JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NIGER

MINES MINISTER ON 'GOLD RUSH'
Niamey SAHEL DIMANCHE in French 25 Jan 85 p 5

[Interview with Sani Koutoubi, Minister of Mines and Industries; date and place
not specified: "Gold Strike in the Sirba Valley: 60-Kilo Treasure Trove"]

[Text] SAHEL DIMANCHE: Mr Minister, as you know, gold has been
found in the Sirba Valley. Thousands of people are already at
the site, and digging for themselves in the open-pit mine there.
Can you confirm this news for us?

Sani Koutoubi: Of course I can.. It is no secret.

S.D.: It would seem, furthermore, that the discovery is not new,
and that the government, through its official agencies, has been
prospecting in this region for the past 20 years.

S.K.: Yes, that is correct: the National Agency for Mineral Re~
search and Production (ONAREM) has conducted major research in
the Sirba Valley, concentrating on the localities of Tourey,
Boulkagou Tiambi, Al Mani Gountou, and Bani Gountou, among others.
In the process, the entire gamut of research methods has come into
play: :

-- Trenches and wells were ,dug and samples taken for. assays in the
laboratory of gold content, and field-tests were: done at the wash-
ing-trough; :

-- Geophysical measurements were taken by magnetometer to pro-
vide a clearer picture of some anomalies noted;

-- More than 1,400 meters of core samples were ‘taken, some of
them from 350 meters below the surface.

-- All this work enabled us to pinpoint the zones of Bani. Goun-
tou. and Al Mani Gountou as the most promising from the point of
view of gold content.

Systematic prospecting in these two zones enabled us to assess
their gold-bearing potential.

54


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COLORED COMMUNITY FACES KAT RIVER REMOVAL
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 19 Jan 85 p 9

[Text] In the shadow of the magnificent Katberg, a historic community is
being displaced by apartheid.

The Stockenstrom district, where the Kat River Settlement was once estab-
lished as a coloured buffer zone between white settler and Xhosa, is being
handed over to Ciskei.

The future is uncertain for the estimated 6,000-strong coloured community--
descendants of the soldiers who were granted the land in the early 19th
century in recognition of their services during the frontier wars.

“Over us hangs a dark cloud," said Mr William Lootz, of Tamboekiesvlei,
whose land has been in his family for 150 years.

The community does not know when they will have to leave, where they can go
or, in many cases, how much compensation they will be paid.

The border has already shifted very close to Tamboekiesvlei, to include
Seymour, a few kilometres away. Since July last year, the white and blue
flag of Ciskei has flown over the Seymour police station.

But even for the local black population, incorporation into "their own state"
has been, at best, ambivalent.

In the Seymour hotel, recently taken over by the Ciskeian Minister of Economic
Development, Chief M. E. P. Malefane, three young men complain bitterly about
the lack of work opportunities.

The white farmers have moved away, they say and the tobacco and furniture
factory operated in town by one of the farming families has closed down.

Across the road, the huge building which housed the factory is falling to

pieces. An atmosphere of decay pervades the town. Pretty old houses in
the main street are empty, their gardens going to seed.

118


means be regarded as a place of storage for such goods. Whatever goods
happened to pass through the ports should not stay there for more than five
days, he said, adding that everything is being done to see to it that this
scheme works out effectively.

He also disclosed that as a large portion of the foreign trade traffic of
Ethiopia goes through the Assab port and is, by and large, dependent on the
road traffic, the question of a more economic connection of Assab to the
hinterland is being given prior attention.

On the social aspect of activities, Comrade Birhane pointed out that the
productive efficiency of the Assab port, like any other sphere of endeavour,
depends to a very great extent on the welfare and general working environ-
ment. It is after a timely realization of this fact that the port admin-
istration, with the close cooperation of all concerned, has embarked upon a
housing scheme in which the increasing number of workers of the port. could
be accommodated. The shortage of houses had initially created formidable
problems because many of the employees had often been forced to leave us
due to lack of accommodations. The port administration had some difficulties
in connection with acquiring highly skilled personnel who are often reluc-—
tant to go to the area because of housing problems, Comrade Birhane said,
adding that this problem is being gradually solved after the housing project
has been launched.

Comrade Birhane revealed that many of the port employees have now been
rehoused following the finalization of some 80 houses, all of which are
air-conditioned and well-gardened. ‘About 125 similar houses are under
construction at present and are expected to be completed in about three to
four months, he said.

The construction of the workers club, which is at present fully operational,
is contributing a great deal to satisfying the material and social needs of
the workers, Comrade Birhane said, and added that food, lodging and recrea-
tional facilities’ are also available at the workers club at fair and reason-
able prices. The workers club is a non-profit and all-purpose enterprise
designed to satisfy the needs of the port employees, he said.

CSO: 3400/637

20


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTRY MAY BE FORCED TO BUILD OWN JET FIGHTERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jan 85 p 6

[Text] LONDON — South Africa might ‘part of the Pacific basin.
have to go it alone and build its f “The sea link between Japan
own jet fighters, the Chief of the ‘and Europe and between Australia
Air Force, Lieutenant-General ‘and Eyrope, not to mention com-
Denis Earp, has told a leading munication with Antarctica and
aviation magazine. the Falklands, depends on a stable
In an interview published in Cape region.”
Flight International, General Stability in the region depended
° gion depende
Earp said South Africa vas ex- on South’ Africa maintaining as
P loring the possibility of “going it much internal stability as the
alone”, Western democracies enjoyed, to-
“Somewhere along the line we gether with freedom from exter-
will have bd geta modern fighter nal influences. *
... What do we do when we run “a
~ “Stability in the region also de-
out of the ability to update our air- pends on South region ¢ being
craft? equipped to form an integral arm
‘The magazine interviewed Gen- of the West’s maritime protection
eral Earp as part as a feature on forces.” a
South African air power. While South Africa had shown
The strategic importance of a its capacity to equip itself to de-
Western-aligned South Africa fend its own territorial integrity, it
could not be overstated, the maga- was neither powerful nor wealthy
zine said in an editorial. The cost enough to equip itself to “protect
to the Western world cf its severed the West’s interests off its shores”.
connections with South Africa -
been “considerable”. Today a cia ot Saath Aiea mig be i
Strong presence in the region was tifiable if this did South African
.as strategically vital as. it ever blacks the slightest amount of
was. : good. “The contrary is the case
. “Soviet influence has been we :
creeping steadily down through th
the African continent in the past sote  Atlustrated article on the
decade, as it has in the Middle it lacked in equipment it made up
East and the Indian sub-continent in training and tactics,
and, self-evidently, in the western 8 "
cso: 3400/530

149



SIEMENS WORKERS STAGE WORK STOPPAGE

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]
[Text]

MORE THAN 1 500 employees of a German multi-
national Siemens, yesterday staged a work stoppage
which coincided with the visit to South Africa by a
top executive from the mother company.

Employees at the four plants — Wattloo, Koe-
doespoort, Isando and Rosslyn — later returned to
work after management had promised to resolve
their grievances, which included the re-employment
of dismissed Metal and Allied Workers’ Union |
members and racial discrimination.

In another industrial action, more than 13 000°
miners at Kloof goldmine near Westonaria yester-
day returned to work after management had shown *
willingness to consider their grievances. .

The Siemens strike was sparked-off after manage-
ment had dismissed two Mawu members at Wattloo.
The workers were allegedly involved in a knife fight
at the plant. °
- According to a union shop steward their dismissal
was “unfair” because two other incidents, in which
non-members were involved in fights, were treated
with “kid gloves” by management. In one incident a
white man had allegedly assaulted a black employee
with a hammer.

csO: 3400/625

144

Ignored
The workers voiced aed grievances to manage-
ment, which ignored them and they downed tools. :
The other plants joined because they felt their col-
leagues were “unfairly treated”. They also. com-
plained of racial discrimination when’ wages and

other benefits were considered.
A Mawu spokesman said that management ap-

‘parently pleaded with the workers to return after
"promising to consider their grievances because “they

were afraid we were going to’ ‘boycott a scheduled

‘meeting with a Mr Turek, » Who ii is the company’s top

‘executive from Germany. -

Siemens’ director, Mr Johan Krostskie, confirmed

that all the workers had returned after the company
promised to investigate their complaints.
‘@ An OK Bazaars store — Valhalla, near Pretoria
went on strike yesterday in protest against retrench-
ment of blacks and employment of white workers.
Workers at three other branches — Van der Waalt,
Randfontein and Gezeni — have ended their
strikes. cae


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from Rnglish-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Ieadlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a bricf, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

‘the contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT Of PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, i€ applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements, issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
{information Service, and are listed in ‘the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by ‘the Superintendent of
Documents, U. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



On the general future of the industry, there was a general air of despondency.
Saan MD Mr Kinsley was reluctant to give an opinion.

He pointed out that while he would like to speak on the subject it was far
too sensitive an issue at the moment.

"Anything I say in general will be taken to mean I'm talking about Saan," he
added.

Mr McLean had this to say: "It is not something I would like to make a few
remarks about to you on the telephone.

"It is a massive subject and I think it would need a more careful approach
than that."

He offered to comment in depth after giving the matter some thought.

Nationale Pers boss, Ton Vosloo: "The major daily newspaper groups have
got together and applied for a slice of subscription television.

"We need to keep our big newspapers alive in the interests of having diversity
of opinion, in the interests of democracy."

Mr Pakendorf said something would have to be done to help lessen the impact
of new television and regional radio services.

"The big metropolitan newspapers face a challenge to their role on two
fronts," said John Allen of the SASJ.

“Television is the threat on a national level while small regional news-
papers pose a threat at a local level.

“A third threat comes from within the industry itself: increased competition
for what remains of the market."

Is there light at the end of the tunnel?
Mr Sid Gill and Mr John Miskelly believe they have the answer.

Both are Editors-in-Chief of a group of small local newspapers and "knock-
and-drops."

Mr Miskelly, Editor-in-Chief of Caxton (Northern Operation) had this to say:

“Ours are the newspapers of the future. We have a much longer life than the
dailies. Our newspapers lie around and are picked up and read again and
again. The nationals have a much shorter life span and advertisers know this.

"Advertisers are looking for concentration. We hit every household in

Randburg or Sandton or wherever and advertisers can actually see where their
money is going.

114


USE OF WORD INDIGENE ‘CAUSES DISHARMONY

UJPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 18 Jan 85 pp 1, 13

[Article by Andrew Orolua]

[Text ] GOVERNOR Samuel
- Atukum of Plateau State has
expressed concern over
“ yse “of the -words “non-
indigenes” ‘and “indigenes”
to cause disharmony among
people in the state.”

He :told officials of Na-
Aional Association of Plateau
State Students who-called on
him on “Monday, to de-
emphasise the use of the
words ‘because some
A lous elements were
“using it to fan embers of

“hatred and disharmony
among various communities
in the state. that

farning any
caught ‘using ihe wards with
intent to create disaffection
among the people or with.
reference “to government
policies would be treatea as
_ a -saboteur. He said all in-
habitants of the state must
‘be given a chance to live in

harmony.

- The student’s association
‘had earlier urged the gover-
nor to terminate the appoint-
ments of non-indigenous
‘civil servants in the state to
create opportunities for the
indigenes. .

“They also, suggested the
appointment ‘of indigenes as
principals, headmasters and
vice-principals and reserva-
tion of ninety -per cent ad-

cso; 3400/495

63

mission and employment for

indigenes and that’the state
government should recon-
sider the re-introduction of

. school fees and stop further

cuts’ “in .. scholarship
allowances. Bh Ee
1, xOn the issue of scholarship
and’ :allowance,’ ‘Governor.
Atoka ‘said that Raed

t studying.in higher
students seni country
-and abroad. were .on state.
‘scholarship. « =

‘This number, he said, in-
clude 2,000 students offered
scholarship to study science
subjects this academic year
and 2,300 1983/84 session
students. whose scholarship
{ook effect from this session.

He explained that the state

government could not
sreduce cuts in. students

scholarship allowance
‘because of its financial con-
stxaints and other considera-
tions...

He asked the students, “‘do
you think that it is fair to
charge a primary school
pupil five Naira and ask you
to go with all the scholarship
allowance?” .

The state’ government

nt 7 million Naira on
scholarship allowance last
year when it implemented 50
per cent cuts in allowances.

NIGERIA ©



MINE WORKERS DOWN TOOLS AT RIETSPRUIT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Feb 85 p 2

[Article by Joshua Raboroka]

[Text]

MORE than 250 mine-
workers at Rietspruit
Opencast coal mine near
Bethal yesterday downed
tools following a row
with management over a
memorial service for ‘a
colleague who was fa-
tally injured on the mine
last year.

A_ spokesman for
Rand Mines, owners of
the mine, said that the
stoppage took place de-
spite “strenuous efforts”
by management to come
to an agreement with
the shop stewards on a
mutually suitable time
for the holding of a ser-
‘vice.

Mr_ Eric Gumbi, a

cso: 3400/625

member of the National
Union of Mineworkers,
was killed on the mine
last year. The union was
arranging to have a
memorial service for
him on the premises be-
fore his funeral at Wit-
bank on Saturday.

The spokesman’ said

that NUM rejected all
‘offers made by the man-

agement and were not
prepared to discuss the
matter.

The spokesman
added that Rietspruit
employees were notified
of the intended work

147

stoppage at a meeting by
the union last night
which was supposedly
called at a report-back
mecting on shop stew-
ards training. -

Four employees have
been suspended on full
pay pending an enquiry
into the’ incident — in
terms of the established

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Rietspruit disciplinary
code, according to the
spokesman.

This is the second
strike this week by
members of the NUM
following the massive in-
dustrial action by over
13 000 mineworkers at
Kloof gold mine near
Westonaria.



JPRS-SSA-85~022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TAMBO ON ANC CONFERENCE PLANS » CALL FOR PRETORIA-ANC TALKS
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 26 Jan 85 pp 7-8
[Interview with Oliver Tambo, president of the African National Congress]

[Text] Against the background of months of political
unrest in South Africa's black townships, there have
been calls within influential white ruling circles for
talks between Pretoria and the major liberation move-
ment, the African National Congress (ANC). In addi-
tion, the ANC is preparing for its first consultative
conference in 15 years (both the venue and time are a
closely guarded secret). In an interview last week
in Lusaka, ANC president Oliver Tambo discussed these
issues.

“< INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER: There have been repeated claims in the
South African press of talks between the South African government
ang th been 8 talks, negotiations, contacts:o

diplomati c exchanges between the ANC and Pretorie in the past year?

Oliver TAMBO: None at all. There have been discussions, I would not even
call them talks, with people who are interested in.the ANC and the South
African regime sitting down at.a round table and talking. (ANC officials
have met professor Harvey VAN DER MERWE of Cape Town university and Piet
MULLER, an assistant editor of Die Beeld, ea government-supporting
newspaper, in the last two months.) Of course, we are prepared to talk to
anybody who asks us what our policy and programme is and what we think of
the South African situation, and we did so. But we have objections to
formal meetings which might create the impression that somehow there ere
secret talks going on with the South African regime. We don't think they
should be secret, we don't want to be secretive with our.own people. So,
ifswe were talking, we would be talking with a clear mandate. -.

We take the question of talks very seriousiy, and when we have talke
it,will be on ‘the serious question of going into the modalities of
putting an end to the system of apartheid. At .that point there would be
an agreement that the ANC has the answer to this situation, that ‘the goal
must be a united, democratic and non-racial South Africa, that there is
no alternative, that you can't solve the problem in any other way..But we

74


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

FAP LOANS AVAILABLE FOR LAND IRRIGATION
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jan 85 p 5
{Article by Linda Pfotenhauer]

[Text] FAP (Financial Assistance Policy) loans will be made available for
farmers who want to start irrigation systems; and it.is-hoped that this will
act as an incentive to Chobe District farmers who at present cannot afford
to set up irrigation schemes.

Mr C.P.S..Dihentse, Chobe District Agricultural Officer, told BOPA in an
interview last week that often farmers in his district were not enthusiastic
about instituting irrigation schemes on their farms, even though their lands
and farms often lie within close proximity to the Chobe River.

Lack of funds, a perceived high expense of irrigation schemes as well as
general lack of interest were cited as the main reasons.

However, Mr Dihentse said, with FAP loans, he hoped more farmers would start
to use irrigation schemes.

Some 142 Chobe District farmers were given assistance under the ALDEP pro-
gramme for 1984, Mr Dihentse said. A good deal of this assistance involved
the purchase of farm implements and the transportation of donkeys for
draught power.

Under a government programme, farmers who cannot afford to hire draught power
pay 15 per cent of the cost, while government assumes the rest. A total of
138 donkeys were transported last year to the Chobe District for this purpose.

Mr Dihentse said that the Chobe River west of Ngoma has completely dried up,
the. first time this has happened in living memory. This has ramifications
for proposals to set up commercial farms in the Chobe West area, the imple-
mentation of which is still pending.

Agricultural demonstrators presently stationed: in the Chobe West area are
trying to introduce more modern, effective agricultural methods there.
"People are adopting very slowly," said Mr Dihentse. "But it takes time
for a man to change."

The Forestry Section of Kasane's Agricultural Office is trying to encourage
people to plant trees, plants and shrubs in and around their homes; these
can be purchased at a very low price for private residents; government
organisations can obtain them free.

cso: 3400/634 10


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BUYING HOUSES NOW EASIER FOR BLACKS
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Feb 85 p 4
{Article by Sophie Tema]

[Text] A new finance package that will enable blacks to ‘buy houses without
paying a deposit has been introduced by the Housing Finance Services (HFS).

HFS is a subsidiary of Legal and General Volkskas, an insurance company, and
was formed to address the need for black housing.

The company claims that with the combined expertise of HFS and the advantage
of life assurance, blacks will be able to obtain a complete housing package
using pension fund investments.

This will include a bond on the full value of the property, a low rate
interest and a bonus repayment of the bond.

Bonds will be granted on new houses, existing houses, flats and townhouses
under sectional title.

Bonds will also be granted on properties secured under the 99-year-leasehold
scheme and property where the HFS and the employer can secure ‘a loan.

The HFS will grant up to 100 percent of the purchase price.

The percentage bond will be governed by rules agreed to. by the employer's
company and the HFS. ° :

Buyers will cede an endowment policy to the HFS for the value of the bond.
When the policy matures, the bond is repaid.

The bond will also be repaid in the event of death before maturity. . In the
meantime, all the buyer will repay is the interest.
\

When a buyer goes into retirement, he will receive his pension, his house
will be fully paid for and he could receive some profits from his endowment
policy.

cso: 3400/630

123



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SURVEY OF AFRIKAANS PRESS SHOWS RECENT LIBERALIZATION TREND

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 27 Jan 85 p &

[article by James McClurg]

{Text]

‘THE familiar stereotype of the
Gereformeerde (Dopper Kerk as 2
bastion of verkramptheid has taken
more knocks.

At its national synod in Potchef-
stroom, the church endorsed a decla-
ration by the international Re-
formed Ecumenical Synod (RES)
calling for a declaration of human
rights in South Africa, coupled with
the abolition of all racial discrimina-
tion.

‘The declaration stresses the right
of free association and of participa-
tion in the political process.

At the same time the church decid-

ed that its membership of the contro- °

, versial RES should be provisionally
j maintained.
| This contrasts sharply with the
ture of the much er Neder-
duitse Gereformeerde Kerk, whose
interim executive council recentl
decided to suspend the church's
membership of the RES.

According to Die Burger, the syn-
od also resolved that race, national-
ity and colour were not criteria for
membership of the church and that
no-one could be discriminated
against on those grounds.

‘The synod further ruled that no-
one might be debarred from a ser-
vice, including communion, on
grounds of race or colour. The
church's pulpit “stood open” to black.
predikants.

The synod also made history by
revoking an earlier resolution call-
ing ‘on its members to support the
g icy of “territorial separation” in

uth Africa.

‘On the other side of the balance
sheet, the synod set its face against
women as elders or deacons and de-
nied them a vote in the election of
office-bearers.

129

oo00 ,
SOUTH Africa could become a
second Vietnam for the United
States if “the Kennedy approach” tri-
umphed, said Dawie, political colum-
nist of the Nasionale group.

The opposite of constructive en-
gagement could perhaps be de-
scribed as one of “destructive un-
involvement”, Dawie said. But it was
doubtful whether, in terms of such a
policy, the US could remain unin-
volved — more likely the reverse.

Disinvestment and other punitive
measures could cause tremendous
tensions in South Africa — even a
clash between black and white. The
US would not be able to stay outside
such a conflict, because of the danger

” of Soviet intervention and even more

because the blacks of the US would
not tolerate it.

The Americans could withdraw
from Vietnam and leave the country
to its fate because there were few
people in the United States ready to’
stand up for Vietnam. But black vot-
ers would force the American gov-
ernment into a more and more ac-
tive role in South Africa.

ooo
BEELD and Die Volksblad have both
commented on the controversial
practice of supplying contraceptives
teqnagers without their parents’
knowledge.

Beeld said no-one wanted the
young to sink into immorality, but

ere must be help for those who
yielded to temptation. Despite the
moral considerations involved, mod-
ern society unfortunately had to coy
with a practical situation that could
not be wished away. .

Die Volksblad, “which reported
that teenage pregnancies and vene-
real disease had reached “epidemic
proportions” in the Free State, said

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/524

door storage arca surfaced with
asphalt, and more sheds will be
provided.

The southern 25 metres of
the present quay will be rebuilt
while the quay itself will be ex-
tended by approximately 120
metres.

The project will cost R67
million over 1985-86.

69



KEY FIGURES IN CABINET RESHUFFLE

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 30 Jan 85 p 8

(Text ]

cso: 3400/616

GUINEA: THE PRESIDENT’S MEN. The division of power
between President Lansana Conté and premier Diara Traoré (ac
Vol 25 No 25) was ended in a mid-December cabinet reshuffle.
Traoré was demoted to state minister for education. Most senior
Guinean army officers supported Conté’s move to end the
ambiguous power structure, especially as Guinea is about'to start
an economic reform programme. 4 i

‘Conté now holds the defence and security portfolios as well.as
being commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The most:notable
innovation in the reshuffle was the creation of four state mini-

\stries, each representing one of the four main ethnic ps - a

representative system used. for years in Cameroun by former
president Ahmadou Ahidjo. Foreign minister Faciné Touré
sents the Soussou; Diara Traoré the Malinké (the late
Touré’s tribe); minister of administrative reform and. service
Capt. Mamadou Baldé (a former commander of the military
academy) the Peuhl; and minister of planning and mineral resour-
ces Capt. Jean Traoré the “forest tribes” in upper Guinea.
‘Ostensibly Conté appears to have established a loyal. team of
ministers. It is unlikely that Diara Traore will recover his standing:
the education portfolio is tough and unrewarding, and he has
two state secretaries looking over his shoulder. The Peuhl,: who.
have traditionally fared poorly in politics, now: have several

imponant posts. Peuhi ministers are Dr. Mariama. Dielo Barry~

ur and social affairs), Capt. Sherif Diallo (commerce), Dr.
Mamadou Kaba Bah (public health), and Dr El Hadj Thierno
Tbrahima Bah Al-Labé (religious affairs). Another Peuhl, Com-
mander Ousmane Sow, is now state secretary for national defence
in the president’s office.

Conté’s inner circle of advisers and confidants has yet to
emerge. At this stage it seems Capt. Faciné Touré, Capt. Jean
Traoré, Commander Sow and police commissioner Hervé Vincent
Bangoura are the closest iri what has become a remarkably
streamlined government (15 ministries and 11 state secretaries).

The new government’s first major policy decision is over
devaluation of the local currency, the Syli. The IMF is advising
a phased process in which the Syli devalues: 100% between.
February and mid-summer, when it would float freely against a
basket of five currencies.

Some nationalists in the government are pressing for an immedi-
ate 85% devaluation and the issuing of a new currency, The
object would be to devalue in one go and then have a fixed
parity, and render worthless the billions of syli circulating in
neighbouring countries. However, the government will probably
acquiesce to the IMF’s more cautious approach. Guinea‘ needs
the $60m standby facility on offer. And this summer the Paris
Club is due to. reschedule its $1.6 bn external debt @

27

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

GUINEA



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PLIGHT OF HUNGRY BLACKS IN PORT ‘ELIZABETH
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 2 Feb 85 p 11
[Article by Bessie Bouwer]

[Text] As soaring unemployment in Port Elizabeth leads to widespread hunger,
local welfare organisations are finding they can no longer cope with the large
number of starving blacks in the townships.

Undernourished children are dying and the health of scores of people has
already been affected. Severe cases of malnutrition and tuberculosis are
escalating and authorities are concerned that the situation could get out of
hand.

There are fears of a major human disaster unless financial ‘assistance is
forthcoming.

Compared with other race groups, the hunger situation among blacks is
reported to be the worst, because of poor living standards, the increased
cost of living, the sheer weight of numbers and insufficient welfare organi-
sations and funds to cater for their needs.

Statistics from the Livingstone Hospital revealed that 41 percent of. the
children under the age of five admitted to the hospital were underdeveloped.

Most welfare organisations responsible for large-scale feeding schemes are
largely dependent on Port Elizabeth's Community Chest for financial aid.

Spokesmen for the different organisations said that without financial
assistance they would soon not be able to carry on.

And Mr Harold Davidson, director of the Community Chest, pointed out: "We
are not doing too well, either."

This year's Community Chest budget target has been increased by 21 percent to
R340,000 because of increasing costs.

"But despondency in Port Elizabeth has had a negative effect on donors and
there are only two months left to reach our target," Mr Davidson said.

98



The MNR’s changing spots

The singular absence of co-ordinated strategy at a time when
the MNR might be expected to narrow its aim supports the thesis
that the “MNR”’ is not in the usual sense a single organization,
and that there is no organization acountble for, or able to control,
the acts perpetrated jin “tits” name. One of Machel’s priorities at
independence was to ‘‘de-tribalize” Mozambique in the interest
of developing a national identity. In so doing he antagonized
elements within the tribal structures which the Portuguese had
left intact. When Ian Smith’s Central Intelligence Organization
put agents (AC Vol 23 No 15) into Mozambique to harass
Zimbabwean guerrillas and to damage the Frelimo government,
an obvious move was to exploit local resentment of Frelimo’s de-
tribalization policy, which was sometimes enforced with consider-
‘able severity.

The Rhodesian agents, some of them immigrants from Mozam-
"ique who spoke Portuguese and knew their way around, operated
deep inside the country and’ were frequently left to their own
devices for long periods. It seems likely, judging from present
events, that these early tactics, reinforced by the South Africans
when they took over Rhodesia’s role, have led to the existence
of semi-or wholly-autonomous armed bands, largely self-suffi-
cient and answerable to’ no one unless it suits them. Not that the
MNR functions as a patchwork of armed rebels confined to their
local habitats. On the contrary, there is ample eviderice based on
dialects used and overhead during MNR’ operations that the rebels
have wandered far ftom home. With food, clothing and. other
‘essentials everywhere in short supply, ‘‘bandits” would naturally
prefer to conduct their plundering anonymously and elsewhere.
It appears that some MNR groups have a tribal or sub-tribal
structure, in much the same way as Sicilian familes from a
particular region transposed themselves intact to launch a Mafia
branch in, say,, New Jersey.

A precise identification of those who carry out acts attributed
to, or claimed by, the “‘MNR” is further complicated by the
number of incidents close to government army camps. When
moving cautiously and precariously on the rural roads it is
impossible to distinguish even at close quarters to which organiza-
tion or band the armed men belong.

‘The ragamuffin appearance of Frelimo conscripts with filthy
weapons and a random combination of ‘unmatched uniforms, or
a mixture of uniforms and civilian clothing, destroys any thought
that Frelimo units will eventually flush out footloose rebels.
Government roadblocks, overlooked at peril, usually consist of
merely a single strand of fencing wire strung across the road
without warnings of any description. They are barely detectable
in daylight, completely invisible at night, and could be manned
by anybody. Members of the government mi ~ disaffected,
ill-fed, unpaid and unsupervised. - probably take matters into
their own hands, passing themselves off, when they bother at all,
as “MNR”. Dy :

: That the. MNR. continues to receive supplies from more than
‘one source and by more than one route is certain. To the list of
self-confessed supplies ‘from “Portuguese business interests” -
should be added those of a Rotterdam oil dealer who appears to
be investing some of the profits of spot market crude sales to
‘South Africa to bring about via MNR pressure a government in
Mozambique that will dispense oil exploration rights on favour-
able terms.

The prospect of a lucrative oil strike is inevitably the subject
of intense speculation. Much of the early survey work offshore
has been conducted by a British subsidiary, based in Isleworth,
Middlesex, of the American giant, Litton Industries. The surveys,
carried out on behalf of the Mozambique government, are assisted
by a Norwegian aid team. The early analyses are by definition
incoriclusive but justified the despatch of two additional survey
ships, ofie from Durban (which, on leaving the harbour, had its

34


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZAIRE

CHINESE AGREEMENT FOR JOINT TRADE, ECONOMIC COMMISSION

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 17 Dec 84 pp 1, 14

[Text] Citizen Lengama Dulia Yubasa Makanga, secretary of state for interna-
tional cooperation, and Mr Zheng Tuobin, China's deputy minister for foreign
economic and trade relations, met on Saturday in the Green Room of the Depart-
ment of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation to sign an agreement
establishing the Zairo-Chinese Joint Commission.

In his remarks, citizen Lengema voiced his pleasure, in the name
of the Executive Council, at signing the agreement establishing
the joint Zairo-Chinese commission, before underscoring the point
that, in order to solve its problems, Zaire must, before all else,
rely on its own strength. But, in this century of inter-depen-
dence, he went on, help from foreign partners cannot but be: appre-
ciated, and among those partners, Zaire reposes deep: confidence
in the helpful attitude and know-how of the People's Republic of
China.

The secretary of state for international cooperation also cited
the fact that more than 12 years have gone by since Zaire and
China decided to normalize their relations.

Since then, he said, we have signed a good many agreements, in
the most disparate fields, and, in the process, have woven a juri-
dical fabric to enfold bilateral cooperation, in conformity with
the five principles that govern relations between peoples.

Speaking of the many things China has done in Zaire since restora-
tion of normal relations between the two countries, citizen Lengema
cited the People's Palace in Kinshasa and the Lotokila sugar re-
finery in Upper Zaire, both of which constantly strengthen the
ties between Zaire and China.

China's Zheng Tuobin first thanked the president and founder of
the Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR), Marshal Mobutu, for
his kind invitation to the Chinese government to attend the ce-
remonies ‘surrounding his investiture as president for another
term.

159



LAKE CHAD BASIN DRYING UP

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Jan 85 p 1...

(Text] . THE volume of

water in the Lake
Chad Basin has de-
(creased substantial-
ly as a result of per-
sistent drought.

This was revealed by
‘the Executive. Secretary
of the Lake Chad Basin
Commission, Alhaji
Mustapha Sam and the
General Manager of the
Chad Basin and Rural
Development Authority,
Athaji Bunu Musa.

Alhaji Bunu Musa said
waters of the lake had
receded so much that the
authority could not get
water for its South Chad
“Irrigation Project.

Alhaji Mustapha Sam ex-
-plained that the two princi-

sources of the lake,

vers Shari and Logone had
virtually dried up as a result
op persistent shortfall in

A similar situation 1» aso

facing the huge reservoir in
‘Tiga Dam in Kano State

cso: 3400/495

“there
of land developed by
agencies for irrigated .

‘which has forced the Kano—-

Hadejia -River Basin and
Rural Development Authori-

‘ty to halt its drv season -

aultivation. :

‘The dam which was com-

missioned in 1974 was
estimated to have a storage

capacity of 1,980 million «

scubic metres of water:

The dam was designed on
the assumption of an annual
in-flow of 1,060 million cubic
metres of water from. its
catchment.

It was learnt that the rain-

fall over the last 10 years ha

id
‘progressively declined to .
about 28 inches from’an . ;

average of 40 inches.

New Nigerian learnt also
that asa result of this
decline, the in-flow into the

dam had fallen to a mere 310 *

million cubic metres in 1984

while the storage at the end .
stood

of the last rainy season

aaly.

As'the rainfall and storage
declined, demand for Tiga
Dam water increased.

At present, it was gathered,

are about 42,500 acres
various

59

f

woof the

“He ay
at 786 million cubic*metres’ ~~

to refrain from

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NIGERIA

rik

nail |
tet
et EF

i
ui
ge

inhabitants.

"the. retiring General
: The; retirin enera
* ofthe kano Hade-.

Beale ment and Ba
Alhaji "Ahmadu Rufai, bas
cautioned all users

and to
anfsion’’ schemes till
allawa Gorge Dam is

led_to ‘Water
‘and Engineering

Kano
State agneultore and Rural

“Development Authority,

their | programmes whi

++ ‘eould ‘put more stress-on the. ©
Sane Pat mes ”



ANTI-SASOL ACTION LOOMS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

[Text]

MEMBERS of the Sweet
Food and Allied Work-
ers’ Union have con-
denined the “intransi-
gent attitude” of Sasol
management and
threaten to join a na-
tional strike in support

tof the sacked Sasol

workers,

The decision to sup-
port the Sasol workers,
dismissed after last
year’s two-day stay-
away, was taken at the
-union’s annual general
meeting held in Springs
at the weekend.

The union’s chair-
man, Mr Chris Dlamini,
said the workers were
angry with the Sasol
management for not re-
solving the issue.

“We are appalled at
the management’s atti-
tude of sacking workers
“who participated in the
stayaway which we were
also a party too. Why
did other companies not
dismiss their workers in
large numbers?” the
workers asked.

CSO: 3400/625

SFAWU is one of the
many unions which have
threatened to take any
national industrial ac-
tion if the sacked work-
ers — members of the
Chemical Workers’ In-

dustrial Union — are
not reinstated by man-
agement.

‘The workers were dis-

missed following a two-
day stayaway from
work, which was called
by major trade unions,
including the Federation
of SA Trade Unions
(Fosatu), Council of
Unions of SA (Cusa)
and other unions. Seve-
ral leaders were de-
tained after the staya-
way, including Mr Dla-
mini, who is also Fosa-
tu’s president, and Mr
Phirashaw Camay, gen-
eral secretary of Cusa.
. Dlamini said mem-
bers were fully behind
Sasol workers and de-
manded management
resolve the matter be-
fore it was too late.

