# Patent

## Title
Relay user equipment device and status announcement method thereof

## Abstract

A relay user equipment (UE) device is operable to provide a currently activated function to a 3GPP network entity and an application out of the 3GPP network. The currently activated function of the relay UE device reflects whether the relay UE device is operating as a regular terminal UE or relay UE. The disclosed relay UE device and base station provide an enhanced monitoring response with an enhanced positioning granularity to a position monitoring request.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/591,004, entitled “PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH DIVERSIFIED OPERATION METHOD,” filed on Jan. 7, 2015, published as US 20150125129 A1, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/585,778, entitled “PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND DIVERSIFIED OPERATION METHOD THEREOF,” filed on Aug. 14, 2012, published as US 20120308197 A1, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,958,683, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/770,733, entitled “MEDIA DATA PLAYBACK DEVICE AND REPLAY METHOD THEREOF,” filed on Apr. 30, 2010, published as US 20110243522 A1, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,270,821, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Chinese Patent Application No. 201010137400.9, filed Apr. 1, 2010 in the People's Republic of China. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein.


FIELD
The disclosure relates to computer technologies, and more particularly to a machine type communication device and operation method thereof.
BACKGROUND
A machine type communication (MTC) device is a user equipment (UE) which is equipped for machine type communication, and communicates through a public land mobile network (PLMN) with MTC server(s) and/or other MTC device(s). With a wide range of potential applications, MTC or machine to machine (M2M) communication is gaining a tremendous interest and attracting more and more research investment among mobile network operators, equipment vendors, MTC specialist companies, and research bodies. To facilitate convergence among these different stakeholders, different standardization groups started working on MTC. Several MTC issues, however, have not been addressed.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a MTC device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary wireless cellular communication network.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an MTC device transmitting an enhanced monitoring response upon receiving a monitoring request.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an MTC device transmitting an enhanced monitoring response during an area update process.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a phantom cell in a radio access network.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a service capability exposure function (SCEF) providing application programming interfaces (APIs) for enhanced monitoring functions.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Descriptions of exemplary embodiments of an MTC device and monitoring method thereof are given in the following paragraphs which are organized as follows:
1. System Overview
1.1 Exemplary MTC Device
2. Exemplary operations of the MTC device
3. Location Monitoring and Location Reporting
4. Positioning Method
5. Exposure of Enhanced Monitoring Functions Through SCEF
6. Conclusion
Note that although terminology from 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) has been used in this disclosure to exemplify the devices, network entities, interfaces and interactions between the entities, this should not be seen as limiting the scope of the disclosure to only the aforementioned system. Other wireless systems, including global system for mobile (GSM), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16, and low power wide area network (LPWAN), may also benefit from exploiting the ideas covered within the disclosure.
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
With reference to FIG. 1, an electronic device 100 is described in the following as an example of an MTC device. The electronic device 100 may be an MTC gateway device. An exemplary definition of an MTC gateway device is provided in 3GPP technical report (TR) 22.888. An MTC gateway device is an MTC device equipped for machine type communication, which acts as a gateway for a group of co-located MTC devices. An MTC gateway device may connect MTC devices and/or local access devices in an MTC capillary network served by the MTC gateway device to communicate through a PLMN with one or more MTC server, and/or other one or more MTC Device. A local access device is a device in an MTC capillary network, which has no 3GPP mobile communication capability. An MTC capillary network is a network of devices that provides local connectivity between devices within coverage of a MTC gateway device. Examples of the MTC capillary network may comprise wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols, such as IEEE 802.11 networks, and personal area network (PAN), such as IEEE 802.15 networks. An MTC gateway device performs procedures such as authentication, authorization, registration, management and provisioning for the local access devices connected to the MTC gateway device through local connectivity.
The disclosed MTC device 100 can be implemented as a stand-alone device or integrated in various MTC devices, such as a set top box, a cell phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, a monitor, a multimedia player, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a navigation device or a mobile internet device (MID).
1.1 Exemplary MTC Device
