student out of 1,000 will graduate from high school. In addition, the uni-
versity is practically closed to all those who do not master the French or
even the Malagasy language; lectures are given in French.

fart Il: 14-20 Aug 85 pp 6-77

[Text] In our last issue, we published the first part of

an evaluation of the first 10 years of Malagasy socialism.
Since then, serious social unrest (see article page 9) has
brought to light the problems which the Antananarivo author-
ities must tackle in dealing with the discontented among
populations faced with shortages of all kinds and sometimes
even vexations. Not to mention daily intimidation and
harassment.

As for all those who drop out already from elementary school, no professional
training worthy of the name is available to them. Except, however, for pri-
vate parochial schools (essentially catholic) which modestly go on dispensing
technical and agricultural education. This private school system has managed,
not without difficulty, to survive the intrigues of those who want to abolish
it. It recruits about one fourth of the country's school population, es-
pecially in primary schools and in the first secondary cycle. But its

level is very uneven: whereas catholic schools, which form a majority,

count among the best schools of Madagascar, a disorderly proliferation of
private schools has recently been taking place, especially in towns, and
these schools take advantage of the inadequacies of public schools to make
money at the expense of gullible parents.

There would be quite as much to say about public health services, to which
the state devotes 6 percent of its budget (compared with 31 percent of na~
tional education and 33 percent for the armed forces). Medicines, even the
most common or the most needed, such as Nivaquine and antibiotics, are
cruelly lacking. Physicians have come to the point where they write pres-
cription knowing full well that their patients will not find most of the
prescribed medicines. And the shortage affects hospitals to the same degree,
as they consistently lack not only medicines, but also methylated spirits,
plaster and bandages. According to non-official sources, infant mortality
would average from 200 to 400 per thousand, a rate unheard of in living
memory.

Finally, there is no need to dwell on information. For the past 10 years, no
one has known the date of meetings of the Supreme Revolutionary Council or

of the Cabinet; how could anyone still dream of seeing the minutes of these
meetings published? Censorship carried its zeal so far as to prohibit the
press from publishing an excerpt from the Official Gazette. In all fairness,
we should say that the excerpt in question was a new salary scale for the
gendarmes! As a rule, foreign newspapers and magazines are admitted only in
small numbers, or not at all, except for Soviet publications.

The Malagasy press, which is over 100 years hold and had a tradition of

pluralism and independence, has been decimated. The only newspapers left
are forced to publish the official version of domestic and international

56


In fact, exactly 5 years ago Corporal Yainda Massamba performed an act of bravery
in Pweto in the subregion of -Haut-Shaba. He physically eliminated an undis-
ciplined gendarme who had killed his superior, a lieutenant. ~

As for Warrant Officer Luneko and his team of three gendarmes, they fully ac-
complished the mission that had been assigned them. They apprehended the
thieves who had burglarized the big seminary on the night of last 17-18 July in
Lubumbashi. All the stolen objects were recovered. .

The regional governor rewarded them on the spot for these revolutionary actions.
He awarded Corporal Yainda Massamba the sum of 10,000 zaires followed by a de-
coration, a medal for bravery, and encouragement. Senior Warrant Officer

Luneko received the sum of 10,000 zaires from the hands of the regional official,
money that he must share with his team.

The ceremony was concluded with the awarding of gifts to the deserving parties
in Kasapa.

11,466
CSO: 3419/569

120


surge for unity? In a country that is as coveted as ours, that courageously
confronts the many problems and challenges of this world of dominators, the
CST, in its labor union activities, has always encouraged its members to
understand and take responsibility for their rights and duties by actively
supporting the national cause.

3) The CST believes that the statement made by the author of the article,
that "partisan labor union decisions" were being made right now, is frankly
without any basis. Our labor union organization is not aware of ever enter-
ing such a maze. Perhaps the author of the article, writing from a deviation-
ist point of view, intended to create such a climate of "partisan labor union
decision." In that case, all labor union members who are not opportunists
can predict him a resounding failure.

4) As a labor union organization operating under the law, the CST believes
that it has a right, like all other sectors contributing to the country's
development, to make use of public information organs--which by the way are .
operated with the help of workers--to inform the public of what it has achieved
for Chadian workers. And we may also ask why is it that the attacker of the
emerging Chadian labor union movement assumes the right to express his point

of view in an organ that belongs to the Chadian State, although he would deny
that right to labor union members? To the extent that the working masses have
the right to receive explanations from their Labor Union Organization on its
activities, it is legitimate for the CST to use public means of communication.
Therefore, we believe that the statement made by the author of the article,
that we are using the media as "loudspeakers," which would bring about a suc-
cession of conflicts, denigrations, confrontations, etc., is entirely uncalled
for. Our Labor Union Organization challenges its detractors to prove that it
was ever the cause of these evils, which are merely a figment of the author's
imagination.

5) Through its vast training program (which any interested citizen can con~
sult in our archives), the CST has made a commitment to workers and labor
union education. Numerous seminars have been organized both in Chad and
abroad. Tens of young labor union members benefited from them, including--
an irony of fate--Annour Djibrine Abdoulaye whom the CST sent to France for
labor union training! And according to our planning, we send on the average
one delegate abroad every month, for training periods or labor union seminars,
and all those delegates are young workers. Can there be anything more con-
crete than to contribute to the promotion of our country's working youth in
this manner? We do not understand what the author of the article means when
he tries to give us a lesson in labor unionism, when he says that we should
start with the ABC of labor unionism.

Concerning another "vision" of the author of the article, viz. that the num-
ber of our members is declining, the executive bureau of our organization is
ready to supply information, supported by figures, showing that the number of
CST militants keeps increasing. We therefore formally refute the statement
made in the article.

6) Finally, the author of the article is obviously obsessed with one word:
demagoguery. He knows that, as part of its responsible contribution to

22


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JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS+SSA*85+104
28 October 1985

KONGOLO YOUTH CAMP ACTIVITIES DISCUSSED

Governor Duga Visits Kongolo Camp
Lumbumbashi MJUMBE in French 30 Jul 85 pp 1, 8
[Article by Senga Lokavu K.M.]

[Text] Usually referred to as Papa Duga by the youth of Shaba, citizen Duga
Kugbe Toro, regional MPR [People's Movement of the Revolution] president and
regional governor, once again proved himself worthy of the name by making the
trip to Kongolo. As we reported in our recent editions, he offered his personal
moral and material support to the 1,700 scouts from the towns and sub-regions
of Shaba.

Last Saturday, the regional governor officially opened the 1985 work camp in
Kongolo, which was organized by the regional JMPR-Shaba secretariat under the
auspices of the regional authority.

In his opening ceremony speech, the regional executive head began by congratu-
lating the youth of Shaba on the occasion of the JMPR's [Youth of the Popular
Movement of the Revolution] 18th anniversary, which fell on the same day as the
opening of the camp.

After glowingly praising Field Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who created the JMPR
27 July 1967, the regional governor emphasized the political will of the father
of the nation, which resulted in the creation of a frame of reference for young
people which had been lacking. It is this framework, he said, which makes it
possible today to organize, mobilize, raise the consciousness of and direct the
country's youth toward the best possible future and to make them the vanguard
of the revolution.

After acknowledging that the day's event was able to take place as a result of

the peace and national unity established by Zaire's field marshal, the speaker
told his young audience that, through their work in Kongolo, they were subscribing
positively to the themes of the International Youth Year proclaimed by the

United Nations, namely: participation, development and peace.

116


[Answer] Clearly to the right, so far.

[Question] And therefore, the mathematical probability that there would be an
alliance with the MMM is much stronger than an alliance with the parties in
power?

(Answer] No, I would not say that because in politics, there are many elements
that come to the surface at the last minute and that can change everything.

{Question] You were in the Labor Party when dissent was at its peak. Do you
now think that that dissent caused the election defeat of the Labor Party?

[Answer] To a certain extent, I would say that yes, the dissent of Boodhoo,
Beedassy and Gungoosingh contributed to the defeat of the Labor Party.

[Question] At one time, you were yourself associated with the dissenters.

[Answer] Yes, that is true. I was also in favor of changes within the Labor
Party, but I did not want to see the death of the Labor Party. That is why at
one time, we stood at a distance from the dissenters. What Duval just said in
an interview with LE MAURICIEN confirms our apprehensions. Regarding the elec-
tion defeat of the Labor Party, it is good to recall what Jugnauth himself

said in the 1983 election campaign, to the effect that the MMM uttered many
false statements about the Labor Party.

[Question] You were speaker of the Legislative Assembly. Recently, certain
decisions were made concerning parliamentary matters. It is said that under
the Laborite government, there were abuses of parliamentary matters. Do you
agree?

[Answer] No, not at all. One has to understand the role of the institutions
and respect the separation of powers, which is the very basis of democracy.
The speaker is an independent person and he must ensure that the minority
can make its voice heard, meaning that all opinions may be expressed freely.
Deputies must be free to demand explanations from the ministers on matters of
national interest.

[Question] Would the Labor Party be more comfortable in a coalition with the
MMM or the alliance in power?

[Answer] In my opinion, the question of being comfortable does not arise. One
must think of the country's interest and whether one works with X or Y is not
important. One has to ensure the country's progress and see who can deliver
the goods.

11,464
CSO: 3419/562

65



"As for me, I knew that once the commitment was made everything would go well,
with the government's financial contribution, since there is no lack of men of
good will to take care of the organization proper, and they have shown once
again that they can work minor miracles," Mr Ruhee commented.

“As general secretary of the Mauritian Olympic Committee, I wish to thank all
those who contributed to the success of these Games. I am thinking in par-
ticular of the prime minister, Mr Anerood Jugnauth, who did not spare us his
encouragements, and the minister of youth and sports, Mr Michael Glover, who
really did everything possible to ensure the success of the Games," Mr Ruhee
added.

He also said that the Mauritian athletes' performance was also not
disappointing.

"It is only in the swimming competition that we failed, but we should not
forget that until very recently we did not have an Olympic swimming pool. But
in the two leading disciplines, athletics and soccer, we faced the challenge--
and won gold medals. As far as the soccer final is concerned, I wish to pay a
personal tribute to the Reunion team for, although our players had played two
major games before the final, I for one have never seen a better Reunion team
before..." Mr Ruhee concluded.

Fully Satisfied

Dr Maecha, chairman of the Comoro Olympic Committee, is of the opinion that ~
the Games took place in a very pleasant atmosphere. "The organization was
perfect, and I hope that the same will be true of the next Games. We were
very well received in Mauritius and our stay was excellent."

To the question: "Did you find the Mauritian public chauvinistic?," Dr Maecha
answered: "No, we did not notice. It is normal that they should be somewhat
chauvinistic."

Resounding Success

Mr Antonio Gopal, one of the officials of the Seychelles delegation: "The
Games went off very well, and they were a more resounding success than we had
hoped. Mauritian hospitality was fantastic. We felt at home here. Even
though we did not win as many medals as in 1979, I am still pleased with the
performance of the Seychellois athletes. They have improved in recent years,
but so have other countries participating in the Games. What counts is not
just to win medals, but to participate."

Good Atmosphere

Mr Jose Robert Ardon, first vice-chairman of the International Games Committee
and chairman of the Reunion Organization Committee:

"The Second Islands Games took place to the organizers' satisfaction. I like

to say that when an individual or a team are determined to achieve a given
goal, there is no insuperable obstacle."

76


go on to production of the seed for distribution to the farmers.

There is another project involving ecology and the environment. It is
financed by the UNSO and involves soil and water conservation, as well as
agro-pastoralism.

These are some obvious examples of projects--including the small-scale
irrigation project--in which the institute is participating in order to help
“our countries to achieve the two objectives, yet which have not yet obtained
financing. They are being reformulated and will be resubmitted to the donors.

We are also participating in training of technicians and researchers in the
member states, with the objective of strengthening the existing research
institutes. Likewise, we are working to disseminate information to the
states. In regard to general information about the Sahel, the institute
produces publications such as LIAISON-SAHEL for researchers of the region,
TRAVAUX ET DOCUMENTS, a research journal, and specialized bulletins aimed at
those ‘involved in popular education.

Question: We deduce from your statement that INSAH depends mainly on foreign
aid. In a project so vital to the Sahel, can we really talk about
independence of the Sahel countries, and how do you propose to remedy this
situation?

Answer: In fact, the activities of the Sahel Institute are financed as much
by contributions of the member states as by the aid agencies and lenders.

Since the drought began in the Sahel our countries have been faced with very
serious economic problems, and it has not been possible for them to handle all
the projects and programs assigned to the Sahel Institute. That is why we
have been obliged to turn to the international community to help us complete
the agreed programs.

We must admit that development of the Sahel requires a huge amount of money
that our countries are unable to spend at this time. That is why we turn to
outside sources of financing.

I do not say that CILSS is totally independent of foreign aid, but I do say
that it tries to make best possible use of the limited resources placed at its
disposal by the states. I do not view the issue from the perspective of
whether or not we are independent, but rather from that of being a community
and a combination of efforts to overcome a situation.

In the same way that the countries have come together to combat
desertification and food shortage, the international community has brought its
support to the Sahel.

Question: What is the status of the Sahel Institute's financing?
Answer: A difficult question. Because of the seriousness of the drought,
all our countries are faced with serious economic problems, and some of our

donors are also facing their own financial problems, but this year the
situation is not bad in that for the 1985 budget we have received virtually

12


are sent to the ministers are thrown in the trash can? The little man in our
districts is frustrated. The voters no longer know whom to approach. That is
a primary problem. The other problem is the sugar industry. The MSM engaged
in too much demagogy regarding this sector during the 1983 campaign. The MSM
criticized the "gift" of 57 million rupees, then later came to give more. At
any rate, these are only palliative measures that will not solve the problems
in this sector. What is needed is redistribution of Mauritius land so that
the unemployed and small planters can get a share. There is no social justice
in this area. What unemployed person can buy 50 to 100 arpents of land? The
little man should have been able to buy land through the cooperatives.

[Question] How do you explain this "change," as you describe it, on the part
of the MSM?

[Answer] It is the influence of the landed capitalists and their ideas. The
wolf has disguised itself as a lamb. It is the "vested interests" that have
won out.

[Question] Are you alluding to the Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD)?
By the way, were you aware of the Harish Boodhoo-Duval contacts at the time of
the election contest?

[Answer] You know, I joined the PSM on 20 April 1980. I learned later that
there had been support by the PMSD and that it concerned public address
facilities and legal counsel. I learned that much later. If I had known
about it, I would not have joined the PSM. Some would never have joined the
PSM if they had known. It is unfortunate that only now has that become known.

"Protection of the Mountain"

[Question] In your press conference, you said, at the time of the recent
launching of the PSM, that you opposed the policy of "protecting the
mountain."

{Answer] A meritocracy must replace the concept of "protection of the
mountain." I confess that I get wound up in it myself. "Protection of the
mountain," in my opinion, is based on the following three main elements:
1) caste basis, 2) communal basis, and 3) political affiliation basis. This
concept is based on one of these alternatives. We in the PSM say that
meritocracy should come first.

[Question] How can one interpret your silence since the elections, other than
that you are frustrated? .

[Answer] The question does not arise. In the new PSM, all of us have jobs,
we work. We are not committing blackmail. We are frustrated, yes... by the
deviation of the MSM, by its change in language. There is nothing personal in
our demand for more social justice.

[Question] However, you cannot deny that the government has made a
considerable effort in creating jobs.

71



this civic duty incumbent upon every one of us. Every Chadian
must pitch in and help with the tending and above ail the pro-
tection of plant-life against cattle, and wildfires at some pla-
ces in our countryside.

This message must go out via every medium in Chad so as to arouse
our people's sense of urgency. The people must stop destroying
the forest for firewood. The right way to stop this ravaging of
the forests is to popularize use of technical improvements in
cook-stove design so as to stem the excessive consumption of wood.

Establishment of a Farm-Woods-Pasture Code by the interministerial
study and planning office was motivated by the need to put an énd
to such wasteful practices at every level. That code will make

it possible to administer projects involving all components of the
rural environment. Lastly, according to Mr Ngaram, the importance
of the "Green Sahel" operation (National Arbor Week was only one
link in the vast international project of the Inter-State Committee
for Drought Control in the Sahel (ICDS), and so the Chadian govern-
ment must redouble the efforts it has already put forth to provide
the Tourism, Waters, and Forests Ministry with the material (vehi-
cular) and human (training qualified agents) means to master this
natural aggression in the long term.

At the Office of Meteorology, they say that, despite the slight
decline in rainfall during the third 10-day period in July, the
plants have not suffered, thanks to the reserves of groundwater
stored during the first and second 10-day periods in July.

The hydrologists report a slight drop in the flow of the Chari and
Logone Rivers toward the end of the third 10-day period, but that
drop was swiftly rectified in the early days of August.

Thw Water-Service people report that the inner arms of Lake Chad
are beginning to fill, and that is indeed encouraging. They ex-
plained the decline in rainfall recently by the absence of atmo-
spheric warming, a necessary condition for raincloud formation.

As for the Intertropical Front (See AL-WATAN 330) (ITF), it was
dawdling on5 August along the 22nd parallel North over Chad, which
means that it will stay a while over the Aouzou region, and that
the situation will hold favorable for us for a while, at least.

6182
cso: 3419/594

29



IJPRS+SSA*85+104
28 October 1985

In 1984 the regional fishing service performed a count of boats participating
in the 1984 season: 2,039 boats with engines, 40 boats with sail, 2,081 using
fishing nets, 25 using lines, and 67 using rotating seines.

The government is to be praised for maintaining the subsidy of duty-free fuel,
despite the country's situation. It is sold to the fishermen at 160 francs
per liter. However, there has been some loss of this fuel, despite the
vigilance of the fishing service officials. Several cases of fraud have been
detected at stations, among fishermen above Diama, and by some transporters.
Thanks to the customs service, this traffic has been reduced considerably.

In order to minimize the subsidy for fuel, the government plans to reduce the
operation costs of fishing to the strict minimum. Thus, very economical
diesel engines will be made available to fisherman, enabling an 80-percent
saving in fuel.

Generally speaking, fish product development faces great difficulties in the
northern region. The most serious problem has two factors, First, the
fisherman has frequent engine breakdowns, with maintenance made difficult by
severe shortage of spare parts. Also, fishermen are no longer motivated,
because preservation is expensive since the closing of SOFRINORD, and ice
sells at 1,500 francs a cake.

To this must be added the roughness of the sea, which makes steering
difficult. Though aware of the danger they run, the fishermen are still
reluctant to wear life jackets.

Also, to all these problems are added the pirate boats, which have long
profited from the weakness of the service in charge to illegally fish our
waters in the most productive areas. This danger has almost been removed by
the support of the national navy in carrying out an intensified watch over
the territorial waters. We might make early mention of other efforts
paralleling the untiring work of the national navy: an ultra-modern plane able
to precisely identify violating boats at a range of 100 to 250 kilometers.

Measures To Increase Production
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 4 Sep 85 p 8
[Article by Daouda Sow]

[Text] Processing of fishing products, in addition to the supply function,
has a significant role in feeding all elements of the population. The
finished product is consumed especially by the people hard hit by the drought.
The region uses for its daily needs more than half the annual production, or
about 378 tons.

Processing has an important role in that it absorbs the fishing production
surplus and at the same time produces substantial earnings. In view of these
benefits, the State Secretariat for Scientific and Technical Research has
financed a 100-square-meter solar drier for drying fish, also responding to
the hopes of the 500 women handling the fishing product processing. In
addition to this solar drier, with which the women can process a ton of fish

100


GOVERNMENT WORKERS" SALARIES TO BE PAID THROUGH BANKS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 17 Sep 85 p 4

[Text]

csa:

GOVERNMENT emplo-
it from next

Mr I. D, Ewum-Tohma.
the newly-appointed Con-

_ troller and Accountant-

3400/88

General, in an interview in
Accra yesterday, said he
has already directed that
November 1985 salaries of
government employees
should be paid through the
banks.

However, wage earners
would continue to be paid
on the pay vouchers, he

According to Mr Ewum-
Tohma, all government
salaried employees are re-
quested to open personal
accounts with any bank of
their choice through which
their salaries would be
paid.

He said the new meas-
ures followed insecurity of
the physical movement of

“huge sums of money dur-

in days. Mr Ewum-
Tohma expiained that
every salary earner would
have to inform his em-
ployer to indicate the
name and address of his

36

banker on a copy of the
payroll which should reach
him by October 30, this
year.

Any salary earner who

+ does not open an account’

will have himself to blame
when the cash mode of

it is i =
femiene magn No

“In this connection. all
adjustments (especially
deletions and deducations
to be made in salaries of
employees) should be sent
by Vote Controllers/-
Spending Officers directly
to the Controller and
Accountant-General or
the Chief Treasury Officer,

“Central Pay Unit and co-

pied to the head office of
the respective institution,
he said. _
_ Mr Ewum-Tohma said a
circular containing the di-
rective has been sent to all
acting chief directors,
heads of departments,
chief, regional and district
treasury officers, director-
eneral of the Education
jervice and the Auditor-
General.

‘The letter has also been
copied to the PNDC Se-
cretary for Finance and
Economic Planning, he
said —GNA.

GHANA


JPRS+SSA~85-104
28 October 1985

MAURITIUS

RAMESH JEEWOOLALL DISCUSSES LABOR PARTY'S DIRECTION
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 6 Aug 85 p 8

[Interview with Sir Ramesh Jeewoolall, deputy leader, former speaker of the
Legislative Assembly; by Vishwa Mootoocurpen; date and place not given]

[Text] Where is the Labor Party (PT) headed? Sir Ramesh Jeewoolall, deputy
leader and former speaker of the Legislative Assembly, calmly answers the
questions of Vishwa Mootoocurpen, LE MAURICIEN reporter. .

"The Labor Party is a party of the center and hopes that the next prime min-
ister, if there is an alliance with the MMM, will be a Laborite," he told us.
And why would an alliance be possible with the MMM? "Because the MMM is no
longer on the far left, but has come closer to the PT and is now a party of
the center left."

Can the Labor Party conclude an alliance with the government now in power?
Jeewoolall believes that the regime headed by Jugnauth is "squarely on the
right" and that Jugnauth is following a policy set forth by the PMSD [Mauri-
tian Social Democratic Party], but he adds; "Up until now."

On the subject of previous PT/PMSD coalitions, Jeewoolall emphasizes that it
is the Labor Party, the majority party, that always had control and that the
PMSD was kicked out of the government when the PT deemed it fitting.

What now separates the PT today from the current government? Jeewoolall re-
plies: "The government is now undoing the accomplishments of the PT, liberal-
izing prices set by the former Laborite regime and the wages of men in the free
zone, when those same wages had also been set by the PT. There is also South
Africa and the ideological divergencies between the PT of today and Jugnauth's
government. That PT," Jeewoolall said, "still claims to follow socialism
confronted with a government controlled by the PMSD."

Jeewoolall also believes that the Labor Party is a real national party and that

the prime minister of Mauritius should not necessarily be a member of the major-

ity community. Speaking as the former speaker of the Legislative Assembly, he
stresses that the speaker must be absolutely independent and that he must scru-
pulously ensure that the parliamentary minority can make its rights be heard.

Jeewoolall also emphasizes the importance of maintaining the principle of the

separation of powers, the basis of democracy, and says that when he was speaker,

it did not observe that there were abuses of parliamentary questions.

61



press that speaks of the presence of mercenaries in the Comoros, breathes
not a word regarding the presence of the Koreans, the Cubans and who knows
whom else.

The Comorian Government is a democratically elected government...

[Question] An attempted coup d'etat recently dominated the Comorian
press, and this while President Abdallah was abroad. Just what did actu-
ally happen?

[Answer] President Abdallah was outside the country when the Comorian
armed forces uncovered a plot involving the presidential guard. This plot
had ramifications at the higher civil administration levels. These highly
placed officials belonged to a Marxist-Leninist movement. They sought to
bring about an all-out revolution, to bring down all the country's struc-
tures. Fortunately, the Comorian armed forces acted promptly and arrested
the plotters and their accomplices. Some 50 persons were arrested. In-
vestigations followed and the arrested persons will be turned over to the
courts in coming weeks. One news medium has spoken of 600 arrests. That
figure is grossly exaggerated. As I have said to you, there were no more
than 50 arrests.

[Question] The Comoros have signed defense agreements with France. What
are the principal features of these agreements?

[Answer] Actually, we have entrusted France--a country to which history
has bound us--with the defense of the Comoros’ borders.

[Question] What is the state of the Comorian economy?

{Answer] Much has been done, but much remains to be done. At the present
time, we are trying to institute health care infrastructures by means of
which first-aid services can be made available to the Comorians. For
major illnesses, we rely, as you know, at times on Reunion, at times on
France, and at times on Mauritius. But the international crisis that. is
presently affecting all countries is not sparing the Comoros. The small
countries are the ones that suffer the most from this crisis. For exam-
ple, because of the economic crisis, our sales of vanilla and cloves have
been very bad these past 2 years. We hope we can look forward to improved
prices for these products.

[Question] Your relations with Madagascar were tense at one time. What
is their present state?

[Answer] Relations between Madagascar and the Comoro Islands today are
marked by a new and happy renaissance which has been translated by Presi-
dent Abdallah's recent visit to Madagascar on the occasion of the 25th
anniversary of its independence and the 10th anniversary of its Revolu-
tion. These relations have been resumed on a sound footing. Ageements
have been signed. Diplomatic representation will now be required.

32



[Answer] Yes, for us, that is important. The municipal election campaign
goes beyond the regional framework and we do not see how we could fight a
party with which we would later conclude an alliance.

[Question] At the present time, are there more differences separating the
Labor Party from the government than the Labor Party from the MMM?

