 

study area. The largest concentrations (greater than 

10 |ig/L) were detected in samples from wells near 

areas of waste disposal around Lake Calumet; however, a relatively large concentration, 17.7 |ig/L, 

was detected in water from well BH6 (S-054), a 

2 1 -ft-deep well completed in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer and located in a residential area. Lead concentrations in water from two wells, BH6 (S-054) 

and 120 (S-l 19), exceeded the USEPA action level 

of 1

Comparison of detected concentrations 

of lead for samples from 14 sites having paired 

wells indicates no apparent trend in concentrations 

with depth. At seven sites, concentrations were 

largest in samples from the shallow well; at six 

sites, concentrations were largest in samples from 

the deep well; and at one site (BH18), concentrations were the same, 1.9 jig/L, in samples from 

the shallow, intermediate, and deep wells.

Mercury

Mercury was detected in 69 samples: 46 from 

wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 13 from 

wells in the confining unit, 3 from wells in confined 

sand aquifers, and 7 from wells in the SilurianDevonian aquifer. Fifty two samples contained 

mercury concentrations less than 0.2 |ig/L.

Laboratory Analyses 39
Detected concentrations ranged from the quantitation limit, 0.1 (ig/L, in samples from wells 

230-128 (S-010), 230-24 (S-017), andE6 (S-024) 

to 1.1 jig/L in samples from wells B2 (S-048) 

and 12 (S-102). Well B2 is on the Lake Michigan 

shoreline in an industrial area in the central part 

of the study area (fig. 2). Well 12 is in an area of 

modified land southwest of Lake Calumet. Two 

other samples contained concentrations of mercury 

larger than 0.5 (ig/L: the sample from well C25 

(S-075) contained 0.71 jig/L and the sample 

from well 120 (SI 19) contained 0.59 jig/L. Both 

wells are near areas of waste disposal. The largest 

concentration detected in water from wells completed in confined sand aquifers was 0.15 jig/L 

for well 244-125 (S-052). The largest detected 

concentration in water from wells in the SilurianDevonian aquifer was 0.24 jig/L for well FILO1 

(S-123). Mercury concentrations did not exceed 

the MCL of 2 jig/L (table 19).

Many of the detections of mercury in the 

samples were flagged as estimated by the USEPA 

quality-assurance audit as a result of potential 

contamination. The laboratory reported detections 

of mercury in calibration blanks at concentrations 

ranging from 0.1 to 1 |ig/L; therefore, the reported 

detections of less than 1 ^ig/L of mercury may represent nondetection.

Mercury was detected in at least one sample at 

11 sites having paired wells. Concentrations at three 

sites were largest in the sample from the shallow 

well, concentrations at five sites were largest in the 

sample from the deep well, and concentrations at 

one site were the same in samples from the shallow 

and deep wells. At two sites, the largest mercury 

concentration was in the sample from the wells 

completed at an intermediate depth.

Nickel

Nickel was detected in 36 samples: 21 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

14 from wells in the confining unit, and 1 from 

a well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Detected 

concentrations ranged from 4.8 jig/L in the sample from well BH18I (S-109) to 376 (ig/L in

the sample from well FILO4 (S-125). Except for 

the lowest detection, all samples in which nickel 

was detected had concentrations larger than the 

largest! quantitation limit, 6.1 (ig/L, reported by 

the laboratory (table 19). The proposed MCL, 

100 (ig/L, was exceeded in samples from wells 

Al (S-I049), BH7I (S-061), BH13 (S-096), FILO2 

(S-12^), FILO4 (S-125), and FILO5 (S-126). 

Wells JHLO2, FILO4, and FILO5 are in an area 

of waste disposal southwest of Lake Calumet. 

Well Al is in an industrial area near Gary Harbor. 

Well BH13 is in a residential area south of the 

Grand iCalumet River near Gary Harbor, and well 

BH7I |s in a natural area along and east of the 

Calumet River (fig. 2).

At 10 sites having paired wells, nickel was 

detected in a sample from at least one well. At five 

of the sites, the largest concentrations were detected 

in water from the shallow well, whereas concentrations a; three sites were larger in water from the 

deep wells. At two sites, nickel concentrations were 

detected in the sample from the well completed at 

an intermediate depth but not in samples from the 

shallow or the deep well.

Selenium

Selenium was detected in 32 samples: 22 

from Wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

9 from wells in the confining unit, and 1 from a 

well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Seventeen 

samples had concentrations within the range of the 

quantitation limits (2.3-3.7 |ig/L) reported by the 

laboratory. Detected concentrations ranged from 

2.3 [ig/L in the sample from well LK13 (S-l 18) 

to 17.2 [ig/L in the sample from well Cl (S-l06). 

Selenium concentrations exceeded 10 (ig/L in samples from two other wells, B2 (S-048) and Al 

(S-049). These wells and well Cl are in industrial 

areas a ong the Lake Michigan shoreline in the central part of the study area (fig. 2). Selenium was 

detected in samples from wells in residential areas 

at concentrations as large as 8.6 jig/L in the sample 

from Well BH2 (S-092). The MCL of 50 ^g/L was 

not excjeeded in any sample (table 19).

40 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Silver

Silver was not detected in samples from 

any of the wells. The quantitation limits reported 

by the laboratory for silver are 3.8 and 5 |-ig/L. 

In all, 46 samples were analyzed at the lower limit, 

and 82 were analyzed at the higher limit.

Thallium

Thallium was detected in 71 samples: 51 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

14 from wells in the confining unit, and 3 each 

from wells in confined sand and the SilurianDevonian aquifers. All detected concentrations are 

between the range of laboratory quantitation limits, 

1.1 to 7 jig/L, reported for thallium. The laboratory 

reported having difficulties with the thallium analyses. The laboratory calibration blanks contained 

concentrations of thallium ranging from 1.5 to 

2.5 jig/L. Of the 71 samples in which thallium was 

detected, 50 samples had concentrations of thallium 

less than 2.5 j^g/L, and 55 concentrations were reported as estimated. The largest concentration of 

thallium that was not estimated was 2.8 |-ig/L.

Thallium was not detected in samples from 

32 wells; the laboratory reported interference with 

thallium detections that resulted in unreliable data 

for an additional 25 samples. As a result of the 

quantitation limits, the proposed MCL for thallium, 

1 |o.g/L, was exceeded in all samples in which 

thallium was detected (table 19). The reported 

detections could indicate widespread occurrence 

of thallium in the study area; however, because 

of the analytical problems, these concentrations 

are probably not representative of ground-water 

quality.

Vanadium

Vanadium was detected in samples from 

41 wells: 31 from wells completed in the Calumet 

aquifer, 9 from wells in the confining unit, and 

1 from a well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. 

The laboratory reported two quantitation limits

for vanadium, 2.6 and 3.3 M-g/L. Nine of the 

detected concentration values were between these 

limits. The detected concentrations ranged from 

3 |^g/L in the samples from wells BH13 (S-096) 

and BH27 (S-047) to 52.7 |^g/L in the sample 

from well BH18S (S-091). Most samples in 

which vanadium was detected were from wells 

in the western part of the study area; however, 

concentrations less than 10 |j,g/L were detected 

in water from wells at scattered locations in 

the central and eastern parts of the study area. The 

largest concentrations, greater than 10 |o.g/L, were 

detected in samples from wells in or near industrial 

areas, areas of waste disposal, or areas of made 

or modified land.

Zinc

Zinc was detected in 43 samples: 20 from 

wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 17 

from wells in the confining unit, 2 from wells 

in confined sand aquifers, and 4 from wells in 

the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Detected concentrations ranged from 3.8 jo,g/L in the sample from well 

115 (S-051) to 1,090 |^g/L in the sample from 

well 25 (S-027). The relatively large concentrations, 411 to 1,090 |o.g/L, in samples from wells 

25 (S-027), 230-24 (S-017), D-5A (S-020), and 

24 (S-026) in the eastern part of the study area do 

not indicate concentrations of zinc in the aquifer 

because the wells are constructed of galvanized 

casing that is contributing zinc to the water sample. 

Disregarding the wells that have galvanized casing, 

the largest concentration of zinc was detected in 

the sample from well 13 (S-086), a 13-ft-deep well 

completed in the confining unit and located in an 

area of modified land near waste disposal south 

of Lake Calumet (fig. 2). Concentrations of zinc 

larger than 100 |ig/L also were detected in samples from wells 19 (S-067), 120 (S-l 19), and 122 

(S-087). Well 19 is in an area of made land and 

well 120 is near waste disposal, but well 122 is in 

a residential area west of Wolf Lake. The largest 

concentration in samples from wells in confined 

sand aquifers was 14.1 |ag/L for well 244-125 

(S052). Zinc was not detected in the sample

Laboratory Analyses 41
from the shallow well at this site. The largest 

concentration in samples from wells in the 

Silurian-Devonian aquifer was 58.8 ^ig/L for 

well FILO1 (S-123), located in an area of waste 

disposal. The detected concentrations of zinc 

do not exceed the SMCL (table 19).

Volatile Organic Compounds

Water samples were analyzed for the presence 

of 33 VOC's on the USEPA's target compound list 

(table 20, appendix 3). Additionally, several tentatively identified VOC's that are not on the target 

compound list were detected during the laboratory 

analysis (table 21, appendix 3). The quantitation 

limit was 10 ^ig/L for most samples; however, 

samples from wells D20 (S-022), A3 (S-044), and 

12 (S-102) were diluted by the laboratory and have 

quantitation limits ranging from 33 to 120 (J,g/L. 

Samples from wells 13 (S-086), 120 (S-l 19) and 

WS5 (S-l240) were diluted and re-analyzed after 

the initial analyses because concentrations of one or 

more compounds in the sample exceeded the laboratory calibration range for that specific compound. 

Results reported for these analyses are concentrations of VOC's detected within the calibration 

range on the initial analysis and concentrations 

determined from analysis of the diluted sample 

for the compounds that exceeded the calibration 

range on the initial sample.

Results of the analyses for VOC's are summarized in table 22. Target VOC's were detected in 

water from 20 of the 128 wells sampled. A total 

of 14 target VOC's was detected. The number of 

VOC's detected in each sample ranges from one 

compound in water from 11 wells to 5 compounds 

in water from 2 wells. Target VOC's were detected 

in water from 14 wells completed in the Calumet 

aquifer, 5 wells in the confining unit, and 1 well 

in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Of the 20 wells 

having water in which VOC' s were detected, 18 are 

in or near industrial areas or in areas of made or 

modified land or waste disposal. The other two

wells ^re in residential areas. Target VOC's were 

detected near industrial and waste-disposal sites

Lake Calumet and in industrial areas along 

umet River, between Lake George and the

arounc 

the Ca 

Indian i Harbor Canal, near Gary Harbor, and at 

two locations south of the Grand Calumet River 

in the Central part of the study area (fig. 9).

The detected VOC's are primarily solvents 

and dejgreasers that are used in a variety of industrial arid manufacturing processes (Lucius and 

others, 1990). Many of the detected compounds, 

including benzene, toluene, and xylenes, are associated with petroleum refining and coal coking 

(Burdick and Leffler, 1983). Benzene, toluene, and 

xylenes were among the VOC's most frequently 

detected during this study and were the most frequently detected VOC's reported by Fenelon and 

Watson (1993). Because these compounds do not 

occur naturally, their presence in the samples indicates contamination of ground water.

Water from wells, BH21 (S-002), D40 

(S-006), D10 (S-019), D20 (S-022), D21 (S-023), 

and C19 (S-074) all near areas where petroleum 

is refined or stored have measurable concentrations of VOC's. Benzene was the most frequently 

detecte|d VOC in water from these wells; concentrations ranged from 8 jj,g/L in water from well 

BH21 lo 1800 (ig/L in water from well D20. Concentrat ons of benzene in water from these wells 

exceeded the MCL established by USEPA for this 

compound (table 22). Acetone and xylenes were 

detected in water from two of these wells. Water 

from well C19, near a petroleum storage facility, 

contained five detected target VOC's: acetone, 

benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. All 

the target VOC's detected in water from these wells 

are components of gasoline and are associated with 

petroleim refining (Burdick and Leffler, 1983).

120

Th e laboratory reported a quantitation limit of 

for the sample from well D20 (S-022)

as a result of sample dilution; therefore, it is not 

known if other VOC's are present in water from 

this well at concentrations less than the quantitation

42 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 22. Maximum Contaminant Levels for volatile organic compounds and summary of detections in 

ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[CAS, Chemical Abstract Service; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; ug/L, microgram per liter; MCL, Maximum 

Contaminant Level; n.r., no regulation; n.a., not applicable. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992]

Compound name

Target compounds:

Acetone

Benzene

Chloroform

1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene

1,1-Dichloroethane

1 ,2-Dichloroethene

Ethylbenzene

2-Hexanone

Methylisobutyl ketone

Styrene

1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

Toluene

Vinyl chloride

Xylenes

Tentatively identified compounds:

Unknown aliphatic hydrocarbon

Unknown aromatic hydrocarbon

Unknown

CAS 

registry 

number

67-64-1

71-43-2

67-66-3

75-35-4

75-34-3

540-59-0

100-41-4

591-78-6

108-10-1

100-42-5

79-34-5

108-88-3

75-01-4

1330-20-7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

USEPA MCL

(ug/L)

n.r.

5

100a

7

n.r.

n.r.

700

n.r.

n.r.

100

n.r.

1,000

2

10,000

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

Number of 

wells 

with 

compound

4

11

1

1

1

3

3

1

1

1

1

4

2

7

8

2

7

Number of 

wells 

exceeding 

MCL

n.a.

11

0

1

n.a.

n.a.

0

n.a.

n.a.

0

n.a.

0

2

0

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

aListed for regulation.

Laboratory Analyses 43
41°40'

41°35'

__ ___________ 

- 

,

01

+ H- 

+ o1 'f

+ V La

,; Cflrfi I TT

5Cl

....__ __. . .__-_! ''' .V 4- 3^

___ ,. ..-..^-'^ " ~ '' '' +

f*' . -~ --=^=\,

\__ <_. ...

XNU^%

i""I 

_ ,

.

o-""' '' /"

<T

1,

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000, 1991Albers Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30', Central meridian -86°

87°30' . 87°15'

+ ,. Calumet EXPLANATION Naroor

V.,: - -J 2 o LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WATER IN WHICH TARGET VOLATILE

+ ^r;'" . ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WERE DETECTED-Number is number of compounds

!s ' -f | detected. Size of circle indicates total concentrations of all volatile organic

4- ^ T .'"' I compounds; where more than one well is located at a site, the well having * 4 

+ n1 1"

1 o f> +l

ke ' 4 | + j

met "c

+ 4O° -+- -j- V_^/ I/

o3 t >' *

-f ~r_a^_r-

',", - - - '->' ^° ;'"'

O

^5

\

^Cah^net

-^ the largest concentration is shown ffc , 

o \ + LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WATER IN WHICH TARGET VOLATILE 

« ^ - : ?^i rbor ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WERE NOT DETECTED

Jj< ^'41 / ^

+ ''"£ .-'-'^ y "^ SCALE OF DIAMETERS, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

' ^ 1 ° .. /" c>\\ ^:" / ^^

t^d/f +., V A> ^' ' '' ''--' ; ° O O O ( ) ^W ^Lofce George .. . / | w ^^ V_^ V_y

"" ,O1 cOl /V6 /' !'9 10-" 100-999 1,000-10,000 GREATER THAN 10,000

2^ ^ -'CJ^ ' .-^"''' '

+ <X>° Buffington . , . . , . r + h-^-p.- ^> -^ Harbor Lake Michigan r

1 ^ + v^-

+ a + V_ r --^^

^/y -2 '"- _ Gary Harbor ^-- ^_i_ J

r S-J 73 "- ~__ . _. __ . . _ - "^ ' "

- , -T^ ' -. """""' :'~ + * ^ iT~+ ~'~ ' ^-tp i

X^ '-4 '"C/"\_ -f 9°turr,et ti RWer + 2 ,^-^:^&^' ^ | ..'^ ,^

vy 1 ^"' ~^~ ~t~ '*'

+ + ^.\u^cV ' !"'|if k > > \ I ' LAV--' 3 1 0

""VJ c^tcD _,. + ^-^ , CJ |U " ^ *^«4 ^£ 1- - *^ .-^n UJ i «__ ' '-^-» t r

O

C

t H

C ~ I i? i i r"*

fTl *^ *-^. L\\\)@-Y / "*^ . ^' L ' C*^*^ 9< 1 ^ ^ ^

,_ 

'"x^^\^_^rx^'''^*''^^~l,.-=--x_^ L/tt/e / / ^ y""/r/ ' o J^ ^.^-: is \ \ ,_ / . -*~ " >v ( r " V '" ,'' \ .~~* r"

H=3 V' "\__,. , , Ai __ /-''' -^--J .'"^ XSi,v - "" ' -^ __[____; ',_ | \

012345 MILES

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

Burns ^--""

+ 4-

"^ i

+ ._,'..

__, " , .- >/-' " TV

,y ,^ [\ | <TA ' ~i

"r "'

_ r< s /~

/ r^' tff .-n r ' v -l »C^f *~ f '

x, C_ ,-

, ff~t~^« ' \^i \ f i v "'i /----.. ,.xv012345 KILOMETERS

Figure 9. Distribution of target volatile orcsanic compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

44 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwester) Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
limit. Fenelon and Watson (1993) reported detections of benzene in water from well D20 collected 

during 1987 and 1988. They also reported detections of ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes in 

water from this well. The concentration of benzene reported for the sample collected in 1987 

was similar to that detected for this study; however, the concentration reported for the sample 

collected during 1988 was much smaller (Fenelon 

and Watson, 1993).

A total of nine different VOC' s was detected in 

water from five wells 114 (S-035), B7 (S-069), 

BH32 (S-l 10), 120 (S-l 19), and FILO4 (S-125) 

all near areas of waste disposal. The VOC's 

detected in water from these wells are acetone, 

benzene, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 

1,2-dichloroethene, 2-hexanone, methylisobutyl 

ketone, toluene, and vinyl chloride. Water from two 

of these wells contains one detected VOC, water 

from two wells contains three detected VOC's, and 

water from one well contains four detected VOC's. 

Acetone, benzene, and toluene were each detected 

in water from at least one well but were detected 

at generally smaller concentrations than those in 

water from wells near petroleum industry. Concentrations of benzene in water from wells near areas 

of waste disposal exceeded the MCL for this compound (table 22). The presence of these compounds 

in ground water indicates that dissolved waste 

material is entering the ground water in these areas.

Vinyl chloride was detected in water from 

wells 120 (S-l 19) andFILO4 (S-125). The detected 

concentrations exceeded the USEPA's MCL for 

vinyl chloride (table 22). The concentration of vinyl 

chloride in water from well 120 is 10,000 ng/L, 

or 5,000 times the MCL. A large concentration of 

1,2-dichloroethene, 42,000 ng/L, also was detected 

in water from well 120. Roadcap and Kelly (1994, 

p. 40) reported similar concentrations of these compounds in water from well 120. This well is next 

to an entrance road to a landfill. The quality of 

water from well 120 indicates contamination of the 

ground water that may have resulted from spillage 

or leakage from vehicles in route to the landfill or 

from unauthorized dumping or both.

Wells A3 (S-044), B2 (S-048), and WS5 

(S-l24), all near steel industry, produced water containing target VOC's. The laboratory diluted the 

sample from well A3 and reported a 33-^ig/L quantitation limit for this sample. Benzene was detected 

in water from wells A3 and WS5 in concentrations 

of 530 ng/L and 9,900 |^g/L. The concentration of 

benzene detected in water from well WS5 was the 

largest concentration of benzene detected during 

this study. The concentrations in water from both 

wells exceeded the MCL for benzene (table 22). 

The concentration of xylenes, 2 ng/L, detected in 

water from well B2, was less than the quantitation 

limit and was estimated. Xylenes also were detected 

in water from well WS5, in addition to benzene, 

ethlybenzene, and toluene. These compounds are 

associated with coal coking and are components of 

coal tar (Burdick and Leffler, 1983). Water from 

well A3 contained an estimated concentration of 

7 |^g/L of 1,1-dichloroethane. This compound is 

used in various industrial processes, including ore 

flotation (Burdick and Leffler, 1983, p. 267).

Water from five wells in areas of modified 

land contained a total of seven target VOC's. The 

wells are BH31 (S-036), B2 (S-048), 13 (S-086), 

12 (S-102), and WS9 (S-120). Relatively small 

concentrations of VOC's were detected in water 

from some but not all wells near areas of slag 

disposal. Different compounds were detected in 

water from different wells, and no single compound was detected in water from all the wells. 

The compounds detected include acetone, 

1,2-dichloroethene, and xylenes. Relatively large 

concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylenes 

were detected in water from wells 12 and 13. In 

addition, water from well 13 contained estimated 

concentrations of ethlybenzene and styrene. Wells 

12 and 13 are in an area of miscellaneous fill containing sand, slag, construction debris, and other 

materials. The wells also are adjacent to an interstate highway and near areas of waste disposal. 

These contaminants may originate in the areas of 

waste disposal, within the fill material itself, or may 

result from material spills along the highway.

Laboratory Analyses 45
Two wells located in residential areas, IP 

(S-058) and BH1D (S-089), produced water that 

contained one target VOC. Water from BH1D 

contained 37 |ug/L of acetone, and water from IP 

contains an estimated 3 |ug/L of xylenes. In addition 

to being in residential areas, these wells are completed much deeper than the other wells in which 

target VOC's were detected. Well IP is the only 

well in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer that produced 

water in which target VOC's were detected. Large 

concentrations of acetone and xylenes have been 

reported to increase the hydraulic conductivity of 

clay liners used to contain landfill leachate (Anderson and Brown, 1981; Brown and others, 1983, 

1986). If the detected concentrations of VOC's in 

water from these wells are representative of the 

ground water at these locations, then the potential 

for VOC's to move into relatively deep ground 

water is demonstrated.

Several tentatively identified VOC's were 

detected in the samples during analysis for the 

target compounds. The laboratory reported some 

of the tentatively identified VOC's by compound 

name and others as "unknown"; all concentrations 

reported by the laboratory are considered to be 

estimates. In this report, the tentatively identified 

VOC's are grouped into three categories: aliphatic 

and alicylic hydrocarbon compounds, aromatic 

hydrocarbon compounds, and unknown compounds. Aliphatic compounds are open-chain 

compounds and alicyclic compounds contain one 

or several rings (Schwarzenbach and others, 1993, 

p. 32). Aromatic compounds are benzene and compounds that resemble benzene in their chemical 

behavior (Morrison and Boyd, 1980, p. 318). 

Concentrations reported are totals of all tentatively 

identified compounds in the samples for each 

category.

Tentatively identified VOC's were detected in 

water from 13 wells (table 21, appendix 3). Seven 

of the wells produced water in which target VOC's 

also were detected; six wells produced water in 

which target VOC's were not detected. The number 

of tentatively identified VOC's detected in samples 

from these wells ranged from 1 compound in water 

from 9 wells to 10 compounds in water from 2 

wells. Tentatively identified VOC's were detected

in watbr from nine wells completed in the Calumet 

aquifep, three wells in the confining unit, and one 

well ii^ the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Eleven of 

the 13 wells are in industrial areas or in areas of 

waste disposal or modified land. Two of the wells 

are in residential areas.

The tentatively identified VOC's are primarily 

aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, which were 

detected in water from 8 of the 13 wells. Tentatively 

identified compounds reported as unknown were 

detected in water from seven wells. Aromatic 

hydrocarbon compounds were detected in water 

from tjvo wells. The tentatively identified VOC's 

detected during this study are primarily solvents 

(LuciuS and others, 1990). Several detected compounds are components of petroleum and coal 

tar. Tentatively identified VOC's reported by the 

laboratory include cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and 

propylbenzene. The presence of these compounds 

indicates ground-water contamination.

Of the 13 wells that produced water containing 

tentatively identified VOC's, 5 wells C19 

(S-074), D10 (S-019), D20 (S-022), D21 (S-023), 

and D40 (S-006) are near areas where petroleum 

is refined or stored. Water from these wells generally contained larger concentrations of tentatively 

identified VOC's than water from the other wells in 

which tentatively identified VOC's were detected. 

Water from three of these wells had the largest 

concentrations of tentatively identified VOC's 

detected during this study. The average concentration of ^entatively identified VOC's in water from 

these \sfells is about 500 |ug/L. The number of tentatively identified VOC's in water from these wells 

ranges from 3 to 10 compounds.

Five wells that produced water in which tentatively identified VOC's were detected are near 

areas of waste disposal. The wells are C18 (S-076), 

FIL04 (S-125), FIL05 (S-126), 110 (S-064), and 

115 (S-051). Concentrations of tentatively identified VOC's in water from these wells ranged from 

6 to 180 |iig/L. The presence of tentatively identified VC|)C's in water from well FILO5, a bedrock 

well, indicates that VOC's have moved relatively

46 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
deep in the ground-water-flow system. VOC's 

were not detected in water from a shallow well at 

this site, so it is unlikely that VOC's have migrated 

vertically down the well bore.

Of the three other wells that produced water 

containing tentatively identified VOC's, one well, 

WS5 (S124), is near steel industry and two wells, 

BH5D (S-108) andBH12 (S-097), are in residential 

areas. Water from the well near steel industry 

contained one tentatively identified VOC at a concentration of 26 ng/L. Water from each of the two 

wells in residential areas contained one tentatively 

identified VOC at a relatively small concentration 

(5 and 14 jig/L).

Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Water samples were analyzed for the presence 

of 64 SVOC's on the USEPA's target compound 

list (table 23, appendix 3). The laboratory also 

reported the presence of a number of tentatively 

identified SVOC's and molecular sulfur in some 

of the samples (table 24, appendix 3). The sample 

quantitation limit was 10 |ig/L for 56 of the target 

compounds and 25 |ig/L for 8 of the target compounds. One sample, S-019 (D10), was diluted 

by the laboratory and has quantitation limits of 

100 and 250 }jg/L. Samples from wells 13 (S-086), 

12 (S-102), and WS5 (S-124) were diluted and 

re-analyzed after the initial analyses because 

concentrations of one or more compounds in the 

sample exceeded the laboratory calibration range 

for that specific compound. Results reported for 

these analyses are concentrations of SVOC's 

detected within the calibration range on the initial 

analysis and concentrations determined from analysis of the diluted sample for the compounds that 

exceeded the calibration range on the initial sample.

Target SVOC's were detected in water from 

56 of the 128 wells that were sampled. A total of 

23 target SVOC's was detected (table 25). The 

number of SVOC's detected in each of the 56 samples ranged from 1 compound in water from 41 

wells to 14 compounds in water from 1 well.

No MCL's have been established for 21 of 

the 23 target SVOC's detected. The MCL for 

benzo[Z>]fluoranthene was exceeded in one sample.