With reference to FIG. 1, a processor 151 comprises a central processing unit of the MTC device 100. The processor 151 may comprise various integrated circuits (ICs) for processing data and machine-readable instructions. Connection of the components in the device 100 is shown in FIG. 1 and may comprise serial or parallel transmission buses, or wireless communication channels. A communication unit 156 establishes a first set of one or more wireless communication channels, referred to as backbone wireless channel, through which the device 100 may connect through a PLMN to the Internet. The communication unit 156 may receive data, such as media data streams, and receive signaling, such as monitoring requests, from a remote station on the Internet. The device 100 may connect to the Internet through a PLMN or a LPWAN. Additionally, the communication unit 156 may establish a second set of one or more wireless communication channels, referred to as capillary wireless channel, through which a portable device, such as a remote control, a local access device, a mobile phone, or a palm top computer, may connect to and exchange data with the device 100. The communication unit 156 may comprise antennas, base band, radio frequency (RF) chipsets, and interconnecting circuitry for the established wireless communication channels. Examples of the capillary wireless channels may be channels conforming to wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols and/or personal area network (PAN) protocols. Examples of the backbone wireless channels may be channels conforming to cellular communication such as W-CDMA, high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), LTE, LTE-Advance, and other beyond 4G communication technologies. The beyond 4G communication technologies may be referred to as 5G technology, such as IMT-2020 technology named by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Through the established wireless communication channels, the device 100 may serve as a MTC gateway device, a wireless LAN access point, or hotspot through which the portable device connected with the device 100 connects to the Internet. The device 100 comprises an interface operable to convert signals and data packets transferred between the backbone wireless channel and a capillary wireless channel. The device 100 may function as an MTC gateway device connecting a plurality of devices through the capillary wireless channels to form an MTC capillary network.
The processor 151 may be packaged as a chip or comprise a plurality of chips interconnected through buses. For example, the processor 151 may only comprise a central processing unit (CPU) or a combination of a CPU, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a communication controller chip, such as a chip of the communication unit 156. The communication controller may comprise one or more controllers of wired or wireless communication, such as for cellular, infrared, BluetoothTM, or wireless local area network (LAN) communication. The communication controller coordinates communication among components of the device 100 or communication between the device 100 and external devices.
A power supply 158 provides electrical power to components of the device 100. For example, the power supply 158 may comprise a rectifier, a battery, or a renewable power supply which harvests electrical power from environment. A crystal oscillator 159 provides clock signals to the processor 151 and other components of the device 100. The timers 50 and 60 keep track of predetermined time intervals and may comprise circuits, machine-readable programs, or a combination thereof. Each of the timers 50 and 60 generates signals to give notification of expiration of the predetermined time intervals. Input and output (I/O) units 160 may comprise control buttons, an alphanumeric keypad, a touch panel, a touch screen, and a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). A controller 165 detects operations on the I/O units 160 and transmits signals indicative of the detected operation to the processor 151. The controller 165 also controls operations of the I/O units 160. The processor 151 may control the I/O units 160 through the controller 165. Ports 164 may be used to connect to various computerized interfaces, such as an external computer, or a peripheral device. The ports 164 may comprise physical ports complying with universal serial bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 standards, recommended standard 232 (RS-232) and/or recommended standard 11 (RS-11) defined by Electronics Industries Association (EIA), serial ATA (SATA), and/or high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI).
Nonvolatile memory 153 stores an operating system and applications executable by the processor 151. The processor 151 may load runtime processes and data from the nonvolatile memory 153 to the main memory 152 and store digital content in a mass storage device 154. The device 100 may obtain digital content such as e-books through the communication unit 156. The main memory 152 may comprise a random access memory (RAM), such as static RAM (SRAM) or dynamic RAM (DRAM). The main memory 152 may comprise a nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM), such as phase-change random access memory (PRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), or other NVRAM. Some examples of NVRAM comprise ferroelectric RAM, resistive RAM, organic bistable memory material. One example of MRAM is spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM). The nonvolatile memory 153 may comprise an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or a flash memory, such as a NOR flash or a NAND flash, or a NVRAM.
A content protection system 157 provides access control to digital content reproduced by the device 100. The content protection system 157 may comprise memory and necessary devices for implementing digital video broadcasting—common interface (DVB-CI) and/or conditional access (CA). The device 100 may obtain digital content from broadcast signals through an antenna, a tuner, and a demodulator. Alternatively, the device 100 may obtain digital content from an information network, such as the Internet, through a network interface.
