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JPRS 82618

11 January 1983

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Worldwide Report

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 216

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WORLDWIDE REPORT: LAW OF THE SEA, No. 216

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11 January 1983

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This serial report contains information from the world press and radio coverage of

the Law of the Sea conferences and negotiations, territorial seas and straits,

coastal and international seabed economic areas, marine pollution, scientific

research and fisheries.

17. Oocumant Analysis a. Oascriptors

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Pollution

Environmental Control

Biological Oceanography

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JPRS 82618

11 January 1983

WORLDWIDE REPORT

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 216

CONTENTS

WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

USSR, Norway Agree on Fishing Quotas for 1983

(AFTENPOSTEN, 20 Nov 82)

USSR, Finland Sign Fishing Quotas Agreement

(HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 11 Dec 82)

Briefs

Law of Sea Treaty

SOUTH EAST ASIA

AUSTRALIA

Australia, New Zealand To Sign Sea Law Pact

(Melbourne Overseas Service, 9 Dec 82) 4

INDONESIA

Mbkhtar Discusses LOS Treaty in Jamaica

(OANA, 7 Dec 82) 5

Mbkhtar Returns, Comments on Sea Law Convention

(OANA, 16 Dec 82) , 7

Briefs

Sea Law Convention Signing 9

Special Unit Protects Offshore Projects 9

-a - [III - WW - 136]
MALAYSIA

Commentary Views Sea Law Ratification Prospects

(Lumpur International Service, 9 Dec 82) 10

Briefs

LOS Implementation 112

PHILIPPINES

Virata Urges Marine Resources Inventory

(BULLETIN TODAY, 17 Dec 82) 13

THAILAND

Trawlers Attacked by Burmese Patrol Boat

(BANGKOK POST, 21 Nov 82) 15

Delegation To Sign Law of Sea Treaty in Jamaica

(Bangkok Domestic Service, 5 Dec 82) 16

LATIN AMERICA

BAHAMAS

Briefs

Law of Sea Convention Signature 17

CUBA

Reportage on LOS Conference

(Havana Domestic Service, 8, 10 Dec 82, Havana

International Service, 16 Dec 82) 18

Western Nations' Stand Scored

Minister Discusses Ratification of Treaty

Commentary Scores U.S. Stance, by Angel Hernandez

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

SENEGAL

Senegalese-Canadian Program for Fishing Surveillance

(Abdallah Faye; LE SOLEIL, 25 Nov 82) 21

- b -
SOUTH AFRICA

New Deal To Restore Fish Resources Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 8 Dec 82) 24

WEST EUROPE

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Premier Comments on Fishing Dispute With United Kingdom

(Nils Eric Boesgaard; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 23 Nov 82) 25

Norwegian Policies Around Svalbard, in North Sea Anger Danes

(Alf G. Anderson; AFTENPOSTEN, 1 Dec 82) 26

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Briefs

Cabinet Discusses Sea Law 28

TURKEY

Greek Attempts To Restrict Sea Routes Denounced

(ANATOLIA, 28 Dec 82) 29

'MILLIYET' Warns on LOS Applications to Aegean Sea

(Sami Kohen; MILLIYET, 16 Dec 82) . 30

Government Stand on Aegean Rights Unchanged

(ANATOLIA, 17 Dec 82) 32

Paper: Scores Rogers' Remarks on Aegean Issues

(Editorial, Oktay Eksi; HURRIYET, 18 Dec 82) .......... 33

- c f-
WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

USSR, NORWAY AGREE ON FISHING QUOTAS FOR 1983

PM251115 Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 20 Nov 82 p 11

[Kjell Dragnes report: "Norway Wins Largest Fishing Quota"]

[Text] Norway was able to push through all its views in the talks on next

year's Barents and Norwegian Sea fishing quotas and got the lion's share of

the cod, capelln and haddock quotas allocated. At the same time the Soviet

Union has been granted access to fish all its cod quota in the Norwegian economic zone.

The main question, which had still not been clearly answered by Soviet negotiating

' leader Vyacheslav Silanov on Friday [19 November] is whether Soviet fishing vessels

will respect Norway's unilateral increase in net mesh size to 135 mm in the Spitsbergen

fisheries protection zone. The size increase will come into force for the whole

Norwegian zone 1 January, but the Soviet Union expressed reservations about the protection zone in 1977. The cod quota will be the same as this year —340,000 tons — j

the maximum recommended by marine researchers in order to maintain stocks of spawning

fish. The Soviet Union had originally wanted a total quota of only 122,000 tons. The

agreed on quota is to be split down the middle, but after the Soviets have transferred

some of their quota to Norwegian fishermen, they may now fish 225,000 tons, around

two-thirds of the total.

' ' !

During the talks, the Soviet delegation was strongly critical of Norwegian overfishing

using passive tackle, and it is clear that next year stricter statutory measures will

be brought into operation. However, because it is difficult to regulate coastal fishing, Norway was unable to promise that no more cod than the quota would be caught. |

Both Silanov and his counterpart, Administrative Chief Gunnar Gundersen, said that they

were satisfied with the agreement, as did Norwegian Fishermen's Federation Chairman

Johan J. Toft. The agreement will also be of importance for next year's fisheries

state support grant which will probably total less because Norway won a larger share

of the total quota than the Norwegian Fishermen's Federation had expected.

; ' i

The total capelin quota was increased from 1.7 million tons in 1982 to 2.3 million i'

next year, divided 60 percent to Norway and 40 to the Soviet Union. Transfer of part

of the Soviet quota will give Norway in all 65 percent of the total quota. Of this,

1.1 million tons can be fished this winter, the rest in the summer. Norway has won

71 percent of the haddock quota of 77,000 tons which with transfers amounts to 55,000

tons. Both countries are agreed that it is necessary that fish stocks in the Barents

Sea — which as far as some species are concerned have fallen dangerously low — be

controlled and regulated. What the Soviet Union has gained in return, is blue whiting — a total of 485,000 tons, of which 285,000 tons can be fished around Jan Mayen

and the rest in the Norwegian zone. The Russians will also be allowed to fish 70,000

tons of Norway haddock in the Norwegian zone and 5,500 tons of Greenland halibut of

a total quota of 130,000 tons in the Norwegian zone.

