IIB 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1955 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 24, 2007 

Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and 

Governmental Affairs 

AN ACT 

To prevent homegrown terrorism, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Violent Radicalization 

3 and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007’’. 

4 SEC. 2. PREVENTION OF VIOLENT RADICALIZATION AND 

5 HOMEGROWN TERRORISM. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title VIII of the Homeland Secu7 rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 361 et seq.) is amended by 

8 adding at the end the following new subtitle: 

9 ‘‘Subtitle J—Prevention of Violent 

10 Radicalization and Homegrown 

11 Terrorism 

12 ‘‘SEC. 899A. DEFINITIONS. 

13 ‘‘For purposes of this subtitle: 

14 ‘‘(1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘Commission’ 

15 means the National Commission on the Prevention 

16 of Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism 

17 established under section 899C. 

18 ‘‘(2) VIOLENT RADICALIZATION.—The term 

19 ‘violent radicalization’ means the process of adopting 

20 or promoting an extremist belief system for the pur21 pose of facilitating ideologically based violence to ad22 vance political, religious, or social change. 

23 ‘‘(3) HOMEGROWN TERRORISM.—The term 

24 ‘homegrown terrorism’ means the use, planned use, 

25 or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or 

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1 marily within the United States or any possession of 

2 the United States to intimidate or coerce the United 

3 States government, the civilian population of the 

4 United States, or any segment thereof, in further5 ance of political or social objectives. 

6 ‘‘(4) IDEOLOGICALLY BASED VIOLENCE.—The 

7 term ‘ideologically based violence’ means the use, 

8 planned use, or threatened use of force or violence 

9 by a group or individual to promote the group or in10 dividual’s political, religious, or social beliefs. 

11 ‘‘SEC. 899B. FINDINGS. 

12 ‘‘The Congress finds the following: 

13 ‘‘(1) The development and implementation of 

14 methods and processes that can be utilized to pre15 vent violent radicalization, homegrown terrorism, 

16 and ideologically based violence in the United States 

17 is critical to combating domestic terrorism. 

18 ‘‘(2) The promotion of violent radicalization, 

19 homegrown terrorism, and ideologically based vio20 lence exists in the United States and poses a threat 

21 to homeland security. 

22 ‘‘(3) The Internet has aided in facilitating vio23 lent radicalization, ideologically based violence, and 

24 the homegrown terrorism process in the United 

25 States by providing access to broad and constant 


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1 streams of terrorist-related propaganda to United 

2 States citizens. 

3 ‘‘(4) While the United States must continue its 

4 vigilant efforts to combat international terrorism, it 

5 must also strengthen efforts to combat the threat 

6 posed by homegrown terrorists based and operating 

7 within the United States. 

8 ‘‘(5) Understanding the motivational factors 

9 that lead to violent radicalization, homegrown ter10 rorism, and ideologically based violence is a vital 

11 step toward eradicating these threats in the United 

12 States. 

13 ‘‘(6) Preventing the potential rise of self 

14 radicalized, unaffiliated terrorists domestically can15 not be easily accomplished solely through traditional 

16 Federal intelligence or law enforcement efforts, and 

17 can benefit from the incorporation of State and local 

18 efforts. 

19 ‘‘(7) Individuals prone to violent radicalization, 

20 homegrown terrorism, and ideologically based vio21 lence span all races, ethnicities, and religious beliefs, 

22 and individuals should not be targeted based solely 

23 on race, ethnicity, or religion. 

24 ‘‘(8) Any measure taken to prevent violent 

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1 cally based violence and homegrown terrorism in the 

2 United States should not violate the constitutional 

3 rights, civil rights, or civil liberties of United States 

4 citizens or lawful permanent residents. 

5 ‘‘(9) Certain governments, including the United 

6 Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have significant ex7 perience with homegrown terrorism and the United 

8 States can benefit from lessons learned by those na9 tions. 

10 ‘‘SEC. 899C. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE PREVENTION 

11 OF VIOLENT RADICALIZATION AND IDEO12 LOGICALLY BASED VIOLENCE. 

13 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within 

14 the legislative branch of the Government the National 

15 Commission on the Prevention of Violent Radicalization 

16 and Homegrown Terrorism. 