Di-«-butylphthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 

phthalate were the most frequently detected compounds reported by the laboratory; however, these 

compounds also were detected at similar concentrations in laboratory and field-blank samples. The 

quality-assurance review determined that some 

reported detections of these compounds should 

be considered as not detected, although not all of 

the detections were qualified in this manner. The 

reported detections of these two compounds that 

were not qualified by the review are listed in the 

tables but are not included in further discussion 

because concentrations of these compounds are 

probably not representative of ground-water 

quality. If the samples that contain only these 

two compounds are not included, then SVOC's 

were detected in water from 23 wells.

SVOC's were detected in samples from 16 

wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 6 wells 

in the confining unit, and 1 well in the SilurianDevonian aquifer (fig. 10). SVOC's were detected 

in water from 9 wells near industrial facilities, 

8 wells in areas of modified land or near wastedisposal sites, 5 wells in residential areas, and 

1 well in a natural area.

The detected SVOC's comprise a variety 

of industrial compounds including disinfectants, 

insecticides, deodorants, and plasticizers (Lucius 

and others, 1990). Many of the compounds 

are components or byproducts of coal tar and 

petroleum processing or combustion. Phenol, 

phenanthrene, and naphthalene are among the 

most frequently detected compounds and, along 

with orthocresol and paracresol, were detected 

in relatively large concentrations compared to the 

other SVOC's.

Nine wells near industrial facilities and producing water in which SVOC's were detected are 

D20 (S-022), B2 (S-048), Al (S-049), A4 (S-050), 

110 (S-064), C19 (S-074), WS9 (S-120), WS7 

(S-121), and WS5 (S-124). Total concentrations 

of SVOC's in water from these wells ranged from

Laboratory Analyses 47
Table 25. Maximum Contaminant Levels for semivolatile organic compounds and summary of detections in 

ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and! Illinois, June 1993

[CAS, Chemical Abstract Service; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; lug/L, microgram per liter; MCL, Maximum 

Contaminant Level; n.r., no regulation; n.a., not applicable. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992]

Compound name

Target compounds

Phenol

1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene

Orthocresol (2-methylphenol)

Paracresol (4-methylphenol)

2,4-Dimethylphenol

Naphthalene

2-Methylnaphthalene

Dimethylphthalate

Acenaphthylene

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Acenaphthene

Dibenzofuran

Fluorene

Phenanthrene

Carbazole

Di-n-butylphthalate

Fluoranthene

Pyrene

bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Diethylphthalate

Anthracene

Di-«-octylphthalate

Benzo[6]fluoranthene

Tentatively identified compounds

Unknown aliphatic hydrocarbon

Unknown aromatic hydrocarbon

Unknown

Molecular sulfur

CAS 

registry 

number

108-95-2

106-46-7

95-48-7

106-44-5

105-67-9

91-20-3

91-57-6

131-11-3

208-96-8

606-20-2

83-32-9

132-64-9

86-73-7

85-01-8

86-74-8

84-74-2

206-44-0

129-00-0

117-81-7

84-66-2

120-12-7

117-84-0

205-99-2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

10544-50-0

Number 

USEPA of wells 

MCL with 

(ug/L) compound

n.r.

75

8

1

n.r. 2

n.r. 4

n.r. 4

n.r. 7

n.r. 4

n.r. 2

n.r. 4

n.r. i 1

n.r. 3

n.r. 3

n.r. 6

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

8

3

15

4

4

28

3

n.r. 2

n.r. 4

.2a 1

n.r. 23

n.r. 19

n.r.

n.r.

61

15

Number 

of wells 

exceeding 

MCL

n.a.

0

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

aProposed.

48 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
41°35'

41°40'

87°30' 87°15'

\ 

\t-- '"

 2,' 1 ~'

O 1 «^ 4 

3 +r^-' & + o 3 Q^ 1 §

+ + "t >° (3H °*

+ V Lake ^ 11 it £ + § 

tC^U^et ' 1 .3 U

1 W '£-"' : ;'r^ ° n !r:.::'-\ -V 4-

.....^f^^""^' \( -f- 14 ~\\ + ^ ^\ 

\x V;3 X-../ ^ -,_,

^t,

, 

%

" """""N

r # / ^ VVA"U? "'"' "' /^" |

S,.,. ~

1 1

Calumet EXPLANATION 

Harbor 

2 O LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WA' 

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WERE DETEC 

detected. Size of circle indicates total conc< organic compounds; where more than one 

, - x well having the largest concentration is she

i 

£>\

\ + LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WA' 

u -Kx Indiana ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WERE NOT DI 

a 4- x Harbor.---. 

3/f "-f-,, ? ^ / V. SCALE OF DIAMETERS, IN MICRO* to>ir+<~\ ' ' "* '" \ ^ -/ ° o O O jtifK^ ' Lake George . v / "j ''Q ^ / $ / 0.5-0.99 1-9.9 10-99 100-99

~b, xf^ \ Buffington

+ t-'^=+ \^ x Harbor Lake Michigan

>/? , .1 "' nO ,-...__ Garv Harbor .jf -Q ~- /_ _ . _ , ^^4- c i ,. - '"".[

+ ° ° 1 + + +

+ 1O + +

I ' 1 \!\Y^ O ' ^Qi "'

&-/'--^ River - -. / : -' 

-TI ~ v-/v\ . , "'"V:"1 '" ''--./ "l'-.»^ Little / ^^-v""

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000, 1991 Albers Equal Area projection Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30', Central meridian -86° 0 1 2

1 1

ER IN WHICH TARGET SEMIVOLATILE 

ED- Number is number of compounds 

ntration of all semivolatile 

well is located at a site, the

ER IN WHICH TARGET SEMIVOLATILE 

..RAMS 

TECTED

PER 

O

LITER

GREATER THAN 1,000

Burns 

Harbor^ ^-^\ . -"'"" ^ '" ' '" + +

--j 

__...fT

1 /">-""v ~1~ i. ^ r-^-»^(l^r

' 1 ,,x x ?!-

s'i " --'" " & '''. ''" C9lu '" ,-"" ''" " $ ,-- . . - '

3 4 5 MILES

1 1 1

01234 5 KILOMETERS

Figure 10. Distribution of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

Laboratory Analyses 49
0.5 (ig/L in water from wells 110 and WS7 to 

99.8 f^g/L in water from well WS5. The number 

of SVOC's detected in water from each well 

ranged from one compound in water from 

wells Al, A4,110, C19, and WS7 to 11 compounds in water from wells B2 and WS5.

Naphthalene was detected in water from five 

wells near industrial facilities at concentrations 

ranging from 0.5 (ig/L in water from well 110 to 

12 (ig/L in water from well D20. Phenol, flourene, 

and phenanthrene were detected in water from three 

wells near industrial facilities. Water from well 

WS5 contained 73 fig/L, and water from well D20 

contained 33 |ig/L of phenol. Other SVOC's 

detected in water from at least two wells near 

industrial facilities were dimethylphthalate, 

2,4-dimethylphenol, acenapthene, dibenzofuran, 

fluoranthene, and pyrene. The presence of these 

compounds indicates contamination of ground 

water.

Eight wells in areas of modified land or 

near waste disposal sites produced water in which 

target SVOC's were detected: 113 (S-033), BH31 

(S-036), CIS (S-076), 13 (S-086), 12 (S-102), 

BH32 (S-110),FILO1 (S-123),andFILO2(S-127). 

Total concentrations of SVOC's in samples from 

these wells ranged from 0.6 jog/L in water from 

well FILO1 to 5,234 |ig/L in water from well 12. 

The number of SVOC's detected in each sample 

ranged from 1 compound in water from wells CIS, 

FILO1, and FILO2 to 14 compounds in water 

from well 12.

Phenol and phenanthrene were the most 

frequently detected SVOC's in water from wells 

in areas of made or modified land or near waste 

disposal. Concentrations of phenol ranged from 

0.8 (ig/L in water from well CIS to 1,600 [ig/L 

in water from well 12. Detected concentrations of 

phenanthrene ranged from 0.8 (ig/L in water from 

well 13 to 14 |ig/L in water from well 12. Other 

SVOC's that were detected in water from three 

of these wells were paracresol, di-«-octylphthalate, 

2-methylnaphthalene, and acenapthylene.

Water from wells 13 and 12, near the southwestern edge of Lake Calumet and along an 

interstate highway (fig. 2), had very large total 

concentrations of SVOC's 306.2 and 5,234 (ig/L. 

Roadcap and Kelly (1994, p. 41) reported detecting 

similar compounds and concentrations in water 

samples from these wells. They attributed groundwater quality at these wells to various potential 

contaminant sources including road salting, petroleum, and steel making.

One target SVOC was detected in each 

sample from wells BH23 (S-081), BH1D (S-089), 

A20 (S-079), BH25 (S-093), and BH13 (S-096) 

(table 23, appendix 3). These wells are in 

residential or commercial areas. The reported 

concentrations were less than the laboratory 

quantitation limit and ranged from 0.6 to 4 |ig/L. 

Only two target SVOC's were reported at concentrations larger than 1 (ig/L in water from these 

wells. Water from well BH13 contained 4 |ig/L 

of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, a common insecticide 

(Budavari, 1989, p. 482). Water from well BH1D 

contained 2 |ig/L of phenol. Well BH ID is 90 ft 

deep and completed in the confining unit. VOC's 

also were detected in water from this well; however, no organic compounds were detected in water 

from a 15-ft-deep well at this site. The presence 

of organic compounds in the deep well may result 

from horizontal flow of ground water through the 

base of the moraine rather than downward flow 

through the confining unit.

A concentration of 1 |ig/L of di-«-octylphthalate was reported for water from well 232 (S-082), 

located in a natural area along Lake Michigan. Well 

232 is screened at a depth of 43 ft in the Calumet 

aquifer. The detected compound, di-«-octylphthalate, is a plasticizer and is documented to be 

distributed widely in the environment (Callahan 

and others, 1979, p. 94-la). The presence of this 

compound in water from well 232 may indicate 

the persistence of some organic compounds and 

their capability to move in ground water. On the 

other hand, di-«-octylphthalate is closely related 

to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (Callahan and others, 

1979, p. 94 3), a laboratory contaminant commonly detected during this study.

50 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
More than 50 tentatively identified SVOC's 

were detected in the samples during analysis for 

the target compounds (table 24, appendix 3). The 

laboratory reported some of the tentatively identified SVOC's by compound name and others as 

"unknown"; all concentrations reported by the laboratory are considered estimates. The tentatively 

identified SVOC's are grouped into three categories: aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, aromatic 

hydrocarbon compounds, and unknown compounds. Concentrations reported are totals of all 

tentatively identified compounds in the samples for 

each category. The tentatively identified SVOC's 

that were detected are primarily classified as unknown compounds, which were detected in water 

from 61 wells. Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds 

were detected in water from 23 wells, and aromatic 

hydrocarbon compounds were detected in water 

from 19 wells.

Tentatively identified SVOC's were detected 

in water from 73 wells (table 24, appendix 3). Tentatively identified SVOC's were detected in water 

from 17 of the 23 wells producing water in which 

target SVOC's were detected. More than one-half 

of the samples in which tentatively identified 

SVOC's were detected contained only one or two 

compounds; water from 25 wells contained one tentatively identified SVOC, and water from 12 wells 

contained two tentatively identified SVOC's. 

Water from five wells, DIO (S-019), Al (S-049), 

C19 (S-074), 12 (S-102), and FILO4 (S-125), 

contained 20 tentatively identified SVOC's. Tentatively identified SVOC's were detected in water 

from 48 wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

16 wells in the confining unit, 2 wells in confined 

sand aquifers, and 7 wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer. Thirty-four of the wells are in residential or 

commercial areas, 17 are in industrial areas, 17 are 

in areas of waste disposal or made or modified land, 

and 5 wells are in natural areas.

Water from 17 wells near industrial facilities 

contained concentrations of tentatively identified 

SVOC's ranging from 2 to 22,864 }ig/L. The 

average concentration in water from these wells 

was 1,790 |ug/L. The number of tentatively

identified SVOC's in each sample ranged from 

one compound in water from Dl 1 (S-018), D21 

(S-023), 121 (S-060), and 110 (S-064) to 20 compounds in water from DIO (S-019), Al (S-049), 

and C19 (S-074). Unknown compounds were 

detected in water from 16 of the wells in this 

group. Water from seven wells contained aromatic compounds, and water from four wells 

contained aliphatic compounds. Six of the wells 

near industrial facilities and producing water in 

which tentatively identified SVOC's were detected 

also produced water containing target SVOC's.

Fourteen wells near industry produced water 

containing more than 10 |tig/L of tentatively identified SVOC's. Seven wells produced water in 

which concentrations of these compounds exceeded 100 |ug/L. Three wells DIO (S-019), 

C19 (S-074), and WS5 (S-124) produced water 

containing more than 1,000 mg/L of tentatively 

identified SVOC's. Wells DIO and C19 are near 

petroleum industry and produced water containing 

4,680 and 1,297 jug/L of unknown and aromatic 

compounds. Water from well WS5, near steel 

industry, contained 22,864 |tig/L of unknown and 

aliphatic compounds.

Seventeen wells in areas of made or modified 

land or near waste disposal produced water in 

which tentatively identified SVOC's were detected. 

Concentrations of these compounds ranged from 

2 to 16,543 |ug/L and averaged 2,030 |tig/L. The 

number of tentatively identified SVOC's in each 

sample ranged from one compound in water from 

II (S-032) and BH18S (S-091) to 20 compounds 

in water from wells 12 (S-102) and FILO4 (S-125). 

Unknown compounds were detected in water from 

16 of the wells in this group. Water from six wells 

contained aromatic compounds, and water from 

five wells contained aliphatic compounds. Six of 

the wells in this group also produced water containing target SVOC's.

Water from 13 wells in areas of made or modified land or near waste disposal contains more than 

10 }ig/L of tentatively identified SVOC's. Seven 

wells produced water in which concentrations of 

these compounds exceeded 100 |tig/L. Concentrations of tentatively identified SVOC's in water 

from wells BH32 (S-l 10), FILO4 (S-125),

Laboratory Analyses 51
and FILO2 (S-127) were 3,545, 16,543, and 

13,035 ng/L. Wells FILO2 and FILO4 are near 

a waste-disposal site southwest of Lake Calumet 

(fig. 2) and produced water containing unknown 

and aromatic compounds. Well BH32 is near a 

waste-disposal site on the north side of Lake Calumet and produced water containing unknown, 

aliphatic, and aromatic compounds.

Tentatively identified SVOC's were detected 

in water from 34 wells in residential or commercial 

areas. Concentrations ranged from 2 |iig/L in water 

from nine wells to 911 |iig/L in water from BH23 

(S-081). The average concentration in water from 

these wells was about 40 |iig/L. Although tentatively identified SVOC's were detected in water 

from more wells in residential or commercial areas 

than wells in industrial areas or in areas of waste 

disposal, the number of compounds detected and 

the concentrations are generally small in residential 

or commercial areas. Of the 34 wells, 18 produced 

water in which only one compound was detected, 

and 9 produced water in which only two compounds were detected.

Well BH23 produced water containing the 

largest concentration and number of tentatively 

identified SVOC's detected at any well in a residential or commercial area; however, none of these 

compounds was detected in a duplicate sample 

from this well. The detection of these compounds 

was not qualified during the USEPA review, and 

the cause for the discrepancy between the analyses 

is not clear. Visual inspection of cuttings and water 

samples during drilling and development of BH23 

indicated the presence of contaminants. The lack 

of reproducible results and the tentative nature of 

the identification indicate that the reported detections may not be representative of water quality 

at this site.

Concentrations of tentatively identified 

SVOC' s detected in water from five wells in natural 

areas ranged from 2 to 81 |iig/L. The average concentration in water from these wells was 24 |iig/L. 

The number of tentatively identified SVOC's

detected in each sample ranged from 1 compound 

in wat<5T from WP1 (S-007) and D-5A (S-020) to 

11 compounds in water from W-3 (S-080).

Only two wells in natural areas produced water 

containing more than 10 |iig/L of tentatively identified SVOC's: BH7D produced water containing 

32 |iig/ ^, and W-3 produced water containing 

81 ng/L BH7D (S-066) is a bedrock well and is the 

deepest of three wells at this site. No SVOC's were 

detected in water from BH7S(S-065), screened in

the abs

the Ca 

in the < 

identified SVOC's in water from the bedrock and

umet aquifer, or BH7I (S-061), screened 

onfming unit. The presence of tentatively

;nce of these compounds in water from the

shallow geohydrologic units at this site indicates 

that the SVOC's may have moved into this area 

from ah offsite source.

Well W3 is a shallow well (10 ft deep) 

screened in the Calumet aquifer in a natural area 

of dunes and wetlands in the eastern part of the 

study area. No other organic compounds were 

detected in water from this well. Unauthorized 

waste disposal probably has not occurred at this 

site. Ifjthe reported detections of tentatively identified SVOC's are not the result of laboratory error 

or sample contamination, then they must represent 

water contaminated by an offsite source.

CDmparison of concentrations of tentatively 

identil ied SVOC's in water from paired wells at 

15 site 3 indicates that these compounds are detected 

in mors abundance in shallow ground water than in 

deep ground water. Tentatively identified SVOC's

were d

sites p

;tected in larger concentrations in water

from s lallow wells at 10 sites. Deep wells at three

oduced water containing larger concentrations of tentatively identified SVOC's compared to 

water :Tom shallow wells. At two sites, the largest 

concentrations were detected in water from an 

intermediate-depth well.

Along with the tentatively identified SVOC's, 

the laboratory reported detections of molecular

sulfur.

sulfur in ground water is questionable. Although

52 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois

The presence of molecular (or elemental)
sulfur is present naturally in earth materials, 

elemental sulfur usually is found in sediments 

that are several hundred feet below land surface, 

and its presence may be related to bacterial 

reduction (Sienko and Plane, 1974, p. 634). More 

commonly, sulfur forms chemical bonds to 

produce sulfates and sulfides. Elemental sulfur is 

not soluble in water (Hammond, 1993, p. 4 28). 

The detection of molecular sulfur in ground-water 

samples probably results from the presence of 

sulfur in organic compounds. Sulfur is a component of coal and petroleum crude and is used 

in making various industrial compounds and 

products, including sulfuric acid, fungicides, 

vulcanized natural rubber, and paper (Hammond, 

1993, p. 4-28).

Molecular sulfur was detected in water from 

15 wells. Detected concentrations ranged from 

2 (ig/L in water from three wells to 550 (ig/L in 

water from well 110 (S-064). Eight wells produced 

water containing less than 10 jj,g/L of molecular 

sulfur, and three wells produced water containing 

more than 100 (ig/L of molecular sulfur. Molecular sulfur was detected in water from 12 wells 

completed in the Calumet aquifer, 2 wells in the 

confining unit, and 1 well in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer. Seven wells are near industry, three are 

near areas of waste disposal, three are located in 

residential and commercial areas, and two are 

in natural areas.

Concentrations of molecular sulfur in water 

from seven wells near industry ranged from 2 to 

550 (ig/L. The three largest concentrations of 

molecular sulfur were detected in water from wells 

near industrial facilities. Concentrations in water 

from wells near waste-disposal sites ranged from 12 

to 43 (ig/L, and concentrations in water from wells 

in residential and commercial areas ranged from 

2 to 9 (ig/L. Two wells in natural areas each produced water containing 3 (ig/L of molecular sulfur. 

Both of these wells are in wetlands in the eastern 

part of the study area. It is not known if the presence 

of molecular sulfur in water from these wells could 

be related to natural reduction of sulfur compounds 

in the wetlands. Tentatively identified SVOC's also 

were detected in water from one of these wells.

Compounds Containing Pesticides 

or Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Water samples were analyzed for the presence 

of 21 pesticide compounds and 7 aroclor compounds (table 26, appendix 3). The pesticide 

compounds are either pesticides or degradation 

products of pesticides. Aroclor compounds are 

technical mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls 

that differ from each other primarily in their chlorine content (Lucius and others, 1990, p. 118). 

The laboratory quantitation limit was varied among 

compounds but remained the same for each compound throughout the study with one exception: 

the sample from well D10 (S-019) was diluted by 

the laboratory and has quantitation limits that are 

twice those of the other samples.

A total of 18 pesticide compounds was 

detected in water from 29 wells. The number of 

detected compounds in each sample ranged from 

1 compound in water from 17 wells to 14 compounds in water from well 12 (S-102). The total 

detected concentration of pesticide compounds 

in water from a single well ranged from 0.004 

to 1.78 (ig/L. Nearly all the concentrations of 

pesticide compounds were qualified as estimated 

by the USEPA quality-assurance audit.

Pesticides were detected in water from 15 

wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 10 wells 

in the confining unit, and 4 wells in the SilurianDevonian aquifer. Eight of these wells are in industrial areas, 13 wells are near areas of waste disposal 

or in areas of made or modified land, 5 wells are in 

residential areas, and 3 wells are in a natural area 

that may be affected by waste disposal. Pesticide 

compounds were detected in water from wells near 

industrial and waste-disposal facilities around 

Lake Calumet and in industrial areas along the 

Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal. 

Pesticides were not detected in water from any 

wells in the eastern part of the study area (fig. 11).

The pesticide compounds most frequently 

detected during this study were endrin aldehyde, 

which was detected in water from 14 wells, and 

p,p'-DDT, which was detected in water from

Laboratory Analyses 53
_________ _____ 

- - 41°40'

41°35'

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+ %i

+ jft; I

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- 3 c

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Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000, 1991Albers Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30', Central meridian -86°

87°3XT

+ __\ Ca/umet

Harbor

87°15'

EXPLANATION

+ ff" Q LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WATER IN WHICH PESTICIDE COMPOUNDS WERE

fey* 3 rS 2 DETECTED-Number is number of pesticide compounds detected. Size of circle

gY;, S' indicates total concentration of pesticide compounds; where more than one

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, ' e 0 akc , c -j- 0

iumef -5 W

^ ^ * 

\ ° 1 i ~MS~- 4 i i r- . 1 H~ ' feLj V 1 Os + '"' '

well is located at a site, the well having the largest concentration is shown

§ ' , + LOCATION OF WELL PRODUCING WATER IN WHICH PESTICIDE COMPOUNDS 

^ O 1 Harbor WERE NOT DETECTED

{§ ''"' - / ^

H ^^K .,-"^\ / ^ SCALE OF DIAMETERS, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

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1

012345 KILOMETERS

Figure 11. Distribution of pesticide compounds in ground water in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993.

54 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwest* rn Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
9 wells (table 27). Although the laboratory 

reported 59 individual detections of pesticide 

compounds, only 8 of the reported concentrations 

are larger than the quantitation limit required by 

the USEPA Contract Laboratory Program. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT exceeded the quantitation 

limit in water from wells BH7S (S-065), BH7I 

(S-061), BH18I (S-109), and FILO1 (S-123). 

Concentrations of p,p'-DDD exceeded the quantitation limit in water from wells DIG (S-019) and 

BH7I (S-061). Water from well 12 (S-102) contained concentrations of beta benzene hexachloride 

and heptachlor that exceeded the quantitation limit.

Water from well 12 (S-102) contained the 

largest number (14) and largest total concentration 

(1.78 |Lig/L) of pesticide compounds. This well is 

southwest of Lake Calumet in an area of modified 

land near a waste-disposal site. The pesticide compounds detected in water from well 12 may be 

present in the fill materials at the site or may result 

from a spill or leakage of these chemicals. The large 

number of pesticides and other organic compounds 

detected indicates waste products or contaminated 

fill rather than a single compound. Therefore, the 

pesticide compounds in this water are not likely 

the result of normal spraying.

A total concentration of 1.52 fj,g/L of pesticide compounds was detected in water from D10 

(S-019). This well is northwest of the Indiana 

Harbor Canal near petroleum industry. Three pesticide compounds were detected in water from this 

well; however, p,p'-DDD, at a concentration of 

1.5 n,g/L, is the principal pesticide detected in this 

water.

At eight sites having two or more paired wells, 

pesticide compounds were detected in the sample 

from at least one well. At five of the sites, the 

largest concentration was detected in the sample 

from the shallow well. At two sites the largest concentrations were in water from the deep wells, and 

at one site the largest concentration was detected in 

the sample from the well screened at an intermediate depth. At this site, pesticide compounds also 

were detected in water from the deep well but were 

not detected in water from the shallow well.

Compounds that contain PCB's were detected 

in water from only three of the wells that were sampled (table 26, appendix 3). None of the reported 

concentrations of PCB's was larger than the quantitation limit. The largest concentration, 0,99 |J,g/L, 

was detected in water from well A3 (S-044). 

This well is completed in the Calumet aquifer 

and is north of the Grand Calumet River near steel 

industry. Water from well 12 (S-102) contained 

0.52 fig/L of PCB's, and water from well FILO4 

(S-125) contained 0.17 fig/L of PCB's. These wells 

are completed near the water table in the confining 

unit and are southwest of Lake Calumet in areas of 

modified land and waste disposal. Water from wells 

A3 and 12 exceeded the USEPA MCL of 0.5 fig/L 

for total PCB's (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1992).

Comparisons of Ground-Water Quality 

in the Study Area

Results of the chemical analyses of water from 

128 wells indicate that ground-water quality has 

changed in parts of the study area as a result of 

industrialization and urbanization. This finding is 

neither unique (numerous other reports have documented ground-water contamination in this area) 

nor is it surprising, considering the shallow depth to 

ground water, the permeable geologic materials 

at land surface in most of the study area, and the 

Calumet Region's long history of industrial and 

urban development.

In order to identify changes in groundwater quality, the natural quality must be known. 

No records are available to indicate what the 

ground-water quality in the study area was before 

development. Therefore, the natural water quality 

only can be inferred on the basis of samples collected from wells that are not likely to be affected 

by human activities because of their location away 

from industrial and urban areas. For this study, the

Comparisons of Ground-Water Quality in the Study Area 55
Table 27. Maximum Contaminant Levels for compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated 

biphenyls and summary of detections in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[CAS, Chemical Abstract Service; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; )ag/L, microgram per liter; MCL, 

Maximum Contaminant Level; n.r., no regulation; n.a., not applicable; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl. Source: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]

Compound name

CAS 

registry 

number

USEPA 

MCL 

(H9/L)

Number 

of wells

with 

compound

Number

of wells

exceeding

MCL

alpha-BHC

beta-BHC

delta-BHC

Aldrin

alpha-Chlordane

gamma-Chlordane

p,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

p,p'-DDT

Dieldrin

Endosulfan I

Endosulfan II

Endosulfan sulfate

Endrin

Endrin ketone

Endrin aldehyde

Heptachlor

Methoxychlor

Aroclor 1242, PCB

Aroclor 1248, PCB

Aroclor 1254, PCB

319-84-6

319-85-7

319-86-8

309-00-2

5103-71-9

5103-74-2

72-54-8

72-55-9

50-29-3

60-57-1

959-98-8

33213-65-9

1031-07-8

72-20-8

53494.70-5

7421-36-3

76-44-8

72-43-5

53469-21-9

12672-29-6

11097-69-1

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

n.r. 

2a 

n.r. 

n.r.

40

1

1

1

4

2

3

4

3

9

4

1

4

4

2

1

14

2

2

1

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a.

0

n.a. 

n.a.

0

0

1

0

1

Proposed.