A video output unit 162 comprises filters and amplifiers for filtering and amplifying video signals output by the processor 151. An audio output unit 161 comprises a digital to analog converter converting audio signals output by the processor 151 from digital format to analog format.
A display 155 is operable to display text and images, and may comprise e-paper, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), a field emission display (FED), or a liquid crystal display (LCD). Alternatively, the display 155 may comprise a reflective display, such as an electrophoretic display, an electrofluidic display, or a display using interferometric modulation. The display 155 may display various graphical user interfaces (GUIs) as virtual controls including but not limited to windows, scroll bars, icons, and clipboards. The display 155 may comprise a single display or a plurality of displays in different sizes. The processor 151 may present various GUIs on the display 155 as detailed in the following paragraphs.
The I/O units 160 comprise a touch sensor 167 operable to detect touch operations on the display 155. The touch sensor 167 may comprise a transparent touch pad overlaid on the display 155 or arrays of optical touch transmitters and receivers located on the boarder of the display 155, such as those disclosed in US patent publication No. 20090189878.
2. EXEMPLARY OPERATIONS OF THE MTC DEVICE
The communication unit 156 of the device 100 may communicate with and download some useful information such as location, weather, entertainment, media data streams and flight information from an MTC Server. Alternatively, the communication unit 156 may communicate with and receive media data streams such as surveillance images from an MTC device, such as a surveillance camera, a motion sensor, a fire alarm, a thermal meter, in the capillary network of the MTC gateway device. Another MTC device may connect to the MTC gateway device and fetch the information directly from the MTC gateway device.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,958,683 and U.S. application Ser. No. 14/591,004 entitled “PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH DIVERSIFIED OPERATION METHOD,” filed on Jan. 7, 2015, published as US 20150125129 A1 disclose diversified operation methods and playback positioning methods. For example, the device 100 may execute the playback positioning methods on a received media data stream.
A MTC device 100a is an embodiment of the device 100. The device 100a may include all the components or only a portion of the components of the device 100. Note that a class of MTC device known as low cost MTC device is still under standardization process led by some standardization groups, such as 3GPP. For example, the device 100 may exclude some of the components of the device 100, such as content protection system 157, the video output 162, the audio output 161, the display 155 and the I/O units 160, and exclude some functions of the device 100, such as the media playback function. The disclosed methods and steps may be executed by or through interoperation of one or more processing units of device 100a, such as the processor 151 and the communication unit 156 and one or more processing units of a 3GPP network entity interacting with the device 100a. The disclosed methods and steps may be soft coded as computer executable programs in programming language or hard coded in IC chips. For example, a status reporter operable to report an active operating state of the device 100a may comprise a processing unit of the device 100a and a portion of computer executable programs executed by the processing unit. Similarly, a monitor request responder operable to responding a monitoring request may comprise a processing unit of the device 100a and a portion of computer executable programs executed by the processing unit.
3. LOCATION MONITORING AND LOCATION REPORTING
A usage type of the device 100a may be defined into at least two categories: a regular terminal device or an MTC gateway device. The usage type of the device 100a represent an active operating state of the communication unit 156 or the device 100a. When operating in the usage type of MTC gateway device, the device 100a functions as an MTC gateway device wherein the communication unit 156 establishes both of the backbone wireless channel and the capillary wireless channel. When operating in the usage type of regular terminal device, the device 100a does not function as an MTC gateway device wherein the communication unit 156 establishes a wireless communication channel, such as the backbone wireless channel, to a PLMN (s) rather than the capillary wireless channel. The device 100a may be statically associated with one of the two usage type categories. The usage type of the device 100 may be associated with a subscription store in a home subscriber server (HSS). Alternatively, the device 100a may be designed as a multifunctional device which is operable to transit from one of the usage type categories to the other during operation of the device 100a. The processor 151 may transits the usage type of the device 100a in response to user operation on a user interface, or through a network assisted function, such as a device to device (D2D) coordinator selection assignment. For example, the device 100a transits usage type from an original usage type, such as the regular MTC terminal, to the usage type of MTC gateway device in response a D2D coordinator selection assignment received from a 3GPP network entity.
The category of regular terminal device may comprise subcategories of MTC device, or human to human (H2H) device. Each of the two categories may additionally comprise a plurality of subcategories of usage types, such as high latency MTC and latency critical MTC.