CS0: 5200/2512
WORLDWIDE APFAIRS

USSR, FINLAND SIGN FISHING QUOTAS AGREEMENT

Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish 11 Dec 82 p 32

[Text] Finland and the Soviet Union have revised the agreement involving reciprocal fishing engaged in in the fishing zones of the two countries. During

negotiations entered into in Tallinn from the end of November through early

December, it was agreed that the Finns may take 50 tons of salmon out of the

Soviet zone next year and the Soviets 4,600 tons of Baltic herring out of the

Finnish zone,

Heikki Pitkanen, the assistant department head of the Agriculture and Forestry

Ministry, who led the Finnish delegation, said that two quite different kinds

of fishing are dealt with in the agreement. "The Finns are interested only

in salmon and the Soviets in Baltic herring and sprats caught along with them,

"The corresponding amounts for this year are 35 tons of salmon and 3,600 tons

of Baltic herring as well as 900 tons of sprats, so that this promises a

slight rise for next year," Pitkanen noted.

The Finns may use 15 boats in their fishing operations and the Soviets all told

32 trawlers with their auxiliary craft. In taking fish, Finnish fishermen

will themselves be responsible for observing the limits set on salmon. As for

the Soviets, they may take Baltic herring from the beginning of January to the

end of April and again from the beginning of September to the end of the year.

The Soviets will fish in the Finnish zone west of Hanko 12 nautical miles outside the border and the Finns, on the other hand, in the Soviet Union's Baltic

fishing zone. The agreement does not pertain to the Gulf of Finland,

"The Finns have already caught their full quota of salmon for this year and

the Soviets' share of the agreed-on amount is also now beginning to be accounted for," Pitkanen said.

11,466

CS0: 5200/2509
WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

LAW OF SEA TREATY—I* Exclusive' report by U.S. correspondent Yosef Pri'el]—

Washington—Israel refrained on Friday from signing ceremoniously in Jamaica

by 17 countries. The treaty sets new rules for passage in seas and straits,

and following its approval by more than 160 countries it became, in fact, an

international law on Friday. The law will have ramifications even for countries that did not join the treaty, including Israel. The approving of the

treaty at the close of the maritime law convention is a victory for the Third

World countries which imposed new arrangements on the superpowers in the seas.

Apart from Israel, there were 23 other countries which did not sign the treaty,

among them the United States, Britain, West Germany, Japan and Jordan. According to the new treaty, the territorial water limit was set at 12 miles

off shore from each country, and 200 miles from shore is recognized as the

limit of the economic exploitation area exclusive to the country involved.

One hundred straits in the world were designated as nonterritorial waters

and passage through them is free and assured to all countries. Every coun^

try in the world, including those not touching the sea, will get a share of

the income arising from the exploitation of the deep sea riches. iText]

1TA121125 Tel Aviv DAVAR in Hebrew 12 Dec 82 p 1]

CSO: 4400/126
AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND TO SIGN SEA LAW PACT

BK090915 Melbourne Overseas Service in English 0800 GMT 9 Dec 82

[Text], Australia and New Zealand have said that they will sign the United Nations Law

of the Sea Convention. Their decisions were announced at a 5-day conference on the

treaty at Montego Bay in Jamaica.

A signing ceremony is to be held on the final day of the meeting tomorrow, but a number

of developed countries — including the United States, Britain and West Germany — have

said they will not sign, at least for the time being. They have objected to provisions

on seabed mining which America has said are weighted against private enterprise.

Australia's chief Law of the Sea negotiator, Keith Brennan, said the great majority of

countries now recognize the resources of the seabed beyond national jurisdiction as

the common heritage of mankind.

CSO: 5200/4309
INDONESIA

MOKHTAR DISCUSSES LOS TREATY IN JAMAICA

BK071121 Jakarta OANA in English 0958 GMT 7 Dec 82

[Text] Montego Bay, Jamaica, 6 Dec (ANTARA/OANA)—"The Indonesian Government

believes that after 9 years of deliberation the Law of the Sea Conference has

achieved a monumental task in formulating the present text of the Law of the

Sea Convention, declared Foreign Minister Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja in his speech

before the United Nations Law of the Sea Conference at Montego Bay (Jamaica)

Monday afternoon.

According to him, Indonesia holds the view that the present text of the Law of

the Sea Convention contains„three major elements: Firstly, it simply codifies

the existing Law of the Sea which has grown either through customary or conventional laws. Many of the provisions dealing with high seas could be put into

this cateogry. For this reason, the provisions of the Law of the Sea Convention on this matter could be applicable to non-participant states by virtue of

the fact that they essentially are a part of the existing international law.

Secondly, there are provisions that clarify and redefine rules on matters that

are the results of political, scientific and technological development. These

include provisions relating to archipelagic states, exclusive economic zones,

continental shelves, pollution control, etc.

While the provisions in the Law of the Sea convention dealing with these matters

are gaining universal acceptance, it could not be asserted that non-parties to

the convention could take, benefit of them without being a party to the convention. It should be remembered that the world community before the convention

should be a comprehnsive one [phrase as received], covering all issues in a

grand package. The acceptance of compromises in the text of the convention is,

therefore, predicated upon the assumption that it will in the end be accepted

and adhered to by all in its entirety, Mokhtar declared.

He went on: "It would therefore be difficult to agree to a premise that a state

could gain benefit from a provision of the convention that is beneficial to

that particular state without being a party to the convention as a whole.

Thirdly, there are the provisions in the convention which are completely and

totally new in international law and without any precedent in state practice.

The provisions of the convention dealing with deep seabed mining fall under

this category and should be the only valid law applicable to these matters.
The Indonesian foreign minister reminded that the world community had agreed

since 1970 that the exploration of deep seabed resources beyond the limits of

national jurisdiction could only be undertaken under an international regime

yet to be established.

Thus, he added, there had never been any regime yet in international law dealing with deep seabed mining.

"Moreover, the world community also declared on a number of occasions the

illegality of unilateral national legislation on the deep seabed mining and

has declared reciprocal arrangements, the so-called mini-treaty among the few

likeminded industrial countries, to be illegal and unacceptable. It is,

therefore, the conviction of my (the Indonesian) government that the exploration and exploitation of deep seabed resources can only be legally undertaken

under the regime established by this convention," he said.

Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja further stated that one of the major remaining problems

was the effect that the Law of the Sea Convention would have on non-signatories

to the convention.

He stated: "It is the sincere wish of the Indonesian Government that all

states should become parties to this convention so that this question would not

arise. We believe that the present text is the maximum that could be achieved

by the world community since each and everyone of us compromised to achieve a

universally acceptable convention.

"We believe that on the whole, this convention is far better than nonconvention

at all or staying out of the convention."

