United States General Accounting Office

GAO Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee

on the District of Columbia, Committee

on Government Reform and Oversight,

House of Representatives

October 1998 DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA

Extent to Which

Schools Receive

Available Federal

Education Grants

GAO/HEHS-99-1

GAO United States

General Accounting Office

Washington, D.C. 20548

Health, Education, and

Human Services Division

B-280461 

October 9, 1998

The Honorable Tom Davis

Chairman, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia

Committee on Government Reform and Oversight

House of Representatives

Dear Mr. Chairman:

The federal government provides funds for hundreds of education

programs of which 103 are available for preschool, elementary, and

secondary education (see app. I and app. II). Most of these are

administered by the Department of Education, although 12 other agencies

also offer such programs. The biggest of these programs, outside

Education, are the school nutrition programs administered by the

Department of Agriculture and the Head Start program administered by

the Department of Health and Human Services.

Concern has been voiced in congressional hearings and the press about

how well the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) have taken

advantage of available federal education dollars. To address this concern,

you asked us to answer three questions. (1) What federal education grant

programs are available to the District of Columbia? (2) What is the status

of efforts to fully optimize the ability to apply for or receive federal

education grant programs by the District of Columbia? (3) What is the

process for ensuring timely application for federal education grant

programs and what office is charged with ensuring the success and

efficiency of this process?

To answer your questions, we interviewed officials from the District of

Columbia government, DCPS, and the Department of Education—including

the Office of Inspector General (OIG)—and reviewed supporting

documentation, including the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

(CFDA).1

 We compiled the list of federal education grant programs available

for preschool, elementary, and secondary education through computerized

searches of the CFDA. Representatives of the federal agencies that

administer the programs, DCPS, and the Office of Grants Management and

Development in the District of Columbia government reviewed the list of

1

The CFDA is a governmentwide compendium of federal programs, projects, services, and activities

that provide assistance or benefits to the American public. It contains information on financial and

nonfinancial assistance programs administered by departments and other establishments of the federal

government. Because the funds available to the District of Columbia in fiscal year 1998 came from

federal 1997 and 1998 fiscal year appropriations, we used the 1997 and 1998 CFDA to compile the

program list.

Page 1 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

federal education grant programs for accuracy and completeness. They

indicated which of those programs are available to DCPS. For the purpose

of our review, we defined accessing federal education grant programs as

efforts by any office to apply for funding for District of Columbia schools

and students. We conducted our work between May and July 1998, in

accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.

Results in Brief DCPS is eligible for 72 of the 103 fiscal year 1998 federal education grant

programs available for preschool, elementary, and secondary education. In

fiscal year 1998, the District of Columbia accessed 47 of the 72 federal

programs available to DCPS. DCPS did not apply for the remaining 25

programs because it lacked the resources to pursue these grants,

according to DCPS officials. For example, they said budgetary constraints

precluded applying for grants requiring matching funds, such as Even

Start-Migrant Education. They further stated that DCPS had insufficient

staff to apply for some grants or to implement a grant if received, such as

Bilingual Education-Professional Development.

The grant application process can vary by grant and involves several

offices in DCPS and the District of Columbia government. Grant

applications can originate in several DCPS offices but all go through the

office of the DCPS Chief Executive Officer (CEO) prior to submission to the

agencies. Grant applications for the Department of Education’s TRIO

programs are submitted by the Office of Postsecondary Education,

Research and Assistance of the District of Columbia’s Department of

Human Services.2

 The grant applications for two educational programs

administered by the Department of Justice—Gang-Free Schools and

Communities program and the Juvenile Mentoring Program—are the

responsibility of the Office of Grants Management and Development in the

Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for the District of Columbia

government.

Background Because of DCPS’ location in the nation’s capital, it has a unique

administrative environment. Washington, D.C., is not located in a state, so

that DCPS, unlike other school districts, does not receive the oversight and

assistance that states often provide. Therefore, various administrative

activities required by federal grants—such as oversight and program

implementation management—that are frequently divided between state

2

TRIO programs fund activities to encourage and motivate youths with the potential for postsecondary

education to continue in and graduate from secondary school and to successfully enter and graduate

from college.

Page 2 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

educational agencies (SEA) and local educational agencies (LEA), are

divided among various offices within DCPS and the District of Columbia

government.3

 Furthermore, recent organizational changes in both the city

and its school system—part of attempts to improve the management of

both entities—have changed the administration of the schools. Frequent

reorganizations of both DCPS and the District of Columbia government

continue to shift responsibilities and accountability for grant application

and management within each entity. Finally, DCPS has one set of

responsibilities not normally assigned to a school district or state

education agency: It has responsibility for federal nutrition programs,

including those that are not operated in the public schools, such as the

Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program.

Before 1975, the powers of the government of the District of Columbia

were severely limited and the major municipal officials were appointed by

the president. With the advent of home rule in 1975, the Congress

delegated certain legislative powers to the District of Columbia

government and authorized the election by popular vote of a mayor and

city council.4

 Before 1975, members of the school board had been elected,

and this arrangement was maintained when home rule went into effect.

Under this system, DCPS reported to the mayor through the school board.

In 1995, after years of financial mismanagement and neglect had resulted

in the District of Columbia’s inability to provide effective and efficient

services in a number of areas including education, the Congress passed

legislation establishing the District of Columbia Financial Responsibility

and Management Assistance Authority (“Authority”).5

 The Authority issued

a report entitled “Children in Crisis: A Report on the Failure of D.C. Public

Schools” in which it concluded that the deplorable record of the District of

Columbia’s public schools by every important educational and

management measure had left the system in a state of crisis.

To help address these problems, the Authority ordered a November 1996

restructuring of the DCPS, discharged the Superintendent, redesigned the

position as the Chief Executive Officer/Superintendent, and delegated the

responsibility for managing the District of Columbia’s schools to a newly

3

LEAs are often local school districts and locally controlled, while SEAs are state agencies with

oversight responsibilities for the various LEAs or school districts in a state.