143

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MALAWL

BRIEFS

URANIUM DEPOSITS DISCOVERED=-URANIUM deposits have been confirmed in the
Northern Region, the Government has disclosed exclusively in today's 'Malawi
News'. A review of ‘the activities of the Ministry of Forestry and Natural
Resources, published in today's issue, Says prospecting has been carried out
in the region for the past two years. "The results of the exploration confirm
the presence of uranium deposits which could be exploitable," the survey says.
"Exploration will continue ‘for some time until both the quantities and quality
of the ore are fully assessed." The Prospecting has been undertaken by the
British Central Electricity Generating Board. (Excerpt] [Blantyre MALAWI NEWS
in English 19-25 Jan 85 p-1) .

RSA STUDENTS VISIT FORESTS--FORESTRY students from Stellenbosch University in
South Africa spent four days on the Viphya Plateau last week studying Malawi's
approach to the timber industry.’ The leader of the group, Dr. Walter
Warkotsch, professor of forest engineering technology, described the Viphya
plantations as a successful project that provided jobs and helped meet the
nation's timber needs, Speaking to Mana in Mzuzu,. Dr. Warkotsch said the tour
had been organised so that the 23 students, in ‘their final year of a four-year
degree course in forestry engineering, could have experience in practical and
applied forestry. He said it was interesting that the Viphya project concen-
trated not only on planting trees‘but also on developing ‘roads and power sup-
plies in the area. [Excerpt] [Blantyre MALAWI DAILY TIMES in English 21 Jan
85 p 1] i

TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOAN AGREEMENT~-Malawi and Tanzania have signed a 7 million-
kwacha loan agreement with Norway and. Sweden for the development’ of telecom-
munications between Mzuzu in Malawi and Mbeya in'Tanzania. Announcing this

in Blantyre today, the royal Norwegain counsel in Malawi, Mr (Christian), said
the agreement was signed between the two Nordic countries and Malawi and
Tanzania on 31 January during the Southern ‘African Development Coordination
Conference [SADCC] in Mbabane, Swaziland. He said the project is funded as
part of the support from Norway and Sweden to SADCC where telecommunications
is asector given high priority. He said contract negotiation for the imple-
mentation of the project is in progress and work is expected to start within

6 months and be completed in 2 years time. [Text] -[Blantyre Domestic Service
in English 1600 GMT 11 Feb 85 MB]

CSO: 3400/591

30


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BANKS URGED TO LEND 40 PERCENT OF DEPOSITS IN RURAL BRANCHES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Jan-85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

COMMERCIAL banks in the-
country are required to lend
not less than fourty per cent of
the total deposits collected in
their rural branches to. bor-
rowers in such areas this year.

This was contained in the
Central Bank of. Nigeria’s

(CBN) monetary ‘policy cir-

cular No. 19 issued’ b athe
Governor, Alhaji Abdul
Ahmed.

The governor explained that
this was to enhance the objec-
tives of the rural branch bank-
‘ing system which include the
rapid economic development
of rural areas.

He therefore, advised banks
to-ensure that the appropriate
returns on rural banking
credit operations were
reridered monthly to the Cen-
tral Bank.

On capital funds, Alhaji Ab-
dulkadir said except with the
approval of CBN, a bank
might not apply its funds for

3400/495

62

payment of dividends to its-

shareholders this year unless

such bank maintained a ratio,

of not less than 1-2 between its
adjusted capital funds and ‘its
total loans and. advances
which means the former
should ‘not be less than eight
and a half per cent of the lat-

ter.

He said provision for | bad
and doubtful debts should be
netted out of loans and ad-
vances in the calculation .of
the ratio.

He also advised all commer-

cial banks to continue to main-
tain with the Central Bank
head office, a minimum
amount of. cash deposit ex-
pressed as a patio of its total
demand deposits according to
the classification of banks.

The governor said supply of
mid-month returns on certain
financial data of commercial
and merchant banks should
continue this year.

NIGERIA



Spokesmen from the different organisations have all reported an increase in
the number of people without food.

Mrs J. Kromhout, administrative secretary of the Port Elizabeth Charity
Organisation, which runs a fortnightly feeding scheme for destitute blacks,
said they could not add any more people to their register.

"Many of the babies brought here are so undernourished that they die. We
provide lactogen for the babies but sometimes our help comes too late."

Unregistered hunger victims who had clearly reached the end of their tether
also turned up each day and they could not be sent away empty-handed, said
Mrs Kromhout.

According to Mr C. J. Stadler, representative for World Vision in South
Africa, signs of malnutrition among black children have become increasingly
evident since the economic downswing.

Many parents could no longer afford to send their children to pre-school
centres which provided one balanced meal each day at minimal cost.

“The situation of hungry black people is becoming dangerous," he added.

Mrs Valerie Hunt, the organising secretary of the Port Elizabeth School
Feeding Fund, which caters for about 26,000 black schoolchildren each
school day, said in recent months there had been a marked drop in the
number of children able to contribute 20c weekly towards their daily meal.

During the recent school boycotts, supplies had been unable to reach schools
and the headmaster of a New Brighton school had telephoned to say that
Children were crying from hunger.

She said the number of black shack dwellers in Missionvale had also
increased dramatically since last year because many could no longer
afford house rent in the townships and had been evicted from their homes.

Since September last year the number of children in need of food at one school
alone had risen from 680 to more than 1,000.

“The year ahead will be a nightmare for many," she added.
The vice-president of the Redhouse Benevolent Society, Mrs E. Murray, said
this organisation had experienced a considerable increase in the number of

TB cases.

"These people do not get enough to eat and are suffering from malnutrition.
We expect TB to spread rapidly in some areas in the next six months."

The chairman of the Walmer Location Soup Kitchen, Mr Brian Shier, said

larger numbers of young people were requesting a bowl of soup and a slice
of bread each day because they had no other food.

99



And so it is that the institution of a joint commission will en-
able the two countries to move forward, within an appropriate ju-
ridical structure, to a regular exchange of views on coopera~
tion, and better orient their future projects. Zaire and China
can thereby strengthen their ties with a view to meeting the
expectations of both peoples, Zairians and Chinese, who are, when
it comes right down to it, the true beneficiaries of this fruit-
ful and vigorous cooperation.

6182
CSO: 3419/262

162


The residents of the Kat River valley are also. unhappy with the amounts of
compensation they are to get. Some will receive only a few hundred rand
for their land, buildings and share of the commonage.

In many cases, the small amount of compensation has to be split between a
number of heirs, some of whom left the area long ago.

Mr Lootz said: "It's not enough to buy a plot, let alone build a house.
With R400, you can't even pay for the removal costs.

"They want to make us squatters--we have to go somewhere. And it is all to
implement their ungodly policy of apartheid.

"No, they must rather keep their money and let us stay here."

cs0: 3400/647

121



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CASUALTY FIGURES OF PROLONGED CIVIL WAR
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 27 Jan 85 pl4
[Article by David Thomas]

[Text] Officially reported civilian casualty figures for 1984 show that the
Mozambican bush war intensified in the last quarter of the year.

The civilian death toll reached an unprecedented high of 142 in October,
making the total for the year 354, although the real count is believed to
be far higher.

If the civilian count is added to the death toll of soldiers and rebels,
as claimed by the two sides, at least 10,338 people were killed in the
Mozambican conflict in 1984.

The Mozambican security forces claim to have killed 2,331 rebels in 1984,
The Maputo authorities do not admit to casualties in the armed forces,

The MNR claims its bush fighters last year killed 7,653 Frelimo soldiers and
wounded 7,834. The organisation also says 4,243 soldiers deserted or were
captured.

The MNR claims, made from Lisbon, are thought to be grossly exaggerated.

Terror

If the total claim of 19,730 soldiers killed, wounded and captured were true,
nearly the whole Mozambican army, estimated to be about 26,000-strong, would
have been put out of action, leaving the seat of government in Maputo vul-
nerable to a take-over.

But there is no indication that this is about to happen.
The civilian casualty figures are based only on reports sent out by

Mozambique's official news agency, Aim. Unofficial war casualties given
in independent reports are said to be much higher.

40


cso:

Progressive Federal Party MPs
for daring to tour his country
without permission from his of-
fice before it accepted indepen-
dence.

@ Declaring that a signed-up
membership of 10000 was the
minimum requirement for es-
tablishment of an opposition po-
litical party.

In a homeland where most of
the population is illiterate that
* effectively ended any hope of a

legal opposition.

@ Detaining and jailing of half a
dozen members of his own fami-
ly, including his brother Charles,
for plotting against him.

The land over which Lennox
Sebe rules with an iron fist in an
iron glove was described in the
report of the Quail Commission,
which Mr Sebe himself appoint-
ed to investigate the option of
independence, as moderately or
severely eroded.

Agriculture is virtually im-
possible in the arid and barren
tracts of land Pretoria ceded to
the Ciskei.

Unemployment and hunger
are rife and Mr Sebe has accept-
ed without question the fact that
the South African Government
has used the homeland as a
human dumping ground in im-
plementing its removals poli-
cies.

Yet Mr Sebe accepted inde-
pendence against the recom-
. mendations of the Quail Com-
mission, and despite the fact
that his non-negotiable’ condi-
tions were never met.

Mr Sebe has led the Ciskei
since 1973 when he was appoint-
ed Chief Minister; later he head-
ed the Ciskei negotiating team
on the issue of independence.

He once said if the issue were
up to him he would tell the
South African Government
where to go. But he added that
as the servant of the people he
had to keep the door and the op-
tions open.

3400/619

82

The Quail Commission had re-
commended a referendum to
point the direction the Ciskei
people wanted to go on the inde-
pendence issue. In December
1980 the homeland held such a
referendum. Describing anyone
who planned to vote “No” as be-
traying the nation, Mr Sebe
pushed for a “Yes” vote and fi-
nally got it.

But less than half the eligible,
voters bothered to register and
of those who did, only 59 percent
bothered to vote.

A total of just 295 891 people
said “Yes” to independence and
overnight more than 2 million
Ciskeians lost their South Afri-
can citizenship.

“ Most of them didn’t even live
in the homeland.

Economic conditions in the
homeland are such that.experts
have calculated that it would re-
quire some R370 million per
year of capital investment just
to create enough jobs to cope
with the demand of new job-
seekers.

That would not begin to lessen
the backlog.

Ciskei’s total budget in the
year before independence was
only R98 million and South Afri-
ca provided some R67 million of
that in the form of handouts.

A political scientist at Rhodes
University warned in 1983 that
the combination of population
growth and land conditions in
the homeland would turn it into
a desert with standing room
only long before the year 2000.

All this while Mr Sebe spends
millions on new capital cities
and airports and attacks every-
one from America to the South
African Government to the
trade unions.

A black political leader re-
cently described Mr Sebe .and
his homeland as a tyrannical
creation of the South African
Bantustan policy which is total-
ly out of control.


Julius Nyerere, who has great qualities along with some faults, among them
an ardent cultural chauvinism and a strong repulsion for French speakers,
feelings that are now new, manipulated the summit so* that would not be the
case. Paralyzed: by ideological rivalries, the French ‘speakers ‘were unable
to form a block to foil the manoeuvre. So they bear a heavy responsibility.
The failure of Paul Okumba is not the failure of the Gabonese candidacy
but. the:failure of all the French speakers. Hé-lacked two votes. Two
votes that were his in advance. Morocco, a "friend" of Gabon, withdrew
because of the SDAR [Saharan Democratic Arab Republic]. .It could have
announced that’prior to the summit and withdraw.after the meeting. But
what about Zaire? A proponent of a black ‘African OAU several months ago,
General Mobutu's country succeeded. in taking the risk of depriving a
French-speaking ‘nation, a friend and even a neighbor, of a significant ~
electoral victory in order to show solidarity with a country from the
Maghreb.. And on a question, the Sahara, that has nothing to do with the
stated purpose of creating a black African block. ‘ ‘

Who will understand?

In fact, the OAU did not vote to select a secretary general. “It let
itself be manipulated by those who wanted to thank Nigeria for having
recognized the SDAR in extremis--and that is no accident.’ The res~
ponsibility of the French speakers and of ‘their respective friends in
the Maghreb is heavy. During this period of difficulty, drought, famine
when, more than ever, African must speak with a single voice, the OAU
has decided to keep.in place a temporary, and therefore ineffective,
leadership. How, under these conditions, could the French-speaking
Africans at- Bujumbura: convince France to be more attentive to their
preoccupations about the Chad problem? * :

Mitterrand, a man of refined. education and a prilliant dialectician, has
all the intellectual qualities to disarm any ill-tempered impulse with
logic and words. “Yet, deep inside, he must certainly want to say to his
interlocuters: Put your own house in order first.

9969
cso: 3419/230



|

MOZAMBIQUE

Nation's Deteriorating Security Situation Worries South Africa
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 30 Jan 85) veee

ea cederecccveeooce

RENAMO Reportedly Survives Without Help Frém Outside...
(Gary Dixon; SUNDAY TIMES, 3 Feb B5) eccencvverccccaceteccces
Casualty Figures of Prolonged Civil War
(David Thomas; THE SUNDAY STAR, 27 Jan B5)acvcuccccccscesere

Move To Protect Foreign Aid Workers
(THE STAR, 2 Feb 85)...sseevee

Po esige (etewneweeceseeeces

a , : ete ge

Living Conditions in Maputo Described ann 7
"(Jacques de Vos Malan; ‘THE SUNDAY’ STAR, 3 Feb 85)......,.++-

NAMIBIA _— eS ee ad rege |
Controversy Over White Businessmen's Right To Invest in Townships
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 18, 25 Jan 85). is. 640-43. .

White Businessmen Told 'Keep Out'
"White Money Power' Defended _

Briefs
Registration Campaign Results

NIGER ; pea

Portion of Public Sector May Be 'Privatized'
(FRATERNITE-MATIN, 29 Nov [9 ees

Mines Minister on 'Gold Rush' oo arn vote
“(Sani Koutoubi Interview; SAHEL DIMANCHE, °25° Jan ‘85).....006

Briefs
French Seed-Corn for Niger
FRG Emergency Aid eee
Chinesé Medical Aid —

NIGERIA

Lake Chad Basin Drying Up
(NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Jan 85)....

Alleged 15-Million Naira Fraud in Abuja

(ike Reis; NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Jan 85)..ceseceeeceesscereres ens.

Food, Drug Laws Still in Draft Form After 10° Yéars ~"
(Tajudeen Yusuff; NEW NIGERIAN, 9 Jan’ 85 ve

Banks Urged To Lend 40 Percent of Deposits in Rural Branches
(NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Jan .:).) ee

-ce-

31

38

40

“43

44

47

7 51

52

58

58
58

59

60

61

62


UNION CONSIDERING LEGAL ACTION AGAINST RAND MINES

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Feb 85 p 11

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

[Text]

THE Black Allied
Mining and Construc-
‘tion, Workers’ Union
(Bamcwu) fs considering
legal action against Rand

reinstatement of their
members sacked during
amine strike last year.

. The workers claim’

they were dismissed
after they were found
not guilty and dis-
charged in the Roode-
poort Magistrate’s
Court when they ap-
peared on charges under
the Intimidation Act,
according to Bamcwu’s
publicity secretary, Mr
Motshumi Mkhini yes-
terday.

He said the workers
went back to the mine
for their jobs after the
court hearing but were
told that they could not
be employed again and
their services have been
terminated.

They were then sub-
jected to an inquiry

cso: 3400/625

which found them “guil-

ty”, but were immedi-
ately told that they
could appeal against the
conviction. This they did
and “it appears that
management is not pre-
pared to re-employ
them because of the
court case — and this is
aimed at victimising
union members,” he
said,
Resigned

However, the com-
pany» ¢pokesman Mr
Paul Forbes, said the
workers were re-gn-
gaged after the trial, but
a disciplinary inquiry
found them “guilty”.
One of the workers then
resigned and later ap-
plied for a vacancy
which he could not get.

He added that the rest

‘of the workers were told

that they have the right
to appeal against the dis-
ciplinary inquiry and
“we are still looking into
their case.”

145

Aworker who did not
want his name men-
tioned told The SOWE-
TAN that his “bosses”
accused him of being a
trade unionist, being in-
volved in an illegal
strike and terminated
his services. He was paid
his wages, but did not
get his severance pay
and other benefits.

Two other workers
who management had
claimed did not ap-
proach them after the
court case, declared that
they did apply for their
jobs, but were not wel-
comed. They were also
not going to be paid for
the period they have
been awaiting trial.

Mr Forbes said that
much will depend on the
outcome of the “appeal
hearing”. He could not
guarantee that they will
be re-employed.

But Bamcwu’s Mok-
hini said if they were not
reinstated they will con-
sider taking legal action
against the company.

JPRS~SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

3400/616

by the end of 1984 and often the same pylon within
a day or two of it being repaired. Towards the end
of last year the saboteurs began laying anti-personnel
mines to discourage the repair teams. The idea
behind Caborra Bassa, formulated before indepen-
dence, was that the plant would deliver all its electri-
city to South Africa, where it could provide 10% of
the country’s energy requirements, and that a certain
amount would be sent back to Mozambique. South
Africa now has an energy crisis and could make
good use of Caborra Bassa’s cheap power; Mozam-
bique could certainly do with the revenue. As it is,
the power never gets further than the first broken
pylon, and when idle, which is almost always, the
plant loses about $10,000 per hour, much of it in
interest charges on loans taken out by the Portuguese
government.

None of Mozambique’s. enormous potential, not
even the comparatively small pickings to be gained
from tourism, has the slightest chance of success
until the security situation is resolved. That thought
now seems to have been driven home in Pretoria
and in Washington, where it has been announced
that $1 million of ‘‘non-lethal’’ military aid will be
sent to Maputoe

37



JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

ZAIRE

EUROPEAN FUNDING FOR COPPER MINING, ENERGY, INFRASTRUCTURE

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURT ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSHAFT in German
31 Dec 84 p 2

[Article by W An: "More Investment Projects with Financial Aid from
International Institutions"]

[Text] In the future, copper mining will continue to be the mainstay of

the economy in the central African state of Zaire. It is responsible for
more than 70 percent of the country's total foreign currency proceeds.

It is conducted in a concession region of 18,800 square kilometers in the
province of Shaba (formerly Katanga) in the south of the country by. the
state enterprise La Generale des Carrieres et des Mines [General Quarries
and Mines] (Gecamines), Lubumbashi/Kinshasa. The copper belt, some 300
kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide, runs in a northwest-southeast
direction and is crossed by a railroad line. The three copper mining centers,
West (Kolwezi), Central (Likasi) and East (Lubumbashi), each of which include
copper mines as well as treatment and processing plants, had already been
established in the Belgain colonial period by the old Union Miniere de Haut~
Katanga [Mining Union of Upper Katanga].

There is, moreover, a second less important enterprise active in Zairian
copper mining, the Societe de Developpement Industriel et Minier du Zaire
(Mining and Industrial Development Company of Zaire] (Sodimiza), Lubumbashi,
in which the Japanese Nippon Mining Company is also involved. Since 1972,
Sodimiza has been exploiting the Musoshi deposit in the south of Shaba, near
the border with Zambia. Another deposit in. the province of Shaba is
supposedly being tapped by the Societe Miniere de Tenke-Fungurume [Mining
Company of Tenke-Fungurume] (SMIF), Kinshasa. The French state Bureau de
Recherches Geologiques et Minieres [Office of Mining and Geological Research]
(BRGM), Paris, has been brought into the preparations for this long-planned
project.

In Zaire, the second most important African copper supplier after Zambia,
more than 502,300. tons of copper were produced in 1983, almost the same
amount as in the previous year (502,400 tons). The export of copper stood
at 479,760 tons in 1983, for a value of 730 million dollars. In 1982, it
was 508,200 tons for 716 million dollars. Since the end of July 1984,
Gecamines itself has been responsible for marketing its copper, since the

156


JPRS~SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

FINANCING, IMPROVEMENTS OF PORT FACILITIES DISCUSSED

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 21 Jan 85 pp 1, 2

[Excerpts]

. tion of ship repair faci

"A delegation led by the Princi--

pal Secretary for Planning, and
External Relations. Mrs
Danielle de St Jorre, left Sey-
chelles for the Ivory Coast
yesterday for loan negotiations
with the African Development
Bank (ADB) on the commer-
cial port expansion project.
Mrs de St Jorre was ac-
companied by two senior offi-
cials from the same ministry —
Mr Emmanuel Faure, the Di-
rector of Planning and Chicf
Economist, and Mr Allan
Lloyd, the Chief Engineer.

The project involves moder-
nising and extending the com-
mercial port so that it will be
able to handle a greater volume
of cargo and berth larger ships.
It is an integral part of the East
Coast Project which also com-
prises the development of a
new industrial and demersal
fishing port and the construc-

Victoria's present commer-
cial port is limited in area and
facilities. It has a quay 265
metres long, 25 metres of which
is unusable, and a water depth
of 10.6 metres. Four sheds
cover an area of approximately
6,700 square metres.

The port was built as a come :

bined passengerygeneral cargo;
oil discharging/fuel supply
harbour, but this mixture of

68

functions and the limited total
area of five hectares hampers
the port’s efficiency and makes
it increasingly difficult to han-
dle increases in container
traffic.

The aim of the Commercial
Port Project is to expand and
rehabilitate existing facilities so ,
as to meet present, as well as:
future, requirements of larger’
ships and the various demands !
of container cargo handling. |

It will be necessary to stop ,
fueling fishing vessels at the :
commercial port and to move
this operation to the fishing |
port at the Long Pier. New ber-
thing and discharge facilities
for oil, bulk cement and liquid
petroleum gas will be provided.

The ships’ turning area will
be extended and deepened to
allow large tankers and cargo
vessels to manoeuvre safely.
‘The project will also provide
sufficiént additional land for
existing needs and future
expansion.

The dredging that will have
to be done will, through recla-
mation, add approximately
16.5 hectares of new land to the
port area for future port and
industrial development.

Some 6,600 square metres of
container handling area
surfaced with concrete blocks, ;
12,000 square metres of out- '

SEYCHELLES


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHAIRMAN OF SOWETO'S COMMITTEE OF TEN COMMENTS ON BOTHA'S STATEMENTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Feb 85 p 10

[Interview with Dr. Nthato Motlana by Leon Marshall]

[Text ]

Question: How do you see the
President’s speech? Have you
taken “cautious encourage-
ment” from it as initially re-
ported?

Answer: The President made
a bland statement. What could
Thave found encouraging about
it? It lacked everything that
could be called a statement of
intent. Mr Botha might have
tried to placate his right wing
by being vague. But what has it
left us, the black people?

It was a vague and highly
qualified statement. He could
have said all blacks could qual-
ify for freehold tenure. Yet he
qualified it by saying it would
apply only to those who quali-
fied for leasehold rights. And
we all know how difficult it is
to even get leasehold.

I don’t know what this debat-
ing society is that he is offering
us where the Government is
supposed to talk to invited
blacks. We've been doing that
since 1910. We don’t need it.

In black society the state-
ments have been rejected al-
most with contempt. For the
moment it has given us no hope
whatsoever. We'll have to see
what the enabling legislation
on freehold rights and influx
control says.

Q: What do you think would
break the logjam between
white and black?

A: Many black people have
said to me to break the logjam,
to end mistrust, the Govern-

77

ment needs to do something

_ dramatic.

I suggest two minor things
that could be done towards that
end and that would not affect
the power structure — in other
words white minority rule. The
Government needs to say:
@We abolish the pass laws
with all their ramifications
forthwith.

@ We abolish the Group Areas
Act forthwith.

If it is prepared to do that it
will create so much goodwill
that it will be possible to start
negotiations towards a consti-
tutional agreement. Many
blacks would sit down and talk.
But that is the bottom line —
abolition of the Group Areas
jAct and the pass laws.

I was once invited by Dr Piet
Koornhof to serve on a regional
committee for urban blacks.
Before agreeing, I- called a
public meeting to consult the
ordinary people. There were
two things they said should be
done before I could serve on
the committee: abolish the
Group Areas Act and the pass

WS.

The question is whether the
Government has the political
courage to do that.

The problem is that the
longer they delay, the more dif-
ficult it will become for nego-
tations. Black demands are
growing, not diminishing. First
they demanded one department
‘of education, not caring wheth-



157136

‘JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

, (m0 quanrry msercrep 2

- 19980204 196 |

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY i
Aiea sry cy PEROT
| us. EE, OF COMMERCE | Approved for public release;

— ee Distribution Unlimited r]



ECONOMIC CRISIS HITS PORT ELIZABETH

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Feb 85 p12

[Article by Allan Soule]

[Text]

PORT ELIZABETH, once
the symbol of promise of a
better future for thov-
sands of settlers and Jc-
cals, is sinking into a city
of suffering and crisis.

‘The ghosts of unemploy-
ment, poverty and hunger
that have. Jong haunted the
country’s fifth largest metro-

jlitan area are now emerg-
ing in proportions far worse
than predicted.

In poorer quarters of
all race groups, stomachs are

empty.

Reports reveal that in ex-
treme cases children are dy-
ing of malnutrition-related

diseases.

The artificial aura of
everyday normality, which
has shrouded the city since
the first signs of economic
crisis began to emerge late
ast year, is beginning to dis-

sipate.

FRocketing unierployment
and its dark ‘consequences
are driving thousands of the
helpless and the homeless
into welfare offices through-
out the city.

‘What less than four months
ago was described as a trick-
Je has turned into a flood of
destitute humanity.

Poor whites ©

According to weary social
workers, the effects of reces-
sion in the city know no ra-
cial barriers.

Mrs Retha van der Merwe,
head regional representative
‘Of the Afrikaanse Christelike
‘Vrovevereeninging, an or-
ganisation that deals near-

103

exclusively with white wel-

fare cases, says her

organisation is hard-pressed

to meet the burgeoning needs

a the poor-white commun-
ty.

“The increase in pleas for
assistance has grown dra-
matically. It is reason for
great concern,” she said.

. “Every week about eight
new families come to us
help and we are only one of
many welfare organisations
in Port Elizabeth. -

“Unemployment is our
greatest enemy and it’s in-
creasing at an alarming rate.
Families are selling their
furniture for food. :

“In extreme cases where
parents can no longer afford

feed their children we are
sending them to rural board-

schools.” \

Embattled

‘The recent announcement
of Ford Motor Company's
merger with Amcar and
consequent loss of thousands
of jobs in Port Elizabeth was
Fesigation by the regions
resignation ie ion’s
embattled workforce.

Said one Ford worker soon
after the news broke: “I’m
glad the waiting is over, now
we can plan for the future
and try to get on with our
lives.”

Despite efforts by local in-
dustrial and civic leaders to
soften the ruinous develo
ments of the past eight
months, there is growin,

ir in the homes of workers
roughout the area.

‘There is talk of innovative

JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



Some controversial decisions taken in the past were reaffirmed, such as the
rejection of the Mixed Marriages Act--although the full decision also refers
to the multiple problems which can arise, especially with regard to children
born from such marriages.

Detention without trial, nuclear weapons, migrant labour and other "social
sins", to which previous synods had already given some guidelines, and none of
which had been supported unconditionally by the GKSA, have also been referred
for further study. The object of the study this time is of great signifi-
cance, since it will be to consider whether issues like detention and nuclear
weapons can ever be justified--or not tolerated under any circumstances.

Always more progressive than its two sister churches, the GKSA this year
increased the distance even more so. And, in its view, all of it is based
firmly on Scripture. As one delegate said: "I am very satisfied because it
was clear that the conservative political and theological views are disappear-
ing before a more Scriptural approach."

/

There is one important reservation, though, and one which affects half of the
total membership of the church across all racial lines--women. After six
years of study of women in office, it was again decided that women have no
voting rights and may not become deacons or elders. The study project is to
be continued.

Possibly more important than any single decision taken at the synod was the
new realisation that all controversial issues should be decided at the general
synod rather than the national synod.

If there has been a significant change, it is this one, as it points to pro-
gress beyond even that of the Government's new tricameral system, since blacks

will be included on an equal basis in talks and decision-making. And that
means all blacks--not only coloureds and Indians,

CSO: 3400/528

126


medical students who had refused to return to Durban's King Edward VIII
hospital for training, went back yesterday, according to the hospital's
superintendent, Dr Justin Morfopolous. He said the situation has returned
to normal at the hospital and all workers who had been sacked following
the strike, had been reinstated. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English
15 Feb 85 p 3]

EIGHT HUNDRED CHANGE RACES--PARLIAMENT--Nearly 800 South Africans became,
officially, members of a different race group last year, according to figures
given to Mr Tian van der Merwe (PFP, Green Point). They included 518
coloureds who were officially reclassified as white, 14 whites who became
coloured, seven Chinese who became white and two whites who became Chinese.
There were also three Malays who became white, one white who became an Indian,.
50 Indians who became coloured, 54 coloureds who became Indian, 17:Indians who
became Malay, four coloureds who:became Chinese and a Malay:who became ‘
Chinese. There were 89 blacks who became coloured, five coloureds who became
black, [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Feb 85 p 3]

cs0: 3400/619

154


Briefs oo
German Aid for Rural’ Programs

BDC Takes Over Farmland

Drought Relief Program Suspension

Employment ‘Bureau Closed a Sosy
Hungarians Held :

Rail Project

ETHIOPIA

S&T Commission Signs Accord With Sweden :
° (THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 19 Jan 85)........eseecceeeteeeessees

Assab Port Undergoes Rapid Modernization .
(Kifle Djote; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 27 Jan 85)...

Effort To Increase Livestock Exports Reported
(Melese Telahoun; THE ETHIOPIAN Herald, 31 Jan 85) ee eceeeeee

Nekempte~Bure Road Construction Agreement Signed .
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Feb 85).......ccccecscceceacsceeees

Institute To Train More Lab Technicians ;
(Makonnen Haile; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Feb 85)............

Briefs .
Mining Engineering Association
Gamo: Goffa Development
Army Development Role —
GUINEA

Key Figures 4a Cabinet Reshuffle

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 30 Jan 85) seececneeeecsesecteeegera es

TVORY COAST

Joint Military Exercises With France ,
- (AFRICAN DEFENCE, Jan 85) .......ccccccccccecctcctevceaseveces

LESOTHO

Briefs | wt :
UK Wins Final Airport Contract

MALAWI

Briefs -
Uranium Deposits: Discovered
RSA Students Visit Forests
Telecommnications Loan Agreement

-b-

18

19

21

23

24

26

26

27

28

29

30
30
30


cso:

pattempts to draw new indus-

fact, recently several
new industries have moved
to the complex and more are
expected after the Govern-
jprentis a yuncement ot an
‘amy Incentive package
In the meanwhile, beyond
the sprawling industrial waf-
fle-grid complexes of the
jester Port Elizabeth-
itenhage area, lie the vast
black townships.
And judging by reports of
widespread hunger and mal-
trtion, the of

nut shortage
food in the townships is al-
ready cause for alarm.

Children

Operation Hunger organ.
ier pont out that the Fast-
ern and Border are
among the neediest areas,
intone Hoopla Pena
ings! ital, Por

eae
cal facility, show sent
of children under the age of
five admitted to the hospital
are underdeveloped,

cases of malnutri-
tion and tuberculosis are on
the increase and there is con-
‘cern that the situation may
get out of hand.

‘increasingly desperate.

| increase in the hunger .
“The black male unem-
ployment figure is already
extremely high and this is

rebar
“Most work

3400/618

me ch aw sks ‘
; i evel.

104

“Because of the recession,
and financial ssures in
white households, thousands
are losing their jobs leaving
families with no source of in-

come.
‘Malnutrition among
‘black children is reaching

alarming proportions.”

Mrs J Krorphout, adminis-
trative secretary of the Port
Elizabeth Charity Organisa-
tion, which runs a local feed-
ing scheme, says her organi-
sation is battling to cope with
fhe flood of lestitute and

ungry le.

“the indrease over the

few months has n
past fe ths has beer
marked. Babies are brought
here for help,” she said,

“They come to us as a last
resort, in some cases it’s too
late - children are dying
from malnutrition-relat
disease. We need money to
feed these people.”

Depressed

Mr Harold Davidson, di-
rector of the’ Community
Chest, said: “We are doing ev-

thing in our er to
raise money but it’s unlikely
i ever be able to

: that we wil
kegp up with demand.

ur commercial and in-
dustrial sectors, from where
the bulk of our contributions
come, gre | in a severely de-

“On average the organisa-
fons re ey have asked
for al percent more
this year. It is impossible to
these demands.”

While the current unem-
ployment figure for the East-
ern Cape is 80.000, some so-
cial workers believe the
figure to be at least three or
four times that much.



The Gondar Public Health College is also training laboratory technicians and
its output in the period 1950-1975 E.C. totalled 205 junior and 26 senior
laboratory technicians.

The training at the centre is conducted by an All-Ethiopian staff, in which
all qualified personnel from the various departments are participating in
the programme for senior laboratory technicians. The course for junior
laboratory technicians covers wide-ranging topics including parasitology,
hematology, serology, blood banking, urine analysis, clinical chemistry and
introductory to laboratory work.

In addition to the above-mentioned subjects, senior laboratory technicians
attend classes in entomology, histology, veterinary public health, statis-
tics, epidemiology, public health, bacteriology, equipment maintenance,
laboratory management, micology and quality control.

Comrade Asrat said that there is a future plan for setting up laboratory
technicians' training centres in each administrative region of the country.
Jimma will soon have a training centre of its own. Part of the plan aims at
up-grading the training programme for senior laboratory technicians leading
to the BSC level.

The institute is also offering refresher courses to old graduates and para—
medical personnel including health officers, nurses, medical doctors and
health assistants in laboratory technology. Personnel engaged in the field
of industrial chemistry are given short-term courses in quality control,
bacteriology and chemicals.

cso: 3400/637

25



It seems a.long time since the white Mineworkers’ Union played a key role in
the NP's rise to power. To say that it is no longer in favour would be to
put it mildly.

In an editorial headlined "Anachronism, ' DIE VADERLAND pointed out that the
black National Union of Mineworkers had given notice that it was going to put
job reservation on the bargaining. table this year.

The union, said DIE VADERLAND, would have the preponderance of sympathy,
including that of the whites, on its side.

"The mines are the only labour area where job reservation persists as an
anachronism, at the insistence of the right-wing Mineworkers’ Union.

"We accept that there are good reasons why the MWU clings to certain reserva-
tions. But those problems must be sorted out, not by the maintenance of job
reservation but by training blacks up to the necessary level of competence
and responsibility."

DIE VADERLAND said that "with the whole of South Africa dynamically on the
road to a new dispensation," it was not tolerable that the already rejected
policy of job reservation should be concealed and maintained in the mining
tunnels.