[Answer] Look at what the present government has done. We introduced price
control, which was lifted. We imposed a minimum wage for men in the free .
zone, which they eliminated. We did everything to prevent the closure of
factories; they do the contrary. Look at their relations with South Africa.
These are only a few examples which are in fact widening the gap between

the Labor Party and the government. That is why we said that this government
is following a rightist policy, the policy of the PMSD. No one should feel
offended; it is a fact. -

[Question] You speak of the PMSD as if the Labor Party had never associated
with that party.

[Answer] When the Labor Party needed the PMSD, it brought it into the govern-
ment and when it felt it no longer needed it, it got rid of it. The differ-
ence is that it was the Labor Party that actually controlled the government
apparatus. It was the ideology of the Labor Party that prevailed. Today, it
is tctally the opposite.

[Question] For you then, during the Laborite reign, the contribution of the
PMSD and of Duval was not important?

[Answer] I did not say that. During the Laborite term, it was the leaders
of this party who made all the decisions, in keeping with party ideology.
It was a policy that fit in with the socialism preached by the party.

[Question] You often speak of this government as being repressive. The IRA
[Industrial Relations Act] and the POA [Public Order Act] that were introduced
by the Laborite government are not then repressive?

[Answer] You have to see the context in which those laws were passed and the
situation that prevailed at the time. You also have to consider what parties
were associated with the government at the time.

[Question] When you speak of a particular situation, you undoubtedly imagine
a situation created by the MMM? Are the MMM at that time and the MMM today
not then the same thing?

[Answer] Definitely not. The MMM no longer preaches that ideology of the far
left. The MMM has made a major shift to the center left and on that point,
joins the Labor Party, The Labor Party is a centrist party.

[Question] Where do you then situate the coalition in power on the political
scene?

64


every 48 hours, a refrigeration unit financed by the Saint-Louis international
plan will be provided to the’ hard-working citizens.

Processing of salt-dried fish is the specialty of the Saint-Louis people, and
95 percent of the product is exported every year. It should be noted that the
local people have begun to use it.

During the 1984 season, the women faced a marketing problem due to lack of a
trade organization. Thus, they were victims of swindling; that is, false
buyers took their products and did not return. This problem was tackled by
the fishing cooperative, which organized a monopoly of the finished product by
setting the prices, and selected weighers, so that everything has returned to
an orderly situation.

It should also be mentioned that the state secretary for sea fishing has
spared no effort to repair, equip and provide electricity for all the
processing shops in the region.

The operation of fishing cooperatives is well organized as a whole. It isa
regional union composed of six cooperatives, of which four [words missing]
Diouf, each time it is necessary to make a tour of the fishing centers to get
the fishermen to settle their debts.

The fishing sector is in full swing and has a promising future. However, we
must not be complacent, because there are several problems at both the small-
scale and industrial levels.

To support production we must produce a sufficient quantity while maintaining
the natural balance. On the basis of more thorough research of our fish
resources, we must assure both replacement of our stocks and protection of our
territorial waters. And finally, help the fishermen obtain adequate means for
their production.

Along with production, we must have the handling structures for processing and
preservation. Also, there must be a distribution network, reaching also the
most remote-places.

9920
CSO: 3419/603

101


NEW MINIMUM PRICE FOR RICE, MAIZE TO BE ANNOUNCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by Lloyd Evans]

[Text]

cso:

3400/88

THE government is to
come out soon with a
new minimum guaran-
teed price for rice and
maize. This will later be
followed with a new
price for cotton too.

‘The guaranteed price,
which is not to be equated
with that of price control is
to enable the farmer to,
break even-with his pro-
duction cost and allow him
to make a nominal profit

margin.

The Under-Secretary for
Agriculture in-charge of.
Crops, Mr im Adam,
disclosed this at an open
field day held at Kpong
Farms at Akuse last Sa-
turday.

‘The aim of the open day
was to demonstrate var-
ious mechanisation practi-
ces on the farm, such as
harvesting, exhibit the ne-
cessary infrastructure re-
quired for integrated
farming operations and
present its innovative met-

is.

Mr Adam stated that
hecause of the problems in
agriculture, there is the
need to give farmers a mi-

42

nimum guaranteed price
for their produce so as to
boost their production ca-
pacity and pointed out
that each Ghanaian is
looking forward to the day
when farmers will have
ready markets for their
produce,

The Under-Secretary
said it is the aim of the
government te de-
emphasise government
monopoly on ail irrigation
projects and that all inv
stors who wish to partici-
pate in irrigation projects
are most welcome, adding,
“irrigation has a big role to
play in agricultural pro-
duction.”

He called on the mana-
gement of Kpong Farms to
whip up the enthusiasm of
local farmers around to
take much interest in rice
cultivation,

The Manager of the
Farms, Mr A. Lakis Papa-
stavrou, who had earlier on
taken his guests round the
80 hectare rice farm, said
among the numerous pro-
blems confronting the
farm are the control of
birds, marketing of the rice
and acquisition of spare
parts.

JPRS=SSA*85+104
28 October 1985

GHANA


cso:

from Sokoto stood at
Z7.9mm against the normal
figure af 61 mm.

‘Overall, performance of
rainfall in thesaregion was very
much betow that of 1984, as
could be seen from these
cumulative figures, Kano
recorded 191.3mm_as against
the 291.9 mm: of 1984.
Sokoto’s figure wes 219.mm
to the 291.9 in 1984,
Maiduguri recorded 177.1mm
to the 1984 figure -of
213.3mm.

‘The raintail in the centrat
areas witnessed almost the
same level with the 1964
figures. The cumulative

aso to the 1986 figure

§86.7mm Zaria had
$57.amen to 704.9mm,
Loxoja 517.1mm_ to
585. 1mm, Minna 470. 1mm to
441.1mm, Jos 542.8mm to
538.4mm and Yola 557.8mm
to 481.3mm.

. on the
performance of the
Tainfail on agricultural
Production this year have
been positive.

3400/85

84

But for the pests noticed in
some parts of the norhem
states the country is
sxpected to have a bumper
harvest. because the rains,
apart from coming very early
this year throughout the
country have heen evanly
‘spread.

‘The raintail recorded in the
frst quarter of this year had
‘encouraging signs, especially
for early agricultural
practices. This was
responsible for the bumper

harvest aiready had in maize
tad eaty yam production.

‘Wide area distribution of
raing in the central states for
example Bauchi and Kwara is
an Omen for good harvest of
yam and groundnuts this

y The below normal rainfall
in the central areas was npt 2
serious sign drought
‘condition, like in the paivious
years. The rains recorded $0
far, in these areas plvs the
Gavibution of airaos normal
amount of sunshine, that is.
jeas cloud cover, summed up
to give fairly good farming
conditions for most crops
‘especially cereals.


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‘ssouTsnqrasy

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(p,3409)

JusudoTaaeq Teany

TeiI0L Y86T €86T 786T TS6T O86T 646T 8L6T LL6t 9L6T SL6T Axzun09
/ AVFAPIOV



MADAGASCAR

10 Years of Nation's Socialism Assessed
(Felix Rabemora; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, various dates)...........

MALI

Relief Organization for Drought Victims Established
(L'ESSOR, 4 Sep 85).

MAURITIUS

Ramesh Jeewoolall Discusses Labor Party's Direction
(Ramesh Jeewoolall Interview; LE MAURICIEN, 6 Aug 85).......

PMSD Secretary General on Party's Evolution
(Mare Hein Interview; LE MAURICIEN, 22 Jul 85)......eeeeeeee

PSM Secretary General on Role of Party
(Jenkeeparsad Nundalalee Interview; LE MAURICIEN,
24 Jul 85) .ccccccccccceccccccnccccccscrecssesccscssccerscees

Many Nations Participate in 2nd Indian Ocean Islands Games
(L'EXPRESS, 2 Sep 85)....

Participant Nations Give Reaction
Closing Ceremonies

Briefs
India Finances Projects

NIGERIA

Babangida Calls on ECOWAS To Stamp Out Terrorism
(DAILY TIMES, 11 Sep 85)....ceceeccccccccccecccccecscesecees

Rainfall Figures Up, Boosting Agricultural Production
(Dapo Ajibola; BUSINESS TIMES, 16 Sep 85)....sssceceessceees

Mixed Views on IMF Agreement Outlined
(Nduka Nwosu; BUSINESS TIMES, 16 Sep 85)......cesecseccesees

Italian Countertrade Agreement Hurts Domestic Ceramics
(BUSINESS TIMES, 16 Sep 85).....ceeeeeccecceccccercceeeeees

New Criminal Division Created for Supreme Court
(NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Sep 85)..

ist Quarter Crude Oil Processing Figures
(NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Sep 85)...cseccescccccccesecessceseccesees

51

60

61

66

70
75
75

78

81

82

83

85

87

88

89


JPRS*SSA~85+104
28 October 1985

OBENG DISCUSSES ROLE OF PNDC, SECRETARIES
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 17 Sep 85 ppl, 5

[Text] Mr P.V. Obeng, chairman of the Committee of Secretaries, has said
that the process of internal self-criticism is a feature in human life
that must be encouraged in the development of the country.

Mr Obeng was commenting in a GBC interview on the recent criticism by
the Chairman of the PNDC, Flt-Lt J.J. Rawlings, that some ministerial
secretaries and other leaders of the revolution had not been performing
their duties as expected of them.

He said those criticisms must be appreciated and understood because "it
took place in the right spirit."

Mr Obeng, who is also a member of the PNDC, said: "A lot of them are doing
their best. But as human beings, there is a lot of room for improvement."

The PNDC member admitted, however, that there are others who should know
that they are not doing well as they could do and of course, should be °
worried about their incapability to work to their own performance level.

Mr Obeng said "but if there are people who are worried, it must be people
who obviously are working more than 13 hours a day; working day and night
to see that things are done and some results are achieved."

He disclosed that the PNDC is the policy body of the country and not the
Committee of Secretaries. .

"By definition," he said, "the Committee of Secretaries is to implement
decisions made by the PNDC that relate to the government machinery."

Mr Obeng told the questioner that "so far as we talk about Secretaries we
should be talking about activities of state that relate to the bureaucracy
of the country; activities in the ministries and activities of some
government departments:

The PNDC member observed that the Committee of Secretaries could be
likened to the Cabinet that used to exist in Ghana and other nations

39



JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

MAURITIUS

PSM SECRETARY GENERAL ‘ON ROLE OF PARTY
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 24 Jul 85 p 5

[Interview with PSM Secretary General Jenkeeparsad Nundalalee by Finlay
Salesse; date, place not specified]

[Text] [Question] The Malagasy Socialist Party (PSM) which you joined in
1980 was dissolved prior to the 1983 elections in order to establish the
Malagasy Socialist Movement (MSM). Now, in company with some old friends, you
are reviving it from the ashes. What is your objective, exactly?

[Answer] A vacuum was created following the 1983 elections. We were allied
in the elections based on a socialist program. Unfortunately, this program
was not respected by the government. There was a complete deviation by the
MSM after the elections. Today, it is big capital that wins through the
regime. Our objective now is to relaunch the PSM with its original
philosophy. Some among us at the time did not want the PSM to dissolve in
order to merge into the MSM. We wanted to keep our identity, color and
emblem. The events since 1983 have proved us right. Some of us, at the time
of the fusion with the MSM called for "mette roche lor le ker." We had a
guarantee at the time, a formal guarantee, that our requests would not be
changed. We had the impression that we would have our say. Also, a
delegation met at the time with the prime minister, who told us that
everything would be the same in the future.

{Question] Yet you waited a long time before recognizing the government's
"deviation," as you call it.

{Answer]. We wanted above all to give the government a chance. We wanted to
give the government a grace period, to let it work in peace during the initial
period.

[Question] What are the areas of your dissatisfaction with your former
friends?

Abuse of Confidence
[Answer] In fact, we have been noting the change in course by the government
for some time. We had meetings and we concluded that this was an abuse of the

electorate's confidence. This was not what people expected. To get back to
your question, I want to be precise. Do you know that recommendations that

70


Islands Games polarized around these symbolic images
directed by choreographer Patrick Athaw on the 26 steps
leading to the basin.where the torch of the Games burned
for 193 hours and a few seconds.

The better to demonstrate that sport will survive after the torch is extin-
guished, the dancers of the Athaw company continued with a sports ballet on
the podium. The musical theme was by Jean Michel Jarre, aided by synthesizers.

It was then 16:04. As Gerard de Nerval would have said, the sun's dusty rays
were blazing straight down.

The flame of the Second Indian Ocean Islands Games was dying progressively,
as the plastic poses on the steps were becoming blurred.

After that, it was time to consecrate this communion of the Indian Ocean is-
lands with a wild "sega." The show, a symphony of colors and gracious move-
ments, had started at 14:00, when the loudspeakers were giving off extracts
from the song entitled "Every time you go away, you take a piece of me..."

No musical piece could have better started the closing ceremony of the islands
friendship festival under the sign of sport.

At times, the show was taking place simultaneously on three levels (central
podium, the quay with Jean Pierre d'Argent, the show organizer's superb boat,
and the callisthenics group) and had been organized down to the last detail.
Neil Diamond's interpretation of the musical theme of that extraordinary film,
"Jonathan Livingstone, Seagull," was the high point of this afternoon that
marked the end of the Indian Ocean Islands Games.

However, to prove that show officials did not forget local color, a Mauritian
touch was contributed by the "ravanes" and hoarse voice of Ti-Frere in one of
his famous composisions, "Roseda."

We should also mention the broadcasting of the famous "Mo passe la riviere
Tanier" [I crossed the Tanier River], that lulled much of the Mauritian popu-
lation before the advent of the "Knight Riders" and other TV "Dallas."

The lullaby was movingly interpreted by a superb flutist who did not leave
the public indifferent, and the public showed its fairness by applauding
indiscriminately all delegations, although some will still speak of Mauritian
chauvinism. These numbers were part of a historical overview of Mauritius's
development, based on a text written by Marcelle Lagesse that was read by a
voice off stage, as is done by great movie makers.

Well, then, yes! One scene brought to mind sequences in the manner of Kuru-
sawa's "Kagemusha"--bearers of flags in Mauritius's various colors rushing
to the podium for the official wind-up of the Second Indian Ocean Islands
Games.

79



365070

JPRS-SSA-85-104
28 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

{ome quarzey marsoman 4

19960226 142

FBIS;| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY

4
| SR TONAL TECHNICAL
|
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| INFORMATION SERVICE )

oa ge eam ae I
Approved for public releaser - '

»._, Distribution Unlimited 1308



JPRS+SSA=85+104
28 October 1985

TOGO

POLITICAL STABILITY USHERS IN 16TH ANNIVERSARY
Lome LA NOUVELLE MARCHE in French 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 4
[Article by Mawuko Akeutey]

[Text] Gathered around their illustrious ‘leader, Gen Gnassingbe Eyadema,
yesterday, all Togolese celebrated the 16th anniversary of the historic
Kpalime appeal. It was an opportunity for them to reaffirm their unswerving
attachment to the man who gave everything, risking his own life, so that Togo
might experience happiness, peace and solidarity, with unity.

Anyone with any idea of the anarchy and division the Togolese people suffered
before the coming of the great unifier that Eyadema is knows what a challenge
it was, a challenge that has now been won. Peace reigns among us and without
any discrimination, we live in peace and are tackling the tasks of socioeco-

nomic development, with open, active and militant brotherhood...

Today, our greatest triumph remains our national unity, the guarantee of
peace, solidarity and above all, political stability, without which no devel-
opment is possible. If our country now enjoys a following that compels
admiration throughout the world, if it is called the "Switzerland of Africa,"
if Lome has become a center of tourism, a hub of international assemblies,

a chosen spot for international forums and business meetings, it is not at
all by chance. Rather, it is the fruit of tireless work performed daily by
all the Togolese rallying around General Eyadema.

The call for national unity, peace and solidarity was therefore heard by all
Togolese. Defining the objectives of this vast movement on that day, Eyadema
spoke to all Togolese: "This rally that I propose today will be a rally of all
men of good will, whether they be new or our followers, who must work for a
total change in thinking for the effective unity and solidarity of all Togo-
lese.

“Togo will be the high place of free and democratic dialogue, ensuring the
real participation of every citizen in the work of political peace and the
basic reorganization of our economy."

The historic summons of Kpalime, whose 16th anniversary we now celebrate, has
borne its fruit. The Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) has opened the doors

105



COMORO ISLANDS

GHANA

Mohamed Chaher on Political, Economic Situation

(Mohamed Chaher Interview; LE MAURICIEN, 27 Aug 85)...

Local Government Ministry Firm on Salary Payments
(Joe Bradford Nyinah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 17 Sep 85)....

Government Workers’ Salaries To Be Paid Through Banks
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 17 Sep 85) ...eesescceeeececcsceeeee

Militiamen To Receive Weapons Training To Curb Smuggling
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 14 Sep 85)....eeeeeececececsescsees

PNDC Deemphasizing Use of Foreign Experts

Obeng Discusses Role of PNDC, Secretaries
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 17 Sep 85)...

Customs To Be Restructured

(GHANAIAN TIMES, 17 Sep 85) ...eeeceecccccccccccceesccesccens

(Stephen Kofi Akordor; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Sep 85)...

New Minimum Price for Rice, Maize To Be Announced
(Lloyd Evans; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Sep BS) wcccccccevee

Rice Farmers To Receive Assistance
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 19 Sep 85)...seeeeeesseececeerseres

Have Water Project Commissioned
(GHANAIAN TIMES, 16 Sep 85)....eeeeeeccceccccecseccssccccees

Delegation Departs for Moscow Friendship So
(Faustina Ashirifie; PEOPLE'S DAILY

ciety Meeting .
GRAPHIC, 18 Sep 85).....

Quainoo Addresses ‘Operation Cutlass’ Participants
(Robert Bentil, Veronica Sagoe; GHANAIAN TIMES, 18 Sep 85)..

‘Operation Cutlass' a Military Readiness Success
(Joe Bradford Nyinah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 18 Sep 85)....

Labadi Sea Defence Works Phase 2 Nearing Completion
(Adbul Aziz; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 18 Sep 85)....--++e+eee

Briefs

Exercise 'Hot Foot'

30

34

36

37

38

42

43

45

46

48

49

50


of happiness and prosperity. After 16 years of existence, the record could
not be more positive and no one can now deny the maturity of our avant-garde
party; it has withstood the test and spectacularly. .Now that the political
vacuum has been filled and in order to successfully undertake the grandiose
task of our development, the RPT has called us together. In it, we have come
to know one another and to fraternize with one another.

Today, the collective will has been mobilized for every manner of development
task. The guardian of our union, the RPT presides over the construction of our
dear nation, the realization of national solidarity. A firm supporter of
democracy, President Eyadema has chosen to govern the country in close coop-
eration with all Togolese. The institutionalization of the Third Republic

is eloquent proof of this.

Since ‘he came to power 19 years ago, President Eyadema has taken up the task

of rebuilding a Togo divided by tribalism and regionalism erected into a system
of government by the old political authorities. Thanks to a vigorous policy

of unity and national reconciliation, distrust rapidly gave way to trust. Thus
it was that the Togolese nation was slowly but surely reborn, a nation whose
institutions would be strengthened year after year.

On the socioeconomic level, it has been a difficult fight. Reorganization of
the government's finances has led to a balanced budget which, once pitifully
small and always showing a deficit, would subsequently enjoy spectacular
growth. For this fiscal year, the budget totals 81,890,014,000 CFA francs, an
increase of 6.64 percent over the 1984 fiscal year, despite inflation, the
deterioration in the terms of trade and above all, the international economic
crisis. .

On the occasion of the 15th anniversary of national liberation, asking us to
continue the liberating fight within the RPT, President Eyadema said: "The
peace, unity and political stability that we have instituted and to which we
are so firmly attached remain the surest factors of our common fulfillment.
They, have generated fruits that now give rise to the admiration, respect and
pride of all Togolese. They also constitute the strength and most solid
rampart against the threat of fratricidal struggles, insecurity, anarchy and
antagonism facing our world."

A necessary and indispensable condition for work and therefore, development,

that peace, so dearly won and so jealously preserved, must be safeguarded, at
any price. With Eyadema and with constant vigilance and foresight.

11,464
CSO: 3419/578

106


JPRS*SSA*85+104
28 October 1985

CHAD

SUCCESS OF REFORESTATION PROJECT REPORTED
Ndjamena AL-WATAN in French 10 Aug 85 pp 1-3
[Article by Laoukoura Sa-Ndoudjinang]

[Text] National Arbor Week generated a demonstrably
high level of enthusiasm: 24,000 trees were planted

in less than one week. By planting a tree on 3 Au-
gust 1985 at Lamadji, some 10 kilometers from N'Djamena
in a ceremony fraught with symbolism, President El-Hadj
Hissein Habre fired the opening gun in the war against
the natural enemy that goes by the name of desertifica-
tion. More than 3,000 people responded whole-heartedly
on this first day of our National Arbor Week, over
which the president personally presided.

To mark the occasion, the Minister for Tourism, Waters, and Forests,
Comrade Ali Djalbord Diard delivered an address. The minister
launched at once into remarks that underscored the importance, the
goal, and the hope of the ceremony: "To awaken our fellow-citizens
to the threat of this phenomenon of desertification that has hung
menacingly over our country for a decade. This national duty is
dictated by findings of dead standing trees, by an absence of na-
tural regeneration of growth in vegetation resulting from wide-_
spread and very seriously deficient rainfall." This situation,
unfortunately, encourages the persistence of drought and hastens
the encroachment of the desert.

Another scourge, this one human in its origin, is deforestation.
More than 40,000 hectares of forests have been destroyed. That
means that every man and woman in Chad will be called upon to
make special efforts to protect their forests, because the pace of
deforestation is running far ahead of our puny efforts at refores-
tation.

In this particular area, integrated rural development projects are
one strategic factor in the struggle against desertification.

To this end, an Interministerial Studyand Planning Office, in-
volving the Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Livestock and Rural Water, and Tourism, Waters, and Forests has
been formed to enable us to reach this goal. .

27



expense of a mass euicide.
Aina observes that

‘Aina believes. thet in the
final analysis, itis not the IMF

cso: 3400/85

Joan but the restructuring of
the economy along

86

to augment for your present
income will never be
balanced because the same

An IMF loan Adewunmi
notes that asilows external
forces to tighten our:
economy portrays Nigeria as
a country that is
. ‘

UGHAMADU ssid that the
country should take the loan
adding ‘We should negotiate
the terms in such @ way that
it, would assist the. growth
and development of the
country.”


JPRS*SSA*85=104
28 October 1985

MAURITIUS —

BRIEFS

INDIA FINANCES PROJECTS--India agreed to finance 23 Mauritian projects at a
cost of 25 million Indian rupees (about 31 million Mauritian rupees). An
agreement to that effect was signed Friday in New Delhi, at the close of the
meeting of the third joint Indian-Mauritian commission, by an Indian delega-
tion headed by the Indian state minister of development, Mr Kurshed Alam Khan,
and the delegation headed by the Mauritian minister of plan and development,
Dr B. Ghurburrun. The sectors that will benefit from this Indian aid are agri-
culture, small and mid-size businesses, tourism and biogas. The Mauritian
delegation is expected to return in the next few days. The second mixed
Indian-Mauritian commission met in Mauritius last year. Mr Narasimha Rao,
minister of foreign affairs, was heading the Indian delegation. [Text] [Port
Louis L'EXPRESS in French 2 Sep 85 pp 1, 5] 9294

CSO: 3419/588

81



JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

REGIONAL CONFERENCE FOR SECURITY, DEVELOPMENT, MEETS IN LOME
Lome LA NOUVELLE MARCHE in French 17 Aug 85 pp 1, 4

[Text] Having opened last Tuesday at the February Second Hotel, the Regional
Conference on Security, Disarmament and Development in Africa completed its
work late yesterday morning.

For 4 days more than one hundred delegates representing African countries as
well as international organizations devoted themselves to finding various ways
and means of assuring peace and security--essential condition for the real
development of our continent.

In addition to a draft declaration on security and development in Africa, the
delegates also brought to the floor consideration of an action program for
peace, security and cooperation in Africa.

The conference ended with the reading of a declaration of thanks to the
President and Founder of the RPT [Rally of the Togolese People] General
Gnassingbe Eyadema, and to the government and people of Togo for the warm and
authentically African welcome which the participants received during their
stay.

During the closing ceremony marked by the presence of several members of the
government and a member of the Political Bureau, Minister of Mines, Post and
Telecommunications Barry Moussa Barque in turn paid homage to the delegates
for their sustained efforts which resulted in the consideration and adoption
of the Lome Plan. According to Barry Moussa Barque, this plan (of which the
results will be presented in future editions) represents the expression of
the willingness of African countries to participate in the creation of peace.

He also recalled that the opportunities presented by the theme of the
conference and the ideas contributed are testimony to the willingness of the
participants to contribute to the search for solutions to the great problems
of our times. These thoughts were reflected in the words of His Excellency
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Secretary-General of the United Nation: "disarmament
should not to be considered as a problem which solely affects the countries
which own nuclear weapons and the industrialized countries. It affects the
entire international community."



JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

MADAGASCAR

10 YEARS OF NATION'S SOCIALISM ASSESSED
Paris AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 7-13 Aug, 14-20 Aug
[Part I: 7-13 Aug 85 pp 6-87

{Article by Felix Rabemora, as published in ETUDES, Vol 362 No 5, (3625)
May 1985: "Madagascar: 10 Years of Socialism"]

[Text] A deep silence has fallen over Madagascar

which used to be called "the happy island." The world
is hardly ever reminded of the existence of this dis-
tant island in the southwest Indian Ocean by the occa-
sional news of riots (the all too famous "rotaka") or
massacres (like that of last December, during which over
50 were killed in the heart of the capital). Madagascar
has lost the fame and esteem it used to enjoy in inter-
national and especially French public opinion, and which
were the envy of many African states.