56 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
wells having water that most likely represents 

natural water quality are in Porter County in 

the eastern part of the study area (fig. 2). Shallow 

wells at the 10 sites in Porter County were selected 

to provide the best description of natural water 

quality in the Calumet aquifer. These wells range 

in depth from 9 to 62 ft.

Water from the shallow wells in Porter County 

is typically a calcium bicarbonate type having a 

median pH of 7.2 and small to moderate concentrations of dissolved solids (table 28). Comparison of 

tables 28 and 17 indicates that except for ammonia 

nitrogen, iron, and magnesium, concentrations 

of common ions are much smaller in water from 

shallow wells in Porter County than in all wells 

in the Calumet aquifer taken together. The median 

concentration of ammonia nitrogen is slightly 

larger in water from shallow wells in Porter County; 

however, the median concentration of iron is more 

than twice that of water from all the Calumet aquifer. The median concentration of magnesium in 

water from shallow wells in Porter County is similar to the median for water from all the Calumet 

aquifer.

Trace elements typically were not detected in 

water from shallow wells in Porter County. Four of 

the eight trace elements that were detected in water 

from these wells were detected in more than half 

of the samples collected for this study. Except for 

aluminum, barium, and zinc, trace elements generally were detected in small concentrations in water 

from shallow wells in Porter County. Concentrations of aluminum larger than 100 (j,g/L were 

detected in water samples from 230-24 (S-017), 

D-5A (S-020), and W-1A (S-028) (table 18, 

appendix 3). Aluminum is the third most abundant 

element in the earth's crust (Gilluly and others, 

1968, p. 11), although it usually is not present in 

natural water at large concentrations except in 

water having low pH (Hem, 1985, p. 73). Values 

for pH of about 6 were measured in water from the 

three wells having relatively large concentrations of 

aluminum. Barium was detected in 127 of the 128 

samples collected for this study, and its presence in

ground water in the study area appears to be 

derived largely from natural sources probably 

from dissolution of barite, a common and widely 

distributed mineral (Hurlbut, 1971, p. 343). The 

detection of relatively large concentrations of 

zinc (more than 400 mg/L) in water from 230-24 

(S-017), D-5A (S-020), 24 (S-026), and 25 (S-027) 

is a result of these wells having galvanized steel 

casings. Zinc is the principal element in galvanizing materials (Aroian, 1958, p. 718).

Detection of several trace elements such as 

lead and mercury in water from shallow wells in 

Porter County indicates that ground water in this 

area may not be completely unaffected by human 

activities. Lead was detected in water from five 

wells, and mercury was detected in water from 

six wells. Although detected concentrations are 

small, the presence of these elements is not easily 

explained by natural sources. Lead was detected in 

two of the sampling-device blanks collected during 

this study; however, that device was not used to 

collect the samples in Porter County. Atmospheric 

deposition is a possible source for these elements. 

Lead and mercury are released to the atmosphere 

as a result of particulate emissions from industrial 

smokestacks and from burning of fossil fuels 

(Stumm and Morgan, 1981, p. 737). Willoughby 

(1995) determined a median concentration of 

1.3 (j,g/L for lead in 36 samples of precipitation 

collected at Gary, Ind. Mercury was not detected 

in any precipitation samples from that study at a 

reporting limit of 0.1 (ig/L.

Changes in ground-water quality are most 

easily demonstrated by the organic compounds 

detected during this study. Target and tentatively 

identified VOC's were detected in water from wells 

completed in the Calumet aquifer, confining unit, 

and Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Benzene, toluene, 

and xylene, which are components of petroleum 

and coal tar, were the most frequently detected 

VOC's during this study. Vinyl chloride and 

1,2-dichloroethene, which are common industrial 

compounds, were not detected as frequently as 

other VOC's but were detected at one well in

Comparisons of Ground-Water Quality in the Study Area 57
Table 28. Statistical summary of water quality for 10 shallow wells in Porter County selected to represent 

natural ground-water quality in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[mv, millivolts; mg/L, milligrams per liter; uS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 2|5°C; jag/L, microgram per liter. Wells and 

corresponding sample-identification numbers included in this analysis are G-1(8-00$), 230-24(8-017), D-5A(S-020), 225(8-021), 

24(S-026), 25(S-027), W-l A(S-028), 244-65(8-053), 232-45(8-082), and 106(8-084)]

Water-quality measurement, 

property, or constituent

Onsite measurements

pH

Oxidation-reduction potential

Dissolved oxygen

Specific conductance

Units

pH units

mv

mg/L

|j,S/cm

Median Minimum

7.2 6.0

-105 -167

.15 0

493 164

Maximum

7.5

89

6.1

1,190

Water-quality properties and common ions

Calcium

Magnesium

Sodium

Potassium

Alkalinity

Sulfate

Chloride

Silica

Dissolved solids

Suspended solids

Ammonia nitrogen

Iron

Manganese

Total organic carbon

Trace elements and cyanide

Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic

Barium

Beryllium

Cadmium

Chromium

Cobalt

Copper

Lead

Mercury

Nickel

Selenium

Silver

Vanadium

Zinc

Cyanide

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Hg/L

^g/L

^g/L

Hg/L

Hg/L

^g/L

Hg/L

^g/L

^g/L

^g/L

^g/L

Hg/L

HS/L

^g/L

^g/L

Hg/L

Mg/L

57.1 10.7

18.4 5.03

15.0 1.14

1.94 .52

174.5 41.8

41.0 <5.0

16.8 6.2

12.3 6.03

308 95

6.75 <3

.55 <.l

3.33 .024

.185 <.0016

8.5 <2.0

<25.9 <20.9

<17.9 <15.7

<1.7 , <1.7

36.6 14.7

<.5 <.5

<1.7 <1.5

<5.8 <5.1

<3.8 <2.5

<4.2 <4.0

<1.9 <1.1

<.l <.l

<6.1 <4.7

<2.3 ' <2.3

<3.8 <3.8

<3.3 <2.6

4.0 <3.7

<10 <10

301

50.6

103

26.2

289

660

138

29.7

1,324

15.5

2.6

29.6

1.23

26.9

383

<17.9

15.3

229

<1.2

<1.7

<5.8

<3.8

<4.2

4.6

.19

<6.1

2.9

<5

5

1,090

<10

58 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
extremely large concentrations. Target and tentatively identified VOC's were detected more 

frequently and in larger concentrations in water 

from wells in industrial areas or near areas of fill 

or waste disposal than in residential or natural 

areas. No target or tentatively identified VOC's 

were detected in water from shallow wells in 

Porter County.

Tentatively identified SVOC's were detected 

more frequently than other organic compounds and 

were detected most frequently in water from wells 

in residential and commercial areas. Tentatively 

identified S VOC's were detected in water from 

more than half of the wells and from wells screened 

in all four geohydrologic units. The largest concentrations and numbers of detected compounds, 

however, were reported for water from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer or confining unit and 

near industrial areas and areas of waste disposal. 

Phenol, phenanthrene, and naphthalene, which 

are components of coal tar and have a variety of 

industrial uses, were the most frequently detected 

S VOC's. Although all ground water contains 

organic matter (Freeze and Cherry, 1979, p. 86), 

the types of organic compounds detected during 

this study and the pattern of detection indicate that 

the presence of these compounds in ground water 

most likely is the result of industrial and wastedisposal activities.

Except for 1 mg/L of di-«-octylphthalate in 

water from 232 (S-082), target S VOC's that were 

not qualified by the quality-assurance audit were 

not detected in water from wells in Porter County. 

As previously discussed, the detection of this compound may have resulted from contamination in the 

field or laboratory and may not be representative 

of ground-water quality. Tentatively identified 

S VOC's were detected in water from 4 of the 10 

shallow wells in Porter County that were used 

to illustrate natural water quality.

Pesticide compounds were detected in water 

from wells completed in the Calumet aquifer, 

confining unit, and Silurian-Devonian aquifer. 

Most of these wells are near areas of waste disposal. 

The detected pesticide compounds are primarily 

insecticides and degradation products of insecticides (Briggs and others, 1992, p. 81-196). Most

of the detected pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds that tend to bioaccumulate 

and are persistent once they are released into the 

environment (Briggs and others, 1992, p. 212). 

The use of several pesticides detected during this 

study including endrin, dieldrin, and p^'-DDT 

was banned in the United States during the 1970's 

(Briggs and others, 1992, p. 81 196). The presence 

of pesticide compounds in water from the SilurianDevonian aquifer is indicative of the mobility and 

persistence of these compounds. Compounds containing PCB's generally were not detected during 

this study, although two of the three detected 

concentrations of these compounds exceeded the 

USEPA MCL for total polychlorinated biphenyls. 

Compounds containing pesticides and PCB's were 

not detected in water from shallow wells in Porter 

County.

Water from 15 wells, or about 12 percent 

of the sampled wells, had concentrations of one 

or more substances that exceeded an established 

USEPA MCL (fig. 12). MCL's for trace elements 

were exceeded in water from four wells. The MCL 

for chromium was exceeded in one sample. USEPA 

action levels for copper and lead, which are basically MCL's applied at the point of use, were 

exceeded in one and two samples. Volatile organic 

compounds were detected in water from 12 wells 

at concentrations larger than established MCL's. 

Concentrations of benzene exceeded the MCL in 

11 samples. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene 

exceeded the MCL in one sample and concentrations of vinyl chloride exceeded the MCL in two 

samples. Compounds containing PCB's exceeded 

the MCL in two samples. Semivolatile organic 

compounds and pesticide compounds were not 

detected in concentrations that exceeded established MCL's (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1992).

Figure 12 and most of the figures showing distribution of water-quality constituents in this report 

indicate that the frequency of detection and the concentration of many constituents in ground water 

increases from east to west across the study area. 

An increase from south to north is less obvious. 

This observed pattern of water quality corresponds 

to the pattern of industrialization and urbanizaComparisons of Ground-Water Quality in the Study Area 59
41°40' 

41°35'

+ + 't " 

+ 4 Lake

uJk - 

1 Vj^f r;

._ /f^ " :-X"

^

\ f~ \ ^ »

T_

r j

__/ <"'' ,-x

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000, 1991 

Albers Equal Area projection 

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30', Central meridian -86°

87°30' 87°15'

+ J

.Zl £

+ "7/ "^

:| + 1 iet -5 U

f,a +,

^ - .^ '^ I

,--: "v

^ ^s^/^^N ' *

'o

\ .^Qalurnet c.

" *^ '.'!'"""*

HalTof EXPLANATION

(J LOCATION OF WELL WHERE CONCENTRATIONS OF ONE OR MORE 

TRACE ELEMENTS EXCEEDED THE MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL

^ (£ LOCATION OF WELL WHERE CONCENTRATIONS OF ONE OR MORE VOLATILE c ' ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EXCEEDED THE MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL% ± r , I w "^^ Indiana i 

J 4- v -. Harbor.-- J) LOCATION OF WELL WHERE CONCENTRATIONS OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING 

j :-' >--, ' POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS EXCEEDED THE MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL

^ '-, /"'' ,:^\ '^ /

«£ + Etjfce Georae -'" + LOCATION OF WELL WHERE MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT 

"- + r^ /£' / LEVELS WERE NOT EXCEEDED

" y £j '"'" Burns ] f W Buffington Harbor ._-"''

+ --" g ^ + x Harbor Lake Michigan -^ "^ +. +

+ i + v: _. ' ;,--^,_ /T- - + +

^ ^ "" - - __ Gary Harbor ^. --"'_|lVi +

+ "~ V- """" ' '^"-+->r"^^" 5l!5^~"^ " ^ r" + -f "^ 4. / x

5 + + y^ «;>^

' \_^>!""\ ' /- . .'' ?, \ ..-- ' " s } '^ '' \'' / v'~"- ,-L.

: 012345 MILES

3 4 5 KILOMETERS

Figure 12. Locations of wells in the Calum

60 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwester

t Region, Indiana and Illinois, producing water in which Maximum Contaminant Levels were exceeded in June 1993.

Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
tion, which also increases from east to west 

and south to north in the study area. Moreover, 

the confining unit is at land surface in much of 

the Illinois part of the study area. Ground water in 

the confining unit would contain, through natural 

processes of ion exchange, larger amounts of dissolved inorganic substances than would water in 

the Calumet aquifer, owing to the abundance of 

clay minerals and slow rate of flow in the confining unit. This effect is shown by the median 

concentration of dissolved solids for water from 

the confining unit, which is more than twice those 

of the other geohydrologic units.

A third factor that affects the distribution 

of ground-water quality shown on figure 12 and 

other figures in this report is the selection of wells 

that were sampled. Most wells sampled during this 

study were installed for previous studies. Most of 

the wells in Indiana intentionally were placed away 

from areas of known ground-water contamination 

(Fenelon and Watson, 1993, p. 7); in contrast, many 

of the wells in Illinois were installed in locations 

where ground-water contamination was expected 

(George Roadcap, Illinois State Water Survey, oral 

commun., 1994).

In contrast to MCL's, SMCL's were exceeded 

more frequently in the water samples collected for 

this study. SMCL's for dissolved solids, iron, and 

manganese were exceeded in more than half of the 

samples. Concentrations of aluminum and sulfate 

exceeded the SMCL's in approximately 25 percent 

of the samples. Large concentrations of iron and 

manganese are common in ground water in Indiana 

(Bechert and Heckard, 1966, p. 107). To a lesser 

extent, sulfate is common, but its presence in 

ground water is varied in Indiana (Clark, 1980, 

p. 83). Although these constituents are present naturally in ground water, very large concentrations 

may indicate contamination.

Clark (1980, p. 80) lists the normal range 

for concentrations of iron in ground water in 

Indiana as 0 to 3.0 mg/L. The normal range for 

manganese is 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L, and the normal 

range for sulfate is 0 to 1,000 mg/L (Clark, 1980, 

p. 80-81). The median concentrations for these 

constituents determined during this study are within

these normal ranges; however, the ranges of 

concentrations during this study exceeded the 

normal ranges (table 17). Concentrations of iron 

and manganese found during this study are similar 

to those reported by Fenelon and Watson (1993) 

who described ground-water quality in part of 

northern Lake County. Concentrations of dissolved 

solids and sulfate found during this study are 

similar to those reported by Roadcap and Kelly 

(1994) who describe ground-water quality in 

the vicinity of Lake Calumet. Concentrations of 

aluminum and sulfate found during this study 

generally are larger than those reported for the 

two other studies.

The data collected during this study show that 

not all ground water in the study area is contaminated and that the largest changes in water quality 

are associated with waste-disposal and industrial 

sites, as shown by increased dissolved-solids concentrations and the presence of organic compounds 

in water from wells near these sites. Many of the 

detected organic compounds can be attributed to 

industrial activities. For example, benzene, toluene, 

and xylene (components of gasoline) were detected in water from some wells in the vicinity 

of petroleum industry, and phenol and naphthalene 

(by-products of coal coking) were detected in water 

from some wells near steel industry. Water from 

some wells near areas of waste disposal contained 

the largest concentrations and widest variety of dissolved constituents, reflecting the variety of wastes 

disposed of at these sites.

A more rigorous analysis of the data by 

land use is not possible because of uncertainties 

about past land use and landfilling activities. For 

example, one site near Gary that formerly had been 

a petroleum refinery most recently was operated 

as a chemical-recycling facility and is now abandoned. Prior to these activities, the original ridge 

and swale topography was altered by filling of 

low areas and grading of the tops of ridges. In fact, 

much of the entire study area originally contained 

numerous wetlands that were filled or modified to 

provide suitable building areas. The nature of the 

fill materials is not always known. The widespread 

disposal of slag in the study area is shown to have 

an effect on ground-water quality primarily by

Comparisons of Ground-Water Quality in the Study Area 61
raising pH. The consequence of extremely high 

pH is not understood completely. The variety of 

compounds detected in water from wells near areas 

of slag disposal probably reflects the variety of 

materials that were disposed of along with the slag.

SUMMARY

During June 1993, the USGS, in cooperation 

with the USEPA, collected water samples from 128 

wells in a large industrial and urban area in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois. Samples 

were collected from wells screened in one of 

four geohydrologic units: a surficial sand aquifer 

(Calumet aquifer), a clay confining unit, confined 

sand aquifers, and a carbonate-bedrock aquifer 

(Silurian-Devonian aquifer). Samples were analyzed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

contract laboratories for selected water-quality 

properties, common ions, trace elements, volatile 

and semivolatile organic compounds, and compounds containing pesticides or PCB's. Onsite 

measurements of water temperature, pH, oxidationreduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and specific 

conductance were made during sample collection.

The Silurian-Devonian aquifer and clay confining unit underlie the entire study area. Confined 

sand aquifers are present within the confining unit 

in the eastern part of the study area. The Calumet 

aquifer is at land surface in the eastern two-thirds 

of the study area; the confining unit is at land surface in the western third of the study area.

Measured pH of ground water in the study 

area ranged from 5.3 to 12.1; the median was 7.2. 

Median values of pH are larger in water from the 

Silurian-Devonian and confined sand aquifers than 

in water from the other geohydrologic units. Values 

of pH larger than 8.5 were associated with water 

from bedrock wells or from wells in areas of filled 

or modified land. The largest values of pH were 

measured in water from wells located near areas 

used to dispose of slag from local steel industry.

SJpc>ecific conductance ranged from 106 to 

5,980 fiS/cm; the median was 828 |o,S/cm. Concentrations of dissolved solids ranged from 95 mg/L to 

6,780 mg/L; the median was 674 mg/L. Median 

values of specific conductance and dissolved solids 

were l&rgest for water from the confining unit and 

smallest for water from the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifeb

^ater from wells in the Silurian-Devonian 

aquifer is predominantly a sodium bicarbonate 

type. Water types in confined sand aquifers and 

the confining unit are varied. Water types from 

wells in the Calumet aquifer also are varied, 

although approximately 42 percent of the wells in 

this gqohydrologic unit produced water in which 

calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant cationanion pair. Samples from several shallow wells in 

the confining unit and the Calumet aquifer, and one 

well iri a confined sand aquifer, were classified as 

sodiunji chloride-type water. Except for the well in 

a confined sand aquifer, the occurrence of sodium 

chloride may indicate the effect of deicing salts that 

have washed from the roadway and entered the 

shallow ground water. The presence of sodium 

chloride in water from a confined sand aquifer may 

result from upward flow of water from shale bedrock that underlies the unconsolidated sediments 

in the extreme eastern part of the study area.

Tjie largest concentrations of trace elements 

were hji samples from wells located in or near industrial aijeas or areas of waste disposal; however, 

water from several wells located in residential 

areas had relatively large concentrations of trace 

elements. Barium, the most frequently detected 

trace element in this study, was detected in all 

but one sample. Arsenic, lead, and mercury were 

detected in more than half of the samples. The 

MCL established by the USEPA for chromium 

was exceeded in one sample. SMCL's were 

exceec ed in 29 samples for aluminum and in 

1 sample for copper.

A total of 14 volatile organic compounds on 

the USEPA's target compound list was detected 

in sam Dies from 20 wells. Volatile organic com62 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
pounds were detected in water from the Calumet 

and Silurian-Devonian aquifers and from the 

confining unit. Volatile organic compounds were 

detected in water from wells located near industrial 

and waste-disposal sites and in areas of filled or 

modified land containing sand, slag, construction 

debris, and other materials. Acetone, benzene, 

toluene, and xylene were the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds. Concentrations 

of benzene exceed the MCL in 11 samples. 

The MCL for vinyl chloride was exceeded in 

two samples.

A total of 23 semivolatile organic compounds 

on the USEPA's target compound list was detected 

in samples from 56 wells. Semivolatile organic 

compounds were detected in water from the Calumet and Silurian-Devonian aquifers and from the 

confining unit. The largest concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds were detected in water 

from wells located near waste-disposal sites. 

Phenol, phenanthrene, and naphthalene are among 

the compounds detected most frequently during this 

study. These compounds, along with orthocresol 

and paracresol, were detected in relatively large

concentrations compared to the other semivolatile 

organic compounds. The MCL for benzo[b]fluoranthene was exceeded in one sample.

A total of 18 pesticide compounds was 

detected in water from 29 wells. Pesticides were 

detected in water from the Calumet and SilurianDevonian aquifers and from the confining unit. 

Pesticide compounds were detected in water from 

wells near industrial and waste-disposal facilities 

and from five wells in residential areas. The compounds most frequently detected during this study 

were endrin aldehyde, which was detected in 

water from 14 wells, and p,p'-DOT, which was detected in water from 9 wells. Pesticides were not 

detected in water from any wells in the eastern part 

of the study area.

Compounds that contain PCB's were detected 

in water from only three of the wells that were 

sampled. PCB's were detected in water from the 

Calumet aquifer and the confining unit; one well is 

near industry, and two wells are in areas of modified land near waste disposal. Two of the detected 

concentrations of PCB's exceed the MCL.

Summary 63
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Schwarzenbach, R.P., Gschwend, P.M., and Imboden, 

D.M.; 1993, Environmental Organic Chemistry: 

New York, John Wiley and Sons, 681 p.

Shaver, R.H.; Ault, C.H.; Burger, A.M.; Carr, D.D.; 

Droste, D.L.; Eggert, D.L.; Gray, H.H.; Harper, D.; 

Hasenmueller, N.R.; Hasenmueller, W.A.; Horowitz, A.S.; Hutchison, H.C.; Keith, B.D.; Keller, S.J.; 

Patton, J.B.; Rexroad, C.B.; and Wier, C.E.; 1986, 

Compendium of Paleozoic rock-unit stratigraphy in 

Indiana A revision: Indiana Department of Natural 

Resources Geological Survey Bulletin 59, 203 p.

References Cited 65
REFERENCES CITED Continued

Shedlock, R.J.; Cohen, D.A.; Imbrigiotta, I.E.; and 

Thompson, T.A., 1994, Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern 

shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 92-139, 85 p.

Sienko, M.J., and Plane, R.A., 1974, Chemical principles 

and properties (2d ed.): New York, McGraw-Hill 

Book Company, 788 p.

Simms, D., and Daddow, R.L., 1994, Breakout session 

Data validation, contract lab program (CLP), and 

analytical methods: Las Vegas, Nev., 1994 Department of Defense Environmental Contamination 

(DODEC) Program Conference, April 25-29, 1994, 

[variously paginated].

Stumm, W., and Morgan, J.J., 1981, Aquatic Chemistry 

(2d ed.): New York, John Wiley and Sons, 780 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987, Handbook Ground water: U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, EPA/625/6-87/016, 212 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989,

Preparing perfect project plans A pocket guide 

for the preparation of quality assurance project 

plans: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

EM/600/9-89/087, 62 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992, Drinking 

w^ter regulations and health advisories: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

11

Watson, L.R.; Shedlock, R.J.; Banaszak, K.J.; Arihood, 

L. D.; and Doss, P.K., 1989, Preliminary analysis of 

th£ shallow ground-water system in the vicinity 

of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, 

nojrthwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey 

Otjen-File Report 88-492, 45 p.

Willm^n, H.B., 1971, Summary of the geology of the 

Chicago area: Illinois State Geological Survey 

Circular 460, 77 p.

Willoughby, T.C., 1995, Quality of wet deposition 

in the Grand Calumet River watershed, northwestern Indiana, June 30, 1992-August31, 1993: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Report 

95-4172, 55 p.

66 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
APPENDIX 1

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF WELLS
O)

oo 

O

Table 1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illi

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; SS, stainless steel; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; Galv, galvanized steel; BI, black iron; 

 ound-Water Quality ir

~

CD

£0)

c

£

31

CD 

CQ

f

a

z

o

3.

!CD

3

5"

a5'

3

O 

0)

3

a.

z

o

i

CD 

0)

W

3

g. 55'

COMM, commercial; IND, industrial; NAT 

 , no data]

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

Well name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

Gl

230-138

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

, natural; RES, residential; CS, confined sand aquifer; BR, carbonate-bedrock aquifer; WASTE, waste dispos

Latitude

41°37'

41°38'

41°37'

41°36'

41°35'

41° 38'

41°39'

41°35'

41° 38'

41°36'

41°39'

41° 39'

41°40'

41° 41 '

41°40'

41° 39'

41°37'

41°40'

41° 40'

41°38'

41°36'

41° 39'

41° 39'

41° 39'

41°39'

41°38'

22"

32"

01"

27"

47"

35"

37"

11"

21"

51"

32"

48"

34"

05"

52"

37"

01"

43"

43"

35"

45"

41"

41"

38"

38"

17"

Longitude

87° 30' 41"

87° 32' 36"

87° 11' 09"

87° 31 ' 05"

87° 14' 58"

87° 28' 51"

87° 32' 19"

87° 30' 03"

87° 07' 09"

87° 11' 05"

87° 31' 31"

87° 32' 18"

87° 31' 47"

87° 29 ' 39"

87° 29' 12"

87° 32' 19"

87° 11' 09"

87° 29' 08"

87° 29' 08"

87° 06' 10"

87° 05' 18"

87° 29' 00"

87° 29' 26"

87° 30' 43"

87° 30' 43"

87° 05' 13"

Land-surface 

USGS site altitude 

identification (feet above 

number sea level)

413722087304101

413832087323601

413651087110502

413627087310500

413515087145501

413835087245101

413937087321901

413511087300302

413821087070901

413651087110501

413932087313101

413948087321801

414034087314701

414105087293900

414052087291201

413937087321902

413651087110503

414043087290801

414043087290802

413836087061002

413645087051500

413941087290000

413941087292600

413938087304301

413938087304302

413817087051301

586

587

611

592

613

584

587

590

623

611

584

589

587

585

590

587

611

588

588

607

638

588

584

586

586

609

Screened 

interval 

(feet below 

ground level)

6-9

3-13

49-55

5-8

130-135

4-7

15-20

53-58

40-45

114-119

15-30

13-23

13-23

3-6

8-11

9-12

24-27

17-22

7-10

10-13

48-53

6-9

13-18

17-22

2-5

7-10

Casing/ 

screen 

material 1

SS

PVC/SS

PVC

SS

PVC

SS

PVC

PVC

BI

PVC

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

SS

SS

PVC

Galv

SS

SS

Galv

PVC

SS

SS

SS

SS

Galv
Table 1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

 o

 o

CD

Q. x"

JE

8

I

o

0)

I

§.

o'

(A

2.