4

The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act (P.L.

93-198) granted the District of Columbia a charter effective Jan. 2, 1975.

5

The District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance Act of 1995 (P.L.

104-8). The Authority is also known as the Control Board.

Page 3 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

installed nine-member Emergency Transitional Education Board of

Trustees. However, on January 6, 1998, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the

District of Columbia Circuit ruled that the delegation of powers was

improper. As a result, the CEO has the responsibility of managing the

schools.

Federal Education Grants The federal government lists 103 programs in the CFDA for preschool,

elementary, and secondary education for fiscal year 1998.6

 These are

operated by twelve federal agencies: the Departments of Education,

Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Health and Human Services, Interior,

Justice, and Labor as well as the Corporation for National and Community

Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science

Foundation, and the United States Information Agency. (See app. I and

app. II for a list of departments and the programs they administer.) In

fiscal year 1997, these agencies administered an estimated $36.6 billion for

preschool, elementary, and secondary programs, with four agencies

accounting for more than 90 percent of the funds: Education (43 percent),

Agriculture (24 percent), Health and Human Services (14 percent), and

Labor (13 percent).

Education funding is distributed to SEAs and LEAs in two forms: formula

grants and project grants. Most education programs involve formula

grants. The bulk of federal funds—such as funds distributed for the

education of the disadvantaged under Title I of the Elementary and

Secondary Education Act—is distributed by formula. Project

grants—grants that SEAs or LEAs can apply for directly from the federal

agency—constitute a much smaller part of the federal education pie.

Project grants are funding, for fixed or known periods, of specific projects

or the delivery of specific services or products without liability for

damages for failure to perform. For example, 99 percent of the nearly

$7.7 billion budgeted for education for the disadvantaged in fiscal year

1997 was formula grants. Similarly, 94 percent of the $4.2 billion budgeted

for special education in fiscal year 1997 was distributed through formula

grants. However, some funds that are distributed by the federal

6

We have defined a program as a funding stream that has a unique number in the CFDA. SEAs and

LEAs may think about subdivisions of these funding streams as separate projects; therefore, they may

consider that they have more “programs” than we have enumerated.

Under the Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996 (which is part of P.L.

104-208), the Authority is authorized to establish an account to receive the proceeds from privatization

of certain government entities to carry out the District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995 (which

provides for the development of plans to repair and improve District of Columbia schools) or to

finance public elementary and secondary school facilities construction and repair within the District of

Columbia.

Page 4 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

government to states by formula are redistributed as project grants by the

states to LEAs or other local entities. Part A, State Grants for Drug and

Violence Prevention Programs, of the funds distributed under the Safe and

Drug Free Schools Act of 1994 is one example.

Most federal education grant dollars for preschool, elementary, and

secondary programs are targeted to at-risk students, including those who

are poor or disabled or who have limited English proficiency. The number

of poor students is determined by the number of children who apply and

qualify for free and reduced-price lunches under the National School

Lunch Program. Because more than 80 percent of the District of

Columbia’s students qualify for free or reduced-price lunches, the District

of Columbia is qualified for most federal education grants.

In addition to federal program grant funds that DCPS receives directly, DCPS

receives federal funds indirectly through the federal contribution to the

District of Columbia budget. The District of Columbia budget and any

funds budgeted for DCPS are subject to congressional approval under the

District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance

Authority Act because of the fiscal role the federal government plays in the

District of Columbia budget. For example, in fiscal year 1997, about 35

percent of the District of Columbia’s revenues—$1.6 billion—came from

the federal government, through either operating grants or the federal

payment.7

The District of Columbia’s

Troubled Grant History

DCPS and the District of Columbia government have a history of failure in

optimizing access to educational grant funds. For example, the National

Science Foundation revoked a $13.3 million grant to DCPS in response to its

fall 1996 finding that DCPS was not capable of properly implementing the

grant program. A 1998 Department of Education OIG report found that DCPS

does not have policies and procedures covering all aspects of grant

management. A self-assessment of grant management in DCPS conducted

by KPMG Peat Marwick for DCPS concluded in a January 1998 report that

program managers do not adequately monitor their programs’ financial

activities.

7

The federal payment compensates the District of Columbia for any unreimbursed services that it may

provide the federal government, as well as revenue losses that may be attributable to the large

percentage of federally owned tax-exempt property in the District of Columbia, the federally imposed

limitations on the height of its buildings, and the federally imposed limitation on its authority to tax the

income of nonresidents.

Page 5 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

DCPS Eligibility for

Federal Preschool

Through Grade 12

Education Programs

According to the Department of Education and other responsible agencies,

DCPS is eligible for 72 of 103 federal education programs targeted to

preschool, elementary, and secondary education. These programs include

those for at-risk students (poor, limited English proficient, migrant, and

disabled), Head Start, school reform, school nutrition, and technology (see

app. I). The 31 other programs are predominantly for selected populations

of students, such as Native Hawaiians, who generally do not reside in the

District of Columbia, or were not openly available for competition in fiscal

year 1998. (See app. II.)

Status of Efforts to

Optimize Federal

Grants

Of the 72 education programs available to the District of Columbia, it

applied for and received funds for 40 grants in fiscal year 1998.8

 The

District of Columbia applied for 7 additional programs but received

rejection notices for 2; award decisions are still pending on the remaining

5 programs. DCPS did not apply for the 25 other available programs because

it lacked the resources to pursue these grants, according to DCPS officials.

For example, these officials said that budgetary constraints precluded

applying for grants requiring matching funds, such as Even Start-Migrant

Education, while, for other programs such as Bilingual

Education-Professional Development, they said DCPS had insufficient staff

to prepare and submit grant applications or to implement a grant if

received. In addition, the director of categorical grants cited the problem

of time constraints that required DCPS to set priorities on grants to apply

for when deadlines caused conflicts.