Ten years ago, after convulsions disconcerting to the foreign observer,
this country engaged in a socialist experiment that was received with en-
thusiasm at home and followed with interest from abroad. Since then,
fastidious censorship has progressively stifled all information on the
"great island." In Europe, the hungerstrike of a few Moroccan prisoners
is in the headlines; but the massacre of some 30 students or 70 peasants
in recent years in Madagascar was hardly mentioned. It is true that the
Malagasy regime claims to be "progressist."

What, then, has been going on over there since 1975, and how did it come to
the present situation which all agree is a disaster? The course followed,

as well as its outcome, deserve a short review: in many respects, that course
is typical of the misadventures suffered by many African states.

Contrary to most former French colonies, Madagascar had not only a homo-
geneous and deeply rooted culture, but also a national history. Already

in the late 18th century, the largest ethnic group, the Merina, had given
itself a monarchy whose avowed purpose was the political unification of the
island. Taking skilfully advantage of British and French ambitions, the
sovereigns extended their influence over most of the territory during the
19th century. But French occupation and the annexation law of 1896 prevented

51



JPRS+SSA=85*104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA

NEW APPROACH TO COUNTER TRADE BUSINESS CALLED FOR
Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 15 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] The chairman and managing director of OAC, Nigeria Ltd, Chief
E.A.0. Shonekan, has advocated the adoption of "company to company"
counter-trade deals rather than the "country to country" approach hitherto
adopted by Nigeria.

In a lecture on counter-trade at the Calabar Lions Club Guest Speaker's
Nite last week, Chief Shonekan said that such "company to company" would
ensure better value for money and provide access to raw materials from
the most appropriate countries.

"I government feels that it must engage in "country to country" counter-
trading then Nigeria should not use "middlemen" in her counter-trade
arrangements since this is both restrictive and expensive, he said.

He said that should the country be involved in counter-trading, then it
should be one deal at a time at moderate financial levels, so that its
failure would not unduly damage the economy, noting that even with
experienced participants, only about ten percent of the deals were
successful.

Chief Shonekan said that in spite of many arguments against counter-trade,
it had come to stay because "whether you are a country or company, if you
do not counter-trade and your competitors do, then you will be at a
competitive disadvantage and lose business."

He said that the country should not use counter-trade to finance the
import of food stuff or consumer products but for establishing long-

term contracts for supply of essential raw materials, components,
spare parts, plant and machinery to help develop the economy.

cso: 3400/82

93



[Answer] That is propaganda. Some say that 15,000 jobs have been created,
others 18,000. One must be objective and honest. We must not be negative.
It is in the free zone and the textile field that jobs have been created, and,
as everyone knows, textiles do not have a promising future. All this is
limited. And it will certainly not solve the unemployment problem.

{Question] I asked you a question at the beginning about the PMSD's influence
on the government.

{answer] Everyone knows that the PMSD has very strong influence in the
government. The MSM has a majority in the cabinet and it is the PMSD that is
stronger. That is absurd. History repeats itself. Prime Minister Aneerood
Jugnauth is weak within the government. Hence the atmosphere of insecurity
and fear,

The Break: "Blame Is Shared"

[Question] At the time, were you aware of the reasons for the Mauritian
Militant Movement-PSM break? Were you very close to Harish Boodhoo at that
time?

[Answer] Yes, I was very close to Harish Boodhoo, but we were not aware of
what was happening. I believe that the blame is shared. Nevertheless, after
another victory some people committed the same mistakes.

[Question] To what are you referring?

[answer] To certain initiatives at the level of intercommunity relations, the
practice of caste preference, and protection of families.

[Question] What does the new PSM have to say about the 1985-1986 budget?

[Answer] There are some small socializing measures, but it is not a socialist
budget. The budget is PMSD-inspired and the rightist orientation is very
evident.

[Question] What is the philosophy of the new PSM?

{Answer] Our philosophy is socialist in inspiration. We want to raise the
standard of living of the little man. We are against freeing of prices. We
want a complete reform in the educational field. We want each Mauritian to
regain his dignity. Grants must be given to the most deprived. Bringing in
3,000 pairs of glasses from China is not going to solve our problems. That
big friendly country should have been asked to finance projects, to provide
training for Mauritians.

[Question] What is going to be your stand for the municipal elections?
[Answer] We expect to play an important role in those elections. We will be
announcing our positions in the near future. We will very soon begin a series

of sessions and public meetings. It is totally abnormal for the Local
Government Service Commission to have so many powers. Recruiting,

72


[Question] What is the outlook for the Comorian tourist industry?

[Answer] The Comoros have a high touristic potential. We must still
install infrastructures. We must also proceed to the unlocking of the
Comoros. But these things must be done slowly. We are very jealous of
our identity. We must work towards a tourism that will safeguard our

cultural identity.

9238
CSO: 3419/607

33



JPRS*SSA+85+104
28 October 1985

~ GHANA

HAVE WATER PROJECT COMMISSIONED

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 16 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] Mr Frederick Livingstone, the Canadian High Commissioner in
Accra, at the weekend commissioned a ¢715.2 million (17 million Canadian
dollars) water project at Have in the Volta Region.

The amount was provided by the Canadian Government while the people of
Have contributed ¢500,000 and offered communal labour.

In an address, the High Commissioner observed that Ghana's economy had
improved considerably since the advent of the December 31 Revolution.

Mr Livingstone who leaves the country in two weeks at the end of a three-
year duty tour, recalled the sufferings Ghanaians went through in 1983
and noted that "the economy has improved for both the country and
individuals."

He commended the people of Have for rehabilitating the water project and
said it was a sign of the spirit of self-help.

The High Commissioner said that Canada will continue to assist Ghana
to develop, thus strengthening the relations between them.--GNA

CsO: 3400/89

45



JPRS*SSA+85=104
28 October 1985

ZAIRE

1982-83 FARM FIGURES FOR LUALABA GIVEN
Lubumbashi MJUMBE in French 2 Aug 85 p 3

[Article by Mufindu Makaya: 52,429 Farmers Recorded During the 1982-1983
Season" ]

[Text] The rural subregion of Lualaba recorded 52,429 farmers during the 1982-
1983 farm season. Contrary to the 1978-1979 season, the subregion of Lualaba,

which had only 37,563 farmers, has undergone a considerable increase amounting

to 14,866 farmers.

Before the 80-day war the farm population was estimated at 46,764 farmers. The
1982-1983 census confirmed the fact that the economic operators of Shaba and
elsewhere benefiteal during the 1982-1983 farm season from the services of 52,429
farmers distributed as follows: 23,647 in the Dilolo area, 11,973 in the
Kapanga area and, lastly, 14,809 in the Sandoa area.

The mission of the agronomists and agricultural monitors who are found in all
areas of the subregion is to respect the agricultural calendar. It is set up as
follows: from 15 April to 15 May the setting aside of seed among the farmers,
from 15 May to 31 July the determination of land set aside for cultivation by the
agricultural monitors, from early August to 15 September clearing of the land,
from 15 September to 15 December plowing and planting.

From 15 September to 15 November corn, beans and peanuts can be easily planted.
From 15 December to 15 January rice, cotton and beans are cultivated.

The land areas that are allotted are the following: corn, 60 ares per farmer;
cassava, 50 ares per farmer; peanuts, 20 ares per farmer; rice, 20 ares per
farmer; beans, 20 ares per farmer; cotton, 60 ares per farmer.

But, considering the demand and the importance of the crops, some farmers
easily have from 2 to 4 hectares of corn, cassava, or even of peanuts and rice
under cultivation.

Mutonkole Kiyabo-Yabo; Kolwezi: Speculation at Its Height Due to Scarcity of Beer

Raw materials for the production of beer have become scarce. The scarcity of
beer at the Simba Brewery in Kolwezi has recently increased speculation

114


ssae35*104
JPRS*SSA*S5
28 October 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

EXERCISE 'HOT FOOT'--As part of this year's Armed Forces end-of-year
sporting activities, there will be a two-day jungle~endurance exercise
code-named "Exercise Hot Foot" at Achiase in the Eastern Region. The
exercise begins tomorrow and ends on Friday. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S
DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Sep 85 p 9]

cso: 3400/90

50


DELEGATION DEPARTS FOR MOSCOW FRIENDSHIP SOCIETY MEETING

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Sep 85 p 9

[Article by Faustina Ashirifie]

[Text]

cso:

3400/91

A TWO-MAN delegation
led by Mr F. A. Jantuah,
Secretary for Local Go-
vernment, yesterday
left for Moscow, USSR,
te participate in the

meet-
ing of the Union of So-
viet Societies for
Friendship and Cultural
Relations with Foreign
Countries.

be attended by foreign wu
legates of Soviet Friends-
hip Societies, would be
‘on September 26, 1985
under the theme, “Move-
ment For Peace and
Friendship Amongst Peo.
gainst the Danger of
juclear War and Militan-
sation of Outer Space”.

Mr Jantuah, whe was
the first Bresident of the
Ghana-USSR Friendship
Society, is to deliver a
speech at the meeting. _

46

‘The leader of the dele-
gation told newsmen befo-
re departure that in Africa,
Ghana, since independen-
ce, has been in the fore-
front in the fight against
nuclear armament and ge-
neral militarisation of out-
e space in view of the
dangers they pose to man-

He, therefore, described
Ghana’s participation in
the celebration as being in
line with the consistent

licy of the country and
Roped that it would en-
hance the already cordial
relations between the two
countries.

The other member of the
delegation is Mr C. K. Ayi-
member of the
ana-USSR Friendship
Society. They will be away
for two weeks.

The delegacion was seen
off by Mr V. Mi. Semenov,
USSR Ambassador in
Ghana.

JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

GHANA


JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

~~ MAURITIUS

MANY NATIONS PARTICIPATE IN 2ND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS GAMES
Participant Nations Give Reaction
Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 2 Sep 85 p 5

(Article: "What They Think of the 2nd Indian Ocean Islands Games; Sir Maurice
Rault Stated He Was Pleased With Mauritian Athletes' Performance"]

{Text] When L'EXPRESS asked him yesterday what were his impressions of the
Second Indian Ocean Islands Games, Sir Maurice Rault, chairman of the Games
Organization Committee (COJ) stated that he was delighted on the whole with
the event.

"I think I can state that all commissions did a remarkable job," Sir Maurice
said. "The only problem was the unavailability of Yves Fanchette, whom we
missed a lot during the whole week of the Games..."

The COJ chairman also said that he was fully satisfied with the performance
of Mauritian athletes in all disciplines, and especially in athletics, bad-
minton and tennis, where they really distinguished themselves.

"Some feats did not draw many comments--for instance the second set between
Madagascar and Mauritius in male volley ball, during which a remarkable thing
happened, as the umpire pointed out to me: there had been so many exchanges
that the game-sheet was full!" .

Sir Maurice Rault also added: "I am very pleased that Mauritius won the sail-
ing competition, for we forget too often that we live on an island." -

"Finally, I want to congratulate the police, the press and the public for
their contribution to the Games... The police, who worked long hours and kept
smiling; the press who superbly mobilized and motivated the public; and final-
ly the public itself, who fully showed the Mauritian kindness and sense of
fair play," Sir Maurice Rault concluded.

Mr Ram Ruhee, general secretary of the Mauritian Olympic Committee, is of

the opinion that, since a commitment had been made to organize the Second
Islands Games, a challenge had to be met, and that it was met brilliantly.

75


MIXED VIEWS ON IMF AGREEMENT OUTLINED

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 16 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by Nduka Nwosu]

[Text]

MIXED grill cuts
across the current
IMF loan debate as
opponents outweigh.

numerically their
proponents who say the
foan is the only way out of
the current economic

depression.
The most popular

reason bandied by the

|

Ht,
Hi
ai

z
:
is

Hate
iE
Hi

i
iy
i

if
I
i

Professor Nwankwo
advises that despite popuier
opinion from the West
regarding the need for an IMF
loan, Nigeria must resist ail
attempts at accepting some-
thing that may not be in her

85

JPRS+SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

best interest but he adds,
since every government want
to survive, the present
military regime must sssess
its ability to survive the con-
sPquences of accepting ine
joan,

Nwankwo says
implementation is
the basic problem
because it

shoddily
tionality collapses the
package mix not the IMF.
Professor Nwankwo will on
‘8 last note want the govern-
ment to spell out the current
IMF conditionality package
mix in particular on devd-
juation before calling for a
debate.

While Victor Ogundipe,
Assistant ,General Manager
corporate promotion of the
First Bank, argues that since
Nigeria is pert of an inter-
dependent economic system

NIGERIA


“except that whilst the cabinet usually has the final right and decision,
the Committee of Secretaries only makes policy recommendations for
consideration by the PNDC" adding that "it is sometimes on take it or

leave it basis."

He disclosed that most of the time, the PNDC deliberates with the appro-
priate members of the committee whose sector comes under focus with the
view to finding appropriate line of policy to develop for that particular
sector saying "sometimes also complete memoranda completely discussed by
the Committee of Secretaries are laid before the PNDC for their considera-

tion."

Mr Obeng noted that in the final analysis, if a recommendation finds
favour with the PNDC, "a go-ahead indicator is given and that policy is

implemented."

Hé hitited that the Committee of Secretaries performs two main functions
that go across sectoral lines and sometimes also meets to discuss policy
questions which are proposed by a particular Secretary.

"In other words, we assist with a collective backing and the benefit of
our collective knowledge and experience to the Secretary who puts such
memorandum before us."

Asked as to whether the Committee of Secretaries does implement decisions,
Mr Obeng said, "when a recommendation is approved by the PNDC, the Commit-
tee of Secretaries implements it if it is a policy-decision which cuts
across sectors, then as a collective effort we all find ways of putting

in our bit to ensure the total implementation of the package."

But, he said, if it is one of those decisions that all of us get together
to consider for and on behalf of one sector, then when approval is given,
we leave the sector to implement it.

He replied to another question that he was not happy with the progress of

the implementation of all the decisions which the PNDC had given to the
Committee of Secretaries to implement. +

cso: 3400/87

40


[Answer] It is a problem of trust between the economic operators and the
bankers. For the latter grant credits only to those who pay back in the
agreed time period. That is‘all.

[Question] How do you foresee Tanganyika's future?

{Answer] I am an optimist. I hope that everything will work out for the
best: agricultural production will increase, {as for] the managerial staff
at all levels, everyone will do his best in his field of activity.
{Question] Your message?

[Answer] What I can ask of all my colleagues is that everyone should make

his contribution to the building up of our subregion, as the president/founder
continues to repeat in the "Moto na moto abongisa."

9434
CSO: 3419/568

110


JPRS+SSA*85=104
28 October 1985

ZAIRE
13TH ANNIVERSARY OF GENDARMERIE MARKED
Lubumbashi MJUMBE in French 2 Aug 85 pp 1, 8
(Editorial by Magaribi Luzinga: "2,000 Zaires for Two Deserving Gendarmes"]

[Text] A big ceremonial parade was marked last Wednesday at Camp Vangu by the
presentation to the public of a new military uniform for National Gendarmerie
units in connection with the celebration of the 13th anniversary of its ex-
istence.

The regional chairman of the MPR[expansion not given] and governor of the region,
Citizen Duga Kugbe Toro, enhanced the ceremony with his presence. The presence
of two members of the Central Committee, Citizens Mulongo Misha Kabange and
Mbundji Mulol, several people's commissars present in Lubumbashi and three sec-—
retaries of specialized branches of the party was also noted there. The acting
urban commissar of Lubumbashi, Citizen Lufunisabo Budoki, was also present.

Taking advantage of the occasion, the commander of the Eighth Military District,
Col Tshikudi Bakajika, set the tone of the ceremony. On’ that occasion he

alluced to Executive Order No 82/31, at the end of which the president and founder
put an end to the National Police to create the National Gendarmerie. He said
that this order was merely aimed at better reorganization of the National
Gendarmerie. Particular emphasis was laid on the role of effectively guaran-
teeing security, that is, the protection of individuals and.their property.

Colonel Tshikudi then recalled our leader Mobutu's constant concern in this spe-
cific domain. This concern also enjoins us to maintain good relations between
the gendarmes and the civilian population. He went on to say that this concern
was supported by Central Committee Resolution No 32.

Colonel Tshikudi also spoke of the sacrifices all the gendarmes must make to
effectively accomplish their mission. "Because," he said, "the service we per-
form demands a commitment to serve and to serve always."

Then the commander of the Eighth Military District verbally congratulated a
senior warrant. officer, Citizen Luneko, and a corporal, Citizen Yainda Massamba.
These two were cited as models who should provide inspiration for all gendarmes
in the exercise of their duties.

119


JPRS-SSA-85-104

28 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Arab Development Bank Involvement With Africa Viewed
(AFRIQUE CONTEMPORAINE, Various dates) .........ceeeeeeeees

Regional Conference for Security, Development Meets in Lome
(LA NOUVELLE MARCHE, 17 Aug 85)......ccccececcccceeccceees

Sahel Institute Director Discusses Projects, Financing
(SIDWAYA, 11 Sep 85)...cccccccccceccccccccsccsccucececees

French Audio-Visual Aid Reported
(AFRIQUE CONTEMPORAINE, various dates).........seeeeeeeees

BURKINA

ICDCS Evaluated After 12 Years: Reorganization Called For
(Editorial; SIDWAYA, 9 Sep 85)... ...ssesccecsccvcccenccees

Graduation of 13th Armored Engineers Cadet Class Celebrated
(A. T. Junior; SIDWAYA, 9 Sep 85)....seceeeeeeeeee eaeeceee

CHAD

End of Drought for Ngouri Subprefecture
(Mbodou Seid; INFO-TCHAD, 20 Aug 85) ....cseesscccccesseeee

CST Official Refutes Article Rapping Union
(AL-WATAN, 10 Aug 85)....cccecccecccccccecccecesceeeeences

UNIR Central Committee Recommendations Said 'Realistic'
(INFO-TCHAD, 6 Sep 85)..

Success of Reforestation Project Reported

(Laoukoura Sa-Ndoudjinang; AL-WATAN, 10 Aug 85).

il

14

16

18

19

20

24

27


would like to live in "true huts"), this formula is a huge success with an
increasingly diversified clientele: close to 23,000 visitors in 1983.

Conquered by the rustic charm of these earthen houses and by the warm welcome
of the personnel, the tourists soon get used to living without electricity,
to saving the water so painstakingly fetched, to sleeping in the cocoon of
mosquito nets, to eating in rough wood plates, seated on a mat.

No Phony Staging

Apart from excursions in pirogues and the visit of villages, no show is staged,
for the golden rule of rural tourism is that you should never stage ceremonies
or dances "for the tourists," to prevent these ritual events from turning into
artificial shows.

On the other hand, whenever possible, those who wish to do so may participate
in the daily activities of the village. They are taken along fishing or
hunting; they are initiated to African cooking and African music, or they
are taught how to use the kayendo (a sort of long spade). They are invited
to all the festivities: harvest festival, marriages, initiation, fertility
rites, etc. And the natives are sincerely delighted when tourists forget
their fear of being ridiculedand join in the dance.

Mealtime is a privileged moment that punctuates camp life. After a full day,
all meet around grilled oysters or yaasa chicken. The conversations are live-
ly. Little by little, some villagers join their guests. By the end of the
meal, some go for a walk, otherssit around the manager to drink tea or bunuck
(palm wine). Faces worn out by the sun relax slowly by the light of storm-
lanterns. The thumping of the tomtom mingles with the rustling of the water.
It is "palaver" time. Meeting time.

Self-Management "the Diola Way"

To better understand the local history and way of life, you must witness the
interminable "conferences" that start on public squares and in the yards of
houses. Old people, each in his own way, tell about the foundation of vil-
lages, the epic resistance to the Mandingues, then to the colonists.

Representing a majority west of the Casamance River, the Diola, known for
their love of independence and their regionalism, have remained very much at-
tached to their traditions. Reconciling Islam and animism, this people of
farmers will consult fetishes as well as marabouts, and jealously watch

wver its sacred groves (where initiation ceremonies take place in the utmost
secret). Social life, structured by many religious, economic and political
groups, is dominated by a commitment to mutual aid.

This organization was a major asset in setting up the camps and then in en-
ssuring the success of self-management "the Diola way." A management council
elected by the community and supervised by a board of directors (consisting
of notables) runs them.

103



[Question] Do you truly believe that a prime minister from a minority group
can function effectively within an alliance?

[Answer] I believe so, unless there are serious conflicts from the very outset.
That is why we must be careful. If there is a possibility of a major conflict
in the future, I believe that it is not at all desirable to have an alliance.

It goes without saying that in an alliance, one can expect that there will occa-
sionally be disagreements and debate; that is normal. But if one has to ex-
pect major conflicts due to ideological differences, then I believe it would

be better not to have an alliance.

[Question] But why do you insist on the fact that the prime minister's post
must go to a Laborite?

[Answer] What is important is to take what the voters want into account. We
need a prime minister providing security, with the right experience and the
ability to head a country.

[Question] In your opinion, does the current leader of the Labor Party meet
those conditions?

[Answer] Yes, Sir Satcam Boolell meets all those conditions.

[Question] Do you seriously believe that a majority partner in an alliance
would be willing to yield the most important post to a "junior partner"?

[Answer] It is not I who used the debatable label of "junior partner." One
has but to say that no party can expect to win power in the coming general
elections without the Labor Party.

[Question] Will all that not be interpreted as pretentiousness on the part of
the PT? What proves that the Labor Party is as strong as you believe?

[Answer] Listen: in 1982, when the Labor Party was at the lowest point in
its popularity, it obtained a little under 30 Percent of the votes. You
recall: that was the 60-0.

[Question] Yes, but the Labor Party was then led by Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
and other prominent figures who have left and who are now in the RTM [expan-
sion unknown],

[Answer] The people of the RTM represent nothing. As we have seen, it was

a stillborn party. The Labor Party has a history, a tradition of fight behind
it. It is not the party of an individual; it is a symbol which alone can rally
the majority of the population because it is safe and the people know the
party. Wherever we go, we hear them say: "Labor Party, ti pli bon."

[Question] Does the Labor Party maintain that an election alliance in the

1988 general elections must necessarily be preceded by an alliance in the
December municipal elections?

63


LABADI SEA DEFENCE WORKS PHASE 2 NEARING COMPLETION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Sep 85 pp l, 8

{Article by Adbul Aziz]

[Text]

jea Dei
Works being und
en by Mecers Marine
Construction Company
Ltd. will be completed

the end of November

‘is year at a cost of.
126 millio:

‘The Managing Director
of the Company, Mr Lang-
ford Kofi Amoako an-
nounced this in an inter-
view when delegates to the
four-day International
Government Consultative
Conference on coastal ero-
sion along the Bight of
Benin toured the project
site in Accra on Monday.

Mr Amoako mentioned
lack of equipment, such as
dump, trucks, quarry ma-
chines, and cranes as the
main problem facing his
company in the execution
of the project.

He Riepested to the
vernment that in awarding
future contracts, at least
20 per cent of the contract
‘sum in foreign exchange be
given toslocal contractors
to be used to buy equip-

ment for their projects. _

cso: 3400/90

49

Mr Amoako was of the
view that if local contrac-.
tors are given the same
treatment as foreign firms
which take some percenta-

‘of their contract sums in
foreign exchange for pro-
curing equipment, they
will execute their projects
not only on schedule but
also more efficiently.

Some of the delegates
said they were impressed

the job‘done by Mesars
larine Construction
Company Ltd. and ex-
pressed the desire to learn
from Ghana as to how they
can solve their coastal ero-
sion problems.

On the third phase of the
project, Mr George Opoku,
Chief Consultant of the
Architectural and Engi-
neering Services Corpora:
tion (AESC) said the date
on which work will start
has not yet been decided.

The tour of the delega-
tion took ther along the
Accra-Tema coastline
where they visited the
Korle Lagoon, Labadi
Beach, Tema Harbour and
‘Tema Fishing Harbour.

JPRS*SSA+85~104
28 October 1985

GHANA



0. Ogunyemi, who is in charge of aviation fuel at the National Oil Company
which supplies fuel to the Nigeria Airways, said he was unaware of any
shortage of fuel in the northern area. [Text] [Lagos DAILY: TIMES in
English 14 Sep 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/84

98


national reconstruction, our Labor Union Organization is represented in the
country's highest political ‘organization. Therefore, we do not know what he
is driving at with the accusation of demagoguery with which some seem to
want to "label" labor union leaders who defend the workers’ interests within
the UNIR [National Union for Independence and Revolution]. Or we must yield
to the evidence that the author is going against the current of Chadian
workers' activities.

To remove any doubt, the executive bureau of the CST wishes to inform the
readers of our great newspaper of information and combat, AL-WATAN, that the
author of the article exceeded the limits of his labor union responsibilities
within the FESCIT [expansion unknown]. It is demagoguery indeed when he makes
abusive use of his title of assistant general secretary of his Labor Union
Federation without consulting its members, while stating that he was acting
in his name alone. And since he also appends his title of member of the
National Rejuvenation Council to this defamatory article, we wish to point

out that CST members were intimately connected with the struggle against the
Libyan enemy and took part in the fight against the invader at all stages.

Well-informed workers will have to watch out for fake militants and phonies.