1

(A 

O>

tO

Sample 

number

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-031

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

Well name

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

BH31

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

Latitude

41°38'

41°36'

41°39'

41°42'

42"

25"

30"

17"

Longitude

87° 05' 12"

87° 13' 20"

87° 36' 25"

87° 33' 50"

Land-surface 

USGS site altitude 

identification (feet above 

number sea level)

413842087051201

413625087132001

413930087362501

414217087335001

606

606

587

585

Screened 

interval 

(feet below 

ground level)

11-14

6-9

10-20

79-84

Casing/ 

screen 

material1

BI/Galv

SS

PVC/SS

PVC

(see S-036)

41°39'

41°42'

41° 41'

41° 39'

41°39'

41°39'

41° 39'

41° 41'

41°35'

41°36'

41°36'

41°36'

41°36'

41°38'

41°37'

41° 41'

41°37'

41° 36'

41° 36'

41° 40'

41°37'

41°37'

41°43'

38"

10"

38"

50"

47"

09"

16"

09"

50"

29"

22"

52"

31"

44"

06"

15"

52"

47"

30"

11"

32"

32"

40"

87° 35' 07"

87° 35' 25"

87° 35' 48"

87° 34' 30"

87° 30' 25"

87° 28' 03"

87° 36' 54"

87° 35' 25"

87° 16' 38"

87° 14' 26"

87° 16' 13"

87° 16' 54"

87° 18' 20"

87° 31' 04"

87° 18' 18"

87° 36' 31"

87° 22' 35"

87° 19' 19"

87° 18' 21"

87° 34' 30"

87° 10' 57"

87° 10' 57"

87° 34' 32"

413938087350701

414210087352501

414138087354801

413950087343001

413947087302501

413804087291102

413916087365901

414109087352501

413550087163800

413629087142600

413622087161301

413652087165401

413631087182000

413844087310401

413706087181800

414115087363101

413752087223500

413647087191901

413630087182100

414011087343001

413732087105701

413732087105702

414340087343291

586

587

586

589

600

588

590

592

608

606

602

588

590

582

603

589

608

604

603

590

629

629

503

7-11

4-14

5-10

10-15

18-28

5-8

5-15

8-18

34-39

37-42

4-7

2-5

3-6

5-8

34-39

11-21

43-48

18-21

18-23

10-15

115-120

57-62

11-21

PVC

PVC

PVC

PVC

PVC/SS

SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC

PVC

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

PVC/SS

SS

SS

SS

PVC

PVC

PVC

PVC/SS
Table 1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

G

 ound-Water Qu

Si.

3

5'

(D

0

tt

c

3

30

2

8

9.

o

3.

?

(A

3

Q. 55' 

=»

D)

0>

Q.

z 

o

3.

(D

Q>

(A

i

5'

o. (A*

Sample 

number

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

Well name

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

 B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

B3

A20

W3

BH23

232-45

Latitude

41° 44' 42"

41° 44' 42"

41°41 ' 13"

41° 41' 32"

41° 40' 23"

41° 39' 32"

41° 39' 10"

41° 39' 29"

41° 41' 20"

41° 40' 37"

41° 39' 10"

41° 39' 10"

41° 40' 04"

41° 40' 37"

41° 36' 17"

41° 36' 32"

41° 41' 56"

41° 36' 47"

41° 36' 47"

41° 36' 17"

41° 35' 27"

41° 36' 07"

41° 35' 44"

41° 36' 33"

41° 35' 03"

41° 36' 09"

41° 40' 38"

41° 37' 30"

Longitude

87° 32'

87° 32'

87° 32'

87° 36'

87° 34'

87° 33'

87° 33'

87° 31'

87° 30'

87° 36'

87° 33'

87° 33'

87° 35'

87° 36'

87° 22'

87° 23'

87° 33'

87° 28'

87° 28'

87° 26'

87° 25'

87° 25'

87° 23'

87° 22'

87° 19'

87° 14'

87° 38

87° 12'

57"

57"

22"

59"

30"

38"

58"

58"

47"

07"

58"

58"

52"

04"

"52^

40"

17"

25"

25"

20"

43"

22"

37"

20"

35"

28"

'05"

30"

Land-surface Screened 

USGS site altitude interval 

identification (feet above (feet below 

number sea level) ground level)

414442087325702

414442087325701

414113087322201

414132087365901

414023087343001

413932087333801

413910087335802

413929087315801

414120087304701

414037087360701

413910087335801

413910087335803

414004087355201

414037087360401

4t36T7087225202

413632087234001

414156087331701

413647087282502

413647087282501

413617087262001

413527087254301

413607087252200

413544087233700

413633087222000

413503087193501

413609087142802

414038087380501

413726087123600

587

586

587

591

588

590

589

585

585

586

588

589

586

583

596

589

585

589

589

592

599

595

607

594

614

606

622

596

23-33

8-13

6-16

72-77

9-14

7-12

19-29

13-23

10-15

5-10

7-17

69-79

6-11

9-14

8-1 1

7-10

7-17

4-7

18-23

2-5

2-5

17-22

17-20

18-23

21-24

7-10

8-18

38-43

Casing/ 

screen 

material 1

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC

PVC

PVC

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC

PVC

ss

ss

PVC/SS

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

PVC/SS

PVC
Table 1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

 o

1

Q. x"

c/>

§ 

o

1

O

0)

^ 

o

5f

2.

CO

o'

(A

O

i

(A

-g

-*

Sample 

number

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

Well name

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

Latitude

41° 37'

41° 37'

41° 40'

41° 39'

41°39'

41° 36 '

41°42'

41°42'

41°43'

41°41'

41°41'

41° 34'

41° 35'

41°35'

41° 36'

41° 36'

41° 37'

41° 38'

41°41'

41° 39'

41° 39'

41°38'

41°38'

41° 38'

41° 38'

41°39'

41°43'

41°41 '

44"

44"

13"

58"

42"

17"

38"

38"

15"

40"

51"

45"

16"

48"

20"

15"

06"

12"

44"

44"

19"

28"

28"

30"

10"

19"

16"

41"

Longitude

87° 06' 37"

87° 06' 37"

87° 30' 33"

87° 35' 36"

87° 32 ' 56"

87° 22' 52"

87° 40' 11"

87° 40' 11"

87° 31' 31"

87° 42' 19"

87° 32' 02"

87° 20' 47"

87° 22' 23"

87° 20' 40"

87° 20' 44"

87° 20' 13"

87° 15' 07"

87° 27' 02"

87° 30' 41"

87° 35' 25"

87° 32' 30"

87° 25' 13"

87° 25' 13"

87° 26' 00"

87° 30' 52"

87° 32 ' 30"

87° 31' 31"

87° 34' 37"

Land-surface 

USGS site altitude 

identification (feet above 

number sea level)

413744087063702

413744087063701

414013087303300

413958087353601

413942087325601

413617087225201

414238087401102

414238087401101

414315087313101

414140087421901

414151087320201

413445087204701

413516087222301

413548087204001

413620087204401

413615087201301

413706087150701

413812087270201

414144087304101

413944087352501

413919087323001

413828087251301

413828087251302

413830087260000

413810087305201

413919087323002

414316087313102

414141087343701

608

608

585

585

584

596

566

568

592

626

587

610

602

603

601

600

599

586

587

588

584

589

589

587

587

584

592

586

Screened 

interval 

(feet below 

ground level)

71-76

20-25

8-13

3-13

10-20

32-37

75-90

5-15

8-18

10-20

6-16

9-19

10-20

9-19

10-20

14-24

10-20

6-9

_

5-15

10-15

23-28

8-13

4-7

9-12

45-55

35-45

8-18

Casing/ 

screen 

material 1

PVC

PVC

ss

PVC

PVC

ss

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

ss

PVC

PVC

PVC/SS

ss

ss

ss

ss

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

PVC/SS
Table 1. Selected characteristics of wells from which water samples were collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

o

o

Q.

-Water Qual

 <

3

CD

Oo>

c

CD

30 

CD 

(O

O

O

3.

CD

C?

Q. 5'

-§ 

0>

Q.

O

heastern Illi

§

<0

Land-surface

Sample 

number Well name Latitude

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115 

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119 

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125 

S-126

S-127

S-128 

S-129

1

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S 

D75

C12

LK13

120 

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4 

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6 

C2

One material

41° 39'

41°43'

41°35'

41°42'

41° 42' 

41° 34'

41° 36'

41° 35'

41°40' 

41°42'

41°42'

41°42'

41°40'

41°40'

41°40' 

41°40'

41°40'

41°40' 

41° 40'

52"

16"

15"

50"

50" 

35"

50"

59"

25" 

15"

51"

02"

23"

18"

16" 

21"

21"

10" 

31"

Longitude

87° 32' 59"

87° 31' 31"

87° 29' 14"

87° 36' 24"

87° 36' 24" 

87° 29' 19"

87° 26' 20"

87° 27' 03"

87° 33' 23" 

87° 33' 27"

87° 33' 28"

87° 33' 18"

87° 36' 34"

87° 36' 45"

87° 36' 34" 

87° 36 '34"

87° 36' 34"

87° 36' 34" 

87° 24' 50"

USGS site 

identification 

number

413952087325901

414316087313103

413515087291401

414250087362402

414250087362401 

413435087291901

413650087262000

413559087270301

414025087334301 

414215087332701

414251087332801

414202087331801

414021087363402

414018087364501

414016087363401 

414010087363402

414021087363401

414010087363401 

414031087245001

altitude 

(feet above 

sea level)

586

593

603

597

596 

601

584

592

592

588

586

594

600

591

593 

592

600

591 

594

Screened

interval 

(feet below 

ground level)

18-28

58-68

6-9

68-78

28-38 

5-8

13-18

18-23

10-15 

13-18

11-16

10-20

79-89

7-17

9-19 

70-80

19-29

9-19 

14-19

Casing/ 

screen 

material1

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

ss

PVC/SS

PVC/SS

ss

ss

PVC

PVC

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

PVC

ss

ss 

ss

listed indicates casing and screen are both constructed of that material.
APPENDIX 2

QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA
o

Table 3. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet R

[mg/L, milligram per liter; CaCO3 , calcium carbonate; ng/L, microgram per liter; e, estimated; b, constituent also detected in laboratory calibration blank

o

Q.

<D

0

9L

5'

Oo>

c 

3

2

30

(Q5'

a

o

3. 3-

i

3

Q. 5°

3TB^ 

U

3 

Q.

Z

O

0>

CO

»

3

5°

o.

w

neaaer are u .&.

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

ueoiogicai &un

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

/ey WAisiUKti

Acidity,

(mg/L

as

CaCO3)

(00435)

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

15.4e

0

0

Dissolved

solids

(mg/L)

(70301)

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

ma u.5. tnvironrm

Calcium,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91051)

82.2b

<42.3

<42.3

65. Ib

93. 8b

<42.3

323b

Suspended

solids

(mg/L)

(70299)

<3e

<3

<3

<3e

4,5

<3

<3

:ntai protection Age

Magnesium,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91052)

47. Ib

55b

<46.4

47.2b

<46.4

<46.4

I93b

Ammonia

(mg/L)

(00610)

<0.1

< 1

<1

<1

.3e

.2

.4e

ncy 5 1 UKE i parai

Sodium,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91053)

<66.2

5llb

<66.2

454b

<66.2

<66.2

279b

Iron,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01046)

<4.8

27.3b

11. 7b

19b

<4.8

6.8b

56.3b

meter coaesj

Potassium,

dissolved

(Hg/L)

(91054)

<188

<188

<188

<188

<188

<188

252b

Magnesium,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01056)

<1.8

<1.8

<1.8

<1.8

<1.8

<1.8

12.2b

Alkalinity

(mg/L S

as di

CaCO3) (

(00417) (0

20.8e 

2.72e 

20.3e 

3l.7e 

4.95e 

l.24e 

41. 8e 

Total

organic

carbon

(mg/L)

(00680)

<2e

<2e

<2e

<2e

<2e

<2e

<2
Table 4. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana a

[|ag/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated value; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. E

STORET parameter codes]

1

Q. x"

to 

O

fiL

£

c

ranee Data

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004 

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4 

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

Aluminum, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01106)

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

52. le

390

Mercury,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(71890)

<0.1e

<.le

<.le

<.le

<.l

<.l

Antimony, Arsenic, 

dissolved dissolved

(ng/L) (ng/L)

(01095) (01000)

<17.9 <1.7

<17.9 <1.7

<17.9 <l.7

<17.9 <l.7

<17.9 <1.7

<17.9 2.5

<17.9 <1.7

Nickel, Selenium,

dissolved dissolved

(ng/L) (ng/L)

(01065) (01145)

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3 

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

Barium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01005)

<2.5

2.5e

<2.5

<2.5

<2.5

<2.5

4e

Silver,

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01075)

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Co

dissolved dissolved dissolved diss

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (n

(01010) (01025) (01030) (0

<0.5 <1.7 <5.8 <

<.5 <l.7 <5.8 <

<.5 <1.7 <5.8 <

<.5 <l.7 <5.8 <

<.5 <l.7 <5.8 <

<.5 <1.7 <5.8 

<.5 <l.7 <5.8 

Thallium, Vanadium, Zinc, Cyani

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissol

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

(01057) (01085) (01090) (0072

<1.1 <3.3 <3.4 <10

2.8 <3.3 <3.4 <10

<l.l <3.3 <3.4 <10

<l.l <3.3 <3.4 <10 

<1.1 <3.3 <3,4 <10

<l.l <3.3 <3.4 <10

1.4 <3.3 <3.4 <10
o

Table 5. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks and trip blanks collected in the Calu

June 1993

round-Water Qualit'

/ in theCa

c

CD

30 

CD

5'

a

z 

o

3"

i

»

Q. 5'

0)

3 

Q.

Z 

O

3.

»

~

3 

O 55'

[jag/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated value; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Lreological Survey WA1 s I UKh and U.S. b

parameter codes]

Sample 

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-006 

R-007

R-008

R-009

IV-U 1 (J

R-011

R-012

R-013

R-014

R-015

R-016

R-017

R-018

R-019

R-020

Carbon 1,1 -Di- 

Vinyl Chloro- Methylene di- chloro- 

Chloro- Bromo- chloride, ethane, chloride, Acetone, sulfide, ethylene, 

methane methane total total total total total total 

Sample (n9/L) (M9/L) (M9/L) (M9/L) (n9/L) (M9/L) (M9/L) (M9/L) 

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552) (77041) (34501) 

MB1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MBS <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 4e <10 <10 

TB5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB9 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB15 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 5. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks and trip blanks collected in the Calu

June 1993 Continued

TJ 

IS

Q. x'

to 

0 

SL

%

(A

C

i

a

rt>

D

CD

&

Sample 

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-006

R-007

R-008

R-009

R-010

R-011

R-012

R-013

R-014

R-015

R-016 

R-017

R-018

R-019

R-020

Methyl- 1,1,1-Tri- Carbon Di-chloro- 1,2-Di- cis-1,3-Di- Tri- 

1,2-Di- ethyl- chloro- tetra- bromo- chloro- chloro- chloro- 

chloro- ketone, ethane, chloride, methane, propane, propene, ethlyene, 

ethane total total total total total total total 

name (32103) (81595) (34506) (32102) (32101) (34541) (34704) (39180) 

MB1 <10 5e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB3 <10 5e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MBS <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB3 <10 <IO <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MB7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB9 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

TB15 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
o

Table 5. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks and trip blanks collected in the Ca

June 1993 Continued

0

3

Q. 

k

to

<D

0

§.

3

5°

j

(D 

£>

C

30

(S5'

0

0

a

f

i

3

5"

Q. 5°

 3 

0)

to

a.

z

0

3

S

i

5"

0. 55'

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-006

R-007

R-008

R-009

R-010

R-011

R-012

R-013

R-014

R-015

R-016

R-017

R-018

R-019

R-020

trans-1,3-

Di- Methylchloro- Bromo- isobutyl

propane, form, ketone,

total total total

Sample (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

name (34699) (32104) (78133)

MB1 <10 <10 <10

MB2 <10 <10 <10

MBS <10 <10 <10

MB4 <10 <10 <10

MBS <10 <10 <10

TB1 <10 <10 <10

TB2 <10 <10 <10

TB3 <10 <10 <10

MB6 <10 <10 <10

TB4 <10 <10 <10

TB5 <10 <10 <10

TB9 <10 <10 <10

MB7 <10 <10 <10

TB7 <10 <10 <10

TB8 <10 <10 <10

TB9 <10 <10 <10

TB10 <10 <10 <10

TB11 <10 <10 <10

TB12 <10 <10 <10

TB15 <10 <10 <10

1,1,2,2-

Tetra- Tetra2-Hexa- chloro- chloro- Ch

none, ethylene, ethane, Toluene, ben

total total total total to

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (i-ig/L) (n

(77103) (34475) (34516) (34010) (34

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<1Q <10 <1Q <1Q <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <

<10 <10 <10 <10 <
Table 6. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet Region, India

[)ug/L, microgramper liter; <, less than; e, estimated; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental P

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Phenols,

total

Sample (ng/L)

name (32730)

MB01 <10

MB02 <10

MB03 2e

MB04 <10

MB05 <10

MB06 <10

MB07 <10

2,4-Dimethylphenol,

total

Sample (|ig/L)

name (34606)

MB01 <10

MB02 <10

MB03 <10

MB04 <10

MB05 <10

MB06 <10

MB07 <10

Bis(2-

Chloro- 2-2'-

ethyl) 1,3-Di- 1,4-Di- Ortho oxybis Para

ether, chloro- chloro- o-Chloro- cresol, 1-Chloro- cresol,

total 2-phenol, benzene benzene benzene total propane total

(ng/L) (ng/L) (iig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

(34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) ( --)1 (77146)

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 .5e <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

Bis(2- Parachloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4-Tri- Hexa- chloro- 2-Methyl

ethoxy) chloro- chloro- Naphth- chloro- meta naphmethane, phenol, benzene, alene, 4-Chloro- buta- cresol, thalene,

total total total total aniline diene total total

(ng/L) (ng/L) (iig/L) (iig/L) (|ig/L) (|ig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

(34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391) (34452) (30194)

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <!0

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <!0

N-Nitro

sodi-Npropylamine,

total

(ng/L)

(34428)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene,

total

(ng/L)

(34386)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<io

<10

<10
Table 6. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

name

MB01

MB02

MB03

MB04

MB05

MB06

MB07

Sample

name

MB01

MB02

MB03

MB04

MB05

MB06

MB07

Dimethyl

phthalate,

total

(ng/L)

(34341)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

NNltrosodiphenylamine,

total

(ng/L)

(34433)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Ace- 2,6-Di- Ace- 2,4-Dinapth- nitro- 3-Nitro naphth- nitro- 4-Nitroylene, toluene, niline,

total total total

(iug/L) (|ug/L) (|ug/L)

(34200) (34626) (78300)

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

4-

Bromophenyl Hexa- Pentaphenyl chloro- chloroether, benzene, phenol,

total total total

(ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L)

(34636) (39700) (39032)

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

ene, phenol, phenol,

total total total

(lug/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

(34205) (34616) (34646)

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

<10 <25 <25

Phenan- Anthra

Di- 2,4-Di- Diethyl 

benzo- nitro- phthal- 

furan, toluene, ate, 

total total total 

(lug/L) (|ug/L) (|ug/L) 

(81302) (34611) (34336) 

<10 <10 0.5

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

Di-N- 

butyl 

phthal- Fluor- 

threne, cene, Carba- ate, anthene, P

total total zole

(|ug/L) (|Lig/L) (ng/L)

(34461) (34220) (-- ) 1

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10

total total 

(ng/L) fog/L) 

(39110) (34376) (

0.5e <10 

<10 <10 

<10 <10 

<10 <10 

<10 <10 

<10 <10 

.7e <10 
Table 6. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in sampling-device blanks collected in the Calumet Region, India

Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample

number

R-001

R-002

R-003

R-004

R-005

R-009

R-013

Sample

name

MB01

MB02

MB03

MB04

MB05

MB06

MB07

Chrysene,

total

(ng/L)

(34320)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Bis(2- 

ethylhexyl)

phthalate,

total

(ng/L)

(39100)

<10

le

.9e

2e

.7e

<10

<10

Di-noctyl

phthalate,

total

(ng/L)

(34596)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Benzo(b)

fluoranthene,

total

(ng/L)

(34230)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Benzo(k)

fluoranthene,

total

(ng/L)

(34242)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Benzo(a)

pyrene,

total

(ng/L)

(34247)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Indeno

(1,2,3-

cd)

pyrene,

total

(ng/L)

(34403)

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

1,2,5,6

Dibenzanthra- Ben

cene, per

total t

(ng/L) (n

(34556) (3

<10 <

<10 <

<10 <

<10 <

<10 <

<10 <

<10 <

'No available WATSTORE or STORE! parameter code for this compound.
Table 7. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in sampling-device blanks collected 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

~^ LKo' ^' iiliuiugiaiii pti mti , ^, 11^33 man, uuiiiutia 111 ^aitiiiiit»ta 111 i/vjiuimi utauti ait w .0. vjtuivjgii^ai L>UI vt_y YV/^I LJ i wivi_^ aiiu W.L>. 1^11 vuuiiiiitiiiai ri uiti/u

§ parameter codes]

Q.

I

O

SL

 <

j* Sample

g" number

| R-001

| R-002

00 R-003

<§

5- R-004

o R-005

f R-009

HL

1" R-013

(D

(0

 ^

5"

Q. 5*

a 

§ Sample

tt number

3. R-001

8 R-002

(O

S> R-003

3

= R-004

1. R-005

(A

R-009

R-013

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

Sample

name

MB-1

MB-2

MB-3

MB-4

MB-5

MB-6

MB-7

Alpha 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(39337)

O.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Endrin,

 total 

(39390)

<0.1

< 1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<-l

<.l

Beta 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

Endosulfan II,

totnl

loiai

(34356)

<0.1

< 1

<. 1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

Delta 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

P, P'

DDD,

fofnl

Iwtal

(39310)

<0.1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

Lindane,

total

(ng/L)

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Endosulfan

sulfate,

(ng/L)

(82623)

<0.1

<.l

<.l

<,1

<.l

<.l

<.l

Heptachlor,

total

(ng/L)

(39410)

<0.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

P,P'

DOT, 

total

(39300)

<0.1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

< !

<.l

Aldrin,

total

(ng/L)

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Methoxychlor,

4^^4^l _____

total

(39480)

<0.5

<.5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Heptachlor Endoepoxide, sulfan I,

total

(ng/L)

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

Endrin

ketone,

§j->4^|

total

(^g/L)

(78008)

<0.1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

<-l

<.l

total

(ng/L)

(34361)

<0.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<,05

<.05

Endrin Alp

aide- Chl

hyde, dan

total to

(ng/L) (^g

(82622) (393

<0.1 <0

<.l <

<.l <

<.l <

<l <

<.l <

<.l <
 o

1

Q. 5' 

ro

O 

o>

Table 7. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in sampling-device 

blanks collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor

1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260

PCB, PCB, PCB, PCB, PCB, PCB, PCB,

total total total total total total total

Sample Sample (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

number name (34671) (34988) (39492) (39496) (39500) (39504) (39508)

R-001 MB-1 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-002 MB-2 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-003 MB-3 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-004 MB-4 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-005 MB-5 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-009 MB-6 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

R-013 MB-7 <1 <2 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Table 8. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, I

June 1993

[mg/L, milligram per liter; CaCC^, calcium carbonate; ng/L, microgram per liter; N, nitrogen; e, estimated; <, less than; , no data; numbers in parentheses 

are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET parameter codes]

Ground-Water Qua!

 <

3'

CD

O

SL

c

3

£

(So'

3

a

z

o

3

I

i

3

5"

Q.

to

3

0)

Q.

Z

o

3

CD 

0)

SCD

3

5'

o 55'

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Sample 

name

E10

E10

BH8

BH8

225

225

BH31

BH31

BH31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH28

BH28

BH23

BH23

232-45

232-45

BH18S

BH18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH11

BH11

WS7

WS7

Acidity 

(mg/L 

as 

CaCO3) 

(00435)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-

__

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Calcium, 

dissolved

(91051)

128,000

126,000

50,200

48,900

46,800

46,300

175,000

177,000

163,000

53,700

54,200

186,000

184,000

226,000

222,000

111,000

122,000

78,200

78,200

168,000

179,000

128,000

123,000

109,000

117,000

514,000

516,000

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(91052)

42,200

41,500

20,600

20,100

8,630

8,540

<46

<46

<46

8,940

9,020

301,000

300,000

44,200

43,400

46,000

48,400

16,400

16,400

5,410

6,020

28,100

27,300

16,400

17,600

22,800

23,000

Sodium, 

dissolved

(91053)

10,300

10,200

35,800

35,000

5,060

4,980

56,800

57,400

56,000

4,260

4,260

221,000

221,000

239,000

220,000

23,900

20,100

7,660

7,530

62,300

64,300

14,100

13,500

5,870

6,400

16,900

16,800

Potassium, 

dissolved

(91054)

5,310

5,310

3,120

3,220

11,200

11,300

79,700

80,600

76,500

555

782

30,500

30,900

8,330

8,070

1,680

1,560

1,970

2,080

24,300

24,700

4,920

4,480

2,130

2,200

61,400

61,100

Alkalinity 

(mg/L 

as 

CaCO3) 

(00417)

422e

424e

275e

263e

131e

121e

305e

336e

284e

163e

-

__

810e

298e

302e

228e

227e

237e

237

24.9e

50.7

203

267e

255e

261e

74.6e

73.6e

Sulfate, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00945)

28e

35e

8e

12e

31e

30e

98e

98e

lOOe

27.3e

~

._

700e

180e

130e

66e

30.3e

<5e

<5

440e

438

180

155

54

60

1,570

1,450
Table 8. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

 o

1

Q. S'

to

0

c 

Si

"?

«A 

(A

C

3

(D

O

ja

oo

Ul

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Sample 

name

E10

E10

BH8

BH8

225

225

BH31

BH31

BH31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH28

BH28

BH23

BH23

232-45

232-45

BH18S

BH18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH11

BH11

WS7

WS7

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

20.5e

19.3e

25.9e

25.4e

11. 2e

10.6e

lO.le

9.48e

10.8e

18.4

-

22.7

21.8

22.5

11.8

13.1

18.6

19.1e

32.3

30.6e

29.6e

29. le

19.7

18.6

51.8

54.8

Dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70301)

523

542

322

306

172

181

776

782

704

224

-

2,380

1,654

1,681

652

660

367

359

872

946

622

604

428

439

2,310

2,360

Suspended 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70299)

18.5e

9.5e

6.5e

3.0e

8.5e

6.5e

6.5e

6.5e

27.5

<3.0

-

93.0

12.75

12.5

5.0

8.5

14.0

14.0

54.0

34.0

9.0

7.0e

13.5e

8.0e

5.0e

lO.Oe

Ammonia 

(mg/L as N) 

(00610)

1.94

1.93

4.2e

4.88

.30e

.30e

2.7e

3.0e

3.5e

.30e

-

<.10

.30e

.50e

<.10e

<,10

.60e

.8e

1.3e

1.3e

l.OOe

,9

.3e

.4e

.37e

.4e

Iron, 

dissolved

(01046)

3,480

3,440

1,710

1,610

1,430

1,410

883

910

846

2,030

2,050

25,600

25,900

3,600

3,250

1,360

717

6,160

6,160

27.9

28.2

2,870

2,770

1,990

2,350

1,130

1,090

Manganese, 

dissolved

(MS/I-)

(01056)

631

622

86.5

85.3

311

306

<1.8

<1.8

<1.8

86.7

86.0

462

478

485

468

361

367

67.0

68.5

41.4

52.0

148

142

486

462

99.0

99.0

Total 

organic 

carbon 

(mg/L) 

(00680)

9.1e

9.4e

3.7e

5.5e

5.7e

6.4e

8.6e

9.3e

7.9e

6.9e

-

61.9

4.0e

3.6e

<2.0e

2.7e

26.5

9.2e

5.5e

3.7e

4.1e

4.2e

5.3e

5.0e

2.25e

6.7e
Table 9. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

[ng/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated value; --, no data; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE an

STORET parameter codes]

CT 

0

3 

O.