With reference to FIG. 2. when operating in the usage type of regular terminal device, the device 100a may reports location of the device 100a to an application server, such as an application server 531 which initiating a monitoring request. The application server 31 may initiate a monitoring request through a service capability server (SCS) 501, an anchor network entity 510, a HSS 502, an serving network entity 520, and a radio access network (RAN) 530 to device 100a. The location reporting may be triggered by device 100a or sent by device 100a in response to the monitoring request. When operating in the usage type of MTC gateway device, the device 100a reporting location of the device 100a to the application server 531 may be insufficient to reflect location of one or more local access devices or Internet of things (IoT) device 400 and device 401 in the MTC capillary network 600 served by the device 100a. The usage type of device may be recognizable by or transparent to 3GPP network entities.
In FIG. 2, the anchor network entity 510 may comprise at least one of an MTC interworking function (MTC-IWF) 511 and a gateway general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (GGSN)/packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) 512. The serving network entity 520 may comprise at least one of a mobile switching centre (MSC) 521, a mobile management entity (MME) 522, a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 523, a serving gateway (S-GW) 524, and an enhanced serving mobile location centre (E-SMLC) 525. Interfaces Um, Uu, LTE-Uu, T5a, T5b, T5c, Gi, SGi, S6n, S6m, Rf, Ga, Tsp and Tsms are 3GPP defined interfaces. Each of the interfaces accompany a connection, shown as a line or a dashed line in FIG. 2, between two network entities denotes the interface, reference point, or protocol between the two network entities. MTC authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) 504 connected to the HSS 502 may perform AAA related processes, such as mapping a user equipment (UE) international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) or international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) to an external identifier of the UE using subscriber information in the HSS. The MTC-IWF 511 connects to a network entity 505 of charging data function (CDF) and charging gateway function (CGF) and a network entity 506 of short message service-service centre (SMS-SC), gateway MSC (GMSC), and interworking MSC (IWMSC). The network entity of SMS-SC/GMSC/IWMSC 506 connects to a network entity of short message entity (SME) 508 and a network entity of IP-short-message-gateway (IP-SM-GW) 507. A line 603 denotes a separation between a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) and visited public land mobile network (VPLMN). The device 100a may connect to RAN 530 through one of a plurality of wireless cellular communication channels 601.
If the usage type of device 100a is recognizable by 3GPP network entities, at least one 3GPP network entity, such as the HSS 502, the MTC AAA 504, the anchor network entity 510, or the serving network entity 520, may store or be notified of the usage type of the device 100a in association with an identification (ID) or identifier of the device 100a, including a local ID, such as IMEI, IMSI, and/or an external ID, such as a user name, subscriber or subscription information, recognizable by at least one of the application servers 531 and 532.
With reference to FIG. 3, if device 100a is in the usage type of MTC gateway device, a request initiator 200, such as the serving network entity 520, communicates with the device 100a regarding location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401. For example, the request initiator 200, such as the serving network entity 520, transfers the monitoring request to the device 100a (step 700). The device 100a receives the monitoring request (step 702) and sends an enhanced location report through the serving network entity 520 to an initiator of the monitoring request and/or a destination specified by the monitoring request (step 704). The enhanced location report may comprise the measurements of the locations of the local access devices 400 and 401, the status of the device 100a. The measurements of the locations of the local access devices 400 and 401 may reflect whether each of the device 400 is reachable by the device 100a. The status of the device 100a may reflect whether the device 100a is in the usage type of the regular terminal device or MTC gateway device. The device 100a may perform the measurements in advance or in response to the monitoring request. The device 100a may perform one or more of positioning methods, such as positioning methods defined in 3GPP TS 36.305 version 12.2.0, to generate the location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401.
If the usage type of device 100a is transparent to 3GPP network entities, 3GPP network entities do not store the usage type of the device 100a. An MTC UE application 10 may perform the measurements of the locations of the local access devices 400 and 401. The device 100a upon receiving the monitoring request, generates and sends a monitoring response for the monitoring request. The 3GPP network entities and the device 100a may respond the monitoring request according to LTE positioning protocol (LPP) and LTE positioning protocol A (LPPa) or according to clause 5.6.1.5 and clause 5.6.1.1 of 3GPP TS 23.682 version 13.2.0. Additionally, the device 100a sends location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401 to an initiator of the monitoring request and/or a destination specified by the monitoring request. The device 100a may send the location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401 in monitoring response by appending the location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401 after location of the device 100a. Alternatively, the device 100a may send the location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401 in a separated monitoring response to reply to the initiator of the monitoring request and/or the destination specified by the monitoring request. The initiator may be an application server, a service capability exposure function (SCEF), an E-SMLC, a location service (LCS) client, or one of the 3GPP network entities.
