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                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.1


                               AMENDED AND RESTATE
                              EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

      This Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (this "Agreement") dated
November 13, 2003 (the "Effective Date") amends and restates in its entirety the
Employment Agreement originally effective as of February 2, 2001 by and between
Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the "Company"), and
Alton Lee Boynton (the "Executive").

      The Company and Executive hereby agree as follows:

1.    EMPLOYMENT

The Company will employ Executive and Executive will accept employment by the
Company as President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Scientific Officer.
During Executive's employment, Executive shall serve the Company faithfully and
to the best of his ability, devoting substantially all his working time,
attention and energies to the business of the Company, unless otherwise approved
in writing by the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board"). Subject to
the direction of the Board, Executive will have such reasonable duties,
responsibilities, powers and authority as are prescribed by the Company's Board
of Directors. Executive shall not engage in any other business activity (except
the management of personal investments, charitable and civic activities, and,
upon completion of an initial public offering of the Company's Common Stock,
participation as a director for companies that do not compete with the Company,
that in the aggregate do not interfere with the performance of Executive's
duties) without first obtaining the written consent of the Board, but such
consent shall not unreasonably be withheld.

2.    TERM OF AGREEMENT

The term of this Agreement ("Term") shall commence on February 2, 2001 and will
continue in effect until January 31, 2004, unless otherwise terminated as set
forth herein.

3.    COMPENSATION

      (A) BASE SALARY. Company shall pay Executive a base salary at an annual
rate of Two Hundred Sixty-Five Thousand Dollars ($265,000) payable in accordance
with Company's regular pay schedule for senior management. The Board shall
review Executive's salary and performance annually, and Executive shall be
eligible for an increase in his base salary based on such review. Upon the
successful completion of the Company's first firm commitment underwritten public
offering of its Common Stock registered under the Securities Act, Executive's
then-current base salary shall increase by 25%.

      (B) INCENTIVE COMPENSATION. Company shall establish an incentive
compensation plan and Executive shall participate in that plan. Within the first
90 days of each fiscal year, the Board and Executive shall discuss and agree on
financial and other performance objectives for Executive and Company for the
fiscal year. Executive shall receive an incentive compensation

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opportunity of up to a maximum of 35% of his base salary based on his ability to
meet these objectives and as approved by the Board.

      (C) STOCK OPTIONS. The Company shall cause the Board to authorize the
issuance of non-qualified options to Executive to acquire shares of the
Company's common stock ("Shares"), under the following terms and conditions:

            (1) Executive is granted an option to purchase Seventy-Nine Thousand
Three Hundred (79,300) Shares at an exercise price of $1.25 per Share.

            (2) Executive may, at his or the Company's option, pay for all or
any portion of the aggregate exercise price by delivering a combination of any
or all of the following:

                  (i) By delivering shares of the Company's common stock
      previously held by Executive which have a fair market value at the date of
      exercise equal to the aggregate exercise price to be paid by Executive
      upon such exercise. For purposes of this clause, the fair market value
      such shares is to be determined by the Board and shall be final and
      binding, provided that if the shares are publicly traded, the shares' fair
      market value shall be their average opening and closing prices on the date
      of exercise;

                  (ii) By delivering a properly executed exercise notice
      together with irrevocable instructions to a broker to promptly deliver to
      the Company the amount of sale or loan proceeds to pay the exercise price;
      or

                  (iii) By delivering a full recourse promissory note for all or
      part of the aggregate exercise price, payable on such terms and bearing
      such interest rate as determined by the Board (but in no event less than
      the minimum interest rate specified under the Internal Revenue Code at
      which no additional interest would be imputed and in no event more than
      the maximum interest rate allowed under applicable usury laws), which
      promissory note may be either secured or unsecured in such manner as the
      Board shall approve (including, without limitation, by a security interest
      in shares of the Company's stock).

            (3) The options shall vest in equal amounts monthly over 36 months;
provided that, in the event the Company undergoes a change of control ("Change
of Control") by virtue of a sale or exchange of shares in a transaction or
series of transactions occurring in any twelve-month period resulting in the
Company's stockholders as of the beginning of such twelve-month period holding
less than 50% of the outstanding equity and underlying options and warrants at
the end of such period, all of Executive's options shall become immediately
vested and fully exercisable upon such Change of Control.

            (4) The option term of Executive's vested options shall terminate
upon the first to occur of: (i) Executive's termination of employment with the
Company by Company for Cause (as such term is defined in Section 5(f)) or by
Executive without Good Reason (as such term is defined in Section 5(g)); or (ii)
ten years from the date the options are issued.


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            (5) The Board will qualify the options for an exemption from
registration under the applicable federal and Washington State securities laws.

      (D)   BENEFITS.

