|CHAPTER��2�-�TRANSPORTATION�MODES,�ACCOMMODATIONS,�TRANSPORTATION�REQUESTS,�AND�BAGGAGE
    PART�A:��GENERAL�CONDITIONS
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| | PART A:� GENERAL CONDITIONS | 
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| | C2000� ROUTING | 
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| | Travel performed other than by the usually traveled route must be justified as officially necessary. When, for his/her own convenience, a person travels by an indirect route or interrupts travel by a direct route, the extra expense is borne by the person, with reimbursement based only on such charges was would have been incurred by a usually traveled route.� An employee may not use contract airline/rail passenger service provided under contract with the General Services Administration (GSA) (see parC5100-F)for that portion of travel by an indirect route which is for personal convenience.� When used, GTRs or a Government travel charge card is issued only for that portion of the trip properly chargeable to the Government with any additional personal expense being paid by the employee to the carrier in cash including the Federal Transportation tax.� Any excess travel time not justified as officially necessary is charged to the appropriate type of leave. | 
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| | C2001� MODES OF TRANSPORTATION | 
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| | A.� General | 
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| | 1.� Transportation Authorized. | 
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| | Transportation may be authorized by railroad, airline, helicopter, ship, bus, streetcar, subway, taxicab, Government vehicle, Government-furnished and contract rental automobile and airplane, privately owned and rented automobile and airplane, and other necessary means of conveyance, or by a combination of any of the modes named.� Travel of an employee is by the most expeditious means of transportation practicable and is commensurate with the nature and purpose of the duties involved.� The official directing travel is responsible for the mode of transportation selected. Civilian employees shall not be required to travel via any particular mode of transportation, commercial or Government, when the travel order contains a specific statement excluding such mode of transportation. | 
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| | 2.� Selecting Method of Transportation To Be Used | 
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| | a.� Contract Air Service. | 
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| | Except as noted herein, the use of discount fares offered by contract air carrier� between certain cities (city-pairs) is considered advantageous to the Government and is mandatory for authorized air travel between those city-pairs.� For exceptions and specific guidelines regarding the use of contract air service, see Title 41 Code of Federal Regulations (Federal Travel Regulation (FTR)), Section 301-15.27(b). | 
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| | b.� Noncontract Air Service. | 
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| | The use of noncontract air service may be authorized only when justified under the conditions provided in the Federal Travel Directory issued by the GSA (see subpar. a). Advance authorization and the justification for the use of noncontract air service is shown on the travel order or other form of travel authorization before the actual travel begins unless extenuating circumstances or emergency situations make advance authorization impossible.� In this event, the employee shall obtain written approval from the appropriate DOD component official at the earliest possible time after completing the travel.� The approval and justification therefor is stated on or attached to the travel voucher. | 
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| | c.� Rail or Bus Service. | 
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| | Rail or bus service may be used when determined by the DOD component to be advantageous to the Government with cost, energy, and other factors considered and when compatible with the requirements of the official travel.� The use of discount fares offered to the Government by rail, or bus carriers between selected cities (city-pairs) is considered advantageous. Whenever these discount fares are offered and the accompanying service shall fulfill mission requirements, they should be used to the maximum extent possible. | 
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| | 3.� Government-Contract Rental or Government-Furnished Automobiles. | 
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| | When it is determined that an automobile is required for official travel, a Government-contract or a Government-furnished automobile is used as follows. | 
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| | a.� Government-Contract Rental Automobile. | 
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| | A Government-contract rental automobile is the first resource for short-term rental of an automobile by an employee on TDY travel.� This applies to employees who travel to their destination by common carrier, such as airplane, train, or bus and would customarily rent a Government-furnished vehicle for local transportation in the destination area.� For travel under this subparagraph, an employee also may use a Government-furnished automobile if a Government-contract rental automobile is unavailable or if use of a Government-furnished automobile is practical. Government-furnished automobiles shall continue to be available for use in isolated areas where commercial rental contractors aren't available. | 
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| | b.� Government-Furnished Automobile. | 
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| | A Government-furnished automobile is the first resource when an automobile is required for official travel performed locally or within commuting distance of an employee's designated post of duty. If a Government-furnished automobile is unavailable, a Government-contract rental automobile may be used. | 
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| | c.� Cost Consideration. | 
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| | If cost considerations are used in determining whether a Government- contract rental or a Government-furnished automobile should be authorized, the overall cost shall include any administrative costs as well as any costs associated with picking up and returning the automobile. | 
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| | d.� Traveler's Cost Liability When Selected Method not Used. | 
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| | The employee shall use the method of transportation administratively authorized/approved by the DOD component concerned as most advantageous to the Government.� Any additional cost resulting from use of a method of transportation other than specifically authorized/approved, or required by regulation, e.g., contract air service will be the employee's responsibility. | 
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| | e.� Contract Air Carrier Service. | 
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| | The use of discount fares offered by contract air carriers between certain cities (city-pairs) is considered advantageous to the Government and is mandatory under the provisions of MTMR, AR55-355/NAVSUP 4600.70/MCO P4600.14A/DLAR 4500.3. | 
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| | B.� Within the Continental United States (CONUS). | 
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| | Determination to use any one of or a combination of the modes of transportation described in subpar. A for travel within CONUS shall be based on the following factors: | 
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| | 1.� urgency and purpose of travel and ability of each mode of transportation to provide necessary service to meet mission requirements; | 
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| | 2.� amount of baggage or working equipment necessary to accompany the traveler; | 
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| | 3.� savings in the travelers' productive time (workdays only); | 
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| | 4.� availability of adequate accommodations; | 
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| | 5.� any special facilities or schedule which shall aid in maintenance of necessary security, when applicable; | 