With reference to FIG. 4, if device 100a is in the usage type of MTC gateway device, the device 100a performs area update (step 703), such as tracking area update (TAU), location area update (LAU), or routing area update (RAU). The device 100a performs location measurements for the local access devices 400 and 401 and sends the measurements in an enhanced location report through the serving network entity 520 to an initiator of the monitoring request and/or a destination specified by the monitoring request (step 704). The initiator 200, such as serving network entity 520 receives the enhanced location report and updates a tracking area list utilizing the enhanced location report (step 706).
4. POSITIONING METHOD
While the terms “pico node” and “macro node” are used extensively in the description, it should be appreciated that the techniques are applicable to any of a variety of transmitting nodes where the coverage area of one transmitting node falls at least partly within the coverage area of another, including deployments in which the coverage area of one node falls entirely with the coverage of another. The terms “pico node” and “macro node” as used herein should be understood to represent examples of base stations. The use of these terms is not meant to rule out the applicability of the disclosure to other nodes and other radio base stations, whether those nodes are called small cells, femtocells, picocells, microcells, femto nodes, micro nodes, NodeB/eNodB or the similar.
The device 100a may perform one or more of positioning methods, such as positioning methods defined in 3GPP TS 36.305 version 12.2.0, to generate the location measurements of local access devices 400 and 401. The positioning methods may comprise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning methods, downlink positioning methods, enhanced cell ID positioning (E-CID) methods, and uplink positioning methods. One or more local access devices, such as the devices 400 and 401, served by the device 100a in the capillary network 600 may also be MTC devices.
If an MTC device, such as the device 100a or one of devices 400 and 401, is served by a phantom cell or a soft cell formed by linking a plurality of small cells where the phantom cell has at least a portion overlapped with a macro cell served by a macro cell base station. Two small cells in the phantom cell may allocate a same cell-radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) to the MTC device. The macro cell base station upon receiving the monitoring request replies cell ID of the macro cell base station and cell ID of one or more of the small cell in the phantom cell to the initiator and/or the destination of the monitoring request. The macro cell base station may send the cell ID of the small cell most close to the device 100a or one of devices 400 and 401 in the reply. The cell ID of the macro cell base station may comprise at least one of evolved cell global identifier (ECGI) and physical cell ID. The cell ID of one of the small cells may comprise at least one of evolved cell global identifier (ECGI), physical cell ID, name of home NodeB/eNodeB (HNB), and ID of Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), or a combination of the IDs.
With reference to FIG. 5, an MTC device 100b, such as the device 100a or one of devices 400 and 401, is served by a phantom cell C84 formed by linking pico cells C82 and C83. The phantom cell C84 has at least a portion overlapped with a macro cell C81 served by a macro node 81. Pico nodes 82 and 83 serve pico cells C82 and C83 respectively. The macro node 81 serves macro cell C81. The macro node 81 is a base station with higher radio transmission power while the pico nodes 82 and 83 are base stations with lower radio transmission power. An administering node, such as macro node 81 or one of the pico nodes 82 and 83, manages the phantom cell C84 and communicates with 3GPP core network, such as the serving network entity 520 and the anchor network entity 510. In the following, the macro node 81 is described as the administering node for example, while not intended to limit the disclosure. The macro node 81, for example, serves as the administering node. The macro node 81 transmits control plane signals to the device 100b through wireless channel 811, referred to as an anchor carrier, and directs the pico node 82 to transmits user plane data to the device 100b through wireless channel 821, referred to as a booster carrier. The macro node 81 may allocate lower frequency band, such as below 3 GHz, to the anchor carrier and allocate higher frequency band, such as above 3.5 GHz or millimeter wave bands, to the booster carrier.
The macro node 81 upon receiving the monitoring request replies cell ID of the macro cell base station and cell ID of one or more of the pico nodes 82 and 83 in the phantom cell C84 to the initiator and/or the destination of the monitoring request. The macro cell base station may send the cell ID of the pico node 82 most close to the device 100b in the reply. The cell ID of the pico node 82 may comprise at least one of ECGI, physical cell ID, and/or name of the pico node 82.
5. EXPOSURE OF ENHANCED MONITORING FUNCTIONS THROUGH SCEF
With reference to FIG. 6, a SCEF 501a connects to a plurality of 3GPP entities, such as 502, 506, 509, 511, 520, 541, 542, and 543. The network entity 541 is a serving call server control function (S-CSCF) 541. The network entity 509 is a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) 509. Each of interfaces Sh, Rx T4, Tsms, Tsp, ISC, accompany a connection, shown as a line, in FIG. 6, between two network entities denotes the interface, reference point, or protocol between the two network entities. An area 604 is shown as a trust domain of a 3GPP network operator. Each of interfaces A1, A2, A3 and A4 comprises communication protocols between two entities connected by the interface. Each of applications 531a, 531b, 531c, and 531d and the SCS 501 may serve as the initiator of the monitoring request. The SCS 501 may provide the following monitoring functions A, B, and C to application 531a, 531b, and 531c through a SCEF 501a:









