|CHAPTER��2�-�TRANSPORTATION�MODES,�ACCOMMODATIONS,�TRANSPORTATION�REQUESTS,�AND�BAGGAGE
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| | CHAPTER� 2 - TRANSPORTATION MODES, ACCOMMODATIONS, TRANSPORTATION REQUESTS, AND BAGGAGE | 
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| | PART A:� CONDITIONS | 
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| | C2000� GENERAL | 
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| | A.� Travel/Transportation Policy.� | 
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| | Travel other than by a usually traveled route must be justified.� An employee may not use contract airline/rail passenger service provided under contract with the General Services Administration (GSA) (see par. C5100-F) for that portion of an indirect route traveled for personal convenience.� Government procured transportation or a contractor-issued Government travel charge card may be used only for that portion of a trip properly chargeable to the Government.� Any additional expense must be paid by the traveler.� All time not justified as official travel must be charged as leave. | 
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| | 1.� Less than premium-class accommodations must be used for passenger transportation, unless an exception in par. C2204 or par. C6552 applies, | 
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| | 2.� travelers may voluntarily use/accept, and the Government may furnish, accommodations which do not meet minimum standards if the employee's or Service needs require use of these accommodations, | 
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| | 3.� travelers may not be reimbursed for travel at personal expense on vessels/aircraft of foreign registry, except as specified in par. C5100-D, and | 
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| | 4.� each dependent is allowed a seat. | 
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| | B.� TDY Travel Involving Non-PDS Location(s).� | 
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| | An employee on TDY orders is entitled to travel/transportation allowance NTE the actual transportation cost for the transportation mode authorized and used up to the constructed transportation cost between the employee's PDS and TDY location.� When TDY travel is to/from a non-PDS location: | 
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| | 1.� the traveler must pay excess travel/transportation costs; and | 
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| | 2.� constructive costs for each leg of the trip must be based on Government contract fares, if available. | 
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| | NOTE:� For TDY travel/transportation allowances when TDY orders are received while the employee is on official leave, see� pars. C4457 and C4564. | 
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| | C2001� TRANSPORTATION MODES | 
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| | A.� General | 
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| | 1.� Transportation Authorized. | 
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| | Transportation may be authorized by railroad, airline, helicopter, ship, bus, streetcar, subway, taxicab, Government vehicle, Government-furnished and contract rental automobile and airplane, privately owned and rented automobile and airplane, and other necessary means of conveyance, or by a combination of any of the modes named.� Travel of an employee is by the most expeditious means of transportation practicable and is commensurate with the nature and purpose of the duties involved.� The official directing travel is responsible for the mode of transportation selected. Civilian employees shall not be required to travel via any particular mode of transportation, commercial or Government, when the travel order contains a specific statement excluding such mode of transportation. | 
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| | 2.� Selecting Method of Transportation To Be Used | 
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| | a.� Contract Air Service. | 
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| | Except as noted herein, the use of discount fares offered by contract air carrier between certain cities (city-pairs) is advantageous to the Government and is mandatory for authorized air travel between those city-pairs.� For exceptions and specific guidelines regarding the use of contract air service, see Title 41 Code of Federal Regulations (Federal Travel Regulation (FTR)), � 301-10.107 and DoD 4500.9-R, Part I, Chapter 103, pars. A2 and E (see par. C2002 for an edited extract from that regulation). | 
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| | b.� Noncontract Air Service. | 
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| | The use of noncontract air service may be authorized only when justified under the conditions noted in subpar. a.� Advance authorization and the specific justification reason for the use of noncontract air service must be shown on the travel order or other form of travel authorization before the actual travel begins unless extenuating circumstances or emergency situations make advance authorization impossible.� In this event the employee shall obtain written approval from the appropriate DoD component official at the earliest possible time after completing the travel.� The approval and justification therefor must be stated on, or attached to, the travel voucher. | 
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| | c.� Rail or Bus Service. | 
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| | Rail or bus service may be used when determined by the DoD component to be advantageous to the Government with cost, energy, and other factors considered and when compatible with the requirements of the official travel.� The use of discount fares offered to the Government by rail or bus carriers between selected cities (city-pairs) is advantageous.� Whenever these discount fares are offered and the accompanying service fulfills mission requirements, they should be used to the maximum extent possible. | 
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| | 3.� Government-Contract Rental or Government-Furnished Automobiles. | 
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| | When it is determined that an automobile is required for official travel, a Government-contract or a Government-furnished automobile is used as follows: | 
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| | a.� Government-Contract Rental Automobile. | 
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| | A Government-contract rental automobile is the first resource for short-term rental of an automobile by an employee on TDY travel.� This applies to employees who travel to their destination by common carrier, such as airplane, train, or bus and would customarily rent a Government-furnished vehicle for local transportation in the destination area.� For travel under this subparagraph, an employee also may use a Government-furnished automobile if a Government-contract rental automobile is unavailable or if use of a Government-furnished automobile is practicable.� Government-furnished automobiles shall continue to be available for use in isolated areas where commercial rental contractors are not available. | 
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| | b.� Government-Furnished Automobile. | 