He stressed that the Indonesian Government believed that this convention would

contribute towards world peace, towards the promotion of cooperation among

states and towards the orderly and rational use of the ocean space.

The present third UN Law of the Sea Conference started today and will last

till 10 December and will be closed with a ceremony of signing of the convention by the representatives of about 80 participant states, including Indonesia.

The Indonesian delegation to the conference comprises Foreign Minister Mokhtar

Kusumaatmaja (chairman), Dr Hasym Jalal (vice-chairman), of the Indonesian

permanent representation in the UN; Vice Admiral Sahono Subroto of defence

dept; Arman Bustaman of Mining Department; D.G. Napitupulu of Justice Dept; Lt

Col Adi Sumardiman of Defence Dept; Col Andiriati Gunadi of Defence Dept; S.

Zudhy Pane of Pertamina Oil Company; Nugroho Wisnumurti of UN Geneva [office];

Sugarda Wisaksono of the foreign office; Ismail Albanjar of ANTARA NEWS AGENCY;

and Haji Abdullah Kamil, expert staff of the foreign minister.

CSO: 5200/4311
INDONESIA

MOKHTAR RETURNS, COMMENTS ON SEA LAW CONVENTION

BK160831 Jakarta OANA in English 0736 GMT 16 Dec 82

[Text] Jakarta, 16 Dec (ANTARA/OANA)—Foreign Minister Mokhtar Kusumaatmja

welcomed with relief and gladness the signing of the Law of the Sea convention

by 117 countries in Montego Bay, Jamaica, recently. He commented on the matter

at his arrival at Halim Perdanakusumah airport from Jamaica Wednesday night.

Indonesia, represented by Mokhtar, was one of the countries signing the convention.

Mokhtar said the total number of countries that decided to sign the treaty last

10 December was beyond original expection. "It is a good omen for the future

of the convention," he commented before reporters who met him at Halim airport.

Indonesia, Mokhtar said, hails the signing of the convention with relief because the countries of the world had worked on it for 14 long years (including

the preparatory stage) or about 9 years if calculated from the first international conference on the convention in Caracas in 1974.

The fact that now the convention had been signed means that a number of the

sources of international conflicts had been resolved, he added. For example,

there should no longer be disputes concerning the 200-mile exclusive economic

zone of a country because stipulations on this matter are clearly set down in

the convention. The convention also has definite points concerning continental

shelves boundaries, marine environment protection and the other uses of the

seas, the Indonesian foreign minister said.

Mokhtar said for Indonesia, in particular, the International Law of the Sea

convention has a special significance in that it sets down formally a recognition of the "arehipelagic state" principle which Indonesia had fought for in

international fora for more than 25 years. With.this recognition, he explained,

the sea territory of Indonesia has increased by more than three million square

kilometers in measurement. For instance, Indonesia's exclusive economic zone

will from now be measured, starting from the outer limit of the archipelago's

water, he said. "So we have reason to be happy about the signing of the convention" he said.

The next problem for Indonesia is how to take full advantage of the new fact,

the foreign minister said. To benefit from the recognition of the arehipelagic

state concept, which the nation had long fought for, Indonesia would need

skills, technical capabilities and hard work, he said.
Before going to Jamaica to sign the convention, Foreign Minister Mokhtar

Kusumaatmaja had travelled to Austria and New York. In Austria he had had

talks on economics, politics and global affairs (such as disarmament) with

Austrian Foreign Minister Willy Pahr. Both foreign ministers had taken up

the subject of disarmament because it had drawn world attention. In 1981,

Mokhtar said, the countries of the world spent U.S. dollar 650 billion for

the purchases of various kinds of arms, at a time when the world's economy was

in great difficulty. Leaders in the developing countries believe so much money

should more wisely be spent for development, he said. In New York, Mokhtar had

talks with UN Secretary General Perez de Cuellar on East Timor and Kampuchea.

CSO: 5200/4311
INDONESIA

BRIEFS

SEA LAW CONVENTION SIGNING—Participants of the third UN Conference on the

Law of the Sea are signing the international convention on the Law of the Sea

in Montego Bay, Jamaica, today, 10 December. The international convention was

unanimously approved last 30 April, following 9 years of negotiations. Commenting on the occasion, ANGKATAN BERSENJATA editorially said yesterday [9

December] that the signing of the convention was very significant to Indonesia,

because under the convention Indonesia will have more territorial waters along

with whatever they may hold. The daily said that with the coming into effect

of the International Convention on the Law of the Sea, it will be necessary

for the country to renew its maritime law, a legacy of the preindependence

era. ANGKATAN BERSENJATA hoped that this task can be done by the government

together with the legislative council. Commenting on the same subject, Merdeka

regreted the attitude of the United States and a number of industrial countries

which are not prepared to sign the convention. The daily urged that we must

safeguard the archipelagic concept at all cost, because we must be aware that

eventually the principles of the archipelagic concept will be undermined by

the U.S. policy which is deplored by mankind. [From the press review] [Text]

[BK101154 Jakarta Domestic Service in Indonesian 2300 GMT 9 Dec 82]

SPECIAL UNIT PROTECTS OFFSHORE PROJECTS—The Indonesian naval chief of staff,

Admiral Waluyo Sugito, yesterday launched the Indonesian Navy's special force

called the Jala Mangkara at a ceremony held on board the (Arindu) oil rig off

Ceribon coast. The special force is to safeguard important offshore projects.

Admiral Waluyo Sugito said that the formation of the Jala Mangkara special

force is a response to the challenges and threats from outside as well as inside the country. As an example, the naval chief of staff said the discovery

of oil and gas deposits in the Natuna sea needs control and protection from

all kinds of disturbances. At present, there are some 300 important offshore

oil drilling installations throughout Indonesian territorial waters. [Text]

[BK301407 Jakarta Domestic Service in Indonesian 1200 GMT 30 Nov 82]

CSO: 5200/4311
MALAYASIA

COMMENTARY VIEWS SEA LAW RATIFICATION PROSPECTS

BK091408 Kuala Lumpur International Service in English 0800 GMT 9 Dec 82

[Unattributed commentary]

[Text] Reportedly the United States has launched a worldwide campaign to

prevent the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea from going into effect. The

treaty, negotiated over the past 8 years, is scheduled for signing that leads

to ratification in Jamaica'tomorrow. The U.S. reaction is hardly surprising:

It has openly opposed certain'provisions governing seabed mining; it is against

the setting up of an international undersea mining corporation that would

automatically gain exploitation right to half of each site discovered by private

consortiums and to which those private companies would have to transfer their

mining technology. Also taxes collected from future seabed mining could be

distributed to less developed countries and the United States and other major

western undersea mining countries would have only one quarter of the votes of

the international authority that would set the rules for the operation.

