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OAR Box 1846 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

6) ll-B-3 

Docket Number: 

A-90-07 

Printed 11/18/2008 7:30:14 AM Sheet 6 oj'93 
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OCT 51989 '.^ 6 " IU **»»««*TM 

MEMORANDU M • , _,.., •- ^ 'i 

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SUBJECT: Transmittal of Fuel Toxicity References 

PROM: Glenn W, Passavant/ Senior Project Manage 

Standards Development and Support Branch 

TO: Nancy Ketcham-Colwill, Attorney Advisor 

Office of General Counsel (LE 132A ) 

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Per your request, attached is a list of selected 

references on the toxicity of gasoline and diesel fuel and 

their combustion products. Please note that this is not meant 

to be a complete list of all published papers and reports/ 

although it is worth noting that Reference 33 is a bibliography 

that contains 257 abstracts related to the carcinogenic risk of 

petroleum - fueled engine exhaust and evaporative emissions. 

While these references appear to be numerous, they do not 

really address the key Issues that will face us ln the 

rulemaking. . specifically/ none of the studies is devoted to a 

principle topic of the rulemaking: what testing procedures and 

protocols are best suited to determining the health and welfare 

effects of fuels and fuel additives. 

Many of the studies address the health effects of exposure 

to the primary components of exhaust emissions. (The Agency's 

extensive regulation of tailpipe emissions in large part 

explains the availability of these studies.) However, these 

studies do not consider the differences In fuel formulations or 

fuel additives. Other studies address the health effects of 

exposure to fuels themselves* but their scope is limited to one 

type of fuel, one health effect endpoint, and/or one type of 

teat, indeed, the studies are pretty much limited to gasoline 

and diesel fuel; none considers fuel additives or many of the 

alternative fuels now being considered, 

In short, these references are valuable background for 

development of a testing rule, but they do not contain a 

template for the rule itself. A substantial amount of work 

remains to be done to specify procedures and protocols 

generally applicable to the thousands of currently registered 

fuels and fuel additives, and the potentially great number to 

be registered in the future as alternative fuels are developed, 

» 

Please let us know if you need any additional information. 

Attachment 

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Selected References on the Toxicity of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel 

and Their Combustion Product? *~ 

1. Robert A, Scala, Exxon Biomedical Sciences Incorporated, 

"Motor Gasoline Toxicity," Fundamental and Applied 

Toxicology, 10, 553-562 (1988). 

2. David J. Loury and Byron E. Butterworth, Chemical Industry 

Institute of Toxicology, "Kidney-Specific DNA Repair 

Assay: An Evaluation of Unleaded Gasoline," CU T 

Activities, Vol, 6, No, 4, April 1986. 

3. Health Effects Institute, "Gasoline Vapor Exposure and 

Human Cancer: Evaluation of Existing Scientific 

information and Recommendations for Future Research," 

September 1985. 

4. Health Effects institute, "An Update on Gasoline Vapor 

Exposure and Human Cancer: An Evaluation of Scientific 

Information Published Between 1985 and 1987," January 6, 

1988. 

5. U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, "Evaluation 

of the carcinogenicity of unleaded Gasoline," 

EPA/60Q/6-87/001, April 1987, 

6. K.A. Richardson, et al., Chemical Industry institute of 

Toxicology, "Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of 

Unleaded Gasoline and 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane in Human 

Lymphoblasts in Vitro," Toxicology and Aoplied 

Pharmacology, 82, 316-322 (1986). 

7. H.N. MacFarland, et al,, "A Chronic inhalation study with 

Unleaded Gasoline Vapor," Journal of the American College 

of Toxicology, Volume 3, Number 4, 1984, 

8. "Feasibility of Assessment of Health Risks From 

Vapor-Phase Organic Chemicals in Gasoline and Diesel 

Exhaust," prepared by the Committee on Vapor-Phase 

Organics, National Research Council, National Academy 

Press, Washington, D.C, 1983. 

9. "Material Safety Data Sheet: Gasoline/Automotive," 

Occupational Health Services, Inc., September 1985. 

10. J.F. Hansbrough, et al,, "Hydrocarbon Contact Injuries," 

The Journal of Trauma, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 1985. 

11. W. Machl«, "Oa*olin« Intoxication," J. Amer. M*d. Assoc,