Commenting on the government's projected forum for dialogue with black
leaders, BEELD columnist Mr Piet Muller said it was imperative that "extra-
parliamentary groups" should be among those with whom discussions were held.

They represented a spectrum of political opinion without which a lasting
settlement would be impossible.

"Such a dialogue, if it is really penetrating and meaningful, is going to
make us realise with a shock that the political expectations and demands

of the average black urban dweller have already moved far beyond the official
viewpoint of a revolutionary movement like the ANC.

"The Freedom Charter, on which the ANC has always based its standpoints,
may have been revolutionary in the Fifties, but if one reads it today it
sounds almost old-fashioned in its reasonableness.

"There are in fact few young people in Soweto who would still be willing to
subscribe to it."

Desperate situations require desperate remedies. Nonetheless, Mr Carl Werth
of Germiston must have raised some eyebrows among RAPPORT's readers when

he suggested in a letter that the only solution to South Africa's problems
was for the country to become the 51st state of the United States.

"Think," he urged, "how much both countries would benefit!"

84


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

EFFECTS OF RESTRICTION LAWS ON TWO ANC LEADERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Feb 85 p 6

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text]

Present leader of the ANC, Mr
Oliver Tambo was quoted exten-
sively on television and in all
major newspapers this week even
though he has been legally
gagged in South Africa for years.

Because he is a listed person in
terms of the Internal Security
Act, Mr Tambo, who lives in
exile, may not ever be quoted un-
less special permission is granted
by the Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le Grange.

This week the Minister, for
reasons best known to himself,
gave that permission. °

In contrast the jailed ANC
leader, Nelson Mandela, present-
ly serving a life sentence in
Pollsmoor prison, MAY be quot-
ed.

TWO LISTS

There are two lists of restrict-
ed people which newspapers con-
sult almost daily.

The first includes a short list of
people currently residing in the
country who are banned under re-
striction orders which limit their
movements and also silence
them.

The second is one of listed
communists and office-bearers of
banned organisations stretching
back decades and including some
people who are dead and many
others living abroard who may
not be quoted, even after their
deaths.

Apart from consulting these
less than compehensive lists and
lawyers, newspapers tend to

79

apply a rule of thumb: “When in
doubt, leave it out.”

It was only recently that news-
papers aid other media finally
clarified Mandela’s legal position
and his right to be heard.

BY DEFAULT

Even now, authorities in nei-
ther the Department of Law and
Order nor the Department of Jus-
tice are willing to go on record
and state categorically that what
he says may be published.

It appears that by default,
newspapers silenced Mandela for
17 years and four months longer
than was stipulated in the letter
of the law.

Mandela’s is a complicated
case involving a maze of security
legislation. Five major acts,
some of which have been incor
porated into each other, must be
scrutinised to explain how and
why he was silenced and how he
can now be quoted.

The acts include the Suppress-
ion of Communism Act of 1950,
the Unlawful Organizations Act
of 1960, the General Law Amend-
ment Act of 1962, the Internal Se-
curity Act of 1982, and the Pris-
ons Act of 1959.

Shortly before his imprison-
ment on November 7 1962, Man-
dela was prohibited for five
years, in terms of the Suppression
of Communism Act, from attend-
ing gatherings.

From October 4 1962 to Octo-
ber 1 1967 it was unlawful, in
terms of a clause in the Gener-

SOUTH AFRICA



consulted and the drafts went to the Labour Advisory Board which had repre~
sentatives of trade unions.

The Minister said therefore, that in the final analysis if the laws are
oppressive then all parties were to plame, that is the Government, employers
and unions.

Mr Matlhabaphiri commented on a few sections of the. Employment Act. He
clarified that the "just cause" provision, which gives either party to the
contract the right to protest against termination of a contract of service,
explained the principles of first-in-last-out. He said it made a provision
of taking into account the need for the efficient operation of the under-
taking, ability, experience, skill and occupational qualifications of each
employee.

He said section 28 dealt with the entitlement. of severance benefit in place
of gratuity or pension after working for at least five years. He said even
though certain provisions of this act will not apply to domestic and agri-.
cultural employees, some like paid leave and minimum wage will apply to
domestic servants for the first time.

Mr Matlhabaphiri said generally, the act was seen as a milestone in labour
development in this country. On the Trade Union Act, he referred to BFTU
Action Programme of 1981/82 and said section 61 of the act which defines a
member of management was in response to paragraph 1 on page 11 of this
programme. He reminded the delegates that section 21 and 22 of the act was
in response to the BFIU recommendation at paragraph 3 on page 11.

Mr Matlhabaphiri said he was drawing from documentation to show the BFTU
members that the Government's consultative machinery did not lose sight of
the views of the trade union. He challenged anybody who éan still.argue
that the government did not take "your advice into consideration when this
legislation was passed."

Mr Matlhabaphiri said as this legislation protects trade unions against
dangerous leaders who regard themselves as trade unions and who take deci-
gions which in the final analysis do not benefit workers generally, such
characters were now talking about legislation as if trade unions did not
appreciate it. :

He said the government would like to see the trade unions implement this
law. If there are problems, they would be resolved through consultations
that certain sections need to be amended. He appealed to workers to study
the legislation for them to know their rights.

The chairperson of the Botswana Diamond Sorters-Valuators Union, Miss Ina
Kanaira said at the same conference the employer-employee relations had
improved over the years due to the existence of trade unions.

Miss Kanaira was addressing a conference of the Union that morning.



|

“Ours is a cry for help from the wilderness," he said.

Centracoc was aware that Central Government was busy formulating development
policy at present. "But these global policies have to be worked through to
their small-scale application.

"We urge all policy-making bodies to delve deeper into the practical aspects
before blueprints for development are finalised.

"Although we as whites are not to blame for the development gap, we are
responsible for taking it into account."

Mr Uys acknowledged: "It sounds impossible to promote the lowest prices
tendered for the purchase of a township property.

"But guidelines can be inscribed into tenders to promote the local small
businessman," he said.

‘White Money Power' Defended
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 25 Jan 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] White businessmen have strongly defended unfettered economic competi-
tion against criticism that black entrepreneurs in the townships are at the
mercy of a much stronger "white money power" invading their homeground.

The businessmen rejected the suggestion that black investors should be pro-
tected against the huge resources of the white-owned business establishment
through legislation.

The criticism was levelled recently by the Central Chamber of Commerce,
Centracoc, who said white-owned capital should be banned in the underdeveloped
townships because it represented exploitation of underprivileged communities
without promoting black entrepreneurs.

Centracoc suggested legislation should be introduced to handicap the flow of
white capital into townships and give black businessmen first bite at new
opportunities.

Centracoc cited as an example an erf in Katutura which was sold by tender to
the Caltex Oil company for R190,000 when there were several tenders from
black entrepreneurs, the highest of which was R35,000, and the reserve price
on the erf R13,000.

The Manager of Caltex in Namibia, Mr Charles von Gericke, said "I fully
agree that we will develop the black man as far as possible."

But he added: "If we want a free market system in SWA and to have open
areas and no discrimination then we can't legislate for new restrictions."

49



The birth rate, however, is growing. While fewer than five births were
being recorded a month last year, in January alone this year 10 births were
recorded.

Save the Children Fund (USA) has been running the school programme at the
camp. Pre-school, adult literacy and skills-training have been launched.

Because of the nature of the assistance sought from UNHCR by the Government,
Mr Eltayeb explained, the refugees body had not made any provision for edu-
cation, being under the impression that it was an emergency programme last-
ing only between April and December 1984.

"But practically, these people are still here and a provision has now been
made for education," he said.

‘The camp administrator, Cde’ Fidelis Masango, said the Mozambicans there are
divided "fifty-fifty" between those who want to return home and those who
want to stay.

Cde Masango said that now that the people are well-settled and comfortable,
they are becoming lazy and complacent.

"They are reluctant to take part in their activities, like the adult literacy
and skills-training programmes," he said.

The camp, which was opened on June 24 last year, is a typical example of a
well-organised settlement, complete with police and radio communication link
between it and Nyanga. There are showers, too.

An administration block is surrounded by blooming flowers. "This is the
first time I have seen flowers in a refugee camp," said Mr Eltayeb.

CSO: 3400/629

166


JPRS~SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LARGE THIRD WORLD SECTOR IN NATION'S ECONOMY CAUSES CONCERN
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 10 Feb 85 p 8
{Article by Elizabeth Dostal]

[Text] If£ the economic conditions and policies of the
previous decade continue, by the year’ 2000 about 44 per-
cent of South Africa's labour force will have to find
means other than an income in the formal economy to
satisfy their basic needs. This, says Elizabeth Dostal,
senior researcher at the Institute for Futures Research,
Stellenbosch University, is an explosive situation. The
following is an edited extract from a paper presented by
her to the Human Option conference in’ Grahamstown this
week.

South Africa has a large Third World sector which, even under favourable
@conomic conditions, is likely to increase in relative as well as absolute
terms.

However, the social, economic and political structures, the thinking and
actions of our decisionmakers and the expectations expressed by the spokes-
men of the lesser privileged reflect a First World paradigm and the misguided
belief that the Third World sector will sooner or later be absorbed by the
First World sector.

This hope hinges mainly on the following strategies:

--More economic growth and investment. Even a return to a long-term average
of about 4.5 percent is likely to result in an absolute as well as relative
growth of the peripheral sector. According to a recent SA Reserve Bank
study, the long-term potential of the economy is estimated to be between
3.5 and 4 percent.

—-More redistribution. As a strategy to significantly advance the socio-
economic development of the whole population it is not effective. For
example if we could redistribute the total income of society equally among
all its members, we would have a per capita income of R1,300 a year.

91



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

GOOD CONDITIONS IN MOZAMBICAN REFUGEE CAMP
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 3 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] Mozambicans arriving in Zimbabwe are fleeing the activities of the
Mozambique National Resistance bandits as well as the famine conditions
which drove thousands of their countrymen into Zimbabwe aid camps last year.

Last month some 132 Mozambicans crossed the eastern border to join others
already settled at Tongogara camp. One of them told THE SUNDAY MAIL last
week he had not run away from hunger--there were lush green maize fields
where he had come from--while representatives of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees said they were convinced the continued influx was
also a result of instability in Mozambique.

"It is not only the fact of drought that has driven them here but instabil-
ity at home," said UNHCR programme officer Mr Eltayeb Abduladid Eltayeb.

Mr Eltayeb said UNHCR has set aside about $1.4 million to take care of
refugees this year in the four Government emergency aid camps, Tongogara,
Nyangombe, Mazowe River and Nyamatikiti which by the end of last September
already held about 15,000 Mozambicans.

The organisation allocated more than $1 million from its emergency funds to
Zimbabwe last year.

Other reports last week said Tete province was one of the most severely
drought affected areas of Mozambique and in Changara district, where drought
had claimed 2,500 lives, international aid and monthly food distribution had
now put an end to the daily deaths.

THE SUNDAY MAIL visited Nyangombe camp near Nyanga last week, accompanied
by Mr Eltayeb.

Nyangombe houses some 1,330 Mozambicans on 30 ha of fertile land.

Two medical assistants and six nurses check the health of the Mozambicans
daily. Most common ailments are diarrhoea and malaria.

About 110 patients pass through the clinic doors each day; malnutrition is

no longer as serious a problem as when the Mozambicans started arriving in
Zimbabwe late in 1983 and no new cases are being reported.

165



NEW SECURITY GUARD FORCE ESTABLISHED

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 31 Jan 85 pp 1, 2

[Text]

THE first 100 men and women
of an eventual 400 who will
make up the new Seychelles
Security Guards were sworn
into the new force yesterday at
the Mont Fleuri police barracks.

All existing security guards
in Seychelles, a total of 196,

have been transferred into the,

new corps tun by the Seychelles
Police Force. Another 148
people have been recruited and
55 more vacancies are soon to
be advertised, the Chief Secu-
rity Guard, Mr Clive Elizabeth,
said after the ceremony yester-
dav morning.

Once the new force is well
established, all government,
parastatal and private esta-
blishments that need security
guards will have to apply to the
Police and pay for the services.

The force is divided into
three regions covering North,
Central and South Mahe with
regional offices at the Beau
Vallon, Central and Anse
Royale police stations. The
force’s headquarters will be at
the Central Police Station in
Victoria.

The South region, by far the
largest as it stretches from the
Anse aux Pins Sadeco farm to
Takamaka and Port Glaud,
also has a sub-office at the Baie
Lazare Police Station. The
Central region stretches from

70

Upper Belonie and Union Vale
south along the east coast to
Anse aux Pins, while the North
Tegion includes Anse Etoile,
Glacis, Beau Vallon and Bel
Ombre.

Each region is headed by a
Senior Security Guard.

As from Friday, February 1,
when the Seychelles Security ;
Guards officially go into ac-
tion, all perSonnel will have to
report for duty at their tegional
Offices in the areas where they
work, and not where they live.

They will work in 7 a.m. to3 i
9.m.,3 p.m. to 11 p.m. and 11
P.m. to 7 a.m. shifts and will ‘
change location every month. |

The Police will provide a
standard uniform and trans-
port.

Until now, government
ministries and departments, .
hotels, private business and
other establishments have re-
ruited their own security
guards with no proper controle
as to their qualifications and
ability to carry out such a res-
ponsible job effectively.

The new force will soon start
training the guards to patrol:
Premises, prevent and fight
fires, protect valuables such as
money whether on the pre-
mises or in transit, administer
first aid, and question suspects.

SEYCHELLES


NATION'S DETERIORATING SECURITY SITUATION WORRIES SOUTH AFRICA

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 30 Jan 85. pp 4-7

[Text]

President Samora Machel and his Frelimo party are
no better off now than they were nine months ago
after the signing of the Nkomati Accord with South
Africa. Mozambique has degenerated into a state of
armed anarchy which is proving beyond. the ability
of any force'in the region to control. Machel is so

. desperate that for him any option is preferable to

the status quo. The longer his dilemma continues
the more likely he is to request Soviet or Cuban
groundforces. The South African government,
appalled at such a prospect, would stop the MNR
guerrillas if it could. Yet the MNR operates with

apparent impunity within earshot of Maputo and

with regularity throughout the rural areas.

Two weeks.ago the South African foreign minister,
Pik Botha, appeared on South African television to
to say that prior to the Nkomati Accord South
Africa was indeed arming and ‘assisting the MNR.
His confirmation of a fact that has been well known
for three years, was intended, presumably, to give
credibility to a declaration that South African aid
to the MNR stopped with the signing of the accord.
But, as examined below, South African support. is
unlikely to have stopped. altogether.

It ‘is iriconceivable that South African intélligence does not
know about or cannot prevent MNR hit-and-run tactics that are
clearly launched from South Africa. Ten days ago two Britons
driving from South Africa to Maputo were bayonetted to death
ess than two miles inside Mozambique. Tracks led directly from
the ambush site across the South African border into a populated

and undoubtedly closely-monitored area. If those tracks had been

made by ANC guerrillas, the focal South African security police
would have been sacked by now. © “ “

The suggestion that South Africa still supports the MNR,
however furtively, enrages President Pleter Botha. The implica-

tion that he is ignorant of what is happening, or alternatively |

that he does kriow but is unable to do anything about it, strikes
at his personal prestige and the notion that South Africa is under
the ultimate control of a civilian government. :

For its part, Mozambique feels it has delivered

31

UPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MOVE TO PROTECT FOREIGN AID WORKERS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Feb 85 p 4

[Text] MAPUTO--Foreign aid workers in Mozambique are being pulled back into
five regional centres following attacks on foreigners by MNR rebels.

About 40 Soviet non-essential staff have returned home because the Mozambique
military authorities could not guarantee them adequate protection.

Danish, Canadian, Dutch and Swedish expatriates who work on agricultural and

other aid projects in exposed rural situations are being instructed to move to
the provincial centres of Mapu, Beira, Quelimane, Nampula, or, in some instan-
ces, Tete because conditions in the country side are considered too dangerous.

The Soviet staff:who have been withdrawn were working mainly in the northern
provinces of Cabo Delgado and Tete. Most of the group were family members but
included interpreters and other staff.

Decision

The decision to withdraw was taken following the deaths of eight East German
technicians. last December near Lichinga on the Malawi border.

It was stressed that the withdrawal took place with the agreement of the
Mozambican authorities after requests for guaranteed protection could not be
met.

An interdepartmental committee has been set up in Maputo to review the secur—
ity of foreign aid projects on a case-by-case basis. It is chaired by Foreign
Minister Joaquim Chissano.

Spokesmen for Western embassies say the step does not mean a reduction in
assistance to Mozambique, but is intended to prevent further deaths.

--In September jast year MNR Secretary-General Evo Fernandes said expatriates
in Mozambique would be viewed as targets. Since then, about a dozen have been
killed. :

cso: 3400/619

43



“Services were rationalised and we allowed our staff reduction by natural
attrition. Le :

"Because we made these plans and were able to predict what was coming we are
not in a position where we have to retrench," the spokesman added.

Was the newspaper industry caught napping?
"No," says Mr McLean.

"I believe the Argus Company was well alerted to the fact that we would be
facing a depressed trading market in the early part of this year, although
it has turned out to be worse than was expected."

What can the industry do to help itself?

Mr Mazwai: "What has to be taken into consideration is the fact that in
South Africa there are two newspaper markets, one for whites and one for
blacks, and the challenge to the white market, in some respects, is far
greater than that which faces the black newspaper industry.

"The reason for this is that television has not had the same effect on
blacks as on whites. In the first place there are proportionately far
fewer blacks with television sets than there are whites and, secondly,
the programmes presented on TV2 and TV3 are rejected by the majority of
black viewers.

"So, as the TV programmes do not really appeal to them, they still want to
buy newspapers. This helps the black newspaper market.

"Whites, on the other hand, although they still complain about the tele-
vision programmes, are far more likely to prefer TV to newspapers.

"The challenge facing the newspaper industry in South Africa will have to be
met by concentrating more on in-depth backgrounders and comment pieces of
the type television is not really able to produce in great quantities," he
said.

"Many of South Africa's "holy cows' will have to be tackled. There is a
great reluctance among white newspapers in general to approach black politi-

cal organisations for their views and comments. This approach must be
altered.

"We need a far more courageous approach to reporting."

Many South African publishing companies have diversified, and more of this
could help.

"As far as the Argus Company is concerned, newspapers are still our major
business but we have certainly diversified," said Mr McLean.

112


Mr Gowaseb disclosed that Centracoc had received a written request from a
white business chamber for amalgamation.

"These people saw the danger and realised that with their money power they
still cannot walk the road to economic independence and a healthy govern-
ment alone," he said.

The President, Mr Michael Narib, would not say who it was, but the request,
as well as the development questions, would be raised at an extraordinary
congress scheduled for later this month.

Mr Gowaseb said they realised "when independence comes there will not sud-
denly be huge new investments. If the white man is honest he will do it
now."

Mr Narib pointed out whites would not buy residential properties in town-
ships "because they would not benefit."

But they tendered for business erven, outbidding their weaker black compe-
titors.

"Katutura is developing fast and white money powers are infiltrating like
roaring lions for nothing else but exploitation," Mr Gowaseb said.

The Katutura Advisory Board had told Centracoc it had no power to rectify
the situation, and that as civil servants they only implemented government
policy. "Why don't they fit policy to the circumstances?" he asked.

“How can black people be expected to help in the search for a solution
if they still own nothing," asked Mr Narib.

When it became permissible for blacks to own property "only one door was
opened to them."

But the door to capital accumulation had remained shut over the decades and
now they were expected to compete on an equal footing with entrenched white
capital.

Loan applications by black businessmen were turned down by banks because
they could not furnish the deposits and securities.

Mr Narib called for the formation of a statutory township development fund
and urged the "white money powers" to invest in it, rather than compete
openly with township businessmen.

"We don't want to beg from the white businesses, we only want to be given
an opportunity as the Afrikaners were."

Mr Johan Uys, Centracoc's "advisor and bookkeeper," explained there was a

"real fear," amongst township businessmen of new white-owned capital buying
up business erven and floating businesses in their part of town.

48


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RECORD FOR DETENTIONS HIGH IN 1984
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Jan 85 pp 1, 9
[Article by Joe Openshaw]

[Text] Last year was one of the worst periods of repression in South Africa,
in which more than 1 100 people were detained, according to experts who at-
tended the annual conference of the National Medical and Dental Association
(Namda) in Johannesburg at the weekend.

A detainees’ health group paper delivered at the conference stated that 1984
was rivalled only by 1960-61 (Sharpeville) and 1976-77 (the students unrest)
for repression and over 1 100 people were detained. They were predominantly
from the ranks of scholars, students and teachers, and political and community
workers.

"The authorities appear to have given an instruction to the Security Police to
clean up their image," the group claimed, commenting on changes in the police
tactics.

There was no discernible reduction, however, in the amount and severity of
abuse of detainees during 1984, the group alleged. Of 1 093 detainees held up
till November, only 13, that is 1,1 percent, were successfully charged and
convicted.

Statistics presented show that the Transvaal bore the brunt of "Security
Police harassment" accounting for 36 percent of all 1984 detentions.

It appeared that in 1984 the Security Police responded to an instruction to
improve South Africa's repressive image by detaining fewer people in terms of
the Internal Security Act.

But a number of people were detained in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act,
giving the impression they were not security detainees.

Proof of the image-building efforts was reflected in the large number of

detainees held for less than 48 hours, and the many more detainees who were
charged in court, the group claimed.

133



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

LIVING CONDITIONS IN MAPUTO DESCRIBED
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 3 Feb 85 p14
[Article by Jacques de Vos Malan: "Maputo: City Under Siege"’]

[Text] In Maputo on a hot, humid Saturday night, Buzio's is the place to be.
There is, of course, the Polana Hotel but it's strictly for the very wealthy
and everything must be paid for in foreign currency.

So you settle for Buzio's. The food is not good and the beer is truly awful,
but Buzio's is full and noisy, a place to forget for a while the problems
which lie outside.

The "Aeroporto Internacional de Maputo" at Mavalane boasts three~metre-high
lettering which inform the traveller he is about to enter a "zone of human
liberty"--a zone which at first sight seems almost deserged and, on this
occasion as it has done so often in the past, without electric power.

Near the airport, at the foot of the modern Ministry of Agriculture building,
is a vast traffic circle which surrounds Heroes! Acre, the permanently
guarded tomb of Eduardo Mondlane, the founder of Frelimo. Oppose the tomb
is a vast mural, 95 m long, the collective work of a group of artists which
depicts on a curving wall 6 m tall the story of the struggle towards inde-
pendence. This is only the first, albeit the most impressive, of the

scores of mural paintings which decorate the city.

In the city, apart from their names, Avenida Julius Nyerere and Avenida
Kenneth Kaunda have not changed much. This is still “embassy row" where
foreign representatives live in comfortable two-storey houses overlooking
the bay. In the same area live the senior Frelimo officials. It is here
too, in what used to be the Sporting Clube de Lourenco Marques, that Field
Marshal President’ Samora Machel has the largest of his several headquarters
between which he shuttles at irregular intervals to confound any would-be
assassins.

Compared to the Lisbon-like bustle of pre-independence days, the central
business district of Maputo seems almost abandoned. The doors of John Orr's,
one of the oldest department stores in town, are still dutifully and opti-
mistically opened every day, though inside there are rows and rows of bare
display cabinets and empty shelves.

44


the destruction of the MNR and
romote economic rehabilitation,
For South Africa, the cessation of
ANC infiltration and the achieve-
ment of a diplomatic re-entry
into Africa and the wider world
was the goal.

But once Pretoria’s goals had
been met, different attitudes
were revealed towards the Fre-
limo government and the rebel

‘oup who had been used as a
jever to help transform Frelimo’s
policy towards South Africa.

Should Frelimo be actively
supported in destroying them? Or
should Frelimo and the MNR be
left to slug it out? Or should the
two be encouraged to reconcile
their differences in a government
of national unity? Or should clan-
‘destine aid towards the MNR
through unofficial and third par-
ties be encouraged on the as-
sumption that MNR as an
anti-Marxist, pro-South
African movement,
could and should replace Frelimo
as the government?

‘Elements of all these aj

roaches seemed to be present In

1e attitudes of individuals within
South African governing circles..
‘But such ambivalence could not
endure in the face of events on the
ground and the combined moves
of Mozambique, the US and West-
ern countries in general.
> Firstly, it became clear that
‘the MNR had not only peer, resup-
plied at the time of Nkomati, but
‘were continuing to receive ’assist-
ance from a variety of sources,
thereby enabling them to carry
the war to all 10 Mozambican

rovinces. Apart from the supply
K i the Go--

routes from Malawi and
mores which channelled assist-
ance from individuals in Fortu-
gal, West Germany and perhaps
even Arab, countries, persistent
and seemingly well-founded ru-
mours circulated about assist-
ance from South Africa.

‘As the MNR campaign of ter-

cso: 3400/529

op, drew closer to Maputo, the
prétsure was on to cut off the
movement's sources of supply.

Hence Mr Pik Botha’s trip to
Malawi and the Comgres, whose
friendly governments were
warnéd of the costs in terms of
Southern African stability of tol-

.-erating MNR resupply from their

territory. °.

But the real problem, remained
untackled, Whilst the official
South African commitment to
Nkornati seemed firm enough, the
ambivalence remained. Private
individuals in the Portuguese-
speaking community in South
Africa and’SADF individuals in
‘the field sympathetic to the MNR
continued, from all accounts, to
be active.

‘The strong evidence that the

-oup of MNR rebels responsible

for the two Britons’ death were

based in South Africa and had
been responsible for the most
recent sabotage of the Mozam-
bique powerlines, also just across
the border, seems finally to have
driven Pretoria to its most pre-
cise statement of Policy ‘on Nko-
mati and Mozambique to date.

The State President, Mr P W
Botha, in a special statement this
‘week, said “violent action against
Mozambique from South African
territory will not be tolerated and
the government will not hesitate
to act decisively against people
who plan or perpetrate violence

- against Mozambique, or those

who flee to South Africa after
they have carried out violent ac-
tivities in Mozambique”.

The importance of this state-
ment is that it will, it is hoped,
give South African policy a coher-
ence and direction which hitherto
seems to have been lacking. After
this sign of positive leadership
‘Jong looked for by observers, am-
bivalence dr prevarication’ whe-
ther in the State Security Council
br by.members of the SADF will
be hard to Sustain. *

73

But several questions remain.
Will the closing of the net in South
Africa combined with pressure on
other channels of supply be suffi-
cient to bring the R to the
bargaining fable? And if so, can
the MNR and Frelimo be recon-
ciled?

‘A sober assessment of Mozam-
bigue today — famine, conflict,
brigandage and anarchy in large
areas “of the country combined
with lack of infrastructure and
Frelimo’s always tenuous grip on
Some areas of F e country — does
not give hope for rapid progress.
The Sotions of the network of pri-
vate individuals sympathetic to
the MNR will be hard to monitor.

The task of reconciling the
MNR and Frelimo requires politi-
cal compromises, frobabl ly on
both sides, but mostly now ‘from
the MNR — but which neither
side is prepared to make.

: ‘Though the conventional wis-
dom of the MNR as an amor-
phous, leaderless movement
without coherent pring les has
had to be modified, its deficien-
cies in these areas present serious
negotiating obstacles. Perhaps,
though, they present opportuni-
ties With the MNR gripped
of much of its external backing,
and with a gradually improving
economy, Frelimo might just be
able to make its peace with the
mass and ignore most of the MNR-
leaders.

t the moment Pretoria is un-
liRely to go further, particularly
as the prospect of physical Sout!
African involvement in Mozambi-
can peace-keeping opens a Pan-
dora’s box of conigoversy and dif-
ficulties.

‘The mantle of a regional power

. is a hard one to assume, as Pre-

‘toria is finding out, particularly
when such a role is confused and
made controversial by inter-
nationally condemned racial poli-
cies at home.



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH, AFRICA

VILJOEN'S DEVELOPMENT IN POLITICS SEEN WORTHY OF OBSERVATION
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 10 Feb 85 p 8
[Column by James McClurg: "Nadere Kennis--a Survey of the Afrikaans Press"]

[Text] If BEELD columnist Lood has his political antennae correctly tuned,
the man to watch in the National Party hierarchy is the Minister of Co-
operation, Development and Education, Dr Gerrit Viljoen.

Dr Viljoen's development in politics was being carefully observed, especially
now that he headed such a mighty department as Co-operation and Development,
said Lood.

That he had been put forward as the first government speaker in the No Con-
fidence Debate had caused some political observers to make a note or two.

Now that he was in charge of Co-operation and Development one no longer heard
the stories about a general deterioration in that department which had been
current when Dr Piet Koornhof left it.

It was also believed that Senator Edward Kennedy's intimidatory style had
not worked when he met Dr Viljoen and that the visitor had had to do more
listening than talking.

Lood promised to keep his eye on the situation and make a note of further
developments.

For the second time a protest against the government's reported intention to
appoint Dr Brand Fourie, South Africa's ambassador in Washington, as chairman
of the SABC in succession to Professor Wynand Mouton has been recorded in an
Afrikaans newspaper. :

In a flurry of equine metaphors, DIE BURGER columnist Vryburger said that
with Mr Riaan Eksteen, a former ambassador, as the SABC's director-general,
the appointment of Dr Fourie would be like "turpentine under the tail" of
of some people's suspicion that the SABC had become the "led horse" of the
Department of Foreign Affairs.

"are those in the country's seats of power really anxious to reinforce such

an impression? It there not, perhaps, more that such an able man as Dr
Fourie could do elsewhere--at Escom, for instance?"

83



RENAMO REPORTEDLY SURVIVES WITHOUT HELP FROM OUTSIDE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 3 Feb 85 p 13

[Artie¢le by Gary Dixon]

[Text]

RENAMO is a rebel
its wits. It receives
from outside Mozai

group that lives by
little, if any, help
mbique.

This was revealed by highly placed intelli-
cont

gence sources this week ami

inuing contro-

versy over whether anti-Frelimo operations

were receiving covert
Africa.

Baffled by the rebels’
ability to conduct a bush
war that has made it
virtually impossible for
President’ Samora Ma-
chel’s Maputo govern-
ment to exercise effec-
tive control outside
Mozambique’s towns,

icion per-
sisted that Renamo was
receiving aid out-

In many quarters
abroad — as well as in
poet
suspicion
Pretoria. an

Rumours of mysteri-
ous chute drops and
night-time convoys

bounded,

have al .

This week, however, au-
thoritative intelligence
sources are in close
touch with the precarious
‘military situation in Mozam-

ue revealed the secret of
Renamo's’ continued ability
toharass Frelimo: self-suffi-
ciency.

They told the Sunda:
‘Times that absolutely no evi-
dence could be found of aid to
Renamo — from South
Africa or anywhere else.

How, then, does Renamo
continue its armed struggle?

The answer, the sources
said, was four-pronged:

38

supplies from South

@By drawing weapons
from substantial arms
caches that had been estab-
ioe teeter

we before the signing o!
.the Nkomati ‘Accord “last
March. :

@ By regularly capturin;
arins and ammunition in core
tacts Sh by overmment
troops, or by  overrunning
strategic government mili-
tary installations where
arms supplies are known to
be kept. (One camp taken
yielded 65 tons of arms and
ammunition, enough to keep
Renamo operational for a
year.)

Hopes
@ By gaining intelli-

was ambushed and provided
Renamo with six tons of
arms and ammunition and a
valuable supply of food).

@ By cai lly reorganis-
ing their combat tactics so as
to gain the maximum possi-
ble impact with the least ex-
penditure of ammunition.

For example, Renamo has
apparently forbidden its

ifighters to expend their am-
munition indiscriminately in

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE


JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SABC PLANS EDUCATION SERVICE FOR BLACKS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Feb 85 p 7

[Article by J Manuel Correia]

[Text]

THE SABC hopes to launch a dyna-
mic daytime school service’ for
blacks on TV2 and TV3.

The aim of this is to bring sécon-
dary education to as many blacks
as possible.

‘he corporation is also investi-
gating the possibility of starting a
comprehensive high school radio

rvice.

No date for the new services has
been announced.

These giant steps in education
have been spelt out by Dr, Pieter
Erasmus, head of educational pro-

‘ammes of TV2, TV3 and black
language radio services.

le says in the latest issue of the
SABC Bulletin that the All Media
and Products Survey (Amps) shows
that more than a million ple
watch adult educational pro-
grammes on TV2 and TV3.

Even more people listen to the
equivalent programmes on radio.

Dr Erasmus says, however, that
educational broadcasting is not
meant to replace the teacher in the
classroom, but to supplement his
work.

‘The new services will probably
be base: .on the successful School

CSO: 3400/528

124

Radio Service, which has been on
the air since 1964 and which has an
audience of 4500 000 black school-
children. :

Significantly, while TV2 and TV3.
are forging ahead with education,
TV1. is still floundering around
wasting educational programmes.

These programmes invariably
land up in hopelessly inadequate
timeslots, usually late at night.

The latest examples are two ex-
cellent 13-part series — “Vergar-
derings! Die Stoel is Joune” and
“Produktiwiteit: 'n Sleutel tot Wel-
vaart”, They start this month. One
is slotted at 9.49pm and the other at
10.30pm.

The Government is apparently
not addressing itself to the problem
and although the plan is to screen

educational programmes early on ~~

weekdays, and perhaps even on
Saturday mornings, there is as yet
no sign that the Government is
ready to give TV1 permission to do
‘so.

Meanwhile, a lot of vital mate-
rial is being screened hopelessly
too late for its target audience — in
effect, a waste of time and money
and a great discouragement to
those involved in educational TV.


The EXPRESS and the SUNDAY STAR were deemed at risk because the Sunday
market is hopelessly overcrowded; and the DAILY MAIL because its losses
are no longer "acceptable."

Those prepared to talk about the future of the big metropolitan newspapers
did not paint a rosy picture.

"Television and radio has had an adverse effect on newspaper industry and
the new greater regionalisation of radio services and introduction of new
television services is not going to help the situation," said Mr Harald
Pakendorf, editor of the Afrikaans daily DIE VADERLAND.

"Many small newspapers will be hard hit by the loss of advertising revenue
which will be soaked up by the regional radio services in particular."

He predicted a gloomy future unless something was done to help the news-
paper industry.

"I see the Argus Company has already announced staff cutbacks. We are all
in the same boat and unless something is done to help the publishing indus-
try gain back some of the revenue lost to the electronic media, I can't see
the situation improving," said Mr Ton Vosloo, managing director of Nationale
Pers and a former editor.

But what, exactly, does the newspaper industry want?