The United States, which has the technology to start mining the seabed with

rich mineral resources right away, feels that those provisions are weighted

against it. Besides, the reluctance to transfer its technology to countries

which do not have the knowhow at the moment and to share with them the financial

benefits from its investments, it is also not prepared to face the prospects

of being outvoted in the international authority that will be set up under the

convention.

On the other hand, the (?casual) signatories to the convention are overwhelmingly

in favor of the incorporation of those provisions which they deem essential if

their interests are to be protected. They are fearful that without such provisions the United States and other major undersea mining countries may take

advantage of their lack of knowhow to exploit the vast potential in mineral

resources under the sea. At the same time they see the U.S. position as a

violation of the basic concept of the convention that the sea is the common

heritage of mankind.

The United States and other similarly inclined countries will not be able to

prevent the Law of the Sea Convention from coming into force whether they like

it or not. While it still needs 50 nations to sign the document for a commission

10
tö begin drafting the operating regulations which do not go into effect until

1 year after 60 nations have formally ratified it, all indications point to

its ratification. At the last meeting of :the United Nations in April, 130

countries voted to approve its final draft.

Only the United States and three other countries voted against it. As one

diplomat has put it, there are 45 nations in Africa alone and he cannot believe

that the remaining 15.cannot be found.

It is inevitable that the United States will fail to prevent the Law of the Sea

convention from coming into force, and what may result from this is that the

United States may go ahead unilaterally to exploit the riches of the seabed.

Already there have been reports that a few countries, namely, Britain,West Germany

and Italy, may join the United States Under a mini-treaty. Of course, any

operation initiated by this group of countries, whether unilaterally or multilaterally, will be illegal while the convention is ratified. While [words

indistinct] with it because enforcement will be difficult, they will incur the

condemnation of the countries which are signatories to the convention. It is

hoped that it will not come to this and the dissenting countries, notably the

United States, will accept the fact that with or without their participation,

the Law of the Sea convention will be ratified.

CSO: 5200/4308

11
MALAYSIA

BRIEFS

LOS IMPLEMENTATION—Malaysia says the early implementation of the International

Law of the Sea Treaty will enhance the security and economic wellbeing of island

states. This will enable them to contribute positively to the economic development and security of the world. Its minister of foreign affairs, Tan Sri Ghazali

Shafie, made the remark at the signing ceremony of the treaty in Montego Bay,

Jamaica, today. He expressed regret that certain countries have decided not to

be parties to the convention. They should reconsider their decision and view

the treaty in its totality and not from a narrow viewpoint. [Excerpt] [BK100913

Kuala Lumpur International Service in English 0800 GMT 10 Dec 82]

CSO: 5200/4308

12
PHILIPPINES

VIRATA URGES MARINE RESOURCES INVENTORY

HK180246 Manila BULLETIN TODAY in English 17 Dec 82 p 26

[TextJ Prime Minister Cesar Virata the other day called for an inventory of

the country's marine resources that fall within the Philippine Sea Territory

that will be defined under the newly-signed United Nations Law of the Sea

Convention.

Virata, assessing the new treaty that was signed by 119 countries, including

the Philippines in Jamaica last week, said an inventory of the country's

marine resources would be necessary to enhance the Philippines' negotiating

position with countries which now have the technology to harness those resources.

He admitted that while economic benefits could accure to the Philippines from

the new treaty, the Philippines still does not have the technology to harness

the mineral resources from under the seabed.

Such projects require huge capital outlay that only well-financed consortia

of big foreign companies are capable of exploring the mineral wealth of the

seabed. Virata said that some formula must be worked out by the Philippines

with foreign investors who possess the technology and capital to explore the

resources of the sea and a fair return on investment, similar to the one

worked out for offshore exploration of oil and gas.

He said that the government must study whether it could extend the service

contract concept to the possible exploitation of the sea resources.

In the inventory of marine resources, he added, it was necessary that some

"strategic areas" be first identified so that steps could be taken to augment

land resources with sea resources.

He also pointed to the need to re-define the Philippine "base-lines" as a result of the new Law of the Sea Convention.

The Philippines was one of the 119 countries which signed the Law of the Sea

Convention in Jamaica last week—an agreement reached after nine years:of

negotiations among countries.

13
About 22 countries, including the United States which is regarded as the

country possessing the capital and technology to mine the seabeds, refused to

sign the agreement.

Other non-signatories were such advanced countries as West Germany, Japan,

Italy and Belgium.

Virata referred to the problem of dealing with countries, which may have the

technology and capital to exploit sea resources, but did not sign the agreement. "How do we deal with them?" he asked.

CSO: 5200/4313

14
THAILAND

TRAWLERS ATTACKED BY BURMESE PATROL BOAT

BK210200 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English 21 Nov 82 p 1

[Text] A Thai trawler carrying a crew of 28 was seized by a Burmese patrol

boat early yesterday morning after a chase near Koh Surin, 200 nautical

miles south of Ranong Province in the Andaman Sea.

Another Thai trawler, one of 10 chased by the patrol boat, caught fire

when it was shot at by the Burmese and some of those on board are believed

to have been injured.

It is not known how many crewmen were on board.

The seized trawler was named as the Wanphen Mahachai-10 and the boat which

caught fire as the Ranong-16.

The Samut Sakhon Fisheries Association's radio centre said it learned of

the incident at 9 a.m. yesterday in a message from one of the 10 trawlers

involved.

The centre said the message was sent by the Thida Nawin-2, which reported

that it had been able to escape the Burmese boat in a fog bank.

The Thai boats were trawling about 170 nautical miles off the Burmese coast

when the patrol boat began harassing them at about 6 a.m. yesterday, according to the crew of the Thida Nawin-2.

It said that after the attack on the Ranong-16, the patrol boat began chasing four other trawlers.

The Thida Nawin-2 and two other trawlers—the Lukchai Udomsap-14 and Cho

Chaiwatcharoen—had to cut their nets before escaping, the centre said.

The whereabouts of the other trawlers is not known.

This is the second seizure of Thai fishing boats in less than a week. On

November 14, seven trawlers were seized by four Vietnamese gunboats while

they were fishing about 30 nautical miles south of Thon Island, in the

South China Sea.