Responsibility for

Grant Applications

DCPS may access education program grants through applications submitted

by DCPS, the District of Columbia Department of Human Services, the

District of Columbia Office of Grants Management and Development, or

another agency for which DCPS is a subgrantee. The CEO of DCPS signs and

submits all grant applications for which DCPS is the primary grantee. The

DCPS office responsible for administering the grant award prepares the

grant applications for CEO signature and review. Applications for the

Department of Education’s TRIO programs are prepared by the Office of

Postsecondary Education, Research and Assistance and are submitted

through the District of Columbia’s Department of Human Services.

Applications for two other federal education grants—administered by the

Department of Justice—are the responsibility of the Office of Grants

8

In testimony on Aug. 26, 1998 (District of Columbia: Extent to Which Schools Receive Available

Federal Education Grants, GAO/T-HEHS-98-239), we reported that the District of Columbia had

applied for and received funds for 39 grants. In information provided after that hearing, however,

DCPS documented that it received benefits from one additional program.

Page 6 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

Management and Development in the Office of the CFO in the District of

Columbia government.9 DCPS may also access federal education grants by

being a subgrantee or by being part of a consortium.10

Because of ongoing reorganization in DCPS, the responsibilities for the

grant application process changed during this review and will continue to

change, according to DCPS officials. For example, before July 23, 1998,

nutrition grant applications went directly from the Office of Food and

Nutrition Programs to the Department of Agriculture; special education

programs and some adult education programs and vocational education

programs went directly to the CEO from the respective program offices; all

other grant applications went through the Office of Categorical Programs.11

During our review, the state director of food and nutrition programs was

replaced and the new acting director of food and nutrition programs told

us that in the future nutrition grants would be going through her office to

the CEO. See figure 1.

9

This office has also assumed responsibility for identifying all federal grant opportunities for the

District of Columbia by monitoring the CFDA and Federal Register notices, according to the director.

The office forwards appropriate information to the various DCPS officials, tracks due dates for

applications, and sends reminders to the DCPS offices with responsibility for applications. This office

also can identify and facilitate opportunities for DCPS to pursue funds as part of a consortium. This

office has initiated a database to track grant applications, awards, and rejections.

10DCPS receives funds as a subgrantee to the Los Angeles Unified School District for the STAR schools

program (CFDA 84.203) and as a subgrantee to the District of Columbia’s Department of Employment

Services for the Job Training Partnership Act (CFDA 17.250).

11The director of the Office of Food and Nutrition Programs was the designated “state director” of food

and nutrition programs. Department of Agriculture regulations require that funding applications be

signed by the state director.

Page 7 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

Figure 1: Responsibilities for Applying for Federal Education Grants as of July 31, 1998

DCPS

Individual

Schools

DCPS

Office of

Categorical

Programs

DCPS

Food and

Nutrition

Services

Grant

Origination

Points

Intermediate

Review

Responsible

Offices

Grantors

DCPS

Office of

Special

Education

DCPS

Office of

Vocational

and Adult

Education

DCPS

School

Auxiliary and

Support Services

U.S.

Department of

Education

U.S.

Department of

Agriculture

U.S.

Department of

Justice

Other

Federal

Agencies

DCPS/CEO

DC Government

Office of Grants

Management and

Development a

DC Government

Office of

Postsecondary

Education, Research

and Assistance

DC Government

Department of

Human

Services

Page 8 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

aThis office is within the Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) but would submit any grant

applications directly to Justice without needing the signature of the CFO.

Agency Comments We provided a draft copy of this report to the U.S. Department of

Education, District of Columbia Public Schools, and District of Columbia

government for review. Department of Education officials generally

agreed with our findings and provided us with technical comments on the

federal grant programs listed in appendixes I and II. We incorporated

these comments as appropriate.

DCPS and the District of Columbia government gave us joint comments,

including an attachment with specific comments on the report and

additional technical information. Their comments and our detailed

response appear in appendix III. We made changes in response to this

information as appropriate. Their primary concern was that the title of the

report did not reflect that they had submitted applications for more than

half of the grant programs available. Upon receiving additional supporting

information from DCPS, we revised the title of the report. They also took

issue with the way in which we counted available programs, stating that

such a count should include only grants for which DCPS is the lead

applicant. We disagree. From the outset of our work, we made clear that

our objective was to assess the District of Columbia’s overall efforts to

apply for federal education grant resources, not just those for which DCPS

was the lead applicant.

In addition to comments on the draft report, the DCPS CEO commented on

our findings presented at an August 1998 hearing. DCPS stated at the

hearing that it would have received only an additional $5 million if it had

successfully applied for all the federal grants it had not applied for (see

app. I). You asked us to review the basis for this $5 million estimate and

requested that our findings be incorporated into this report. In summary,

we found that the $5 million estimate was at the low end of the potential

range, which goes from about $3.4 million to about $21 million. Our

detailed review of the estimate can be found in appendix IV.

We are sending copies of this report to the Secretary of Education, the

Chief Executive Officer of DCPS, the Chief Financial Officer of the District

of Columbia government, appropriate congressional committees, and

others who are interested. If you wish to discuss this report, please call me

Page 9 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
B-280461 

or Eleanor Johnson, Assistant Director, on (202) 512-7014. Major

contributors included Gene G. Kuehneman and Benjamin F. Jordan, Jr.