            (1) Executive shall be entitled to receive a minimum of four weeks
paid vacation and all benefits (such as medical, dental, sick leave, disability,
and retirement benefits) as are generally available from time to time to
employed senior executives of Company. For purposes of this section, benefits
offered to employees leased to Company are not benefits under this section.

            (2) Company will maintain a reasonable policy of insurance for
directors and officers liability as determined by the Board. Executive will be
included within that policy of insurance with the premiums paid by Company.

4.    TERMINATION

Employment of Executive pursuant to this Agreement may be terminated as follows:

      (A) BY EXECUTIVE. Executive may terminate his employment at any time, for
any reason.

      (B) BY THE COMPANY. The Company may terminate the employment of Executive
at any time, for any reason, with or without cause.

      (C) AUTOMATIC TERMINATION. This Agreement and Executive's employment shall
terminate automatically upon the death or total disability of Executive. The
term "total disability" as used in this Agreement shall mean Executive's
inability to perform the duties set forth in Section 1 for a period or periods
aggregating one-hundred twenty (120) calendar days in any 12-month period as a
result of physical or mental illness, loss of legal capacity or any other cause
beyond Executive's control, unless Executive is granted a leave of absence by
the Board. Executive and the Company acknowledge that Executive's ability to
perform the duties specified in Section 1 is of the essence of this Agreement.

5.    TERMINATION PAYMENTS

In the event of termination of the employment of Executive, all compensation and
benefits set forth in this Agreement shall terminate. For purposes of this
Agreement, the effective date of termination shall be thirty (30) days after the
Executive or the Company gives written notice of termination.

6.    INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Company shall own all right, title and interest (including patent rights,
copyrights, trade secret rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights
and all other intellectual rights of any sort throughout the world) relating to
any and all inventions (whether or not patentable), works of authorship, mask
works, designs, know-how, ideas and information made or conceived or reduced to
practice, in whole or in part, by Executive during the term of Executive's
employment


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with Company to and only to the fullest extent allowed by Washington Revised
Code Annotated Section 49.44.140 (which is attached as Exhibit B) (collectively
"Inventions") and Executive will promptly disclose all Inventions to Company.
Executive will also disclose anything Executive believes is excluded by Section
49.44.140 so that Company can make an independent assessment. Executive hereby
makes all assignments necessary to accomplish the foregoing. Executive shall
further assist Company, at Company's expense, to further evidence, record and
perfect such assignments, and to perfect, obtain, maintain, enforce, and defend
any rights specified to be so owned or assigned. Executive hereby irrevocably
designates and appoints Company as its agents and attorneys-in-fact to act for
and in Executive's behalf to execute and file any document and to do all other
lawfully permitted acts to further the purposes of the foregoing with the same
legal force and effect as if executed by Executive. If Executive wishes to
clarify that something created by Executive prior to Executive's employment that
relates to Company's actual or proposed business is not within the scope of this
Agreement, Executive has listed it on Exhibit C. If Executive uses or (except
where disclosed pursuant to this Section 6 as a claimed exclusion to RCW
49.44.140 or in Exhibit C) discloses Executive's own or any third party's
confidential information or intellectual property when acting within the scope
of Executive's employment or otherwise on behalf of Company, Company will have
and Executive hereby grants Company a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide
royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable right and license to exploit and
exercise all such confidential information and intellectual property rights. To
the extent allowed by law, this section includes all rights of paternity,
integrity, disclosure and withdrawal and any other rights that may be known as
or referred to as "moral rights," "artist's rights," "droit moral," or the like
(collectively "Moral Rights"). To the extent Executive retains any such Moral
Rights under applicable law, Executive hereby ratifies and consents to any
action that may be taken with respect to such Moral Rights by or authorized by
Company and agree not to assert any Moral Rights with respect thereto. Executive
will confirm any such ratifications, consents and agreements from time to time
as requested by Company.

7.    PRIVACY

Executive recognizes and agrees that Executive has no expectation of privacy
with respect to Company's telecommunications, networking or information
processing systems (including, without limitation, stored computer files, email
messages and voice messages) and that Executive's activity and any files or
messages on or using any of those systems may be monitored at any time without
notice.