CSO: 5200/4312

15
THAILAND

DELEGATION TO SIGN LAW OF SEA TREATY IN JAMAICA

BK050718 Bangkok Domestic Service in English 0000 GMT 5 Dec 82

' [Text] A Thai delegation will leave Bangkok this coming Monday for a 5-day visit to

! Jamaica to sign the new international Law of the Sea Treaty in Kingston. Leading the

.. delegation by order of the cabinet will be Deputy Foreign Minister Arun Phanuphong. i

i The new treaty will cover jurisdiction of ocean resources, international navigation , i

! through straits, exclusive economic zones and continental shelves. The law also deals

'i with the revolutionary concept that nonliving resources are a common heritage of man-

.' kind. '". r

': Thailand is expected to claim an exclusive economic zone of about 48,000 square nautical

; miles if the new concept is implemented. """ • -

CSO: 5200/4312

16
BAHAMAS

BRIEFS

LAW OF SEA CONVENTION SIGNATURE-~The Bahamas is today signing a convention

of great importance. The Honorable Paul Adderley, minister of external affairs, will on behalf of our country sign the UN Law of the Sea Convention.

The convention is viewed as having the necessary machinery to avoid international conflicts over the ocean. The agreement reached after more than 8

years of negotiations hopes to regulate the exploitation of the seabed. The

United States, Britain and a few other major industrial countries said they

will not sign that convention. jText^ XFL101415 Nassau Domestic Service in

English 1300 GMT 10 Dec 8'2J

CSO: 5200/2006

17
CUBA

REPORTAGE ON LOS CONFERENCE

Western Nations1Stand Scored

FL081355 Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 1200 GMT 8 Dec 82

jText] The law of the sea convention has a high historic significance, only

comparable to the creation itself of the United Nations, and constitutes a

valuable contribution to the preservation of world peace, Cuban Vice Foreign

Minister Pelegrin Torras, who heads our country's delegation to the third

conference on that important topical subject, has stated.

Torras criticized the stand of some superpowers which attempt to ignore the

current legal norms governing the use and exploitation of ocean resources.

The Cuban vice minister recalled that this is the same position adopted by

some developed countries in the Western world, bringing to a halt the socalled North^South negotiations for a new international economic order.

Minister Discusses Ratification of Treaty

FL1Q1323 Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 1200 GMT 10 Dec 82

iText] Cuba is confident that sooner or later the developed countries—which

today disparage the law of the sea treaty—will join the overwhelming majority of the international community and ratify it. This statement was made by

Cuban Vice Foreign Minister Pelegrin Torras during a press conference in

Montego Bay, Jamaica, the site for the UN meeting that examined the subject.

The Cuban leader noted that the already guaranteed ratification by more-than

100 countries on the eve of the final ceremomy will prompt UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar to convoke the creation of the preparatory

committee and the international tribunal on the law of the sea prior to

next March.

Finally, Torras indicated that Cuba supports the Convention of the Law of the

Sea in solidarity with countries of the Third World, which have been waging a

protracted struggle for the delimitation of territorial waters and, in addition, because the treaty represents an important instrument in maintaining

world peace.

18
Commentary Scores U.S. Stance

PA180350 Havana International Service in Spanish 0000 GMT 16 Dec 82

I"World Events" commentary read by Angel Hernandez]

[Text] Barefaced as it was, the refusal of the United States and other Western powers to sign the UN Law of the Sea Convention did not shock the media

representatives who attended the solemn ceremony held in Montego Bay, Jamaica.

It is almost inconceivable that Washington and several of its allies should

have shown so little political sense by opposing a decision that received

the support of 119 countries, including several developed capitalist nations

such as Denmark, France and Canada.

The preparatory commission of the international authority that will regulate

the exploitation of maritime resources will begin its work in March. According to the long debates on the subject, this authority will oversee a rational

use of the huge resources of the seas and ensure an equitable distribution

of benefits obtained from it. That is why many analysts regard the approval

of the convention on maritime rights as a resounding victory for the underdeveloped nations, which received full support from the socialist community,

which is interested in achieving justice in international relations.

The same sources noted also that the meeting at Montego Bay resulted in a

significant setback for the divisionist policy of the United States, which

has tried at all costs to defend the so-called free enterprise that would

allow it tio do as it pleases in the oceans. In fact, at the meeting on the

law of the sea that preceded the conclave in Jamaica, U.S. Delegate (James

Malone) energetically asserted that private enterprises cannot be restrained

by an international decision involving the possibility that other nations that

do not have adequate technology would insist on extracting from the seabed resources that are indispensable for their economic development.

Although it is true that the exploitation of minerals in the seabeds demands

an average initial investment of $1 billion as well as high technology, the

international agreement stipulates that such expenses will be covered with

multilateral financing based on the amount of each country's contribution to

the United Nations, with an accordingly equitable distribution of benefits.

Despite the intensive work done by the international community in favor of

establishing a legal system for the utilization of maritime resources, the

White House authorized the transnational enterprises last year to begin exploitation activities in the Pacific and establish a system to safeguard the

rights allegedly acquired by the mentioned consortiums of international organizations set up—as they did-—regulations on the subject.

The injection of 23 billion tons of minerals that are believed to lie on

the seabeds to fuel capitalism's squandering would undoubtedly be fabulous

business for the tycoons, who enjoy all comforts while 14 million U.S. citizens are jobless. However, humankind is already aware of the intentions of

19
the old imperialist wolf, and the wolf's gnashing teeth often crash

against the rock of international willV which is bent on establishing a world

of justice and peace.

CSO: 5200/2007

20
SENEGAL

SENEGALESE-CANADIAN PROGRAM FOR FISHING SURVEILLANCE

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 25 Nov 82 p 4

[Article by Abdallah Faye: "Protection and Surveillance of Fisheries:

Aircraft to Protect Exclusive Maritime Zone"]

[Excerpts] The integrated project on "Protection and Surveillance of»Fisheries," co-financed by Senegal and Canada, will begin in an effective way at

the very beginning of next year.

At present the three aspects which make up the program are at different

levels of implementation, but even so they are moving forward in a satisfactory way in order to allow the technicians to begin to work effectively at

the beginning of 1983.

The first surveillance aircraft manufactured in Canada for the project will

be received before the end of the year, and Air Force pilots are presently

in training on this type of aircraft and for this kind of work.

At the computer center of the Thiaroye Oceanographic Research Center (CROT)

the peripheral buffers of the computer will soon be completed, while the

scientific resources available to the CROT will be strengthened.