Sincerely yours,

Carlotta C. Joyner

Director, Education and Employment Issues

Page 10 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Page 11 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Contents

Letter 1

Appendix I 

Federal Education

Grant Programs

Available to DCPS in

Fiscal Year 1998

14

Appendix II 

Federal Education

Grant Programs Not

Available to DCPS in

Fiscal Year 1998

18

Appendix III 

Comments From the

District of Columbia

20

Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of

Maximum Funds It

Could Have Received

by Applying for All

Other Available

Grants

29

DCPS States That Value of Awards Not Applied for Amounts to

$5 Million

32

DCPS’ Estimate Is at Low End of Potential Range 33

No Precise Estimates Are Possible Using CFDA Award

Information

33

Tables Table I.1: The 72 Federal Education Grant Programs Available to

DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

14

Table II.1: The 31 Federal Education Grant Programs Not

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

18

Table IV.1: The 25 Federal Education Grant Programs Available

to DCPS and Not Applied for in Fiscal Year 1998, Based on the

CFDA, June 1998

30

Page 12 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Contents

Figure Figure 1: Responsibilities for Applying for Federal Education

Grants as of July 31, 1998

8

Abbreviations

CEO Chief Executive Officer

CFDA Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

CFO Chief Financial Officer

DCPS District of Columbia Public Schools

LEA local educational agency

OIG Office of Inspector General

SEA state educational agency

Page 13 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix I 

Federal Education Grant Programs Available

to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

The grant programs in this appendix are ones for which District of

Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) were eligible in fiscal year 1998. We have

defined a federal program as a funding stream that has a unique number in

the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA).12

Counting the “number of programs” can be confusing, because there is no

one definition of a program that is consistently used by federal program

and budget officials or by state educational agencies (SEA) and local

educational agencies (LEA). SEAs and LEAs may define as separate programs

subdivisions of these funding streams, which they view as separate

projects. For example, what we defined as one funding stream (CFDA

84.048)—Vocational Education-Basic Grants to States—is counted as

seven separate programs on the program list maintained by Office of

Categorical Grants.13 Therefore the DCPS count may legitimately differ from

ours because we are using different definitions of “program.”

We assembled table I.1 from lists maintained by the DCPS Office of

Categorical Grants, the Office of Grants Management and Development in

the District of Columbia’s Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and

the Department of Education and from discussions with officials in each

federal agency administering preschool, elementary, and secondary

education funds as well as DCPS and District of Columbia government

officials.

Table I.1: The 72 Federal Education Grant Programs Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Grant typea Application statusb

CFDA

number

Department of Education (N = 52)

Adult Education—State Grant Program Formula R 84.002

Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies Formula R 84.010

Migrant Education—Basic State Grant Program Formula R 84.011

Title I Program for Neglected and Delinquent Children Formula R 84.013

Special Education—Grants to States Formula R 84.027

Impact Aid Formula R 84.041

TRIO—Talent Search Project S/Rc 84.044

(continued)

12We found one other federal funding stream—Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps, financed by the

Department of Defense—that is accessed by District of Columbia schools but not found in CFDA.

These grants are applied for by individual schools, not DCPS. This program is not included in our

analysis.

13VocED Title II Part A, single parents; VocED Title II, Part A, Adult Post Training; VocED Title II Sex

Bias/Stereotyping; VocED Title II Criminal Offenders Program; VocED Title II State Administration;

VocED Title II State Administration Sex Equity; Vocational Education-Basic Grants to States.

Page 14 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix I 

Federal Education Grant Programs

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Grant typea Application statusb

CFDA

number

TRIO—Upward Bound Project NA 84.047

Vocational Education—Basic Grants to States Formula R 84.048

TRIO—Educational Opportunity Centers Project NA 84.066

Higher Education—TRIO Staff Training Program Project NA 84.103

Migrant Education—Coordination Program Project NA 84.144

Immigrant Education Formula R 84.162

Magnet Schools Assistance Project R 84.165

Special Education—Preschool Grants Formula R 84.173

Special Education—Grants for Infants and Families with

Disabilities

Formula R

84.181

Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities—National

Programs

Project NA

84.184

Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities—State Grants Formula R 84.186

Bilingual Education Support Services Project R 84.194

Bilingual Education—Professional Development Project R 84.195

Education for Homeless Children and Youth Formula NA 84.196

STAR Schools Project R 84.203

Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Grant Project NA 84.206

Even Start—State Educational Agencies Formula R 84.213

Even Start—Migrant Education Project NA 84.214

Fund for the Improvement of Education Project R 84.215

Capital Expenses Formula and project R 84.216

Tech-Prep Education Formula and project R 84.243

Minority Teacher Recruitment Project NA 84.262

Goals 2000—State and Local Education Systemic

Improvement

Formula R

84.276

School-to-Work Opportunity Project S/AP 84.278

Eisenhower Professional Development State Grants Formula R 84.281

Charter Schools Project R 84.282

Twenty-first Century Community Learning Centers Project S/R 84.287

Bilingual Education—Program Development and

Implementation Grants

Project S/AP

84.288

Bilingual Education—Comprehensive School Grants Project S/AP 84.290

Bilingual Education—Systemwide Improvement Grants Project R 84.291

Bilingual Education—Research Programs Project NA 84.292

Foreign Language Assistance Project NA 84.293

Innovative Education Program Strategies Formula R 84.298

Technology Innovation Challenge Grants Project S/AP 84.303

Goals 2000: Parental Assistance Program Project NA 84.310

(continued)

Page 15 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix I 

Federal Education Grant Programs

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Grant typea Application statusb

CFDA

number

Even Start—Statewide Family Literacy Program Project S/AP 84.314

Technology Literacy Challenge Fund Grants Formula R 84.318

Eisenhower Regional Mathematics and Science Education Project NA 84.319

Special Education—State Program Improvement Grants for

Children with Disabilities

Project Rd

84.323

Special Education—Research and Innovation to Improve

Services and Results for Children with Disabilities

Project NA

84.324

Special Education—Personnel Preparation to Improve

Services and Results for Children with Disabilities

Project Re

84.325

Special Education—Technical Assistance and Dissemination

to Improve Services and Results for Children with Disabilities

Project NA

84.326

Special Education—Technology and Media Services for

Individuals with Disabilities

Project NA

84.327

Special Education—Studies and Evaluations Project NA 84.329

Advanced Placement Test Fee Payment Program Project NA 84.330

Department of Agriculture (N = 8)