8.    RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS

Executive acknowledges: (i) that Executive will have access during his
employment with Company to confidential information regarding all Inventions and
all other business, technical and financial information (including, without
limitation, the identity of and information relating to customers or employees)
Executive develops, learns or obtains during the term of Executive's employment
that relates to Company or the business or demonstrably anticipated business of
Company or that are received by or for Company in confidence, and that all such
information constitutes "Proprietary Information"; (ii) that information
regarding Proprietary Information constitutes a valuable asset and trade secret
of Company; and (iii) that it is reasonable for Company to protect itself from
misappropriation of Proprietary Information by Executive upon termination of
employment or otherwise. Accordingly, in consideration of employment


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hereunder, and other good and valuable consideration, Executive agrees to the
following nondisclosure, noninterference and noncompetition covenants during the
Term and for a period of twenty-four (24) months after the Term:

      (A) NONDISCLOSURE. Executive will not copy, remove, or disclose any
Proprietary Information, except as may be required by law or in the course of
performing services for Company, Executive will hold in confidence and not
disclose or, except within the scope of Executive's employment, use any
Proprietary Information at any time, even after Executive's employment with
Company ends for whatever reason. However, Executive shall not be obligated
under this paragraph with respect to information Executive can document by clear
and convincing evidence is or becomes readily publicly available without
restriction through no fault of Executive. Upon termination of Executive's
employment or if sooner requested, Executive will promptly return to Company all
items containing or embodying Proprietary Information (including all copies),
except that Executive may keep Executive's personal copies of (i) Executive's
compensation records, (ii) materials distributed to shareholders generally and
(iii) this Agreement;

      (B) NONINTERFERENCE. Executive will not employ, solicit, or seek to employ
any person who is an employee of Company or its subsidiaries (i) as of the date
hereof; (ii) during the Term, or (iii) at the time of employment or
solicitation; and

      (C) NONCOMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. Executive will not, directly or
indirectly, as principal, agent, employee, officer, shareholder, consultant or
otherwise, engage in any business that competes directly with Company or any of
its subsidiaries, and will not solicit or aid in soliciting, endeavor to obtain
as a customer or client, accept sales, marketing, financial, or consulting
business from, or perform sales, marketing, consulting or related business for
any person, firm, corporation, association or other entity: (i) that is or was a
Company customer for whom Executive performed any services or with whom
Executive had maintained substantial business contacts at any time during the
Term; or (ii) whose business Executive solicited, either alone or in conjunction
with others, on behalf of Company or any of its subsidiaries during the Term.

      Executive acknowledges and agrees: (i) that a breach of any of the
covenants contained in this Section 8 would cause irreparable injury to Company
and its subsidiaries for which monetary damages alone would be inadequate to
compensate and protect Company and its subsidiaries; (ii) that Company and its
subsidiaries may therefore seek and obtain injunctive relief to enjoin any
breach of such restrictive covenants in addition to, and not in limitation of,
any other legal or equitable remedies that are available as a matter, of law or
equity; and (iii) that specific enforcement of this Agreement by way of an
injunction shall not prevent Executive from earning a reasonable livelihood.
EXECUTIVE FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE NONDISCLOSURE,
NONINTERFERENCE, NONCOMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION COVENANTS CONTAINED HEREIN
ARE NECESSARY FOR THE PROTECTION OF COMPANY'S LEGITIMATE BUSINESS INTERESTS AND
ARE REASONABLE IN DURATION, GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE, AND OTHER CONTENT. However, in the
event a court of competent jurisdiction should decline to enforce any term of
the nondisclosure, noninterference, noncompetition or nonsolicitation covenants,
as written herein, such covenant shall be deemed to be modified to require
confidentiality and restrict Executive's interference,


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competition and solicitation with Company and its subsidiaries to the maximum
duration, geographic scope, and other content that the court shall find
enforceable.

9.    ASSIGNMENT

This Agreement is personal to Executive and shall not be assignable by
Executive. If the Company changes it name or changes a limited liability
corporation to another corporate form, this Agreement will remain in effect
between the Executive and the Company's successor. All the terms and provisions
of this Agreement shall be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of and be
enforceable by the parties and their respective successors and permitted
assigns.

10.   WAIVERS

No delay or failure by any party to this Agreement in exercising, protecting or
enforcing any of its rights, titles, interests or remedies hereunder, and no
course of dealing or performance with respect thereto, shall constitute a
waiver. The express waiver by a party of any right, title, interest or remedy in
a particular instance or circumstance shall not constitute a waiver in any other
instance or circumstance. All rights and remedies shall be cumulative and not
exclusive of any other rights or remedies.

11.   ARBITRATION

Any controversies or claims arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall
be fully and finally settled by arbitration in the city of Seattle, Washington
in accordance with the Employment Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration
Association then in effect (the "AAA Rules"), conducted by one arbitrator either
mutually agreed upon by the Company and Executive or chosen in accordance with
the AAA Rules, except that the parties shall have any right to discovery as
would be permitted by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for a period of 90
days following the commencement of such arbitration, and the arbitrator shall
resolve any dispute that arises in connection with such discovery. Judgment upon
the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court having
jurisdiction.