TABLE T1





Monitoring Function
Monitored Entity
Monitored Information







Function A
MTC Gateway
Usage type


Function B
MTC Gateway
Enhanced monitoring response


Function C
MTC device
Cell ID of a pico node serving




the MTC device in a phantom




cell









For example, the SCS 501 provides application programming interfaces (APIs) for application 531a, 531b, and 531c. The application programming interfaces API_1, API_2, and API_3 respectively activates the monitoring functions A, B, and C.
6. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, an MTC device can operates as a regular MTC terminal or a MTC gateway device. The disclosed MTC gateway device is operable to provide usage type information to a 3GPP network entity and an application out of the 3GPP network. The disclosed MTC gateway device and base station provide an enhanced monitoring response to a monitoring request.
It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the disclosure have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

## Claims

1. A machine type communication (MTC) device comprising:
a communication unit operable to transmit an announcement of an active operating state of the communication unit among a plurality of operating states through a wireless communication channel, wherein the plurality of operating states comprise an MTC gateway device usage type and an regular MTC terminal usage type; and
a processor operable as a reporter operable to report the MTC gateway device usage type as the active operating state associated with the communication unit in a condition that the communication unit operates as an MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type;
wherein the processor is operable to report the regular MTC terminal usage type as the active operating state associated with the communication unit in a condition that the communication unit operates as an MTC terminal in the regular MTC terminal usage type;
wherein the processor is operable to report a current serving cell ID associated with the communication unit in response to a serving cell ID announcement request in a condition that the communication unit operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type, and report an updated serving cell ID associated with the communication unit upon a mobility event of the communication unit in response to the serving cell ID announcement request in a condition that the communication unit operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type;
wherein the processor performs:
transmitting an enhanced monitoring response in a mobility management entity (MME) receivable message comprising the active operating state upon a mobility management event associated with the communication unit, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

2. The MTC device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor performs:
receiving a monitoring request; and
replying the monitoring request with an enhanced monitoring response comprising location information of at least one local access device in an MTC capillary network served by the communication unit in response to a mobility management event associated with the communication in a condition that the communication unit operates in the MTC gateway device usage type wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

3. The MTC device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor performs:
providing the enhanced monitoring response through a monitoring function associated with a service capability exposure function (SCEF).

4. The MTC device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor performs:
receiving a monitoring request; and
replying the monitoring request with an enhanced monitoring response in a serving gateway (S-GW) receivable message comprising the active operating state.