17 ‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—The purposes of the Commission are 

18 the following: 

19 ‘‘(1) Examine and report upon the facts and 

20 causes of violent radicalization, homegrown ter21 rorism, and ideologically based violence in the 

22 United States, including United States connections 

23 to non-United States persons and networks, violent 

24 radicalization, homegrown terrorism, and ideologi25 cally based violence in prison, individual or ‘lone 


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1 wolf’ violent radicalization, homegrown terrorism, 

2 and ideologically based violence, and other faces of 

3 the phenomena of violent radicalization, homegrown 

4 terrorism, and ideologically based violence that the 

5 Commission considers important. 

6 ‘‘(2) Build upon and bring together the work of 

7 other entities and avoid unnecessary duplication, by 

8 reviewing the findings, conclusions, and rec9 ommendations of— 

10 ‘‘(A) the Center of Excellence established 

11 or designated under section 899D, and other 

12 academic work, as appropriate; 

13 ‘‘(B) Federal, State, local, or tribal studies 

14 of, reviews of, and experiences with violent 

15 radicalization, homegrown terrorism, and ideo16 logically based violence; and 

17 ‘‘(C) foreign government studies of, re18 views of, and experiences with violent 

19 radicalization, homegrown terrorism, and ideo20 logically based violence. 

21 ‘‘(c) COMPOSITION OF COMMISSION.—The Commis22 sion shall be composed of 10 members appointed for the 

23 life of the Commission, of whom— 

24 ‘‘(1) one member shall be appointed by the 

25 President from among officers or employees of the 


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1 executive branch and private citizens of the United 

2 States; 

3 ‘‘(2) one member shall be appointed by the Sec4 retary; 

5 ‘‘(3) one member shall be appointed by the ma6 jority leader of the Senate; 

7 ‘‘(4) one member shall be appointed by the mi8 nority leader of the Senate; 

9 ‘‘(5) one member shall be appointed by the 

10 Speaker of the House of Representatives; 

11 ‘‘(6) one member shall be appointed by the mi12 nority leader of the House of Representatives; 

13 ‘‘(7) one member shall be appointed by the 

14 Chairman of the Committee on Homeland Security 

15 of the House of Representatives; 

16 ‘‘(8) one member shall be appointed by the 

17 ranking minority member of the Committee on 

18 Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; 

19 ‘‘(9) one member shall be appointed by the 

20 Chairman of the Committee on Homeland Security 

21 and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and 

22 ‘‘(10) one member shall be appointed by the 

23 ranking minority member of the Committee on 

24 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 

25 Senate. 


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1 ‘‘(d) CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR.—The Commission 

2 shall elect a Chair and a Vice Chair from among its mem3 bers. 

4 ‘‘(e) QUALIFICATIONS.—Individuals shall be selected 

5 for appointment to the Commission solely on the basis of 

6 their professional qualifications, achievements, public stat7 ure, experience, and expertise in relevant fields, including, 

8 but not limited to, behavioral science, constitutional law, 

9 corrections, counterterrorism, cultural anthropology, edu10 cation, information technology, intelligence, juvenile jus11 tice, local law enforcement, organized crime, Islam and 

12 other world religions, sociology, or terrorism. 

13 ‘‘(f) DEADLINE FOR APPOINTMENT.—All members of 

14 the Commission shall be appointed no later than 60 days 

15 after the date of enactment of this subtitle. 

16 ‘‘(g) QUORUM AND MEETINGS.—The Commission 

17 shall meet and begin the operations of the Commission 

18 not later than 30 days after the date on which all members 

19 have been appointed or, if such meeting cannot be mutu20 ally agreed upon, on a date designated by the Speaker of 

21 the House of Representatives. Each subsequent meeting 

22 shall occur upon the call of the Chair or a majority of 

23 its members. A majority of the members of the Commis24 sion shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may 

25 hold meetings. 


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1 ‘‘(h) AUTHORITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO ACT FOR COM2 MISSION.—Any member of the Commission may, if au3 thorized by the Commission, take any action that the 

4 Commission is authorized to take under this Act. 

5 ‘‘(i) POWERS OF COMMISSION.—The powers of the 

6 Commission shall be as follows: 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 

8 ‘‘(A) HEARINGS AND EVIDENCE.—The 

9 Commission or, on the authority of the Com10 mission, any subcommittee or member thereof, 

11 may, for the purpose of carrying out this sec12 tion, hold hearings and sit and act at such 

13 times and places, take such testimony, receive 

14 such evidence, and administer such oaths as the 

15 Commission considers advisable to carry out its 

16 duties. 

17 ‘‘(B) CONTRACTING.—The Commission 

18 may, to such extent and in such amounts as are 

19 provided in appropriation Acts, enter into con20 tracts to enable the Commission to discharge its 

21 duties under this section. 