Boukar Barka, general secretary of the CST

9294
cso: 3419/595

23



JPRS+SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

CHAD

END OF DROUGHT FOR NGOURI SUBPREFECTURE
Ndjamena INFO-TCHAD in French 20 Aug 85 p 3
[Article by Mbodou Seid: "1985: A Promising Year for the Ngouri Subprefecture"]

[Text] The year 1985 "is a promising year for the Ngouri subprefecture,"
Mr Mahamat Aboukary, the local subprefect, stated after a heavy rain fell
on that lake town on 16 August. This small sentence reflects the hopes of
many inhabitants of this subprefecture which, until the start of the current
rainy season, was a good illustration of the disaster caused in our regions
in the past 10 years by the great Sahel drought and the accompanying famine,
and the resulting deaths through food poisoning and chronic malnutrition.
With the start of the rainy season, hope came back: the farmers who had
turned traders by force of circumstance deserted the town to return to the
fields already at 6 am, and came back only at sunset. From Balladja to
Ngouri and Doum-Doum, everything seems to indicate that the lean-cow years
are now just a sad memory. It is raining almost every day and, according
to farmers, all ‘indications point to good crops.

The subprefect was pleased to acknowledge that the current agricultural cam-
paign is most promising. Millet plants are beginning to form ears. Every-
thing is green and fat livestock is moving about in a landscape of lush
pastures.

The people, however, are faced with problems; they must work for the future
"good crops," and at the same time face the pre-harvest period that promises
to be tough. All the more so as the food supplies received as emergency aid
are now insufficient and as there is an acknowledged shortage of drinking
water. In Doum-Doum, for instance, none of the water pumps is working, and
over half of the 20 pumps in the subprefecture are out of service. But the
signs of hope among this population that has suffered from the drought for
so long are mainly that the men who left the Ngouri subprefecture because

of the drought are now coming back. The farmers are not the only ones to
have recovered their enthusiasm and the use of the hoe. Officials, led by
the subprefect, are discovering this implement. Every afternoon, they go
down to the outskirts of Ngouri to plough their plots of land, encouraged

as they are by the good rainfall. It goes without saying that the Chadian
people are well aware of drought-related problems and want to contribute to
approaching food self-sufficiency.

9294
CSO: 3419/561

19



JPRS=SSA*85+104
28 October 1985

“SENEGAL ~

RURAL TOURISM, TOURIST CAMPS IN CASAMANCE
Paris LE MONDE in French 17 Aug 85 p 1
[Article by Muriel Scibilia: "In a Hut in Casamance"]

[Text] Nine villages join to manage tourist camps
built by traditional methods.

The men are coming back from the rice fields or from backwater fishing; the
women are crisscrossing the trails, bent under bundles of deadwood. When
they meet, they greet each other: "Kassoumaye" (welcome). And, like a song
rising from the earth, the cheerful melody of these endlessly repeated
greetings mingles with the murmurs of nightfall. Kassoumaye Casamance!

Hidden between Gambia and Guinea, this region of southern Senegal, which
extends over 400 km like the river that gave it its name, unfolds a thousand
and one charms. The traveller is grabbed by the radiant beauty of the land-
scape: bastard mahogany, silk-cotton tree, palm-tree and liana forests; .
checkerboards of rice fields, mazes of creeks that disappear into the man-
grove; flights of white pelicans, gulls and seagulls.

But, to discover Casamance fully, you must linger in its villages and live
with its people. The ideal way to do it is still that of integrated rural
-tourism. A pilot experiment which, for over 10 years, has tried to promote
a different type of tourism, based on contacts and exchanges, while promoting
the region's development.

To achieve this, nine villages jointly operate and manage tourist camps they
built with traditional materials and methods. Built on the model of village
huts, with a modest aid from outside (FF 48 million), these sites--which are
designed toaccormmodate 30 to 40 people--testify to the harmony and diversity
of Casamance housing: cosiness of the impluvium of Enampore, a circular hut
with a double roof whose inner slopes are inclined toward a patio; majesty of
the impluvium of Affiniam; sophistication of the two-story hut of Oussouye,
with its stairs and its verandas; austerity of the fortress-hut of Abene.

To give a new value to traditional housing while guaranteeing a minimum of
comfort, to avoid disfiguring the environment, and to facilitate the visitors’
integration, such was the ambition of C. Saglio, the promoter of this project.
He did it. Contrary to pessimistic forecasts (some doubted that Westerners

102


{Question] What is your view of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace?

{Angwer] We have always advocated an Indian Ocean free of all tensions
and sheltered from all conflicts--a true zone of peace. We want a de-
nuclearized Indian Ocean. We also reject any and all hegemonism what-
soever. All tension must give way to dialogue between the countries of
the region.

{Question] What about your dispute with France regarding the status of
Mayotte?

{Answer] Let us briefly review the past, if you will. In December 1974,
the referendum showed that the overwhelming majority of Comorians, 99 per-
cent of them, that is, were for independence. The 1976 agreements with
France stated the readiness of the Comoros--that is, of the four islands
that comprise the archipelago: Grand Comoro, Anjouan, Moheli and
Mayotte--for independence. The French Government leaders have also re~
affirmed this readiness. Nevertheless, against the course of history,
France decided to keep Mayotte under its thumb. It is up to France,
therefore, to find a just solution to the problem of Mayotte in accordance
with the statements of the UN, of the OAU [Organization of African Unity],
and of the Islamic Conference, on the territorial integrity of the archi-
pelago, all of which recognize Mayotte as being an integral part of the
Comoros. We have neither the means nor the desire to declare war on
France. We are hoping that diplomacy will help find a solution. The ball
is in France's court.

[Question] From time to time, the international press reports on the
presence of "mercenaries" in the archipelago. Are these the same ones who
helped President Abdallah retrieve the Government?

{Answer} Actually, that press makes more of an issue of this question
than is warranted by the facts. However, it passes in silence over the
fact that Ali Solih's regime seized power with the help of mercenaries.
That the mentioned regime maintained black and white mercenaries who
terrorized the population. No one mentions the tyranny of those mercen-
aries, which lasted for 3 years.

Answering the call of the Comorian people, President Abdallah came forth
and put an end to Ali Solih's tyrannical regime. For that, he had to have
outside help, in terms of both manpower and money. But clearly, within
the country he had the backing of the population; for, 50 men cannot, by
themselves, overturn a regime. True, there are still some foreigners--
call them "mercenaries" if you so desire; but note that since 1978 there
have been democratic elections in the Comoros, for the election of the
president as well as the deputies of the National Assembly.

The foreigners presently in the Comoros are working on the staffing of the
presidential guard and of the Comorian armed forces. Note that the same

31



Due to technical difficulties, the production of zinc in 1983 was at a lower
level than that of the preceding period. But by comparison with the results
of 1981, 1980, 1979 and 1978, 1983's production was on an average of 32
percent higher. As for cadmium, its recuperation was due to a better roasting
of zine concentrates. The production of the product (cadmium) reported in
December 1983 was on the order of 308 tons as compared with 281 in 1982, 230
in 1981, 168 in 1980, 216 in 1979 and 186 in 1978.

The company also produced that same year 1,449 tons of manufactured products
using copper and zine. It also produced for its own use 99,432 tons of
charcoal, 159,863 tons of sulphuric acid, 100,499 tons of lime and 12,221 tons
of metallurgic cement.

Mineral Extraction

In 1983 strip mines produced 10,205,000 tons of minerals (63 per cent of the
total supplied to the treatment plants) as compared to 8,506,000 tons in 1982,
9,708,000 tons in 1981, 8,611,000 tons in 1980 and 7,430,000 tons in 1979. In
relation to 1982, the increase was 1,699,900 tons in 1983.

As for the underground mines at Kamoto, Kambove and Kipushi, they extracted a
total of 6,030,000 tons of minerals in 1983 as compared to 5,755,000 tons in
1982 for an increase of 281,000 tons. The results of these underground mines
for 1981, 1980 and 1979 respectively were 5,215,000 tons, 6,070,000 tons and
6,019,000 tons.

According to the GECAMINES annual report for 1983, the underground mine at
Kamoto had produced 2.8 million tons of minerals as of 31 Decemeber 1983.
This tonnage represented 94 per cent of the annual projections. But the
percentage of copper on the order of 4.2 per cent rose 0.1 per cent in
comparison to 1982. This increase was principally due to the better.
extraction yield obtained by the chamber and pillars method, especially in the
vein of the deposit.

At Kambove, again according to the annual report, a significant amount of
1,722,000 tons of minerals were extracted in 1983. The same report adds that
this tonnage was the highest since the beginning of this underground
operation.

At Kipushi, the extraction rose to 1,465,000 tons in 1983, representing an
increase of 5 per cent over that of 1982.

Treatment Plant Production

As for the treatment plants, the same report reveals that the western group
treated a record amount of 13.6 million tons of minerals in 1983 of which
11.7 million were treated by flotation. The concentrated products represented
1,371,000 tons, including 399,400 tons of copper which represented 80 per cent
of the total tonnage of copper recovered in the company's treatment plants.

112


causes a continuous exodus to the towns, a phenomenon that is further com-
pounded, as we shall see, by a poorly conceived school policy.

In the towns, on the other hand, the most visible signs of the deterioration
of the standard of living are first of all the waiting lines in front of the
"city halls" ("fokontany"” offices), as the State also took it upon itself to
distribute the PPN (staple products): these lines begin forming sometimes as
early as 2 am and last until noon; and city dwellers consider themselves for-
tunate when they get a minimal amount of broken rice, which is severely ra-
tioned during half of the year, and is usually contaminated with insecticides,
a frequent cause of serious intestinal trouble. Other characteristics: the
deterioration of clothing, which is no longer renewed for lack of money; over-
crowded housing, the proliferation of shantytowns and, recently, homeless
people: we should point out that the population of Antananarivo, the capital
and the worst case in point, has doubled in 15 years, probably to 800,000, in
spite of which no low-cost housing was built during that period; and, finally,
widespread unemployment as, in order to survive, most of the urban population
is compelled to engage in small-scale trading (selling some fruit, rice cakes,
sweets, etc.), thereby also increasing the number of middlemen and, therefore,
the price of products... :

But the greatest cause for concern is certainly the employment problem, in
particular for the 250,000 or so young people who reach adulthood every year.
There is an oversupply of manpower as the industry is operating bélow capacity,
and the trade sector is oversaturated; that left the administration but, under
the pressure of the International Monetary Fund and because it lacks credits
and equipment, it is laying off by the thousands the temporary help it had
hired a few years ago. Apart from the army, which is still "hiring" from
time to time, the only remaining prospect is private schools: public schools
can no longer meet the demand and, under the pressure of parents who believe
that they are thus ensuring the future of their children, there is a multi-
plication of makeshift schools set up by greedy owners who hire many unqual-
ified teachers.

In other words, regression is strongly affecting the academic world. Follow-
ing the Malagasification that was certainly legitimate but carried out with
more demagoguery than consistency, the use of an international language of
communication (in that case French) has been just about lost (except for the
children of a privileged minority). This would not be so bad if there existed
means of training and intellectual awakening in the Malagasy language; but
nothing worth mentioning was done in this respect, both because of the narrow-
minded censorship that encourages conformity and discourages all research,

and because of the intense ideological orientation that was given to all
school curricula. Nothing counts but the Marxist-Leninist thought, or more
precisely a by~product of historical materialism revised and corrected ac-
cording to the Soviet model. The degree of ignorance and corruption of the
mind prevailing in the schools, and affecting also high-school graduates and
university students, is downright staggering and weighs heavy on the country's
future.

Under these conditions, it is no wonder that, in the province with the highest
rate of school attendance, the Antananarivo province, only one elementary

55



On the economic level, I believe there are no comments to make. Agricultural
statistics, at the sixth regional conference, say a great deal about it.
Whether it is a question of corn, manioc, peanut or potato production, etc...
The same is true for stock farming, both for cattle and smaller livestock,

as well as fishing.

On the social level, you should recall that the epidemics that shook the
subregion in past years have nearly disappeared as a result of the efforts
made by medical officials at all levels.

{Question] "Give me a good economy, [and] I will provide a good policy."
You stated this before the members of the ANEZA [National Association of
Zairian Enterprises] /Tanganyika during a reception organized in your honor
at the Lake Hotel restaurant. What had you wanted to suggest by this?

{Answer] By this little sentence, I wanted to say that I can indeed only
lead where there are men who have sound minds in sound bodies, namely, people
who are in perfect health and who eat plentifully. The party's objectives
can only be achieved, in fact, by men fulfilling these conditions.

{Question] The Tanganyika subregion remains unquestionably the granary

of the Shaba, thanks to its agricultural, agropastoral and other potential.
What does your program of action envisage in order to respond legitimately

to the requirements of Marshall Mobutu's third 7-year term basically centered
around social issues?

{Answer] Continuing to increase production in all fields. In addition,
channeling farmers into production, sales and consumers' cooperatives.

This organization will have to give beneficiaries the power to independently
solve a great number of [the] economico-social problems confronting them.

[Question] Tanganika, particularly Kalemie, is a subregion where basic
products are very expensive. This is an observation you yourself have al-
ready made. To what do you attribute this situation? And what are the
preparations envisaged to contain this scourge?

{Answer] Basic articles in fact, are expensive in Kalemie. I believe that
this is a passing situation. Passing, to the extent that the situation

we lived through in the months of November and December 1984 put us somewhat
at a disadvantage. Now that life has resumed its normal course, the economic
operators who hesitated to send their products to Kalemie have resumed their
activities.

It goes without saying that when there are plenty of goods, as we already

note, the law of supply and demand will apply and prices will go down by
themselves.

{Question] The (national) economic operators within your jurisdiction complain
that agricultural credits are granted only to foreigners. How do you explain
this discriminatory policy?

109



appointments, and promotions should revert to the municipalities. There
should be a complete decentralization. Also, the district and village
councils should have more powers. Now, these organizations have no power,
though democratically elected. -

[Question] Are you going to participate in the municipal elections?
[Answer] As I told you, we will explain our position in the near future.
[Question] Will you also be present for the 1988 legislative elections?

[answer] Certainly. We will take part in the 1988 elections in the framework
of an alliance. That is a reality that one cannot neglect. We will decline
only if we do not find suitable allies.

{Question] What is the strategy of the new PSM?

[Answer] We have already started to work in the field. We are going to
strengthen our base by putting in place adequate structures. We are going to
offer an alternative program. We are going to show the people that we are
worth something on the political level.

[Question] It is whispered, and it is no secret, that you have the support of
certain ministries.

{Answer] For practical reasons, we cannot reveal their names at this stage.
There are also many former.PSM members who want to join us, but for the
moment, because of their occupations, they cannot do so. We have also
established a recruiting committee that will analyze case by case.

English and French: Two International Languages

[Question] In regard to languages at the CPE [expansion unknown] level, have
you taken any position? ‘

[Answer] We should not touch English and French, because they are the two
international languages. We must consider the interests of the children. If
tomorrow China is willing to accept Mauritian workers, then they will have to
learn Chinese; if India is willing to take 10,000 Mauritian workers per year,
then they will have to learn Hindi. If people are to go to Saudi Arabia, they
will learn Arabic.

{Question] What is the future of the new PSM, in your view?
{Answer] If we continue with this momentum, we will have a very brilliant
future. Nevertheless, we have a difficult task to achieve. We have an

important role to play on the political scene. Our role will be considerable
in some districts, and 17 out of 20 districts can be regarded as marginal.

73



Like the recommendations dealing with economic and developmental
matters, the other recommendations center on the well-being of the
Chadian citizen, whose level of political consciousness it is more
necessary than ever to raise in these times. CC members think
doing that will call for providing the nation with a school system
better adapted to the way things are here, even as we strive to
eradicate illiteracy. They believe it is also important to re-
design our media outlets to enable them to do a better job at con-
sciousness-raising and getting their réaders interested in issues.

Following are the recommendations on economic, financial, and de-
velopmental issues as well as those concerning education, communi-
cations, and extension work.

Recommendations on Economic, Financial, and Developmental Matters
The Central Committee:

1. Recommends that the government continue its efforts to upgrade
and encourage dry-gulch (wadi) farming and to develop irriga-
tion practices as a step (among others) toward self-sufficiency
in food;

2. Recommends that the government do everything possible to esta-
blish advanced learning centers in agronomy, veterinary scien-
ces, and zootechnology;

3. Recommends that the government step up its fight against deser-
tification by increasing the numbers of tree nurseries, metho-
dical reforesting in threatened zones, and establishing green
belts around urban centers;

4. Recommends that the government rehabilitate the national parks,
the wildlife reserves, and tourist attractions, as well as
keeping close watch on wildlife protection, especially rare
species;

5. Urgently call on all Chadiens at whatever level to take a keener
interest in working the land;

6. Appeal to the national community to help restore, protect, de-
velop, and follow efficient practice in managing cattle herds;

7. Support government action designed to develop the rural world;

8. Take note of government actions and encourage it in its efforts
to establish an agricultural banking institution;

9. Applaud the efforts made by agricultural extension agents and

call on them to persevere in spreading and popularizing modern
farming techniques;

25



SHAKE UP AT NATIONAL STEEL COUNCIL

JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Sep 85 pl

[Article by Tawey Zakka]

{Text]

cso;

AMAJOR shake-up going on
at the National Steel Council
(Exploration and Mining Divi-
sion), Kaduna has swept away
in the first instance its Direc-
tor, Mr. J.A. Adewumi and
three other top-ranking of-
ficers.

The others are Mr. J.O.
Ashaolu, Chief Accountant,
Mr. W. Usuocha, Senicr Ac-
countant and Mr. H. A.
Oladosu, a Principal Internal
Auditor.

Director J.A. Adewumi’s
“compulsory retirement” was
announced in a Federal
Ministry of Mines, Power and:
Steel circular letter No.
MMP.4736/S.1/VOL.2/339
dated September 9, 1985.

‘The same circular announc-
ed the appoinment of Mr. A.D.
Famuboni as acting Director.

‘The New Nigerian gathered
veliably that the retirement of
the four officers was the first
step taken by the Federal
Government to implement the
report of an administrative
panel which probed the coun-
cil last year.

3400/81

91

It was further gathered that
the heads of many more high-
ranking officers would roll in
what sources said would be “a
clean sweep” of the council.

The new acting Director,
Mr. A.D. Famuboni, had met
with different categories of
staff and sources said that at
his meeting with all workers
Thursday, Mr. Famuboni
dropped a hint that what had
happened was just a tip of an
ice-berg.

He said that more changes
were forthcoming and appeal-
ed to employees to co-operate
with him.

‘Mr. Famuboni was not at his
desk yesterday morning when
the New Nigerian called.

All staff of the council have
been ordered to stopgiving out
information to anyone. A cir-
cular - letter No
NSC/0A/C/19/104 dated
September 12, 1985, signed by
Mr. S.O. Akujobi, threatened
serious action against any
NSC worker who leaks “*
or coded information.”

“NIGERIA



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[Question] That is almost blackmail.

{Answer] That is not blackmail. We established the PSM.because we do not
agree with the MSM. I must tell you that Harish Boodhoo has totally changed.
Today we are learning his real face. In the PSM, we are now trying to work
for a better Mauritius. We do not have contempt for the small worker. We
will not smear anyone. We will not criticise people's private lives, and we
will not again make the mistake of killing the PSM.

9920
cso: 3419/564

74



It is 15:40. A blossoming of colors invades the lawn of George-V Stadium.
Flag bearers take up their positions. The national anthem is played. All
in the stadium stand up. When the Marseillaise was played in the Curepipe
basin, only the delegation of athletes from the sister island had stood up.
It was during the historical scenes depicting Mauritius's history.

The colorful show reaches its high point. Leading officials take place on
the rostrum. In the background, the flag of the Indian Ocean Islands Games
is lowered by an elegantly dressed team of the Special Mobile Force. The
flag will be handed over to the representative of the island that will have
the signal honor of sending invitations to the 1989 meeting.

After the Mauritian national anthem, the Malagasy anthem is played and the
Malagasy flag is raised, while the callisthenics group continues its original
numbers that fill the public and TV viewers with wonder. The climax was
probably when the group wrote "Au revoir" and "1989" at the end of the
ceremony.

Children were delighted to see Tizan the Dodo leave in helicopter, the way
he had come, leaving his legend on the stadium lawn. The famous character
of the Indian Ocean Islands Games is popular with children and adults alike:
athletes and hostesses took over the podium when Tizan the Dodo and his
friends started dancing on an adaptation of "For he's a jolly good fellow"
by the Gerard Cimiotti band. Before "kidnapping" Tizan the Dodo, the heli-
copter appeared in the sky leaving behind a trail in the four Mauritian
colors.

The picture that we will remember when we talk about the Second Indian Ocean
Islands Games, will certainly be that of the athletes, all delegations joined,
hand in hand, giving thus an example of unity and fraternity to the politi-
cians firmly seated in the stadium foldaway seats or watching at home in
their slippers.

The spectators at George-V stadium did not hesitate to follow the athletes,
giving a very nice image of this superb sunny afternoon in Curepipe. After
all their workouts in gyms and other stadiums, and although still
aching from all their physical efforts, the athletes started to sing and
dance. Who would disagree with Pierre Renaud who wrote that "the destiny
of islands is to sing..."?

9294
CSO: 3419/588

80


If the figures are given by country, it cannot be said that the bank wanted, or
was able, or had to favor one country or another. Zambia received the most money
($35 million), followed by Burundi ($32.5 million) and Mali ($31.8 million) ,

to cite only those countries that received over $30 million. Out of 38 countries,
12 (or one-third) received half of the funds allocated by BADEA. In descending
order these countries are (in millions of dollars):

Country, Amount,
Zambia 35.0
Burundi 32.5
Mali 31.9
Cameroon 29.0
Niger 28.9
Benin 28.7
Botswana 28.4
Zimbabwe 28.0
Ghana 27.3
Senegal 24.7
Uganda 20.9
Guinea 20.8

Five of these countries are English-speaking and seven are French-speaking.

It is very difficult to determine the policy behind BADEA's activity. No single
criterion (GNP, indebtedness, population) seems to have been particularly favored.

However, it can be emphasized that the bank voluntarily cooperated with other
financial assistance organizations, including the FAC, EDF and the CCCE.*

For comparison, in 1984 the CCCE** loaned5.23 billion francs (approximately
$550 million) to 34 African countries and 5 Caribbean countries. BADEA loans
made in 1984 totaled $88 million. The CCCE favors the productive sector over
the tertiary sector.

*FAC:Aid and Cooperation Fund; EDF: European Development Fund; CCCE: Central
Fund for Economic Cooperation. These three funds are all French.

**See MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS of 12 April 1984 and AFRIQUE CONTEMPORAINE
No. 130, April/May/June 1984.


JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

“ZAIRE”

TANGANYIKA REGIONAL CHIEF ON AREA'S PROGRESS
Lumbumbashi MJUMBE in French 30 Jul 85 p 3

{Interview with Dinkulu Makonda, chief of the Tanganyika subregional adminis-
tration, by MJUMBE correspondent Tchomba Kabondo; date and place not specified]

{Text] On 1 December 1984, Kalemie welcomed citizen
Dinkulu Makonda, the new chief of the Tanganyika subre-
gional administration. Dinkulu came from Kasaji, in the
Lualaba subregion, where he had exercised the same func-
tions for several years.

Seven months after his installation at the head of this
administrative entity, Dinkulu is primarily working to-
wards an increase in agricultural production and progress
in all fields of subregional socioeconomic life. From
this perspective, he intends, among other things, to chan-
nel farmers into production, sales and consumers' cooper-
atives. The subregional president of the MPR [Popular
Movement of the Revolution] /Tanganyika feels this organi-
zation should give beneficiaries the possibilities and
means of solving a great number of their problems alone.

Below is the complete interview Dinkulu was willing to
grant to our colleague.

[Question] You have been at the head of the party and this administrative
entity for nearly 7 months. How do you see the socioeconomic and political
situation in Tanganyika compared to that of Lualaba?

(Answer] It is difficult to make a comparision. Each region has its dis-
tinctive characteristics. Otherwise, on the whole, I am satisfied with

the evolution of political activities in the Tanganyika subregion. Neverthe-
less, I have noticed that there is insufficient information. It is for

that reason that, according to the instructions sent to us by the regional
party president, we have expanded a series of ideological seminars in favor
of basic committees. By that we mean mothers, sectional and subsectional
presidents of public and private undertakings, as well as the JMPR [Youth

of the Popular Movement of the Revolution]/ Labor committees.

108


JPRS+SSA*85=104
28 October 1985

A Sigh of Relief

When asked about the Second Indian Ocean Islands Games, Mr Michael Glover,
minister of youth and sports, stated: "First conclusion: a big sigh of relief
for, like it or not, in the eyes of the public I was the one responsible for
the Games. I am pleased that all went well. That made us proud, for Mauri-~
tian athletes performed surprisingly well. It is true that they had been in
training for a year, but we had had no opportunity to judge their quality."

"Now, thanks to the competitions that took place during the Islands Games, our
athletes have been able to assess their performance, which is excellent. This
will boost their self-confidence. They realized that it pays to work."

"Now that the Second Games are over, we must aim at larger objectives: for
instance the African Games."

"another conclusion that delights me is that feeling of Mauritian unity that
emerged during the Games."

When asked about the public's behavior, minister Glover said it was fantastic.
"T was somewhat afraid at first that it would border on chauvinism. But we
must also understand that, during these Games, the public had an opportunity
to unite as a Mauritian nation in order to support those who represented it,"
Mr Glover said.

Perfect Organization

Mr Jean Roland Delaitre, chairman of the International Games Committee: "I am
pleased with the way the Games went off. The organization was perfect--1
shall not hesitate to use that word here. The weather was not nice during
the Games, but it was superb on this afternoon of the closing day."

"Tl do not think that we can speak of 'chauvinism' on the part of the Mauritian
public. From where I was, I did not note any unfair attitude. I believe that
the public understood the fraternity of the islands and is working to promote

it."

"We must now hope that the sports facilities provided in Mauritius for these
Second Games will be used to promote sport."