Food Distribution Formula R 10.550

School Breakfast Program Formula R 10.553

National School Lunch Program Formula R 10.555

Special Milk Program for Children Formula R 10.556

Child and Adult Foodcare Program Formula R 10.558

Summer Food Service Formula R 10.559

State Administrative Expenses for Child Nutrition Formula R 10.560

Team Nutrition Grants Project R 10.574

Department of Commerce (N = 1)

Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure

Assistance Program

Project NA

11.552

Department of Justice (N = 2)

Gang-Free Schools and Communities—Community-Based

Gang Intervention

Project NA

16.544

Juvenile Mentoring Program Project NA 16.726

Department of Labor (N = 2)

Employment Services and Job Training (School to Work

Opportunities)

Project NA

17.249

Job Training Partnership Act Formula R 17.250

National Science Foundation (N = 1)

Education and Human Resourcesf Project NA 47.076

Environmental Protection Agency (N = 1)

Environmental Education Grants Project NA 66.951

United States Information Agency (N = 1)

(continued)

Page 16 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix I 

Federal Education Grant Programs

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Grant typea Application statusb

CFDA

number

Teacher Exchange—New Independent States Project NA 82.012

Department of Health and Human Services (N = 3)

Head Start Formula R 93.600

Medicaidg Formula R 93.778

Cooperative Agreements to Support Comprehensive School

Health Programs to Prevent the Spread of HIV and Other

Important Health Problems

Project R

93.938

Corporation for National and Community Service (N = 1)

Learn and Serve America—School and Community Based Project R 94.004

aFormula grants are allocations of money to states or their subdivisions with a distribution formula

prescribed by law or administrative regulation for activities of a continuing nature not confined to

a specific project. Project grant funding for fixed or known periods is for specific projects or

products without liability for damages for failure to perform. Project grants include fellowships,

scholarships, research grants, training grants, traineeships, experimental and demonstration

grants, evaluation grants, planning grants, technical assistance grants, survey grants,

construction grants, and unsolicited contractual agreements.

bR = received; S/AP = submitted, award pending; S/R = submitted, rejected; NA = not applied

for.

cThis application was submitted by the District of Columbia Office of Postsecondary Education,

Research and Assistance.

dDCPS receives funds under this CFDA number that were initially awarded under Secondary

Education and Transitional Services for Youth with Disabilities (CFDA 84.158), which is no longer

authorized because of the Individuals with Disabilities Act Amendments of 1997.

eDCPS receives under this CFDA number funds that were initially awarded under Special

Education-Personnel Development and Parent Training (CFDA 84.029), which is no longer

authorized because of the Individuals with Disabilities Act Amendments of 1997.

f

DCPS was awarded this grant in fiscal year 1995; the National Science Foundation revoked the

grant in fiscal year 1996.

gDCPS officials told us that although it is not an education program, these funds reimburse DCPS

for services for the disabled.

Page 17 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix II 

Federal Education Grant Programs Not

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Although the grant programs in this appendix are listed in the CFDA as

education programs, DCPS was not eligible to apply for them.

Table II.1: The 31 Federal Education

Grant Programs Not Available to DCPS

in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Criteriona CFDA number

Department of Agriculture (N = 2)

Cooperative Extension Service C 10.500

Agricultural Telecommunications Program A 10.501

Department of Commerce (N = 2)

Independent Education and Science Projects B 11.449

Public Telecommunications Facilities D 11.550

Department of Interior (N = 1)

Indian Education Assistance to Schools B 15.130

Department of Justice (N = 2)

Desegregation of Public Education D 16.100

Protection of Voting Rights D 16.104

Department of Education (N = 21)

Civil Rights Training and Advisory Services E 84.004

International—Overseas Seminars Abroad D 84.018

Higher Education Institutional Aid A 84.031

Federal Work-Study Program A 84.033

Federal Perkins Loan Cancellations A 84.037

Impact Aid Facilities Maintenance D 84.040

Indian Education Grants to LEAs B 84.060

Migrant Education High School Equivalency A 84.141

Eisenhower Professional Development—Federal

Activities

E 84.168

Byrd Honors Scholarships A 84.185

Workplace Literacy Partnerships D 84.198

Native Hawaiian Special Education B 84.221

Freely Associated States Education Grant B 84.256

Even Start—Indian Tribes and Tribal Organizations B 84.258

National Early Intervention Scholarship and

Partnership

E 84.272

Telecommunications Demonstration Project D 84.286

Bilingual Education—Program Enhancement Grants E 84.289

Regional Technical Support and Professional

Development

E 84.302

International Education Exchange D 84.304

Even Start Family Literacy in Women’s Prisons D 84.313

State Grants for Incarcerated Youth Offenders D 84.331

(continued)

Page 18 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix II 

Federal Education Grant Programs Not

Available to DCPS in Fiscal Year 1998

Program Criteriona CFDA number

Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation (N = 1)

Christopher Columbus Fellowship Program D 85.100

Department of Health and Human Services (N = 2)

Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training D 93.561

Child Care for Families at Risk of Welfare

Dependency

D 93.574

aKey to criteria for DCPS ineligibility:

A = for institutions of higher education only;

B = for specific populations who do not generally reside in the District of Columbia, such as

Native Hawaiians;

C = agricultural extension program;

D = targeted for applicants other than SEAs or LEAs, such as a public or noncommercial

educational broadcast station;

E = competitive grant not opened for competition for fiscal year 1998.