22 ‘‘(2) INFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGEN23 CIES.— 

24 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission may 

25 request directly from any executive department, 


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1 bureau, agency, board, commission, office, inde2 pendent establishment, or instrumentality of the 

3 Government, information, suggestions, esti4 mates, and statistics for the purposes of this 

5 section. The head of each such department, bu6 reau, agency, board, commission, office, inde7 pendent establishment, or instrumentality shall, 

8 to the extent practicable and authorized by law, 

9 furnish such information, suggestions, esti10 mates, and statistics directly to the Commis11 sion, upon request made by the Chair of the 

12 Commission, by the chair of any subcommittee 

13 created by a majority of the Commission, or by 

14 any member designated by a majority of the 

15 Commission. 

16 ‘‘(B) RECEIPT, HANDLING, STORAGE, AND

17 DISSEMINATION.—The Committee and its staff 

18 shall receive, handle, store, and disseminate in19 formation in a manner consistent with the oper20 ative statutes, regulations, and Executive orders 

21 that govern the handling, storage, and dissemi22 nation of such information at the department, 

23 bureau, agency, board, commission, office, inde24 pendent establishment, or instrumentality that 

25 responds to the request. 


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1 ‘‘(j) ASSISTANCE FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 

2 ‘‘(1) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION.— 

3 The Administrator of General Services shall provide 

4 to the Commission on a reimbursable basis adminis5 trative support and other services for the perform6 ance of the Commission’s functions. 

7 ‘‘(2) OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.— 

8 In addition to the assistance required under para9 graph (1), departments and agencies of the United 

10 States may provide to the Commission such services, 

11 funds, facilities, and staff as they may determine ad12 visable and as may be authorized by law. 

13 ‘‘(k) POSTAL SERVICES.—The Commission may use 

14 the United States mails in the same manner and under 

15 the same conditions as departments and agencies of the 

16 United States. 

17 ‘‘(l) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL ADVISORY

18 COMMITTEE ACT.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act 

19 (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Commission. 

20 ‘‘(m) PUBLIC MEETINGS.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall hold 

22 public hearings and meetings to the extent appro23 priate. 

24 ‘‘(2) PROTECTION OF INFORMATION.—Any pub25 lic hearings of the Commission shall be conducted in 


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1 a manner consistent with the protection of informa2 tion provided to or developed for or by the Commis3 sion as required by any applicable statute, regula4 tion, or Executive order including subsection 

5 (i)(2)(B). 

6 ‘‘(n) STAFF OF COMMISSION.— 

7 ‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT AND COMPENSATION.—The 

8 Chair of the Commission, in consultation with the 

9 Vice Chair and in accordance with rules adopted by 

10 the Commission, may appoint and fix the compensa11 tion of a staff director and such other personnel as 

12 may be necessary to enable the Commission to carry 

13 out its functions, without regard to the provisions of 

14 title 5, United States Code, governing appointments 

15 in the competitive service, and without regard to the 

16 provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chap17 ter 53 of such title relating to classification and 

18 General Schedule pay rates, except that no rate of 

19 pay fixed under this subsection may exceed the max20 imum rate of pay for GS–15 under the General 

21 Schedule. 

22 ‘‘(2) STAFF EXPERTISE.—Individuals shall be 

23 selected for appointment as staff of the Commission 

24 on the basis of their expertise in one or more of the 

25 fields referred to in subsection (e). 


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1 ‘‘(3) PERSONNEL AS FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.— 

2 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The executive director 

3 and any employees of the Commission shall be 

4 employees under section 2105 of title 5, United 

5 States Code, for purposes of chapters 63, 81, 

6 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, and 90 of that title. 

7 ‘‘(B) MEMBERS OF COMMISSION.—Sub8 paragraph (A) shall not be construed to apply 

9 to members of the Commission. 

10 ‘‘(4) DETAILEES.—Any Federal Government 

11 employee may be detailed to the Commission without 

12 reimbursement from the Commission, and during 

13 such detail shall retain the rights, status, and privi14 leges of his or her regular employment without inter15 ruption. 

16 ‘‘(5) CONSULTANT SERVICES.—The Commis17 sion may procure the services of experts and consult18 ants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, 

19 United States Code, but at rates not to exceed the 

20 daily rate paid a person occupying a position at level 

21 IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 

22 title 5, United States Code. 

23 ‘‘(6) EMPHASIS ON SECURITY CLEARANCES.— 

24 The Commission shall make it a priority to hire as 

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1 dividuals otherwise authorized by this section who 

2 have active security clearances. 