5. The MTC device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the processor performs:
providing the enhanced monitoring response through a monitoring function associated with a service capability exposure function (SCEF).

6. The MTC device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor performs:
transmitting an enhanced monitoring response in a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) receivable message comprising location information of at least one local access device in an MTC capillary network served by the communication unit upon a mobility management event associated with the communication unit, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

7. The MTC device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication unit is served in a phantom cell formed by a plurality of pico cells, the phantom cell is at least partially overlapped with a macro cell served by a macro cell base station, the communication unit connects to the serving pico cell in the phantom cell through a booster carrier and connects to the macro cell base station through an anchor carrier, and the processor performs:
reporting an identifier of a serving pico cell in the plurality of pico cells which serves the communication unit through the anchor carrier in a condition that the communication unit operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type.

8. A machine type communication (MTC) monitoring method, executable by an MTC gateway device, comprising:
transmitting an announcement of an active operating state associated with the MTC gateway device among a plurality of operating states through a wireless communication channel;
reporting an MTC gateway device usage type as the active operating state in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as an MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type;
reporting a non-gateway usage type as the active operating state in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as an MTC terminal in the non-gateway usage type;
receiving a serving cell ID announcement request;
reporting a current serving cell ID associated with the MTC gateway device in response to the serving cell ID announcement request in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type;
reporting an updated serving cell ID associated with the MTC gateway device upon a mobility event of the MTC gateway device in response to the serving cell ID announcement request in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type; and
transmitting an enhanced monitoring response in a mobility management entity (MME) receivable message comprising the active operating state upon a mobility management event associated with the MTC gateway device, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a monitoring request; and
replying the monitoring request with an enhanced monitoring response comprising location information of at least one local access device in an MTC capillary network served by the MTC gateway device in response to a mobility management event associated with the MTC gateway device, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
providing the enhanced monitoring response through a monitoring function associated with a service capability exposure function (SCEF).

11. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a monitoring request; and
replying the monitoring request with an enhanced monitoring response in a serving gateway (S-GW) receivable message comprising the active operating state.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising:
providing the enhanced monitoring response through a monitoring function associated with a service capability exposure function (SCEF).

13. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
transmitting an enhanced monitoring response comprising location information of at least one local access device in an MTC capillary network served by the MTC gateway device upon a mobility management event associated with the MTC gateway device, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility management event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

14. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the MTC gateway device is served in a phantom cell formed by a plurality of pico cells, the phantom cell is at least partially overlapped with a macro cell served by a macro cell base station, and the method further comprises:
reporting an identifier of a serving pico cell in the plurality of pico cells which serves the MTC gateway device.

15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the MTC gateway device connects to the serving pico cell in the phantom cell through a booster carrier and connects to the macro cell base station through an anchor carrier, and the method further comprises:
reporting the identifier of the serving pico cell through the anchor carrier.

16. A machine type communication (MTC) monitoring method, executable by an MTC gateway device, comprising:
transmitting an announcement of an active operating state of the MTC gateway device among a plurality of operating states in response to a monitoring function associated with service capability exposure function (SCEF), wherein the plurality of operating states comprise an MTC gateway device usage type and an regular MTC terminal usage type;
wherein the active operating state reflects a usage type of the MTC gateway device;
reporting an MTC gateway device usage type as the active operating state in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as an MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type;
reporting a non-gateway usage type as the active operating state in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as an MTC terminal in the non-gateway usage type; and
reporting an enhanced monitoring response comprising information of all local access devices in a capillary network served by the MTC gateway device in response to a mobility management event associated with the MTC gateway device in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the mobility management event comprises a cellular network mobility event of one of location area update, routing area update, and tracking area update associated with the MTC gateway device.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the MTC gateway device is served in a phantom cell formed by a plurality of pico cells, the phantom cell is at least partially overlapped with a macro cell served by a macro cell base station, and the MTC gateway device connects to the serving pico cell in the phantom cell through a booster carrier and connects to the macro cell base station through an anchor carrier, and the method further comprises:
reporting an identifier of a serving pico cell in the plurality of pico cells which serves the MTC gateway device through the anchor carrier in a condition that the MTC gateway device operates as the MTC gateway user equipment in the MTC gateway device usage type.