Page 19 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

Note: GAO comments

supplementing those in the

report text appear at the

end of this appendix.

See comment 1.

Page 20 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

See comment 2.

See comment 1.

See comment 3.

See comment 4.

See comment 5.

See comment 6.

See comment 7.

Page 21 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

See comment 8.

See comment 9.

See comment 10.

See comment 11.

See comment 12.

Page 22 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

Page 23 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

Page 24 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

Page 25 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

The following are GAO’s comments on the District of Columbia’s letter

dated August 13, 1998.

GAO Comments 1. While our report was still in draft, the information provided by the

District of Columbia indicated that it had applied for fewer than half of the

available grants. After receiving a draft of the report for review and

comments, the District of Columbia provided us with additional grant

application and award documentation. We accordingly revised the title of

the report to reflect this additional information.

2. Our count of the number of grant programs differs from that of DCPS.

The 39 awards and 10 applications cited by the District of Columbia in its

comments include multiple awards under the same CFDA number and the

Military Science program (Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps), which

is not listed in the CFDA. As we stated in our report, we defined a program

as a grant program listed in the CFDA with a unique number. Accordingly,

we counted multiple applications, awards, and so on for a program with

the same CFDA number as one program in our report. As for the amount of

the awards, since dollar amounts were outside the scope of this report, we

cannot comment on the information provided. Accordingly, we cannot

comment on the dollar amount of awards received or grant applications

pending approval, nor did we make any changes to the report based on

this information.

3. The District of Columbia states that the dollar amount of the grants

applied for exceeded the amount for which DCPS did not apply. We cannot

comment on whether the dollar amount of the grants applied for exceeded

the dollar amount of the grants that DCPS did not apply for since dollar

amounts were outside the scope of the audit work for this report.

4. From the start of our review, our definition of available or eligible grants

included all grants from which DCPS could receive funds, whether it was

the primary grantee or a subgrantee in collaboration with institutions of

higher education, other District of Columbia departments, nonprofit

organizations, other SEAs, and other LEAs. Accordingly, we considered all

such grants as available to the District of Columbia and DCPS and have

identified these as available in our report.

5. We disagree with DCPS’ interpretation of our scope. At no time did we

establish or suggest that our review would be limited to such awards for

which DCPS could take the lead role in applications. DCPS currently receives

Page 26 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

grants as part of a consortium, as part of a team, and as a subgrantee.

These are listed in appendix I and DCPS’ attachment A.

6. We have no comments on the work that DCPS has done in making

strategic grant decisions. Such activities were outside the scope of our

audit work for this report.

7. We have no comments on the negative effect of inadequate staff

capacity to support the dual functions of the SEA and LEA. The adequacy of

DCPS staff capacity was outside the scope of our audit work for this report.

8. Our count of the number of programs available to DCPS differs from the

numbers included in attachments A, B, and C to its comments. The awards

and applications listed by the District of Columbia include multiple awards

under the same CFDA number and the Military Science program (Junior

Reserve Officers Training Corps), which is not listed in the CFDA. In

conducting our analysis, we defined a program as a grant program listed in

the CFDA with a unique number. Multiple applications, awards, and so on

for a program with the same CFDA number are counted as one program for

our purposes. In addition, there are programs absent from DCPS’ lists, such

as the National School Lunch Program (CFDA 10.555), and programs that it

has applied for and received funding from in the past, such as the

Education and Human Resources program (CFDA 47.076). Several of the

Special Education grants listed in attachment C (CFDA 84.028, 84.029,

84.023, 84.026, and 84.159) are programs that are no longer authorized

because of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of

1997. Of these, DCPS has current awards for Special Education-Personnel

Development and Parent Training CFDA 84.029 (currently received as CFDA

84.325). Attachment C does not list any of the grant programs sponsored

by the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor, the Environmental

Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the United

States Information Agency. Our list of available programs has been

reviewed and approved by officials representing each of the federal

agencies sponsoring these programs. These officials confirmed that all

listed programs were available to DCPS.

9. We agree that the District of Columbia told us that it did not apply for

the programs with CFDA numbers 84.044, 84.047, 84.066, 84.168, 84.206, and

84.302 and that it provided a variety of explanations for not applying for

these grant programs. As to the eligibility for the programs cited, we relied

on the federal agencies sponsoring the programs to confirm for us whether

DCPS is ineligible to receive or apply for program awards. Appendix I and

Page 27 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix III 

Comments From the District of Columbia

appendix II reflect their judgments. Specifically, the programs with CFDA

numbers 84.044, 84.047, 84.066, and 84.206 are available to DCPS and,

therefore, appear in appendix I. The programs with CFDA numbers 84.168

and 84.302 are not available to DCPS and, therefore, appear in appendix II.

10. Similarly, the Department of Education has identified the TRIO grants

(CFDA 84.044, 84.047, and 84.066) as programs for which DCPS is eligible.

11. We agree that several education grants are targeted to specific groups,

such as Native Americans. These programs are indicated as such in

appendix II.

12. We have clarified the text to agree with appendix I, which noted that

the Office of Grants Management and Development had not applied for

these grants.

Page 28 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

On August 26, 1998, we testified before the Subcommittee on the extent to

which DCPS accessed federal grants in 1998.14 At the hearing, DCPS stated

that if it had successfully applied for the grants it had not applied for (see

app. I), it would have received only an additional $5 million. You asked us

to review the basis for the $5 million estimate and requested that we

incorporate our findings into this report.

To that end, we provided DCPS our list of 26 grants not applied for and

asked that it provide supporting information, including the estimated

award amount and the source and assumptions made for each amount

estimated. This list along with DCPS’ estimated award amount and the

source and assumptions made for each amount estimated are presented in

table IV.1.15

In summary, we found that DCPS’ $5 million estimate was at the low end of

the range of potential funds, which is from about $3.4 million to more than

$21 million. Moreover, DCPS was not consistent in the criteria it appeared

to use in making its estimate. Because the chance of successfully securing

any grant award varies by grant, we cannot precisely calculate the amount

DCPS would have received if it had applied for these grants.