Orders for equipment have been placed in Canada, and the directors of the

project are waiting for the imminent arrival of the first shipments.

Finally, part of the team of Canadian experts is now on hand. The project in

itself is an original one, because it rests on three aspects to be carried

out by three different ministries.

Thus, the Secretariat of State for Maritime Fisheries, through the Directorate

of Fisheries, is responsible for the administrative aspect, which is the

heart of the project, while the scientific aspect has been turned over to

the Secretariat of State for Scientific and Technical Research, through the

CROT. The third and operational aspect has been turned over to the Ministry

of the Armed Forces, with the participation of the Air Force.

Dr Toure, in charge of the project in the Directorate of Fisheries, explains

that, "rarely does a project depend on so many ministries. This is what

makes the project so interesting." Through the scientific aspect the

21
integrated project seeks to make a census of the fishing resources of

Senegal, in order to make "the most exact evaluation possible," he emphasizes, of existing fishing resources and thus to propose programs for their

rational exploitation. The data obtained will be fed into the CROT computer

in order to permit their use in the framework of the administrative aspect,

which involves the development program.

In fact it is this administrative aspect which will result in a development

plan for fishing resources in our country, through the establishment of a

carefully-considered system of regulation, based on the most reliable scientific knowledge.

In this way fishing licenses will be issued by the government in terms of

what we have in the way of resources.

Through this key aspect action will also be taken to determine the levels

of exploitation of the fishing resources by defining quotas for capturing

all species of fish, particularly those species which are more abundant.

In return the administrative aspect will be the point where plans are made

for the seizure of fishing boats found in violation of the regulations in

our waters.

The final aspect, which is concerned with operations, is the strong arm of

the whole structure. The Air Force will have aircraft (initially a "Twin

Otter") to provide air cover which will complement the activity of naval

units used by the Senegalese Navy in the surveillance of the fisheries.

As we have seen, the project involves three aspects which will be effectively

linked by a network of administrative information and communications. In

fact, each time that the surveillance aircraft takes off it will automatically

be in contact with the "Command Post" of the project and with the Navy.

In this way, as information comes down to the ground regarding the boat that

is violating the regulations, the data will be analyzed very quickly to allow

for rapid action, supported by the patrol craft of the Sengalese Navy.

Over the long term, although the project is ambitious, it will allow us to

protect our fishing resources against the planned plundering activities

carried out on our Atlantic coast by foreign fishing boats. For it is of

no use to have resources if you cannot protect them, both against foreign

boats as well as against domestic fishing boats which excel in breaking the

regulations when that is convenient to them.

The system of protection will include the economic exclusive zones of 200

miles from our coasts, in order to prevent unauthorized boats from fishing

there.

The effort seems to be a daring one, in the sense that it will be necessary

to keep watch over 700 kilometers of coasline, multiplied by a distance of

300 kilometers out to sea. This constitutes an ocean territory about equal

to the total land area of the country!

22
As fish are little by little taking the place of peanuts as a crop in our

country, our hopes should not be quickly disappointed. This has made

Senegal take action in time, thanks to Canada, which has provided us with

assistance ammounting to CFA F 2.2 million to carry out properly a project

which is so close to our hearts.

5170

CSO: 5200/10

23
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW DEAL TO RESTORE FISH RESOURCES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Dec 82 p 12

[Text] CAPE TOWN;— A

"new deal" aimed at

restoring the pilchard;

resource off the coast

of South Africa^ and

SWA has been announced by the Dep-":

uty Minister of Fisheries and Environmental

Conservation, Mr

John Wiley.

In a statement issued in

Cape Town last night, he

- also' announced adjust-;

mentsin the stockfish and-

-sole quotas and warned'

about sterner measures to

be taken againsrmalpractices. :

The new deal en fish

quotas had been agreed

lo by the industry, Mr Wileysaid.

In essence it amounts

to a splitting of the fishing

season into two, to allow

time for fish to mature

sexually and to apply the

quota to pilchards and anchovies only. Other fish

would then be caught

without restriction, barring the announced closure ofthe fishing season.

Mr Wiley said the pilchard resource had. "collapsed".

The West Coast pilchard catch had, over the

past ten years, been diminishing, while the anchovy catch increased.

There was good reason

to beKeve that although"

sufficient numbers of

young fish were left in

shoals to reproduce, 95

percent of anchovies

caught in autumn and

winter were not sexually

mature ' and weighed

about a third of what they}

would if caught in sum-;

.mer,;..... „..„.• ';.. ,.........-". . • ;

Although- the current

quota of 380 000 tons had

been virtually unchanged

since instituted, and although he shared the

anxiety of his departmental scientists who wanted

to cut the quota to

325000 tons, Mr Wiley

said he did not believe the

problem of "safe exploitation" of the resource

would be solved by a

drastic quota cut.

Mr Wiley said" that the

end of the first 1983

catching season would be

announced once half the

anchovy/pilchard quota

had been caught and

other catches carefully

monitored.

"In practice this means

that threatened resources

will be given -about six

months to increase in size

and to reproduce and that

fishermen would have to

wait for the end of 1983 to

be paid for their second

season catches," he said.

CSO: 5200/11 24
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.

PREMIER COMMENTS ON FISHING DISPUTE WITH UNITED KINGDOM

PM251349 Copenhagen BERL1NGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 23 Nov 82 (Financial

Supplement) p 2

[Dispatch by Nils Eric Boesgaard: "Schleuter in Downing Street"]

[Text] London—"I cannot imagine that 1 January will come and go without our

succeeding in finding a solution to the fisheries problems," Prime Minister

Poul Schleuter said at a press conference at the Danish Embassy in London,

Schleuter was in London at the invitation of the British prime minister, and

yesterday evening was Mrs Thatcher's guest at a working dinner at 10 Downing

Street.

During the press conference British journalists launched a tough attack on the

prime minister. The questions dealt almost exclusively with Denmark's rejection of the new EEC fisheries arrangements, which has caused much anger in

Britain, where there is open talk of a new cod war and of mobilizing the fleet

against Danish fishermen.

Poul Schleuter gave a detailed explanation of the Danish position and showed

graphics, made by the prime minister himself, on some orange-colored cardboard.

It showed Denmark's, Britain's and the other EEC nations' shares of annual

catches in the North Sea. "I am willing to accept that the largest share

should go to Britain, but it cannot be intended that all the additional fish

which the British have been allowed should be taken from us," he said.