Closing Ceremonies
Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 2 Sep 85, pp 1, 7
{Article: "For the Closing Ceremony of the Second Indian Ocean Islands Games
Yesterday at George-V Stadium: A Symphony of Colors and Movements to Consolidate
Friendship Among Indian Ocean Peoples"]}
[Text] The inspiration, the elan, the emotion, the

panache, the sparkle and the fever of this event with-
out precedent in Mauritius, the Second Indian Ocean

78


But the most original aspect of this undertaking is that all profits are paid

to the villagers who use them as they see fit (net profits in 1983: FF 36
million). Defining their priorities at an annual meeting, they first voted

in favor of sociocultural projects: schools, mosks, clinics,’ maternity hospitals.
‘They are now turning to productive activities that could slow down the rural
exodus: fishing, livestock raising, truck farming and craftsmen cooperatives.
Recently, they created the Senegalese Association for Integrated Rural Devel-
opment (ASDRI). The goal of this non-government organization (ONG) is to

enter into partnership relations with European ONGs in order to finance various
development projects.

The success of this experiment tends to make us forget the problems that mark-
ed its beginnings. The promoters, who wanted to secure the people's actual
participation, encountered its distrust and even its hostility. "Just for the
Enampore camp, we had to organize close to 50 meetings before we got their
agreement," Mr A. Goudiaby, regional coordinator of rural tourism, remembers.
But thanks to the dynamism and patience of the officials, the Casamance people
became enthusiastic about the venture.

Yet, most are aware of the need for vigilance to prevent it from being divert-
ed from its initial objectives. "We must educate the people and the tourists
if we are to avoid the faults of traditional tourism: lack of mutual under-
standing, begging, delinquence and prostitution," A. Goudiaby added.

But if villagers are eager to safeguard their ethics and their dignity, chil-
dren are more vulnerable. Eager to "rub elbows" with foreigners, charmed by
their affluence, they always find ways to meet them to "talk" or "offer" them
shells and coconuts. And, aware of the prevailing poverty, very few tourists
resist the pleasure of giving them some change.. It is not so much the gifts
as their daily repetition that deteriorates social relations and develops a
welfare mentality. "We do not want our children to become beggars," the head
of the village of Elinkine explained. "If tourists want to make presents, they
should give them to local officials who will distribute them equitably."

Photographs are also a major cause of concern. Indeed, the people feels in-
creasingly uncomfortable with being bombarded by photographers. "It is pain-
ful to be considered as a strange animal," a schoolteacher confided. "Some
amateurs will even invade our privacy to bring back interesting photographs."
On the other hand, as soon as a relationship starts, villagers let themselves
be photographed with good grace.

All are convinced that information and dialogue can solve these few misunder-
standings inherent to the confrontration of two cultures. And it is precisely
in this attempt to work at a rapprochement between nations that the strength
and the originality of this experiment reside.

9294
CSO: 3419/561

104


1ST QUARTER CRUDE OIL PROCESSING FIGURES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Sep 85 p 6

[Text]

NIGERIA’S three. refineries
procesed a total of 1,855.780 ton-
nes of crude in the second quarter
this year, according to the
“Nigerian Petroleum News”.

The monthly publication

in its current issue that
of the total, the Port Harcourt
Refinery processed 670,663
tonnes, comprising 222.765 tonnes
in April, 229,717 tonnes in May
and 218,181 tonnes in June.-

The Warri facility refined
56,257, 92,891 and 264,376 tonnes
respectively during the three-
month period, all totalling 413,524"

tonnes.

Output at the Kaduna Refinesy
totalled 771,593 tonnes, made up
of 319,452,.207,350 and 244,791 ton-
nes over the three months.

Petroleum News. further
reports it except for Double

e Kerosene (DPK) and
Low Pour Fuel Oil (LPFO), the
Port Harcourt plant’s production
of most petroleum products fell
below refining programme.

Port Harcourt produced 173,419
tonnes of High Pour Fuel Oil
(HPFO), 171,537 tonnes of
Automotive Gas Oil (AGO),

cso: 3400/81

89

JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

151,829 tonnes of Premium Motor
Spirit (PMS), 103,803 tonnes of
DPK, 80,577 tonnes of LPFO and
2,082 tonnes of Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG).

The publication notes a
substantial shortfall in the pro-
duction of all products at the
Warri refinery.

Premium Motor Spirit was
slightly over one-third and both
DPK and HPFO just over one-
half, while AGO was about two-
thirds of programme.

The facility produced 104,965
tonnes of HPF‘, 100,510 tonnes of
AGO, 68,304 tonnes of PMS, 61,280
tonnes of DPK, 14,738 tonnes of
LPFO and 2,000 tonnes of LPG.

Petroleum Nene further
reports a “fair” formance at
che Kaduna plant, with Kerosene
production exceeding the pro-
grammes 14.5.per cent. All
other products were short-
produced, but the shortfall was
relatively low.

The refinery’s output durifig
the quarter amounted to 229,873
tonnes and 7,773 tonnes of AGO,
123,613 tonnes of DPK, 99,673 ton-
nes of LPFO and 7,773 tonnes of
LPG. (NAN) .

NIGERIA


events, and the less timorous among them are regularly compelled to alter
certain paragraphs or remove certain sentences or allusions. Paradoxically,
it is through Radio-France Internationale that many Malagasy get occasional
bits of information on their own country, which are always toned down. But
this is not much of a risk to the government. Indeed, very few have elec-
tricity and a radio set sophisticated enough to receive foreign broadcasts;
for most, radio became superfluous a long time ago: batteries for transistor
radios are seldom to be found, especially in rural areas.

A "Model" Rejected by a Demobilized People

Ten years after it was established, socialism, which was supposed to be
specifically Malagasy, is now only a vague copy of an imported model from
which it progressively copied its structures, its activity and its language.
The only thing that now matters to the current regime is to stay in power--
even through force and even in spite of the people it claims to represent.
Two significant examples testify to this trend, which will be hard to reverse
without major and unforeseeable upheavals.

At home, first, we witnessed the constitution of a new ruling class, com-
parable in every respect to the "nomenklatura” of the Soviet Union and its
satellites: it consists, onthe one hand, of political leaders supporting
the regime (or at least using the same language) and for whom the recruiting
criteria is ideological conformity rather than competence or integrity; and,
on the other hand, military leaders in charge of corps (army and police) who

‘are divided among themselves but courted by the government. The link uniting

them is the defense of increasingly exorbitant privileges against the large
mass of the impoverished and, to an extent that is hard to assess but certain-
ly considerable, the fact that they are compromised in corruption. To these
should be added, for obvious reasons of opportunism, most of the traditional
bourgeoisie which essentially lives in Antananarivo. According to the 1975
census, this ruling class would occupy approximately 25,000 posts and would
include one third of women--a notable proportion characteristic of Madagas-
car. That is a total of 15,000 to 17,000 families. We need not dwell on
what differentiates this class; the picture is familiar throughout Africa:
villas and cars, numerous servants, European lifestyle and consumption of
imported products (from clothing to videotape recorders), "service" trips
abroad with large allocations of foreign currencies, studies in France for
the children, etc.

In foreign policy, too, the "model" is a proven one. From the East bloc, the
paradise of brother countries (the preferred example of which in Madagascar
is North Korea), come ideology and weapons--the latter payable in foreign
currencies or through barter, so that the Soviet Union could recently export
vanilla to the United States. Military agreements, like arms sales contracts,
remain secret. But it would be inaccurate to conclude that Madagascar is
occupied by the Soviets: their physical presence, as civilian or military
advisors or technical assistants, is probably less, by numbers, than that

of the French. It would be more accurate to say that Madagascar is being
Sovietized by the Malagasy leaders themselves; it did not take them long to
understand the advantage of this system in perpetuating their regime, and
they perfectly assimilated its operating rules. In any case, the Soviet Union

57



the AREMA (Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution), became the dominant party
within the Front, as it had full control over the administration; the other
parties, whose number varies-(from 5 to 7) and whose influence is very un-
equal because it is restricted to the activities of the members, are being
progressively reduced to the status of auxiliary forces. And, increasingly,
the president is announcing his determination to set up a single-party regime.

Economically, a wave of spectacular nationalizations started already in June
1975 and continued for the next two years: the film industry, banks and in-
surance companies, the energy sector, all industries, large trading and import-
export firms, the collection and distribution of staples (rice, oil, soap,
etc.). All this was brought under State control, following in that the well-
known reasoning that, since the State is the expression of the people, return-
ing economic control to the sovereign people must of necessity involve putting
it under direct State control.

Ten Years Later, Economic Collapse...

Raw materials prices were relatively favorable during the years 1975 to 1978,
so that the new government did not become aware of problems until 1980. The
trade balance--which had a chronic deficit of about 10-15 billion Malagasy
francs (fmg) each year—has shown an annual deficit of 80-100 billion francs
since 1979. Inflation, which had been traditionally low except for brief
periods (10.9 percent per year from 1971 to 1974, for instance) has now reach-
ed 30-50 percent per year since 1981. And the public foreign debt has as-
sumed dramatic proportions: it now exceeds $1.5 billion for a gross national
product estimated at about $3 billion in 1984 (that year, the dollar averaged
a little over 600 fmg).

The main reason for this collapse has to do with the drop in agricultural
production which itself is the result of a price policy that systematically
penalizes farmers, and structural measures that generate irresponsibility and
corruption. In the case of food crops, especially rice, the most basic food
in Madagascar, the monopoly on collection and commercialization that was

given to State companies paralyzed the market. Private traders, mainly
Chinese and Indian, had exchanged the farmers' rice for consumer goods--making,
that is true, substantial profits--and the new State-owned companies proved
unable to replace them. Either through carelessness, or because of a lack of
means of transportation or available funds, and due to the continued deterio-~
tration of the road network which is no longer maintained, increasing quanti-
ties of rice were abandoned in rural areas, while the larger towns were sup-
plied with (poor quality) imported rice. Then, starting in 1980, prices too
got out of hand. Traditionally, the price of one kilo of rice was the equiva~
lent of one hour of work at the minimum wage. But in 1984, when the minimum
hourly wage was set at 107 fmg, rice would cost from 200 fmg (for imported and
rationed rice) to 300 fmg on the free market--rising to 500 fmg and over on
the grey market during the 4 to 5 months preceding the harvest of the new crop.
Similar observations could be made for wheat, corn, peanuts, cotton and tobacco.

As for exports of farm products, the State apparatus set up to collect these

products was so unwieldy that it had the same results, which were further com-
pounded by the nationalization of the coffee concessions that had belonged to

53



During the past 10 years the National Audio-visual Institute trained 1,200 ©
professional Africans in long courses of instruction. Since 1981, 1,350
people have taken short-term training courses, 250 of whom came from either
Arab or Latin American countries.

According to the audio-visual specialists, Africans are, it must be said,
very fond of sports programs as well long historic and modern series. The
American soap opera, "Dallas", has enjoyed great success.

In 1985, France provided the 21 African countries with whom she has
cooperation agreements in this sector a choice of transmissions and
international and African news, the latter through RFO [Overseas French Radio
and Television]. But the English- and Portuguese~speaking countries such as
Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya or Angola are also customers for programs teaching
French.

Instruments for internal propaganda, African radio and television, usually
government owned, attract interest from foreign countries which transmit to
African countries programs in French, English or Portuguese, whether from the
USA, the USSR or the RSA [Sports Broadcasting Network] (transmissions directed
to the Portuguese-speaking countries of West Africa). They are also ready to
offer aid services in this sector, the East Germans being considered as audio-
visual specialists by those countries claiming to be Marxist.

The African continent still does not offer television to everyone. Television
sets must be imported since assembly lines are rare, with the exception of a
country such as Nigeria which has an enormous internal market. But
individuals and communities, often with the help of the state, are organizing
themselves: community listening centers in Niger and Mali and group
subscriptions, especially since the borders are not secure and the prices vary
considerably from one country to another.

12308
CSO: 3419/586

15



Dr Adjei-Maafo pledged the government's support for the plans of the
mission to help increase rice production in the country.

The ledder of the mission, Mr J.C. Flinn of IRRI, said the scientific
mission is in the country in line with IRRI's effort to accelerate its
role in rice research and development in Africa.

The mission will during its 10-day tour of the country, explore the
country's potentiality in rice cultivation and irrigation.

Mr Flinn said a comprehensive report would be presented to the organisa-
tion's headquarters in Manila, Philippines, after the tour.

Dr Letitia E. Obeng, a trustee of IRRI, advised that the Institute of
Acquatic Biology invoived in all rice irrigation projects since bilharzia
is still common in the country.

cso: 3400/87

44


"OPERATION CUTLASS' A MILITARY READINESS SUCCESS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by Joe Bradford Nyinah]

[Text]

cso: 3400/90

AN impressive demons-
tration of the combat-
readiness of the
country’s Forces
to defend her from ag-

yesterday by a section
of the forces from the
nol jommand,

Theone-hundred-and-
fifty-strong contingent
who undertook the sees nd.

“Operation Cut-

”, a military exercise
began a fortnight ago to
test the ability of the na-
tion's forces ‘to discover
and destroy dissident posi-
tions, was drawn from the
Fourth Garrison in Kuma-
si and the Airborne Force
in Tamale. .

‘The infantry men from
the Fourth Gar.ison en-
gaged in camouflage and
concealment exercise while
the paratroopers demons-
trated how to land behind
enemy lines and recapture
occupied positions.

‘The Force Commander,
Major-General Arnold
Quainoo and other state
officials who were present
were impressed by the
promptness with which the
Airborne men arrived in
Kumasi.

Before their arrival the
Fourth Garrison men, .ca-
mouflaged with various

48

kinds of foliage to conceal
them among their green
surroundings, had taken
positions in the bush near
the Aerodrom:

The Aurbome men were
expected to at 1 p.m.
Butat three minutes tot the
time the drone of the Air
Force G552 aircraft rented
the air.

Another Air Force craft
had taken the Force Com-
mander into the air armed

with binoculars to monitor
the exercise closel

tracted to the scene by the
camouflaged Garrison
men.

In all. 31 men were
dropped from the aircraft
but what‘ fascinated the
crowd most was when one
airborne man landed on a
mango tree near the Aero-
drome.

‘The skill and expertise
with which the airman
paddled if to safety
clearly depicted that there
were really men behind the
December 31 process.

So when after the exer-
cise the Airborne men bro-
ke into a “Countrymen
‘don’t worry we shail
overcome” chorus, the
crowd apparently did not
take them for jokes.

JPRS=SSA=85~104
28 October 1985

GHANA


“We are already looking forward to the 1989 meeting. I would have liked to
see members of the International Games Committee meet every other year in
order to strengthen the relations existing between Indian Ocean islands."

Mr Ardon mentioned "a certain public" that was unable to overcome its partisan-
ship. "But," he went on, "we have already forgotten the unpleasant remarks
that we did not deserve."

Exemplary Hospitality

Mr Jean Andre Ndremanjary, the Malagasy minister of sports, said that Mauri-
tius did things in style when it organized the Second Islands Games. The
organization, he said, was perfect. The minister pointed out that the Games
went off well.

"Mauritian hospitality was exemplary. We felt it during our whole stay on the
island. The Mauritian public is very likable. It was there at all stages of
the Games. I do not think that you can say it was chauvinistic."

Friendship Games

Mr Paul Berenger, opposition leader: "Cooperation in the field of sports is
an important component of regional cooperation. The Games were friendship
games among the peoples of the region. Mauritius experienced a great moment
of national unity. Fortunately, this does not end with the Games."

Youth Festival

Lt Col D. Bhima, chairman of the Mauritius Football Association: "The Games
were a great success. We had the impression that Mauritius was living in the
present for a week. All this went too fast. These Games positively cemented
relations among Indian Ocean islands. They were a youth festival and they
sould go on. Waiting another four years is too long. Why not organize
soccer and athletics meetings, for instance every other year?"

A Challenge to Meet

Mr Ram Ruhee, secretary of the Mauritian National Olympic Committee and of
the International Games Committee: "Mauritius was faced with a challenge

and was able to meet it. We do not have to be ashamed of the Games organiza-
tion or of our athletes' performance. We should congratulate the prime minis-
ter and the minister of youth and sports for the total support they gave to
that event."

Satisfaction

The prime minister, Mr A. Jugnauth: "I am fully pleased with the way the Games
went off. All went well. The Mauritians behaved very well. These Games
should further consolidate the relations of friendship and cooperation among
Indian Ocean islands. The success of these Games exceeded our hopes and
sports have a promising future in Mauritius."

77



The importance of the theme of this conference, the first of its kind in
Africa,,is, in the words of the representative of the ehief of state, "to
legitimize the idea that the defense of national sovereignty and territorial
integrity no longer makes sense if it continues, by its financial
repercussions, to prejudice the economic, social and cultural progress of our
countries."

That is why, he emphasized, "the search for peace and security among African
nations would consequently profit if done within the context of promoting a
climate of understanding and mutual comprehension through practicing a
permanent good neighbor policy, and by resorting to the methodology of
peaceful resolution of differences and the acceleration of regional and sub-
regional economic integration."

Finally, he rejoiced in the upcoming creation of the United Nations Regional
Center for Disarmament, which represents a timely, historic initiative since
Africa happens to be [text missing]. Let us remember that, at another time,
at the suggestion of Togo, August 15 was named as the African day for
disarmament.

12308
cso: 3419/579

10


the completion of this process. Nevertheless, already at that time, the
conquered land possessed the main attributes of a modern nation; a central-
ized power, an administration, an army, a language and a culture.

Under these conditions, it is no wonder that colonization met with an increas-
ingly strong and well-organized resistance. It peaked in the armed uprising
of 1947, which was crushed by force (and internal quarrels) and probably
killed several thousand people, among civilians and among the military, al-
though no figure could ever be established. The independence obtained in

1960 answered the expectations of Malagasy nationalists only partially; at

any rate, the transition government of Philibert Tsiranana lasted too long.
Politically sovereign, the country remained economically dependent on its
former mother country, militarily and ideologically tied to the western bloc
and, in particular, culturally enslaved.

The May 1972 "revolution," originating in the academic world and soon taken
over by the vast majority of the population, revealed this profound dissatis-
faction. The slogan then was "Malagasification." The easy-going but weaken-
ed government of President Tsiranana resigned immediately after the first
acts of violence. At that moment, everything seemed possible. But the
people's enthusiasm lacked both a consistent political platform and leaders
to direct it. Left to its own devices, the "revolution" was taken over by
the army... Very soon, the old demons of division (among tribes, castes,
classes, etc.) and inefficiency regained the upper hand. Driven into power-
lessness, the head of the government, General Ramantsoa, resigned at the
beginning of 1975. He was succeeded by his popular. minister of the interior,
Colonel Ratsimandrava~-to the great displeasure of the former minister of
foreign affairs, Corvette Capt Didier Ratsiraka, representing a harder
ideological line. Six days after coming into office, Richard Ratsimandrava
was murdered under conditions that were never clarified. And the military di
rectorate that succeeded him brought Didier Ratsiraka to power, and he took
office on 15 June 1975.

Malagasy Socialism

A new era had thus begun. President Ratsiraka's decision to choose socialism
was defined in August 1975 in a Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution
(also called "Boky mena," the Red Book) and ratified the following December,
when a new constitution was also adopted and when Didier Ratsiraka was elect-
ed chief of state with a seven-year mandate. Presented as specifically Mala-
gasy, this socialism is inspired by familiar principles: it is resolutely
anticolonialist and antineocolonialist, and it advocates a dual revolution

of structures and mentalities aimed at establishing a new society that would
be both egalitarian and inspired by the Malagasy tradition.

More prosaically, this socialism wants to be the full and exclusive expression
of Malagasy nationalism, which justifies excluding from public life all those
that do not share its objectives: denounced as a reactionary and in the pay

of foreign powers, the opposition (whether real or potential) can have no
legal existence. This is why the National Front for the Defense of the Revo-
lution consists exclusively of political parties that claim allegiance to

the Charter. Very soon, however, the new party created by the president,

52



Borno Government Takes Over Rice, Semovita Sale

(NEW NIGERIAN, 12 Sep 85).... eee 90
Shake Up at National Steel Council
(Tawey Zakka; NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Sep 85).... 91

Telecommmications Limited Seeks New Energy Sources
(Chris Nnoli; DAILY TIMES, 14 Sep 85)...sseeccseeeseeceeces 92

New Approach To Counter Trade Business Called For
(SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Sep 85)....cccsecccceeccecrccceceeceeeees 93

Abacha Warns Army Officers To Stop Lobbying
(Sehinde Dagunduro; NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Sep 85).....s-eseeeeee 94

Engineers Call for Petroleum Corporation Overhaul
(DAILY TIMES, 13 Sep 85)....cessccccccccccccceccccncscecece 95

Three Senior Judge Advocates Sworn In
(Dom Ekpunobi; DAILY STAR, 11 Sep 85)...csssccesceceeceeees 96

Briefs
Air Force Explains Promotions 97
Paper Sponsors IMF Debate 97
Aviation Fuel Shortage 97
SENEGAL

Measures for Developing Fishing Industry Discussed

(Daouda Sow; LE SOLEIL, 3, 4 Sep 85).. wees seeceee 99
New Equipment Needed 99
Measures To Increase Production 100

Rural Tourism, Tourist Camps in Casamance
(Muriel Scibilia; LE MONDE, 17 Aug 85)....esssseeeereeceeeee 102

TOGO
Political Stability Ushers in 16th Anniversary
(Mawuko Akeutey; LA NOUVELLE MARCHE, 31 Aug 85).....-+eeeees 105
Briefs
Soviet Cement to Workers 107
New Appointments 107
ZAIRE

Tanganyika Regional Chief on Area's Progress
(Dinkulu Makonda Interview; MJUMBE, 30 Jul 85)....sereeseee 108


[Question] There is more and more persistent talk about the PMSD-Harish
Boodhoo axis. What do you think about that?

{Answer] It is not true. There is no PMSD-Boodhoo axis. The PMSD has very
good relations with him. He respects us and we respect him. It is
unfortunate that the MMM seeks to give him the "Hindu communalist" label. I
do not think that is true. The MMM is using Harish Boodhoo as a kind of
scapegoat. He has been credited with many unpleasant decisions.

Rodrigues: "More Must Be Done"

{Question] You pay special attention to Rodrigues Island, to the extent that
the leader of the opposition congratulated you on your speech to the
legislative assembly.

{Answer] I often go to Rodrigues for professional and political reasons. It
should not be forgotten that the PMSD won 38 percent of the vote in Rodrigtes
in the last elections. The PMSD electorate has not altered since then.
Rather, there have also been numerous new members. I believe that we now
control about 50 percent of the Rodrigues electorate.

[Question] Will the PMSD put up candidates in Rodrigues?

{Answer] Let us say, for the moment, that we will maintain our presence in
Rodrigues and that we will follow the Rodrigues situation. with interest. We
believe that if the MMM puts up candidates in Rodrigues, it will inevitably
take away from the Organization of the Rodrigues People (OPR). Rodrigues is
the poorest part of Mauritius. This situation must be remedied. The
government is certainly making efforts, but more must be done. Many
Mauritians do not realize that 80 percent of Rodriguans do not have drinking
water and electricity. In Rodrigues, one must also take into account high
population and very high cost of living. Very soon, a large PMSD delegation
will go to Rodrigues for a series of meetings and gatherings.

9920
CSO: 3419/564

69



JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

CHAD

UNIR CENTRAL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS SAID 'REALISTIC'
Ndjamena INFO-TCHAD in French 6 Sep 85 pp 2-6

[Text] The 80 members of the Central Committee of the Union for
Independence and Revolution (UNIR) who met with President Habre
for the movement's second regular session conducted a review, as
we reported earlier, of all aspects of our national life. Ina
plenary session during these past 3 weeks, as well as in working
commissions, they methodically proceded to a detailed evaluation
of the country's progress, of what has been done as well as what
remains to be done or improved. The recommendations passed by
this ranking political body reflect, at the economic, social, and
other levels, a constructive realism. They reflect the letter
and the spirit of admonitions by the President of the Republic,
who has constantly warned his fellow-citizens against the folly
of chasing after impossible dreams. The UNIR recommendations, es-
pecially at the economic level, were inspired by a speech from
the UNIR president and founder, who called for increased energy
in the work of recovery through a strenuous shakeup in government
management practices along with cost-efficient utilization of
human and material resources, while bearing in mind the need to
continue the good fight against slackness and corruption.

That discourse itself translates the way things are in the real
world. The UNIR CC members fully grasped its meaning, and set
forth specific points on each of its aspects explaining and justi-
fying its recommendations on economic, financial, and developmen-
tal issues. In their view, Chad is a country whose vocation is
essentially an agricultural and pastoral one, but it has been
forced by drought and famine to seek food assistance from outside.
As a result, self-sufficiency becomes a priority that can be
achieved if we use our water resources wisely and provide adequate
instruction and leadership to our farmers. From another angle, if
we are to collect our bills adequately and provide better distribu-
tion of the products of our factories to our people, we must regu-
late our domestic and foreign trade and do our utmost to stamp out
the widespread fraud that dangerously undermines our economy.

24


{answer] It is a already primarily a prestige post. We would not want the
prime minister's role to consist of inaugurations and elderly dinners. Sir
Gaetan Duval has enormous potential for doing positive and- constructive work
for the country. I should point out that Sir Gaetan Duval and Prime Minister
Aneerood Jugnauth have, since had meetings and that the situation has been
clarified. After August 1983, Sir Gaetan Duval had some special missions to
promote the image of Mauritius abroad and escpecially to attract investors.
Thus he should have a role that reflects his true value,

Relaxation

{Question] There has been a lot of talk recently about the budget and
everything has been said on that subject. Let us turn to the tone of the
speech of Paul Berenger, leader of the opposition, and the reply by the Prime
Minister. How are these two speeches analyzed in the PMSD?