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| | 6.� savings to the Government in connection with permanent change of station (PCS) orders and transportation of dependents. | 
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| | C.� OCONUS Travel | 
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| | 1.� Arranging and Determining Transportation Modes. | 
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| | Transportation for OCONUS travel is arranged through the responsible installation transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government (see par.C2207).� Determination of the transportation mode to be used for travel to, and/or from and within, OCONUS areas is made by the responsible transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government in accordance with the guidelines in this Part unless the official directing the travel has specified a particular mode in accordance with this Part.� The transportation officer or travel agency under contract to the U.S. Government must not under any conditions provide transportation via a mode which has been prohibited by the official directing the travel.� Subject to the limitations in subpar. D, travel may be approved by Air Mobility Command (AMC), including charter or individually ticketed commercial service made available by that command; at special tariff rates for DOD traffic; by Military Sealift Command (MSC), when available; or by commercial transportation in accordance with the policies set forth in Part E.� Except for travel between points served by ferries, travel by ocean vessel must not be regarded as advantageous to the Government in the absence of sufficient justification that the advantages accruing from the use of ocean transportation offset the higher costs associated with this transportation mode; i.e., per diem, transportation, and lost worktime. Travel by ocean vessel may be authorized/approved as being advantageous to the Government only through the Secretarial Process.� Reimbursement for use of ocean vessels is subject to the further prerequisites of Part E, concerning use of vessels of U.S. registry. | 
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| | 2.� Employee Elects Commercial Air or Water. | 
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| | When an employee authorized to use available AMC�� or MSC facilities in connection with TDY or permanent duty travel elects to use commercial air or water transportation at personal expense, reimbursement is limited as provided in par.C5100.� Employees are required to arrange transportation which is indirect or interrupted as authorized in par.C2207. | 
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| | D.� Travel By Aircraft | 
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| | 1.� General. | 
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| | Air travel is the normal transportation mode to and/or from areas outside the United States.� Maximum use is to be made of Government air or Government-procured air transportation for travel to, from, and between areas outside the United States (See Appendix A, under "Transportation" for definition of Government air and Government-procured air transportation.).� Except when travel by aircraft is precluded for medical reasons, employees may be required to perform necessary travel by regularly scheduled commercial aircraft.� Par.C5100prescribes reimbursement for travel when travel by employees or dependents is performed by mode or route other than authorized.� Any limitation on reimbursement for travel by mode or route other than authorized must be specifically stated on the travel order under which dependents travel.� Officials directing travel must adhere strictly to the policy on travel by aircraft contained in this paragraph.� Employees are required to arrange transportation which is indirect or interrupted as authorized in par.C2207. | 
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| | 2.� Use of Government Aircraft. | 
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| | Government aircraft may be used only for official purposes in accordance with 41 CFR 101-37.402. | 
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| | 3.� Overseas Travel. | 
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| | Travel shall be required by Government air or Government-procured air transportation unless medically inadvisable, for: | 
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| | a.� employees performing TDY travel to and from CONUS or between overseas duty points; | 
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| | b.� employees and dependents performing permanent duty travel to, from and between overseas duty stations. | 
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| | 4.� Operations and Maintenance Technicians and Crash Firefighters. | 
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| | Employees whose duties involved the repair, maintenance, or performance of aircraft or airborne equipment and crash firefighters for whom travel by aircraft is necessary in connection with their duties, shall be required to travel for any distance by any type of aircraft that meets mission requirements.� Position descriptions will include such an air travel requirement. | 
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| | 5.� Required as Part of the Conditions of the Employee's Assignment. | 
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| | Travel shall be required by aircraft for any distance when such mode of travel is a part of the conditions of the employee's assignment to a position.� Examples of such assignments are when the duties of the position require employees to be aboard aircraft to make repairs� or to observe the performance of the plane, or when air travel is necessary for the expeditious performance of the duties of the position in different geographical locations.� These employees shall be required to be aboard any type of Government aircraft on scheduled or nonscheduled flights. | 
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| | 6.� Necessary for the Accomplishment of Mission or When Air is Only Mode Available. | 
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| | Travel for any distance shall be required by aircraft with or without the employee's consent when such mode of travel is necessary for the accomplishment of the activity's mission or is the only mode of transportation available.� These employees shall be required to perform travel on commercial aircraft operated on scheduled flights or on transport-type Government aircraft operated on scheduled or semi-scheduled flights. Acceptance by the employee of a travel order authorizing travel by aircraft will constitute agreement to the provisions of the particular travel order. | 
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| | 7.� Evacuation by Air Required for Medical Reasons. | 
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| | Travel by appropriate aircraft shall be required when competent medical authority determines the use of this transportation mode is necessary for medical evacuation of an employee.� For authority to provide transportation by commercial air at Government expense for medical evacuation of an employee assigned at a PDS outside the U.S. and dependents see par. C6600 (for civilian employees assigned to Defense Attach� Offices and DIA Liaison Offices see also DIA Manual 100-1, Vol. 1, Part 4, Section K). | 
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| | 8.� Medical Reasons Precluding Air Travel. | 
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| | Neither civilian employees nor their dependents will be required to travel by air if such mode of transportation is medically inadvisable.� A medically inadvisable condition isn't limited to physical disability.� If a traveler has a bona fide fear or aversion to flying, to the extent that serious psychological or physical reaction would result, this may be a basis for the issuance of a medical certificate precluding travel by aircraft.� Appropriate medical authority at a military installation will be responsible for determining the propriety of issuance of such a medical certificate.� The traveler and the official directing travel will each be furnished a copy of the written medical determination.� When one of the members of a family can't travel by aircraft for medical reasons, the family unit shouldn't be separated unless such separation is acceptable to the family.� | 
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| | PART B:� TRAVEL BY GOVERNMENT CONVEYANCE | 
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