When asked whether he would encourage Danish fishermen to ignore British fishing regulations, the prime minister replied, "no!" but at the same time he

warned the British that Denmark was prepared to go to the EEC court. According to the Treaty of Rome, members have free access to each other's fishing

waters—and it would be unpleasant for the British if the arrest and sentencing of Danish fishing boats were to be quashed by the EEC court, he said.

CSO: 5200/2511

25
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

NORWEGIAN POLICIES AROUND SVALBARD, IN NORTH SEA ANGER DANES

Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 1 Dec 82 p 11

[Article by Alf G. Andersen]

[Text] Norway is conducting a selfish national fishing policy not only around

Svalbard and in the North Sea, but also north of the 62nd parallel. Anger at

Norway is increasing in Denmark, This was clearly shown in an opinion poll

taken by the Fridtjof Nansen Foundation, The same sentiment was expressed

toward Norway's energy policies.

The head of the institute, Willy Ostreng, who took the survey in countries that

border on the Norwegian ocean zones, told AFTENPOSTEN that the Danes have a

particularly negative opinion of Norwegian fishing policies. Ostreng questioned

representatives of business organizations, administration, the press, and

broadcasting. Up to now, these opinions among Danes have been latent, but

according to all indications it now would take little to bring these feelings

to the surface.

Ostreng was asked why the Danes felt this way.

"First of all, the international law of the sea has been unfavorable to Denmark

in many areas, while Norway has profited most from the international agreements.

Denmark also has had disputes with other EC countries and has lost the right

to fish in large ocean areas. The Danes are unhappy because these losses have

not been compensated by offers of increased fishing possibilities in Norwegian

waters north of the 62nd parallel. Because of this, Danish fishing has been

reduced considerably."

On reason for Denmark's dissatisfaction with Norway is that the Danes are

prohibited from fishing the protected waters around Svalbard. The Danes claim

that these waters are " nondiscriminating" and that they should be permitted

to fish there.

"The idea of protected waters in this area is accepted only by Norway and

Danish authorities do not feel obliged to accept the idea. As you know, this

resulted in the "capelin war" in the Svalbard zone last fall," Ostreng said.

Ostreng was asked about Norway's chances of winning the "capelin case" if it

26
were brought before an international tribunal,

"Norway has a strong case. The establishment of protected waters is in line

with international practice--and in line with the conventions of the most

recent international law of the sea conference. Today an overwhelming majority

of nations favor regulating fishing and preserving fish species. The Norwegian

protected waters are part of such a fishing policy. But the protected waters

were proclaimed by Norway and no other country has accepted Norway's decision.

They merely have accepted the concept behind the proclamation."

The expression "imperialism at sea" is used more and more often by the Danish

mass media in reference to Norway's fishing policies. Ostreng was asked if

this expression were appropriate,

"It is incorrect to use this expression in its traditional meaning. In spite

of everything, Norway has done nothing but follow the decisions of United

Nations conferences in which most countries participated. Most countries

believe that what Norway is doing is correct in principle. Imperialism is,

for example, when rich countries help themselves at the expense of poor

countries. The Danes, however, consider themselves extremely unfortunate when

it comes to recent trends in the law of the sea, Denmark did not really profit

from the 200-mile territorial limit, while Norway quadrupled its territories.

In 1970 Denmark was one of the nine leading fishing nations in the world. The

fishing industry was expanding and the country was extremely active in what

now are Norwegian waters. The Danes also are extremely unhappy since they

have lost the right to fish in expansive and well*-stocked regions north of

the 62nd parallel. Denmark believes that Norway should have gdven some

compensation by granting Denmark the right to fish in these waters,"

Ostreng said that the opinion poll also included energy questions. There also

was strong opposition to Norway's energy policies, although it was milder than

on the fishing issue. Opinions vary, however, on environmental policies, which

also were included in the poll. In this case, most Danes approved of the .

Norwegian policies.

9336

CSO: 5200/2508

27
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

BRIEFS

CABINET DISCUSSES SEA LAW—Bonn, 8 Dec—On Wednesday the Federal Cabinet

agreed not to make a decision yet on the question of signing the law of the

sea convention. The cabinet plans to deal with the matter again in a few

months. A 2-year period has been set for signing the convention. Government

spokesman Stolze reported after the cabinet meeting that objections to the

planned management of the sea floor had been voiced in the discussion, as

had reasons favoring signing the law of the sea convention. In its final

decision the Federal Government intends to take into consideration the attitudes of the partner states which to date have not been determined. [Text]

[DW291105 Frankfurt FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 9 Dec 82 p 2]

CSO: 5200/2515

28
TURKEY

GREEK ATTEMPTS TO RESTRICT SEA ROUTES DENOUNCED

TA281615 Ankara ANATOLIA in English 1604 GMT 28 Dec 82

[Text] Ankara, Dec 28 (AA) — The attempt by Greece to exclude some of the routes

linking the Aegean to the Mediterranean from free transit passage is "arbitrary"

and "in violation of the rules of international law and maritime law conventions." u

Commenting on the Greek attempt to include the waterways between the Aegean Islands

under the exceptions to the freedom of navigation through all straits, Akiman said

the regulations on straits open to international navigation and the rights and !

functions of the coastal state were expressed in maritime law conventions. All :

waterways aside from the limited number of exceptions such as the Turkish Straits i

were subject to rules of free transit passage, he added. !

In fact, the Foreign Ministry spokesman explained, in a declaration issued at the end I

of the sea law conference, Greece had tried to create a new category of waterway which !

it described as so-called "alternate straits" between islands forming an archipelago, j

and in this way to close some of the Aegean waterways leading to the Mediterranean I

to free transit passage. Greece's behavior was entirely arbitrary, and was not valid [

under the conference on the law of the sea or under international law. I

During the recent conference oh the law of the sea, Greece had unsuccessfully

attempted, Akiman reminded, to extend the rules to be applied to states consisting i

entirely of an archipelago to the islands of mainland states. Now it was trying to I

go beyond the provisions of the convention, he added. _ '

CSO: 5200/4702

29
TURKEY

'MILLIYET' WARNS ON LOS APPLICATIONS TO AEGEAN SEA

NC210945 Istanbul MILLIYET in Turkish 16 Dec 82 p 2

["Looking at the World" column by Sami Kohen: "Before the Storm Breaks Out"]

[Excerpts] A~convention which may disturb Turkey in the future has definitely assumed

its final form. The international Law of the Sea Convention and the final instrument .

attached to it has been signed by 119 countries soon after it was open to signature.