3 ‘‘(o) COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS.— 

4 ‘‘(1) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.—Each 

5 member of the Commission who is not an employee 

6 of the government shall be compensated at a rate 

7 not to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate 

8 of basic pay in effect for a position at level IV of 

9 the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 

10 5, United States Code, for each day during which 

11 that member is engaged in the actual performance 

12 of the duties of the Commission. 

13 ‘‘(2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—While away from 

14 their homes or regular places of business in the per15 formance of services for the Commission, members 

16 of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, 

17 including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates 

18 authorized for employees of agencies under sub19 chapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 

20 Code, while away from their homes or regular places 

21 of business in the performance of services for the 

22 Commission. 

23 ‘‘(3) TRAVEL ON ARMED FORCES CONVEY24 ANCES.—Members and personnel of the Commission 

25 may travel on aircraft, vehicles, or other conveyances 


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1 of the Armed Forces of the United States when such 

2 travel is necessary in the performance of a duty of 

3 the Commission, unless the cost of commercial 

4 transportation is less expensive. 

5 ‘‘(4) TREATMENT OF SERVICE FOR PURPOSES

6 OF RETIREMENT BENEFITS.—A member of the 

7 Commission who is an annuitant otherwise covered 

8 by section 8344 or 8468 of title 5, United States 

9 Code, by reason of membership on the Commission 

10 shall not be subject to the provisions of such section 

11 with respect to membership on the Commission. 

12 ‘‘(5) VACANCIES.—A vacancy on the Commis13 sion shall not affect its powers and shall be filled in 

14 the manner in which the original appointment was 

15 made. The appointment of the replacement member 

16 shall be made not later than 60 days after the date 

17 on which the vacancy occurs. 

18 ‘‘(p) SECURITY CLEARANCES.—The heads of appro19 priate departments and agencies of the executive branch 

20 shall cooperate with the Commission to expeditiously pro21 vide Commission members and staff with appropriate se22 curity clearances to the extent possible under applicable 

23 procedures and requirements. 

24 ‘‘(q) REPORTS.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 18 

2 months after the date on which the Commission first 

3 meets, the Commission shall submit to the President 

4 and Congress a final report of its findings and con5 clusions, legislative recommendations for immediate 

6 and long-term countermeasures to violent 

7 radicalization, homegrown terrorism, and ideologi8 cally based violence, and measures that can be taken 

9 to prevent violent radicalization, homegrown ter10 rorism, and ideologically based violence from devel11 oping and spreading within the United States, and 

12 any final recommendations for any additional grant 

13 programs to support these purposes. The report may 

14 also be accompanied by a classified annex. 

15 ‘‘(2) INTERIM REPORTS.—The Commission 

16 shall submit to the President and Congress— 

17 ‘‘(A) by not later than 6 months after the 

18 date on which the Commission first meets, a 

19 first interim report on— 

20 ‘‘(i) its findings and conclusions and 

21 legislative recommendations for the pur22 poses described in paragraph (1); and 

23 ‘‘(ii) its recommendations on the fea24 sibility of a grant program established and 

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1 pose of preventing, disrupting, and miti2 gating the effects of violent radicalization, 

3 homegrown terrorism, and ideologically 

4 based violence and, if such a program is 

5 feasible, recommendations on how grant 

6 funds should be used and administered; 

7 and 

8 ‘‘(B) by not later than 6 months after the 

9 date on which the Commission submits the in10 terim report under subparagraph (A), a second 

11 interim report on such matters. 

12 ‘‘(3) INDIVIDUAL OR DISSENTING VIEWS.— 

13 Each member of the Commission may include in 

14 each report under this subsection the individual ad15 ditional or dissenting views of the member. 

16 ‘‘(4) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Commission 

17 shall release a public version of each report required 

18 under this subsection. 

19 ‘‘(r) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDING.—Amounts made 

20 available to the Commission to carry out this section shall 

21 remain available until the earlier of the expenditure of the 

22 amounts or the termination of the Commission. 

23 ‘‘(s) TERMINATION OF COMMISSION.—The Commis24 sion shall terminate 30 days after the date on which the 

25 Commission submits its final report. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 899D. CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE STUDY OF 

2 VIOLENT RADICALIZATION AND HOME3 GROWN TERRORISM IN THE UNITED STATES. 

4 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Homeland 

5 Security shall establish or designate a university-based 

6 Center of Excellence for the Study of Violent 

7 Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism in the United 

8 States (hereinafter referred to as ‘Center’) following the 

9 merit-review processes and procedures and other limita10 tions that have been previously established for selecting 

11 and supporting University Programs Centers of Excel12 lence. The Center shall assist Federal, State, local and 

13 tribal homeland security officials through training, edu14 cation, and research in preventing violent radicalization 

15 and homegrown terrorism in the United States. In car16 rying out this section, the Secretary may choose to either 

17 create a new Center designed exclusively for the purpose 

18 stated herein or identify and expand an existing Depart19 ment of Homeland Security Center of Excellence so that 

20 a working group is exclusively designated within the exist21 ing Center of Excellence to achieve the purpose set forth 

22 in subsection (b). 