0)

g>

0

9*.

.£

5'

31 

O

E

3

s.

33 

0>

(05'

3

a

O

!

s

3

5"

a.

0)

0)

a.

0

3"

a> 

g

3

E5'

0w'

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Well 

name

E-10

E-10

BH-8

BH-8

225

225

BH-31

BH-31

BH-31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH-28

BH-28

BH-23

BH-23

232-45

232-45

BH-18S

BH-18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH-11

BH-11

WS7

WS7

Aluminum, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01106)

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

508

525

446

74.9e

34.6e

<20.9

<20.9

21.3

34.3

23.0

20.9

<20.9

<20.9

50.3

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

233

102

<20.9

<20.9

Antimony, 

dissolved

(ng/U

(01095)

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

Arsenic, 

dissolved

(ng/U

(01000)

<1.7

<l.7

22.6

22.6

1. 9

2.5

1.8

3.7

2.1

8.7

6.9

292

294

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

15.3

16.2

<1.7

2

3.3

3

<1.7

1.9

<1.7

<1.7

Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium, 

dissolved dissolved dissolved 

(ng/L) (n9/L) (ng/L) 

(01005) (01010) (01025)

47.1 <0.5 <1.7

49.6 <.5 <1.7

128 <.5 <1.7

126 <.5 <1.7

16.1 <.5 <1.7

16.1 <.5 <1.7

134 <.5 <1.7

137 <.5 <1.7

129 <.5 <1.7

35.6 .77e <1.7

35.6 <.5 <1.7

232e <1.2 <1.5

262e <1.2 <1.5

138 <1.2 <1.5

138 <1.2 <1.5

26.3 <1.2 <1.5

20 <1.2 <1.5

75.3 <1.2 <1.5

77.9 <1.2 <1.5

57.1 <1.2 <1.5

55.4 <1.2 <1.5

121 <1.2 <1.5

116 <1.2 <1.5

47.8 <1.2 <1.5

49 <1.2 <1.5

25.1 <1.2 <1.5

30.2 <1.2 <1.5

Chromium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(01030)

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.8

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1

<5.1
Table 9. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

 o

I

Q. x" 

ro

O

ality-Assurance

o

0)

»

*v%

Sample 

number

S-001 

D-001

S-011 

D-011

S-021 

D-021

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

S-041 

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082 

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101 

D-101

S-lll 

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Well 

name

E-10 

E-10

BH-8 

BH-8

225 

225

BH-31 

BH-31 

BH-31

235-45 

235-45

115

115

BH-28

BH-28

BH-23

BH-23

232-45 

232-45

BH-18S

BH-18S

MW-1 

MW-1

BH-11 

BH-11

WS7

WS7

Mercury, 

dissolved

(71890)

0.1 5e

.12e

.54e 

.28e 

.2e

<.l

.13

<.l

< !

<.l

< '

.11 

.13

<.l

.22e

.18e

.45e

.12e 

.13e

.14e

.13e

Nickel, 

dissolved

(01065)

^O. 1 

^O. 1

^o. 1

^o. 1 

^o. 1

^o. 1 

^o. 1

<Q, 1

^o. 1

^o. 1

<4.7

<4.7

12

14.5

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

Selenium, 

dissolved

(01145)

<2.3 

<2.3

<2.3 

<2.3

<2.3 

<2.3

3.8 

3.7 

4.9

<2.3 

<2.3

<3.5

<3.5

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<2.3 

<2.3

3.4e

<2.3

<2.3 

<2.3

4

4.4

<2.3

<2.3

Silver, 

dissolved

(01075)

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5 

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Thallium, Vanadium, 

dissolved dissolved

(01057) (01085)

2.3e 3.7 

2.0e <3.3

<l.l <3.3 

<l.l 3.8

<l.l <3.3 

2.8e <3.3

<1.1 12.4 

2.7e 13 

2.1e 14

2.2e <3.3 

2.2e <3.3

8.1

7.7

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

2.5e <2.6 

1.2e <2.6

<1.1 52.7

<1.1 51.6

1.1 <2.6 

<1.1 3

<1.1 <2.6 

1.4 <2.6

2.1 <2.6

2 <2.6
Table 10. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated value; --, no data; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE an

s

o

o

c

3

Q.

!

9

O

fi).

5'

<D

E" 

3

<D

31

<D

(O

I

9.

z

0

3.

1

i

3

5"

Q. 5'

3 o»

fi)

3

Q.

O

3

<D

fi)

S

3

5' 

o55'

^VgWUVJf LJ i \-^l\.

Sample

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S f>71 -U / 1 

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

LJ I pCU WlliV/lV/1 V/*JV»V/OJ

Carbon, 1,1 -D

Vinyl Chloro- Methylene di- chlor

Chloro- Bromo- chloride, ethane, chloride, Acetone, sulfide, ethyle

methane methane total total total total total tota

Well (n9/L) (n9/L) (M9/L) (^9/l-) (M9/U (M9/L) (M9/I-) (^9/l

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552) (77041) (3450

E10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

E10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

225 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

225 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 19 <10 <10 

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 8e <10 <10 

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 19 <10 <10 

235-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

235-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

115 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

115

BH°8 <10 g'lQ ^{Q <^H) ^10 <\Q <lft -^Tfr 

BH28 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

232-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

232-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

WS7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

WS7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 10. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana a

Sample 

number

S-001 

D-001

Well 

name

Chloroform, 

total

(ng/L) 

(32106)

1,2-Dichloroethane

Methylethylketone, 

total

1,1,1-Trichloroethane,

total

Carbon 

tetrachloride, 

total

Di-chlorobromomethane,

total

1,2-Dichloropropane,

total

cis-1,3-

Di-chloropropene,

total

(32103) (81595) (34506) (32102)) (32101) (34541) (34704) 

E10 

E10

S-011 

D-011

BH8 

BH8

S-021 

D-021

225

225

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

S-041 

D-041

235-45 

235-45

S-051 

D-051

115

115

S-071 

D-071

BH28 

BH28

1

Q. x' 

ro

0

0)

<A 

(A

3 

O 

(D

0

I

S-081 

D-081

S-082 

D-082

S-091 

D-091

S-101 

D-101

S-lll 

D-lll

BH23 

BH23

232-45 

232-45

BH18S 

BH18S

MW-1 

MW-1

BH11 

BH11

S-121 

D-121

WS7 

WS7
Ground-Wa

Qua

Table 10. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Sample 

number

Well 

name

1,1,2-Trichloroethane,

total

(H9/L)

(34511)

Benzene, 

total

(34030)

trans1,3-Dichloropropane,

total

(H9/L)

(34699)

Bromoform, 

total

(ng/L)

(32104)

Methyl

isobutyl

ketone,

total

(H9/L)

(78133)

2-Hexanone, 

total

(ng/U

(77103)

Tetrachloroethylene,

total

(H9/L)

(34475)

1,1,2,2-

Tetrachloroethane,

Toluene, 

total

(34516) (34010)

Ch

be

t

(n

(3

S-001 

D-001

E10 

E10

c

0> 

3D

<S. 

o

o

3.

!

(0

S-011 

D-011

S-021 

D-021

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

S-041 

D-041

BH8 

BH8

225

225

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

235-45 

235-45

I

0)

«^

0) 

Q.

S-051 

D-051

S-071 

D-071

115

115

BH28 

BH28

S-081 

D-081

BH23 

BH23

S-082 

D-082

S-091 

D-091

232-45 

232-45

BH18S 

BH18S

S-101 

D-101

MW-1 

MW-1

S-lll 

D-lll

BH11 

BH11

S-121 

D-121

WS7 

WS7
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

[(ig/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmenta

Phenols,

total

Bis(2- 

Chloroethyl)

ether,

total

2-phenol,

total

1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzene

o-Chlorobenzene

Ortho

cresol,

total

2-2'-

oxybis Para

1-Chloro- cresol

propane total

Sample 

number

Well 

name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) (77146

S-001 

D-001

E10 

E10

S-011 

D-011

BH8 

BH8

S-021 

D-021

225

225

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

26

24

23

.8

.7

le

S-041 

D-041

235-45 

235-45

S-051 

D-051

115

115

s 

1

Q. x' 

ro

S-071 

D-071

S-081 

D-081

S-082 

D-082

BH28 

BH28

BH23 

BH23

232-45 

232-45

n

9

D 

to

5?

S-091 

D-091

S-101 

D-101

S-lll 

D-lll

BH18S 

BH18S

MW-1 

MW-1

BH11 

BH11

S-121 

D-121

WS7 

WS7
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

Ground-Wa

Qua

CD 

O

CO.

c

CD

3D 

CD 

(O5'

o

a.

I 

w

Isophorone,

total

2-Nitrophenol,

total

2,4-Dimethylphenol,

total

Bis(2-

chloroethoxy)

methane,

total

2,4-Dichlorophenol,

total

1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneNaphthalene,

total

4-Chloroaniline

Sample 

number

Well 

name (34408) (34591) (34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) 

S-001 

D-001

S-011 

D-011

S-021 

D-021

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

S-041 

D-041

E10 

E10

BH8 

BH8

225

225

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

235-45 

235-45

Q.

CO 

Q.

Z

o

3.

S-051 

D-051

115

115

S-071 

D-071

S-081 

D-081

S-082 

D-082

S-091 

D-091

BH28 

BH28

BH23 

BH23

232-45 

232-45

BH18S 

BH18S

S-101 

D-101

MW-1 

MW-1

S-lll 

D-lll

BH11 

BH11

S-121 

D-121

WS7 

WS7
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

 o

 §

3 

Q. 5'

ro

0

gj.

(A

(A

3

3

O

(D

O 

&>

5?

<O

CO

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, 

total 

Well (ng/L) 

name (34386)

E10 <10

E10 <10

BH8 <10

BH8 <10

225 <10

225 <10

BH31 <10

BH31 <10

BH31 <10

235-45 <10

235-45 <10

115 <10

115 <10

BH28 <10

BH28 <10

BH23 <10

BH23 <10

232-45 <10

232-45 <10

BH18S <10

BH18S <10

MW-1 <10

MW-1 <10

BH11 <10

BH11 <10

WS7 <10

WS7 <10

2,4,6-Tri- 2,4,5-Tri- 2-Chloro- Ace- 2,6-Dichloro- chloro- naph- Di-methyl napth- nitro- 

phenol, phenol, thalene, 2-Nitro- phthalate, ylene, toluene, 

total total total aniline total total total 

(34621) (77687) (34581) (30195) (34341) (34200) (34626) 

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <]

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <l

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

<10 <25 <

< 1 0 <25 <

<10 <25 <

0 <25 <10 <1

0 <25 <10 <1

10 <25 <10 <]

10 <25 <10 <1

10 <25 <10 <1

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <25 <10 <

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 

10 <10 
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, Ind

Ground-Water Qualil

 ^_

5'

CD

O

SL

c

3

CD

33

CD 

(Q5'

3

Z

o

3.

I

(A

3

5~

Q. 5'

tu

tu

Q. 

Z

0

CD

ttt 

(A

CD

^

3

5'

O55'

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Well 

name

E10

E10

BH8

BH8

225

225

BH31

BH31

BH31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH28

BH28

BH23

BH23

232-45

232-45

BH18S

BH18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH11

BH11

WS7

WS7

4-Nitrophenol, 

total

(34646)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

4-Chloro2,4-Di- phenyl 

Di-benzo- nitro- Diethyl phenyl 

furan, toluene, phthalate, ether, Fluorene, 4-Nitrototal total total total total aniline

(81302) (34611) (34336) (34641) (34381) (30196)

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <IO <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <IO <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <IC <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 .5e <10 <10 <25

2-Methyl 

4,6-Dinitrophenol

(30204)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

N-Ni

sod

phen

ami

tot

(344

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<1

<10 

<1

<1

<10 

<10 

<10 

<1
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

Sample 

number

Well 

name

Phenan- Di-N-butyl Fluorthrene, Anthracene, phthalate, anthene, 

total total Carbazole total total

Pyrene, 

total

N-Butyl

benzyl

phthalate,

total

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine,

total

Benz

anthra

tot

(34461) (34220) (.......)1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (34292) (34631) (345

S-001 

D-001

E10 

E10

S-011 

D-011

BH8 

BH8 

S-021 

D-021

225

225

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

.5e 

S-041 

D-041

235-45 

235-45

le

S-051 

D-051

115

115

TJ

1 

Q. S'

ro 

O 

u

S-071 

D-071

S-081 

D-081

S-082 

D-082

S-091 

D-091

BH28 

BH28

BH23 

BH23

232-45 

232-45

BH18S 

BH18S

.6e 

O

§

S-101 

D-101

S-lll 

D-lll

MW-1 

MW-1

BH11 

BH11

S-121 

D-121

WS7 

WS7
Table 11. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in duplicate samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

3 Ground-Water Q

c 

3L

 3

5"

o>

O

SJ.

c

i

(D

(Q5"

3

a

0

a.

I

^

5"

Q. 5"

fll

Q.

z 

o

a

o>

Q)

(O

3

055'

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Indeno 

Benzo(b) Benzo(k) (1,2,3- 1,2,5,6- 

Di-n-octyl fluor- fluor- Benzo(a) cd) Dibenz- Benzo(g,h,i) 

phthalate, anthene, anthene, pyrene, pyrene, anthracene, perylene, 

total total total total total total total

name (34596) (34230) (34242) (34247) (34403) (34556) (34521)

E10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

225 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

225 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

235-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

235-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

115 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

115 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH28 <m <in <in <io <in <io <io

BH28 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

232-45 le <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

232-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18S <10- <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS7 <10 .5e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

'No available WATSTORE or STORET parameter code for this compound.
Table 12. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in duplicate sa

the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

[u.g/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated; p, more than 25 percent difference between the two gas chromatograph colum

value is reported; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental Prote

parameter codes]

 o

 o

Q. x" 

ro

O

0)

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Well 

name

E10

E10

BH8

BH8

225

225

BH31

BH31

BH31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH28

BH28

BH23

BH23

232-45

232-45

BH18S

BH18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH11

BH11

WS7

WS7

Alpha 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39337)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Beta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Delta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Lindane, 

total

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor, 

total

(39410)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

Aldrin, 

total

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

Heptachlor 

epoxide, 

total

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05
(O 

CO

O 

o

a.

i

o

2. 

3

5'

(0

O

SL

c

a

30 

(0 

(Q

O

3.

Table 12. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in duplicate samp

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-001 

D-001

S-011 

D-011

S-021 

D-021

S-031 

D-031 

S-036

S-041 

D-041

p.p'DDE, 

total

Endrin, 

total

Endosulfanll,

total

p,p'DDD, 

total

Endosulfan

sulfate,

total

Well 

name (39320) (39390) (34356) (39310) (82623)

p,p' DDT, 

total

(ng/L) 

(39300)

Methoxychlo

total

(ng/L)

(39480

E10 

E10

BH8 

BH8

225

225

BH31 

BH31 

BH31

235-45 

235-45

<0.5

CP

CL 5*

^B> 

0)

a

z 

o

i

S-051 

D-051

S-071

S-081 

D-081

S-082 

D-082

S-091 

D-091

S-101 

D-101

115

115

BH28 

-BH2S

BH23 

BH23

232-45 

232-45

BH18S 

BH18S

MW-1 

MW-1

;ffie 

.019e

.013e

.02e,p 

.016e,p

,01 e

S-lll 

D-lll

S-121 

D-121

BH11 

BH11

WS7 

WS7

,01e.p 

< 1

.Ole 
Table 12. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in duplicate samples colle

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

p

1Q. x" 

ro

O

o>

8

a

o

£

Sample 

number

S-001

D-001

S-011

D-011

S-021

D-021

S-031

D-031

S-036

S-041

D-041

S-051

D-051

S-071

D-071

S-081

D-081

S-082

D-082

S-091

D-091

S-101

D-101

S-lll

D-lll

S-121

D-121

Well 

name

E10

E10

BH8

BH8

225

225

BH31

BH31

BH31

235-45

235-45

115

115

BH28

BH28

BH23

BH23

232-45

232-45

BH18S

BH18S

MW-1

MW-1

BH11

BH11

WS7

WS7

AlphaChlordane, 

total

(39348)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

GammaChlordane, 

total

(39810)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Toxaphene, 

total

(39400)

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroc

101 6 PCB, 1221 PCB, 1232 PCB, 1242 PCB, 1248 P

total total total total tota

(34671) (34988) (39492) (39496) (395

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <l <1 <l 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <l 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <l <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <l <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <l <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 

<1 <2 <1 <1 <1 
APPENDIX 3

WATER-QUALITY DATA

JOI
O

Table 14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the Calumet Region, 

[°C, degree Celsius; mv, millivolt; mg/L, milligram per liter; (aS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25°C; --, not measured; time is in military notation; n

are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET parameter codes]

 ound-Water Quality

3

<T>

i

30

(D 

IQ

0

a

O

3

(A

3

5"

Q.

-9 

0)

0) 

Q.

z 

o

3 S3"

(A

3

5' 

O

(A

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008 

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

 S-013

S-014

S-015 

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C 

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl 

WP2

230-24

Dll

DIG

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7a

Date

6/14

6/14

6/15

6/14

6/14

6/14

6/15

6/15 

6/16

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/15 

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/16

6/15

6/15

6/15

6/16

6/16

Time

1300

1530

1515

1520

1830

1705

0923

1112 

1035

1632

0920

1110

i T)c

\ LLJ

0920

1325 

1010

1544

1145

1246

1252

1006

1515

1635

0931

1045

Temperature (°C) 

(00010)

13.6

15.8

12.8

13.4

13.9

12.1

13.9

16.2 

14.4

12.8

11.9

10.9

l/.o

12.2

13.2 

10.5

12.2

12.4

13.6

10.7

12,7

13.5

13.3

12.1

15.0

PH 

(units) 

(00400)

6.9

6.8

7.2

6.8

7.8

6.2

7.4

8.0

7.5

7.8

7.5

7.0 

i ">

/.z

~

7.8

6.0

-

-

6.1

7.4

-

-

7.0

11.4

Eh 

(mv) 

(00090)

-64

-38

-111

-50

-164

-85

-.02

-169 

-167

-171

-259

-265 

-227

136

-134 

-65

89

-118

-110

-60

-163

-104

-120

-134

-159

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L) 

(00300)

-

0.8

.2

__

.3

.3

1.5 

.1

.2

.6

.6

-4-

4.6

4.2

.8

.1

.2

.2

.1

.3

.1

.1

co
Table 14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the Calumet Region

Continued

> o

 o

(D

3

Q. x"

CO

i

(D

O

SL

xf

OJU

0)

o

CO

Sample 

number

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

Well 

name

24

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15a

A3a

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al a

A4

115

244-125

244-65

Date

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/15

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/16

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/16

6/17

6/16

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/16

6/17

6/17

Time

1557

1702

1835

0900

1218

1533

1423

1535

0900

1315

1442

1030

1140

0912

1354

1053

0945

1820

1537

1120

1520

1420

1610

1722

1015

1831

1636

Temperature (°C) 

(00010)

11.4

11.3

12.0

13.2

15.4

14.3

14.5

14.1

11.9

13.4

11.6

16.7

20.5

14.5

14.0

13.5

16.2

19.6

13.6

14.4

18.0

20.8

16.7

12.0

14.9

13.4

12.8

PH 

(units) 

(00400)

6.8

7.3

6.0

6.9

8.0

6.6

9.4

7.6

7.6

12.1

7.1

6.5

6.7

7.0

7.3

7.2

6.9

7.7

7.2

7.4

6.8

11.7

7.5

7.3

7.4

8.1

7.2

Eh 

(mv) 

(00090)

-78

-139

5

120

27

-67

-218

2

55

-287

-131

124

111

-75

-136

-29

-54

-134

-88

-157

77

-446

82

-148

-105

-202

-132

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L) 

(00300)

0.3

.1

.2

3.6

1.4

2.8

.3

1.4

.9

.1

.4

-

2.8

.1

.1

.2

_

.3

.1

-

_.

.1

.4

.1

.1
Table 14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the Calumet Region

Continued

>und-Water Qu

SL

35"

(0 

0

0)

C

£

33

£5'

3

o

}

3

5"

Q. 5'

D)

D)

Q.

O

1

5T

3

0

Sample 

number

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

"S3J67""'

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

Well 

name

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15a

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

B3

A20

W-3a

Date

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/17

6/16

6/16

6/18

6/21

6/18

6/18

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/22

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/21

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

Time

1025

1232

1315

1455

1342

1542

0934

1350

0920

0930

1242

1318

1635

~ T34T

1100

1345

1450

1900

1422

1501

1613

0920

1035

1128

1325

1430

0954

Temperature (°C) 

(00010)

18.6

16.3

16.0

13.4

14.1

16.6

13.9

15.2

12.4

12.9

14.8

12.7

17.1

13.4

17.2

13.8

12.3

15.7

17.4

11.9

14.1

16.4

13.4

11.7

12.8

17.8

19.0

PH 

(units) 

(00400)

6.9

6.7

7.0

7.0

8.0

7.4

7.5

7.0

7.0

7.3

9.0

6.8

8.0

7.2

7.5

7.3

7.3

6.8

6.4

7.4

6.5

6.4

6.9

8.0

6.3

5.3

6.3

Eh 

(mv) 

(00090)

-174

-152

-18

15

80

-56

80

-34

-108

-127

-170

-125

-180

-66

-49

-17

-172

-41

117

-173

-90

-32

-84

36

-179

-89

-26

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L) 

(00300)

1.6

1.6

.5

1.9

.5

.4

.6

.9

2.0

1.4

1.0

.7

2.6

4.2

9.1

.2

1.6

1.8

.1

.3

.3

.1

6.1

.2

.3

-_
Table 14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the Calumet Region

Continued

 o

3 

CLx"

CO

to

ter-Quali

o

a

0)

_L

O

en

Sample 

number

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101 

S-102

S-103 

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

Well 

name

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1 

12

BH5S 

C3

C4

Cl

E5

Date

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/22

6/21

6/22

6/22

6/23

6/22

6/22

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/24 

6/22

6/23 

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

Time

1245

1150

1442

1529

1708

1520

1355

1305

1015

1115

1045

1550

1715

0842

0950

1051

1220

1418

1540

0838

1522 

1810

1507 

1213

1241

1320

1456

Temperature (°C) 

(00010)

13.3

12.1

11.2

10.3

11.9

15.0

14.9

12.4

18.0

17.2

14.2

14.4

15.4

13.0

14.1

14.1

15.1

13.8

14.8

12.1

14.6 

14.9

14.4 

11.7

13.4

16.0

15.8

pH 

(units) 

(00400)

6.8

7.1

7.7

7.4

7.9

7.9

7.3

7.0

12.1

6.8

9.4

6.6

6.8

-

6.9

7.0

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.1

7.3 

9.7

7.0

7.3

7.4

7.5

6.9

Eh 

(mv) 

(00090)

16

-156

-198

52

-183

126

133

-149

-264

83

134

-6

-6

41

107

27

107

-18

7

31

-164 

94

117 

-172

-46

-78

-60

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L) 

(00300)

3.1

.0

.0

6.1

.2

.6

1.1

.1

2.2

3.8

1.2

3.5

1.6

.8

.8

.5

4.6

2.1

1.9

.4

.1 

1.1

1.2 

.1

6.3

1.8

.3
o

O)

O

Table 14. Date and time of sample and onsite measurements of selected properties of ground water in the Calumet Region

Continued

o

c

Q.

i<D

Oc

5'

(D

O

Ef

2.

(Qo'

z

0

3

w

flf

 i

5~

Q.

S

"

0) 

fit

3 

Q.