[Answer] I must say that I was very surprised by the tone of the leader of
the opposition in Parliament. He had not made a speech that was so little
constructive since the last elections. A former Mauritian Militant Movement
(MMM) member now in the Mauritian Socialist Movement (MSM) member even said
that he had not heard Paul Berenger make such a speech since 1976. In his
response, the prime minister could only tell the truth.

[Question] An element of public opinion has it that the PMSD is a wing of the
MSM conducting a policy of permanent tension. Are you in favor of relaxation
or tension?

[answer] It is not in the interest of economic development for the country to
be in a permanent electoral campaign. What is needed is political stability,
which is the sole guarantee of social stability. I favor relaxation. It is
unfortunate that Paul Berenger attacks Gaetan Duval in every statement. Paul
Berenger has a grudge against the PMSD because we have almost the same
electoral constituency, for obviously when the PMSD gains it is the MMM that
loses. We are fully disposed to have civilized relations with the opposition,
but that does not settle matters while the MMM is systematically attacking the
PMSD. We are adversaries, not enemies. For example, on two occasions Paul
Berenger has refused to shake my hand. He did speak to me in 1982 when the
results were announced at Quatre-Bornes.

[Question] Do you have any apprehensions that a relaxation between the prime
minister and the opposition MMM might risk producing...

(Answer] Absolutely not. As recently as last week, the prime minister told
us that he keeps his word. He said he had a political contract with the PMSD
until 1988, and that it was his desire that the same alliance should
participate in the general elections in 1988.

PMSD New Look?
[Question] There is also an element of public opinion that associates the

PMSD with the hard blows of the government. That is, the government's tough
decision-making. To what degree is this opinion justified?

67



JPRS*SSA+85=104
28 October 1985

MALI

RELIEF ORGANIZATION FOR DROUGHT VICTIMS ESTABLISHED
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 4 Sep 85 p 9

[Text] On 22 August 1984 the secretary general of the party, president of the
republic, and Genéral of the Army Moussa Traore issued an appeal for national
solidarity for the benefit of our compatriots who are victims of the drought.
The members of the Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), responding to
this appeal and with the desire to support the efforts of the party and
government to end forever the harmful effects of drought, have established an
association called the "Malian Association of Volunteers to Help the People
Victims of Drought” with acronym AMAPS

The goals of this association are the following:

--To promote and carry out initiatives-to improve the living conditions of the
afflicted people,

--To undertake awareness and information campaigns in the afflicted areas and
send groups of volunteers composed of health, livestock, agriculture and
education specialists,

--To educate national and international opinion about the drought situation
that Mali is undergoing, and its disastrous consequences for the country's
economy,

--To provide all necessary support to the afflicted population to change the
attitudes of the nomadic peoples in the direction of conversion to other
economic activities such as agriculture or crafts,

--To encourage settling of the nomadic people and establishment of
cooperatives of farmers, craftsmen, stock-raisers, etc.

The honorary president of the AMAPS, whose headquarters is in Bamako, is Nok
Ag Atia, third vice chairman of the National Assembly, and its president is
Monamed Ben Baba Ahmed.

9920
CSO: 3419/602

60


This 12th anniversary of the creation of ICDCS affords an occasion
for an examen of conscience and for an honest and Courageous resump-
tion of dialogue with our partners, aimed at persuading them to
revise their policies by mutual consent. Why? Because the policy
and underlying philosophy of aid to the Sahel needs revision from
top to bottom if we want such exhortations as "Self-sufficiency in
food" and "struggle against desertification" to be more than a
meaningleslist of wishes.

At the same time, this 12th anniversary is the time to set about
our own self-criticism. We venture, to that end, to cast a criti-
cal eye on the way in which our common institution, ever since its
creation, has often been piloted and managed and which, unques-
tionably, has on occasion overloaded its credibility. Let us bear
constantly in mind -- today more than ever ~- that the ICDCS is
the child of suffering, and let us make it the theme that will
inspire a.new philosophical approach for it.

The truth is that the context of its birth haunts us still, 12
years after the fact, and that therefore we must overcome it,
whatever the cost. That concept scorns the easy way out, and in
its place ensconces rigor in the work ethic, a steely rigor that
will take the place of the manifold advantages ostensibly repre-
sented by our cadres from the international. organizations, drawn
from the hopeless desolation of the masses.

In this sense, the idea of reorganizing the ICDCS, adopted by the
latest extraordinary meeting of ministers at Niamey last May, is to
be encouraged, And if we are to arrive at such results, there must
be a pitiless scrutiny of the entire ICDCS system. No relenting.
The people of the Sahel are watching. Upon the seriousness and
dedication: with which the political leaders approach the issue
will depend the quality of the result as well as the final judgment
the people of the Sahel will pass upon them.

6182
cso: 3419/579

17



JPRS+SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

GHANA

LOCAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRY FIRM ON SALARY PAYMENTS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 17 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Joe Bradford Nyinah]

[Text] The Ministry of Local Government will not change its stand on the
payment of 50 percent of the salaries and allowances of council employees
by the various city and district councils.

Addressing a news conference in Accra yesterday, the Secretary for Local
Government, Mr F.A. Jantuah, said the claim by some councils that they

are not capable of meeting these commitments was due to financial mismanage-
ment and malpractices by these councils.

Citing a recent auditors’ report of the Kumasi City Council (KCC) to
support his claim, the Secretary disclosed that between February and
August 1984, the council made an overpayment to the tune of £1,173,524
on various contracts.

The Secretary said huge sums of monies were lost through the issue of false
certificates by Mr Anto Kwakwa, Principal Works Superintendent of the
council and these were approved by a former executive chairman of the
council.

Mr Jantuah said the council engaged’ contractors on various projects whilst
its carpenters, masons and other artisans remained idle and made purchases
without Local Purchase Orders (LPOs).

He said the council also violated contract procedures and disregarded
his ministry's directives in the award of 23 contracts worth more than
¢16 million.

Among other irregularities in the council, the Secretary mentioned the
disposal by public auction of the council's vehicles, plants and equipment
without authority from the ministry.

Mr Jantuah said he would present a copy of the report to the Office of the

Co-ordinator for Investigations, Vetting and Tribunals for the culprits
to be prosecuted if necessary.

34


European colonists. From then on, Madagascar was unable to honor the coffee
quotas allocated to it. Since its cloves find increasingly. fewer outlets in
Indonesia, which now grows its own, and since the demand for-vanilla is rela-
tively small, the country's main exports of foreign products have thus de-
clined appreciably. Last but not least, producer prices were systematically
kept very low, representing hardly one fourth of export prices, which resulted
in large clandestine exports whose main instigators were never taken to task
by the authorities, in spite of the much-publicized "vanilla trial" of 1984.

Similar problems plagued industrial policy. The only general census of the
country's population that was ever made, early in 1975, and whose results
have not all been published yet, indicates that there were about 70,000 fac-
tory workers (for a population totalling 6.5 million at the time). This is
evidence of the low rate of industrialization, which was timidly started in
the late 1960's and resumed in a disorderly manner in the late 1970's. The
investments made by the socialist regime were nearly all marked by inconsis-
tence and impracticality, reflecting the conditions under which they must
have been negotiated: poorly designed projects, such as the Andekaleka hydro-
electric dam which is still waiting for a plant (for instance a chromite-
refining plant) that would consume its power and make the project profitable;
poor site selection, as in the case of the two tanneries at Antsiranana (for-
merly Diego-Suarez) and Ambositra, or the fertilizer factory in the South;
overly sophisticated investments, such as the soybean processing plants
designed to produce oil in Antsirabe or milk near Ambatolampy; useless
projects, such as the third textile unit built at Toliara or the Morondava
sugar refinery, etc.

Meanwhile, older industries are working at only one third of their capacities
because they lack local or imported raw materials: this is the case of the
Antananarivo paper-mill and soap factory, the Antsirabe and Mahajanga textile
plants, and oil-mills and sugar factories throughout the country, with the
notable exception of breweries, however, which are the only sector in con-
tinued expansion. And if minimal production is still possible, it is essen-
tially because of the aid of France and, to a lesser extent, of the Inter-
national Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Economic Community.

... And Social Regression

The economic collapse then resulted in a rapid and massive improverishment
of the population, which was estimated at 10 million in 1985 (for a terri-
tory of 592,000 km2). In rural areas, where 80 percent of the Malagasy
people live, self-subsistence has become the rule again, malnutrition is
widespread, and famine is threatening whenever the rainfall is inadequate.
But rice alone is no longer enough, especially in areas where the rapid in-
crease of the population (+ 3 percent per year) is not compensated by simul-
taneous yield increases. And how could these be achieved when fertilizers
have disappeared from the market, when agronomic research (in particular

for seed improvement) is disorganized and inefficient, when ploughshares

are not to be found (but the State bought 1,200 Soviet tractors, most of
which were out of service within a year), when selling prices are ridiculous-
ly low, and when products as basic as oil, sugar, salt, candles, batteries,
fabrics and school notebooks are in scarce supply? This pauperization then

54


JPRS*SSA+85=104
28 October 1985

CST OFFICIAL REFUTES ARTICLE RAPPING UNION
Ndjamena AL-WATAN IN French 10 Aug 85 pp 7-9
[Article: "Right to Reply"]

{Text] The article published in our weekly No 330
dated 27 July, entitled "The Chadian Labor Union
Movement is Losing Momentum," aroused some echos in
union circles. The general secretary of the Chadian
Labor Union Confederation, for his part, chose to
exercise his right to reply, as he was entitled to.
However, we wish to make it clear that the weekly
AL-WATAN opens his columns-to any militant of our
movement wishing to express himself in the context
of the policy outlined by the government of the Third
Republic. Light will often spring out of useful
discussions and debates. In view of this, we feel
that we cannot condemn the article in question, and
what right would we have to do so? It is up to
union members to assess it, and you did just that.

Finally, we wish to point out that the right to reply
should not exceed 50 lines, no matter how long the
"controversial" article was.

"The Chadian Labor Union Movement is Losing Momentum"
took up only one and a half page in our columns.

In any democratic society, citizens have the right to express their point of
view. Plurality of opinion, when soundly exercised, can constitute a positive
factor in social life.

The Chadian Labor Union Confederation carefully read the article entitled
"The Credibility of the Chadian Labor Union Movement is Losing Momentum”
which was published in the 27 July 1985 issue of the great national weekly
AL-WATAN under the signature of Annour Djibrine Abdoulaye. In this article,
charges were made against the Chadian Labor Union Confederation (CST). To
defend itself, the CST is reacting, making use of its right to reply, in order
to clarify the confusion that the author of the article seems to be trying

to spread among labor circles.

20


ITALIAN COUNTERTRADE AGREEMENT HURTS DOMESTIC

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 16 Sep 85 p 3

[Text]

Cyraac Manutacturers
Nigeria Limited based
in Kano will stand to lose in
in Kano will stand to lose it
the government signs: its
proposed counter-trade
contract worth "800,000

with Italy. .
It he contract “is

German

series of duties payable to
the Italian authorities,
Company chairman and

(CMAN), Alhaji S. Umoru
has disclosed.

Speaking in: Kano
recently, Alhaji Umoru said
that the company had been
granted. the counter-trade

cso: 3400/85

Next year, we can-start the

processing of local gibson
deposits into the Plaster of
Paris, he further said.

According to ‘him,
Products of such process
would later be: “supplied: to
other ceramic sanitary were
manufacturers und cement
industries which are
presently importing gibson.

Alhaji Umoru further,
stated that since his
company lacks the Plaster
of Paria in stock, it has been
loading bricks into the “kill”
since the “kill” will collapse
if fired empty.

87

JPRS*SSA=85+104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA

Earlier, in a letter dated
August 8 to the Permanent
Secretary, Federal Ministry
ef Commerce’ and
industries, 1.D.C.C.
Division, Lagos the Ceramic

industry ‘to Nigeria’s
eeonomic recovery through
foreign exchange savings.
In the letter, the
association stated that
Nigeria would be. saving
4108,000 in foreign
exchange annually through
86.51 per cent local raw
materials sourcing in the
ceramic industry.
Moreover, the sum. of
N48:4m, N217.1m and
4397.9m would be saved
over a foreign exchange
requirement of 413.4m,
8G2.9m and N53.4m in 1985,
1986 and 1987 respectively.


CUSTOMS TO BE RESTRUCTURED

JPRS+SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Sep 85 pp 1, 4/5

{Article by Stephen Kofi Akordor]

[Text]

also the.
Economic Task Force, ob-
served that as one of the.
major revenue collecting
agencies of the nation, the
performance of the de-
partment in the past fell
short of expectation.

‘He said notwithstanding
the difficulties facing the
department. it is undeni-
able that the activities of
some unpatriotic and in-
di sciplined Personnel
withi lepartment
frustrated the efforts of the
committed and hardwork-
ing officers.

“By their acts of econo-
mic sabotage, they encou-
rage smuggling and em-

cso: 3400/87

THE PNDC has approved measures to res-:
tructure the Customs and Excise Depart-
ment to improve upon its performance and
enhance its capability to serve the public’
more efficiently.

As a first step, the department has now become
autonomous detached from the main stream of the Civil

‘Alhaji Iddriss Mahama, a member of the PNDC,

announced this when he delivered the keynote address at

the opening of the eighth annual delegates confereace of

the Customs and Excise Staff Association (CESA) at Ho
y. :

_He said the PNDC took the decision because of the

vital role the department is playing towards the achieve-

ment of the objectives of the Economic Recovery Pro-

fe noted that with i .

; at with its new role, a great responsibility
now lies on the personnel of the department. Farthermo.
re, it poses a great challenge to all whose responsibility it

bezzlement of funds which —_caited on the conference to
kee ely tere to the address itself to the issue of

‘Alhaji Mahama forging effective working
epflhait Mahama ware? relationship among the de-

fas no. room. for such: partment and other insti-

shady characters whose
sole aim is to amass ith
at the expense of the state.

“The new service needs a
new type of Customs offic-
ers imbued with a high de-
gree of integrity, dedica-
tion and commitment to
the cause of the revolu-
tion”, he emphasised.

He expressed the hope
that the conference will
seriously address itself to
the numerous problems
facing the department and.
submit proposals for elimi-
nating all the shortcom-

in
“Aihaji Mahama also

41

tutions, including the Cen-
tral Revenue Department,
Ministry of Trade and the
banking institutions.

‘The theme for the con-
ference is “The Customs In
A Reformation Process”.

Alhaji Dauda Otoo,
Controller of Customs and
Excise, urged personnel of
the department to justify
the confidence reposed in
them by increasing pro-
ductivity.

He said the time had
come for them to quantify
their productive efforts as
a justification for the ulti-
mate and continued exi-

stence of the Customs Pre-
ventive Service envisaged
in proposals submitted to
government.

He called on the confe-
rence to address itself to
the question of discipline
and cautioned that the de-
partment would no lon
tolerate the situation whe-
re the behaviour of a few
would drag the good name
of the rest in the mud.

Alhaji Otoo explained
that while taking steps to
ensure discipline within
the rank and file of the
staff, his administration, in
conjunction with the Na-
tional Executive of the
CESA has instituted a na-
tional award scheme to
honour outstanding per-
sonnel.



BABANGIDA CALLS ON ECOWAS TO STAMP OUT TERRORISM

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 11 Sep 85 pp 1, 17

[Text]

cso:

3400/83

; HESIDENT “Ibrahim

" Babangida has called
‘on’ member-states of the
Economic

Community of
West African States
(ECOWAS) to come

together and stamp out
terrorism within the sub-

pressed
‘Over acts of terrorism in
the sub-region and
commended tne Togo-
lese leader for efforts
in fining peacetul soutien
to the problems. of

disappointment

and we will give our full
support to your country.”

Continuing, the President

sated that Nigeria, as a
country, was

not in support of arson and

82

destruction to lives and
property.

"He told the envoy that-
Nigeria would call for a
-quadripatite _ ministerial
meeting af the sub-regiofi
“aa soon as things wete
settled.”

Earlier, a Togolese
minister, Mr. Barke, had
briefed President
Babangida of the “act of
sabotage being ‘perpetrated
by some elements believed
to be ‘illegal aliens from a
neighbouring country”

He added that explosives
being planted by these
aliens had already damaged
some important buildings ir
«the Togolese capital.

‘The envoy noted that the

-task ahead of President

Babangida was enormous,
but expressed the hope that
as the chairman of the
ECOWAS, the President
would be in a better
position to find a lasting
solution to the problems
facing his country.

Mr. Barke also callec on
the Nigerian government tc
assist his country in fin ling
solution to its. interna
problems, “adding that his
country had great regard
for Nigeria.

JPRS*SSA*85*°104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA


pressure. With the exception, however, of one sector: Christian churches,
which represent half of the Malagasy. With smoothly run organizations that
cover the whole territory, these churches have denounced on several occasions
the evils that plague the country and the people. In addition, they have come
closer to one another since 1980, in the FFKM (Federation of Christian church-
es of Madagascar), whose influence can no longer leave the government indif-
ferent. They seem determined to use it: in spite of measures of intimidation,
the voice of the Malagasy bishops was just heard on two occasions since the
beginning of the year, to denounce with surprising firmness the evils that
affect the country.

Is the situation deadlocked for good? Everything indicates that it is, al-
though unforeseeable events cannot be ruled out either. In any case, Malagasy
socialism as it has been practiced for the past 10 years does not seem capable
of regenerating itself. To do so, and to regain its credibility, it would at
least have to agree to a measure of pluralism of opinions, in particular as
far as information is concerned, and to a minimum of autonomy in the manage-
ment of the economy. All things that are unthinkable, as they would endanger
its very existence. That leaves one unknown: popular (or military?) reac-
tions to practices that so obviously violate the national conscience and the
culture of a people strongly attached to its traditions. And, in particular,
the Malagasy like the Africans know how to take their time: peoples always
survive their leaders.

9294
CSO: 3417/557

59



RAINFALL FIGURES UP, BOOSTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 16 Sep 85 pp 1, 24

[Article by Dapo Ajibola]

[Text]

FATISTICAL figures of

infall in Nigeria bet-
ween January and July
showed that there was re-
markable improvement in this
year's performance over that
for the same period last year
in the- southern parts, the
northern parts performance
was below the figures for the
same period of last year. -

Abreakdown of the figures
revealed that most ot the early
rains of the year occurred
between latitudes 4 and 8
degrees north of the equ-
‘ator with amounts * ranging
from 2.30'milimetres (mm)
to. 5 mm.

From January to March, in
the South distribution was
sporadic while in April,
rainstorm intensity exceeded
6omm per hour in most
cases. Compared with last
year's figures and the
expected values for the
equivaient period; the rains
in the first’ tour months,
although showed
improvement over that of !ast
yaar it still fell below normat
values.”

Inthe south-western areas
rains performance during the
period under review showed
the cumulative figures as
being siianty better than the
1984 tigures.

83

For example, the Ibadan
station-recorded 961.5 mm ir

1985 against the 788.6 mm of

1964 and below the figures of
about 2,000 mm normal.
Froms Akure station 943.5
was recorded against 936.1
mm for 1984. From Warri
1,676.4 mm against. the
1,842.6 mm of 1984 and the
4,000 mm normal.

In the south--Eastern areas
where the rains were
heaviest, Calabar recorded
1,767.5mm against 1.313mm
of 1984 and a normal of about
4,500mm .

Port Harcourt recorded
1,143.9 mm against 608.2mm
in 1984 and a normal of about
4,100mm and Onitsha
recnrded 1.152.2mm aaainst
the 1.000.3mm of 1984.

In the northern states, that
is, central region areas and
semi arid sahel areas, rains
did come early this year
(starting by March) but they
recorded below normal.
The performance of rainfalt
in ‘the Sahel semi arid
areas was poor. These area
inciude Sokoto, Kano, Borno
some parts. of
Gongola and Kaduna states.
‘The figure recorded in the
‘only three days of rain in May

JPRS=SSA=85+104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA


To return to the values cited. earlier, three are at least worth mentioning.

The first value concerns the constructive spirit which characterizes both boy
and girl scouts that have temporarily taken up residence in Kongolo. It is
true that a-great people is always a constructive people. When young people
show a propensity to modify the environment in a positive fashion, for the wel-
fare of all, one can only predict a secure future for the nation.

The second value relates to the age-old solidarity which the party head has
re-established among our people and which should help create a nation where
contradictions among members of the national community would be an opportunity
to demonstrate this obvious fact, namely, unity within diversity. Finally, the
third value is linked to the revolutionary enthusiasm which makes great men.
Lukewarm, and therefore, people have always been composed of unenthusiastic men.
Thus enthusiasm is a guarantee of success and it is safe to say that the pioneers
based in Kongolo will be worthy of their country.

Under the circumstances, we feel that all those who established them deserve

plaudits--both the regional authority and the Shaba~JMPR officials. In this
case especially, there is absolutely no room for...false modesty!

9825
CS0:  3419/570

118


JPRS*SSA*85=104
28 October 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

SHABA DEAD HONORED—-As everywhere in Zaire, Shaba devoted yesterday morning to
meditation in memory of our dead. Oddly, in Lubumbashi this great ceremony was
presided over by the regional chairman of the MPR[expansion not given] and region-
al governor, Citizen Duga Kugbe Toro, at Sapins Cemetery. Several personages
joined the activists to perform this noble duty. Among these personages we
noted the presence of the members of the MPR Central Committee, the people's
commissars present in Lubumbashi, the members of the regional and urban com-
mittees, those of the standing committee of the regional assembly and a delega-
tion of expatriots living in Lubumbashi. The efforts made in Salongo every Satur-
day permitted activists as well as all foreign activists who live in

Lubumbashi to meditate on the graves of their families shortly after the cere-
mony. In his speech for the occasion, the acting commissar of Lubumbashi,
Citizen Lufunisabo Bundoki, rendered stirring homage to the father of the nation
for having decided to again set value on an important African concept in con-
nection with our philosophy of turning to authenticity. This African concept

is the one that underlines in letters of gold the fact that "our dead are not
dead." Then the regional MPR chairman and regional governor laid a spray of
flowers on the tomb of the late Kayowa wa Kadima,the former assistant zone com-
missar, who died in 1978. [Excerpt] [Lubumbashi MJUMBE in French 2 Aug 85

pp i, 8) 11466

CZECH MEDICAL AID--Assembled for a special session presided by the regional
president, citizen Kabila Mulongo, members of the Red Cross/Shaba regional
office officially accepted an important shipment of medicines, a gift of the
Czech Red Cross. The people's commissioner, Mulonfo Mwepu Kazembe, second
national vice-president of the Zairian Red Cross, presented this important
shipment of pharmaceutical products last July 25. The ceremony was held in the
Red Cross office. The members of the Red Cross regional office heartily
thanked the Czech Red Cross for having thought of the rural population of the
Upper Lomami sub-region. It was decided during the same session to dispatch
these products to their destination for the benefit of the population concerned.
[Excerpt] [Lumbumbashi MJUMBE in French 30 Jul 85 pp 1, 85] 9825

cso: 3419/570 END

121



All Chadians must take the utmost advantage of this fine season,
with plenty of rainfall, to win back our lost lands by planting
lots and lots of trees. -In his address to the nation on 2 August
the tead of state intended, by calling on the nation, "to stress
our common determination to take a firm, courageous stand from now
on against this typical pattern of natural aggression: desertifi-
cation with its corollary of deforestation. "

"For a whole decade, drought has systematically decimated all that
lives in Chad; sparing no species -- animal, vegetable, or human --
and in so doing has implacably punished Chad's people already sorely
tried by war and chronic under-development, said the Chief of state:
"El-Hadj Hissein Habre has been quick to alert the people to the
phenomenon and its spread. This is why he had to declare for all
to hear that the situation is the Sahel is indeed this alarming and
the international community increasingly sensitive to the problem
decided that the question must be raised at numerous conferences

and proclaimed 1985 the International Year of the Forest."

The President's appeal did not fall on deaf ears and the activist
people of the capital responded fully to it. That is how it came
about that these 24,000 trees were planted in less than a single
week. They are now. asking for more seedlings so they can continue
the operation. However, the people at the top in the Waters and
Forests Ministry preferred to focus the operation on equally ready
and willing peasant populations. Accordingly, they distributed
60,000 seedlings to the people of Karal, Manille, and several loca-
lities in the rural Sub-prefecture of Chari-Baguirmi. In other
words, our people have been totally mobilized.

It is, however, not enough to go out and plant trees. The problem
arises when it comes to maintaining them. Here again, the Tourism
Waters, and Forests Ministry has made all appropriate plans --
barring another siege of inadequate rainfall. Anyhow, for the
time being more than 500 workers have been recruited with the help
of the World Food Program (PAM), which stepped in through its
Food for Work distribution plan, since the government lacks funds
to pay these workers.

Their assignment is to water and weed these seedlings at the proper
intervals. Four varieties have been selected for planting: the
Kaya senegalensis (cail-cedrat or mourai),Azadiracta indica (nime),
and Prosopsis juliflora (sempervirens), all evergreen species.
These trees are now planted along the Avenue Gaourang (Canal Saint-
Martin in N'Djamena). ‘

In the opinion of the director-general of the Ministry of Tourism,
Waters, and Forests, Mr Ali Ngaram, "National Arbor Week" | which he
sees as the simplest possible way to restore our country's forests,
is an operation crucial to Chad's survival in its battle against
the encroaching deserts. If this operation is to succeed, it must
not stop here. According to Mr Ngaram, every citizen of Chad, re-
gardless of his social standing, must spontaneously do his part in

28


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28 October 1985

GHANA

RICE FARMERS TO RECEIVE ASSISTANCE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 19 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] The government will give every assistance to rice farmers to
increase production, Dr I.K. Adjei-Maafo, Secretary for Agriculture,
stressed in Accra yesterday.