14District of Columbia: Extent to Which Schools Receive Available Federal Education Grants

(GAO/T-HEHS-98-239, Aug. 26, 1998).

15In the course of preparing its estimates, DCPS realized that George Washington University had

applied for and received one of the grants on the list and that DCPS is benefiting from this grant. As a

result, we have revised our number of grants applied for from 46 to 47, the number of grants received

from 39 to 40, and the number of grants not applied for from 26 to 25 throughout the report.

Page 29 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

Table IV.1: The 25 Federal Education Grant Programs Available to DCPS and Not Applied for in Fiscal Year 1998, Based on

the CFDA, June 1998

Program Grant typea CFDA number

DCPS’ estimated

award

Assumptions for

DCPS’ estimated

awardb

Award range, average, and

other pertinent informationc

Department of Education (N=18)

TRIO—Upward

Bound

Project 84.047 Not eligibled

($330,000)

Average Range: $197,649 to

$674,594. Average:

$330,363. Mathematics and

science awards range:

$218,400 to $293,541.

Average: $243,741.

TRIO—Educational

Opportunity Centers

Project 84.066 Not eligibled

($350,000)

Average Range: $190,000 to

$761,760. Average: $350,000.

Higher

Education—TRIO

Staff Training

Program

Project 84.103 Not eligibled

($207,000)

Average Range: $90,000 to $260,000.

Average: $207,000.

Migrant Education—

Coordination

Program

Project 84.144 $30,000 Low Range: $30,000 to

$4,500,000. Average not

applicable.

Safe and Drug-Free

Schools and

Communities—

National Programs

Project 84.184 $500,000 Unknown Range and average not

available.

Education for

Homeless Children

and Youth

Formula 84.196 $100,000 Based on formula Average: $475,000. Range

not available.

Javits Gifted and

Talented Students

Education Grant

Project 84.206 $200,000 Unknown Range: $150,000 to

$250,000. Average not

available.

Even Start—Migrant

Education

Project 84.214 $50,000 Unknown Range: $109,500 to

$270,000. Average: $230,000.

Minority Teacher

Recruitment

Project 84.262 Not eligibled

($184,000)

Average Average: $184,000. Range

not available.

Bilingual

Education—

Research Programs

Project 84.292 $60,000 Unknown Range and average not

available.

Foreign Language

Assistance

Project 84.293 $52,000 Average Average: $52,000. Range not

available.

Goals 2000:

Parental Assistance

Program

Project 84.310 $350,000 Average Range: $50,000 to $500,000.

Average: $350,000.

Eisenhower

Regional

Mathematics and

Science Education

Project 84.319 $1,500,000 Anticipated amount Anticipated amount of each

grant: $1,500,000.

(continued)

Page 30 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

Program Grant typea CFDA number

DCPS’ estimated

award

Assumptions for

DCPS’ estimated

awardb

Award range, average, and

other pertinent informationc

Special Education—

Research and

Innovation to

Improve Services

and Results for

Children with

Disabilities

Project 84.324 $150,000 Low Range: $150,000 to

$300,000. Varies by

competition.

Special Education—

Technical

Assistance and

Dissemination to

Improve Services

and Results for

Children with

Disabilities

Project 84.326 $150,000 Unknown Range: $500,000 to

$4,000,000. Varies by

competition.

Special Education—

Technology and

Media Services for

Individuals with

Disabilities

Project 84.327 $150,000 Low Range: $150,000 to

$600,000. Varies by

competition.

Special

Education—Studies

and Evaluations

Project 84.329 $100,000 Low Range: $100,000 to

$1,000,000. Average not

available.

Advanced

Placement Test Fee

Payment Program

Project 84.330 $5,000 Unknown Range: $1,000 to $400,000.

Average not available.

Department of Commerce (N = 1)

Telecommunications

and Information

Infrastructure

Assistance Program

Project 11.552 $200,000 Unknown Range: $55,517 to $ 652,752.

Average: $380,000

Department of Justice (N = 2)

Gang-Free Schools

and Communities—

CommunityBased Gang

Intervention

Project 16.544 $100,000 Unknown Range and average not

available.

Juvenile Mentoring

Program

Project 16.726 $50,000 Unknown Range and average not

available.

Department of Labor (N = 1)

Employment

Services and Job

Training (School to

Work Opportunities)

Project 17.249 $100,000 Low Range: $100,000 to

$1,750,000. Average not

available.

National Science Foundation (N = 1)

Education and

Human Resourcese

Project 47.076 $93,000 Average Range: $7,500 to $4,000,000.

Average: $93,500.

(continued)

Page 31 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

Program Grant typea CFDA number

DCPS’ estimated

award

Assumptions for

DCPS’ estimated

awardb

Award range, average, and

other pertinent informationc

Environmental Protection Agency (N = 1)

Environmental

Education Grants

Project 66.951 $5,000 Unknown Grants are not to exceed

$250,000. Most are $75,000

or less. Twenty-five percent

of funds obligated are for

grants of $5,000 or less.

Average not applicable.