O

33-

(D 

fit 

tf>

5

5'

0w'

Sample 

number

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well 

name

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

I20a

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4a

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Date

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/23

6/24

6/24

6/24

6/24

6/24

6/24

6/25

6/24

6/25

6/24

6/25

6/28

6/28

Time

1130

1238

1815

1005

1215

1609

1705

1600

1653

1040

1324

1802

1115

1225

1422

1320

1526

1035

1533

1345

1335

1400

Temperature (°C) 

(00010)

~

15.9

15.0

14.1

16.2

18.3

14.9

12.8

19.2

10.5

10.8

17.8

15.4

17.6

14.7

15.3

~

17.8

17.7

14.2

16.2

pH 

(units) 

(00400)

-

8.7

8.4

7.1

9.1

6.8

8.0

6.8

7.4

6.9

7.0

7.2

7.5

7.2

8.6

6.6

~

7.2

6.8

9.2

11.4

Eh 

(mv) 

(00090)

-

79

124

82

87

7

109

147

94

-134

-151

~

99

-81

80

-120

-72

-

25

159

-

-221

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L) 

(00300)

-

1.2

.8

1.1

.5

.3

.4

.6

2.5

.1

.0

~

-

.5

.8

--

.6

--

1.2

-

.5

.2

aSample bailed.
Table 16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

[mg/L, milligram per liter; CaCO3 , calcium carbonate; ng/L, microgram per liter; N, nitrogen; e, estimated; <, less than; --, no data; numbers in paren

Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET parameter codes]

Sample 

number

S-OOl

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

Acidity, 

(mg/L 

as 

Well CaCO3) 

name (00435)

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

Gl

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

0

Oe

Oe

Oe

0

Calcium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91051)

128,000

78,400

114,000

108,000

27,200

100,000

56,600

1 1 ,600

301,000

68,800

50,200

153,000

126,000

77,300

62,800

104,000

34,700

146,000

118,000

10,700

46,800

136,000

122,000

170,000

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91052)

42,200

20,700

31,300

1 1 ,600

9,370

27,300

16,200

5,640

50,600

24,900

20,600

35,700

68,400

26,400

21,700

43,100

11,100

44,100

57,300

5,980

8,630

38,400

32,800

46,100

Sodium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91053)

10,300

202,000

108,000

11,500

107,000

32,800

16,700

110,000

24,600

243,000

35,800

77,700

22,700

20,900

11,400

43,200

20,000

465,000

84,400

2,180

5,060

235,000

39,500

58,300

Potassium, 

dissolved

(ng/L) 

(91054)

5,310

5,220

2,330

2,790

1,750

1,160

2,040

2,930

26,200

2,320

3,120

4,570

22,700

4,110

4,420

1,960

1,330

13,000

7,510

637

11,200

6,200

8,460

6,050

Alkalinity Sulfate, Chloride, 

(mg/L dis- disas solved solved 

CaCO3) (mg/L) (mg/L) 

(00417) (00945) (00940)

422e

309e

269e

293e

176e

249e

2lOe

235e

204e

204e

275e

249e

312e

207e

176e

286e

55.4e

446e

380e

41. 8e

131e

434e

249e

266e

28e

60e

68e

<5e

<5e

5.5e

13e

31e

660e

<5e

8e

30e

297e

69e

72e

169e

370e

5.66e

96e

<5e

31e

<5e

187e

390e

6.8

239

150e

9.7

128

29.5

17.2

26.5

10. 8e

434e

16.6e

248

11.7

34.8

15.1

86

40.9e

674

94.7e

8.5e

6.2e

222e

59.7e

67.3e

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

20.5e

13.9e

12.1e

15.8e

10.9e

16.9e

13.5e

7.43e

13.4e

10.9e

25.9e

22.8e

18.2e

14.4e

15.7e

24.6e

6.03e

20.2e

36.7e

12.2

11. 2e

33.2e

36.0e

50.5

Dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70301)

523

843

690

363

366

433

260

328

1,324

963

322

1,002

780

392

292

649

230

1,881

747

158

172

1,039

641

955

Suspended 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70299)

18.5e

8.5e

16.0e

15.5e

318e

45.7e

14.0e

32.0e

7.5e

463

6.5e

19e

31.5e

14.0e

<3.0e

13.5e

<3.0

35.5e

45.6e

8.5

8.5e

127e

14.0e

13.0
Table 16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

Sample 

number

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

Acidity, 

(mg/L 

as 

Well CaCO3) 

name (00435)

E7

24

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Oe

0

0

Oe

0

0

Oe

0

0

0

Oe

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Calcium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91051)

122,000

60,000

54,200

12,700

123,000

9,180

368,000

36,300

192,000

565,000

163,000

435,000

470,000

198,000

196,000

53,700

27,000

48,500

162,000

76,700

123,000

218,000

404,000

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91052)

179

26,400

20,500

5,030

59,700

5,000

143,000

31,500

211,000

241,000

<46

24,600

221,000

84,800

45,300

8,940

14,400

20,000

68,400

17,100

23,300

107,000

123

Potas- AlkaSodium, sium, Unity 

dis- dis- (mg/L 

solved solved as 

(ng/L) (ng/L) CaCO3) 

(91053) (91054) (00417)

83,000

30,100

11,300

1,140

24,600

85,600

1,080,000

1,240,000

645,000

321,000

56,000

90,400

35,700

51,400

253,000

4,260

l,110e

3,390e

136,000

18,600

19,800

48,700

75,200

10,800

2,650

871

515

5,010

3,070

12,500

135,000

25,100

38,400

76,500

102,000 

7,830

7,580

3,850

555

592

879

5,870

1,690

4,560

6,350

161,000

146e

145e

216e

53.5e

231e

164e

706e

694e

662e

527e

284e

217e 

480e

237e

257e

163e

95. 5e

115e

344e

197e

149e

304e

400e

Sulfate, Chloride, 

dis- dissolved solved 

(mg/L) (mg/L) 

(00945) (00940)

192e

51e

<5e

89e

186e

<5e

38e

154e

l,160e

2,070e

lOOe

l,220e

l,520e

742e

130e

27.3e

20e

78e

560e

400e

<5e

776e

470e

81. le

82.7

12.2

12.3e

16.1e

36.5e

2,008e

2,044e

514e

806e

34. le

152e

32.4e

58.6e

894e

4.6

1.4

6.7

145

16.5

28.4

18.3

377e

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

15.2e

12.4

29.7

12.2e

24.0

10.1

29.8e

19.9

21.8

30.8

10.8e

25.3 

25.0

26.5

24.4

18.4

10.5

11.6

27

11,1

14.3

19.0

3,2

Dis- Sussolved pended 

solids solids 

(mg/L) (mg/L) 

(70301) (70299)

589

355

262

95

678

257

5,030

3,868

3,392

4,390e

704

2,144e 

2,268e

1,299

1,664

224

139

256

1,186

306

547

1,367

1,930

114

15.5

<3.0

<3.0

38.5

158

234e

47.5

58.0

194

27.5

214

20.5

37.5

35.5

<3.0

<3.0

<3.0

30.5

<3.0

4.5

10.0

267
Table 16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

Sample 

number

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

Acidity, 

(mg/L 

as 

Well CaC03) 

name (00435)

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

B3

0

0

-

0

Oe

0

Oe

Oe

--

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Oe

0

0

Oe

Oe

0

0

0

0

Oe

0

Oe

Oe

Calcium, 

dissolved

(fig/L)

(91051)

116,000

59,300

1 86,000

20,200

96,300

77,000

121,000

91,000

145,000

14,800

202,000

99,900

135,000

197,000

46,100

207,000

331,000

15,400

347,000

208,000

69,200

205,000

226,000

39,400

87,600

81,200

35,100

120,000

34,800

118,000

Magne- Potassium, Sodium, sium, 

dis- dis- dissolved solved solved 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (Mg/L) 

(91052) (91053) (91054)

23,000

16,400

301,000

6,850

27,300

35,600

51,700

58,000

33,500

5,870

71,800

23,200

63,900

84,800

12,400

40,100

143,000

6,210

126,000

88,400

14,800

35,300

44,200

8,570

9,640

15,900

8,450

23,900

12,900

54,600

192,000 9,770

2,970 1,910

221,000 30,500

84,300e 1,230

18,600e 2,010

28,700 2,970

15,000 4,910

21,900e 7,300

229,000e 12,200

66,800e 2,840

314,000e 12,800

21,900 3,400

81,500 4,580

40,900 7,450

24,700 2,080

212,000 36,800

19,200 2,480

73,800 3,150

906,000 17,800

832,000 39,200

6,180 1,810

237,000 13,100

239,000 8,330

1,600 838

9,540 3,400

1,130 1,760

501,000 1,430

141,000 5,680

2,250 1,450

570,000 13,000

Alkalinity 

(mg/L 

as 

CaCO3) 

(00417)

253e

172e

-

213e

289e

207e

261e

293e

--

160e

183e

267e

454e

358e

156e

53.7e

569e

171e

324e

187e

180e

496e

298e

119e

164e

261e

136e

338e

99.5e

450e

Sulfate, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00945)

138e

22e

-

<5e

26e

37e

128e

70e

-

<5e

500e

34.5e

355e

200e

<5e

234e

900e

<5e

l,060e

8.2e

36e

36e

I80e

<5e

89e

<5e

40e

8.2e

37e

34e

Chloride, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00940)

187

5.2

--

18.5e

30.7e

49.0

21. le

29.3e

-

24.2

624

26.3

13.7e

32.7

35.6

666

11. Oe

37.8

l,518e

2,572e

12.1

278

391

1.6e

12.6e

1.9e

664

288e

3.4

972

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

35.3

9.6

-

13.1

10.9e

9.2

13.0e

12.7e

-

9.63

21

16.1

20.3

42.8

3.9

34.0

36.0

11.1

20.3

17.3

10.9

23.5

21.8

11.6

13.7

17.8

12.8

16.5

7.9

23.3

Dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70301)

964

238

~

266

385

419

581

511

--

218

1,880

427

1,005

1,099

219

2,116

1,973

293

4,125

3,632

313

1,380

1,654

164

332

280

1,454

793

204

2,216

Suspended A

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70299) 

108

4.0

-

28.5

6.0e

165

5.0

5.5

-

5.5

33.0

321

481

25

16.5

44.0

80.5

1,013

106

306

<3.0

28.0

12.75

<3.0e

7.0

34.5

52.5

7.5

<3.0

4.5
Table 16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indi

Sample 

number

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

Acidity, 

(mg/L 

as 

Well CaCO3) 

name (00435)

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

Oe

0

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

Oe

0

0

0

Oe

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Oe

0

0

Calcium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91051)

61,500

36,200

111,000

78,200

55,200

90,000

59,000

198,000

119,000

102,000

340,000

158,000

168,000

309,000

102.000

78,500

1 33,000

117,000

89,400

102,000

55,500

94,400

128,000

445,000

249,000

115,000

82,800

73,300

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91052)

15,800

8,260

46,000

16,400

24,100

31,400

6,190

17,600

37,400

23,500

51

73,600

5,410

98,700

37,900

15,200

34,800

29,700

24,000

20,200

11,500

17,600

28,100

7,130

55,300

22,000

9,860

7,240

PotasSodium, sium, 

dis- dissolved solved

(ng/L) (ng/L) 

(91053) (91054)

186,000

1,740

23,900

7,660

74,100

103,000

15,000

1,450,000

32,900

89,000

113,000

32,200

62,300

204,000

7,600

47,400

7,730

300,000

9,440

76,100

129,000

5,860

14,100

191,000

236,000

39,100

277,000

298,000

4,830

689

1,680

1,970

2,080

1,910

16,200

19,300

10,100

2,810

25,000

2,670

24,300

4,580

4,160 

1,830

846

3,310

1,470

5,080

1,180

4,520

4,920

52,100

11,700

6,720

5,400

11,700

Alkalinity Sulfate, 

(mg/L disas solved 

CaCO3) (mg/L) 

(00417) (00945)

207e

104

228e

237e

189e

279e

179e

129e

360e

314e

257e

354e

24.9e

325

296 

191

292

270

251e

203

225e

249

203

174

353

280e

195

195

40e

<5

66e

<5e

<5e

67e

20e

264e

lOOe

116e

386e

887e

440e

<5

84

50

82

144

51

144

25

<5

180

450

178

104e

77

237

Chloride, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00940)

203

2.5

148

21.4

134

138

22.1

2,430

42.5

96. le

12.7e

12.9e

78.1

326

14.3

73

18.2

453

8.8e

93.5

139e

13.8

11.3

2,600

562

68,8

337

140

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

9.2

14.3e

11.8

18.6

12.6

12.8

24.2

16.7

16.7

18.2

3.4

17.3

32.3

7.7e

13.7e 

9.4e

11. 6e

12.8

11.1

9.8

13.3

12.6e

29.6e

11. le

33.8e

22.9

32.1e

24.8e

Dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70301)

796

269

652

367

471

674

267

5,080

619

689

1,336

887

872

2,020

535

474

770

1,279

420

640

558

454

622

6,780

2,156

654

1,057

1.143

Suspended 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70299)

<3.0

9.5

5.0

14.0

10.0

<3.0

<3.0

30.5

60.0

36.5

9.0

46.5

54.0

211

6.0

11.0

4.0

6.0

<3.0

<3.0

<3.0e

14.0

9.0

146

26.0

15.0

3.0

56.5

A
Table 16. Water-quality properties and concentrations of common ions in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, India

Sample 

number

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Acidity, 

(mg/L 

as 

Well CaCO3) 

name (00435)

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FIL01

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

0

0

Oe

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

--

0

Calcium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91051)

201,000

164,000

37,100

57,400

109,000

10,400

45,100

17,100

158,000

64,800

16,900

144,000

437,000

172,000

514,000

134,000

9,860

166,000

513,000

320,000

528,000

5,580

1 89,000

Magnesium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91052)

36,200

61,900

4,900

120,000

16,400

4,040

11,300

7,100

49,200

19,500

19,100

27,800

118,000

44,900

22,800

26,600

3,970

51,700

322,000

265,000

794,000

5,060

58

Sodium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91053)

36,700

136,000

33,300

125,000

5,870

66,300

6,820

63,600

43,200

4,570

40,600

5,410

345,000

120,000

16,900

21,800

94,800

66,700

173,000

279,000

248,000

293,000

37,000

Potassium, 

dissolved

(ng/L)

(91054)

7,450

6,180

3,460

57,200

2,130

4,090

2,300

3,480

2,470

594

4,020

459

31,300

11,500

61,400

24,900

2,080

22,900

14,900

8,140

32,700

4,760

60,800

Alkalinity 

(mg/L 

as 

CaCO3) 

(00417)

296

338e

81.6e

657e

255e

267e

121

165

304

203

221e

306e

603e

185e

74.6e

205e

195e

548e

661e

814e

l,260e

-

147e

Sulfate, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00945)

390

154

66e

396

54

54

33

<5

240

36

340

180

850

170

1,570

226

40

160

1,930

970

3,850

--

340e

Chloride, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00940)

20.4

375e

13.9

119e

9.16e

27.4e

14.8

38.9

29.4

2.9

65.7e

18.1e

389e

211e

8.43e

11. 8e

29.9e

14.4e

168e

145e

188e

--

60.6e

Silica, 

dissolved 

(mg/L) 

(00955)

16.3

27.2

13.1

23.1

19.7

12.0

6.6e

11.3

18.6

11. 6e

17.8

22

--

19.3

51.8

49.2

--

29.7

-

-

--

--

9.8

Dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70301)

985

1,250

259

1,290

428

305

236

270

885

333

886

705

2,310

610

2,310

673

311

981

3,816

3,100

6,370

-

829

Suspended 

solids 

(mg/L) 

(70299)

8.5

920e

44.0

229

13.5e

5,3 12e

87.5

392

6.5

46.0

28.0e

32.0e

l,754e

27.0e

5.0e

5.5e

780e

28.5e

454e

646e

64.5e

--

<3.0

Am

(

44

9
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indian

NJ 

O

O

3

Q.

1^

O

si

5'

CD

8?

c

2.

33 

CD

(0 

0

3

g.

0

2.

(O

0

3

I

0)

3 0) 

0)

O.

z

0

f

0) 

CO

5f

^

5'

o. co'

[ug/L, microgram per liter; <, 

parameter codes]

Sample

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

Well

name

E-10

BH-21

230-58

E-20

234-142

D-40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH-8

BH-22

BH-33

F-?

D-l

WP2

230-24

D-ll

D-10

D-5A

225

D-20

D-21

E-6

E-7

24

25

less than; e, estimated; --, no data; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and 

Aluminum,

dissolved

(ng/D

(01106)

<23.5

26.6

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

67.1

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23.5

<23 5

<23.5

<23.5

196

<23.5

<23.5

383

<23.5

37.4

<23.5

<23.5

871

36.1

<25.9

Antimony,

dissolved

(|ig/L)

(01095)

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17 T 9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

Arsenic,

dissolved

(i-ig/L)

(01000)

<1.7

1.8

1.8

<1.7

9.5

8.9

10.2

<1.7

<1.7

14.9

22.6

<1.7

2

<j 7

<\.l

2.9

<1.7

<1.7

2.1

<1.7

1.9

23.9

3.3

1.7

<1.7

<1.7

<1.7

Barium,

dissolved

(|ag/L)

(01005)

47.1

54.7

355

113

63.6

58.5

15.3

8.9

229

155

128

181

149

30,5

29.2

122

52.2

270

64.3

14.7

16.1

69.6

125

185

52.2

23.7

42.2

Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium,

dissolved dissolved dissolved

(|ig/L) (l-ig/L) (l-ig/L)

(01010) (01025) (01030)

<0.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <L7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8

<.5 <1.7 <5.8
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Continued

>TJ

1 

Q. 5'

W

i

ter-Qual

3

D

§

_L

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019 

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023 

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

Well 

name

E-10

BH-21

230-58

E-20

234-142

D-40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH-8

BH-22

BH-33

E-2

D-l

WP2

230-24

D-ll

D-10 

D-5A

225

D-20

D-21 

E-6

E-7

24

25

Mercury, 

dissolved

(71890)

0.1 5e

<.le

.15e

<.le

<.le

<.le

<.le

.14e

<.le

.le

<.le

<.le

<.le

<.le

<.le

<.le

.le

<.le

.lie 

.13e

.12e

.13e

.14e 

.le

.19e

<-l

<.l

Nickel, Selenium, 

dissolved dissolved

(|-ig/L) (|~ig/L) 

(01065) (01145)

<6.1 <2.3

41.3 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

12.6 5.6

15 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3 

<6.1 2.4

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 4.8

<6.1 <2.3 

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 3.8

<6.1 <2.3

<6.1 <2.3

Silver, 

dissolved 

(|ag/L) 

(01075)

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8 

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

Thallium, 

dissolved

(WJ/L)

(01057)

2.3e

2.3e

1.4e

2.4e

2.3e

1.2e

<1.1

1.5e

3.8e

2.6e

<1.1

<1.1

2.6e

2.3e

<1.1

1.5e

1.9e

2.2e

1.9e 

1.4e

<1.1

1.7e

1.6e 

3e

1.2e

2e

1.2e

Vanadium, 

dissolved 

(|ag/L) 

(01085)

3.7

3.8

<3.3

<3.3

<3.3

5.8

<3.3

<3.3

<3.3

<3.3

<3.3

<3.3

3.4

<3.3

<3.3

3.9

<3.3

<3.3

9.1 

<3.3

<3.3

8.3

<3.3 

<3.3

4.2

<3.3

<3.3

l,0
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

o

3 

Q.

0>

<?

0

u_

«<

3'

<t>

Calumet

£

(0

f 

^

o

3

1

(A

1

Q. 5'

0)

0)

Q.

O

3

y

S

?3

O 55'

Sample Well 

number name

S-028 

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033 

S-034

S-035

S-036 

S-037

S-038 

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042 

 S-tMS

S-044

S-045 

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049 

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

W-1A 

BH-30

IT

11

113 

112

114

BH-31 

D-25

BH-29 

BH-26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

A-3

E-l 

A-2

BH-27

B-2

A-l 

A-4

115

244-125

244-65

BH-6

BH-4D

BH-4S

Aluminum, 

dissolved 

(ug/L) 

(01106)

353 

1,200

56.6

33.4

56.7 

<23.5

52.6

446 

46.7

53.7 

62.8

<20.9

74.9

<20.9 

<2tX9

36.1

<20.9

33.7

<20.9

568

44 

42.2

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

Antimony, 

dissolved

(ug/L)

(01095)

<15.7 

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9 

<17.9

<17.9

<17.9 

<17.9

<17.9 

<17.9

<15.7

<17.9

<15.7

<T5TT

<17.9

<15.7 

<17.9

<15.7

<17.9

<17.9 

<17.9

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

Arsenic, 

dissolved 

(M9/L) 

(01000)

<2.7 

<1.7

<1.7

10.8

7.9 

6.1

127

2.1 

18.6

<1.7 

<1.7

<2.7

8.7

<2.7 

4

14.1

2.7 

6.9

<2.7

<1.7

3.1

3

292

12

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, 

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved 

(ug/L) (ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) 

(01005) (01010) (01025) (01030)

16.5 <1.2 <1. 

217 <.5 <1,

10.7 <.5 <1.

690 <.5 <1.

38.8 <5 <1. 

65.6 <.5 <1.

137 <5 <1.

129 <.5 <1 

31.6 <.5 <1

68.5 <.5 <1 

332 <.5 <1

111 <1.2 <1

35.6 .77 <1

17.2 <1.2 <1

T9.8 <r.2 <i

58 <.5 <1

41.8 <1.2 <1 

109 <.5 <1

214 <1.2 <1

506 <5 <1

46.1 <.5 <1 

25 <.5 <1

232 <1.2 <1

43.6 <1.2 <1

75.3 <1.2 <1

92.4 <1.2 <1

180 <1.2 <1

62.1 <1.2 <1

,5 <5.1 

,7 <5.8

.7 <5.8

.7 <5.8

.7 36.1 

.7 <5.8

,7 <5.8

.7 <5.8 

.7 <5.8

.7 <5.8 

.7 <5.8

.5 <5.1

.7 <5.8

.5 <5.1

.5 <5.1

.7 <5.8

.5 <5.1 

.7 <5.8

.5 <5.1

.7 <5.8

.7 9.2 

.7 <5.8

.5 <5.1

.5 <5.1

.5 <5.1

.5 <5.1

,5 <5.1

,5 <5.1
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana a

Continued

 o

1

Q. x"

CO

1

6

O

5T

_L

Ul

Sample 

number

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048 

S-049 

S-050 

S-051

S-052 

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

Well 

name

W-1A

BH-30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH-31

D-25

BH-29

BH-26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A-3

E-l

A-2

BH-27

B-2

A-l 

A-4 

115

244-125 

244-65

BH-6

BH-4D

BH-4S

Mercury, 

dissolved 

(WJ/L) 

(71890)

0.16

<.l

<.le

.32e

.22e

.lie

<.l

.2e

<.l

<.l

<.l

.13

<.l

.14e

.15e

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

1.1

.15e 

.19e

.12

<.l

.14e

Nickel, 

dissolved 

(WJ/L) 

(01065)

<4.7

<o. 1

<Q, 1

<6.1

11.4

<6.1

<6.1

<Q. 1

<Q, 1

11.5

6.9

<4.7

<6.1

<4.7

<4.7

<6.1

<4.7

<6.1

<4.7

148 

<4.7

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

9.2

Selenium, 

dissolved

(WJ/L) 

(01145)

<3.5e

<2.3

<2.3

4.1

2.8

<2.3

<2.3

4.9

<2.3

<2.3

4.0

<3.5

<2.3

<3.7

<3.7

<2.3

<3.5e

<2.3

<3.5

13.3 

14.3 

<2.3 

<3.5

<3.7e 

<3.7e

<3.5e

<3.5e

<3.7

Silver, 

dissolved

(01075)

<5

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<3.8

<5

<3.8

<5

<5

<3.8

<5

<3.8

<5.

<3.8 

<3.8 

<3.8 

<5

<5 

<5

<5

<5

<5

Thallium, 

dissolved

(WJ/L)

(01057)

-

2.8

2.8e

2.7e

3.6e

3.6e

4.9e

2.1e

2.3e

2.5e

6e

~

2.2e

<1.4e

<1.4e

1.2e

-

1.3e

-

4e 

1.6e

<7e 

<1.4e

~

~

<7e

Vanadium, 

dissolved

WO

(01085)

5

<3.3

<3.3

5.2

32.3

<3.3

4.2

14

4.1

<3.3

<3.3

<2.6

<3.3

<2.6

<2.6

<3.3

<2.6

<3.3

3

3.6 

<3.3 

<3.3 

8,1

<2,6 

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

3.1

di

(

2

2

1

4

<

<

<

1

1

<

<

<

<

<

1

<

<

<

1

<

1

<
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

ill

o

c

Q.

1

fl>

O

SL §'

5'

o>

E 

2.

3)

0> 

<Q

O

9.

o

I 

i

3

idiana and1

o

o> 

tu

i

f.

o

to

Sample 

number

S-057 

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062 

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068 

S-069

S-070

S-071 

S-073

S-074

S-075 

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

Well 

name

BH-24 

IP

116

121

BH-7I

BH-9S 

BH-15

110

BH-7S

BH-7D

19

18 

B-7

B-5

BH-28 

D--6T 

D-68

C-19

C-25 

C-18

B-10

B-3

A-20

W-3

BH-23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

Aluminum, 

dissolved

(i-ig/L)

(01106)

<20.9 

<20.9

<20.9

33.8

<20.9

531 

367

23.9

<20.9

38.6

26.2

182 

<20.9

<20.9

21.3 

<20.9

44

196 

<20.9

<20.9

42

23.3

418

23.0

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

676

Antimony, 

dissolved

((.ig/L) 

(01095)

<15.7 

<15.7

<15.7

<17.9

<15.7

<17.9 

<17.9

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7 

19.6

<15.7

<15.7 

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7 

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

Arsenic, 

dissolved

((.ig/L) 

(01000)

<2.7 

<2.7

73

5.1

<2.7

5.3

3.2

6.6

2.7

6.8

7.6 

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7 

<2.7 

3.6

3

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

<2.7

8.2

<2.7

15.3

12.8

<1.7

<1.7

5.4

Barium, Beryllium, 

dissolved dissolved

(01005) (01010)

55.5 <1.2 

11.9 <1.2

55.5 <1.2

56.6 <.5

193 <1.2

207 <.5

31.6 <.5

120 <1.2

145 <1.2

26.3 <1.2

55.1 <1.2

356 <1.2 

5 <1.2

490 <1.2

138 <1.2 

6.3 <1.2 

101 <1.2

46.3 <1.2

36.3 <1.2 

108 <1.2

5 <1.2

332 <1.2

25 <1.2

15,6 <1.2

26.3 <1.2

75.3 <1.2

83 <1.2

31.1 <1.2

85.6 <1.2

122 <1.2

Cadmium, Chromium

dissolved dissolve

((.ig/L) ((-ig/L) 

(01025) (01030) 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.7 <5.8 

<1.5 116 

<1.7 <5.8 

<1.7 <5.8 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5rl 

<1.5 7.9 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 5.2 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 <5.1 

<1.5 8.8 
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Continued

 a

ax"

CO

ft

6

SL

4J

a 

0

0

-j

Sample 

number

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076 

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080 

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

Well 

name

BH-24

IP

116

121

BH-7I

BH-9S

BH-15

110

BH-7S

BH-7D

19

18

B-7

B-5

BH-28

D-67

D-68

C-19

C-25

C-18 

B-10

B-3

A-20

W-3 

BH-23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

Mercury, 

dissolved

(71890)

0.1 5e

.14e

.2e

<.l

<1

<.l

<.l

.32

<.l

<.l

<.l

<1

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

<.l

.71

.11

.22

<.l

.17

.11

.11

<.l

.16

.18

Nickel, 

dissolved

(|K|/L)

(01065)

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<6.1

156

<^o. 1

<^O. 1

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

83.7

6.5

<4.7

12

<4.7

6.8

<4.7

7.4

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7

27.8

<4.7 

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

13.1

Selenium, 

dissolved

(01145)

<3.7e

<3.7

<3.7e

<2.3

<3.7e

<2.3

<2.3

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

4.8e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

<2.3

<3.7e 

<3.7e

<3.7e

<3.7e

2.8e 

<3.7e

<2.3

<2.3

2,9e

<2,3

3,2e

Silver, 

dissolved

(01075)

<5

<5

<5

<3.8

<5

<3.8

<3.8

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5 

<5

<5

<5

<5 

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Thallium, 

dissolved

(01057)

<7e

<7e

<7e

2.3e

--

3.8e

2e

--

--

--

--

-

--

--

-

-

--

-

3.1e

._

~

--

<1.1

2.5e

2.8e

3.3e

2.5e

3.6e

Vanadium, 

dissolved

(01085)

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<3.3

<2.6

<3.3

<3.3

<2.6

4.3

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6 

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

5.7 

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

4.1

3.2

38

Zinc

dissolv

(01090

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.4

7.3

<3.4

<3.4

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

207

33.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

7.5

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7 

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7 

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

<3.7

531
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

1

Q.

^

O

0)

 <

3

(ft 

O

0)

c

3

£

33

£

o

3

z

0

(A

3

Q. 5'

3

0) 

0)

Q.

O

3.