He noted with regret that as of now, the country produces only 30 percent
of the total rice requirement forcing the government to import about 86,000
tonnes to supplement local production.

Dr Adjei-Maafo was speaking to a 10-member commission from the International
Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the West Africa Rice Development Associa-
tion (WARDA), the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
and the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) which called on him
at his office.

He said the government was doing all it could to increase rice production
under its Economic Recovery Programme.

"Rice is one of the most important staples in the country and is even
preferred to maize by the majority and the government has seen the need
to intensify its efforts to increase production in order to save foreign
exchange used for its importation," Dr Adjei-Maafo stressed.

Dr Adjei-Maafo said 40 percent of the government's expenditure on agri-
culture is spent on irrigation to encourage rice production and to shift
the over-reliance on the cultivation of the unpredictable "rain-fed" rice.

He criticised the recent World Bank report which classified rice farming
in the country as not being viable because of the cost involved in irriga-
tion.

Dr Adjei-Maafo explained that if this were so, there would not have been
a 65 percent shift from maize to rice farming.

He announced that the government has provided more funds for research into

rice cultivation at the Nyankpala Agriculture Station adding that the
government would soon come out with an agriculture research programme.

43



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JPRS+SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

GHANA.

MILITIAMEN TO RECEIVE WEAPONS TRAINING TO CURB SMUGGLING
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 14 Sep 85 p 8

[Text]

A CRASH programme to train militiamen throug-
fhout the country in weapon handling will start
before the major cocoa season begins, Brigadier A.
N. Tehn-Addy, Commander and Chairman of the
Civil Defence Organisation (CDO), announced at
Hohoe on Thursday. .

Addressing militiamen in the Hohoe and Jasikan,
districts of the Volta Region, Brigadier Tehn-Addy said’
after the training, weapons would be issued out to the
militiamen 49 combat cocoa smuggling in-an anti-cocow
smuggling operation which starts from next month to
Aprii next year.

Brigadier Tehn-Addy, however, warned that the wea-
pons would be issued only for self-defence and the CDO
would not toler:te their indiscriminate use.

“Weapon carrying is a heavy responsibilit:
licence to kill since any bullet used would
accounted for,” he added. .

Relationship
__ Brigadier Tehn-Addv noted that the task cf militiamen
isa noble one and advised them to comport themselves as.
responsible citizens to bring about improvement in
relations between the police, military and the general
public. :

He advocated joint operations of the Police, Armed:
Forces and the public to ensure mutual trust,
operation and unity which are necessary for the stabili
of the country,

Brigadier Tehn-Addy described the militiamen as
modern “Asafo” companies or genuine patriots who must
be concerned with the welfare of their communities.

“You must do away with slogan shouting and engage in
development programmes which would generate income
for development and offer leadership in environmental
development such as communal labour,” he said. — GNA

cso; 3400/88

37



JPRSSSA~85~104
28 October 1985

Accordingly, citizen Duga invited the youth of Shaba to insure the country's
future by contributing to the preservation of peace. In this respect, he said,

"You, as young people, must be the eyes and ears of the founding president of
the MPR State-Party." |

During their stay in Kongolo, which should last approximately one month, the
boy and girl scouts of the Shaba-OEZA will undertake the maintenance of public
buildings, the construction of a party temple, the renovation of a few brigades
and roads serving farm areas and the construction of two classrooms and a dis-
pensary. In addition to building a senior citizens home, the pioneers will
construct a 13 ton metal bridge in the Katanga region...

Papa Duga, who promised a bonus to the sub-camp which earned the highest badge
in the work camp, presented the sum of 60 thousand zaires to the organizers
during the session: 50 as the regional authority's contribution and 10 for the
girl's sub-camp.

In conclusion, the regional governor and his entourage visited the different
work-projects being carried out by the young people as well as the different
sub-camps, which group the young people according to sex, town and native sub-
region. The regional governor returned to Lumbumbashi yesterday.

Kongolo: Young People Set the Example
Lumbumbashi MJUMBE in French 30 Jul 85 pp l, 8

(Text]

[Editorial] The idea that it is adults, with their greater experience of life,
who should set the example for young people is a well-established notion. It
is true that wisdom, considered the appanage of the adult years, is of no value
unless it is accompanied by concrete example. For this reason, pedagogues have
said that an example is the best lesson we can give a child. Obviously, this
Means the adult is a model for young people, a model for living, of course, but
more importantly, a model of a life worthy of being lived. This is the crisis
of modern, western societies, whose young people question the soundness of
their elder's values.

Therefore, against all expectations, we find the youth of Zaire, specifically
the youth of Shaba, setting out to prove that "value is not determined by the
number of years." There is no question that there are genuine values worth
drawing attention to hearts of the 1,700 pioneers who have invaded Kongolo to
devote themselves to public works.

The regional governor, citizen Duga Kugbe Toro, was well aware of this, and he
officially congratulated them for the revolutionary enthusiasm they displayed

in accepting this mission. This represents a real mission, one which the
Authentic Zairian Revolution, under the direction of field marshal Mobutu Sese
Seko, assigned to all youth of the People's Revolutionary Movement, namely, par-
ticipation in the building of the nation. This entails preparing to take over
the reins and preparing for the future.

117


JPRS=SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

BURKINA

ICDCS EVALUATED AFTER 12 YEARS; REORGANIZATION CALLED FOR

Quagadougoui SIDWAYA in French 9 Sep 85 p 1
[Editorial comment on ICDS ]

[text] On 12 September 1973, when the political leaders of what
used to be Upper Volta, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Mauritania, and Chad
gathered in Ouagadougou and established the [permanent] Interstate
Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel (ICDCS), what they did
was perceived as a decision to fight back against nature's adver-
sity. And rightly so.

Since then two other states (Cape Verde and Gambia) have joined
that small band of the original six to devise battle-plans in
concert. The international community immediately gatheréd at the
patient's bedside, in the form of such agencies as the Sahel Club,
the EEC, and the Industrial Cooperation Organization (OCI).

Twelve years later, the yellowing aid records tell us that since
1975, $11 billion have been pumped into the Sahel. The verdict

is that, paradoxically, the people of the Sahel are no better off.
That is disturbing. When we look closely at the overall aid struc-
ture, we find that for every $100 granted to the Sahel countries
in 1983 and 1984, 37 percent went to pay for non-project opera-
tions ($13 for technical assistance, $11 for help with the balance
of payments), 25 percent for agriculture and cattle raising, of
which only 4 percent went to the dry-field food crops that feed

90 percent of the Sahel's people, and 2 percent to ecological

and environmental projects.

These figures are food for thought, and raise a cloud of questions.
In truth, did that aid really work to succor the victims of the
Sahel tragedy? There is room for doubt. And the ICDCS, 12 years
later, is still blazoning its ill-founded banners exhorting us to
"produce or perish."

The fact of the matter is that, instead of perishing because it
failed to produce, the community of 30 million souls that teems

in the Sahel is drowning, its head barely high enough above the
water to keep from sinking. As a consequence, what has been crea-
ted in the Sahel is a welfare mentality, one that has perilously
degraded and undermined any notion of independence.

16


JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

SAHEL INSTITUTE DIRECTOR DISCUSSES PROJECTS, FINANCING
Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 11 Sep 85 p 9

[Interview of director of the Sahel Institute by Cesaire Pooda; date, place
not specified] ~

[Text] After the interview of the general director of the
AGRHYMET Center in yesterday's SIDWAYA, today we publish an
interview with the director of the Sahel Institute (INSAH)
based at Bamako in Mali, under the responsibility of Thomas
Ruben, of Gambian nationality.

Question: What is the reason for the Sahel Institute?

Answer: After the severe drought: that hit the Sahel countries at the
beginning of the 1970's, they organized into an Interstate Committee for
Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS), whose executive secretariat is in
Quagadougou. Then, some time later, the CILSS council of ministers decided to
establish two specialized institutions, the AGRHYMET Center based in Niamey,
devoted to agrometeorological research, and the Sahel Institute located in
Bamako.

The latter's role is collection, analysis and dissemination of research
results, coordination of research programs, transfer of technology, and
training of technicians. In a word, the CILSS was established to help achieve
through research the main objectives set by the CILSS, that is, combat of
desertification and achievement of food self-sufficiency.

Question: Since the role of the Sahel Institute is to help achieve food self-
sufficiency and to participate in combating desertification, has your
institute had some effect in these two struggles?

Answer: The Sahel Institute is participating in a large number of regional
projects. First of all, the regional project for improving millet, sorghum,
niebe and maize, with participation by the eight CILSS countries. Its
objective is to identify the varieties of grain that are best adapted to our
various ecological zones and distribute them for testing in the countries

The project is financed by the European Development Fund and has been underway
for 4 years. Today, we have reached the stage where the institute is able to

11



GECAMINES Statistics for 1979-83 Released .
(Mfuamba Tambue;. MJUMBE, 29 Jul 85).....ssecessaseeeeeees

1982-83 Farm Figures for Lualaba Given
(Mufindu Makaya; MIUMBE, 2 Aug 85)....esececceceeeeececee

Kongolo Youth Camp Activities Discussed
(MJUMBE, 30 Jul 85)..

Governor Duga Visits Kongolo Camp, by Senga Lokavu
Kongolo: Young People Set the Example

13th Anniversary of Gendarmerie Marked
(Editorial, Magaribi Luzinga; MJUMBE, 2 Aug 85)..........

Briefs

Shaba Dead Honored
Czech Medical Aid

111

114

116

116

117

119

121
121



JPRS*SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

TOGO

BRIEFS

SOVIET CEMENT TO WORKERS--Yesterday afternoon, the Labor Exchange was the scene
of a ceremony at which the Central Soviet Trade Union Council (CCSS) presented
the National Confederation of Togolese Workers (CNTIT) with 1,000 tons of cement.
The gift symbolizes the good relations of friendship and cooperation linking
the two organizations. In making the presentation, Serge Chaverdian, Soviet
ambassador to Togo, expressed the hope that "this gift will help the noble
cause of workers’ education, which is part of the building of the new united
and solidarity Togo, under the clear-sighted leadership of the president and
founder of the RPT [Togolese People's Rally], Gen Gnassingbe Eyadema. On be-
half of his country, the Soviet ambassador praised the efforts of the Togolese
president on peace, national solidarity and political stability, the indispen-
sable conditions of socioeconomic development. He expressed his happiness at
seeing that the USSR and Togo have similar views on all problems of strengthen-
ing international peace and cooperation. In response to the Soviet ambassador,
the secretary general of the CNIT, Nangbog Barnabo, thanked the Central Soviet
Trade Union Council on behalf of the Executive Committee of the CNIT and all
Togolese workers for this important aid, which will be used wisely, he said.
After a brief review of previous gifts our country has received from the

USSR, the secretary general of the CNIT expressed the hope that the bonds of
cooperation, friendship and solidarity between the CNIT and the CCSS will con-
tinue and be strengthened in a spirit of peace, [Text] [Lome LA NOUVELLE
MARCHE in French 6 Sep 85 pp 1, 7] 11,464

NEW APPOINIMENTS~-By written order of the president of the republic: Capt Mad-
ji Kodjo Ayassou, officer of the Gendarmerie and previously prefect of Tchamba,
is hereby appointed director of national security, replacing Kodjo Assinguime.
Bassouma Lamboni, police commissioner, is hereby named first deputy to the
director of national security. Lt Pitalou-Ani Laokpessi, officer of the
Gendarmerie, is hereby named second deputy to the director of national secur-
ity! By another written order of the president of the republic: Nangbog Barna-
bo, bank official, is hereby named general director of the National Social
Security Fund, replacing Kwassivi Kpetigo. [Text] [Lome LA NOUVELLE MARCHE

in French 21 Aug 85 p 1] 11,464

CSO: 3419/578

107



JPRS+SSA*85~104
28 October 1985

MAURITIUS

PMSD SECRETARY GENERAL ON PARTY'S EVOLUTION
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 22 Jul 85 p 5

[Interview of Marc Hein, PMSD secretary general, by Finlay Salesse; date,
place not specified]

[Text] [Question] At its last congress the Mauritian Social Democratic
Movement (PMSD) gave the impression of having regained energy. What has been
its development since then?

{answer] It is true that the congress enabled the PMSD to regain its breath,
and in this spirit we took the decision to install new structures. Thus, we
established a national executive with a delegate for each regional committee
by district, including Rodrigues, of course. In turn, each regional committee
is composed of 15 members representing the regions in the district. We also
have seats reserved in the national committee for youth, women and trade
unions. For the present, we are giving priority to the towns in view of the
coming municipal elections, though without forgetting the rural regions. The
congress enabled the PMSD to relaunch its activities in all sectors; it
restored confidence to the supporters by giving them more motivation. For the
present, for lack of financial means, we have not been able to open a central
office in Port-Louis.

Deputy Prime Minister: Prestige Post

{[Question] This congress also enabled the PMSD supporters to make certain
requests, among others that the function of the deputy prime minister be
redefined. Was this indicative of a degree of irritation?

[Answer] Contrary to what has been said thus far, we have not ealled for
increasing the powers of the deputy prime minister. We have asked that the
role of the deputy prime minister be defined. We should know what he has the
right to do or not to do. At present, the deputy prime minister is only a
permanent acting prime minister.

[Question] Would you have wished the PMSD to have a role more in accord with
the prestige of your leader?

66


We are not going to engage into a dead-end controversy, far from it--although
the deliberately accusing tone of the article, written with some zeal and
whose instigators are easy to guess, seems to invite us to do just that;
however, at an informal extraordinary meeting, the executive bureau of the
CST decided to answer the following points: 1) The author of the article
"starts" his statement right away with accusations. As is done with accusa-
tions, no precise example is given to support his theory that the Chadian
Labor Union Movement is losing momentum.

Probably to conceal his notorious anti-labor-union feelings, the author saw
it fit to make this monstrous statement: "The Chadian labor union movement
is now going through particularly bad times that are not ‘the result of its
history, its traditions or what is happening in the country. It is plagued
essentially by the division of workers through existing labor union organ-
izations." However, the author of the article does not state explicitly
how this division of workers materializes in actual fact. Simce the advent
of the Third Republic, workers have always celebrated May faytogether, ir-
respective of any labor union differences.

For its part, the CST feels that the young Chadian labor union movement does
not deserve so much criticism, since it has just emerged for good in New Chad
and is in the process of establishing its structures. In spite of its young
age, it has already completed many structuring projects: rebuilding of the
Ndjamena Labor Exchange that had been destroyed during the fighting; actual
start-up of several village-cooperative projects. In its commitment to na-
tional reconstruction, the young labor union movement contributes through the
CST to help those of our compatriots that were displaced by war and natural
disasters, with a gift of 50,000 tons of food to the victims of disasters,
food offered to Chadian workers by their comrades from abroad. Still in the
context of national solidarity, our Labor Union Organization has lent four

of its heavy-duty trucks to those in charge of reaching isolated areas of -
our country, to distribute food to the geographic Ouaddai, to the BET [Borkou-
Ennedi-Tibesti] and to the Guera, from 1983 to this year, 1985. Our organiza-
tion is continuing its program for future social and community programs. The
author's opinion that we are losing sight of workers' rights, therefore ap-
pears to us unjustifiably rabid, although this may be merely the result of
precipitate writing.

The author of the article speaks of disorganization in labor union demands.

He displays an unbelievable ignorance of the suits won by our Labor Union -
Organization against dishonest employers. 2) as far as it is concerned, the
CST does not believe that an "hegemonic orientation of labor union activities"
can be effective. It can absolutely not feel concerned by the accusation
made in the article in question, for it is working and will work to unite
workers and reconstruct devastated Chad. In international forums, where it
was invited on several occasions, as well as at home, its language has always
been that of responsibility in labor union action, to ensure that Chadian
workers fully participate in the liberation of their country. How many meet-
ings has it not organized since 1982, where the leading theme was the unity
of Chadian workers! And what should we say of the workers' demonstrations

of May Day1985, during which thé leading representatives of the working masses
denounced Libyan militarism in Chad through a protest march? Is that not a

21



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Recommendations On Education, Communication and Motivation

The Central. Committee :

1.

Recommends raising the level of teacher recruitment and enhan-~
cing the dignity of the teaching profession by creating condi-
tions designed to attract people to that career, including a
special status for teachers.

Recommends that the government pursue and intensify its policy
of teacher-training at all levels.

Recommends that the government take exceptional and appropriate
emergency mieasures to help children of displaced populations.

Recommends that the government solicit the attention of the
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in order to expand their assistance to these populations;

Recommends that the government remain cognizant of State prio-
rities in awarding grants and in monitoring their use.

Recommends that the government encourage scientific research
(basic and applied), provide existing facilities with men and
money, and establish a national research institute.

Recommends that government introduce instruction’ in civics at
all levels through synchronizing the school system with the
new political, economic, social, and cultural orientation of
the Third Republic.

Recommends that government pursue and intensify literacy cam-
paigns.

Recommends that government exercize judgment in sélection and
vigilance in monitoring films and increase its audio-visual ac-
tivities and production of documentary films dealing with great
national events all over the country.

6182

cso: 3419/597

26


JPRS*SSA~854104
28 October 1985

" NIGERIA

ENGINEERS CALL FOR PETROLEUM CORPORATION OVERHAUL

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 13 Sep 85 p 1

‘[Text] The Nigerian Society of Engineers has called for the restructuring

of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) "to enhance profitability,
efficiency and dynamism rather than the present premium on quota."

In addition, the NNPC should be headed by compotent and experienced COREN
registered engineer in oil technology.

The call was contained in a sixteen-point communique issued by the society
after its seminar on "the Petrochemical Industry and the Nigerian economy."

The society also stressed the need by government to always site petro-
chemical projects based on thorough feasibility study, rather than senti-
ments by "powerful" individuals or on tribal considerations.

The communique also said Petrochemical plants must be handled exclusively
by competent ‘and experienced Nigerians, stressing that Nigeria could only
be developed by Nigerians.

Emphasis

It emphasised that the chief executives of government-owned oil companies
should not be allowed to stay in their positions for more than five
years while the companies’ accounts should be audited yearly and all
personnel should go on leave yearly.

On the press side, the communique stated that all advertisements for

companies to work with the government on petrochemical plants should
appear in local dailies and not in Financial Times or London Times.

cso: 3400/82

95



NEW CRIMINAL DIVISION CREATED FOR SUPREME COURT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Sep 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

3400/81

A NEW criminal division has
been created in the Supreme
Court of Nigeria to hasten the
trial of murder cases on appeal,
the retiring Chief Justice of
Nigeria, Justice Sodeinde
Sowemimo announced in Lagos
Wednesday.

Justice Sowemimo who was
visiting the Kirikiri Maximum

Security Prisons as part of his
farewell tour of the Lagos
judiciary, said that it was “‘ter-
ible” to have as many as 17
murder cases awaiting trial in
one prison.

He expressed concern over tlie
number of remand cases in
prison, which according to prison
Officials, was 528 for the year
1984/85.

He was told that there were 200
murder cases: awaiting trial in
both the Court of Appeal and the
Supreme Court, as well as those
convicted and were awaiting the
decision of the-state governor.

The Chief Justice was also told
that there were about 2,324 in-
mates at the maximum security
prisons, a number which prison
authorities said was more than
the capacity of the prison.

88

JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA


BADEA Activities in 1985

In issue number 91.(May/June 1985) of the ACP-CEE journal LE COURRIER, the
following information was given concerning BADEA's activity in 1985.

It was learned in April in Accra that the new financial commitments of the Arab
Bank for African Economic Development total $38.8 million, which will be used
for development projects in Africa.

According to a report published in the Ghanaian capital and according to BADEA's
president, Chedli Ayari, the Bank's new financial commitments were decided upon
during its 32nd ordinary meeting, which took place in December 1984 in Khartoum
(Sudan).

BADEA decided to grant $8 million:torural development in Benin. Four million
dollars will be used to expand and modernize the international airport in Bangui
(Central African Republic). Equatorial Guinea will receive $2.8 million to
increase its production of cocoa and a $15 million loan will allow Zambia to
improve its highways.

According to the report, loans granted by the Bank during fiscal year 1984
totaled $87.81 million, and its assistance to African countries between 1975
and 1984 was $884.413 million (an amount which includes the emergency supplemen-
tary aid of $214.244 million supplied between 1974 and 1977 by the Special Arab
Assistance Fund for Africa [FASAA], which has been part of BADEA since 1977).

A new loan of $9 million granted to Ghana by BADEA will be used to renovate
two of the largest wood and plywood factories in the country. Wood provides a
major share of receipts coming from Ghanaian exports.

At the end of 1984 financial commitments of the Bank to Ghana totaled $31.73
million. Earlier loans included $5 million for improving the cacao plantations
in Ashanti (south-central portion of the country) in 1975 and $10 million for
the hydroelectric project in Kpong (south-east section of the country) in 1977.

Ghana also received one-third of a $10 million supplementary loan granted by

the Bank in 1975 for the Cement Company of West Africa (CIMAO) project, in which
the Ivory Coast and Togo participated, and, the same year, emergency assistance
of $4.4 million. Between 1975 and 1983 this country received total Arab aid

of $314.6 million.

9720
CS0:3419/582



JPRS+SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

ABACHA WARNS ARMY OFFICERS TO STOP LOBBYING

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Sep 85 p 9

[Article by Sehinde Dagunduro]

[Text]

cso:

re!
Major General Abacha said the
recent change in government will
certainly necessitate the
redeployment some officers

3400/82

94

“It will certainly warn against
the now endemic ice of lob-
bying for appointment and-
postings by some officers. It is
not in the least interest to the
well-being of the Nigerian Army
in particular and our nation in
general.” he said.

The army chief said he was
also aware of the deplorable state
of the general outfit of most of-
ficers and men due to lack of
uniforms. “I can assure you this

despatch.”

Major

the soldiers to be battle ready at
all times not only in conformity
with their traditional role in
.defence of the country but in full
support of the foreign policy of
the new administration which has
Africa as its cornerstone.

NIGERIA


JPRS*SSA+85+104
28 October 1985

SENEGAL

MEASURES FOR DEVELOPING FISHING INDUSTRY DISCUSSED
New Equipment Needed

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 3 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by Daouda Sow]

[Text] The modernization of infrastructure and revision of the structures in
the fishing sector are the key factors in reviving this activity, which
occupies our river banks and the ocean in all seasons.

The economic potential could be proportional to the human potential if only
there existed the handling facilities to avoid dependency on the fish
wholesale merchants. This would enable Saint-Louis to regain a key role in
this sector.

The state, seeking to improve local fishing operations in Saint-Louis, plans
to modernize the sector by providing fishermen with more modern equipment

including long-range boats with high-performance engines (diesel) so they can
go where the sea is rougher.

The energy of the fishermen and their knowledge of their trade deserves much
more effective equipment in order to have a genuine local industry that can

. develop from semi~industrial to industrial fishing. The’foreign boats

(freezer ships) are examples to emulate. They should prompt us to revive
fishing in the northern area. To do this we need to limit the foreign boats
that come regularly to Saint-Louis to recruit labor for voyages of about 45
days. The catch of each voyage, estimated at 150,000 tons, is sold at Las
Palmas for 1,000 francs per kilogram, or 130 million francs for the 45 days.

The signing on of fishermen in three foreign boats at Saint-Louis had posed
security and contract problems for several years. Aware of this situation,
the regional sea fishing service, under the authority of the regional
administration, took measures to protect the security and interests of the
fishermen. Thus, prior to each voyage the shipowner must have a legal
contract to avoid clandestine hirings, and must also provide to the fishermen
during their time at sea: food, lodging, fuel and maintenance of engines.
Since these contracts were set up, things have been proceeding smoothly
between fishermen and shipowners.

99



throughout the town. Indeed: A case of Simba beer that used to cost 185 zaires
at retail outlets now sells for 220 or even 240 zaires. At dance and snack bars
a bottle of Simba costs 50 zaires.

Why this rise in price? To learn more about it, MJUMBE approached the manager
of the head office in Kolwezi, Mr Boquet Jean-Pierre. Mr Boquet, who, moreover,
has just discussed this problem with the inspector of economic affairs,

stressed the fact that the price of beer has not changed. The brewery still con-
tinues to apply the price set for it by the country's higher authorities. Un-
fortunately, the head office in Kolwezi is operating on a slow schedule due to

a shortage of fuel oil.

Mr Boquet added that consumption is relative to production. As a result of the
liberalization measure decided on by the board of directors, the brewery's de-
mand has been higher than usual. At present its operation depends only on the
SEP [expansion unknown] of Zaire, its sole supplier of oil products. Mean-
while, speculation is at its height.

11,466
CSO: 3419/569

115



[Question] The impression that emerges from the makeup of your new leadership
is that of a party that cannot or does not want to change. One sees the same
faces. Where are the new recruits of whom you so frequently speak?

[Answer] Allow me to state, first of all, that there are new elements within
the new executive leadership. Those reelected are for the most part delegates
from the different districts. . They form what we can call the rank and file of
the Labor Party and it is they who, in exceptionally difficult times for the
party, helped it maintain its presence in the field, which in fact enabled the
party, after a real period in the desert, to gain an extraordinary second wind.
One can reasonably say today that the Labor. Party is as strong as the strongest
party. Having said that much, I can understand why the people expected new
recruits. We will indeed have surprises at the proper time and in the proper
place. I will say no more for the time being. Regarding the current executive
leadership, perhaps it would be fitting to emphasize that we are taking great
care to see that it be sufficiently representative. We are taking the presence
of all opinions into account and ensuring that there is representation of all
regions and an ethnic balance, based on the very fact that the Labor Party is

a national party.

[Question] When you speak of the need to maintain an ethnic balance, does that
mean that in all your actions, you will take theethnic factor into account?

[Answer] That is a Mauritian reality and all parties take that into account,
although not all say so. They actually do it.