Mr Vosloo: "The basic point of departure between South Africa and the rest
of the Western world as far as newspapers are concerned is that, up till now,
no South African publishing company has been allowed to become involved in
the electronic media in South Africa.

"In countries overseas, publishing companies have been allowed to invest in
the electronic media and that helped to rescue their newspapers.

"As far as advertising was concerned, what they lost on the roundabout they
gained on the swings," he added.

The managing director of South African Associated Newspapers, Mr Clive
Kinsley, had this to say:

“Obviously television has had a great effect on the newspaper industry in
general and obviously it would have helped if free enterprise had been
allowed to participate in the electronic media.

"We have no argument with the fact that there is television, only that we
have not been allowed to participate."

The vast majority of media men approached by THE STAR this week agreed that
television had played a major role in the current crisis.

108


MACHAKANENG FARM OWNERS TO BE FORCED TO BOPHUTHATSWANA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Jan 85 p 17

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

cso:

3400/530

At puzzles and angers the people of Machakaneng that
they will have to leave their ancestral farm to be-
come part of Bophuthatswana.

They ask: Could not
Bophuthatswana come to
us instead?

Their property borders
the Bapong region of the
homeland.

But final plans for the
homeland, published last
year, state that Macha-
kaneng (or Boschfontein,
as it is officially called)
will remain part of South
Africa although it is part-
ly black-owned.

The black owners, who
number 20 of the 26 title-
holders, will be pushed
off their farm on the
Hartbeespoort | Dam—
Rustenburg road, bought
in 1904 by their common
ancestor Jacobus Modisa-
keng.

The Department of Co-
operation and Develop-
ment is preparing to ex-
propriate the farm.

117

commi

This was confirmed in
a recent letter to the
landowners’ lawyer from
the commissioner at
Brits.

“Your clients will be
notified when the expro-
priation will take place
and will then receive
their respective shares in

“money if so decided by

my department,” the
ioner advised.

Land at Kafferskraal
in the Rustenburg area
has been earmarked for
their resettlement but no
development has
undertaken there yet.

In a desperate bid to
hold on to their property
Machakaneng’s headman
Mr Joseph Modisakeng
has written to Bophutha-
tswana President Chief
Lucas Mangope

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



MILLIONS SPENT ON HOUSING FOR COLORED, INDIAN MPS

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 26 Jan 85 p 2

{Text ]

cso:

CAPE TOWN — Approx-
imately R26-million was
spent on housing for col-
oured and Indian ‘MPs
on alterations to Marks
Building — which is to
house the new House of
Delegates — and on the
Stalplein complex, the
Minister of Communica-
tions and Public Works,
Dr LAPA Munnik has re-
vealed. .

During a guided tour
of the plush new Indian
house and the resi-
dences of ministers and
MPs, Dr Munnik said the
completion of the houses
had been the result of a

“remarkable” display of

a team-effort.

The new chamber is an
elegant transformation
of what was previously
the courtyard of the old
Deed’s Office. It is taste-
fully decorated in a com-
bination of modern and
old decor and fully
equipped with modern
electronic gadgetry, in-
cluding an electronic
voting-system and con-
ference translation faci-
lities.

Mr Amichand Rajban-
si, leader of the Indian
house, has pointed out
proudly that he is
occupying the office pre-
viously used by prime
ministers from General
Hertzog to Mr B. J.
Vorster.

- Also in the same build-

3400/618

‘ing are the new own

affairs ministeriai
offices and offices of
MPs which was com-
pleted at a cost of R7
million. .

Their residences in
Pelican Park, near
Zeekoeivlei, are a 25-
minute drive from the
city, where some of the

roposed 100 houses for

Ps and their staff re-
quired much landscap-
ing to transform the san-
dy surroundings to
match the architect’s de-
sign.

Ministerial houses
were modestly deco-
rated and had a spacious
lounge, a TV-room with
TV and video-recorder,
a dining room, a kitchen
‘fully equipped with cut-
lery, a washing-machine,
dryer, stove, refrigerator
and electric kettle, a
breakfast room, a study
and three bedrooms,
three bathrooms, a sepa-
rate toilet, double gar-
ages and servant’s quar-
ters.

These fully furnished
homes cost R240 000
each, Dr Munnik said.

There were also three
other three-bedroomed
luxury homes for the
Speaker of the House
and other senior mem-
bers costing R160: 000
each.

Ordinary MPs had

122

smaller homes com-
pared to those of minis-
ters costing an average
of R41 000 each with R6_
000 in furniture pro-
vided. They consisted of
a lounge, three bed-
rooms, a kitchen, one
bathroom, a separate
toilet and a parking
shed. , 7

Total cost of housing
in Pelican Park was R6-
million, the Minister
Pointed out.

There were also 65
houses for Coloured MPs
from constituencies out-
side Cape Town in
Belhar, 20 km from the ;
city, costing R2,9 mil-
lion. They are similar to
those for their counter-
parts in Pelican Park.

Coloured Ministers
were temporarily pro-
vided _three-bedroomed
luxury apartments in
Reigersdal, which were
previously occupied by
diplomats in a_white
group area near Ronde-
bosch, the minister said.

MPs paid a nominal
rental of R100 while staff
paid R75 to R90 per
month.

To be completed were
swimming pools and ten-
nis courts in both areas.

. The Stalplein complex
would cost R10 million
when completed Dr
Munnik ‘said. °


JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EKANGALA TOWNSHIP TO JOIN KWANDEBELE HOMELAND

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Feb 85 p 7

[Text]

THE whole of Ekangala township in the Eastern
‘Transvaal will be incorporated into the tiny Kwa-
‘Ndebele homeland, the SABC reported yesterday."

This announcement was made by the Minister of
Co-operation, Development and Education, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen on Monday. He added that the incor-
poration of Ekangala which was mooted last year
will take place soon.

Ekangala, which is near Bronkhortspruit, was
erected by the then East Rand Administration
Board (Erab) now known as the East Rand Devel-
opment Board (Eradebo) to house thousands of
families who had no accommodation in the East
Rand township.

Initially, the township was divided into two parts

cso: 3400/625

146

when erected: one part for Ndebele speaking fami- ~
lies and the other for non-Ndebeles. At the time, Mr
F E Marx, the chief director of Eradebo, said only
the part where Ndebele speaking families were stay-
ing would be incorporated in KwaNdebele. But Dr
Viljoen has confirmed that the whole of Ekangala
will be incorporated.

A spokesman for Dr Viljoen’s office yesterday
confirmed that the township will be incorporated in
the near future, but would not give further details.

Mr Nkosana Maseko, the secretary of the Ekan-
gala Civic Association (ECA) said he was shocked
by Dr Viljoen’s announcement because when they
were given houses in the'township they were assured
that their urban rights will not be affected.


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SETTLERS SWELL SADF RANKS
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 30 Jan 85 p 3

[Text] The January 1985 National Service intake was the first to include
immigrants who have become liable for compulsory military training.

It was also the largest-ever intake of troops, according to a senior spokes-
man of the SADF's Directorate National Service Provision, quoted in the
official journal of the South African Army, Uniform.

The spokesman was not permitted to give intake numbers.

He said most of the immigrants would begin their service in July.

In terms of an amendment to the Defence Act enacted on April 10 last year,
persons living in the country for five years or more and who are not older
than 25 were eligible for military service.

The spokesman said about 4 percent of the new intake were graduates.

Most would eventually fill positions where their qualifications could be
used by the Defence Force.

Rumours of a shorter term of national service, possibly prompted by
Nkomati Accord and Lusaka agreement initiatives, were dismissed as untrue.

cso: 3400/638

150



JPRS- SSA~ 85-022

18 March 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Paul Bernetel Reviews Year of Failures
(Paul Bernetel; AFRICA, Dec 84)..

“ANGOLA

Briefs
Soviet Monitoring
French Envoy
UNITA Members Surrender
Angolans Return
GDR Food Aid

BOTSWANA

FRG's Capital, Technical Assistance Discussed
(BOTSWANA DALLY NEWS, 4 Feb 85)..sseeeececeeceeceeccereceess

Government Warns Employers Against Negative Attitude Toward Unions
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 22 Jan ) Se ony

Government Statement Says Bophuthatswana Threatened To Invade
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 5 Feb 85)....eeeeeeccecesecscccceceees

FAP Loans Available for Land Irrigation
(Linda Pfotenhauver; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 28 Jan B5) cc eeeeee

Farmers Advised To Vaccinate Livestock
(Moagi Lefenya; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 4 Feb 85) ccseececccees

Morupule Power Station Ready in 1986
(Daphne Moalosi; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 10 Jan 85)....ceeeeeee

Soda Ash Mining To Start
(Molefe Mmamapllo; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 28 Jan 85)...ceeeeee

PRPS

10

11

12


"His action in appointing those pro-removal committees has created friction
in Mgwali," Mr Gija said.

He said a Ciskeian National Independence Party rally, attended by members
of the Mgwali Planning Committee, had recently been addressed by officials
of President Lennox Sebe of Ciskei.

"Four years after he told us we were to be removed, his officials apparently
told the meeting that President Sebe had helped avoid the removal," he said.

Mr Gija said despite this, the current moves to appoint pro-removal com-
mittees looked ominous.

He said about half of the squatters and tenants at Mgwali favoured resettle-
ment at Frankfort, where they stood to get their own land. Mr Dyosi was
one of those who stood to benefit.

Those in favour of resettlement should be allowed to go, he said.
The land owners, whose families had lived there for nearly two centuries,
and those tenants with long ties, were strongly opposed to removal and. should

be allowed to stay, Mr Gija said. Between 11,000 and 12,000 people live at
Mewali.

cso: 3400/638

140


[Boxed item on p 1]
Starving Seek Relief for the ‘Big Hunger'

If streets could talk, Holland Street in Port Elizabeth would have the
saddest tale to tell.

Nicknamed "the little lane with the big hunger", it houses the offices of the
Port Elizabeth Charity Organisation--the last place where hungry, desperate
people of all races go to when all else fails because they know they will not
be turned away empty-handed.

But times are hard and soon even these people may have to resort to begging
because the organisation's dwindling finances cannot feed too many hungry
mouths.

According to the administrative secretary, Mrs J. Kromhout, starving blacks
will be the hardest hit because of sheer weight of numbers.

Under the present feeding scheme, blacks qualifying for aid are given
rations every second Thursday. These include disabled or elderly people
without any income and the many unemployed domestic workers who have
recently been forced to join the ranks.

Children often accompany parents to the little lane. Many of the babies are
undernourished and lately, cases have become so. severe that even donations of
milk powder have not been able to save their lives.

Mrs Kromhout told WEEKEND POST some mothers would bring their ailing child
with them once or twice and on their next visit would announce that the baby
had died.

During the long wait for food to be handed out, hungry children listlessly
pace up and down. Sometimes they simply cry softly to themselves.

But fate has not been kind to the adults, either. Mrs Monica Sokutu (34),
of Soweto, has three children, the youngest only a few months old.

According to references from her former employer she was an excellent domes-
tic worker but her husband beat her up so badly when she was pregnant that
she almost died.

The beating left her deaf and in such bad health that she can no longer work.
Her rations are the only source of food for the family because her husband
has since disappeared.

"T have no money and this is the only food my family gets--when it's
finished the children drink water," she said.

The plight of Mrs Cynthia Golade, of Soweto, is even worse. Her husband is
in prison and she lost her job as a domestic worker a few months ago.

101



re |

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NIGERIA

FOOD, DRUG LAWS STILL IN DRAFT FORM AFTER 10 YEARS
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 9 Jan 85 p 1
{Article by Tajudeen Yusuff]

[Text] MORE than 30 drugs and food quality control regulations
drawn up 10 years ago by the Federal Ministry of Health can-
not be enforced.

This is because all the regulations validly made under the
Food and Drugs Decree 35 of 1974 are still in the draft stage.

The regulations are designed to aid the Federal Govern-
ment in its determination to ensure that the composition of
food and drugs sold:in the country, are free from harmful ad-
ditives and contaminants.

Making the disclosure in an address delivered in Lagos on ~
Monday to members of the Society of Public Analysts of.
Nigeria (SPAN), the Minister of Health, Dr. Emmanuel
Nsan said.that the situation was one of the major constraints
facing his ministry. :

He told participants at the two-day national. training
workshop and fourth annual conference of the society that ac-
tion would be taken without further delay to ensure that all
the draft regulations become law. .

Dr. Nsan also announced that 2 new Food and Drug Ad-
visory Council would soon be set up to assist the government
to supervise standards of the practices of the public analysts.

The minister called on members of the SPAN to critically
look into the nature, substance and quality of our basic local
raw materials with a view to using them as substitutes for the
imported ingredients now being used in the nation’s food and
drug manufacturing industry.

Earlier in his welcome address, Mr. A.K. Haruna, Chair-
man of the Society of Public Analysts of Nigeria said that
many quality control laboratories of manufacturing com-
panies in the country were ‘mere window dressing.’

CsO: 3400/495

61



JPRS-SSA-85-02.2
18 March 1985

NAMIBIA

CONTROVERSY OVER WHITE BUSINESSMEN'S RIGHT TO INVEST IN TOWNSHIPS
White Businessmen Told ‘Keep Out'
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 18 Jan 85 pp 1, 10

[Text] "White money power" was unwelcome and should be banned in Namibia's
underdeveloped townships because it represents the unbridled exploitation of
the country's underprivileged communities and not their upliftment.

And the Administrator General Dr Willie van Niekerk is to be requested by
Namibia's fledgling Central Chamber of Commerce, Centracoc, to invoke legis-—
lation handicapping the flow of white-owned investment capital into the town-
ships while giving small-scale black-owned capital first bite at new busi-
ness opportunities there,

Addressing journalists in Windhoek last night, Centracoc leaders explained
their stand. They were not against white investment in townships, but any
investment should be developmental and not exploitative.

Recent constitutional reforms, which had abolished apartheid's legal restric-
tions on property ownership, had resulted in a stream of white capital into
the townships in the wake of retreating municipal monopolies on housing,
transport and business--notably the liquor trade.

But the new dispensation "did not take into consideration the retardation
of the black people," said Mr A. Gowaseb, National Chairman of Centracoc.

"We call on the AG, the private sector and those involved with development
policy to encourage property ownership amongst the black people to ensure
the economic independence of our country."

Mr Gowaseb also called for the abolition of township advisory boards because
"they mean nothing to us. They are the remnants of Bantu Administration."

"We cannot see our own brothers used against us."
Centracoc was not out "to prevent big white capital from investing in our

townships, but we want to see the statutory bodies concerned give black
businessmen a fair chance."

47



Cde Bhebhe said the security situation in the province had not done much to
hinder progress in the preparation of the plan. This was because meetings
were held at administrative offices which were not affected.

There were, however, a few instances where a number of councillors had
failed to attend meetings and explanations given were that it was because
of the security situation in their areas.

"We want the document to be ready for the 1985/86 financial year. We hope

that if we present the document to the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning
and Development they will consider our requests."

CSO: 3400/629

168


My impression was that Port Elizabeth was first in line as a possible site,
largely because of the incentives the city could offer, but also because of
the large Chinese community here.

Mr Hsu said the Taiwanese would expect Port Elizabeth to provide local
consultants. .

"We are strangers," he said. "Give us a hand and we will provide you with
a prosperous venture."

Taipei Business Interest Welcomed
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 28 Jan 85 pl
[Article by John Clark]

[Text] The possible establishment of an industrial park in Port Elizabeth
by Taiwanese industrialists has been welcomed by members of the City Council
delegation who visited the Far East last year.

Mr Andre Crouse, the city's Development Officer, said the entire proposition
was a direct result of the visit last year.

"When we met in Taiwan, we sketched for them the possibilities of investing
in Port Elizabeth. I am in constant contact with, and busy with a market
research project for the Bee Industrial Corporation," said Mr Crouse.

"A delegation from the company will be visiting the city in March.

"This is a progressive company with wide experience in a variety of indus-
tries, including plastics (they have a branch in the United States) and
distributing motorcars.

"We welcome this type of industrial park development because it will pring
new technology to the city.

"It will bring Taiwanese entrepreneurs who don't know the meaning of the
word 'recession' and who will show Port Elizabeth how to attack the export
market from their small business base."

Mr Paul Botha, the Town Clerk, said the report was very positive.

“What impressed us most about Mr Stephen Hsu, managing director of Bee
Industrial, was his idea of not merely investing, but. setting up a company
which will function as a credit bank or industrial development corporation
to give administrative and financial guidance to Taiwanese investors in Port
Elizabeth.

"He will act as a catalyst to investors.

96



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

EFFORT TO INCREASE LIVESTOCK EXPORTS REPORTED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 31 Jan 85 pp 1, 3
{Article by Melese Telahoun]

[Text] The Livestock Development and Marketing Enterprise has, since July
1984, exported 137,000 sheep and goats and 1,900 yearlings and cattle.
According to agreements already concluded, it is expected that, up to the
end of 1985, over 350,000 sheep and goats will be exported. This is a good
indication that there are good prospects for outside markets.

Disclosing this in an interview, Comrade Alemayehu Makonnen, Manager of the
Enterprise, said that the Enterprise also has, in the past five months, sold
10,000 sheep and goats in local markets in Addis Ababa. He said that,
through selling sheep and. goats at reasonable prices, the Enterprise has
rendered considerable service to the public.

Speaking about the chief purpose of the Enterprise, Comrade Alemayehu stated
that it purchases livestock, keeps them in feeding lots and makes them avail-
able for exports and for local markets. "While this is our normal opera-
tion," continued the manager, "we have been entrusted with the additional
responsibility to prepare farm oxen for the use of compatriots in the
rehabilitation centres."

Comrade Alemayehu further stated that, in order to carry out its duties in
this direction, the Enterprise has established a development and purchasing
branch office in the eastern, southern and Central regions of the country at
Dire Dawa, Awassa and Nazareth respectively. Under each of these offices
there exist development and purchasing centres. In the central regions, for
instance, the Enterprise owns a swine farm with 5,000 heads. In Wonji-
Kuriftu there is a feedlot with 5,000 yearlings and cattle where each intake
is kept for three months. There are ranches in places such as Melkasedi
where sheep, goats, yearlings and cattle receive vaccination against various
diseases. The purchasing centres in the southern regions include Negele,
Yabelo, Moyale, and Teltelie and those in Hararghe are Degahabour, Jijiga
and Babile, it was learned.

The manager stressed that the establishment of ranches in various areas is
crucial for the smooth operation of the activities of the Enterprise. A

21



DROUGHT RELIEF PROGRAM SUSPENSION--Sefhare, January 25--Members of the village
development committee in the Mahalapye and Tswapong South constituencies have
expressed dissatisfaction about the suspension of work on drought relief
(Namolo Leuba) projects. The issue was raised in various villages in these
areas during a tour of the areas by Mahalapye-based assistant council secre-
tary, Mr Seleboge Moremi. He was accompanied by chief planning officer,

Mr Anderson Chibua. Villagers said they did not support the idea of suspend—
ing work on Namolo Leuba projects because it delays completion of development
projects in their village. They said such development projects include the
construction of roundavels to accommodate court clerks and local police offi-
cers, construction of dams and clearing of trees along rural roads. Failure
to attend meetings called by village development committees was another
factor which retarded development in many villages, they explained. People
also pointed out that the suspension of work on drought relief projects had
denied hundreds of people who were engaged in construction of these projects,
their regular income. They said that this would result in people migrating
into urban areas to look for work. BOPA [By Moagi Lefenya] [Text] [Gaborone
BOTSWANA DALLY NEWS in English 31 Jan 85 p 2]

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU CLOSED--Moshupa--Moshupa residents were Friday morning told
that The Employment Bureau for Africa (TEBA) which recruits workers for South
African mines has closed its branch office at Moshupa. The announcement was
made by the Member of Parliament for Moshupa, Mr Edison Masisi in a kgotla
meeting. Mr Masisi told the gathering that young men interested in working
at the South African mines would have to enter into contracts at the Kanye
office. Those from Manyana village would have to go to Kanye also. People
who used to be served at offices which have been closed will have to sign
their contracts at those still operational. Asked about the reason for this
move, he said it was aimed at cutting running costs of chain offices. He
said it had become expensive for TEBA to run so many offices. [By Daphne
Moalosi] [Excerpt] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 4 Feb 85 p 2]

HUNGARIANS HELD--Police have confirmed that two Hungarian nationals living
in South Africa/Namibia are being detained after landing an aircraft at Maun
in western Botswana November 25, The pilot and his passenger are being
detained for illegal entry and the possession of a firearm. [Text] [Paris
AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 22]

RAIL PROJECT--Preparations for rehabilitation of the 120km railway between
Gaborone and Ramatlabama on the southern border are well under way; Chinese
Ambassador Lu Befung said recently that the railway sub-line is now complete
and the base camp near Gaborone almost finished. China is providing $8
million to help finance the work and is supplying assorted equipment. [Text]
[Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 22]

cso: 3400/634

17



"I'm not hopeful about the months ahead. I hope the price of bread will not
be increased again."

According to the Rev George Irvine, senior minister at St John's Methodist
Church in Havelock Street, Christian leaders have looked into the serious
unemployment situation in Port Elizabeth's black townships and were arrang-
ing a meeting with the commercial and industrial sector.

The Methodist Church's feeding scheme for blacks, called "Loaves and Fishes",
had also experienced a surge in the numbers of hungry people, he said.

[Boxed item on p 1]
Dismissals Are Last Straw

The recent dismissal of hundreds of domestic workers in Port Elizabeth has
been the last straw for many black families already living below the poverty
line.

Many of these women were the sole breadwinners either because their husbands
had already been retrenched or because they were unmarried with children.

According to Mrs Pat Maqina, general secretary of Port Elizabeth's Domestic
Workers' Association of South Africa, (Dwasa) the increase in the number of
unemployed domestic workers had risen phenomenally since December last year.

Without any alternative form of income they were faced with eviction from
their homes and with starvation. Most did not qualify for any unemployment
or maintenance benefits, she said.

In most cases their employers could no longer afford their salaries even on
a parttime basis.

She said many of these women were at their wits end because their children
had not eaten for days and there were simply no jobs available.

"We can only sympathise with them but we cannot put food in the bellies of
their children because we don't have the money."

This type of situation encouraged fullscale exploitation because some
domestic workers were so desperate that they were willing to accept a
pittance for whatever employment was offered.

Some had even accepted full time jobs for wages as low as R30 a month, said
Mrs Maqina.

What was worse, she added, was the fact that the Government was dragging its
heels over the drafting of legislation for domestic workers and nothing posi-
tive would materialise this year, either.

"Unless somebody steps in to help, the health situation in the townships will
be adversely affected," said Mrs Maqina.

100


Societe Zairoise de Commercialisation des Minerais [Zairian Company for
the Commercialization of Minerals] (Sozacom), in whose hands the sales
previously were, was liquidated. Of the 1983 copper production (502,300
tons), 466,500. tons are due to Gecamines, the rest to Sodimiza. Gecamines
is also an important cobalt and zinc supplier. Cobalt production totalled
5,356 tons in 1983, as opposed to 6,031 tons in the previous year. Zinc
production stood at 62,800 tons in 1983, in comparison to 64,425 tons in
1982 and 57,633 tons in 1981.

Gecamines, whose workforce includes around 34,400 people, is expected to
decide on investments for renovating. and modernizing their plants totaling
125 million !dollars in the coming five-year plan (1985. to 1990), in order

to continue to have an annual capacity of around 470,000. tons of copper

in the future. In this period, it is also expected that an electrolytic
copper refinery will be put. into operation, whose annual capacity will amount
to 100,000 tons of copper. The investment needed for this project is given
as 60 million dollars.

Among the contracts that have recently been awarded by Gecamines is one to
the GHH [Gutenhoffnungshuette--name of a steel works] Sterkrade, Oberhausen,
which is part of the MAN Muschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg AG [Machine
Factory Augusburg-Nuremberg Co], Augsburg. In the middle of November 1983,
they delivered four large dump trucks, each capable of transporting just
under 40 tons of copper ore and equipped with powerful’ motors (600 horse-
power each). The loaded weight of one of these huge vehicles comes to 75
tons. The Linde Co, Wiesbaden delivered and installed a second compression
unit for Gecamines' oxygen works in Lubumbashi.

In fall 1983, the British Sim-Chem UK, a firm of the Simon Engineering Group,
entered into a contract worth about three million pounds sterling for setting
up a ready-to-go ‘sulphuric-acid plant with a daily capacity of 200 tons,
which is to be installed in place of an antiquated unit in the Shituru min~-
ing complex near Likasi. They plan to put it into operation in 1985.
Financing for this project. was made possible with funds from the EC.

In July 1982, the EC granted Zaire a special loan of 40 million currency
units (1 currency unit = roughly 2.24 German marks) from the European
Development Fund to support Gecamines. This loan is supposed to be spent
on maintaining production and financing new investments. Along with the
aforementioned sulphuric-acid plant in Shituru, construction of a system
for utilizing smoke ‘emissions at the Lubumbashi works and procurement of

a new ore-crusher for the underground copper mine in Kambove near Likasi
are planned. Furthermore, urgently needed replacement parts are to be
bought and the plant railroad network is to be rehabilitated. In summer
1984, Gecamines arranged an international preliminary call for bids for the
planning, delivery, installation and implementation of a new telecommunications
network.

157



Zaire is a country very rich in natural resources, said Zheng,
adding: "We are very pleased to find that the people of Zaire,
under President Mobutu's leadership, have developed these rich
natural resources, thereby quickening their economic and social
development and at the same time very considerably enhancing the
material and cultural living standards of the people."

The Chinese deputy minister had warm praise for Zaire's success
in developing both its economy and its national culture.

Following the signing ceremonies, the experts for both countries
chaired the first meeting of the Zairo-Chinese Joint Commission,
which will conclude the agenda of its first meeting on next’
“Monday.

6182

CSO: 3419/262

160


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

LAND REFORM PROJECT IN MIDLANDS TO COST $850,000
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 1 Feb 85 p5

[Text] The land reform project proposed for the Wedza (Ture) Ward in the
Zvishavane District will cost more than $850,000, according to the recently
released Midlands provincial development plan.

The project which is aimed at improving both agricultural production and
grazing has been given top priority in both the Zvishavane district develop-
ment plan and the Midlands provincial development plan.

It will involve demarcating grazing and arable land, centralisation of
settlements and provision of basic facilities.

Twenty km of fencing will be required for the grazing area. Five dams, each
with a capacity of over 10,000 cubic metres, will be built while nine bore-
holes, five of which will have water engines, will be sunk.

About 55 km of road requiring two causeways, nine culverts and five inverts
will be opened.

Other projects will be nine pre-schools, a clinic, a community centre and a
co-operative depot.

Agritex, the District Development Fund, the Ministries of Health, Education,
and Community Development and Women's Affairs and the district council will
all be involved in the project. It is, however, recommended that there
should be around 70 percent local involvement in the project.

If successful, the project, which is being launched as a pilot scheme, will
be adopted throughout the district.

Other projects proposed for the district include the Mototi irrigation
scheme, the Mabasa Dam, the Mapanzure piped water scheme, the Danga Dam and
the Murowa rural service centre.

The plan also envisages 60 boreholes to be drilled throughout the district
at a cost of about $100,000.

CSO: 3400/629

164


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

LESOTHO

_ BRIEFS

UK WINS FINAL AIRPORT CONTRACT--The UK's International Aeradio has won a
contract to supply navigational and other equipment tothe new Maseru inter-
national airport. The contract is the last.to be awarded and the $40
million-47 million project should be completed on schedule by June 1985.

The contract—financed by a ECU 3 million ($2.2 million); EEC loan--involves
installation and flight testing of a Doppler. VOR, “two non-directional beacons,
one marker beacon and radio communications and meteorological equipment.

The UK's Kier International is still working on civil engineering and build-
ing contracts worth ‘about $35 million. {Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in
English No 53, Jan 85 p 22] ear

cso: 3400/613

29°



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

“UZOREWA'S EFFORTS TO INCREASE UANC'S REPRESENTATION

~ohannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Feb 85 ps8

Article by Brendan Seery]

text]

In 1980, the diminutive man in flam-
boyant robes swooped from the
skies in a helicopter to proclaim to
crowds his election message that he
was “the winner”.

Five years later, Bishop Abel Mu-
zorewa (60) has emerged from-the
political backwaters to which he re-
treated following his massive defeat’
in the polls that brought Zimbabwe
its first independence government.
And he is back on the campaign
trail.

The lack of cash to oil the cam-
paign machine has toned down the
cocky, self-assured manner of 1980.
A sojourn in one of Prime Minister
Robert: Mugabe's prison cells, and:
constant vilification in the Govern-
ment supporting media, as an
enemy of the State and puppet of
imperialism, have left their mark
on the United Methodist Church
clergyman.

The 1985 political rhetoric of the
former Zimbabwe-Rhodesia Prime
Minister is laced with grim forebod-
ing.
virnis is your last chance, Zim-
babwe. This is your last chance” is
the slogan he and his United African
National Council (UANC) party are
using to head their campaign.

The central issues in the coming
polls will be, the bishop is con-
vinced: the economy, the one-party
state plan and human rights.

In a recent interview with the
local Catholic Moto magazine, Bish-
op Muzorewa said Zimbabwe's main
fight now is against poverty. He de-
clared: “In fact, I’m quite convinced
we are not going to make it. We will

170

end poorer than we have ever been
before.”

By accepting the “so-called scien-
tifie socialism” of the Zanu (PF)
Government, the people of Zim-
babwe would “drain themselves and
erode themselves to poverty”. The
Policy of socialism was failing
everywhere else in the world,
including Russia.

The solution proposed in the
UANC’s election manifesto is a
“mixed economy” which is neither
capitalism nor scientific socialism.
The policy of a country like Sweden
is one which Zimbabwe: should
Strive to emulate, said the bishop.

The manifesto also pledges to en-
Courage exports to stimulate in-
flows of foreign currency and cre-
ate favourable conditions for invest-
ment through emphasis on private
enterprise. This will in turn create
more jobs and income, the party
believes.

Thé one-party state, the bishop
‘commented, is a factor which con-
tributes to the high rate: of coups’
and counter-coups in Africa. “I’m
convinced a one-party state does
not allow true democracy and free-
dom.”

The letter and spirit of the consti-
tutional Declaration of Rights will
be observed and implemented, the
UANC manifesto vows. It also says
the party will create an atmosphere
for the churches of all denomina-
tions to operate more freely — a
matter close to the heart of devout
churchgoers who have often seen
services disrupted as people are
herded towards ruling party politi-

ZIMBABWE


The total national budget for advertising increased by some R255 million dur-
ing this period, R158 million of which was spent in newspaper advertising.

Of the total R606 million cake in 1982, newspapers took a R380 million slice,
leaving R124 million for television and R69 million for radio.

The general feeling on the question of television competition, is that tele-
vision has certainly hurt the newspaper industry and newspapers should have
been, and must in the future be, allowed to invest in the electronic media.

But it is not all the fault of television. The newspaper industry itself
must take responsibility for the other two major causes of the current
crisis:

--An overcrowded market.

--The failure to predict the extent of the economic downturn.

The industry's spokesmen had this to say on the issue:

"There are too many newspapers in the PWV area," said Mr Pakendorf, "and
history has proved in similar circumstances overseas that it is just not

possible for all to survive.

"Some will fold and that will be a tragedy for the industry and a great
blow to freedom of speech."

He added: "I do not believe there is enough room in the morning market for
both THE CITIZEN and the RAND DAILY MAIL. One of them may have to close.

"I also believe there is not enough room for three major English newspapers
on a Sunday, and either the SUNDAY EXPRESS or the SUNDAY STAR or both may be
forced to close," Mr Pakendorf added.

Mr Vosloo agreed.
"There may already be too many newspapers in the PWV area. It is overtraded.

"I believe we are going to see far more of the type of operation we saw when
DIE OGGENDBLAD disappeared and DIE TRANSVALER moved to Pretoria. I foresee
more of this type of a shake-up in the industry."

"The PWV area is overtraded as far as newspapers are concerned," agreed
Mr Thami Mazwai, general secretary of the Media Workers Association of
South Africa.

"We have the knock and drops, the big dailies like THE STAR, RAND DAILY MAIL
and SOWETAN. There are just not enough people to support all the newspapers
we have," he added.

110


WARNING ON NEW TOWNSHIP POLICE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Jan 85 p 3

[Text]

The new township police
forces, shortly to be set up
under the authority of mu-
nicipalities, could become
personal armies which would
aggravate the conflict be-
tween residents and councils,
warns Wits University politi-
cal scientist Dr Phillip Fran-

. kel.

He told a weekend conference
called by the Alexandra Res-
idents’ Association that
South African Police control
of the new forces might pre-
vent them becoming the
strong-arm boys of any par-
ticular local politicians.

But it would not alter the fun-
damental role of the police
in the townships and in South
Africa at large.

“The police in South Africa are
basically concerned with
order, with upholding the in-
terests of those who hold
power,” said Dr Frankel.

The question of administering
the law ran a poor second,
because that law was not
based on rules and principles
accepted by the majority of
the people.

“In the end,” he said, “when
we look at the police, wheth-
er the South African Police
or local authority forces, we
are talking about the way
the State maintains control.”

CONTROL
Dr Frankel said there had

131

been a fundamental change
in the strategy of control in
recent years, a move away
from blatant kragdadigheid
and indiscriminate violence,
to more subtle contro} in-
volving less obvious vio-
lence.

Part of this strategy was to
move away from crude eth-
nic divide-and-rule policies,
supplementing them with a
new class divide.

“The trick about controlling
people is to get them to con-
trol themselves,” said Dr
Frankel.

“The Government is trying to
create a compliant black
middle class who will act, in
the last instance, in the inter-
ests of those who hold power:
the white minority.”

Job upgrading, relaxation of
petty apartheid and creation
of black municipalities were
part and parcel of this plan.

But black municipalities had
run into trouble early in the
scheme of things because
they lacked legitimacy, be-
cause residents saw them as
extensions of the apartheid
state and because they could
not deliver the goods, for in-
stance, in the field of hous-
ing.

A DIFFICULTY

“Recent disturbances have
made it clear that the coun-
cils can survive only if the:

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

PRAISE FOR NEW ARMY IMAGE
Bulawayo THE SUNDAY NEWS in English 3 Feb 85 pl

[Text] The Zimbabwe National Army public relations directorate was yester-
day praised by the Minister of State (Defence), Cde Ernest Kadungure, for
getting the army accepted by the people.