12.   AMENDMENTS IN WRITING

No amendment, modification, waiver, termination or discharge of any provision of
this Employment Agreement, nor consent to any departure from any provision of
this Agreement by either party, shall in any event be effective unless the same
shall be in writing, specifically identifying this Agreement and the provision
intended to be amended, modified, waived, terminated or discharged and signed by
the Company and Executive, and each such amendment, modification, waiver,
termination or discharge shall be effective only in the specific instance and
for the specific purpose for which given. No provision of this Agreement shall
be varied, contradicted or explained by any oral agreement, course of dealing or
performance or any other matter not set forth in an agreement in writing and
signed by the Company and Executive.

13.   APPLICABLE LAW

This Agreement shall in all respects, including all matters of construction,
validity and performance, be governed by, and construed and enforced in
accordance with, the laws of the state of Washington, without regard to any
rules governing conflicts of laws.


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14.   SEVERABILITY

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid, illegal or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction, for any reason, including, without
limitation, the duration of such provision, its geographical scope or the extent
of the activities prohibited or required by it, then, to the full extent
permitted by law (a) all other provisions shall remain in full force and effect
in such jurisdiction and shall be liberally construed in order to carry out the
intent of the parties as nearly as may be possible, (b) such invalidity,
illegality or unenforceability shall not affect the validity, legality or
enforceability of any other provision, and (c) any court or arbitrator having
jurisdiction shall have the power to reform such provision to the extent
necessary for such provision to be enforceable under applicable law.

15.   HEADINGS

All headings used in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not in
any way affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in
interpreting, this Agreement.

16.   COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement, and any amendment or modification entered into pursuant to
Section 12, may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which
counterparts, when so executed and delivered, shall be deemed to be an original
and all of which counterparts, taken together, shall constitute one and the same
instrument.

17.   ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Agreement between Executive and the Company (and any addenda, amendments or
extensions to those agreements) constitutes the entire agreement between the
Company and Executive with respect to the subject matters of this Agreement.

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.          EXECUTIVE:

By: /s/ Haakon Ragde, M.D.               /s/ Alton Lee Boynton
    ---------------------                ----------------------------------
    Director, Compensation Committee     Alton Lee Boynton


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                                    EXHIBIT A

WAIVER AND RELEASE

For and in consideration of the severance payments and benefits set out in the
Employment Agreement attached hereto, Executive, on behalf of himself and his
agents, heirs, successors and assigns, expressly waives any claims against
Company and releases Company (including its officers, directors, stockholders,
managers, agents and representatives) from any and all claims, demands,
liabilities, damages, obligations, actions or causes of action of any kind,
known or unknown, past or present, arising out of, relating to, or in connection
with Executive's employment, termination of employment, or the holding of any
office with Company or any other related entity. The claims released by
Executive include, but are not limited to, claims for defamation, libel,
invasion of privacy, intentional or negligent infliction of emotional distress,
wrongful termination, constructive discharge, breach of contract, breach of the
covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, or for
violation of any federal, state or other governmental statute or ordinance,
including, without limitation, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the
federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Americans with Disabilities
Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Employment Retirement Income Security
Program or any other legal limitation on the employment relationship.

This waiver and release shall not waive or release claims (1) where the events
in dispute first arise after execution of this Release; (2) for rights or
benefits due under the Employment Agreement attached hereto; or (3) relating to
Executive's rights to indemnity as a corporate officer of Company.

Executive agrees he has been provided the opportunity to consider whether to
enter into this Release, and has voluntarily chosen to enter into it on this
date. This Release shall be effective when signed. Executive acknowledges that
he is voluntarily executing this Release, that he has carefully read and fully
understands all aspects of this Release and the attached Employment Agreement,
that he has not relied upon any representations or statements not set forth
herein or made by Company's agents or representatives, that he has been advised
to consult with an attorney prior to executing the Release, and that, in fact,
he has consulted with an attorney of his choice as to the subject matter and
effect of this Release.

Date: November 13, 2003                 Executive: /S/ Alton Lee Boynton

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                                    EXHIBIT B

               WASHINGTON REVISED CODE ANNOTATED SECTION 49.44.140

Washington Revised Code Annotated Section 49.44.140 provides as follows:

      A provision in an employment agreement that provides that an employee
      shall assign or offer to assign any of the employee's rights in an
      invention to the employer does not apply to an invention for which no
      equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information of the
      employer was used and that was developed entirely on the employee's own
      time, unless:

      (a) the invention relates (i) directly to the business of the employer, or
      (ii) to the employer's actual or demonstrably anticipated research or
      development, or

      (b) the invention results from any work performed by the employee for the
      employer.

      Any provision that purports to apply to such an invention is to that
      extent against the public policy of this state and is to that extent
      unenforceable.

      An employer shall not require a provision made void and unenforceable by
      subsection (a) of this section as a condition of employment or continuing
      employment.

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                                    EXHIBIT C

      None.