The section concerning the territorial waters undoubtedly concerns us. This section

entitles countries to extend their territorial waters up to 12 miles. Turkey had

objected to this right from the start of the conference, and had urged that seas like

the semi-closed Aegean which has very special characteristics should not be subject

to this general principle. This view has not been included in the convention and

Turkey's efforts to include some reservations in the final instrument have been turned

down. Consequently, Turkey signed neither the convention nor the final instrument. The

reasons are obvious, and these reasons had been communicated to the countries concerned:

i. In the event that territorial waters in the Aegean Sea are extended to 12 miles,

this sea will become a Greek lake. As can be clearly seen from the detailed maps

published and distributed to the entire world, if this happens, Turkish ships entering

Izmir will have to pass through "the Greek territorial waters." For Turkey, the Aegean

will cease to be a sea that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara with the

Mediterranean.

2. This situation will cause serious disadvantages for Turkey from a commercial, j

strategic and military point of view.

3. As soon as it extends its territorial waters to 12 miles in the Aegean, Greece will

seek to adjust its airspace and continental shelf accordingly. ;

4. Such a practice in the Aegean will upset the balance and the status that has been j

maintained since the Lausanne treaty — against the interests of Turkey. Undoubtedly,

this is Athens' main objective.

As pointed out emphatically again by Foreign Minister Turkmen after the convention was :

open to signing, it is absolutely out of the question for Turkey to accept such an

implementation as it may upset Turkey's interests in the Aegean. "This would be j

considered an action committed against our vital interests and appropriate action would • need to be taken."

To put it more clearly, as also stressed before in official statements, this is "reason

for war." . .

30
In that case, what will Papandreou do? Will he take this warning seriously and abandon

the decision he has taken unilaterally to extend his territorial waters to 12 miles?

Or will he attempt to create a fait accompli on the strength of the argument that the

convention has given him a new right?

It is observed that Athens for the time being is maintaining complete silence and that

the Greek press refrains from uttering cries of triumph. One of the reasons for this

may be the serious difficulties Papandreou has to confront at home. Another reason

perhaps is that he has decided to "work silently and intensively" in order to win

world opinion over to his side. .—

What is certain is that Greece will, in a wider time Space, seek to evaluate this

opportunity. That is why Turkey has to be vigilant In the months and years ahead and

resort to all the "deterring" means at its disposaj before a new storm breaks out in

the Aegean. • /•-.

CSO: 5200/4700

31
TURKEY

"GOVERNMENT STAND ON AEGEAN RIGHTS UNCHANGED

TA171553 Ankara ANATOLIA in English 1530 GMT 17 Dec 82

[Text] Ankara, Dec 17 (AA) — Turkey maintains her views on rights in the Aegean Sea,

Foreign Ministry spokesman Kaya Toperi said, and is determined to take any necessary

measures in case "Greece attempts a fait-accompli intended to expand its area of

sovereignty."

The spokesman noted in his weekly press conference Friday Turkey had not signed the

final act of the international conference on the law of the sea, and preserved the views

clearly expressed on May 23, 1982 by Foreign Minister liter Turkmen, who said: Greece

knows that the particular features of the Aegean and the balance of rights and intereStS|

between Turkey and Greece in the Aegean does not allow for any expansion of territorial

waters beyond 6 miles. There should be no doubt about our stand on

1this point.

"Turkey is determined to take all necessary measures in case Greece attempts a faitaccompli intended to expand its area of sovereignty. Extension of territorial waters

beyond 6 miles would upset the status quo, the balance of sovereignty and security in

the Aegean. In that case, it would become inevitable to redefine all the elements

of the status quo in the Aegean, and the responsibility would lie with Greece.

CSO: 5200/4700

32
TURKEY

PAPER: SCORES ROGERS' REMARKS ON AEGEAN ISSUES

NC210905 Istanbul HURRIYET in Turkish 18 Dec 82 p 3

[Editorial by Oktay Eksi: "General Rogers Is Responsible"]

[Text] One tends to say "No" to Honorable Gen Bernard Rogers Who told journalists in

Washington: "Neither Turkey nor Greece is responsible for the southeast region of NATO.

The entire alliance is responsible for the region. The Turkish and Greek commanders

should get together and reach agreement on the defense and control of this region in

the event of war." The general went on to say that "if they do not do this in peaceitime, defending the area would be extremely difficult during the war." It is not enough

to say this.

What is more, he has no right to wash his hands of this situation by further saying:

"The administrators of both countries are aware of the need to cooperate on the question

of the control command region. We have had lengthy talks with them in this respect.

The independence of any region during the war is out of the question. The Aegean airspace is a national airspace and it will be protected by the members of the alliance."

You might ask: "Why has he no right to talk like this?"

Because both the "airspace" in the Aegean and the militarization of Limnos and the other

Aegean islands are old problems with which General Rogers is fully familiar. Let us

leave aside the question of the militarization of Limnos and the other Aegean islands.

Our successive governments had sufficed by merely protesting against the militarization

]of these islands contrary to the 1923 Lausanne treaty and the 1947 Paris treaty, and we

are now suffering the penalty for this negligence. But the question of the "control

command area" in the Aegean, that is, how much of the Aegean Sea will be Turkey's

responsibility and how much will be Greece's responsibility directly concerns General

Rogers.

The reason is that when Greece abandoned NATO's military wing in 1974, Turkey persistently argued that "this matter must be subjected to new rules. It is obvious that the

old practice which left the Aegean completely under Greece's command is objectionable

iand unjust." As a matter of fact, this was a disputed issue.

In fact, Turkey had argued for a long time that it would object to Greece's return to

NATO before the "Aegean control command issue was resolved." But as a result of U.S.

pressure and Gen Rogers' promise saying "agree to Greece's return to NATO for the time

being and I shall secure the settlement of this issue through negotiations," Turkey

abandoned its resistance and Greece was again accepted into the military wing of NATO.

The interesting aspect of this matter is that former Foreign Minister Hasan Esat Isik

had almost presented today's tableau by making this statement (see CUMHURIYET 23.10.

1980): "The Turkish Government has taken a courageous decision on the assumption that

Greece will act reasonably in the future. We have got to be extemely careful with

NATO's military planning and decisions so that this decision does not damage our rights

33
and responsibilities in the Aegean. We observed in the past that the NATO military

headquarters could>take decisions which would enable Greece to create faits accomplis

against Turkey in the Aegean."

General Rogers should not forget that he is responsible for fulfilling his pledges, not

for issuing advice. .'...„..

CSO: 5200/4700 END

34