Speaking in Kariba at a ceremony to mark the fourth anniversary of the
establishment of the directorate, Cde Kadungure said not long ago the
sight of army vehicles sent people into hiding, "but a well run poster
campaign has changed all that."

However, not all the credit could go to the poster campaign he said, adding
that the troops themselves had proved that they were a "People's Army" by
assisting the people in various rural schemes, and this had improved the
image of the army tremendously.

According to the text of his speech released by the Zimbabwe Information
Service (ZIS) the Minister said, "the army, however, still needs a con-
tinuous public relations exercise to prove to the public that the Govern-
ment's and taxpayer's money was being well spent and not 'frittered' away
on useless or too exotic equipment."

He pointed out that the masses looked to the army as its main protection
against external and internal enemies but they must also feel that they are
getting good value for what is being extended.

"I believe he (the director of the directorate) envisages the appointment
of public relations representatives at brigade and district headquarters

level, and also seeks to encourage unit historians as well," said Cde
Kadungure.--Ziana.

cso: 3400/629 END

172


The report showed, among other things, the exceedingly run-down condition of
some key companies, such as the Development Bank of the Republic of Niger
(BDRN, biggest in the country, the Postal and Telecommunications Office (OPT),
or the Nigerien Coal Company (SONICHAR), whose operating deficit reached more
than 20 billion CFA francs from 1980 through 1983.

6182
CSO: 3419/245

53



JPRS-SSA~85~022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTRY'S NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY IN CRISIS, FACES UNCERTAIN FUTURE
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Feb 85 p 8
[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text] The‘South African newspaper industry. is an industry in crisis--facing
an uncertain future as the current recession plays havoc with advertising
revenue, and facing the prospect of massive staff retrenchments, cost trim-
ming and even the possibility that some world-famous newspapers may be forced
to close.

The reasons put forward by leading newspapermen and businessmen this week
for the current turmoil in the industry, leading to an Argus Company
announcement that 10 percent of its newspaper employees would have to be
laid off, crystalised on three major points:

--The loss of advertising revenue to the electronic media, radio and tele-
vision.

--The over-trading of the PWV area in particular. There are just too many
newspapers.

--The apparent failure of the industry to predict the economic conditions
which now prevail, or at least to predict the extent of the downturn.

Of course, there was not always agreement on the issues and many diverse
opinions emerged.

Judging from the comments made by the industry's experts, all newspapers are
suffering and few are making a profit. A recent study conducted on behalf of
DIE BEELD found that of the major Afrikaans newspapers, only two, DIE BURGER
and RAPPORT, were running at a profit.

But it is the English newspapers which appear to be in deepest trouble and
the general feeling is that any one or more of three are at greatest risk--
two of them world-famous papers.

They are the SUNDAY EXPRESS, the RAND DAILY MAIL and, say some of the opposi-
tion in the industry, the newcomer to the market, the SUNDAY STAR.

107



cso: 3400/525
:

The guards are also expectr J
to be given some training in the
law, specially concerning
powers of search and arrest,
theft'and related offences, wil-
ful .damage, arson, assault.
bribery and corruption, for-
gery, trespassing and liquor
licensing.

71



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

NEKEMPTE~BURE. ROAD CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENT SIGNED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Feb 85 pp 1, 5

[Text] ENA--An agreement for the construction of the 250-km Nekempte-Bure
road at a cost of 83.5 million birr was signed yesterday between the
Ethiopian Transport Construction Authority (ETCA) and the Blue Nile Con-
struction Enterprise.

The agreement was signed on behalf of the authority by the Authority's
General Manager, Comrade Keleta Tesfa-Michael, and on behalf of the enter-
prise by Comrade Asrat Mindesil, its Acting Manager.

The 83.5 million birr for the construction of the road. project will be
obtained from an interest-free loan from the World Bank and from a budget
allocation by the Government of Revolutionary Ethiopia. Sixty per cent of
the cost will be covered by the Ethiopian Government and the remaining 40
per cent by the World Bank.

The construction involves the building of a 190-metre bridge over the Blue
Nile and six minor bridges over other rivers.

Direct road link between Wollega and Gojjam as well as secondary links
between Kaffa, Illubabor, Wollega, Gojjam and Gondar would be possible as a
result of the project, which is included in the Ten-year Perspective Plan
and in the eighth highway programme of ETCA.

The Blue Nile Construction Authority competed with well-known international
construction firms to win the contract. °

Speaking at the ceremony which was held at the Assembly Hall of ETCA, Comrade
Keleta noted, the prospects in store for the Blue Nile Construction Enter-
prise both at international and regional level on the quality of its con-
tribution during the current project.

Comrade Asrat said on his part that the enterprise possesses highly experi~
enced professionals as well as the necessary materials so as to be able to”
accomplish the project ahead of schedule.

The project will be launched in two-and-half months time and is expected to
provide employment for 1,500 to 2,000 people. It will be completed in 42
months.

cso: 3400/637
; 23



(a) The Bar, that is, the system from which judges are elected.

(b) The fact that judges are elected by the State President, a party
politician.

Parliamentary sovereignty is embodied in Section 34(3) of Act 110 of 1983,
which states: (3) Save as provided in Subsection (2), no court of law
shall be competent to inquire into or pronounce upon the validity of an
Act of Parliament."

However, subsection (2) states that any division of the Supreme Court of
South Africa shall be competent to inquire into any law which is expressed
to be enacted but only “upon the question as to whether the provisions of
this Act were complied with...."

The very important question is, do the words "this Act" include the national
goals set out in the preamble? The answer must be Yes; but will South
African courts interpret it this way? The answer will be No!

The provisions of Section 18 are excluded from court inquiry. The court may
inquire into whether the State President has consulted with the Speaker and
the chairman of the respective Houses before he issued a certificate in terms
of Section 31 declaring a Bill to be own affairs; but the court cannot
inquire into or pronounce upon the validity of a decision of the State
President that matters mentioned in the decision are or are not own affairs
of a population group.

Lf the State President declared that from now on each Bill which came before
him would not be own affairs of any population group then this would effec-
tively exclude the coloured and Indian Parliaments from decision-making as in
general affairs the white Parliament has a majority vote. Could such a
decision be overruled by a court?

My second reason for stating that a judge can merely refuse to apply a law
because on the facts before him it would cause injustice or inequality to
the one party or the other, is a more recent reason.

The preamble to the Constitution Act No 32 of 1961 differs materially from
the preamble to the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act No 110 of
1983. In the new Act national goals are stated. Surely, any legislation
which objectively goes against the furtherance of the stated national goals
must not be enforced by the courts.

Where a law in South Africa provides for detention without trial, this
surely cannot be in furtherance of the stated national goal: "To respect
and to protect the human dignity, life, liberty and property of all in our

midst."
This is the opening for our courts to state that such a law is contrary to

a stated national goal and the court should then force the State to disclose
(albeit in camera) the reasons for holding the person without trial and if

89



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

SOVIET MONITORING--There have been reports of Soviet aircraft with sophisti-
cated equipment using Angolan airspace to monitor communications in southern
Africa. Cuban military leaders reportedly are aware of these monitoring
activities; about 1,000 Soviet military advisers are in Angola, apart from
the approximately 30,000 Cuban troops. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in
English No 53, Jan 85 p 17]

FRENCH ENVOY--Paris has named M. Jacques Gasseau as the new French Ambassa-
dor to Luanda. M. Gasseau has served as Ambassador in Kuala Lumpur, Lusaka
and Gaborone. He is 62. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53,
Jan 85 p 17]

UNITA MEMBERS SURRENDER--About 56 men who with the material support of South
Africa have launched destabilisation actions in the country, surrendered with
their weapons to authorities in Cunene Province, together with 308 civilians
who have faced many hardships in the bush. The rebels were armed with AKM,
G-3 FN and SKS weapons. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53,

Jan 85 p 17]

ANGOLANS RETURN-~About 20,000 Angolans have returned to their country in the
framework of the national reconstruction but the unification of the country
is still posing problems because of the presence of armed bandits operating
in the bush and along the Benguela railway. The action of these bandits
hinders the circulations of persons and goods in parts of the country and
between Angola and Zaire. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53,
Jan 85 p 18]

GDR FOOD AID--Angola will receive about 2,000 tons of foodstuffs from the
GDR as well as blankets and other articles. Accordingly, two import con-
tracts and an agreement of intention were signed at the Luanda international
trade fair in November by the two countries’ import enterprises. [Text]
[Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 18]

cso: 3400/613


CONCERN ABOUT NATION'S ROLE IN IMPLEMENTING N'KOMATI EXPRESSED

JPRS-SSA-85~-022
18 March 1985

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 20 Jan 85 p 8

[Article by Michael Spicer]

[Text]

VISITING South Africans find
the Polana Hotel quite conge-
nial nowadays.

Fading Southern Sun signs
adorning the poolside sauna lend
the scene a sort of comfortable -
familiarity, a blend of Umhlanga
Rocks and Mauritian resorts.

‘The coconut palms and eroups
of Eastern Europeans and North
Koreans sweating heavily in for-
mal attire, add an exotic touch.

But the air of normality is an
illusion. Beyond this island of im-
ported luxury is a sea of depriva-
tion and famine, brought on by a
vicious war, international reces-
sion and misguided domestic eco-
nomic policies, natural disasters
and South African pressure.

The city of Maputo is in the eye
of the storm. Mozambique’s move
away from doctrinaire Marxist
economic policies, the accompa-
nying iter ness to West-
,ern aid and trade, and the Nko-
mati accord (seen by the West as
an integral part of their improved
links with Mozambique) have all
combined to boost activity in the
once almost moribund port.
pout African, British and

ropean teams are improvin,

the coal, sugar and container ‘ere
mminals, United States and Europ-
ean aid money is flowing in and
Mozambique’s debts have been
rescheduled by the Paris Club:
‘The colourful Johnny Henn from
the Eastern Transvaal has
wrapped up a deal to improve the
tourist facilities on Inhaca Island,
and other entrepreneurs are con-
stantly seeking opportunities.

Guarantees

Mozambique’s accession to the
Internationa) Monetary Fund, to
the World Bank, the signing of an
agreement with the United States

72

which will provide guarantees to
US investors, a new investment
code, and prospective member-
ship of the Lomé Convention, all
underline the determination of
the Frelimo government to tack-
Je Mozambique’s severe econom-
ic problems. :
Ihilst this activity is impor-
tant in laying foundations for
future economic recovery, any
real economic progress is contin-
gent on the abatement of the
storm outside the city confines,
City residents are only too aware
of this and wonder openly about
the promised fruits of ‘Nkomati
_Hunger and fear combine to
give a tension to life in Maputo
which belies the superficial tran-
willity. At the root of it all lies
he threat of the rebel Mozam-
-bique National Resistance move-
ment or “bandits” as they are
referred to in official circles.
Reports of their increasingly
brutal attacks on civilians appear
even more frequently in the me-
dia. Direct accounts, such as that
fives to me by a tearful young
itch aid worker who had'come
across the mutilated bodies of vil-
jagers amongst whom he had
worked, personalise the horrors
of the conflict, bringing it home to
the expatriate community in Ma-

puto.
The gruesome death of two
Britons at the hands of the MNR,
just 2km over the South African

rder, has crystallised concerns
about South Africa’s role in the
implementation of the Nkomati
accord.

For much of 1984 a certain am-
bivalence towards the accord
could be detected in some quar-
ters in Pretoria. South Africa and
Mozambique sought different im-
mediate objectives. For Mozam-
bique, the aim was to facilitate

SOUTH AFRICA


CSO:

“er it was under a white Minis-

ter or not. Now there are al-
ready those demanding not
only one department but also
that the Minister should be
black.

One thing there should be no
misunderstanding about, we'll
not go to the negotiating table
carrying our passes.

The Government must show
its bona fides first. We've been
negotiating too long. .

Q: But wouldn’t some blacks
be prepared to go to the nego-
tiating forum anyway?

A: Of course. There are those
who have grown fat on the sys-
tem -- the elite created by the
Government and who owe
everything they have to Gov-
ernment patronage. They will
rush to Cape Town.

The Government may even
give them something which in
other circumstances _ would
have meant something. But the
people they give such conces-
sions to are themselves reject-
ed. Thus, what they come away
with is also rejected.

Why call a puppet to say:
“We're giving you freehold
rights and this and that”? Why

3400/618

78

can people with doctorates
from Oxford not learn? Why
make concessions to puppets?
Why give things to them which
other people have died and suf-
fered for?

Q: In what context then did
you use the words “cautiously
optimistic” when first ap-
proached on the President’s re*
marks? ‘

A: I am cautiously optimis-
tic, yes, but only because I see
the Government slowly and
painfully coming to grips with
reality. The mirage they saw of
one day reversing the stream
of blacks to the urban areas
has disappeared.

@ Do you think the Presi-
dent’s’ offer of negotiation
might eventually cause a divi-
sion in black politics, with
some — say the ANC — fa-
vouring talks and others, say
Azapo, continuing to reject it?

A: The debating chamber of-
fered to us is almost laughable.

We're all working for power,
equality, one man, one vote.
We'll stand united on these
things. There will be no real
split in black society as long as
that remains our common aim.


SWAZILAND

Briefs
Pamphlets Urge Defiance

ZAIRE
European Funding for Copper Mining, Energy, Infrastructure
(W An; FRANKFURT ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

B31 Dec 84). ccvccccecccccecccccrenesccasscenecrecsacccsseseee

Chinese Agreement for Joint Trade, Economic Commission
(ELIMA, 17 Dec 84) ..ececesececccscncncscreerececesesecereres

Agreement Reinforcing Chinese Cooperation Signed
(Editorial; ELIMA, 18 Dec 84).....esseeeeeerereecesesesreres

Briefs
North Korean Press Praise

ZIMBABWE

Land Reform Project in Midlands To Cost $850,000
(THE CHRONICLE, 1 Feb 3) ee

Good Conditions in Mozambican Refugee Camp
(THE SUNDAY. MAIL, 3 Feb [) Rea

Planned Development in Matabeleland South Areas
(THE SUNDAY NEWS, 3 Feb B5) avec ecccc rec eccc races vccecencees

Communal Farmers Adopting Modern Techniques
(THE SUNDAY NEWS, 3 Feb 5) ka

Muzorewa's Efforts To Increase UANC's Representation
(Brendan Seery,. THE STAR, 8 Feb 85)...-+eeeeeeeseeesccsccecs

Praise for New Army Image
(THE SUNDAY NEWS, 3 Feb [>

155

156

159

161

163

164

165

167

169

170

172



Decentralization Scheme Criticized

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p4

[Text]

cso:

HOUSE OF AS-
SEMBLY. — The Gov-
ernment had deliberately
inhibited the growth of
Port Elizabeth for ideol-
ogical reasons, Mr An-
drew Savage (PEP,
Walmer) said.

He was introducing a
motion condemning the
Government’s “neglect”
of the area and calling for
the immediate appoint-
ment of a select commit-
tee to review the decen-
walisation scheme.

Mr Savage said the
Goveinment was pre-
pared to “pour” re-
sources into the Border
and Ciskei area to bolster
apartheid.

“But it regards Port
Elizabeth as a sort of
Black stepping stone to
the Western Cape and I
have little doubt the Gov-
ernment wishes it was not
there.

Reverse
“The attempt to con-
trol Black influx to Port
Elizabeth failed, so it (the
Government) _ inhibited
industrial growth to arrest
and possibly reverse the

influx of Blacks.”
He said Government
incentives to a company
establishing in East Lon-

3400/663

don amounted to R5,67-
million over 10 years,
while a similar firm in
Port Elizabeth would re-
ceive only R1,54-million
in the same period.

Government figures
showed a decline of 10
percent in the Port Eliza-
beth-Uitenhage —_area’s
gross domestic product
from 1970 to 1975. These
statistics had subsequent-
ly worsened.

The area had a 65 per-
cent share of the car-
manufacturing market in

1965 but this figure
dropped to 34 percent las‘t
year,

Fallure

Mr = Savage’s motion
also condemns the Gov-
ernment’s “failure to re-
cognise the economic
Problems” resulting from
the decentralisation poli-
cy and criticises the Gov-
ernment for not preven-
ting the Ford company’s
move from Port Elizabeth
to Pretoria.

The motion further
calls on the Government
to review the incentive
package for the city and
to provide immediate re-
lief and alternative em-
Ployment for those put
out of work by the Am-
car-Ford merger.

Mr Savage said the
scale and risk of decentra-
lisation were immense
and the cost of the
scheme would be felt over
the years in inflation, dis-
Tuption of established
business and an inability
to compete on export
markets.

106

Mr Savage said he be-
lieved decentralisation
could be justified if it
were based on a flat in-
centive to industrialists
who established plants
outside the PWV area.

“It (decentralisation)
should go hand in hand
with a uniform steel price,
a uniform power tariff
and measures to phase
out indirect subsidies to
metropolitan areas,” Mr
Savage said.


1.0.N.= Two issues which we understand will come before’ the
conference are whether non-African members of the ANC can now
become members of the National Executiv ittee ni
whether _non-Africans can be members of not the 's ex jal

mission but also the movement inside South Africa. How do_you_ think
. these matters will come before the conference?

0.T.- These questions are going to be debated, and I don't want to take
the matter any further. I believe personally that the ANC cannot mark
time when we have grown to be the embryo of a future non-racial South
Africa. We must move forward and reflect in our structures the kind of
South Africa that we say we envisage. But we must test opinion.

1.0.N.- Will there be elections for the NEC and will new structures
poe SC necrtons For the NEC and will new structures

 gmerge from the conference?

0.T.~ Yes (there will be elections). New structures are very possible. At
the last conference (in 1969) we emerged with drastically new structures,
and we may well come up with new structures this time too, new persons
Filling new positions. We may even emerge with a brand new president.

CSO: 3400/614

76


She has unsuccessfully walked the city's suburbs in search of work and food
for her three children until she arrived at the organisation in dire need of
food.

Another black woman wearing tattered clothes told us that her husband had
been retrenched months ago. She lost her job when she gave birth to twins.

One child died of pneumonia recently and according to Mrs Kronhout the other
baby is badly undernourished and is not expected to live.

Rations handed out to the needy included milk, soap, paraffin, jam, bread,
dried beans, coffee, mealie meal, samp, sugar and a meat voucher. Some
people only qualify for one loaf of bread every two weeks.

Food rationing depends on the size of the family and "although it's not
enough, it is the best we can do," said Mrs Kromhout.

CSO: 3400/648

102


Although this perception of the law was inaccurate, it was one that could not
be ignored, he said.

Sentencing played a major role in the shaping of public perception of the law,
as it was the most visible feature of law, he pointed out.

“press reports which deal almost exclusively with criminal law cases and
sentences, frequently deal with sentences which, to the layman, appear to be
lacking in fairness.

"Although these reports are often based on inadequate knowledge and under-
standing, they do mould public opinion and shape perceptions of the law,"
he stressed.

"Tf we are to promote public confidence in the South African legal system
among all sections of the community, we must be sensitive to popular per-
ceptions of the law and aware of the extent to which sentencing influences
attitudes towards law."

Training and education in the science of sentencing should be directed towards
the achievement of fairness in sentencing with the clear understanding that
the reputation of the entire legal system largely depends on the success of
the venture, he said.

Another speaker, Mr W. F. Krugel, president of the Regional Court in Pretoria,
said the current approach towards sentencing in South African courts was far
more enlightened than it was a decade ago.

Judicial officers did not have an easy task in the light of the limited
sentencing options available, but there had been a growing awareness among
them of the need to continue devising sentences that would meet the challenge
and requirements of the day, Mr Krugel said.

“Community service has recently been brought into the limelight as a possi+
ple sentencing option, and interest in the service could well result in this
option achieving viability and stature in South Africa," he said.

He was convincdd that the search for alternative sentences would result in
development and guidelines in the form of legislation, authoritative deci-
sions and administrative arrangements which would determine methods for
utilising community service in a satisfactory manner.

‘goremost in the minds of most judicial officers and paramount of all. con-
siderations will always be the question: What sentence will best serve the

interest of the community and the administration of justice?" Mr Krugel said.
~--Sapa.

cso: 3400/647

87



S.D.: Could you tell us the results of all that research, and
the estimated size of the reserves?

§.K.: The various work-sites mentioned earlier gave us a clearer
idea of the nature and extent of the gold-bearing mineralization
in the Sirba Valley. That is why we naw assume that gold is to

be found mainly in the alluvial deposits of the Sirba; none of
our efforts to find primary gold in the quartz layers or elsewhere,
proved fruitful. :

The two sectors worth looking at (Al Mani Gountou and Bani Goun-
tou) contain reserves assessed at 60 kilos.

The size of the reserves is governed by the volume of gold~bear-
ing alluvia still in place; that volume is fairly small, thereby
limiting the gold potential of this region.

S.D.: What is going to happen now, then?

$.K.: The search for gold in the alluvia of the Sirba in the
neighborhood of Tourey can now be considered at an end. Asa
consequence, even if ONAREM is going to continue its operations

in the region, they will be shifted to other targets, particularly
to the aeromagnetic anomalies and the quartz veins in the region,
in the hope: of finding primary gold mineralization associated with
certain sulfides (pyrites, chalco-pyrites, etc...).

These "clandestine" operations" cannot in any way interfere with
ONAREM. The problem, though, does not lie there. The right to
operate a mine can be acquired only through a mining operation
permit or a mining concession, according to PL 61-8, enacted on
19 May 1961; there isacatch: neither Nigeriens nor foreigners
possess the technical and financial capacity to operate this
small deposit "according to the rukes of the art."

The problem is to find out if the state, bearing in mind the ton-
nage we now know is there, unable to undertake a conventional
operation of this deposit, can make an exception and allow its
operation under certain conditions to be defined in the interim:
in this case, it is important that we train these operators with
a view to controlling and organizing the exploitation.

In a number of African countries, this type of operation exists,
but training and supervisory help is usually provided by a govern-
ment mining agency, with authorization to buy the mineral products
directly and'thus assure their marketing.

On the other hand, an underground mine involves heavy risks and,

as a general rule, accidents are frequent. All of that militates
in favor of adequate supervision for this operation.

55



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NAMIBIA

. BRIEFS

REGISTRATION CAMPAIGN RESULTS--In the compulsory registration campaign of
all men between the ages of 17.‘and 54 in South West Africa, about 17,400
have registered themselves in the northern districts of Grootfontein,
Tsumeb, Outjo and Outjiwarongo; the largest group are the Damaras, who com-
prise about 25 percent of the total. Of the remainder, 18 percent are
Ovambos, 20 percent whites, 10 percent bushmen, 9 percent Hereros and the
rest are Rehobothers, Coloureds, Kavangos and Tswana. The officer command—
ing the South West Africa territory force, Maj-Gen George Meiring, has
emphasised that the compulsory registration, which is being extended to
other regions, does not mean that all men will necessarily be called up.
[Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 18]

cso: 3400/613

51



together with the gravity pipeline feeding water to ground water reservoirs
at the plant, he added.

These reservoirs, he said, have been provided with special floating covers
which effectively eliminate loss of water through evaporation process.

Mr Brown said the foundation of the power house has to be made to go deep
down because of the poor soils of the place.

The Morupule power station has been initiated several years ago after it had
become apparent that the present Botswana Power Corporation diesel generators
which are scattered all over the country were not very ideal economically to
supply electricity to the country.

Work on the power plant costing the Government of Botswana P250 million
started at the end of October 1982.

cso: 3400/634

13



But this decision, made at a crisis cabinet meeting called to discuss the
issue, was not unanimous, giving credence to allegations made in Maputo that
top officials in the Portuguese government were involved with the MNR.

Reports suggest right wing organisations in West Germany also may have
joined the growing band of supporters who could be using Oman and the Comoro
Islands as links in the air-supply network.

The Malawi connection is also puzzling as last year President Kamuzu Banda

signed a non-aggression pact similar to the Nkomati Accord with Mozambique's
President Samora Machel.

cso: 3400/631

42


Within what may seem at times to be a sea of decay and despondency there are
zones of organisation, islands of calm such as the Clube Naval yacht club,
the Polana Hotel, the Eduardo Mondlane University and, of course, Buzio's.

For the diplomats, foreign businessmen and locals who have somehow managed
to secure foreign currency, there is always the Interfranca store to supply
a few of the comforts of life, while senior Frelimo officials can shop in
meticais at their own privileged store. But the great mass of workers must
fend for themselves.

If the war can be stopped, the economic situation and hence the general
quality of life will improve rapidly and dramatically.

But Frelimo leaders must know better than most that a resistance movement
operating in the African bush is no easy thing to put an end to. Certainly
the war will not have ended by June and the tenth anniversary of inde-
pendence is likely to be a very sombre affair, since there is little to
celebrate right now.

cso: 3400/6321

46


“have not been impressed by South Africa's policy on talks. Nkomati. (the
security pact between Pretoria and Mozambique) was the result of talks,
but almost one year after the signing of the Nkomata accord the
Mozambicans are complaining that the South Africans have not been honest.
The ANC approaches the question of talks with the South African regime
with great caution, end our priority in these circumstances is that we .
escalate the struggle.

1.0.N.- If some Nationalist MPs sought discussions with the ANC as
individuals and not as representatives of the ruling party, wou.

the ANC be prepared to talk to them?

0.T.--I suppose there would be no harm in that. But there would be no
formal meeting with the ANC as such. But they could probably meet
“individual members of the ANC here (in Lusaka) and talk about the ANC.
And those individuals in those talks would not be binding the ANC in any
way. But no such arrangements are being made to-my knowledge.

1.0.N.- Influential voices within the white political and economic
ruling groups are calling for talks now with the ANC, before it is

too late. Why are we hearing these voices?

0.T.- I think these voices are coming precisely because of the
realisation that the regime is running out of options. There was great
exhilaration generally among supporters of the regime over the: Nkomati-
accord which was aimed specifically at the ANC, and for a time it looked
as if the ANC had sustained a fatal blow. The opposite has happened; the
struggle has intensified on a scale rarely seen in South Africa. So,. for
the regime ‘things are getting out of hand, and the ANC remains: intact.

1.0.N.= What_do you see as the burning issues before the ANC's,
consultative conference? :

0.T.= The key issue is going to be the question of how to: escalate the
struggle and move rapidly against the regime. Therefore. the conference is.
“going to address the questions of our strategy, if only to ensure there
ig nothing wrong with it. I think the broad strategy (of the ANC) will’.
stand basically as it is. I think it will be more how to implement: that’
strategy effectively. 7 rot . Bee Stag
Then we will look at the various forms of struggle. These. include: the:
ANC. underground. ‘If the general assessment is that.we have done very :
well, that will :only be because the underground has been functioning.
well. But we don't think so, we certainly don't think so, and’ then: the.
question: of armed struggle will be hotly debated, both in. the form: of its
intensity and character. Over the past 23 years now, armed struggle: has.
consisted largely of attacking economic and similar targets, of sabotage.
Now and again the’ struggle has manifested a shift towards what are called:
"goft targets". The general preference for sabotage in the past is‘ going.
to come under very serious review. And, of course, of importance in‘ this:
regard will. be the effectiveness with which we combine armed struggle ~
with political mass actions, because we think the two belong together.

75



ARA points out that only 6,500 residential stands and 324 flats are planned
in the development scheme, although there are probably more than 14,000
families in Alex.

The Council gets its support from Alex's small middle class and is therefore
pandering to its needs, ARA argues.

The council is driving out those who can't afford the housing in order to
create a middle class electorate that will support it.

The result will be a backlash and ARA believes it is the fear of this back~
lash that has prompted the Council to investigate the formation of its own
police force.

Mr Buti will not talk about the controversial and expensive police force,
although he appears to be basically in favour of it.

It is likely he will shelve the idea until the dust has settled and there
is less of an outcry about it.

While new houses are being built, the council has asked residents to live
temporarily in converted Putco buses or shacks, commonly known as "zines."

Some people have been in these "temporary" constructions for over 18 months
while their old houses were knocked down and new ones built.

ARA believe ‘the new houses will cost more than most of them can afford,
leaving them with the prospect of being stuck indefinitely in the temporary
houses.

As a result, the bus and "zinc" areas have become strongholds of ARA, as the
residents band together to fight the scheme.

And ARA is urging the next crowd of people who face removal to buses and
"Zincs" to refuse to be moved, unless they can be given permanent accommo~
dation immediately.

Mr Buti, however, is confident they will not resist.

“Phere are opportunists who would like to take advantage. They say people
are resisting when they are not.

“people are suspicious they will be left forever in temporary accommodation.
We give them a written undertaking they can have the first available accommo—
dation. When they have this, they are happy to move," he said.

But people in the temporary accommodation say they cannot afford the new”.
housing offered to them.

“They are right," Mr Buti said. "We are worried about people who cannot pay

for those houses, so we are working out ways and means to allow them to afford
it. But I can't give you details now," he said.

137



CSO;

the argument of family planners that
they were not gncouraging permis-
siveness but alleviating its tragic
eonsequences had definite merit.
However, such action further under-
mined the notion of responsibility in
sexual matters.

000
HOW should history be taught in
South Africa’s racially diverse
schools? .

In an article in the Calvinist jour-
nal Woord en Daad, Professor F A
van Jaarsveld of the University of
Pretoria said that since the Seven-
ties it had been contended that his-
tory books for schools were written
from a white viewpoint at the ex-
pense of the blacks. His own belief
‘was that in the new curricula the
emphasis was still placed too strong-
ly on the old conflict between Boer
and Brit.

Given the variety of groups in
schools, could a true “national” his-
tory be offered that would do justice
to, and satisfy, everybody? That
‘would be to expect the impossible.

But if every group in the country
were left to draw up its own curricu-

3400/664

130

Jum, historical chaos would result
and history could become a divisive
instead of a unifying factor.

There were thus good reasons for
demanding great responsibility on
the part of those drawing up the
curricula.

noo
THE refusal of thousands of blacks
to pay their rent could paralyse the
whole system of local authorities,
because the money was needed to
Bye essential services, said

The steps taken by Dr Gerrit Vil-
joen, Minister of Co-operation, De-
velopment and-Education, to handle
a potentially explosive situation
were to be welcomed. Yet the resi-
dents must realise that they would
have to pay their rent,

Merely to ensure that the rents
came in would amount to attending
to the sy mptoms of a deeper prob-
Jem without treating the real causes.

“It is therefore essential,” said
Beeld, “that the government investi-
gation of political rights for black
urban dwellers should yield visible
results that can penetrate through to
the system of local administration.”


She noted that in the past the economic power of the employer made it diffi-
cult for the employee to influence the rules made by the employer.

Miss Kanaira said the situation was changing due to the existence of trade
unions which through collective bargaining with employers have enhanced the
influence of workers.

She said the employers did not fully understand the role of trade unions.
She said to a large degree, the role of trade unions was viewed from an
angle of conflict. But she said their role was one of co-operation and
interdependence.

Miss Kanaira said major things have been accomplished in the relations

between the Botswana Diamond Valuing Company and the workers because of the
spirit of co-operation and interdependence.

CSO: 3400/634


cso:

get direct police support
from the State,” said Dr
Frankel,

And he added that two to three
years ago the South African
Police had begun to have dif-
ficulty recruiting blacks and
had in fact required more
men than it could get,

There were enormous political
problems in supplementing
the police force by calling in
the military, said Dr Fran-
kel, pointing to the outery
over the Vaal exercise by the
military.

“So the only other option is
to simply create a new type
of police force attached to
the community councils,” he
added.

“The problems of the town-
ships are not problems of po-
licing or of applying the
Jaw,” he said.

“They are problems stemming
from the fact that the law
is bad to begin with.”

3400/528

132


He said in any case Caltex would employ a black businessman to run a the service
station it would build on the erf.

The President of the Afrikaanse Sakekamer, Mr Christo van Niekerk, said to a
large extent he agreed that whites do have an advantage because they have -been
in business for a long time and have more experience.

He said he did not believe legislation was the answer to the problem. "We
have to work according to market trends." .

Mr Dieter Voigts, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industries, ‘said:
"I can understand that there is a certain amount of resentment that capital

from white sources is more freely available but we are all.claiming, and so ~
is Centracoc, to be supporters of the free enterprise system."

The Deputy Director of the Katutura Advisory Board, Mr Faan Oosthuizen, said
regarding the consideration of tenders the Board acted as a matter of policy
in the best interests of the inhabitants of Katutura.

He said that in the past the Board'had favoured black businessmen and had
been criticised for this by the then Minister's Council. -

To a certain extent the Board's policy is flexible, which could mean taking
a lower tender if there was a small difference in the amounts offered.

In the case of the erf sold to Caltex it would have been illogical to accept
a tender for R35,000 rather than one for R190,000.

At their press conference in Windhoek last week, Centracoc's accountant and
advisor, Mr Johan Uys, had said: "We feel development ends with that
R190,000 cheque."

The money would in any event be used for the benefit of the community,
countered Mr Oosthuizen.

He said the Board normally accepted that the highest tender was in the best
interests of the municipality. "I don't think the Advisory Board can do
much more in this respect," he said.

A spokesman for the Office of the Administrator-Genera] said Dr Willie Van —
Niekerk did not react to news reports.

Centracoc leaders had said last week they would await the AG's response to
their public call, before considering possible formal approaches.

CSO: 3400/632

50


Use of Word Indigene Causes Disharmony
(Andrew Orolua; NEW NIGERIAN, 18 Jan 85).....ccccccccececeee

SEYCHELLES

Marketing Board To Control Imports, Exports
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 1 Feb 85)........0008

State Farms, Co-ops To Expand at Expense of Private Farms
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 24 Jan 85) cece ccc cececccccsceeeeseceres

Financing, Improvements of Port Facilities Discussed
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 21 Jan [So

New Security Guard Force Established
(SEYCHELLES ‘NATION, 31 Jan 85)....cssccseccecccusccssceuceee

SOUTH AFRICA

Concern About Nation's Role in Implementing N'komati Expressed
(Michael Spicer; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 20 Jan 85)...