United States Information Agency (N = 1)

Teacher

Exchange—New

Independent States

Project 82.012 Not eligiblef

($15,000)

Unknown Range and average not

applicable.

aFormula grants are allocations of money to states or their subdivisions with a distribution formula

prescribed by law or administrative regulation for activities of a continuing nature not confined to

a specific project. Project grant funding for fixed or known periods is for specific projects or

products without liability for damages for failure to perform. Project grants include fellowships,

scholarships, research grants, training grants, traineeships, experimental and demonstration

grants, evaluation grants, planning grants, technical assistance grants, survey grants,

construction grants, and unsolicited contractual agreements.

bAlthough we asked DCPS to provide us with the source and assumptions that gave rise to its

estimates, it provided us only with the sources. This column is our analysis based on the

information in the far right column.

cCFDA, June 1998.

dDCPS states that it is not eligible for this grant program administered by the Department of

Education. We consider DCPS to be eligible for this program based on the information and

comments provided us by department officials.

eDCPS was awarded this grant in fiscal year 1995; the National Science Foundation revoked the

grant in fiscal year 1996.

f

DCPS states that it is not eligible for this United States Information Agency program. We consider

DCPS to be eligible for this program given information provided by an agency official.

DCPS States That

Value of Awards Not

Applied for Amounts

to $5 Million

DCPS estimated that awards for the 25 grants not applied for in fiscal year

1998 totaled $5,031,000. In all cases, DCPS identified the June 1998 CFDA as

the source for estimated award amounts. However, it did not elaborate on

the assumptions it made to estimate award amounts. For some grants, the

CFDA publishes the lowest and highest grant sizes available as well as the

average grant size. Our analysis shows that 8 DCPS award estimates are the

average award (or anticipated grant amount) reported in the CFDA, 5 award

estimates are the minimum award reported in the CFDA, 2 award estimates

are below the minimum award amount reported in the CFDA, and 1 award

is based on the statutory formula. For the remaining estimates, we could

Page 32 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

not determine the basis for the DCPS estimate. A further implied

assumption in its figures was that only one application was submitted,

even when multiple applications were possible.

DCPS’ Estimate Is at

Low End of Potential

Range

While $5 million is within the range of possible amounts, it is on the low

end of this range. DCPS had to make some assumptions concerning the

amounts applied for and the number of applications submitted to estimate

the amount of grant funds not applied for. DCPS implicitly assumed that it

would apply for only one grant under each CFDA number, even if multiple

awards were possible. For the 16 programs for which minimum and

maximum grant amounts were given in the CFDA, the range of possible

grants not applied for is $3.4 million to $21 million. Since there are 9 more

programs for which the CFDA does not provide such estimates, it would be

reasonable to assume that this range would be adjusted upward if the

other programs could be included. This range could also be adjusted

upward for multiple applications to programs with the same CFDA number.

No Precise Estimates

Are Possible Using

CFDA Award

Information

Although we can point to 25 grants with unique numbers in the CFDA that

the District of Columbia did not apply for, it is impossible to estimate

precisely how much money this represents using the funding amounts

listed in the CFDA. In the absence of any further supporting documentation,

we have no basis upon which to evaluate the assumptions DCPS used to

estimate award amounts. We can, however, take note of the information

on awards available in the CFDA and the limitations inherent in basing

award estimates on this information.

• The funding amounts given are estimates, not necessarily reflections of the

actual amounts that are available.

• The funding information given differs for each program.

• The amount the District of Columbia would apply for under any one grant

is unknown.

• The chance of any particular applicant securing a grant varies enormously.

Funding Amounts

Provided Are Strictly

Estimates

The dollar amounts listed in the CFDA as program obligations for the

current and future fiscal years are strictly estimates. The actual dollar

amounts available for grants vary depending on each program’s budget

and on congressional appropriations or amendments. Some programs

listed as available and funded in the CFDA might have been eliminated by

amendments or have had no funds appropriated. The agency responsible

Page 33 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

for administering a program is the best source for up-to-date information

on the availability and dollar amounts of funds available. However, DCPS

did not cite the agencies as sources for its information.

Funding Information

Varies

Program descriptions in the CFDA often include both a dollar range and an

average of awards. These amounts are based on funds awarded in the past

fiscal year and the current fiscal year to date. Some programs list total

appropriation and number of awards made the previous year. Other

programs give no figure but indicate that it varies by competition.

Size and Number of

Awards Are Unpredictable

Maximum, minimum, or average award amounts are not necessarily

representative of what DCPS could be expected to apply for. In addition,

DCPS could apply for multiple awards under the same CFDA grant number.

Because the amounts applied for can vary widely even within the same

program, it is difficult to speculate on the amount that DCPS would have

applied for and the number of applications DCPS could have submitted. For

example, DCPS submitted two applications to the Fund for the

Improvement of Education for substantially different amounts—$1 million

and $5 million. Moreover, some programs fund a variety of competitive

projects within the same fiscal year. In these cases, DCPS could submit

multiple applications for the same program in response to different

competitions with different awards available. For example, the Teacher

Enhancement program and the Instructional Materials Development

program available through the National Science Foundation’s Education

and Human Resources grant (CFDA 47.076) both fund a variety of projects.

Chance of Securing a

Grant Varies

DCPS operates as both an SEA and an LEA. For grant competitions open to

SEAs, it competes with 55 other state entities. When it competes with other

LEAs, it competes with about 16,000 local entities. Other

competitions—like those for Safe and Drug Free Schools—may involve

even more entities, such as communities and nonprofit organizations. For

many of these grants, few applicants get awards. Only seven fiscal year

1997 awards were made for the Twenty-first Century Community Learning

Centers program (DCPS’ application for fiscal year 1998 was rejected).

However, in other cases, funding is driven by formulas and is virtually

assured. DCPS has declined to apply for the formula-based McKinney Act

Education for Homeless Children and Youth program that would have

provided $100,000 in fiscal year 1998. DCPS also declined to submit a

noncompetitive application for funds from the Advanced Placement Test

Page 34 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
Appendix IV 

DCPS’ Estimate of Maximum Funds It Could

Have Received by Applying for All Other

Available Grants

Fee Payment Program, which would have provided assistance to poor

District of Columbia students taking the advanced placement exams.

(104936) Page 35 GAO/HEHS-99-1 District of Columbia Education Grants
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