{Question] To be prime minister, does one have to be from the community that
has the largest number of voters?

[Answer] No, not necessarily. A citizen not from the majority community may
very well aspire to occupy the post, but he must at least be able to assure
the majority community of a feeling of security.

[Question] At the last congress, the leader of the Labor Party stated that the
new executive leadership should decide, once and for all, the matter of the
election alliance. You were directly involved in certain negotiations. Per-
sonally speaking, do you favor an alliance with the MMM or with the coalition
in power?

[Answer] We shall decide on the alliance when the time comes and based, not
on personal feelings, but on the interest of the party and mainly the country.

[Question] Is it true that the Labor Party said it is willing to accept a num-

ber of tickets substantially under 50 percent, but that it demands the post of
prime minister?

[Answer] We have not yet really negotiated, but on that subject, I would say
that it is reasonable and desirable for the prime minister's post to go to a

Laborite. Otherwise, I would think that there would be problems in the alli-
ance, not only at the party level, but within the voters themselves.

62



[Answer] It is the MMM that has tried to give the PMSD this image. We are
accused of having sent the police into the free zone. This decision was the
responsibility of the prime minister, who is also minister .of interior.
Certainly we do approve of this measure in the context of the latest strike
that shook the free zone.

[Question] You give the impression that the PMSD has changed. What is the
1985 look of the PMSD?

CAnswer] We have the same philosophy: social-democracy. We have always

advocated it. We are aware that it is necessary to industrialize and that we ©

cannot depend forever on the sugar sector. We are currently experiencing an
industrial revolution. We have to get through this phase, which involves some
limitations in the benefits and wages of workers. We firmly believe in free
enterprise. In Mauritius, at present, the job situation is such that the
workers are at a disadvantage, but as the situation improves the employees and
unions will become stronger to the extent that the employee will be able to
choose his employer.

[Question]. You have the label of the big protector of the private sector...

[Answer] That is not true. I am convinced that the MMM receives many more
donations and contributions from the private sector than the PMSD. If we had
received help from the private sector we would have opened our office in Port-
Louis, We respect the private sector for the role that it plays in creating
jobs. As we know, the public sector can no longer create productive
employment. We have always been in favor of a mixed economy in which the
private sector fully plays its role, under government surveillance so there
will be no abuse. Free health treatment and education and social security are
essential in Mauritius so that every citizen will have the opportunity to
develop, whatever his socio-economic origin.

[Question] Is the PMSD preparing for the municipal elections?
Municipal Elections

{answer] The political bureau met and we established organization committees
for the Alliance's participation in these elections. We have received very
many requests from people wanting to be candidates. The choice has not yet
been made, nor has an emblem been chosen. Harish Boodhoo will be the campaign
manager. He has performed that job very well in the past. He will not be the
leader of the Alliance for this campaign. Gaetan Duval and Dr Ghurburrun will
be in the forefront of the campaign for the municipal elections. I maintain
that the PMSD administration has been far better than that of the MMM in the
municipalities. At Curepipe, for example, the roads have never been so rough
and trash service so poor...

[Question] What are your predictions?

[Answer] Port-Louis is perhaps the most difficult town, but we have a good
chance of taking the other municipalities with hard work.

68



all the dues from the member states. As for the donors, most of them that are
financing our various projects make the payments without any problem, since
this is part of signed agreements. The problem that we may face in this
connection is that some of our projects are soon reaching expiration dates,
and there will be a need to undertake further phases, and for that we will
need financing.

Despite all of this, things are not at all bad on the financial level, but I
cannot be positive about the future, because this does not depend only. on the
Sahel Institute.

9920
CsO: 3419/602

13



THREE SENIOR JUDGE ADVOCATES SWORN IN

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 11 Sep 85 p 1

{Article by Dom Ekpunobi]

[Text]

“THREE newly selected
Senior Advocates of
Nigeria were on Monday in
Lagos sworn in by the Chief
Justice of the Federation,
Justice Sodeinde Sowemimo.

They are, Alhaji Abdul
Galiyu, Folorulsno Abdul-
Razaq, and Mr Clément
Qbiorah Akpamgbo.

Justice Sowemimo disclosed
that there were now many
qualified candidates. out of
which the three recipients were
selected by the legal privileges
committee.

He remarked that the legal
Practitioners committee was
not bound by ‘minimum or
maximum standard in its
selection of practitioners to be
elevated to the rank ‘of senior
advocate of Nigeria.

cso: 3400/79

96

He congratulated ‘the three:
senior advocates and urged
them to live up to expectation,

Also speaking at the
occasion, another senior
advocate of Nigeria, Chief
Rotimi Williams, expressed
appreciation for the
declaration by the present
Federal Military Government
to listen to useful suggestions in
the governance of the country.

He advised that the
government should take into
consideration the appointment
of someone who has attained
the rank of a senior advocate
for the post of the Attorney-
General of the Federation.

Chief Williams argued that

the consideration was necessary -

if the new Attorney-General
must reflect the expected
leadership role of such
appointee.

JPRS+SSA+85*104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA


JPRS+SSA+85*104
28 October 1985

BURKINA

GRADUATION OF 13TH ARMORED ENGINEERS CADET CLASS CELEBRATED
Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 9 Sep 85 p 4
{Article by A.T. Jurior]

{text] The ranks of the People's Army have just been strengthened
with the graduation of the 13th cadet class of the 3rd batallion
of the People's Reserve (BPR) from the Engineer/Tank Corp training
center. These comrades from sectors 8, 9, 10, 17, 18; 19, and 20
have spent 3 weeks learning the rudiments of military life.

The ceremony held in sector 17 last Friday before Comrade Capt
Dudidie Tietiembu, Comrade Capt Lai Guire of the Army Engineers,
and delegates from the Committee for the Defense of the Revolu-
tion (CDR) from the sectors concerned.

This class, which chose to be known as the "Georges Namoano" class,
pledged, through its delegate, to behave responsibly and properly
to exercize the powers, missions, and duties the people expect of
it. The 13th-class comrades signed motions and recommendations
supporting the CNR, calling for intensified political, ideological,
and military training, and thanking the men who trained them.

Comrade Tietiembu, who heads the Armored Unit (GB), spoke to the
new members of the CNR, telling them that "Imperialism will meet
its Dien Bien Phu in Burkina." He told them that the CNR has
confidence in them and in the government to unmask all enemies of
the people. The corps leaders and sector delegates then delivered
citations to 15 or so of the newly trained soldiers, then reviewed
their final parade.

Elsewhere, a number of activists at the Office for Promotion of
Burkina Enterprise (OPEB) got 2 weeks' training from the National
Revolutionary Gendarmerie; they are the 10th class of activists

to be trained by the GNR. Closing ceremonies for their graduates
also took place on Friday 6 September.

6182
cso: 3419/579

18


JPRS+SSA+85~104
28 October 1985

GHANA

QUAINOO ADDRESSES 'OPERATION CUTLASS' PARTICIPANTS
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 18 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Robert Bentil and Veronica Sagoe]

[Text] The Force Commander, Major-General Arnold Quainoo yesterday asked
members of the Armed Forces not to let the peaceful atmosphere prevailing
in the country deceive them into relaxation.

The peaceful atmosphere, he stressed, should never be taken for granted,
saying that peace could not be maintained with diplomacy alone.

Addressing troops after he launched phase two of the military exercise,
code-named 'Operation Cutlass' in Kumasi, the Force Commander asked
soldiers to be vigilant at all times, stressing that "a weak Armed Forces
invites aggression and attacks of the enemy."

Calling for a soldier's loyalty, dedication and, above all, commitment
to the nation, he said "it should be our duty now to leave the Armed
Forces better than we met it."

Major-General Quainoo also touched on the efficiency of the Armed Forces
and hinted that the material and professional requirements of troops were
being looked into to ensure all-round efficiency.

On the operation itself, he said the exercise was to test their combat-
readiness and also to toughen them to meet the enemy anywhere.

"We have to react to dissident infiltration. We cannot do this without
testing your capabilities," the Force Commander told the participants
and commended them on their landings.

cso: 3400/90

47



JPRS=SSA+85+104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA

TELECOMMUNICATIONS LIMITED SEEKS NEW ENERGY SOURCES
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 14 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by Chris Nnoli]

[Text] The Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL) has begun a
search to alternative energy sources for telecommunications.

In collaboration with the Solar Energy Society of Nigeria (SESN) NITEL
is gathering a crop of energy experts in the country to discuss the
prospects and problems of various energy sources for telecommunications.

A research and development official of NITEL in an interview with Daily
{Times said the search which had gone on for some time now was necessitated
by the organisation's desire to improve its services to the nation and

cut costs, both in local and foreign exchange.

To help in its services, NITEL has boosting units called Repeater Stations
which help to boost messages in transmission, so that it doesn't depreciate.

But the problems of intermittent supply of power from NEPA and high cost
of maintaining diesel generators in rural areas meant that NITEL should
look elsewhere for alternative energy source.

‘and according to the official, NITEL is looking for alternative sources
that will not require regular maintenance,

This means that some of the energy options before NITEL are Wind, Tide,
Solar and Biomass.

And out of these, considering geography and extensive NITEL services, the
focus will be on Wind and Solar, especially as research efforts both
here and abroad have shown that they are viable.

But the NITEL official said that as promising as those energy options
are, there are still problems to be resolved. "It is in the light of
these problems," the official said, "that the NITEL is organising the
energy seminar and bringing together. energy experts.

cso: 3400/83

92


JPRS<SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

oo

* COMORO ISLANDS

MOHAMED CHAHER GN POLITICAL, ECONOMIC SITUATION
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 27 Aug 85 p 4

[Interview with Mohamed Chaher, secretary general of the Ministry of For-
eign Affairs, in Mauritius; name of interviewer and date not given]

(Text] Sojourning in Mauritius, Mr Mohamed Chaher, secretary general of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Comoros, who is also acting as head
of the Comoros delegation here attending the Second Meet of the Island
Games, affirms the intent to bring the Comoros out of their isolation.

Mr Mohamed Chaher also comments on regional cooperation, the political
situation in the Comoros, and the health of the Comoran economy,.among other
things. The following is from an interview with Mr Mohamed Chaher.

[Question] As of now, what is the extent of relations between the Comoros
and the Island of Mauritius?

{Answer] It is difficult to quantify those relations. But even before
independence, the businessmen of our two countries were already doing
business with each other in a number of different sectors. Since 1978,
these relations have become more official. For example, the services of
the firm De Chazal du Mee are widely used in the Comoros. We are expec-
ting much to materialize from the Mauritian foreign minister's visit to
the Comoros. That visit is of current interest and is imminent. Coopera-
tion agreements could in fact be signed and ambassadors accredited between
our two countries.

(Question] What is your concept of cooperation at a regional level?

[Answer] As everyone knows, we are full-fledged members of the Indian
Ocean Commission. We want to develop our relations with the countries of
the region. Regional cooperation is necessary to the development of
Africa. I believe it is important for the countries of the region to seek
to develop relations among themselves, for there is among us an element

of complementarity that must not, under any circumstances, be neglected.
Only to the extent that a solidly-based cooperation is established among
ourselves will we then be able to open our doors to other countries.

30


JPRS+SSA~85+104
28 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PRENCH AUDIO-VISUAL AID REPORTED
Paris AFRIQUE CONTEMPORAINE in French Jul-Aug-Sep 85 pp 64-65

{Text] Still at the point of fighting for private televisions and the
publicity war, Africa already responds to the rhythm of radio and television
for education, information and entertainment, as well as for propaganda.
French aid in this field is significant, especially in the French-speaking
countries.

Paris has set aside an average of five per cent of its FAC funds [Aid and
Cooperation Fund] for audio-visual aid (approximately 50 million francs in
1984) and also trains numerous technicians from Arab and Latin American
countries.

Moreover, Christian Nucci, minister for cooperation and development, recently
emphasized before the Council of Ministers the interest that France has in
this form of cultural influence, emphasizing that in 1985 France will
participate in the installation of television in Mali, Burundi and Cameroon.

"The arrival of television in the bush is a cultural upheaval," affirmed the
minister. From north to south and east to west on the African continent,
manifestations of interest multiply for the "magic boxes" with sounds and
pictures. This interest is true across all social classes and all
generations. :

The soldiers from Gunt in Bardai in the north of Chad, the hour having
arrived, gather in the shadows, ears glued to their transistors in order to
capture the news broadcast from Radio-France International, even if everything
reported about their country is displeasing to them. The Djiboutians who chew
Khat (a mood elevating herb) listen to the Somali language broadcasts from
Mogadiscio as well as the presidential speeches broadcast in their entirety.

Equipped for the most part with national radio stations at the time of
independence, the African countries have all been endowed for a dozen years
with television, passing directly or very quickly to color. The French-
speaking countries adopted the French methodology SECAM [Sequential Memory .pa
Color] except for Cameroon which opted for the German procedure PAL [Phase
Alternative Line] although 80 per cent of the equipment in Cameroon is
furnished by France.

14


would be financially and technically incapable of taking responsibility for
the country’s development, even if it wanted to.

This role, therefore, falls quite naturally to the West, in particular to
France. Together with the EEC and, since 1980, with the International Mone-
tary Fund and the World Bank, France has been the major supplier of funds;
without its help, the Malagasy regime would have collapsed a long time ago. A
paradoxical situation if there ever was one, but one that is not unheard of

in Africa. Many old reflexes of French policy could account for it: obsession
with the French-speaking community, protection of short-term interests, orien-
tation to the Third World, ignorance of what is going on in. the country, and
unconscious conservatism acting in favor of any established regime, no matter
what it is and what it does.

In view of this evolution, many people outside Madagascar wonder at the pas-
sivity of a people which does massively reject the system imposed upon it,
and still far more at the lack of apparent reactions from the numerous, edu-
cated and competent intelligentsia. It is common knowledge that no one be-
lieves in it any more, except probably for a few tens of people among the
highest officials. All are aware of the failure of the socialist experiment
but will acknowledge it only when safe from curious ears (in particular those
of foreign reporters--out of prudence but mostly out of pride). Since no op-
position can express itself, rejection then takes the form of sporadic ex-
plosions of violence (the "rotaka") that are soon crushed, or of permanent
insecurity (in rural areas, through the "dahalo," armed bands of cattle rus-
tlers who recently started to rob villagers when zebus became scarce; in
towns, through thieves, delinquents or unemployed people acting alone or in
organized groups). This rejection also takes the form of widespread demobil-
ization accompanied by corruption.

Permanent Disinformation

In addition to recourse to brutal force and permanent disinformation in the
name of an infantilizing ideology, the government's retort involves essen-
tially intimidation. Very few people have not feared, at one time or ano-
ther, that what they said might be reported by unknown agents of the DGID
(General Directorate of Information and Documentation, the government's
"intelligence service"). Even if it is only the result of disinformation
carefully distilled into public opinion, fear is omnipresent: many people
have been summoned for questioning to Ambohibao, not far from Ivato, the
Antananarivo international airport. And we fail to see who or what organ-
ization could stand up to the DGID whose methods hardly bear mentioning--
cases of torture have been reported. More particularly, either to eliminate
a potential opponent or to strike public opinion, plots have been ritually
denounced by the president, mostly plots against him; the alleged authors of
these plots, often mere fabrications, undergo highly publicized trials
months or years later.

These methods obviously cannot fail to intimidate a people that is impres-
sionable by nature (and 50-percent illiterate), thus bringing to political
life an apparent calm that does not in any way reflect the profound feelings
of a population deprived of all initiative, of all means of control or

58


JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

ZAIRE

GECAMINES STATISTICS FOR 1979-83 RELEASED
Lubumbashi MJUMBE in French 29 Jul 85 p 6

[Article by Mfuamba Tambue: "Somewhere Between a Slight Reduction and a
Gradual Growth"]

(Text] Our statistics demonstrate that the GECAMINES [General Quarries and
Mines Company] mineral production over the last 5 years (not including 1984
and 1985) has experienced a slight reduction (for a certain classification of
minerals) and a gradual growth for others. If this slight reduction is
sometimes a result of the current economic situation (monetary re-adjustment,
lack of foreign exchange, etc.), the growth of production is, according to
them, encouraged by the constant improvement of working conditions (modern
equipment).

One is aware that manual labor has been noticeably eased thanks to
modernization of the equipment. This is the case at the underground Kipushi
mine where a new transportation and mineral processing complex has been in
service at the level of 1,150 meters since July 1983. The extraction from
this mine is currently accomplished totally by a skip from one extraction
shaft.

Fine Metals

According to the annual report recently published by GECAMINES for the period
ending 31 December 1983, this important state corporation produced during this
period 465,800 tons of copper, 5,370 tons of cobalt, 62,535 tons of zinc, 308
tons of cadmium, 39,501 kg of silver, 43 kg of gold and 23,195 kg of
germanium. Comparable production in 1982 was 466,400 tons, 5,573 tons, 64,400
tons, 281 tons, 59.200 kg and 86 kg. As for copper, the 1983 production was
very close to that of 1982, thus representing a slight reduction of 600 tons.
Copper ingot production rose by 52,000 tons in comparison to that of 1982
(14,482 tons).

In the case of cobalt, 1980 was a record year, with 14,482 tons, in comparison
to 9 years of production - 1975 to 1983. Nevertheless one notes that 5,370
tons of cobalt were produced in 1983 as compared to 5,573 in 1982 and 11,124
tons in 1981.

111


Again according to the report, the treatment plants at Kambove and Kakanda in
the central group treated all the local mineral production in 1983. The
tonnages supplied were consistently higher than in the past. The recovery
yields were higher. The concentrates were of good quality.

Let us also point out that the revision of the operating plan at the Kipushi
treatment site allowed a good recovery yield of metals and a good quality of
concentrates.

Metallurgical Plants

The recent statistics also show that the hydrometallurgical plant at Luilu
treated 166,600 tons of copper and 3,400 tons of cobalt in 1983. At Kolwezi,
production showed a slight decline (70,500 tons of cathodes producing 62,500
tons of ingots) in comparison to that of 1982 (72,600 tons of cathodes
producing 64,400 tons of ingots).

At Lubumbashi, the pyrometallurgical plant processed the concentrates from
Kipushi and Kambove as well as part of those from the west, using both fusion
and converting processes. The total production of this plant was on the order
of 160,300 tons of blister [flister] copper in 1983 for reprocessing.

The report reassures the reader that the refinery at Shituru treated 277,200
tons of electrolytic copper during the same period. This represents a 30 per
cent increase over the preceding 1982 period. The same refinery also produced
37,900 tons of soluble anodes destined for hydrometallurgic circuits. The
thermal refining of cobalt produced 1900 tons of granules in 1983.
As far as can be ascertained, the production of certain minerals declined
slightly in 1983 in comparison with previous years because of the cyclical and
technical problems mentioned above. That is also the case for zine and
cobalt. But, as a whole, the production of minerals by GECAMINES, according
to our statistics, have been steadily increasing. Copper ingots and cadmium
are doing especially well.

12308
CSO: 3419/571

113


JPRS+SSA~85*104
28 October 1985

INTER~AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ARAB DEVELOPMENT BANK INVOLVEMENT WITH AFRICA VIEWED
Paris AFRIQUE CONTEMPORAINE in French Jul-Aug-Sep 85 pp 65-72

[Text] BADEA's [Arab Bank for African Economic Development] 1984 annual report
is particularly useful because it summarizes this institution's activity for
the past 10 years. This organization was created as a result of the resolutions
adopted by the sixth Arab summit in Algiers at its meeting of 28 November 1973.
Its goal is to help the African nations that belong to the OAU [Organization

of African Unity] but that do not belong to the League of Arab States. Its
headquarters is in Khartoum.

In 10 years BADEA has placed $669 million at the disposal of African states.

Its activity has covered 18 sectors: highways, railroads, sea and river trans-
portation, air transportation, telecommunications, water supply and sewers,

dams, bridges, development, rural development, food production, animal husbandry,
fishing, agribusiness, forestry development, industry and construction materials,
small businesses, textile industry, energy production and infrastructure. Funds
were also set up for special programs ($109,000) and technical assistance

($150 ,000) .

It should be noted that 51.3 percent of the funds went to four sectors:

--highways: $172.9 million (25.82 percent)

~-energy (infrastructure and production): $68.9 million (10.2 percent)
--industry and construction materials: $51.8 million (7.7 percent)
--rural development: $51.7 million (7.6 percent).

The following figures result if the amounts are divided by sector:

~-primary sector (agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing): $121.6
million (19 percent)

--secondary sector (industry, mines, energy): $198.4 million (29 percent)
~-tertiary sector (services, transportation, telecommunications, town planning):
$346.5 million (52 percent).

This shows that BADEA definitely favors the tertiary sector, but it is impossible
to say whether this bias is voluntary or the result of circumstances (request
of beneficiary states in particular and relative inexperience in African affairs).



BORNO GOVERNMENT TAKES OVER RICE, SEMOVITA SALE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 12 Sep 85 p 24

[Text]

cso:

THE Government of Borno
State has taken over the sale
and distribution of semovita
and rice in the state with ef-
fect from this week.

The Press Secretary to the
governor, Alhaji Lawal Talba
said in a press release that
Governor Abdul Mumini
Aminu had also fixed prices
for the commodities.

He said that a bag of 100kg
of rice would sell at 65 Naira
throughout the state, while a
bag of semovita is seven Naira
in Maiduguri and eight Naira
in the local government areas.

‘The release stated that the
governor had advised traders
to adhere strictly to the new
approved prices warning that
failure to do that would be
dealt with accordingly.

3400/83

90

He said the governor had ap-
pealed to the general public to
stake note of the new rates and
report any violation to the law
enforcement agencies.

The governor’s action was
in response to reports akout
rising costs, of semovita and
rice.

By Tuesday evening, the
public sale of these com-
modities by the government
had started.

When the New Nigerian
visited markets and other
locations where the com-
modities were sold in
Maiduguri, no rice or
semovita were available for
sale. Customers were being
directed by traders from one
location to the other, all in
vain.

However, rice in retail
quantities was available at the
Gamboru market and selling
for five Naira per measure.

IPRS*SSA+85*104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA


Asked whether he thought the smaller councils could afford to pay the
50 percent salaries and allowances, the Secretary said those councils were
also involved in comparable malpractices.

He said the councils could engage in various projects to raise enough funds
to meet their commitments.

Mr Jantuah said the malpractices have been going on within the councils
because some of them had refused to form their INCs, thus leaving the
councils administration in the hands of only a few people.

cso: 3400/89

35



JPRS*SSA~85 +104
28 October 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

AIR FORCE EXPLAINS PROMOTIONS--The Nigerian Air Force has promoted 147
officers in its first major promotion this year. Fifty seven Flight
Lieutenants were promoted to the rank of Squadron Leaders while 90

Flying Officers were elevated to Flight Lieutenants. A statement from

the Air Force Public Relations and Information Department said that the
promotion took effect from July this year. The rank of Flying Officer

is an equivalent of Lieutenant in the Nigerian Army, while Squadron Leader
equates with Major. The statement however, explained that promotions

in the Air Force were considered mainly on course mate basis. It also
said that other considerations include time, passes in promotion examina-
tions and the confidential report on the specific officer. The statement
said it usually takes a Flying Officer four years to become a Flight
Lieutenant and a Flight Lieutenant a period of five years to become squad-
ron leader. [Text] [Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 15 Sep 85 p 4]

PAPER SPONSORS IMF DEBATE--IMF Loan: To take or not to take? That is the
question President Ibrahim Babangida has thrown open for debate. We,
therefore, request those who are knowledgeable about the subject to send
their contributions to the Daily Times. Such articles should not be
longer than four fulscap -pages typed double-spacing or 1,350 words.
Seize this opportunity to make your views known. [Text] [Lagos DAILY
TIMES in English 14 Sep 85 p 1]

AVIATION FUEL SHORTAGE--Aviation fuel shortage, which slowed down flight
operations of the Nigeria Airways on Thursday, continued yesterday with

a slight improvement. According to a newspaper report, the fuel shortage
was traced by NNPC authorities to a malfunction at a pumping station at
Ejigbo near Lagos. Investigations revealed that the shortage started on
Tuesday and affected most of the depots where Nigeria Airways aircraft
lift fuel. Some of these are Kano, Kaduna, Yola, Maiduguri, Jos and
Abuja. As a result, most Nigeria Airways flights leaving Lagos have to
carry extra fuel for their return trips and consequently cut down on
passenger load. This cut resulted in congestion at the domestic terminal
of the Murtala Muhammed Airport causing many passengers tc seek alternative
means of traveling. Investigation showed that the situation affected pri-
vate charter airlines. Officials spoken to said they were trying their
best to contain the situation. In a telephone interview, however, Mr

97



JPRS*SSA*85*104
28 October 1985

GHANA

PNDC DEEMPHASIZING USE OF FOREIGN EXPERTS
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 17 Sep 85 pp 1,3

[Text] The Secretary for Finance and Economic Planning, Dr Kwesi Botchwey,
has said that the PNDC is very much concerned with the employment of
foreign experts to the relative neglect of equally qualified Ghanaians.

Dr Botchwey noted that whenever the country had had to accommodate foreign
experts on certain bilateral projects, indigenous experts became frustrated.

Speaking at a plenary session of the Ghana-Federal Republic of Germany
Joint Commission on Economic Co-operation in Accra yesterday, the Secretary
promised that in subsequent stand-by agreements with the World Bank and
new programmes with donor countries and other financial institutions the
Government would address itself seriously to the issue in an effort to

use indigenous experts to boast their morale.

Dr Botchwey announced that the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) for the
country this year was expected to be about five percent and that the
inflation rate had been reduced from 119 percent to 40 percent.

Agriculture performed better as compared to the other sectors, registering
a growth rate of 10 percent.

cso: 3400/89

38