Tambo on ANC Conference Plans, Call for Pretoria-ANC Talks
(Oliver Tambo Interview; THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER,
26 Jan 85) ccc cccccccccccccnccscecccucscccscvcceccesceseecere

Chairman of Soweto's Committee of Ten Comments on Botha's Statements
(Nthato Motlana Interview; THE STAR, 2 Feb 85).....eseceeees

Effects of Restriction Laws on Two ANC Leaders
(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 9 Feb 85)...cscecccccccccccccevcees

Key Issues in. Ciskei Discussed
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 9 Feb 85)....ccecceccccscccecvce

Viljoen's Development in Politics Seen Worthy of Observation
(James McClurg; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 10 Feb 85).....csceeecccecee

No Conscious Racial Bias Among Judicial Officers Says Judge
(Thelma Tuch; RAND DAILY MAIL, 19 Jan 85)....ccccccccccccece

Stronger Courts Needed To Enforce Democracy
(THE STAR, 24 Jan 85).ecccecsececcecsccnceecnccecevereeeecs

Large Third World Sector in Nation's Economy Causes Concern
(Elizabeth Dostal; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 10 Feb 85).....eeeeeeeces

Port Elizabeth Possible Site of Taiwanese Industrial Park
(EVENING POST, 28 Jan 85)....ccccccececcccccecccecececeueces

Taipei Businessmen To Visit, by Trevor Bisseker
Taipei Business Interest Welcomed, by John Clark

-d-

63

64

66

68

70

72

74

77

79

81

83

86

88

91

94


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

COMMUNAL FARMERS ADOPTING MODERN TECHNIQUES

Bulawayo THE SUNDAY NEWS in English 3 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The vice-president of the National Farmers Association of Zimbabwe
Cde Albert Kumalo, has said his organisation is expecting a bumper crop for

the current season.

Cde Kumalo said: "We are expecting a bumper crop, not because of the
acreage but due to the fact that we have improved, to a large extent,
method of growing crops.

“What has happened is that whereas we used to get three bags of maize
one acre, we now can expect to get ten bags, which is more than a 100
cent increase."

Cde Kumalo said due to the communal farmers being motivated to employ
techniques of growing crops, such big yields had been made possible.

extra
our

from
per-

new

Extra use had also been made of the expertise of Agritex staff. Use had
also been made of a tillage team which had made it possible for farmers to

plough as early as last November.

Cde Kumalo said this tillage team started ploughing as early as last winter,
so that when the first rains started many communal farmers were able to sow

their seeds in time.

Said Cde Kumalo: "One of the drawbacks in farming is that when you do not
plough when the first rains fall you do not reap a good crop. But the
advantage this year has been that the general distribution of rains in the

whole country has been even."

Cde Kumalo said his association hoped that by the end of the rainy season
communal farmers would reap a record crop which would amount to over 50

percent of the projected produce of commercial farmers.

"If you remember all these past years you shall see that the amount of crops
grown by the communal farmer was negligible. So this is a step forward for

the communal farmer," Cde Kumalo said.

Grazing for cattle on the whole was quite satisfactory in almost all areas
except where there had been too many cattle.. This situation would continue
for many years because no method had been devised of increasing grazing land

in those areas.
cso: 3400/629 169



The French State Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique [Central Fund
for Economic Cooperation] (CCCE), Paris, promised Gecamines a credit of 100
million French francs in summer 1982. In March 1983, the International
Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank Group added a credit of

7 million dollars to finance consulting work for Gecamines. This concerns
above all the reorganization and improvement of the Management sector, as
well as the formulation of a long-term renovation and expansion program.
The consulting work is expected to be concluded by the end of 1985. So far,
consulting contracts have been awarded to the firms Roch Ltd (Canada),
Price Waterhouse (Canada) and Price Waterhouse (Africa).

The Belgian Tractionel Co, Brussels, in conjunction with the state Societe
Nationale d'Electricite [National Electricity Company] (SNELL), Kinshasa,
has been entrusted with preparing studies that deal with insuring Gecamines'
supply of electric power. This comes primarily from four hydroelectric
power plants in the province of Shaba (Koni, Nseke, Nzilo and Mwandingusha) .
All four power plants are supposed to be rehabilitated. In spring 1983,

a high-tension powerline (2 parallel direct-current lines of 350 kilovolts
each) roughly 1,700 kilometers long, leading from the Inga II dam on the
lower reaches of the Zaire River was put. into operation.

The Zairian copper mining industry is hampered by the great distances to

the coast, which lead to increased transport costs. An additional burden
was caused by the interruption of the Benguela Railway through Angola to

the nearest shipping port, Lobito (2,109 kilometers away). Nor can the rail-
way line to the port of Beira be used, because of a rebel movement in
Mozambique. Along with the inconvenient national route (2,655 kilometers)

to the harbor of Matadi at the mouth of the Zaire, the products of the Zairian
copper mining industry are in part shipped via Dar es Salaam in Tanzania
(2,414 kilometers) and, above all, via harbors in the Repbulic of South
Africa (Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth) that are about 3,500 kilometers
distant. With the aid of the World Bank, which agreed to a 26 million dollar
loan in spring 1984, a stretch (128 kilometers) of the national route
between Ilebo and Kananga is being renovated, in particular by the state
Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer du Zaire [National Railroad Company

of Zaire] (SNCZ), thus facilitating the transport of copper.

12507
CsO: 3420/28

158


cso:

3400/524

will be given to families that are:
capable of and interested in do-
ing some farming to supple-
ment their income.
familics will grow vegetables
and rear animals for their own
consumption and produce
fruits and staple foods to be
sold to the Seychelles Market-
ing Board to help reduce
imports. ~

These plots will be de-
veloped at a rate of 20a year at
a cost of around R150,000
each.

“While cach type of produc-
tiorunit has a role to play, it is
important that the different
types are integrated, together
with facilities for marketing,
processing and storage, into an
overall system to serve the na-
tional interest and the goals”
and objectives of develop-
ment,” the Plan says.

67



ranch must be supplied with facilities such as a water irrigation system,
continued supply of feed and supplementary feeding stuff. The establishment
of a ranch with an area of 4,000 hectares is already underway. Since the
Enterprise is facing shortage of cattle feed, measures are being taken by
way of finding an alternative to the expensive feed which is already in
short supply, he concluded.

CSO: 3400/637

22


Starting today, any trader
who wants to import goods
must first of all have an Im-
porter’s License. This is issued
by the Licensing Authority and
not the Marketing Board.

The Importer must then ob-
tain an Import Permit for each
specific item. He fills in an
“Application for — Import
Permit” form (AIP), in dupli-
cate and then deposits the
form, in person, at the recep-
tion of the Import Control
which is located on the first
floor of Victoria House. The
form, which can be bought,
from the Scychelles National
Printing Company, will be
stamped by the clerk, with a
copy immediately being given
‘back to the importer. The other
copy is retained for seven days.

After this period, the impor-
ter can collect his permit from
‘the Import Control and can
start importing.

However, the importer must
make sure that the goods enter
the country on or before the

cso: 3400/525

65

date he has stated on his Appli-
cation for Import Permit form,
otherwise be may lose his Im-
porter’s License.

Lifted restrictions

.

Allrestrictions which existed
on certain items such as cars,
videos, cassette recorders, tele-
vision sets, etc,have been lifted
as from today. Importers may
now ask for import:permits for
all these items.

For all goods ordered betore
today, February 1, but which
have:not yet»arrived, the im-
porter:must-régistérall the de-
tails relating to.each ouitstand-

~ing order at the Import Control

before February"}1. They must
also provide proof that the
goods ‘were ordered before
February'l. eae

More details about the Im-
port Division and Control are
expected to be released by the
Marketing Board .over the
weekend. ‘



GOVERNMENT MOVES TO EQUAL BUT SEPARATE EDUCATION

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/619

PARLIAMENT. — The
Government intended mov-

“ing towards equal educa-

tion for all races and is in
‘the process of establishing

a statuory national certifi-
cation board to ensure the
maintenance of equal edu-
ation standards, the Minis-
ter of National Education,
Mr F W de Klerk, said yes-

terday.
Mr De Klerk was reply-
ing in the House of Dele-
tes toa motion by Mr AE.
‘bee (Sol E Tvl) calling on

“the government to imple-

ment equal education and
yportunity for all and the
pldcing of all education de-
artments under one Minis-

Mr De Klerk said he in-
tended ars the ne-
essary jation to. es-
tablish the board which
‘would ensure equal educa-

ition standards.
*” “Tn analysing the old edu-

cation dispensation, it be-
came clear to the govern-
ment that there were not

: adequate structures to en-

sure equal standards of
education.

But Mr De Klerk said it
‘was not possible to consider
placing all education under
one ministry because of the

141

plural nature of South Afri-
can Society.

“Separate education sys-
tems with separate control
is a basic point of departure
for the new dispensation,
and these principles are
contained in the new consti-
tution, according to which
‘we operate today.”

Earlier, introducing his
motion, ‘Mr Arbee said the
State spent R1 184 educat-
‘ing a white child, R997 on
an Indian child, R651 on a
coloured child and only
R280 on a black child.

These figures showed
ie ihe jeans of ual-

lucation ran deep.

‘Mr Arbee said the gov-
ernment should implement
recommendations for equal
education made by the De
Lange Commission which
investigated education.

He also called for the im-
mediate repeal of racial re-
strictions on students at
tertiary educational insti-
tutions.

Mr Pat Poovalingham
(Sol, Reservoir Hills) said if
money could be found to
finance the Defence Force
it could also be found to
establish equal education
for all races.

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NIGER

BRIEFS

FRENCH SEED-CORN FOR NIGER--As part of the contribution of the Government of
the French Republic and of the European Economic Community to the off-season
crop program, a cargo plane arrived in Niamey last Friday carrying 110 tons
of maize seed. The seed is a gift from the Government of the French Republic
to the Republic of Niger. The air transport was financed by the European
Community as emergency aid for Niger. [Text] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French

19 Nov 84 p 2] 6182

FRG EMERGENCY AID--As part of the emergency off-season crop program, the
minister-delegate to the prime minister in charge of planning has the pleasure
of announcing that the Federal Republic of Germany has made the sum of

15,150 million CFA francs available to the government. This financial ‘action
is designed to purchase and ship 73 tons of seed potatoes to the various zones
of activity. The minister-delegate takes this happy occasion to reaffirm to
the government of the Federal Republic of Germany the gratitude of the govern-
ment and peoples of Niger for this deeply appreciated act. [Text] [Niamey

LE SAHEL in French 19 Nov 84 p 2] 6182

CHINESE MEDICAL .AID--A ceremony to celebrate the delivery of medicines and
technical instruments, a gift from the people of China to the people of Niger,
was held Wednesday at the Niamey hospital. The gift is worth about

9.770 million francs. The Chinese economic representative to Niger says he is
certain on this occasion that this action will reinforce cooperation not. only
in the medical and health fields but also between our two countries and our
people. Finally, he expressed the wish that cooperation will continue and be
increasingly fruitful between China and Niger. The proceedings then moved to
the Ministry of Public Health and Social Affairs. On this occasion the deputy
secretary of the aforesaid ministry spoke to the assembled gathering. "The
practice is now established that a Chinese medical unit will come to Niger and
at the same time we are formally receiving a significant amount of drugs and
medical equipment," said Dourfaye at the beginning of his speech. "It was not
later than last March," he recalls, "that I received 17 cases of drugs here worth
8,856,500 francs,a gift of the Chinese Government and its people to the
Republic of Niger. Here we are all together again," continued Dourfaye, "to
receive 30 mre cases which shows so well the quality of our cooperation."
Finally, Dourfaye praised the excellence of our relations while expressing
the sincere wish that friendship between people will grow stronger so that
human solidarity will live and triumph. [Text] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French
21-23 Dec 84 p 4] 6182

CsO: 3419/245
: 58


He said with reasonable tariffs the investments should be profitable.

When in full operation the plant will employ about 500 people. Some of them
will be at the plant site at Sua, whilst others would be stationed in
Francistown at the main stores.

cso: 3400/634

15



its responsibility under the accord. by curbing the”
activities of the ANC in its territory. The government’.
has not been asked to comment on an eye-witness
account of an incident at Maputo airport in Decem- °
ber, when one of a number of crates of ‘agricultural
implements’ being loaded into a Soviet Antonov
transport ‘plane bound for Lesotho dropped onto
the tarmac, broke open, and disgorged a quantity
of ‘automatic weapons. ANC property in: transit,
seven months after Nkomati?

A-nose-dive to cold reality

South Africa’s newfound eagerness to reach some
kindof viable agreement with Mozambique ‘has
arisen from the sudden awareness that South Africa
now has more on its plate than it can handle. On
top of the omni-present threat of urban black unrest,
the traumatic drop in the value of the Rand against
the American dollar is charted on the front pages
of the local press with a masochistic absorption. The
conventional South African view that the pace of
voluntary change is a delicate compromise between
black ‘aspirations and the dug-in heels of white
conservatives within and to the right of the ruling
National Party is being overtaken by the observation
that. the tail is wagging the dog. The tail is defined
as the sheer cost of apartheid, including propping
up.of the ‘‘homelands’’, an economy over-dependent
on volatile gold (28% of the GDP) and on black
labour which is intensive but no longer so cheap,
and the military campaigns in Namibia and Angola.
The:prospect of vast expenditure in support of some
vague: ideological pre-occupation with Mozambique
is more than the economy, and some politicians, can
bear.

Meanwhile guerrillas are skirmishing on the out-
skirts of Maputo, cutting roads and railways, pre-
venting the distribution of drought and emergency
telief, ‘disrupting power: supplies and, in general,
sowing the feeling among the civilian population
that something will have to happen soon. Agricul-
tural. ‘‘green zones’’ on the perimeter of the urban
areas have done a little to ease food shortages, and
‘the parts of the countryside not utterly devastated
by the four-year drought scrape by with subsistence
farming. Metacais, the local currency, is plentiful but
virtually useless. Foreign currency, can buy almost
anything, at least in Maputo’s Interfranca foreign-
currency department store. The hard currency black
market offers 5,000% more than the official exch-
ange rate.

Blowing up pylons and bridges requires a small
measure of expertise; a couple of men shooting at
‘civilian traffic none at all. An isolated ambush
renders a road ‘‘closed’”’ until a succession . of
intrepid, and successful, travellers declare it ‘‘open”

32


SPECIAL FORCE--A Pretoria township is to establish its own police force; the
township force will not be used to enforce apartheid legislation against
residents but to protect them from criminals. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE
in English No 53, Jan 85 p 21] ,

WORK ON NEW TOWNSHIP--Architects are still working on designs for the 900
houses to be built in phase one of Port Elizabeth's Kwadwesi Township, near
Veeplaas. Building will start in July or August next year. Affordability
has been singled out as the main criterion for these houses, with their
walk-in price of R20,000 (not R50,000 as reported yesterday). Mr Rob White,
acting manager of Urban Village Housing Utility Company, said work on full
civil and electrical services would start on January 9 and should be’ com-
pleted in 31 weeks, [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 11 Dec
84 p 1]

DWP STILL INTACT--Cape Town--The three-man official opposition Democratic
Workers’ Party (DWP) in the House of Representatives is still intact,
according to one of its members. Speaking during the no confidence debate
in the coloured chamber yesterday, Mr Yusuf Rhoda (MP for Bokkeveld) said
he had noticed in Press reports since Sunday that he had changed parties.
"But I want to make it clear that we are all in one party, the DWP," he
said. The other DWP members are Mr Dennis de la Cruz (MP. for Ottery and
Leader of the Opposition) and Mr Anwer Essop (MP for Nuweveld). Speeches
made by Mr De la Cruz and Mr Rhoda so far this week have been largely met
by derision from the Labour Party, which has in no uncertain terms spelt out
its opposition to apartheid. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English
30 Jan 85 p 4]

STRIKE AVERTED AT OK BAZAARS--A strike by about 500 black workers at the
Van der Walt Street branch of OK Bazaars in Pretoria was averted yesterday
when management gave in to the workers' demands to dismiss three white
workers who had replaced some of their retrenched colleagues, But the giant
organisation's problems were far from over. About 200 workers at the com-
pany's Gezina and Andries Street branches in Pretoria went on strike
yesterday in protest against "unfair" retrenchment, and the increase of food
prices at the canteen. The SOWETAN also established that about 250 workers
at the company's branch in Randfontein had been boycotting food at their
canteen for the past 10 or 12 weeks because of the price increase of food at
the canteen. About 500 workers at the Van der Walt Street branch went on
strike for about seven hours on Friday demanding the immediate dismissal of
five white workers who had replaced 15 of their retrenched colleagues.

After the meeting with management yesterday, Mr Joseph Mokoena, ‘the Ccawusa's
local branch secretary announced that "the company has agreed to dismiss the
three white employees today." [Text] {Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

12 Feb 85 p 3]

LEASEHOLD RIGHTS--The 20,000 residents in Wattville, Benoni, were yesterday
granted the 99-year leasehold rights by the Government. The announcement

that the black township would remain a black residential area was made at a
Press conference in Pretoria yesterday after a meeting between the village

council and senior officials of the Department of Co-operation and

152



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

NIGER

PORTION OF PUBLIC SECTOR MAY BE ’PRIVATIZED'
Abidjan FRATERNITE-MATIN in French 29 Nov 84 p 28

[Text] AFP reports that the Nigerien Government has confirmed its intention to
continue with its reform of the public and quasi-public sectors of the economy,
undertaken in 1983 in collaboration with the World Bank, announcing its inten-
tion to move quickly to alter the status to a considerable number of enter-
prises, according to observers in Niamey.

The new minister for public corporations, state corporations, and mixed-
investment corporations, quartermaster General Mamadou Beidari, has sent letters
to the directors of nine corporations of the 54 currently in the public and
quasi-public sector informing them that the state would transfer the stock it
holds in those companies as of 1 December 1984.

In all, according to reliable sources, more than a score of companies may go
private, either partially or entirely, while one will be simply liquidated.

These measures, informed Nigerien sources emphasize, adopted last August, shortly
after the creation of a special ministry headed by Mamadou Beidari, say that the

government considers "straightening out" the public sector an absolute priority,

because of its impact on the national economy.

This sector accounts for a total of 10 percent of GNP, and employs 13,000 full-
time people, or 20 percent of all wage-paying jobs in the country, and is
represented in all branches of business, ranging from conventional public
utilities (water and electricity, the post office, and telecommunications) to
the most competitive sectors (paper-making, brickmaking, and hotels...).

With the economic crisis that has struck Niger, due primarily to the languishing
market for uranium, Niger's principal resource, "The state can no longer afford
to bear the financial burden of these companies, many of which are notoriously
ill-managed and over-staffed," explains the same source.

According to the April 1984 World Bank report, based on an audit of all 54 public
and quasi-public companies, the financial bottom line for the sector as a whole
from 1980 through 1983 shows a net accumulated deficit of 29 billion CFA francs,
coupled with a trend toward even greater losses.

52


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

S&T COMMISSION SIGNS ACCORD WITH SWEDEN
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 19 Jan 85 pp 1, 4

[Text] An agreement providing for a 2,500,000 birr aid to be used for
research was signed here yesterday between the Science and Technology Com-
mission and the Government of Sweden.

The agreement was signed on behalf of the Commission by Comrade Haile-Luel
Tebicke, Commissioner for Science and Technology, and by Ambassador Nils G.
Revelius of Sweden to Revolutionary Ethiopia, on behalf of his government.

The two-and-a-half million birr aid secured from Sweden will be utilized in
the implementation of 23 projects launched by various agencies and organi-
zations of several ministries under the auspices of the Commission. The
finance will cover the cost of research on agriculture, construction,
drought, energy, geology, health as'’well as the expense for the publishing
of ten professional publications and other studies.

Comrade Haile-Luel said on the occasion that Revolutionary Ethiopia must
enhance its science and technology research capability and that Sweden had
been offering a significant support in this area.

Ambassador Revelius said on his part that the development and research
agreements reached between Ethiopia and Sweden had greatly contributed to
the further strengthening of the long-standing relations and co-operation
between the two countries and added that such co-operation would continue
in the future. (ENA)

csO: 3400/637

18


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MGWALI RESIDENTS FEAR REMOVAL
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 5 Feb 85 p 5
[Article by Kin Bentley]

[Text] Residents at Mgwali, near Stutterheim, are sceptical about the
recent announcement by the Minister of Co-operation, Development and Educa~
tion, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, that forced population removals are to be suspended
and have called for concrete assurance that they will not be resettled at
Frankfort in Ciskei.

A spokesman for the Mgwali Residents Association (MRA), Mr Mike Gija, said
while the association was encouraged by the announcement, he feared the
qualification in the announcement that those communities whose leaders were
in favour of resettlement would move, meant they might still be resettled.

"The Government told us to co-operate with the Mgwali Planning Committee
(MPC), which they recognise and which is in favour of removal," he said.

"The MRA subsequently wrote to the Government telling them the MPC was not
representative of the majority of people and particularly of the land owners
at Mgwali."

Mr Gija said since 1978 the headman at Mgwali had been an appointee of the
Ciskeian tribal authority. He was Mr R. A. Dyosi and was in favour of
removal.

He said recently Mr Dyosi had appointed committees in each of the seven
villages at Mgwali, over and above the already elected residents' committees,
because these committees were loyal to the MRA and not in favour of removal.

He said the issue nearly resulted in public violence on Friday when irate
residents moved in on Mr Dyosi's house. The South African Police, he said,
had intervened and appealed to the community to sort out their problems
peacefully.

Mr Gija said a public meeting would be held this week to confront Mr Dyosi
with the community's rejection of his appointed committees.

139



South Africa, Mr Werth explained, would be rid of apartheid without any
threat to the white man's future. The economic, social and human rights

of the world's greatest democracy would "descend on Azania." The US, on the
other hand, would gain possession of the world's mineral treasure-chest and
would control the South Atlantic and Indian oceans.‘

There was a geographical problem, Mr Werth conceded. But was this really so
great when one looked at the modern forms of transport and communication?

In an earlier letter to DIE BURGER, a reader signing himself ‘Academic’
urged that the US be brought in as a mediator between South Africa's con-

flicting population groups. He too thought it possible that South Africa
might emerge as the 51st state of the US.

CSO: 3400/647

85



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

PLANNED DEVELOPMENT IN MATABELELAND SOUTH AREAS
Bulawayo THE SUNDAY NEWS in English 3 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The haphazard pattern of development will soon be a thing of the past
in Matabeleland South province.

A document which identified the existing infrastructure in the province was
completed last July. And now the Provincial Development Committee is busy
preparing a provincial plan which they hope to complete in time for consid-
eration in the 1985-86 fiscal year allocations.

Cde Phillip Bhebhe, the Provincial Administrator who heads the provincial
planning committee, said the introduction of district and. provincial plans
had been necessitated by the need for co-ordination in development between
the various Government departments involved in the process.

“Because of lack of co-ordination there were situations where a school could
be built where there was no water supply or even where there was no road
linking it with other places," said Cde Bhebhe.

In compliance with the Prime Minister's call that development be implemented
from the grassroots, the provincial planning committee was holding meetings
with ward, village and district development committees.

Some of the problems encountered in preparing the plans were that wards had
not formed development committees.

There was algo no vote for the preparation of the plans. Cde Bhebhe said
each of the six district and 13 rural councils in the province needed two
maps to work with in drafting their contribution to the plan.

The provincial committee had to depend on donations from various organisa-—
tions and the councils for finance. This included transport costs to meet-

ing venues.

Some newly-elected councillors were not yet experienced and were therefore
not sure of what was expected of them in contributing towards the plan.

167


CSO:

ineffectual long-distance ex-
changes of fire.

They get close in.to the
enemy before opening fire —
usvally with devastating ef-
fects on the poorly motivated
government forces, the
sources said.

“In this way Renamo can
carry on the war indefinitely
at ifs present pace without
supplies from outside,” they
added.

Despite recent setbacks in
South African attempts to
bring - about reconciliation
between Frelimo and Ren-
amo, intelligence quarters
this week still held out high
topes of a ceasefire before
the end of the year.

No-win

‘They said both President
Machel’s government and

Renamo confront a no-win :

situation with an economy so
ravaged by civil war, mis-
management and drought
that total collapse is immi-
nent.

It was also pointed out that
allegations of continued
South African support for
Renamo took no account of
the obvious folly of such
moves. :

Such backing would simply
have led to the toppling of the
fragile Machel regime,
which, in turn, would have
driven him and his followers
into the reverse role of guer-
rillas operating out of Zim-
babwe or Tanzania — and
Jeaving Pretoria to pump
millions of rands into prope
ping up a hopelessly inept

3400/622

39

‘Renamo government in Ma-
puto. .

| It was also pointed out that
unsuccessful appeals had
been made to the Mozam-
bique ‘authorities to supply
roof of allegations That
ith Africa was aiding Ren-
amo, or that it was allowing
elements supportive of Ren-
ame to use the Republic as a

Dismissed

Even exhaustive indepen-
dent investigations: of
allegations had also turned
up nothing.

Allegations that individual
members of the South Afri-
can Defence Force sympa-
thetic to Renamo might be
‘acting independently were
similarly dismissed.

Strong emphasis was
placed on the unequivocal
statements by both the State
President and the Chief of the
Defence Force that an’
member indulging in su
clandestine operations would
be guilty of treason.

As for supplies from else-
-where, the sources said they
were fully aware of Rena-
TMmo’s overseas contacts and
these were not nearly as im-
pressive as certain amo
elements tried to make out.

“Add to this the logistical
nightmare of getting bulky
armaments into the country
through alert and hostile
neighbouring countries with-
out detection and you have an
almost impossible situation,”
the sources said.



cso:

3400/618

al Law Amendment Act, to pub-
lish any speech, utterance, writ-
ing or statement by Mandela.

Because he was on Robben Is-
land serving a life sentence when
the prohibition expired, his ban-
ning order was not renewed. He
could by law be quoted. 1

His name does not appear on a
list of members of the Commu-
nist Party nor on any current In-
ternal Security list of people who
have been gagged.

It is interesting to note that
he was also never listed as a
member or active supporter of
an unlawful organisation.

But the complex problem of
quoting him does not end there.

Because he is a prisoner, per-
mission must still be obtained
from the Commissioner of Pris-
ons, in writing, to publish any
writing, statement, life story or
biographical sketch concerning
the offence which caused him to
be jailed.

CONFUSING

Another factor involves the Un-
lawful Organisations Act (incor-
porated into the Internal Security
Act). It is unlawful to promote a
banned organisation.

The content of the ANC lead-
er’s speech must be carefully
evaluated to ensure it does not
promote the banned ANC. «'

Commenting on the confusing
array of security laws, the head
of the University of the Wit-
watersrand Law Faculty, Profes-
sor Johan van der Vyfer, said: “It
is understandable and perhaps in-
evitable that in the present cli-
mate of security legislation,
newspapers would end up uncon-
sciously censoring themselvés.”

As of now, Mandela may be
conditionally quoted — if his
words filter out of his maximum
security prison. .

But it remains to be ‘seen
whether his name will appear on
the consolidated list of silenced
and restricted people being up-
dated at present in terms of the
Internal Security Act.

80


cso:

3400/622

cal rallies.

While the party has vowed to con-
test the elections “‘in full force” as a
“minority party” it faces many dif-
ficulties in campaigning.

Already, angry clashes between
Zanu (PF) supporters and the bish-
op’s followers in the Matabeleland
town of Gwanda haye forced the
cancellation of a UANC rally. The
bishop, should he decide to try to
tour the country and preach his po-
litical gospel, will no doubt encoun-
ter the same hostile, and even vio-
lent, “spontaneous” demonstrations
that forced Zapu leader Mr Joshua
Nkomo to curtail his campaigning.

While denying there have been
any firm proposals for a “united
front” of the UANC, Zapu and Mr
Tan Smith’s Conservative Alliance,
the bishop told Moto that the idea
merited serious consideration “if it
can bring us a new Zimbabwe”.

The bishop said his party had
picked up a lot of support and was
aiming at winning all 80 black roll
parliamentary seats. At present, the
UANC occupies only three seats in
the House of Assembly,'and observ-
ers in Harare give the bishop’s
party little hope of toppling the
Zanu (PF) juggernaut.

‘The interest lies in whether the
UANC. can increase its representa-
tion or whether it will be defeated
completely, signalling the end of
Bishop Muzorewa’s political career.

171



S.D.: Why did the public have to wait 19 years to learn that ~
there is gold in Niger, and that people have been mining it for
so many years?

§.K.: The Mines and Industries Ministry annually publishes a re~
port summing up the results of all work undertaken; furthermore
these reports are by no means confidential, since they are dis-
tributed to all ministerial departments and to all agencies in-
volved in mining problems.

In addition, I must point out that until such time as there is a
feasibility study indicating the possibility of exploiting a
mineral discovery, the Mines and Industries Ministry does not
think it prudent to issue press statements on the subject. We
have nothing to hide from the Nigerien media, which have every
right to know what we are doing.

In conclusion, for small~scale exploitations, the state may, ex~
ceptionally, authorize their operation, with the understanding
that these kinds of operations have always proved more profi-
table; with the main thing's being to make sure they have effec-
tive but light supervision.

This experiment had, for that matter, been tried successfully

since colonial days, and the individual gold-washers did better
than the privately owned companies.

6182 :
csO: 3419/245

57



KEY ISSUES IN CISKEI DISCUSSED

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Feb 85 p 9

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

On December 4 1981 the blue
-and white flag of the brand new
Republic of Ciskei was hoisted
for the first time and promptly
came crashing to the ground,
mast and all.

There could have been a no
more prophetic sign of things to
come.

The flag’s undignified exit
from the independence celebra-
tions was blamed on a drunken
soldier.

The plight of thousands of
people in the independent Ban-
tustan ever since has been in the
hands of President Lennox Sebe,
once described in the South Afri-
can Parliament as power drunk.

The Ciskei is seldom out of

the news,
‘ The latest items were the
withdrawal of South African de-
fence advisers and the attempt
by Kaizer Matanzima of the
Transkei to take advantage of
the situation and invade his
neighbours.

Unfortunately for Mr Matan-
zima, his troops would have had
to cross territory the South Afri-
can Government kept for itself

-when it created the two home-
lands.

And the South African Gov-
ernment made clear in no un-
certain terms that they would
not tolerate Transkei troops
running about on it, no matter
who they were on their way to
invade.

President Sebe, who will hold
office as long as he lives, has
become in the words of Mrs

81

Helen Suzman a vicious tyrant.
He has also become an em-

barrassment to Pretoria.

Mr Sebe’s-record speaks for
itself and, dating back to before
independence, includes:

@A categoric refusal to accept

independence until the Govern-

ment guaranteed that no Ciskei
subject would lose his South

African citizenship or until cer-

tain territory, including King

William’s Town and the port

city of East London were in-

cluded in the homeland.

He later accepted indepen-
dence without any of these con-
ditions being met.

@ While most of the Ciskei suf-

fers in poverty he has spent, and

will spend, millions of rands on
creating a new capital city at

Bisho and other elaborate

projects, including a R25 million

airport.

The Bisho project will include
luxury housing estates for his
ministers, luxury cars and over-
seas travel.

@ Hiring and firing of senior
ersonnel, including a former
inister in Ian Smith’s Rhode-

sian Cabinet, with great regu-
larity and reshuffling of his own
Cabinet a dozen times in the
first year after independence.
@ Placing of an outright ban on
independent trade unions and
detaining of opponents with
such alarming frequency and in
such numbers that even Pre-
toria is starting to blush.

@Threatening to detain

SOUTH AFRICA



The future of the industry will be helped by the entry of newspaper companies
into-electronic media.

The future looks bright for the small local newspapers and the "knock-and-
drops," but for the big nationals, further cost-cutting and rationalisations
are expected.

In the end, one or more of South Africa's famous newspapers may be sacri-

ficed on the altar of profit, and that, in the words of Harald Pakendorf,
"would be tragic for us all."

CSO: 3400/630

116


Seymour was once at the head of the railway line running from Fort Beaufort
up the Kat River valley. Now weeds grow over the rusting tracks at the little
railway station.

The history of the area goes back to the early 19th century, when the Kat
River settlement was established by Sir Andries Stockenstrom in 1829. The
land was granted to the forefathers of the present-day coloured farmers, in
recognition of their service to the British Government during the frontier
wars.

The settlement was intended to be a buffer zone between white settlers and
Xhosa, and act as buffer it did. It was often in danger, caught between
the two warring sides.

An early history of the area, written in 1857, said: "Our children now find
us poor and needy, after three wars, although many of the old Hottentot
immigrants were people of means and also hard-working and sober."

"The people call it blood ground," said Mr Daniel Bailey, principal of the
school at Hertzog.

Thin and wiry (he describes himself as a locust), Mr Bailey is the record-
keeper of the little community. On his shelves are the documents, letters
and Press clippings which make up the history of Hertzog and the Kat River
valley.

"gome of the inhabitants fought in both World Wars. We reckon it's unfair
of this Government, which made so many promises after the days of Jannie
Smuts, to take away our land. It's heartbreaking."

For the coloured farmers of Tamboekiesvlei, Hertzog, Philipton and the other
settlements, the uncertainty began in 1980 when they heard they would have
to leave.

“We were never officially told," said Mr Bailey.

"A white farmer showed us the notice which said he was going to be bought out
and told us we would also have to go."

The community was due to be handed over to Ciskei on January 1, 1983, but as
recently as June last year, the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr Piet
Badenhorst, said in Parliament that the fate of the community was still
undecided.

Through the Kat River Association, whose chairman is Mr Bailey, the resi-
dents have been trying to gain a ministerial interview.

Mr Chris Heunis, at the time Minister of Internal Affairs, agreed to meet a
delegation, but this meeting has still not taken place.