(A

3

(A

Sample 

number

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

Well 

name

122

B-8

BH-1D

BH-1S

BH-18S

BH-2

BH-25

BH-14

BH-19

BH-13

BH-12

BH-20

BH-17

D-45

MW-1

12

BH-5S

C-3

C-4

C-l

E-5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

Aluminum, 

dissolved 

(MJ/L) 

(01106)

53.5

21.4

31.6

<20.9

50.3

101

<20.9

<20.9

26.5

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<23.5

<20.9

<20.9

49.7

<20.9

21.3

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

24

<20.9

233

63.2

<20.9

<20.9

Antimony, 

dissolved 

(ng/L) 

(01095)

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<17.9

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

Arsenic, 

dissolved

(01000)

3

12.2

<1.7

<1.7

<1.7

2.6

<1.7

<1.7

2.1

2.7

<1.7

<1.7

3.3

2.6

3.3

3

2.7

20

<1.7

3.6

<1.7

5.8

4.6

4.1

<1.7

2

4.7

<1.7

Barium, 

dissolved

(01005)

92.1

157

313

51.9

57.1

90.8

51.9

22.1

23.4

43.8

24.4

32.2

125

29.8

121

237

158

143

44

18.8

56.6

176

30.2

248

47.8

30.2

18.8

26.4

Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, 

dissolved dissolved dissolved 

(01010) (01025) (01030) 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 9.7 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 2 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<.5 <1.7 <5.8 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<l.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.l 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5,1 

<1.2 <1.5 <5.1 
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

> a

"S

3

Q. x'

CO

tt

0

6

SL

O0)

^

Sample 

number

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

Well 

name

122

B-8

BH-1D

BH-1S

BH-18S

BH-2

BH-25

BH-14

BH-19

BH-13

BH-12

BH-20

BH-17

D-45

MW-1

12

BH-5S

C-3

C-4

C-l

E-5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

Mercury, 

dissolved 

(W/L) 

(71890)

<0.1

<.l

.25

<1

<.l

<.l

<1

<.l

<.l

.25e

.14e

.15e

.16e

<.l

.18e

1.1

<.l

<.l

.15e

.14e

.12e

.15e

.16e

.28e

.12e

.13e

.13e

.12e

Nickel, 

dissolved

(01065)

11.5

<4.7

<4.7

8.3

<4.7

14.4

<4.7

<4.7

14.7

120

<4.7

<4.7

27.5

19.5

<4.7

5.8

<4.7

<4.7

32.5

38

<4.7

34.6

4.8

7

<4.7

<4.7

9.4

<4.7

Selenium, 

dissolved

(lj,g/L)

(01145)

2.5e

<3.7e

<2.3

3.1e

3.4e

8.6e

5.3e

3.7e

3.2e

<2.3

2.8

2.7

<2.3

<2.3

<2.3

2.8e

<2.3

<2.3

4.6e

17.2

<2.3

<2.3

<2.3

<2.3

4

<2.3

<2.3

<2.3

Silver, 

dissolved

(01075)

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Thallium, 

dissolved

(01057)

2.8e

--

2.2e

1.5e

<1.1

2.3e

<1.1

2.2e

2.8e

1.8

<1.1

1.2

1.5

2.5e

1.1

4.6e

1.9e

1.9e

2.6

2

<1.1

1.4

<1.1

<1.1

<1.1

1.3

1.5

<1 1

Vanadium, 

dissolved

(01085)

4.2

2.9

3.1

2.6

52.7

3.6

<2.6

<2.6

3.6

3

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

3.1

<2.6

6.2

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6

<2.6
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

ilJ

5

c

3

Q.

i

?

0

gj.

«£

5'

O

gj.

c

3

a

30

O

2.

O

3.

I

1

3

5"

Q. 

3'

0)

0)

3 

Q.

Sample

number

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well

name

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Aluminum,

dissolved

(ug/L)

(01106)

<20.9

350

<20.9

<20.9

7,280

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

2,220

<20.9

<20.9

<20.9

107

Antimony,

dissolved

(ug/L)

(01095)

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

<15.7

Arsenic,

dissolved

(ug/L)

(01000)

<1 7

<1.7

<1.7

10.1

18.3

2.8

<1.7

1.9

<1.7

2.1

18.4

9.5

11.6

7.9

<1.7

Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium,

dissolved dissolved dissolved

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)

(01005) (01010) (01025)

47.8 <1.2 <1.5

56.6 <1.2 <1.5

80.4 <1.2 <1.5

124 <1.2 <1.5

100 1.5 <1.5

148 <1.2 <1.5

25.1 <1.2 <1.5

18 <1.2 <1.5

18 <1.2 <1.5

113 <1.2 <1.5

30.9 <1.2 <1.5

21.9 <1.2 <1.5

16.7 <1.2 <1.5

<5 <1.2 <1.5

54.1 <1.2 <1.5

Chromium, 

dissolved 

(ug/L) 

(01030) 

<5.1 

11 

<5.1 

<5.1 

21.3 

<5.1 

<5.1 

10.6 

<5.1 

<5.1 

6.1 

<5.1 

<5.1 

<5.1 

<5.1 
Table 18. Concentrations of trace elements and cyanide in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

 o

1 

o. x'

Sample 

number

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well 

name

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Mercury, 

dissolved

(71890)

0.1 2e

.12e

.14e

,17e

.59e

.16e

,14e

,12e

,24e

,34e

,15e

.13e

,13e

.24e

.34e

Nickel, 

dissolved

(01065)

<4.7

51

<4.7

<4.7

22.8

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

<4.7

376

233

104

42.9

<4.7

Selenium, 

dissolved

(01145)

<2.3

<2.3

<2.3

2.3

2.5

<2.3

<2.3

5.4

<2.3

<2.3

3.4

3

2.4

<2.3

<2.3

Silver, 

dissolved

<ng/L)

(01075)

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Thallium, 

dissolved

(01057)

1.9

<1.1

2.1

1.5

<1.1

2.1

2.1

<1.1

<1.1

<1.1

<1.1

<1.1

1.3

<1.1

<1.1

Vanadium, 

dissolved

(01085)

<2.6

<2.6

4

2.6

39.7

<2.6

<2.6

6.6

<2.6

5

9.9

7.1

<2.6

<2.6

24.5

aWell is constructed of galvanized casing that is contributing zinc to the sample.
o

I

3 

Q.

ater Qua

(D 

O

2L

c

a

3J 

(D 

(O5'

o

3.

Q. 

«-

to

to 

Q.

O

Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

[fig/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated; d, sample was diluted; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WAT

STORET parameter codes]

Sample 

number

Vinyl Chloro- Methylene

Chloro- Bromo- chloride, ethane, chloride, Acetone,

methane methane total total total total

Well (n9/L) (n9/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (n9/L) (ng/L)

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552)

Carbon

disulfide, 

total

1,1-Dichloroethylene

total

1,1-Dichloroethane,

total

(77041) (34501) (34496) 

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-OTT

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

^T 

WP2 

230-24 

Dll 

D10 

D-5A 

225 

D20 

D21 

E6 

E7

24

25

W-1A

BH30

<120d <120d <120d <120d <120d <120d 

24

<120d <120d <!20d 
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, In

Sample 

number

Well 

name

1,1,1-Tri- Carbon

chloro- tetraethane, chloride,

total total

(ng/L) (ng/L)

(34506) (32102)

Dichlorobromomethane,

total

1,2-Dichloropropane,

total

CIS1, 3-Dichloropropene,

total

Trichloroethlyene,

total

Chlorodibromomethane,

total

1,1,2-Trichloroethane,

total

Benze

tota

(32101) (34541) (34704) (39180) (32105) (34511) (3403

Q. S" 

CO

3

D 

0)

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

25

W-1A

BH30

8e

no

<120d <!20d <120d <120d <120d <120d <!20d <!20d l,800d 

42
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

jund-Water Qul

35"

1

2

1

(Q5'

0

o

a.

1

1

3

I

0)

0)

0)

Q.

n

1

3

5"

o

(A

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S=0t6

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

Tetra- 1,1,2,2- 

chloro- Tetra- Chloro- Ethyl 

ethylene, chloro- Toluene, benzene, benzene, Styrene, Xylene, 

total ethane total total total total total 

Well (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) 

name (34475) (34516) (34010) (34301) (34371) (77128) (81551)

E10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH21 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

230-58 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

234-142 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D40 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WP1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

1C <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

G-l <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

230-128 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH22 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH33 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

Dl <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WP2 ~<W~ --------<tf) <10 <tfr ~-<W~ <10 <10

230-24 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

Dll <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 3e

D-5A <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

225 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D20 <120d <120d <120d <120d <120d <120d <120d

D21 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

24 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

W-1A <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH30 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, In

Continued

Chloro- Bromomethane methane

Vinyl

chloride,

total

Chloroethane,

total

Methylene

chloride,

total

Acetone, 

total

Carbon

disulfide, 

total

1,1-Dl- 1,1-Dichloro- chloroethylene, ethane,

total total

Sample 

number

Well 

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552) (77041) (34501) (34496)

1,

ch

et

(n

(4

 o 

1

Q. x'

CO

!

6

0)

S-030 

S-032 

S-033 

S-034 

S-035 

S-036 

S-037 

S-038 

S-039 

S-040 

S-041 

S-042 

S-043 

S-044 

S-045 

S-046 

S-047 

S-048 

S-049 

S-050 

S-051 

S-052 

S-053 

S-054 

S-055 

S-056

IT

II

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

19

<33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d 7e,d <

D

S. ST
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

o

o

3 

Q.

i<D

O

fi)

jo

3D 

(D 

(Q

Z 

O

3.

<D

Q. 0)'

fi)

n>

Q.

O

3

Sample 

number

1,1,1-Trichloroethane,

total

Carbon 

tetrachloride, 

total

Dichlorobromomethane,

total

1,2-Dichloropropane,

total

cis1,3-Dichloropropene,

total

Trichloroethlyene,

total

Chlorodibromomethane,

total

1,1,2-Trichloroethane,

total

Benzene

total

Well 

name (34506) (32102) (32101) (34541) (34704) (39180) (32105) (34511) (34030) 

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045^

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

IT 

II 

113 

112 

114 

BH31 

D25 

BH29 

BH26 

237-45 

235-45 

MW-5 

MW-15 

A3 

El^ 

" A2"" 

BH27 

B2 

Al 

A4 

115

244-125 

244-65 

BH6 

BH4D 

BH4S

<33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d 530d 
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

TJ

1

Q. 

X

CO

0)

<D

0

0)

Sample 

number

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

Tetra- 1,1,2,2- 

chloro- Tetra- Chloro- Ethyl 

ethylene, chloro- Toluene, benzene, benzene, Styrene, Xylene, 

total ethane total total total total total 

Well (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) 

name (34475) (34516) (34010) (34301) (34371) (77128) (81551)

IT <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

113 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

112 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

114 <10 3e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH29 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH26 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

237-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

235-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-15 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

A3 <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d <33d

El <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

A2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH27 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

B2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 2e

Al <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

A4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

115 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

244-125 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

244-65 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH4D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH4S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

o 

o

Q. 

0>

Qual

<D 

O

2L

c

2.

33 

<D CO5'

a

o

3

I 

</>

Chloromethane

Bromomethane

Vinyl

chloride,

total

Chloroethane,

total

Methylene

chloride,

total

Acetone, 

total

Carbon

disulfide, 

total

1,1-Dichloroethylene,

total

1,1-Dichloro

ethane

total

Sample 

number

Well 

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552) (77041) (34501) (34496

o> 

o>

Q.

O

3

S-057 

S-058 

S-059 

S-060 

S-061 

S-062 

S-063 

S-064 

S-065 

S-066 

S-067 

S-068 

S-069 

S-070 

S-071 

S-072

S-073 

S-074 

S-075 

S-076 

S-077 

S-078 

S-079 

S-080 

S-081 

S-082

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

CIS

BIO

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

200
T3

<D

"c

o

2

CD

CDT 

0)

c

^ -3

c/> 'o

c

^^

TO

c

CO

CO

c

CO

TO

'eno

0)

cc

0)

E

"03

0

0)

£

c

TO

0)

o

"o

0

co

0)

Q.

E

CO

<O

CD

CO

5

TO

c 13

o

O)

c

c/>

TO

c ^

o

Q.

o

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Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 129
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

1 1

>und-Water Qul

 <

5'

(D

2

1

(Q

3

o.

o

a.

I

(A

0

3

I

HH --

0>

0>

Q.

z

o

(D 

0>

!3

5'

o. 55'

Sample 

number

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

Tetrachloroethylene, 

total 

Well (ng/L) 

name (34475)

BH24 <10

IP <10

116 <10

121 <10

BH7I <10

BH9S <10

BH15 <10

110 <10

BH7S <10

BH7D <10

19 <10

18 <10

B7 <10

B5 <10

BH28 <10

1)67 <10

D68 <10

C19 <10

C25 <10

CIS <10

BIO <10

B3 <10

A20 <10

W-3 <10

BH23 <10

232-45 <10

1,1,2,2- 

Tetra- Chloro- Ethyl 

chloro- Toluene, benzene, benzene, Styrene, Xylene, 

ethane total total total total total 

(ng/L) Gig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) fog/L) fog/D 

(34516) (34010) (34301) (34371) (77128) (81551)

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 3e

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<\Q <10 <10 <10 <10 <KT

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 12 <10 22 <10 140

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, I

Sample 

number

Vinyl Chloro- Methylene

Chloro- Bromo- chloride, ethane, chloride, Acetone,

methane methane total total total total

Well (i^g/L) (i^g/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (i^g/L) (i^g/L)

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552)

Carbon 1,1-Di- 1,1-Didi- chloro- chlorosulfide, ethylene, ethane,

total total total

(ng/L) (ng/L) (^g/L)

(77041) (34501) (34496)

 o 

1

0. x'

CO

0)

I

0)

o

CO 

0)

S-083 

S-084 

S-085 

S-086 

S-087 

S-088 

S-089 

S-090 

S-091 

S-092 

S-093 

S-094 

S-095 

S-096 

S-097 

S-098 

S-099 

S-100 

S-101 

S-102 

S-103 

S-104 

S-105 

S-106 

S-107 

S-108 

S-109 

S-110 

S-lll 

S-112 

S-113

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

37

<100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d 
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, In

o

o

c

Q.

i

Sample 

number

Well 

name

1,1,1-Trichloroethane,

total

(ng/L)

(34506)

Carbon 

tetrachloride, 

total

Dichlorobromomethane,

total

1,2-Dichloropropane,

total

CIS1, 3-Dichloropropene,

total

Trichloroethlyene,

total

Chlorodibro momethane,

total

1,1,2-Trichloroethane,

total

Benze

tota

(32102) (32101) (34541) (34704) (39180) (32105) (34511) (3403

<D

O

fii.

c

<D

5

Q.

Ifi)

fi> 

Q.

O

3.

S-083 

S-084 

S-085 

S-086 

S-087 

S-088 

S-089 

S-090 

S-091 

S-092 

S-093 

S-094 

S-095 

S-096 

S-097

S-098 

S-099 

S-100 

S-101 

S-102 

S-103 

S-104 

S-105 

S-106 

S-107 

S-108 

S-109 

S-110 

S-lll 

S-112 

S-113

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

2,000d

<100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d 2,000d 

14
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet 

Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Appendix

CO

»

^

6 

si

1of

CO 

CO

Sample 

number

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102 

S-103 

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108 

S-109

S-110 

S-lll

S-112 

S-113

Tetra- 1,1,2,2- 

chloro- Tetra- Chloro- Ethyl 

ethylene, chloro- Toluene, benzene, benzene, Styrene, Xylene, 

total ethane total total total total total 

Well (i^g/l-) (MS/I-) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (M9/L) 

name (34475) (34516) (34010) (34301) (34371) (77128) (81551)

105 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

106 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

13 <10 <10 490d <10 6e 5e 140

122 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

B8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH1D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH1S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH14 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH19 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH13 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH17 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

12 <100d <100d 600d <100d <100d <100d 220d 

BH5S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

C4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

Cl <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH5D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH18I <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH32 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 A

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

D70 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, I

=t 

o

c

3

Q.

$

fl>

0

9J.

«<

3

0>

Onj.

3

30

(Q

O

a

o

3.

!

~t

5"

Q.

Q)

D)

3

Q.

O

2.

0>

D)

fl>

0

(A

Sample

number

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Carbon 1,1 -Oi- 1,1 -Di- 

Vinyl Chloro- * Methylene di- chloro- chloro- 

Chloro- Bromo- chloride, ethane, chloride, Acetone, sulfide, ethylene, ethane, 

methane methane total total total total total total total 

Well (!4J/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (n9/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (n9/L) (^9/L) (^9/L) 

name (30201) (30202) (39175) (34311) (34423) (81552) (77041) (34501) (34496) 

BH16D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH16S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

D75 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

LK13 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

120 <10 <10 10,000d <10 <10 <10 <10 66 <10 

WS9 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

WS7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

WS2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

FILO1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

WS5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

FILO4 <10 <10 8e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

FILO5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

FILO2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

FILO6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <1H <10 

2-L-
Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, I

 o

1

Q. x'

Sample 

number

1,1,1-Trichloroethane,

total

Carbon 

tetrachloride, 

total

Dichlorobromomethane,

total

1,2-Dichloropropane,

total

cis1,3-Dichloropropene,

total

Trichloroethlyene,

total

Chlorodibromomethane,

total

1,1,2-Trlchloroethane,

total

Benzen

total

Well 

name (34506) (32102) (32101) (34541) (34704) (39180) (32105) (34511) (3403

S-114 

S-115 

S-116 

S-117 

S-118 

S-119 

S-120 

S-121 

S-122 

S-123 

S-124 

S-125 

S-126 

S-127 

S-128 

S-129

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

9,900d 

11

sr
o

Table 20. Concentrations of target volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, 

Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

o.

(D-i

0

5'

(D

O

SL

c 

3

2.

I

o

o

o

!

«r

5

o. 

5T 3 

fit 

fit

O.

O

<D

3

o55'

Sample 

number

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124 

S-125

S-126

S-127 

S-128

S-129

Tetrachloroethylene,

total

Well (ng/L) 

name (34475)

BH16D <10

BH16S <10

D75 <10

C12 <10

LK13 <10

120 <10

WS9 <10

WS7 <10

WS2 <10

FILO1 <10

WS5 <10 

FILO4 <10

FILO5 <10

FILO2 <10 

FILO6 <10

C2 <10

1,1,2,2- 

Tetra- Chloro- Ethyl 

chloro- Toluene, benzene, benzene, Styrene, Xylene,

ethane total total total total total

(34516) (34010) (34301) (34371) (77128) (81551)

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 23 <10 330d, e <10 400d, e 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

<tO <10 <TtT" <10 <10 <10
Table 21 . Concentrations of tentatively identified volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993

, microgram per liter; n.d., not detected; e, estimated; d, sample was diluted]

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

25e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

258e

n.d.

n.d.

890e, d

53e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

5

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/U

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

840e, d

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

47e

n.d.

n.d.

180e,d

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 137
Table 21. Concentrations of tentatively identified volatile organic combounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued [

Sample 

number

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

Well 

name

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

17e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

88e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarb 

compoum

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

>n aromatic 

Is compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d. 0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

6e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

120e

n.d.

18e

n.d.

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

1

0

138 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 21. Concentrations of tentatively identified volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

Well 

name

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds 

(H9/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

5e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds 

(H9/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

14e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unknown 

compounds 

(H9/L)

n.d.

n.d

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

ri.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 139
Table 21 . Concentrations of tentatively identified volatile organic combounds in ground-water samples collected in the 

Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

Well 

name

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

Number of 

aliphatic

compounds 

detected

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(H9/L)

Number of 

aromatic

compounds 

detected

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

Number of 

unknown

compounds 

detected

S-116 

S-117 

S-118 

S-119 

S-120 

S-121 

S-122 

S-123 

S-124 

S-125 

S-126 

S-127 

S-128 

S-129

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

26e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

186e 

32e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

140 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiar a and Northeastern Illinois
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated; d, sample was diluted; numbers in parentheses in column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environ

Phenols,

total

Bis(2-

Chloroethyl)

ether,

total

2-

phenol,

total

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

oChlorobenzene

Ortho

cresol,

total

2-2'-

oxybis

1-Chloropropane

Para

cresol,

total

NNitrosodi-Npropylamine,

total

Sample 

number

Well 

name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) (77146) (34428) 

S-001 

S-002 

S-003 

S-004 

S-005 

S-006 

S-007 

S-008 

S-009 

S-010 

S-011 

S-012 

S-013 

S-014 

S-015 

S-016 

S-017 

S-018 

S-019 

S-020 

S-021 

S-022 

S-023 

S-024 

S-025 

S-026

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

DIG

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

<100d

33

<100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana an

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8 

BH22 

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

HexaBis(2- Para- chloro- 2

2,4-Di- chloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4- Hexa- chloro- 2- cyclo- 

methyl- ethoxy) chloro- Tri- Naphth- 4- chloro- meta Methyl pent- ch

phenol, methane, phenol, chloro- alene, Chloro- buta- cresol, naph- adiene, ph

total total total benzene total aniline diene total thalene total 

(34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391) (34452) (30194) (34386) (3

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 12 <10 <10 <10 6e <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10' <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

Dimethyl Ace- 2,6-Di- 3- Acephthal- napth- nitro- Nitro- naphthate, ylene, toluene, aniline, ene, 

total total total total total

(34341) (34200) (34626) (78300) (34205)

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<100d <100d <100d <250d <100d

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 5e <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

2,4-Dinitrophenol, 

total

(34616)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<250d

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

4- Di- 2,4-DiNitro- benzo- nitrophenol, furan, toluene, 

total total total

(34646) (81302) (34611)

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<250d <100d <100d

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

Diethyl 

phthal- 

ate, 

total 

(34336) 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<100d 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011 

S-XH2 

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8 

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

4- N- 

N-Nitro- Bromo- Di-N- Butyl 

sodi- phenyl Hexa- Penta- butyl benzyl c

phenyl phenyl chloro- chloro- Phenan- Anthra- phthal- Fluor- phthal- 

amine, ether, benzene, phenol, threne, cene, Carba- ate, anthene, Pyrene, ate, 

total total total total total total zole total total total total 

(34433) (34636) (39700) (39032) (34461) (34220) (- ) 1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (34292) 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 2e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .5e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<1Q <10 <10 <25_ <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .6e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .8e <10 <10 <10 

<100d <100d <100d <250d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 le <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Ind

Sample 

number

Well 

name

Di-noctyl 

phthalate, 

total

Benzo(b)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(k)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(a)

pyrene,

total

Indeno 

(1,2,3-

cd)

pyrene, 

total

1,2,5,6-

Dibenzanthracene,

total

(34596) (34230) (34242) (34247) (34403) (34556) 

S-001 

S-002 

S-003 

S-004 

S-005 

S-006 

S-007 

S-008 

S-009 

S-010 

S-011 

S-012 

S-013 

S-014 

S-015 

S-016 

S-017 

S-018 

S-019 

S-020 

S-021 

S-022 

S-023 

S-024 

S-025 

S-026

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

WP1

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

<100d <100d <100d <100d <100d <100d 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illi

Sample 

number

Bis(2-

Chloroethyl)

Phenols, ether, 

total total

2-

phenol, 

total

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

1,4-DichlorobenzeneoChlorobenzene

Ortho

cresol,

total

2-2'-

oxybis

1-Chloropropane

Para

cresol,

total

NNitrosodi-Npropylamine,

total

Well 

name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) (77146) (34428) 

S-027 

S-028 

S-029 

S-030 

S-032 

S-033 

S-034 

S-035 

S-036 

S-037 

S-038 

S-Q39 

S-040 

S-041 

S-042 

S-043 

S-044 

S-045 

S-046 

S-047 

S-048 

S-049 

S-050 

S-051 

S-052

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

II

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

23 le

2e le
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Sample 

number

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

Well 

name

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

HexaBis(2- Para- chloro- 

2,4-Di- chloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4- Hexa- chloro- 2- cyclo- 

methyl- ethoxy) chloro- Tri- Naphth- 4- chloro- meta Methyl pent- 

phenol, methane, phenol, chloro- alene, Chloro- buta- cresol, naph- adiene, 

total total total benzene total aniline diene total thalene total 

(34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391) (34452) (30194) (34386) 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 2e <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

3e <10 <10 <10 2e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana 

Sample 

number

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038 

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

Dimethyl 

phthalate, 

total 

Well (n9/L) 

name (34341)

25 <10

W-1A <10

BH30 <10

IT <10

11 <10

113 <10

112 <10

114 <10

BH31 <10

D25 <10

BH29 <10 

BH26 <0£

237-45 <10

235-45 <10

MW-5 <10

MW-15 <10

A3 <10

El <10

A2 <10

BH27 <10

B2 <10

Al 2e

A4 2e

115 <10

244-125 <10

Ace- 2,6-Di- 3- 

napth- nitro- Nitroylene, toluene, aniline, 

total total total

(34200) (34626) (78300)

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

le <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <25

Ace- 2,4-Dinaphth- nitroene, phenol, 

total total

(34205) (34616)

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25 

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

.5e <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

4- Di- 2,4-DiNitro- benzo- nitrophenol, furan, toluene, 

total total total

(34646) (81302) (34611)

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 .6e <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

<25 <10 <10

Diethyl 

phthal- 

ate, 

total 

(34336) 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 

<10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and I

Sample 

number

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

Well 

name

25

W-1A

BH30

IT

11

113

112

114

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

4- 

N-Nitro- Bromosodi- phenyl Hexa- Pentaphenyl phenyl chloro- chloroamine, ether, benzene, phenol, 

total total total total

(34433) (34636) (39700) (39032)

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

N- 

Di-N- Butyl 

butyl benzyl 

Phenan- Anthra- phthal- Fluor- phthal- 

threne, cene, Carba- ate, anthene, Pyrene, ate, 

total total zole total total total total 

(34461) (34220) (- ) 1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (34292) 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 .5e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

.9e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 2e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 .5e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 .7e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 .6e <10 <10 <10 

3e <10 le <10 le le <10 

<10 <10 <10 .9e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 .6e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Ind

S-040 

S-041 

S-042 

S-043 

S-044 

S-045 

S-046 

S-047 

S-048 

S-049 

S-050 

S-051 

S-052

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

Di-noctyl 

phthalate, 

total

Benzo(b)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(k)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(a)

pyrene,

total

Indeno 

(1,2,3-

cd)

pyrene, 

total

1,2,5,6-

Dibenzanthracene,

total

Sample 

number

S-027

S-028

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

name (34596) (34230) (34242) (34247) (34403) (34556) 

25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

W-1A <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH30 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

IT <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

113 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

112 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

114 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH31 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

D25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH29 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH26 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<tt)
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and 

Phenols,

total

Bis(2-

Chloroethyl)

ether,

total

2-

phenol,

total

1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzene

oChlorobenzene

Ortho

cresol,

total

2-2'-

oxybis

1-Chloropropane

Para

cresol,

total

NNitrosodi-Npropylamine,

total

Sample Well (ng/L)

number name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) (77146) (34428) 

S-053 

S-054 

S-055 

S-056 

S-057 

S-058 

S-059 

S-060 

S-061 

S-062 

S-063 

S-064 

S-065 

S-066 

S-067 

S-068 

S-069 

S-070 

S-071 

S-072 

S-073 

S-074 

S-075 

S-076 

S-077

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

.8e
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Ill

Sample

number

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

Q_Q64 kj \J\J "T

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

Well

name

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

HexaBis(2- Para- chloro- 

2,4-Di- chloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4- Hexa- chloro- 2- cyclo- 

methyl- ethoxy) chloro- Tri- Naphth- 4- chloro- meta Methyl pent- 

phenol, methane, phenol, chloro- alene, Chloro- buta- cresol, naph- adiene, 

total total total benzene total aniline diene total thalene total 

(ng/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (n9/L) (ng/L) 