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| | A Government-furnished automobile is the first resource when an automobile is required for official travel performed locally or within commuting distance of an employee's designated post of duty. If a Government-furnished automobile is unavailable, a Government-contract rental automobile may be used. | 
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| | c.� Cost Consideration. | 
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| | If cost considerations are used in determining whether a Government-contract rental or a Government-furnished automobile should be authorized, the overall cost shall include any administrative costs as well as any costs associated with picking up and returning the automobile. | 
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| | d.� Traveler's Cost Liability When Selected Method not Used. | 
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| | The employee shall use the method of transportation administratively authorized/approved by the DoD component concerned as most advantageous to the Government.� Any additional cost resulting from the use of a method of transportation other than specifically authorized/approved, or required by regulation, e.g., contract air service, is the employee's responsibility. | 
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| | B.� Within CONUS. | 
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| | Determination to use any one of or a combination of the modes of transportation described in subpar. A for travel within CONUS shall be based on the following factors: | 
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| | 1.� urgency and purpose of travel and ability of each mode of transportation to provide necessary service to meet mission requirements; | 
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| | 2.� amount of baggage or working equipment necessary to accompany the traveler; | 
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| | 3.� savings in the travelers' productive time (workdays only); | 
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| | 4.� availability of adequate accommodations; | 
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| | 5.� any special facilities or schedule which shall aid in maintenance of necessary security, when applicable; | 
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| | 6.� savings to the Government in connection with PCS orders and transportation of dependents. | 
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| | C.� OCONUS Travel | 
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| | 1.� Arranging and Determining Transportation Modes. | 
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| | Transportation for OCONUS travel is arranged through the responsible installation transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government (see par. C2207).� Determination of the transportation mode to be used for travel to, and/or from and within, OCONUS areas is made by the responsible transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government in accordance with the guidelines in this Part unless the official directing the travel has specified a particular mode in accordance with this Part.� The transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government must not under any conditions provide transportation via a mode which has been prohibited by the official directing the travel.� Subject to the limitations in subpar. D, travel may be approved by Air Mobility Command (AMC), including charter or individually ticketed commercial service made available by that command; at special tariff rates for DOD traffic; by Military Sealift Command (MSC), when available; or by commercial transportation in accordance with the policies set forth in Part E.� Except for travel between points served by ferries, travel by ocean vessel must not be regarded as advantageous to the Government in the absence of sufficient justification that the advantages accruing from the use of ocean transportation offset the higher costs associated with this transportation mode; i.e., per diem, transportation, and lost worktime. Travel by ocean vessel may be authorized/approved as being advantageous to the Government only through the Secretarial Process.� Reimbursement for use of ocean vessels is subject to the further prerequisites of Part E, concerning use of vessels of U.S. registry. | 
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| | 2.� Employee Elects Commercial Air or Water. | 
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| | When an employee authorized to use available AMC�� or MSC facilities in connection with TDY or permanent duty travel elects to use commercial air or water transportation at personal expense, reimbursement is limited as provided in par. C5100.� Employees are required to arrange transportation which is indirect or interrupted as authorized in par. C2207. | 
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| | D.� Travel By Aircraft | 
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| | 1.� General. | 
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| | Air travel is the normal transportation mode to and/or from areas outside the United States.� Maximum use is to be made of Government air or Government-procured air transportation for travel to, from, and between areas outside the United States (See Appendix A, under "Transportation" for definition of Government air and Government-procured air transportation.).� Except when travel by aircraft is precluded for medical reasons, employees may be required to perform necessary travel by regularly scheduled commercial aircraft.� Par. C5100 prescribes reimbursement for travel when travel by employees or dependents is performed by mode or route other than authorized.� Any limitation on reimbursement for travel by mode or route other than authorized must be specifically stated on the travel order under which dependents travel.� Officials directing travel must adhere strictly to the policy on travel by aircraft contained in this paragraph.� Employees are required to arrange transportation which is indirect or interrupted as authorized in par. C2207. | 
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| | 2.� Use of Government Aircraft. | 
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| | Government aircraft may be used only for official purposes in accordance with 41 CFR 101-37.402. | 
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| | 3.� Overseas Travel. | 
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| | Travel shall be required by Government air or Government-procured air transportation unless medically inadvisable, for: | 
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| | a.� employees performing TDY travel to and from CONUS or between overseas duty points; | 
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| | b.� employees and dependents performing permanent duty travel to, from and between overseas duty stations. | 
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| | 4.� Operations and Maintenance Technicians and Crash Firefighters. | 
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| | Employees whose duties involved the repair, maintenance, or performance of aircraft or airborne equipment and crash firefighters for whom travel by aircraft is necessary in connection with their duties, shall be required to travel for any distance by any type of aircraft that meets mission requirements.� Position descriptions will include such an air travel requirement. | 
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| | 5.� Required as Part of the Conditions of the Employee's Assignment. | 
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