119



JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

MINING ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION--The first Ethiopian Geo-science and Mining
Engineering Association was formed Sunday to work for the promotion of ‘the
prospecting of the country's mineral resources within the context of the
Ten~Year Perspective Plan. The association was formed at the conclusion ::+: ::;
of the three-day geo-science and mining engineering congress in the after-
noon at the assembly.hall of the Post-Graduate School of the: Addis Ababa *
University (AAU). The congress, which was jointly organized by the AAU,
the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the Science and Technology Commission
and the National Water Resources Development Commission, was attended by
experts concerned and other professionals. Detailed discussion was held on
the rules and regulations of the association, which was later approved by
the congress. Other subjects discussed were geo-science development, the
role of science and technology in the development of mining resources, the
set-up of geo-science institutions, the history of gas prospecting in
Ethiopia, and water utilisation. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 29 Jan 85 p 1]

GAMO ‘GOFFA. DEVELOPMENT-~Arba Minch (ENA)--The inhabitants of two provinces
in Gamo Goffa region have built 46 kms of feeder road and prepared a vast
area of land for cultivation through harnessing our rivers. The successful
experiment in self-help was inspected recently by a high-level team and
comprising representatives of Party and Government officials headed by
Comrade Kasahun Tafesse, member of the CC of WPE and First Secretary of the
WPE Committee for the region. [Excerpt] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD
in English 30 Jan 85 p 1] ,

ARMY DEVELOPMENT ROLE--Negele (ENA)--Members of the Southern;Sector Command
deployed in Dolo province of Bale region are carrying out commendable
development activities as part of their effort to bolster the military vic—
tory by economic progress. A group of journalists who visited the area
recently said that the members of the Revolutionary Army are supplying the
people of the area with bananas, papaya, tomatoes, carrots and beetroots
which they growing over 40 hactre through irrigation. In addition the
members are doing praiseworthy jobs by helping kebele peasants' associations,
educating and bringing up children dislodged during the Somali war of
aggression and by building offices for mass organisations. The members of
the Southern Sector Command are also helping the local populace by training
revolutionary guards and people's militia and by constructing residential
units for displaced: compatriots. Comrade Amir Uwes, Chairman of ‘the
Kiliningi kebele Peasants' Association, told the visiting journalists that
the members of the Revolutionary Army were doing everything possible ‘to
support the people of the area in various areas of endeavour. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Feb 85 p 5]

26
cso: 3400/637


JPRS-SSA-85~022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BATTERY PLANT--The French company SAFT, specialized in the production of
high technology batteries, is discussing the possibility of building a plant
in the country with the South African government. The plant would cost 100
million’ rands and produce iron-nickel batteries. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN
DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 20]

CESSNA CRASH AT SWARTKOP--The Cessna 150H, registration no. ZS-EXU (serial
no. 68254) belonging to the Defence Flying Club crashed on November 10 at
Swartkop. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 20]

AVIATION EXHIBITION--The Aviation Africa 86 exhibition is scheduled to be
held in Johannesburg from March 19 to the 22. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE
in English No 53, Jan 85 p 20]

NEW SHOOTING RANGE--The Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, says it
iis essential for South Africa to remain militatily prepared despite the
existence of the Nkomati accord, the Lusaka agreement and the Pretoria
manifesto. He was speaking December 1 at the opening of a new shooting
range in Welkom in the Free State Province. The range is believed to be the
piggest and most modern in the southern hemisphere. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN
DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 21]

NUCLEAR DUMPING OPPOSED--The anti-nuclear group Koeberg Alert is strongly
opposing the use of Vaalputs in Namaqualand as an international dumping
ground for nuclear waste. The group is reacting to a call to turn the
nuclear waste site into an international venture that could earn South
Africa millions of rand. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53,
Jan 85 p 21]

BISHOPS' REPORT--In their report December 6 on police actions in the Vaal
townships the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference estimated that
at least 150 people had been killed in the past three months when the

police "used firearms without provocation...and frequently indiscriminately."
The report included allegations of police brutality contained in affidavits
and statements from residents of the Vaal townships. The report. says that
there has been widespread reports of "indiscriminate and excessive beatings."
Police commented that it was regrettable that the report did not condemn or
even mention the damage, running into millions of dollars, "intimidation and
brutal murder of innocent people by callous and lawless rioters." [Text]
[Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 p 21]

151



The spectacular dispatching ‘of a military force of which it was stated in
advance. that it would not -be used could have had no other result.
Qadhdhafi. understood that. Since his ambition was to annex the northern
Chad, he did. just ‘that, under the protection of the french army.

Why would -he leave now when his violation of the Tripoli accord is causing
no reaction in Paris, even 'as:these lines are being written? Deprived of
the threat of military intervention, France has no other weapon than
diplomatic pressure. Whence the increasingly desperate attempts of the -
French government, yesterday in Ifrane, then in Crete, even more .recently
in Damascus, .to convince, the Libyan colonel to make a move. An attempt
that has remained vain to date, and that it is difficult to:see how,
without military pressure,:.it could.produce the slightest result.

The cost to the credibility of French policy in Africa of this refusal to
analyze the Qadhdhafi phenomenon’ correctly and simply. is obvious.. The
friends of Mitterrand often invoke the anti~colonial realism of General
DeGaulle. But they forget that in Algeria specifically (we deplore it,
but it is a fact), DeGaulle did not negotiate from a position of weakness.
The Evian accords were signed because, defeated politically,. France. was.
winning the Algerian war militarily. . In Chad, although under aggrevating
circumstances it is. the. aggressor, Libya has been saved by the Tripoli
accord... And its aggression has. not: been sanctioned bya military defeat.

The defense agreements between France and its African partners seem today
to be a contract whose application is restrictive and risky.

It. would haye been less. costly, for’ everyone to give Hissein Habre the air
cover he asked for in June 1983. The Manta operation would have. been
spared and the present confusion avoided.

If the Chad affair ‘is provoking a stir in Franco-African relations, what
can be said, now at the end of 1984, of the climate of suspicion reigning
among French-speaking Africans after the last OAU summit?

The 1 year renewal of the Nigerian Peter Onu at the head of the Secretariat
General of the Organization [OAU] will not be without consequences,

How did countries related. by history, language, currency and natural
relationships let themselves be trapped in this way? How has’ the unwritten
rule of assigning the Addis-Ababa job to a French speaker been lightly
ignored for 2 years with the complicity of the French speakers them-
selves? Cultural heritage? Maybe. In any case, the English-speaking
Africans, like their Anglo-Saxon friends, are not bothered by considera-
tions regarding their ideologies when their existence as a cultural entity
within a continent is involved. After six votes and withdrawal of the
Malian candidacy, the Gabonese candidate was alone in the race. He
lacked two votes to reach the required quota of two-thirds. But, as was
the case with Edem Kodjo in Khartoum in 1978, he could have been elected
by acclamation.


There were 401 charged and acquitted during the year and 134 were still
awaiting tria.

Pressure

"The most alarming new developing in 1984 has been the introduction of closed
circuit television the cells at John Vorster Square," the paper said.

"They (the police) claim it is for the safety of detainees but all evidence
points to the fact it is designed to increase pressure on the detainees," said
the group. The matter was of the "utmost gravity",

Another tendency last year, the group claimed, was for the the Security Police
to behave capriciously with food parcels.

--A copy of the allegations was telexed to the police yesterday morning. No
reply had been received.

CsO: 3400/528

134


VAAL BODY FORMED TO GIVE AID TO RESIDENTS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Feb 85 p 9

[Text]

A NON-POLITICAL,

church-orientated or-
ganisation has been
formed in the Vaal
Triangle. with the aim

of tackling immediate ,
burning issues and’

solving them by
peaceful means.

The organisation
named (OAU) Opera-

.tion Advance and Up--

grade intends to up-
grade the quality of
black . people’s lives,
spiritually, econom-
ically, socially, cultu-
rally and educationally.

A Sebokeng business-
man and the OAU’s di-
rector, Mr John Gogo-
tya, told The SOWE-
TAN in an interview that
although the organisa-
tion had originally been
established four years
ago and mainly oper-
ated in the Pentacostal
churches, they were now
going to look at issues
outside the church.

He said their affiliates

consist of about 50 inde-
pendent churches and

cso: 3400/625

‘they were going to con-
tact various other bodies
with a view to making
the organisation go na-
tional.

“We have in the past
been limiting our acti-
vities within the church
structure, but we are
now going to look at the
broad spectrum of the
set up in the country and
‘see how best we can
help diffuse the present
situation.

Hi *Because of our
“hristian beliefs, we are
‘alse going to take a
»stand against com-
munism. We don’t re-
“gard communism as a
ireligion, because
ccording to Karl Marx
‘it is anti-God. We see
‘ourselves as mission-
:aries whose responsibil-
lity is first to God,” he
Ssaid.

: Among projects lined
“up by the OAU are
‘seminars to deal with
education problems. In
the Vaal, study centres
will be set up and plans
are underway to provide

142

books to libraries and
schools following the
, burning down of librar-
vies in the area.

. Competitions would
also be organised coun-
trywide on essay writing
to upgrade the quality of
languages, and prizes
would be given to best
pupils. Mr Gogotya said

he had been shocked at
jthe high failure rate by
‘pupils even in their own
‘languages.
j It was also their inten-
-tion to run. Christian
“youth centres where
youths would engage
themselves with sports
and cultural activities.
‘Further, expert advice
for Christian small busi-
nessmen will also be
given at seminars.

According to Mr Go-
gotya, from time to
time, if need arises on
important community
matters, delegations will
be appointed to talk
‘with Government Minis+
Mters. ye

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SHACKLETON AIRCRAFT WITHDRAWN FROM SERVICE
Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No 53, Jan 85 pp 20-21

[Text] After 28 years patrolling the Cape sea route, South Africa's fleet
of six Shackleton aircraft have been withdrawn from service, and have now
literally become museum pieces.

Following is a Johannesburg radio commentary on the decision:

Because of the international arms embargo against the country, there will
be no replacements for ‘the Shackletons, which means that South Africa's
surveillance and air-sea rescue capability will be severely curtailed.

South Africa's position has always been that the country ought to be able
to acquire the maritime equipment it needs to defend the Cape sea route.
While individual naval experts and other authorities abroad support this
view, Western governments apparently have little appreciation of the fact
that stability in the southern African region, access to its raw materials
and protection of the lines of communication which South Africa commands,
are of vital importance to the free world.

The West's withholding of maritime equipment to South Africa has been
criticised by many strategists, among them Capt John Moore, editor of Jane's
Fighting Ships. He maintains that peacetime surveillance of the Soviet navy
is of prime importance, and aircraft surveillance is the most cost-effective
way of doing it.

Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in Soviet
involvement in the Indian Ocean, which in 1980 was described by the former
chief of operations of the American navy, Admiral Dunbar, as the most
critical arena in the international power struggle.

Inhabitants of the once-peaceful Seychelles have become aware of increasing
Soviet military and naval activity. Two batteries of Soviet rockets and a
number of surface-to-air missiles have been installed on the main island of
Mahe. In addition, there are a large number of North Korean military
advisers on the island. This underlines the vulnerability of sub-Saharan
Africa to the involvement of the world and the Indian Ocean.

With its surveillance and monitoring capability, South Africa has up to now
played an important role in communications in the southern hemisphere.

Because of the short-sightedness of Western governments, this is no longer
the case, and its maritime activities will be restricted to the defence of

its own coastline and harbours.

148

cso: 3400/613


For instance, Swazi-speaking Mozambicans who fled the MNR terror in mid-
1984, told of hundreds of civilian deaths which were not reported officially
in Mozambique.

The civilian casualty rate, as given out in Maputo, seems to be the most
reliable indicator of the intensity of the war.

When the MNR in Lisbon announced a new offensive in the last quarter of
1984, the civilian death toll, as reported by the Mozambican news agency,
rose dramatically.

The toll fell to eight in November but rose again to 32 in December, along
with an MNR announcement that this would happen. .

Already this month, 42 civilians have peen killed, ‘including two Britons,
and 73 have been wounded.

Major acts of sabotage have become almost a weekly occurrence this year. as
the rebels carry out their promise to increase their activities.

The main lines carrying power to Maputo from South Africa have been blown up
three times this month.

With indications that peace negotiations between Mozambique and the MNR, with
South Africa as the intermediary, may resume soon, the rebel organisation
has strengthened its bargaining position. :

It has shown that it is able to wage an intensified bush war over a long
period. .

Evidence has emerged that the rebels have been re-supplied regularly in the
past six months.

Earlier this month, Frelimo troops fired at two aircraft which flew into
northern Mozambique from Malawi.

It is understood they were dropping supplies to the rebels.

The continuing support for the MNR has been a source of mystery as the
Mozambique government appears to believe that South Africa has officially
stopped supplying the rebels.

The Maputo authorities believe, however, that some sort of right wing element
in South Africa, along with conservative groups in. Portugal, are now backing
the MNR.

Strong Action

This week the socialist Portuguese government promised to take strong action
against leaders of the MNR who use Lisbon as their base.

41



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PAUL BERNETEL REVIEWS YEAR OF FAILURES
Dakar AFRICA in French Dec 84 pp 18-19
[Article by Paul Bernetel: "Chad-OAU: A Year of Failures" ]

[Text] For Africa 1984 is ending as it began, in chaos. Disorder and
confusion reign. Frustration as well. And even sadder to say, all of it
is tainted with derision.

The Franco-African summit in Bujumbura is, therefore, taking place at a
particularly difficult moment. And the annual meeting of the leaders

of the French-speaking nations with the French chief of state is affected
by all of this.

Of course, with the help of good will and diplomacy, they will each avoid
pounding on the table. But what reservations, and what questions about
France's African policy. What suspicions, what bitterness within the
French-speaking club.

A year after Vittell, disenchantment is general.

~~In Chad, the departure of the Libyan army, confirmed by Paris, is
cancelled several days later.

Qadhdhafi does his utmost with appeasing speeches, but they are not
followed up by actions. That is no surprise to the Africans. But we
wonder why their experiences with the Libyan colonel and their warnings
have been taken so lightly by their French partner.

In fact, President Mitterrand is the first victim of his own strategy. A
strategy on which I have expressed the most explicit reservations since
September 1983, in this very forum. And that is explained by the
obsessive fear the French Socialists have of being implicated in a
military adventure. The Manta operation, that some in Africa hailed as
a success, carried within itself the seeds of failure.



engine blow up) and another from Malta. On the most optimistic
reckoning, it would take 10 years to turn Mozambique’s oil into
revenue.

The reported Rotterdam connection (AC Vol 24 No 1) "has
solid links with South Africa, but unless President Botha is lying
or impotent, the MNR’s principal supply lines now originate
elsewhere. The alternatives. most frequently mentioned, Malawi
and the Comores, are in the South. African camp. Pik- Botha
recently visited the Comores for a meeting with Bob Dénard, the
mercenary leader who is behind the Comores’ ‘cosmetic Islamic
throne. Pik’s visit was partly an-attempt to find a cheaper route
to Europe for South African Airways which, barred: from: air
‘space over much of the continent, is forced to take the Jong and
‘expensive route around the bulge of West Africa. He has discusséd _

“landing rights with Somalia. The talks with Dénard completed

the formalities which now permit South African aircraft and
crews, lightly disguised as “‘Air Comores”, to operate service
‘between Johannesburg and Jeddah initially, and perhaps to Tel

° ‘Aviv and destinations further west later.

* Within the past fortnight, Mozambique claims
to have detected and driven off an overflight, by
implication an MNR air-drop, by two aircraft near
the Caborra Bassa hydro-electric plant in Tete pro-
vince. One of the aircraft was identified as a Dakota
DC3, the other merely as being smaller. Mozambique
is always quick to claim reported intrusions. of its
airspace by suspicious aircraft, but loathes or is
unable to provide details. There are two mysteries
about these flights. The first is that Mozambique
has a network of mobile radar units on hills in
strategic areas, and there is presumably a link-up
with more modern Soviet detection devices such as
the installation, in a prohibited-zone, on Bazaruto
island in the Mozambique Channel. The ‘second is
the unexplained crashing of at least two Britten-’
Norman Islander twin-engined light transport air-
craft from the mainland. This type of aircraft. is
especially suitable for air-drops and parachutists.
The journey from the Comores to north-eastern
Mozambique is well within their operational range:
Mozambique was originally seen by Pretoria as a
suitable subject for de-stabilization, regardless of the
consequences, because it was Marxist, harboured.the
ANC and might one day provide the logistical: sup-
port for anti-Pretoria guerrillas as it had for Robert

‘Mugabe’s ZANLA forces in Zimbabwe. South

‘Africa’s intention was thus to topple Frelimo and
Machel. It then dawned on Pretoria that in so doing
it would create in the eyes of the world an entity as
unacceptable, useless and unrewardingly expensive
as the Transkei and the other Bantustans.’ This led
to the decision that the retention of Machel was
essential for international consumption, The stick
was replaced by the carrot of South African expertise
and capital to revive an economy in the depths of
desperation.

The argument pressed upon Machel since Nkomati
is that South African capital will not venture into

35



"If they advertise in the national dailies they are paying for the 35,000
copies which go to black editions, or the 10,000 which go to East Rand.
They know that by advertising in our newspapers they go exactly where they
want to go.

"Studies in the United Kingdom have indicated there will be no more paid-
for newspapers in the future, that all of them will aim at free distribution
and maximum concentration. It is the newspaper of the future."

Mr Gill, Editor-in-Chief of Amalgamated Press, which runs several local
newspapers, many of which are paid for, agreed.

"The future of the local newspaper industry looks good.

"Newspapers, be they what we term national dailies such as THE STAR or DIE
BEELD, or whether they be the local newspapers, all depend on advertising
revenue to survive.

"In this respect the small local newspapers have the advantage of being able
to provide point-of-sale advertising. In other words while mediums like
television can advertise that this or that car is the greatest, we can
actually provide the name and address of the local dealer.

“More and more people are becoming aware of the fact that the local Press
is also able to provide greater penetration.

"In the case of our newspaper, THE BENONI CITY TIMES, we are able to reach
some 80 percent of all Benoni residents."

Both editors agreed it was important for the local newspaper to be a part
of the community, something the big nationals are unable to do.

Summarising the conclusions reached by some of the newspaper industry's
leading figures:

That the newspaper industry in South Africa is in crisis appears beyond
dispute, that there may be casualties is a tragic fact of life.

Television and radio, or the electronic media if you like, has played a sig-
nificant role in the crisis the industry now faces.

But it is equally obvious that the industry has contributed to its own ills.

It has overcrowded the market place and made demands on advertisers that
cannot be met. It, to a significant extent at least, misread the economic
climate and has spent. much of its time in cut-throat competition for adver-
tising. .

Too much strain has been placed on certain sections of the market: the morn-
ing market, including Saturdays, and the Sunday market are areas where
casualties are inevitable.

115



JPRS-SSA-~85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

SODA ASH MINING TO START
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jan 85 p 1
[Article by Molefe Mmamap1lo]

[Text] Gaborone--Work on Soa Pan Soda Ash Mining Project will begin at the
end of this year but production will not be expected until 1988.

Mr Peter Freeman, a consultant with the Ministry of Mineral Resources and
Water Affairs, has disclosed this information to BOPA this week.

At present the ministry is waiting for the British Petroleum to bring the
final report on the feasibility study. Once they got the report discussion
will proceed in the direction of the commercial development of the project,
Mr Freeman said.

He said the technical aspect of the feasibility study was complete and
satisfactory. He revealed that there had been a pilot scale processing
plant operating since June last year.

Mr Freeman said what they did was to prove all technical stages of the
process would work as expected. And the pilot plant was a complete success
according to him.

He said what was now being done was to examine the economic viability of the
project, of which soda ash price is prime factor.

He pointed out that the market had been secured in Southern Africa, mainly
in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Our Soda Ash would compete favourably
with imports from USA and Europe, said Mr Freeman.

"What is to be examined is the support our industries would get from the
customs union. We shall have to discuss with the South African Government
on the level of tariffs to be imposed by the customs union," he said.

It was anticipated that imports of soda ash from elsewhere into South Africa
would have to be expensive in order to protect the viability of the regional
industry.

14


. JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

GOVERNMENT STATEMENT SAYS BOPHUTHATSWANA THREATENED TO INVADE
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 5 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] The Office of the President issued a statement that Bophuthatswana
has threatened to invade Botswana unless the passage of ANC cadres into
Republic of South Africa and Bophuthatswana, which Bophuthatswana believes
takes place through Botswana stops.

The rest of the statement reads: "This warning has since been repeated by
the South African Foreign Minister, the Hon. Pik Botha who has stated that
the Republic of South Africa and Bophuthatswana reserve the right to march
into any neighbouring country through which they believe ANC cadres pass
into Bophuthatswana and the Republic of South Africa, whether such neigh-
bouring country approves or knows about such infiltration or not.

"Botswana therefore faces the risk of invasion whether or not it approves
of the alleged ANC infiltration or even knows about it or not.

“The Bophuthatswana threat is all the more surprising as Bophuthatswana had
not previously complained to Botswana about security matters.

"Botswana for its part, has explained, as it has always done, that it does
not allow the use of its territory as a base for attacks on its neighbours
or any other countries for that matter. Botswana has always arrested, tried
and imprisoned anybody who was caught importing or carrying or in possession
of weapons in Botswana.

"Botswana is no more guilty of permitting ANC cadres to enter its territory
than Bophuthatswana and South Africa are of permitting these cadres to enter
their respective territories. South Africa and Bophuthatswana with their
large security forces and armies, capable of invading Botswana, should be
petter able to seal their boundaries against ANC infiltration which thing
Botswana with its small police force and army and severely limited resources
is unable to do so."

cso: 3400/634



Plight of Hungry Blacks in Port Elizabeth
(Bessie Bouwer; WEEKEND POST, 2 Feb 85)ecccccsscccccecececs 98

Economic Crisis Hits Port Elizabeth
(Allan Soule; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Feb 85) cceccececcececcecerees 103

Controversy Over Port Elizabeth's Economic Difficulties
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb 85)...-ececercecceceecscescserecsereese 105

Government Decentralization Scheme
Decentralization Scheme Criticized

Country's Newspaper Industry in Crisis, Faces Uncertain Future
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 9 Feb 85) cccecesceceeceecececses 107

Machakaneng Farm Owners To Be Forced to Bophuthatswana
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 29 Jan 85) vceecececceceereceecs LIT

Colored Community Faces Kat River Removal
(WEEKEND POST, 19 Jan 85)...+eeesceccecssscccrcscercesrerces 118

Millions Spent on Housing for Colored, Indian MPs
(DAILY DISPATCH, 26 Jan .:)) 122

Buying Houses Now Easier for Blacks
(Sophie Tema; RAND DAILY MAIL, L Feb 85)scesceccececceseeees 123

SABC Plans Education Service for Blacks
(J Manuel Correia; RAND DAILY MAIL, 1 Feb 85)..sesceceeesers 124

GKSA Policy Changes To Give Blacks Equal Say
(THE STAR, 31 Jan 85)sseeeeeecceeeceeceecccscrersseseseeree® 125

Claim of Black Lawyers Experiencing Difficulties Denied
(SOWETAN, 7 Feb 85)...sseecececcecrececrecesceressercrseeees 127

New Government Scheme To Train Blacks
(Ali Mphaki; SOWETAN, 8 Feb 85)..++eeseereeerceccererersece® 128

Survey of Afrikaans Press Shows Recent Liberalization Trend
(James McClurg; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 27 Jan 85)..ssceeeeeeeceeres 129

Warning on New Township Police
(THE STAR, 28 Jan 85)..ceesecececceccecsccsececescesereesee® 131

Record for Detentions High in 1984
(Joe Openshaw; THE STAR, 29 Jan 85) sccccccccccvccccesssceces 133

New, Improved Housing Scheme for Alexandra Township
(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 30 Jan 85)..essceeeseeeecees 135

-e-



CLAIM OF BLACK LAWYERS EXPERIENCING DIFFICULTIES DENIED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Feb 85 p 8

[Text]

‘MORE black lawyers
are needed to cope with
the population’s de-
mands, says Mr Seun
Moshidi, secretary of the
Black Lawyers Associa-
tion.

Mr Moshidi was
reacting to an article
published recently in
The Star which stated
that:

“Black attorneys, are
experiencing: difficulties
in establishing viable
practices partly because

_of restriction on the
areas in which they may
locate their offices, but
largely because they are
growing in number at a
faster rate than the de-
«mand for legal services
which are not supplied
free of charge.”

Although Mr Moshidi

cso: 3400/625

conceded that more
black lawyers were
qualifying every year.
He said more black law-
yers were needed.

“There is definitely a
shortage if one considers
that of the approxi-
mately 8 000 lawyers in
the country. Only about
600 are black,” argued
Mr Moshidi.

A black Jawyer’s edu-
cation centre was estab-

«lished recently to aug-

ment egal services for
blacks, he said.

Mr Moshidi explained
that the centre catered
for students wanting to
pursue the profession —
qualified lawyers who
had outstanding law
courses and the general
public who could not af-
ford high legal fees.

127

Reacting to the first
claim that black lawyers
faced restriction as to
where they could prac-
tice, Mr Moshidi said he
had experienced such
difficulties himself. *

He claimed the Influx
Control Act affected
many lawyers from rural
areas. These outlying
areas had few legal fa-
cilities and black lawyers
had to seek apprentice-
ship in bigger urban
centres.

“Lawyers could not
tender proper, services
to their clients because
they were living tempo-

srarily in garages and

back rooms in the urban
areas,” he said.

Mr Moshidi called on
the Government to scrap
the discriminatory laws
against lawyers.

JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



CONTROVERSY OVER PORT ELIZABETH'S ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES

Government Decentralization Scheme

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 4

[Text]

‘HOUSE ..OF _ AS-

SEMBLY. — The Minis-
ter of Trade and Industry,
Dr Dawie de Villiers, yes-
terday defended the de-
centralisation scheme and
the Government’s _atti-
tude on Port Elizabeth’s
economic difficulties.

Speaking during debate
‘on an Official Opposition
motion criticising these
policies, Dr De Villiers
said the PFP. was out of
touch with the feelings of
the people of Port Eliza-
beth.

About 300 local busi-
nessmen who attended a
meeting of the Decentra-
lisation Board last week
had expressed their confi-
dence in the future of the
city and thanked the Gov-
ernment for its develop-
ment initiatives in the
area.

The Minister said the
problems of the Port Hii-
zabeth-Uitenhage area
were reflected throughout
the country as the reces-
sion took hold.

The Ford Motor Com-
pany had moved to Pre-
toria because of rationali-
sation problems faced by
the vehicle industry
nationwide and not be-
cause of the decentralis-
ation.

The Government had
done everything in its
power to help Ford stay in

105

Port Elizabeth, but even
concessions which many
car manufacturers said
would have been suffi-
cient in ‘ordinary times
had not helped solve rat-
ionalisation problems
within the industry.

Qualify

* Dr De Villiers said Port
Elizabeth did not qualify
for decentralisation con-
cessions because it was
one of the four largest
metropolitan areas in the
country.

Even so, the Govern-
ment had granted conces-
sions totalling R62,8-mil-
lion from April 1982 to
December 1984, of which
R37,9-million was’ in re-
spect of electricity grants.

New Government con-
cessions were granted to
the city at the end of last
year, while 40 percent re-
bates on certain costs to
the harbour, shipping, air
freight and motor indus-
tries had been in opera-
tion for some time.

Dr De Villiers said a
total of R17,7-million had
already been spent in the
city as a result of the
Rieve Committee’s rec-
ommendations and mil-
lions more would be spent
on upgrading housing in
the 1985/86 financial year.
This would be an import-
ant boost to the city’s
economy.

UPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


MARKETING BOARD TO CONTROL “IMPORTS, EXPORTS

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 1 Feb

[Text ]

ALL imports into and exports
from Seychelles are under the
direct control of the Seychelles
Marketing Board (SMB) as
from today. -

- However, the SMB’s Import
Division, which is a separate
body from the Import Control
which will issue import permits,
will not import everything, a
statement from the Marketing
Board has stressed.

“It will import only essential
items and private merchants
will still be allowed to import
goods,” the SMB said.

The Import Division, which

is headed by Mr Mukesh Val- .

abjhi, officially goes into op-

eration at Victoria House this |
morning when -new import |

Procedures also come into ;

effect.

‘The first aim of the Division
is to guarantee that all essential
items. consumed in Seychelles
are available.

‘The Division will also obtain
“the best, competitive prices for
‘such goods and make these av-

ailable to consumers at fair
Prices too.

‘Two other aims are to ensure

that all imported goods are of
excellent quality and to protect
locally made goods against
imports. >”

64

JPRS-SSA-85-02
18 March 1988"

85 pp 1, 10

Fully computerised

To achieve these aims, the
Marketing Board will be fully
computerised. Already import
information for 1983-84 has
been computerized in detail.
As a result, the Import Divi-
sion knows exactly what has en-
tered the country, how much
was paid for each of these
items, which countries they:
come from, who imported
them, and so on.

The Import Division wilt,

:. make sure that products made |

locally in sufficient quantities
are not imported.

The -statement from the
Marketing Board explained
that the Division would be able
to obtain goods at better prices
because it would buy in larger
quantities from the best
markets.

“The element of over-
invoicing, which had become a
common practice among a few
merchants will not be there,”
the statement added.

The Import Division will also
hold buffer stocks of up to
three to six months of all essen-
tial goods to ensure against
shortages.

Asa result of the Import Di-
vision coming to existence,
there has been a complete
change in import procedures.

SEYCHELLES


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

ASSAB PORT UNDERGOES RAPID MODERNIZATION
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Jan 85 pp 1, 4

{Article by, Kifle Djote] ha De . hoe
{Text] In continuing efforts to expand and develop harbour facilities in
the commercial port of Assab, the port management and the Ethiopian Mari-
time Transport Authority are finalizing the installation of a new crane
workshop and related port equipment highly needed for the upkeep of gen-
eral maintenance. The stepped up activities now in full swing at Assab to
modernize the port forms an integral part of the 20-year port development
plan to rehabilitate and expand the harbour by installing the latest mari-
time facilities and navigational aids.

This was disclosed to newsmen Last week by Comrade Birhane Wolde Semiat,
head of the Engineering Division of the Assab port administration. Comrade
Birhane also disclosed that the first five-year sectional plan has already
entered its final stage with the installation of 18 new cranes and floating
cranes with varying lift capacities. According to Comrade Birhane, six
power-generating motors capable of producing four-thousand kwh have also
been installed while the asphalting of the entire port area has already
been finalized.

All cargo handling equipment including quay cranes, derrick cranes, fork :
lifts and mobile and floating cranes are also being planted in increasing
numbers with every passing year, he added.

Other development projects in the process of being carried out include the
installation of modern docking and repair facilities, provision of safe
navigational aids for day and night operation, provision of fresh water
supply and purchase of equipment for faster handling of cargo. The port
administration also envisages to introduce fresh new technical innovations
during the next five-year plan period and improve the port traffic in such
a way that the national economy could greatly benefit. The next five-year
plan is also yet to witness the adequate provision of more berthing and
burketing services at the Assab port, Comrade Birhane further observed.

Comrade Birhane also noted that as a commercial harbour, Assab port should
by no means be regarded as a goods coming in and going out and should by no

19



When he does give the details, it will be an indication of how successful his
development plan is and whether ARA's fears have been justified.

Mr Buti is going to have to pull something extraordinary out of his hat to
keep rents low. If he fails, he risks adding fuel to the resistance to his
grand plan.

Either way, he will set the stage for a long-term struggle in Alex over rents
and housing.

It is not yet a struggle as serious as that in areas like the Vaal Triangle,
but what Alex does show is that the same basic division exists in all the
townships.

Even Alex, as atypical as it is, has the potential for that division to
develop into more serious conflict.

CSO: 3400/630

138


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

FRG'S CAPITAL, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DISCUSSED
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 4 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] Gaborone, January 30--The Federal Republic of Germany has given
Botswana P139,481,000 in the form of capital and technical assistance since
the two countries established diplomatic relationship in 1969.

This emerged in an interview with the Deputy German Ambassador to Botswana
Mr Helmut Geese here today.

Dividing this figure into the two categories, Mr Geese said that
P106,900,000 was spent on capital assistance "on soft loan basis." The
remaining P32,581,000 was spent on technical assistance.

He named a number of projects under which his country assisted. Among
those projects are the rural water supply for Serowe, Mahalapye, Palapye
and Tonota in the Central District.

Mr Helmut also said that his country provided road engineers for the
improvement of rural roads.

Assistance has also been provided for the development of the Morupule Power
Station at Palapye and Germany has in addition assisted to establish an
Automotive Trade Training school, the Industrial Training and Trade Testing
school which are Botswana's new coming projects.

Mr Geese's interview was a prelude to the visit to Botswana of 13-man
delegation from Federal Republic of Germany on Tuesday.

Furthermore, two German experts have been attached to the Government's new
agricultural project at Malapo near Maun in the North West District.

Mr Geese said, his country has also granted tons of maize and flour to
Botswana for drought.

cso: 3400/634



One of the less typical aspects of Alexandra's policy is Mr Buti, a mayor who
entered the local authority structure with significantly greater credibility
than most of his counterparts. One could call him a small-town Chief
Buthelezi.

Mr Buti is a man with a dream, and his dream is not modest in proportions.

He wants to develop Alexandra from a township that decayed during the many

years it was under threat of forced removal--and still, for example, uses a
bucket system of sewerage--into a model township, offering good and afford-
able housing to all its residents.

The motto of his town council is: "Through development we reach for the sky."

Nobody could accuse Mr Buti of being unimaginative. Faced with the funda-
mental problem of all the black local authorities--a lack of sources of
finance for development--he threw out an extraordinary challenge.

He asked for the incorporation of Kew, Wynberg and Marlboro--the industrial
areas that ring Alex--into the administration of his township. Although the
idea was met with much scepticism, Mr Buti remains optimistic about its
chances of success.

He is presently meeting with the industrialists of the area and hopes to meet
Cabinet Ministers.soon to pursue the idea.

"We are still busy with that. We have had a mixed response. One under-
stands this because it is a new concept, something very fresh and it could
be threatening to the surrounding municipalities.

"But if people want stable communities and if they want to give a sign of
goodwill and create an atmosphere of good neighbourliness, then it will
work," he said.

ARA, however, is completely dismissive of the idea. It is a far-fetched

dream that will not work, ARA spokesmen say. As a result, the Alex Town

Council~~like all other black local authorities--will become dependent on
high rents to finance their development.

They point out that 80 percent of Alex households are financed by unskilled
or semi-skilled workers with an income of between R200 and R300.

According to a survey drawn by the council itself, 50 percent say they
would not be prepared to pay more than R25 in monthly rentals. Less than
4 percent said they would be able to afford more than R50.

Already, the council is charging R124 for one of its new bachelor flats and
R191 for a new two-bedroom flat.

ARA believes the Council will have to charge high rents for houses and this

will cause a catastrophe: it will drive out most of the more than 80,000
residents and force them to find accommodation elsewhere.

136


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

INSTITUTE TO TRAIN MORE LAB TECHNICIANS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Feb 85 pp 1, 3
[Article by Makonnen Haile]

[Text] The National Laboratory Technician Training Institute is to double
its student in-take, raising the total between 80 to 100, when the new
school under construction in the premises of the Central Laboratory and
Research Institute (CLRI), becomes operational a few months later.

This was disclosed by Comrade Asrat Deressa, Head of Training and Regional
Laboratory Service at CLRI. He said the new building is expected to be
completed some two months later. Construction work began in 1983.

Comrade Asrat said, the institute's present capacity is limited to 50
students, who are being trained for two years as junior laboratory techni-
cians. Trainees joining the institute are selected from all administrative
regions of the country on a quota basis, from among students that had com-
pleted grade 12. Students are required to have at least C passes in
Science, Mathematics and English.