23 ‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—It shall be the purpose of the Center 

24 to study the social, criminal, political, psychological, and 

25 economic roots of violent radicalization and homegrown 

26 terrorism in the United States and methods that can be 


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1 utilized by Federal, State, local, and tribal homeland secu2 rity officials to mitigate violent radicalization and home3 grown terrorism. 

4 ‘‘(c) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out this section, the 

5 Center shall— 

6 ‘‘(1) contribute to the establishment of training, 

7 written materials, information, analytical assistance 

8 and professional resources to aid in combating vio9 lent radicalization and homegrown terrorism; 

10 ‘‘(2) utilize theories, methods and data from the 

11 social and behavioral sciences to better understand 

12 the origins, dynamics, and social and psychological 

13 aspects of violent radicalization and homegrown ter14 rorism; 

15 ‘‘(3) conduct research on the motivational fac16 tors that lead to violent radicalization and home17 grown terrorism; and 

18 ‘‘(4) coordinate with other academic institutions 

19 studying the effects of violent radicalization and 

20 homegrown terrorism where appropriate. 

21 ‘‘SEC. 899E. PREVENTING VIOLENT RADICALIZATION AND 

22 HOMEGROWN TERRORISM THROUGH INTER23 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE EFFORTS. 

24 ‘‘(a) INTERNATIONAL EFFORT.—The Secretary shall, 

25 in cooperation with the Department of State, the Attorney 


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1 General, and other Federal Government entities, as appro2 priate, conduct a survey of methodologies implemented by 

3 foreign nations to prevent violent radicalization and home4 grown terrorism in their respective nations. 

5 ‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—To the extent that meth6 odologies are permissible under the Constitution, the Sec7 retary shall use the results of the survey as an aid in devel8 oping, in consultation with the Attorney General, a na9 tional policy in the United States on addressing 

10 radicalization and homegrown terrorism. 

11 ‘‘(c) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—The Secretary shall 

12 submit a report to Congress that provides— 

13 ‘‘(1) a brief description of the foreign partners 

14 participating in the survey; and 

15 ‘‘(2) a description of lessons learned from the 

16 results of the survey and recommendations imple17 mented through this international outreach. 

18 ‘‘SEC. 899F. PROTECTING CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIB19 ERTIES WHILE PREVENTING IDEOLOGICALLY 

20 BASED VIOLENCE AND HOMEGROWN TER21 RORISM. 

22 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Homeland 

23 Security’s efforts to prevent ideologically based violence 

24 and homegrown terrorism as described herein shall not 

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1 erties of United States citizens or lawful permanent resi2 dents. 

3 ‘‘(b) COMMITMENT TO RACIAL NEUTRALITY.—The 

4 Secretary shall ensure that the activities and operations 

5 of the entities created by this subtitle are in compliance 

6 with the Department of Homeland Security’s commitment 

7 to racial neutrality. 

8 ‘‘(c) AUDITING MECHANISM.—The Civil Rights and 

9 Civil Liberties Officer of the Department of Homeland Se10 curity shall develop and implement an auditing mechanism 

11 to ensure that compliance with this subtitle does not vio12 late the constitutional rights, civil rights, or civil liberties 

13 of any racial, ethnic, or religious group, and shall include 

14 the results of audits under such mechanism in its annual 

15 report to Congress required under section 705.’’. 

16 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 

17 in section 1(b) of such Act is amended by inserting at the 

18 end of the items relating to title VIII the following: 

‘‘Subtitle J—Prevention of Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism 

‘‘Sec. 899A. Definitions. 

‘‘Sec. 899B. Findings. 

‘‘Sec. 899C. National Commission on the Prevention of Violent Radicalization 

and Ideologically Based Violence. 

‘‘Sec. 899D. Center of Excellence for the Study of Violent Radicalization and 

Homegrown Terrorism in the United States. 

‘‘Sec. 899E. Preventing violent radicalization and homegrown terrorism 

through international cooperative efforts. 


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‘‘Sec. 899F. Protecting civil rights and civil liberties while preventing ideologically based violence and homegrown terrorism.’’. 

Passed the House of Representatives October 23, 

2007. 

Attest: LORRAINE C. MILLER, 

Clerk. 


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