(34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391) (34452) (30194) (34386) 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

 ^10 <10 <10 <10 5e <10 <10 <10 <10 <1Q 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 .8e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Ill

Sample

number

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

Well

name

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

Dimethyl Ace- 2,6-Di- 3-

phthal- napth- nitro- Nitroate, ylene, toluene, aniline,

total total total total

(|ag/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (n9/L)

(34341) (34200) (34626) (78300)

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

<10 <10 <10 <25

Ace- 2,4-Dinaphth- nitroene, phenol,

total total

(ng/L) (ng/L)

(34205) (34616)

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

<10 <25

4-

Nitrophenol,

total

(M9/L)

(34646)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

Di- 2,4-Di- Diet

benzo- nitro- phth

furan, toluene, ate

total total tot

(|ag/L) (ng/L) (ng/

(81302) (34611) (343

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

Sample 

number

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

Well 

name

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

4- 

N-Nitro- Bromo- Di-N- N-Butyl 

sodi- phenyl Hexa- Penta- butyl benzyl 

phenyl phenyl chloro- chloro- Phenan- Anthra- phthal- Fluor- phthal- 

amine, ether, benzene, phenol, threne, cene, Carba- ate, anthene, Pyrene, ate, 

total total total total total total zole total total total total 

(^ig/L) kg/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) fcg/L) (ng/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) 

(34433) (34636) (39700) (39032) (34461) (34220) (-- )1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (34292) 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .6e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .7e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 .8e <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 OO <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <IO <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <IO <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Ind

Sample 

number

Well 

name

Di-noctyl 

phthalate, 

total

(34596)

Benzo(b) 

fluoranthene,

total

(ng/L)

(34230)

Benzo(k)

fluoranthene,

total

(ng/L)

(34242)

Benzo(a)

pyrene,

total

Indeno 

(1,2,3-

cd)

pyrene, 

total

1,2,5,6-

Dibenzanthracene,

total

(34247) (34403) (34556)

S-053 

S-054 

S-055 

S-056 

S-057 

S-058 

S-059 

S-060 

S-061 

S-062 

S-063 

S-064 

S-065 

S-066 

S-067 

S-068 

S-069 

S-070 

S-071 

S-072 

S-073 

S-074 

S-075 

S-076 

S-077

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Ill

Sample 

number

S-078 

S-079 

S-080 

S-081 

S-082 

S-083 

S-084 

S-085 

S-086 

S-087 

S-088 

S-089 

S-090

NBis(2- NitroChloro- 2-2'- sodi-N- 

ethyl) 2- 1,3-Di- 1,4-Di- o- Ortho oxybis para propyl- 

Phenols, ether, phenol, chloro- chloro- Chloro- cresol, 1 -Chloro- cresol, amine, 

total total total benzene benzene benzene total propane total total 

name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) ( ) 1 (77146) (34428) 

B3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

A20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

W-3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

232-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

105 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

106 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

E3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

13 34 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 12 <10 22 <10 

122 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

B8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH1D 2e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH1S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<T0 <TTr 

4e

l,600d 550d l,400d
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Il

Sample 

number

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

Bis(2- 

2,4-Di- chloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4- Hexamethyl- ethoxy) chloro- Tri- Naphth- 4- chlorophenol, methane, phenol, chloro- alene, Chloro- butatotal total total benzene total aniline diene

name (34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391)

B3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

A20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

W-3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH23 <10 . <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

232-45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

105 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

106 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

13 10 <10 <10 <10 180d <10 <10

122 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

B8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH1D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH1S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH14 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH19 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH13 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH17 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

12 360d <10 <10 <10 l,200d <10 <10

BH5S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

C3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

C4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

HexaPara- chloro- 

chloro- 2- cyclo- 

meta Methyl pent- 

cresol, naph- adiene, 

total thalene total 

(34452) (30194) (34386) 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 6e <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 22e,d <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Ill

Sample 

number

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

s^oai

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

Well 

name

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S 

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17 

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Dimethyl Ace- 2,6-Di- 3- Acephthal- napth- nitro- Nitro- naphthate, ylene, toluene, aniline, ene, 

total total total total total

(34341) (34200) (34626) (78300) (34205)

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 4e <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 

<10 <10 <1Q^ <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 36e,d <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

2,4-Dinitrophenol, 

total 

(H9/L) 

(34616)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25 

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

4- 

Nitrophenol, 

total

(34646)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25 

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

Di- 2,4-Di- Diet

benzo- nitro- phth

furan, toluene, ate

total total tot

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

(81302) (34611) (343

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

le <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

13 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<10 <10 <1

<IO <10 <1
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illino

Sample 

number

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

Well 

name

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

122

B8

BH1D

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

4- 

N-Nitro- Bromo- Di-N- N-Butyl 

sodi- phenyl Hexa- Penta- butyl benzyl 

phenyl phenyl chloro- chloro- Phenan- Anthra- phthal- Fluor- phthal- 

amine, ether, benzene, phenol, threne, cene, Carba- ate, anthene, Pyrene, ate, 

total total total total total total zole total total total total 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (^g/L) 

(34433) (34636) (39700) (39032) (34461) (34220) (« )1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (34292) 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 .6e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 .8e <10 3e <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 14 2e 18 <10 2e 2e <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, In

Sample 

number

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

S-090 

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

Di-n- Indeno 1 ,2,5,6

octyl Benzo(b) Benzo(k) (1,2,3- Dibenz

phthal- fluoran- fluoran- Benzo(a) cd) anthra

ate, thene, thene, pyrene, pyrene, cene, 

total total total total total total 

Well (ng/L) (}ig/L) (|ig/L) (^g/L) (fig/L) (fig/L) 

name (34596) (34230) (34242) (34247) (34403) (34556

B3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

A20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

W-3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH23 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

232-45 le <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

105 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

106 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

E3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

13 .6e <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

122 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

B8 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH1D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH1S <10 <10 <TTT <10 <10 <10 

BH18S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH14 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH19 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH13 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH20 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH17 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

D45 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

MW-1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

12 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

BH5S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C3 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

Phenols,

total

Bis(2-

Chloroethyl)

ether,

total

2-

phenol,

total

1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzene

0-

Chlorobenzene

Ortho

cresol,

total

2-2'-

oxybis

1-Chloropropane

Para

cresol,

total

NNitrosodi-Npropylamine,

total

Sample 

number

Well 

name (32730) (34273) (34586) (34566) (34571) (34536) (77152) (77146) (34428) 

S-106 

S-107 

S-108 

S-109 

S-110 

S-lll 

S-112 

S-113 

S-114 

S-115 

S-116 

S-117 

S-118 

S-119 

S-120 

S-121 

S-122 

S-123 

S-124 

S-125 

S-126 

S-127 

S-128 

S-129

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

73e,d
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illi

Sample 

number

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

saiz

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

HexaBis(2- Para- chloro2,4-Di- chloro- 2,4-Di- 1,2,4- Hexa- chloro- 2- cyclomethyl- ethoxy) chloro- Tri- Naphth- 4- chloro- meta Methyl pentphenol, methane, phenol, chloro- alene, Chloro- buta- cresol, naph- adiene, 

total total total benzene total aniline diene total thalene total

name (34606) (34278) (34601) (34551) (34696) (30343) (34391) (34452) (30194) (34386)

Cl <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

E5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH5D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18I <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH32 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH18D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D70 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH16D <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

BH16S <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

D75 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

C1Z <ld <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

LK13 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

120 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS9 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS7 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

FILO1 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

WS5 9e <10 <10 <10 4e,d <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

FILO4 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

FILO5 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

FILO2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

FILO6 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

C2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

Sample 

number

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well 

name

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Dimethyl Ace- 2,6-Di- 3- Acephthal- napth- nitro- Nitro- naphthate, ylene, toluene, aniline, ene, 

total total total total total

(34341) (34200) (34626) (78300) (34205)

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 .6e

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 .8e <10 <25 4e

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

<10 <10 <10 <25 <10

2,4-Dinitrophenol, 

total

(34616)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

C

4- Di- 2,4-Di- Diethyl p

Nitro- benzo- nitro- phthal- p

phenol, furan, toluene, ate, e

total total total total 

(34646) (81302) (34611) (34336) (3

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 3e 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 2e <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 

<25 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illin

Sample 

number

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

4- 

N-Nitro- Bromosodi- phenyl Hexaphenyl phenyl chloroamine, ether, benzene, 

total total total

Well (n9/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) 

name (34433) (34636) (39700)

Cl <10 <10 <10

E5 <10 <10 <10

BH5D <10 <10 <10

BH18I <10 <10 <10

BH32 <10 <10 <10

BH11 <10 <10 <10

BH18D <10 <10 <10

D70 <10 <10 <10

BH16D <10 <10 <10

BH16S <10 <10 <10

D75 <10 <10 <10

C12 <10 <10 <10

LK13 <10 <10 <10

120 <10 <10 <10

WS9 <10 <10 <10

WS7 <10 <10 <10

WS2 <10 <10 <10

FILO1 <10 <10 <10

WS5 <10 <10 <10

FILO4 <10 <10 <10

FILO5 <10 <10 <10

FILO2 <10 <10 <10

FILO6 <10 <10 <10

C2 <10 <10 <10

Pentachlorophenol, 

total

(39032)

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

<25

Di-N- N-But

butyl benzy

Phenan- Anthra- phthal- Fluor- phtha

threne, cene, Carba- at6j anthene, Pyrene, ate, 

total total zole total total total tota

(34461) (34220) (- ) 1 (39110) (34376) (34469) (3429

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

.8e <10 <10 le .4e .4e <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

3e .4e <10 <10 .9e .7e <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 

<10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 
Table 23. Concentrations of target semivolatile organic compounds in ground-water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Ind

Sample 

number

Well 

name

Di-noctyl 

phthalate, 

total

Benzo(b)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(k)

fluoranthene,

total

Benzo(a)

pyrene,

total

Indeno 

(1,2,3-

cd)

pyrene, 

total

1,2,5,6-

Dibenzanthracene,

total

(34596) (34230) (34242) (34247) (34403) (34556) 

S-106 

S-107 

S-108 

S-109 

S-110 

S-lll 

S-112 

S-113 

S-114 

S-115 

S-116 

S-117 

S-118 

S-119 

S-120 

S-121 

S-122 

S-123 

S-124 

S-125 

S-126 

S-127 

S-128 

S-129

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FIL04

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

.5e

.6e

4e

1 No available WATSTORE or STORET parameter code for this compound.
Table 24. Concentrations of tentatively identified semivolatile organid compounds and molecular sulfur in ground-water 

samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1^93

, microgram per liter; n.d., not detected; e, estimated; d. sample was diluted]

Sample 

number

S-001 

S-002 

S-003 

S-004 

S-005 

S-006 

S-007 

S-008 

S-009 

S-010 

S-011 

S-012 

S-013 

S-014 

S-015 

S-016 

S-017 

S-018 

S-019 

S-020 

S-021 

S-022 

S-023 

S-024 

S-025 

S-026 

S-027 

S-028 

S-029 

S-030 

S-032 

S-033 

S-034 

S-035 

S-036 

S-037 

S-038 

S-039

Well 

name

E10 

BH21 

230-58 

E20 

234-142 

D40 

WP1 

1C 

G-l 

230-128 

BH8 

BH22 

BH33 

E2 

Dl 

WP2 

230-24 

Dll 

D10 

D-5A 

225 

D20 

D21 

E6 

E7 

24 

25 

W-1A 

BH30 

IT 

11 

113 

112 

114 

BH31 

D25 

BH29 

BH26

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(HQ/L)

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

2e 

56e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1 

1

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

21e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

58e, d 

n.d. 

n.d. 

590e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

2e 

12e 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

202e 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

lOe 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

6e 

4,622e. d 

2e 

2e 

227e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

102e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

7e 

4e 

2e 

HOe 

4e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

8e

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

1 

4 

1 

0 

0 

17 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

19 

1 

) 

10 

0 

0 

11 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

1 

11 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

Molecular 

sulfur 

(M9/L)

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d 

n.d. 

n.d, 

6e 

n.d 

ri.d. 

9e 

3e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

43e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d.

166 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 24. Concentrations of tentatively identified semivolatile organic compounds and molecular sulfur in groundwater samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

Well 

name

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

CIS

BIO

B3

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

35e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

15e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

77e

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

22e

15e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

5e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

567e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

2

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

15

0

0

0

0

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

3e

6e

5e

89e

85e

n.d.

n.d.

2e

225

174e

n.d.

98e

9e

14e

2e

n.d.

3e

n.d.

6e

n.d.

3e

n.d.

n.d.

5e

15e

n.d.

32e

n.d.

21e

3e

n.d.

n.d.

16e

n.d.

730e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

1

2

2

16

15

0

0

1

15

19

0

19

4

5

1

0

1

0

2

0

I

0

0

2

1

0

7

0

5

1

0

0

1

0

5

0

0

0

0

Molecular 

sulfur

(ng/L)

2e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

151e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

4e

n.d

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

550e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 167
Table 24. Concentrations of tentatively identified semivolatile organic compounds 

water samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois,

and molecular sulfur in groundJune 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-079 

S-080 

S-081 

S-082 

S-083 

S-084 

S-085 

S-086 

S-087 

S-088 

S-089 

S-090 

S-091 

S-092 

S-093 

S-094 

S-095 

S-096 

S-097 

S-098 

S-099 

S-100 

S-101 

S-102 

S-103 

S-104 

S-105 

S-106 

S-107 

S-108 

S-109 

S-110 

S-lll 

S-112 

S-113 

S-114 

S-115 

S-116

Well 

name

A20 

W-3 

BH23 

232-45 

105 

106 

E3 

13 

122 

B8 

BH1D 

BH1S 

BH18S 

BH2 

BH25 

BH14 

BH19 

BH13 

BH12 

BH20 

BH17 

D45 

MW-1 

12 

BH5S 

C3 

C4 

Cl 

E5 

BH5D 

BH18I 

BH32 

BH11 

BH18D 

D70 

BH16D 

BH16S 

D75

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d. 

lie 

201e 

n.d. 

4e 

3e 

2e 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d. 

2e 

3e 

3e 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

6e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

4e 

n.d. 

5e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0 

3 

15 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0

1

0

1

1 

1

1

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0

1

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d. 

49e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

95e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

4e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

3e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

2e 

n.d. 

759e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

7e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

16 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d. 

21e 

710e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

3e 

7e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

60e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

8e 

n.d. 

48e 

8e 

n.d. 

lie 

2e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

59e 

3,533e 

n.d. 

8e 

4e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

0 

6 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

1

0 

4 

3 

0 

3 

1 

0 

0 

6 

7 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0

Molecular 

sulfur

(ng/L)

n.d. 

3e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

32e 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d. 

n.d.

168 Ground-Water Quality in the Calumet Region of Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois
Table 24. Concentrations of tentatively identified semivolatile organic compounds and molecular sulfur in groundwater samples collected in the Calumet Region, Indiana and Illinois, June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-117

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well 

name

C12

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FIL01

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Aliphatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

l,561e

n.d.

5e

n.d.

14e

n.d.

Number of 

aliphatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0

2

0

3

0

Aromatic 

hydrocarbon 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

30e

n.d.

n.d.

29e

23e

Number of 

aromatic 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

10

1

Unknown 

compounds

(ng/L)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

12e

2l,303e

16,513e

lie

13,035e

2e

9e

Number of 

unknown 

compounds 

detected

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

10

18

4

7

1

2

Molecular 

sulfur 

(H9/L)

n.d.

n.d.

12e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

260e

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

21e

Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 169
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the Ca

June 1993

[jag/L, microgram per liter; <, less than; e, estimated; p, more than 25 percent difference between the two gas chromatograph columns used for analysis, lower value is r

column header are U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET parameter codes]

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

Wl

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

Btt22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

25

W-1A

Alpha 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39337)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.l

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Beta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.l

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Delta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05^

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<.l

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

Lindane, 

total

(39340)

<0.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

- <.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<1

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor, 

total

(39410)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05-

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.l

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

Aldrin, 

total

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

-cv05 

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.l

<.05

<.05

<.05

,004e

<,05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

Heptachlor 

epoxide, 

total

(ng/L)

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.l

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Endo- p,p f 

sulfan I, Dieldrin, DDE, 

total total total 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) 

(34361) (39380) (39320) 

<0.05 <0.1 <0.1 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <1 <.l 

<05 <1 <1 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <;1-- <f-- 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <l <.l 

<.l <2 .01 3e 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the 

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-001

S-002

S-003

S-004

S-005

S-006

S-007

S-008

S-009

S-010

S-011

S-012

S-013

S-014

S-015

S-016

S-017

S-018

S-019

S-020

S-021

S-022

S-023

S-024

S-025

S-026

S-027

S-028

Well 

name

E10

BH21

230-58

E20

234-142

D40

Wl

1C

G-l

230-128

BH8

BH22

BH33

E2

Dl

WP2

230-24

Dll

D10

D-5A

225

D20

D21

E6

E7

24

25

W-1A

Meth- Endrin Alphap,p' oxy- Endrin aide- ChlorDDT, chlor, ketone, hyde, dane, 

total total total total total

(39300) (39480) (78008) (82622) (39348)

<0.1 <0.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.2 <1 <.2 <.2 <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <-l <,05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <,05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.! <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <,05

GammaChlordane, 

total

(39810)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.007e,p

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aroclor 

Tox- 1016 

aphene, PCB, 

total total

(39400) (34671)

<5 <l

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <l

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <l

<5 <l

<5 <l

<10 <2

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

Aroclor 

1221 

PCB, 

total

(34988)

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<4

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

Aroclor 

1232 

PCB, 

total 

(39492) 

<1 

<1 

<1 

<l 

<1 

<1 

<1 

<1 

<l 

<1 

<1 

<l 

<l 

<1 

<1 

<1 

<l 

<1 

<2 

<1 

<l 

<l 

<1 

<1 

<1 

<l 

<1 

<l 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the C

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033 

S-034 

S-035 

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

Well 

name

BH30

IT

11

113 

112 

114 

BH31

D25

BH29

BH26

237-45

235-45

MW-5

MW-15

A3

El

A2

BH27

B2

Al

A4

115

244-125

244-65

BH6

BH4D

BH4S

BH24

IP

Alpha 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(ng/L)

(39337)

<0.05

<05

<.05

<05 

<05 

<05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Beta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<05

<05 

<05 

<05 

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

Delta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<05 

<.05 

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05^

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Lindane, 

total

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<05 

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

Heptachlor, 

total

(39410)

<0.05

<05

<.05

<.05 

<.05 

<05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05 

<05~"

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aldrin, 

total

(39330)

<0.05

<05

<.05

<.05 

<.05 

.005e,p 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor 

epoxide, 

total

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<05

<.05 

<.05 

<05 

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<.05 

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Endo- p,p' 

sulfan I, Dieldrin, DDE, 

total total total 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) 

(34361) (39380) (39320) 

<0.05 <0.1 <0.1 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<05 .013e,p <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <1 <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the Ca

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-029

S-030

S-032

S-033

S-034

S-035

S-036

S-037

S-038

S-039

S-040

S-041

S-042

S-043

S-044

S-045

S-046

S-047

S-048

S-049

S-050

S-051

S-052

S-053

S-054

S-055

S-056

S-057

S-058

Methp,p ' oxy- Endrin 

DOT, chlor, ketone, 

total total total 

Well (i^g/L) (i^g/L) (i^g/L)

name (39300) (39480) (78008)

BH30 <0.1 <0.5 <0.1

IT <.l <.5 <.l

11 <.l <.5 <.l

113 <.l <.5 <.l

112 <.l <.5 <.l

114 <.l <.5 <1

BH31 <.l <.5 <.l

D25 <.l <.5 <.l

BH29 <.l <.5 <.l

BH26 <1 <.5 <.l

237-45 <.l <.5 <1

235-45 <.l <.5 <1

MW-5 <1 <.5 <.l

MW-15 <.l <.5 <.l

A3 <.l <.5 <.l

El <.l <.5 <.l

A2 <.l <.5 <.l

BH27 <.l <.5 <.l

B2 <.l <.5 <.l

Al <.l <.5 <.l

A4 <.l <.5 <.l

115 <.l <.5 <.l

244-125 <.l <.5 <.l

244-65 <.l <.5 <.l

BH6 <.l <.5 <.l

BH4D <.l <.5 <.l

BH4S <.l <.5 <.l

BH24 <.l <.5 <.l

IP <.l <.5 <.l

Endrin Alphaaide- Chlorhyde, dane, 

total total

(jig/L) (i^g/L) 

(82622) (39348)

<0.1 <0.05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <.05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <.05

<.l <05

<.l <05

<.l <05

GammaChlordane, 

total

(39810)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.015e

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aroclor 

Tox- 1016 

aphene, PCB, 

total total

(iig/L) (|ig/L) 

(39400) (34671)

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <l

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <l

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

Aroclor 

1221 

PCB, 

total

(34988)

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

Aroclor A

1232 

PCB, 

total 

(39492) (

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <

<1 <
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the C

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

 S072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

Well 

name

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

067^

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

121

B8

BH1D

Alpha 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39337)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

^0$

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Beta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Delta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(34259)

O.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.02e,p

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Lindane, 

total

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor, 

total

(39410)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<O)5

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aldrin, 

total

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor 

epoxide, 

total

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

' <.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<,05

Endo- p,p' 

sulfan I, Dieldrin, DDE, 

total total total 

(34361) (39380) (39320) 

<0.05 <0.1 <0.1 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l 

.013e,p

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<,Q5 <J <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<,05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in th

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-059

S-060

S-061

S-062

S-063

S-064

S-065

S-066

S-067

S-068

S-069

S-070

S-071

S-072

S-073

S-074

S-075

S-076

S-077

S-078

S-079

S-080

S-081

S-082

S-083

S-084

S-085

S-086

S-087

S-088

S-089

Well 

name

116

121

BH7I

BH9S

BH15

110

BH7S

BH7D

19

18

B7

B5

BH28

D67

D68

C19

C25

C18

BIO

B3

A20

W-3

BH23

232-45

105

106

E3

13

121

B8

BH1D

, Meth- Endrin 

P'P oxy- Endrin aldeDDT' chlor, ketone, hyde, 

total total total total

(39300) (39480) (78008) (82622)

<0.1 <0.5 <0.1 <0.1

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

.22p <.5 <.l .04e

<.l <.5 <.l <1

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l .034e,p

.6 Ip <.5 <.l .031e,p

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l

<.l <.5 <-l <.l

<.l <.5 <,1 .016e,p

<.l <5 <.l .022e

<.l .016e,p <.l .021e,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l .027e,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l .046e,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

.016e,p <.5 <.l .033e,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<1 <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l .Ole,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

<.l <.5 <.l <.l

AlphaChlordane, 

total

(39348)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

GammaChlordane, 

total

(39810)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Toxaphene, 

total

(39400)

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor 

1016 1221 1232 

PCB, PCB, PCB, 

total total total 

(f^g/L) (f^g/L) (f^g/L) 

(34671) (34988) (39492)

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <l

<1 <2 <l

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<l <2 <1

<l <2 <1

<1 <2 <l

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <l

<1 <2 <l

<l <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<l <2 <1

<1 <2 <l

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<l <2 <1

<1 <2 <1

<1 <2 <l

<l <2 <l

<l <2 <l

<1 <2 <l
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the C

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

Well 

name

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1 

12 

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

Alpha 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39337)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Beta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Delta 

benzene 

hexachloride, 

total

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Lindane, 

total

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05 

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<05

<,05

<.05

<,05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor, 

total

(39410)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.012e

<.05 

Jl 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aldrin, 

total

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.Olle

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Heptachlor 

epoxide, 

total

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Endo- p,p ' 

sulfan I, Dieldrin, DDE, 

total total total 

(34361) (39380) (39320) 

<0.05 <0.1 0.036e 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

.Q14e^i J)28fi4J .QlSej) 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <1 <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 

<.05 <.l <.l 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in the 

June 1993 Continued

Sample 

number

S-090

S-091

S-092

S-093

S-094

S-095

S-096

S-097

S-098

S-099

S-100

S-101

S-102

S-103

S-104

S-105

S-106

S-107

S-108

S-109

S-110

S-lll

S-112

S-113

S-114

S-115

S-116

S-117

Well 

name

BH1S

BH18S

BH2

BH25

BH14

BH19

BH13

BH12

BH20

BH17

D45

MW-1

12

BH5S

C3

C4

Cl

E5

BH5D

BH18I

BH32

BH11

BH18D

D70

BH16D

BH16S

D75

C12

Meth- Endrin Alpha 

p'p ' oxy- Endrin aide- chlorDDT' chlor, ketone, hyde, dane, 

total total total total total

(39300) (39480) (78008) (82622) (39348)

0.013e,p <0.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <05

<.l <5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <,1 <.l <.05

<.l <5 <.l <.l <.05

.34p <.5 .061 e,p .037e,p .Olle,p

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <1 <.l <.05

<.l <5 <.l <.l <05

<.l <5 <.l <.l <05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <05

.18p <.5 <.l .Ole,p <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

.012e,p <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l .014e,p <.05

.034e,p <.5 <.l ,015e,p <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

<.l <.5 <.l <.l <.05

GammaChlordane, 

total

(ng/U

(39810)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.021e

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

Aroclor 

Tox- 1016 

aphene, PCB, 

total total

(39400) (34671)

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

<5 <1

Aroclor Aroclor 

1221 1232 

PCB, PCB, 

total total 

(l^g/L) (n9/L) 

(34988) (39492) 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 

<2 <1 
Table 26. Concentrations of compounds containing pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls in ground-water samples collected in t

June 1993 Continued

Sample

number

S-118

S-119

S-120

S-121

S-122

S-123

S-124

S-125

S-126

S-127

S-128

S-129

Well

name

LK13

120

WS9

WS7

WS2

FILO1

WS5

FILO4

FILO5

FILO2

FILO6

C2

Alpha 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(39337)

O.05

<.05

<05

<.05

-

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

.Ole,p

-

<.05

Beta 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(39338)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

-

<.05

<05

<.05

<.05

<05

--

<05

Delta 

benzene

hexachloride,

total

(ng/L)

(34259)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

Lindane,

total

(ng/L)

(39340)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

-

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<05

-

<.05

Heptachlor,

total

(ng/L)

(39410)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

-

<.05

Aldrin,

total

(ng/L)

(39330)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

Heptachlor

epoxide,

total

(ng/L)

(39420)

<0.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

--

<.05

Endo- p,p '

sulfan I, Dieldrin, DDE,

total total total

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

(34361) (39380) (39320

<0.05 <0.1 <0.l

<05 <.l <.l

<.05 <.l <l

<.05 <.l <.l

-

<.05 <.l <.l

<.05 <.l <.l

<05 <.l <.l

<.05 <.l <1

<.05 .Ole,p <.l

-

<.05 <.l <.l
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Appendix 3: Water-Quality Data 179

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997-548-905