Graduates from the institute will be posted in health centres and hospital
laboratories in different parts of the country. In addition to accepting
fresh students, the institute also provides training courses for senior
laboratory technicians that are selected from among former graduates after
three years of service. The laboratory technicians will undergo a one-year
course, after which they will be assigned to work in major hospitals, train-
ing centres and research laboratories.

According to Comrade Asrat, the training of laboratory technicians was first
introduced at CLRI in 1948 and turned out six junior laboratory technicians.
The number of graduates kept on rising steadily through the years. The num-
ber of graduates last year was 25 junior and 29 senior technicians. Up to
last year, the institute has turned out 297 junior and 69 senior laboratory
technicians.

As further explained by Comrade Asrat, laboratory technicians were also

trained at the Menelik II Hospital, which was functioning from 1958 to
1970 E.C. A total of 81 junior technicians had graduated from this centre.

24


JPRS~SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

ZAIRE

AGREEMENT REINFORCING CHINESE COOPERATION SIGNED
Kinshasa BLIMA in French 18 Dec 84 pp 1, 7
(Editorial: Zaire-China: "Reinforcing Cooperation"]

[Text] Zaire and the People's Republic of China have just signed
the agreement establishing the joint Zairo-Chinese commission.
The ceremony, which took place on Saturday at the Department of
Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, marked a milestone
in relations between the two countries.

Frequently cited by the president-founder of the MPR, Zairo-Chi-
nese cooperation has, since normalization of relations between
Zaire and China some 12 years ago, undergone harmonious develop-
ment, working so well’ that the advances that are the fruits of
that cooperation are numerous and perfectly illustrate the firm
determination of both countries to work for the establishment of

a new economic order in the world, one that will be fair and equi-
table. In a number of areas, the People's Republic of China is
making major contributions to Zaire's development. They take the
form, first of all, of medical cooperation which, in many respects,
has yielded encouraging results. In Kinshasa, Mbandaka, or Gemena,
Chinese doctors treat their patients with an openness and discre-
tion one cannot find among European co~operants.

Chinese military experts train some elements of the Zairian armed
forces, and live under the same conditions as their Zairian bre-
thren.

The construction of the People's Palace in Kinshasa, a splendid
building that rises majestically over the capital itself, and the
recent opening of the Lotokila sugar refinery in Upper Zaire, are
links in a long chain of cooperation first begun at the time of
Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko's first trip to the People's Republic of
China.

With regard to the foregoing, one can say that the nature of the

relations..that bind Zaire and China are a fine example of South-
South cooperation, a more "human" kind of cooperation.

161



Extendéd

The concept of. appropriateness can be extended to all areas and action of our
social and private lives, including appropriate family planning measures.
Mainland China, for example, is a society which exhibits a great sense of
appropriateness. While using a labour-intensive approach to production in
most parts, it encourages high mechanisation in others.

Thinking in terms of appropriateness means considering the circumstances of
individuals,. groups and the environment and being flexible. It does, how-
ever, not absolve people from exercising their judgment and from negotiating
with each other.

I propose that in developing appropriate strategies for our future a bit of
housewifely common sense, humour, flexibility, tolerance and turning a
blind eye, especially by our bureaucrats, may be more appropriate than the
learned results of expert commissions and the elaborate laws and structures
designed by social engineers.

Presently, South Africa is a top-down society. Grand strategies are designed
for people to guarantee their socio-economic advancement in an ‘orderly'
fashion. Although some success cannot be denied, the socio-economic problems
persist and according to our forecasts are likely to worsen in future.

A bottom-up approach may be more appropriate for South Africa. I think there
would be a great future for a society which stops restricting the entre-
preneurial spirit of people and allows everyone to do their thing within as
few limitations as possible.

Lots of interaction, innovativeness and experimentation on the micro-level
of society would not only guarantee that each of us can find ways and means
to satisfy our own needs at a level suitable to us but would also, I believe,
evolve more appropriate structures at a macro level, including a constitu-
tional solution more appropriate for our society.

cso: 3400/647

93



UPRS-SSA-85~-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW, IMPROVED HOUSING SCHEME FOR ALEXANDRA TOWNSHIP
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 30 Jan 85 p 9
{Article by Anton Harber]

[Text] In a few weeks, the Alexandra Town Council will announce the rents
it intends charging for the new houses it is building.

The announcement will be crucial to the future of Alexandra because it will
give an early indication of the workability of the crucial redevelopment
plans for this unusual township.

The Rev Sam Buti, mayor of Alexandra and prime architect of the redevelop-
ment plans, remains confident he can provide new and improved housing for
the people of the township.

Asked whether he was worried about rent increases sparking off the resistance
it has in other Transvaal townships, he said: "We are not worried. We have
a plan, we have told people about our plan and it is being realised."

The emerging Alexandra Residents Association (ARA), however, has a strik-
ingly different view of his plans.

It believes the rent announcement will prove the point it has been trying
constantly to make: the scheme will benefit only the rich, while the major-
ity of residents will be driven out by the high rents.

As the ARA said in a recent pamphlet: "Buti's Save Alexandra Party was
expected to make improvements in Alexandra... He promised sub-economic
housing that would cost between R10 and R30 in rent per month.

"Instead, he has cooked up a scheme to build houses for the elite, for people
who can afford rents of R200 per month, while residents who can't afford it
are in trouble."

The divide between the two views of the development plan is striking.
Although Alexandra is by no means a typical Transvaal township--nestling
between Johannesburg and Sandton, ringed by valuable industrial areas and
one of the last areas of black freehold property ownership--the divisions
within it do typify those in many townships.

135



JPRS~SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NO CONSCIOUS RACIAL BIAS AMONG JUDICIAL OFFICERS SAYS JUDGE
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 19 Jan 85 p 3
[Article by Thelma Tuch]

[Text]. There might be unequal treatment in the courts arising from a language
and cultural gap between judicial officers and people appearing before them,
Mr Justice R. J. Goldstone said yesterday.

He was summing up at a conference held by the National Institute for Crime
Prevention and Rehabilitation (Nicro) at the University of the Orange Free
State, '

He said this issue should be addressed by both lawyers and judicial officers,
and the latter should be more sensitive to this question.

However, he said, there was no evidence to suggest that there was any con-.
scious racial bias on the part of judicial officers. -

"During my six years on the bench I ‘have never come across it," said
Mr Justice Goldstone, the national chairman of Nicro.

During the conference, Professor John Dugard said inadequate training of
judges and magistrates, particularly in sentencing criminals, resulted in
racial bias and was undermining public confidence.

Prof Dugard, director of the Centre for Applied Legal Studies at the Uni-
versity of the Witwatersrand, said the fact that all judges and 99 percent
of magistrates were white inevitably lead to disparity in sentencing along
racial lines. noe

To illustrate his views, he cited numerous recent cases and academic studies.

As a result, the South African legal system was facing a credibility crisis,
he said.

While most whites still saw it as a fair legal order, blacks increasingly
viewed it as the white man's means of maintaining domination, Prof Dugard
said.

86


JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

”

GOVERNMENT WARNS EMPLOYERS AGAINST NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD UNIONS
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 22 Jan 85 p2

{Text] Gaborone~-The Assistant Minister of Agriculture, Mr Utlwang
Matlhabaphiri, has issued a strong warning to some company managements
against what he called their negative and disastrous attitude towards
trade unions,

Mr Matlhabaphiri who is the former general secretary and chairman of the
Botswana Federation of Trade Unions, was opening a conference of the
Botswana Diamond Sorters-Valuators Union at the BFTU headquarters Saturday
morning.

He said some managements did not believe in trade unions at all. He said
such managements believed in the destruction of such organisations. He
requested the managements to refrain from down playing the union.

Mr Matlhabaphiri quoted a section of the Botswana Constitution which says,
"except with his own consent, no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment
of his freedom of assembly and association, that is to say, his right to
form or belong to trade unions or other associations for the protection of
his interests."

Mr Matlhabaphiri disclosed that it had sometimes happened that some people
were deprived of their rightful promotions because of their participation
in trade unions, hence a lot of people turn to very scared of participating
in a trade union.

He added: "Let there be no victimisation... Government will always support
the management that gives the union full participation."

On the Eniployment Act of 1982 and the Trade Unions and Employers Organisa-
tion Act, 1983, he said it had been alleged at some of the BFTU forums that
this had promulgated very oppressive labour laws.

The Minister said he had always been interested to see such allegations
being substantiated by showing sections in the law which oppress workers.
He reminded the delegates that Government did not just bring bills to
Parliament without consultation. He said trade unions were adequately


--Political solutions. Constitutional reform--be it four chambers or black
majority rule--is not a panacea for solving the problems of the socio- .
economic system such as unemployment, lack of housing, inadequate education,
malnutrition. These problems may, however, be aggravated or alleviated by
different political systems.

--More education. The failure of this strategy to advance populations
rapidly from a Third to a First World level is well documented.

It is not intended here to dispute the value of these strategies. “We need
more economic growth, education, redistribution as well as new political
solutions, but it is dangerous to credit them with the power to transform
South Africa into a First World society.

Most future trends which have the built-in assumption that the present
structures and strategies will continue, indicate a growing Third World ,
component in South Africa. This also implies growing numbers of people whose _
basic needs are not likely to be fulfilled. : oo

It is therefore necessary to evaluate our present strategies and to develop
social, economic and political structures and solutions suited to’ our First/
Third World mix. If this challenge is to be mastered, an attitude of appro—
priateness may be a most helpful conceptual tool.

Some examples are:

—-Determining an appropriate level of decision-making for. different’ issues.
Some issues are more appropriately solved at the local lével (decentralisa—
tion), others at government or larger regional level (centralisation).

~-Delegating a job to the appropriate agency. It may be more appropriate
that some of the functions which are now fulfilled by the public sector
are taken over by the private sector (privatisation) or vice versa’
(nationalisation). .

--Developing appropriate iridustrial and agricultural development strategies
using an appropriate technological mix. Some industries, for example a
chemical factory, may be more appropriately run with sophisticated tech-
nologies. Other sectors may be more appropriately run along more labour-
intensive lines.

--Developing appropriate standards and an appropriate legal framework.
Our First World standards, such as health and building regulations, seem to
be inappropriate in the context of our society.

--It may be an idea to start an institute for appropriate solutions for South

Africa, or--perhaps more appropriately--to revamp our existing institutions
such as the CSIR, HSRC, and agricultural research institutes, accordingly.

92


"We, are very keen to have the company here. Mr Hsu has the drive, initia-
tive and financial means to get this project off the ground.

"As a city, we have ample ground to give him exactly what he needs--we have
a committee specialising in this function.

“During our visit we were able to convince him of Port. Elizabeth" s superior
package of a developed infrastructure and concessions."

cso: 3400/648

97



"We have moved into the many other areas, the major ones being CNA-Gallo,
Caxton and suburban newspapers, commercial publishing companies and the
provision of telephone information services such as Info," he added.

Mr Vosloo: "The big publishing companies in South Africa have diversified,
they now have other interests besides newspapers, and that has helped keep
many of the dailies alive."

And what could the Government do to help?

"Most Western Governments have made a wide ranging series of concessions to
newspapers to help them stay afloat," Mr Vosloo added.

"These range from reduced rates on telephone and telex services to conces-
sions such as exempting papers from GST.

"there are also direct subsidies to some newspapers in certain countries
and in others, such as the Scandanavian countries, no advertising is allowed
on télevision.

"In South Africa we receive no such concessions."

Another great help, according to the advertising industry, would be for the
Government to lift GST on advertising.

When GST was introduced few advertising budgets were increased to compensate.

What lies in the future for the newspaper industry, especially for the three
English newspapers under threat of closure?

As regards the RAND DAILY MAIL and the SUNDAY EXPRESS, the decision probably
lies with millionaire businessman Mr Gordon Waddel-~and he is not giving any
clues.

It can be safely assumed that any attempt to close either of the two famous
and respected newspapers will be fought tooth and nail all along the line
from MD Clive Kinsley to the staff and readers of the two papers.

As regards the SUNDAY STAR, Argus appear to be standing firm.

"The SUNDAY STAR is not at risk at all," according to Mr McLean.

"There has certainly been no suggestion at Argus that there is a question
mark behind the newspaper.

“While it is not carrying the amount of advertising necessary to make it
really economically viable, it is certainly in no danger of being closed,"
he added.

Whatever the bosses say, the feeling of the rest of the newspaper industry

leaders remains that all three newspapers are at risk and will be for some
time.

113



ALLEGED 15~MILLION NAIRA FRAUD IN ABUJA

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Jan 85 p 16

[Article by Mike Reis]

[Text]

cso:

THE case of alleged 15

tillion Naira fraud preferred
against the former Adminis-

ator of the Federal Capital.

Territory, Abuja, Alhajj Ibra-

“him Majidadi and 39 others

will soon be transferred to
the Abuja High Court-for trial.

This indication. was given. .

yesterday by a-Legal Officer in
the Justice Department of the

Vinistry of Federal Capital ~
Territory, Mr. ‘Moses Abel, ©

when the case came up for
hearing before the Garki Chief
Magistrate's Court.

Mr. Abet told the court tnat the
Jastice Deparment was conside-
ring terminating the preliminary
investigation in the case already
sta before tne court and
transferring the case to the High
Court for direct trial. _

He told the court that normal
processes of transferring the
case to the High Court. were now
in progress and asked for an ad-
jpurnment to enable the Justice

3400/495

60

Department to formalise the
transfer.

Counsel to the accused persons
drew the attention of the court to
the prolonged delay in the hear-
ing of the case and urged the
court to grant a short adjourn-

The counsel urged the court to
tule that if by the next adjourn-
ment the prosecution failed to
fransfer the case to. the High
Court, creliminary investigation
already started be continued.

The trial Magistrate, Alhaji
Mohammed Kusharki, upheld the
counsel's submission.

He expressed disappointment
at the delay in the hearing of the
case, adding: “It will be in the in-
terest of justice to speed up ac-
tion in this case since justice
delayed is justice denied.”

accused persons were
alleged to have between July and
August 1982 raised fictitious
vouchers for jobs not done and
converted the money accruing
from the vouchers to their own
we.
Hearing was fixed for
February 26, this year.

NIGERIA


JPRS-SSA-85~022
18 March 1985

STATE FARMS,‘ CO-OPS TO EXPAND. AT EXPENSE OF PRIVATE FARMS

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 24 Jan 85 pp 1, 10

[Text]

SOME 500 jobs will be created
on state farms to be set up on
Mahé and Praslin over the next
five years and a hundred
families will be encoyraged to
take garden farming, the Goy-
ernment has said. :

This is in addition to the 300
to 400 jobs that will become av-
ailable as 20 cooperative farms
are set up over the same
period.

Under the current National
Development Plan, crops will
be grown by large state farms,
including the islands managed
by the Islands Development
Company (IDC); producer
cooperatives; smal! private
farms; and household gardens.

But the bulk of agricultural
production will be done by the
state farms and the coope-
ratives

“The importance attachcd to
state farms and cooperatives
rests upon the possibilities they
provide for developing a new
relationship of (non-capitalist)
production and of producing
strictly according to national
plans and Government-deter-
mined priorities and targets,”
the Plan says.

It calls for 10 state farms of
about 50 hectares of cultivable
land each to be set up between
1985 and 1989. Each farm will
cost about R3.2 million and is

66

expected to take about three
years to stand on its own feet.
During that time, the Ministry
of National Development will
look after the farms, which will
eventually be turned into large
cooperatives

The state farms will maintain
and develop existing coconut
plantations and grow crops and
fruits for human consumption
and industrial use.

On the side of livestock, both
the farms and the cooperatives
will be used as licensed pig
breeding centres supplying ani-
mals for pork production or for
fattening by individuals. The
two types of farms will also rear
cattle to produce beef and
manure.

Another important role of
the state farms will be to pro-
vide training and work experi-
ence for agricultural students.

The Government does not
propose to increase the number
of small private farms. How-
ever improvements, such as re-
novating houses and providing
more or better facilities, will be
carried out on blockers’ small
holdings.’ Motivated blockers
will be given the best farms and
inefficient ones will be
rehoused.

Still smaller units of produc-
tion will be set up. Housing
plots of about half a hectare

SEYCHELLES


JPRS-SSA-85~022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

FARMERS ADVISED TO VACCINATE LIVESTOCK
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 4 Feb 85 p 5
[Article by Moagi Lefenya]

[Text] Mahalapye--Refusal by farmers to have their livestock vaccinated
against diseases was a negation of government policy of improving pastoral
farming, the Sefhare Sub-tribal Authority, Mr Oteng Suping has observed.

Mr Suping issued this warning following allegation by the livestock officer,
Mr Seipato Mosimane that farmers in the Sefhare area were reluctant to have
their cattle vaccinated against anthrax and blackleg or blackquarter.

The Sub-tribal Authority said such an attitude by the farmers was dis-
astrous because anthrax and blackquarter could wipe out their livestock.

According to the Livestock Officer, the reason they gave was that their
cattle had died in large numbers in 1983 after they were vaccinated against
the two diseases.

Mr Mosimane said that if farmers do not change their attitudes there was a
great danger of them losing their livestock and spreading the diseases to
other parts of the country.

He said the worst turnouts during vaccination campaigns were at Sefhare,
Moshopa and Mokokwane, where, not even a single cow was brought for vacci~
nation,

Some farmers who were at the Sefhare kgotla to sell cattle to an auctioneer
told A that they had no time to take their livestock to veterinary crushes
for vaccination because it was ploughing season.

The Livestock Officer had earlier warned the auctioneer not to buy cattle
which were not vaccinated against anthrax and blackquarter. BOPA

cso: 3400/634

11



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

PAMPHLETS URGE DEFLANCE-~Mbabane.--Police found a "large number" of hand-
written pamphlets scattered around the troubled Kwaluseni campus at the
Swaziland University, near Manzini, in the' early hours of Tuesday morning,

a reliable police souce said yesterday. The painphlets, calling on boycotting
students and staff to defy the government's order to return to classes or to
leave the campus, repeated previous demands for the readmission to the univer-
sity of 21 students refused readmission when the university reopened last Mon-
day. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Feb 85 p 13]

CSO: 3400/664

155



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PORT ELIZABETH POSSIBLE SITE OF TAIWANESE INDUSTRIAL PARK
Taipei Businessmen To Visit
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 28 Jan 85 pl
[Article by Trevor Bisseker]
[Text] Port Elizabeth could become the site of a Taiwanese industrial park
if a group of Taipei businessmen are suitably impressed by the city's poten-

tial when they visit South Africa in March.

The businessmen, representing several companies, also plan to establish a
major display and promotion centre.

This will be in Johannesburg, but the site for the industrial park—a fac-
tory complex in which space could be leased--will be decided only after
their visit to Durban, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town.

Judging from what I was told in Taipei by the men behind the scheme, Port
Elizabeth has an excellent chance of being chosen.

There is also great interest in building a hotel in the city.

"This will be our second visit to South Africa," said Mr Stephen Hsu, manag-
ing director of the Bee Industrial Corporation.

"Last time we didn't go to Port Elizabeth, but in November we were visited
in Taipei by a group led by your Mayor, Mr Ivan Krige, and he and the indus-
trial development officer, Mr Andre Crouse, greatly encouraged us.

"We were promised a lot of help with the site, and other concessions, so we
are going to see for ourselves.

"If it is good, our industrial park could be set up in Port Elizabeth."
The products likely to be manufactured are cutlery, plastic goods——from

inflatable boats and toys to moulded cups and kitchenware--luggage and
textiles.

94


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

GERMAN AID FOR RURAL PROGRAMS~-Gaborone--Botswana is to receive aid for Rural
Water Supply and the development of Rural Transport programmes from the
Federal Republic of Germany, according to an article in the German~African
Co-operation magazine--Afrika of last November. The article states that the
Federal Republic of Germany also plans to extend its credit aid to the
development of small and medium size firms in the agricultural and trade
sectors through the National Development Bank. "In the field of technical
cooperation, the German Government is mainly promoting technical training
and prospecting for raw materials by cooperating in geological activities
and in exploration for minerals," the article further states. It states
that special aid is being granted by the Federal Government to the drought-
stricken area of Botswana in the form of farm implements and seeds. The
Federal Republic of Germany, according to the magazine is also assisting

in advising firms in the agricultural and industrial sectors and is con-
tinuing to support road construction, notably by training technical
personnel. BOPA [Text] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jan

85 p 1]

BDC TAKES OVER FARMLAND--Gaborone--Botswana Development Corporation (BDC)
has this month taken over 300 hectares of farmland previously owned by the
Chobe Brigades and will this year begin agricultural projects on some of
that land. Mr Richard George, Physical Planner at BDC, has said BDC plans
to initially cultivate about 34 hectares of the land by planting a winter
crop of beans and possibly maize. Six to twelve months later BDC hopes to
cultivate another 40 hectares with vegetable and cereal crops, which would
pe sold locally and possibly to foreign markets. Long-term plans include
bush and tree crops (such as castor, citrus, pecan, bananas), which would
be grown on an experimental basis. The project is also intended to serve as
an example for local farmers, who would be able to see the results of modern
farming techniques, such as the contour ploughing and drip irrigation which
are expected to be introduced. An initial investment of P300,000 has been
made to refurbish and add to existing Brigades farm buildings and to buy
irrigation equipment and other agricultural implements. Mr David Finlay,
Permanent Secretary in Ministry of Agriculture, said that his Ministry felt
it best to give up the land, since the Chobe Brigades did not have manage-
ment and capital resources to handle it and since the research which BDC
plans to do will assist future Ministry of Agriculture projects. [By Linda
Pfotenhauer] [Excerpts] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jan 85

p 2]

16


Every second or third store is closed and barred, and those that still open
for business tend to be shops which offer some sort of service: watch
repairs or dress-making rather than goods or produce.

Abruptly, it all begins to press in upon the senses: the isolated, wildly
driven vehicles, the Frelimo troops in well-cut camouflage uniforms who
stroll the streets, the pot-holed tar and cracked and broken paving of the
sidewalks, the barren store fronts.

Abruptly you are reminded that this is infinitely more than just 10 years
of black communist rule, for Maputo is a city under siege.

The local residents, those who are able to secure their weekly ration of 20
litres of petrol, no longer travel further beyond the city limits than
Costa de Sol to the north or Matola to the west, a radius of about 10 kn,
for out there is the "resistencia," the MNR.

Catembe, across. the river-mouth to the south, is definitely unsafe and
though there is little public information about the war against the MNR, a
few days earlier Frelimo troops were seen returning to the city on the
Catembe ferry bringing their dead and wounded with them.

Undoubtedly, the resistencia is having a serious effect on the national
economy:

In Maputo food is being rationed according to the size of one's family.
Ration cards are required for the purchase of soap, rice, flour and many
other items, when they are available at all.

The Costa de Sol is no longer a place to take the kids for a Sunday picnic.
For that matter, the residents of Maputo no longer have access to Ponta
d'Oro in the south or any of the other traditional resorts where one could
escape the mid-summer heat and humidity of the city. The resistencia con-
trols it all.

Only Inhaca Island, 40 km across the bay, is still safe. But Inhaca is for
those with the money to pay for the hotel and the ski-boats to reach it.

The theory among the local residents of Maputo, supported by some senior
government: officials, is that the resistencia will not attempt to take the
cities of Mozambique, since they do not have the men or the means to hold
them. But many well-informed people in Maputo envisage something approach-
ing a Beirut-type situation if the MNR were to begin making disruptive night
attacks on the city limits.

If Maputo seems a city under siege, with more than just a feeling of anarchy
in the air, an extensive part of the infrastructure does still exist and
function, even if in somewhat mysterious ways. The postal service operates,
as do the telephones, the dental and medical clinics, political offices and
the state lottery.

45



the State refuses to disclose such reasons or the reasons are insufficient,
then the court has an inherent right arising from the new Constitution to
release that person. But will South African courts do so? The answer is
probably No!

Do the declared national goals have the force of law or not? My view is
they do, for three reasons:

(a) They embody the national goals or the wishes of all the peoples of the
country.

(b) To amend the preamble to the Act would require the putting into effect
of Section 99 of the Act.

(c) They are an indication of the Natural Laws applicable in South Africa
and therefore could be used by a judge in making a decision.

Thus, the courts could weigh any Act of Parliament against the stated
national goals in revelant circumstances. But the chances of this happen-
ing are nil.

The decision as to whether the Republic of South Africa is a dictatorship

or a democracy lies not in Parliament but in our courts. Can they shake
themselves out of the moral lethargy which they have created? The first
step is to abandon the institution of advocates, the Bar, and choose judges
from a wider section of the population, either by vote or by an independent
body. As a member of the New Republic Party I will attempt to influence the
party into accepting and adopting this standpoint.

(The writer would be happy to have his name published but is prevented from
doing so by the rules of the Transvaal Law Society.)

cso: 3400/630

90


JOINT MILITARY EXERCISES WITH FRANCE

Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE ‘in English Jan 85 p 10 so

[Text]

“+= “eMilitary ” exércisés. The French- *

» Ivory ‘Coast military exercises named.
Comoe 84 ended November 30 at
“Yamoussoukro with 4 parade.” They

© bégarr Novembér 23: .Lt-Gen Mictiel

du Payrat participated in the, exercises

"General ‘Zezé *Batouan.- Thesé *
“exercisé’s, the most*important’so ‘far,
involved 5000 men and impressive
mi tary materiel. The preceding
exercises took place three years ago in
the Touba region in the northwestern
part of the country. This time, they
took place in the Yamoussoukro area
as well as at Dimbokro, about 200km
north of Abidjan.

Member countries of the Non-
aggression and Defence Aid
Agreement — Burkina Faso, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo
— were invited to send observers.

In Serebou the warring forces made
use of their strategies to bring the
situation under control. Carmen units
— that is the enemy — crossed the
Comoe in the north by surprise: the
Greens, the Ivorian troops, who know
the field, organised their defence in
order to stop the enemy from
advancing after crossing the Comoe
River in four places. Without any air
cover, the Greens succeeded in
repelling the enemy from three
directions. They used anti-aircraft
guns.

Then Marines were deployed around
Bassam in order to prevent the enemy
from reaching Abidjan.

‘On the third day there was optimism
in the ranks of the Greens who seemed
to have stopped the enemy, whose

cso: 3400/622

28

JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

IVORY COAST

fa pha beng othe sb at

objective was to’ capture Abidjan and >

Yamoussoukro. .
The naval aspect — called Operation
‘Belier — of Comore 84 ‘ended :

November 28. It.involved four vessels
including the Ivorian vessels Elephant
and Intrepide, the latter playing the.
role of the énemy vessel. tobe’
destroyed. French vessels: participing » . ;
were the helicopter carrier (landing . 7
ship) Orage and the Amyot d’Inville
frigate.

French chief of staff General Lacaze
attended these operations and went on
to Mauritania in December.

L’Orage L 9022 left Abidjan
December 2. [t had been in Abidjan
since November 20 and reached Dakar
December 7. The Amyot d’Inville had
arrived November 25, the date when
the Bidassoa left for Douala, which it
reached on November 28. Amyot
d'Inville docked at Freetown
December 5.

L'Orage brought 300 men (100
seamen, including 72 of the Jaubert
Commando unit, and 200 men mainly
belonging to the RIMA unit, but also
to the Sth RAC, the 28th RT and the
9th RCS) and 600 tons of materiel (two
Super-Frelon helicopters, four Puma
helicopters. two Gazelle ‘helicopters,
two Alouette helicopters and 80
vehicles). In addition to forces from the
ivory Coast, the operation included
deployment of the 43rd BIMA unit
stationed in Abidjan, a company from
the 6th BIMA from Libreville, units
from France, in particular a squadron
from the 3ist brigade, and a Jaguar
unit,



JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

NORTH KOREAN PRESS PRAISE--The vigorous recovery of the Zairian economy can
be seen from here to Southeast Asia. North Korean weekly LES NOUVELLES DE
PYONGYANG reports in its Saturday November 24 issue that after years of
isolation Zaire is now beginning an upward economic trend and is striving
to increase its industrial and agricultural output. LES NOUVELLES DE
PYONGYANG further states that this initial recovery is especially character-
ized by the construction of new factories for processing foodstuffs in
several regions of the country, development of new mining deposits and

the modernization of existing mining equipment. This has given rise in
the yield of copper, diamonds, cobalt, manganese and uranium. The Zaire
Executive Council has invested a great deal of money to completing a
recovery plan developed to increase cereal-grain production. This was

the thrust behind the shift in agriculture, now considered a top priority
but formerly dominated by tropical crops (coffee, coconuts, and bananas)
emphasis is on cereal grains. In just the past few years, says the report,
Zaire's Executive Council has planted thousands of hectares of rice-fields
around Kinshasa and around other major cities in the country. The North
Korean capital's weekly concludes with the observation that it was with
unswerving confidence in their future that the people of Zaire celebrated
their national day on 24 November, marking the 19th anniversary of the

new regime in Zaire. [Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 22-23 Dec 84 p 8]
6182

CSO: 3419/262

163



NEW GOVERNMENT SCHEME TO TRAIN BLACKS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 8 Feb 85 p2

[Article by Ali Mphaki]
[Text]

“THE Government is to spend more
than R336 000 on a new scheme for
blacks to be. trained as artisans
while receiving allowances ) during
training.

The scheme will kick off with a
batch of 56 trainees in May at the
Chamdor Training Centre in Krugers-
dorp, in what is seen as a major break-
through for blacks as the scheme had
been opened only for whites, coloured
and Indians in the past. .

The minimum educational require-
ment is Standard Six, and it does not
mean those with higher qualifications
cannot be eligible for the scheme.

After 12 months of intensive train-
ing, a trainee will be placed in employ-
ment with an approved employer for
two years of in-service training.

A trainee with no dependants will

receive R48.a week, a married one will

cso: 3400/625

‘receive R60 a week, while a trainee

with a wife and one child or more will
receive R70 a week.

There will also be transport allow-
ance and meals will be sold at a mini-
mum price.

“Trainees will have to travel daily
to the centre as there are no hostels,
but the situation will be changed next
year as we will be using the Manu
Tectinical School in Molapo, Soweto,
where there are hostels,” assistant reg-

‘istrar Manpower Training, Mr Don

Moody, said.

Those interested can apply to be
bricklayers, plasterers, carpenters,
electricians, domestic appliance me-
chanics, motor mechanics, diesel me-
chanics or tractor mechanics. _

. Enquiries can be made at the West
Rand Development Board office at

‘New Canada or any office of the De-

partment of Manpower. Closing date

- for applications is February 28.

128

JPRS-SSA~85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

BOTSWANA

MORUPULE POWER STATION READY IN 1986
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 10 Jan 85 pl
[Article by Daphne Moalosi]

{Text] Gaborone--The multi-million Pula Central Power Station at Morupule
still has almost two more years of construction.

The power plant will be completed next year in October. The plant will give
power in three stages beginning April of next year. That is the first unit
of electricity will be used in April while the second and third units will
be in July and October respectively.

This was said by Mr William Brown, the project engineer of the Botswana
Power Corporation, in an interview with BOPA this week.

According to Mr Brown, all the preliminary civil works, which include road
and rail access and initial accommodation for construction staff had been
completed.

The main civil contractors are well established with the necessary plant and
machinery.

Work is continuing on the main foundations for the boiler house, turbine
hall and other related buildings.

Mr Brown told BOPA that the 220kw power transmission lines which connect the
power station to the Botswana Power Corporation's existing southern and
northern divisions have been completed and are scheduled for commissioning
in the first quarter of this year.

The transmission lines will be used to transmit power from the main plant
to this units when the plant comes into operation.

The turbines and conveyor equipment have already been delivered to the site,
he said.

The Wellfield, which incorporates ten production wells is located some 40
kilometres north of Serowe near Paje and Mabeleapodi. It has been completed

12


S.D. There is a problem, however: we noticed a number of non~
Nigeriens at the site in question. Does it seem proper to you
that foreigners be allowed to make free with our country's
riches?

S.K.: The presence of foreigners on the site cannot be considered
proper, but it is understandable inasmuch as it is these very
aliens who are most skilled in the techniques of placer mining.
For most Nigeriens, with the exception of those who have worked

in the research teams that covered the region, these are new
techniques they will have to learn.

S.D.: We also noticed that the biggest buyers of gold nuggets

at the mine were non-Nigeriens who had come especially for that
purpose. Aren't they required, for example, to declare what they
have bought at customs, unless they pay duty, before they can take
the product out of the country?

S.K.: Foreigners or not, mine operations are subject to certain
tax conditions (PL 74-22, enacted on 6 April 1974)

requiring the payment of certain fees and taxes (fixed duty,and a
superficiary and ddvadlorem royalty) as well as exit duties.

As a consequence, should the state, for exceptional reasons, tole-
rate this kind of activity on the part of its nationals, the mas-
sive presence of foreign nationals might well pose serious prob-
lems.

S.D. You are no doubt going to say that this has to do with your
colleague in the Health Ministry, but even so, we are going to
ask you the question: Isn't it prudent to have a medical team
there, where there some 20,000 people living in very.crowded and
unenviable health conditions?

S.K.: It is certain that if the state allows this mining, urgent
measures must be taken in several areas:

-- In connection with the mine itself: monitoring and organiza-
tion of the operation;

-- at the security level, the gathering of individuals from so
many disparate backgrounds certainly poses serious problems. It
becomes necessary to send police forces to these places to main-
tain. order;

-- in the matter of health and hygiene, it is clear that a con-
centration of 20,000 people calls for the presence of a medical
unit.

All these arrangements are costly, and, one way or another, the
state must dip into its coffers.

56


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GKSA POLICY CHANGES TO GIVE BLACKS EQUAL SAY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Jan 85 p 16

[Text] The difference in approach to the racial question by the Nederduitse
Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK) and the Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika (GKSA) had
until two weeks ago been a subtle one.

The NGK, the largest and most influential Afrikaans church, has different
churches for members of different colours. The GKSA, the smallest Afrikaans
church but also not without influence, has what it calls one structure-—but
different synods for different races.

The GKSA has rested somewhat smugly on its claim that it is one church, not
divided along racial lines. But every three years, when the (white) national
synod met and discussed and decided policy of the GKSA, it was crystal clear
that it was whites who decided the church policy. The general synod--where
all four synods met--was never taken seriously.

But this month's national synod has seen the beginnings of significant changes
which will affect not only church structure but church policy as a whole with
regard to the complexity of the South African situation.

Considered to be theologically the soundest of the three Afrikaans reformed
churches, the GKSA has bravely, calmly and unflinchingly for the most part,
dared to forge ahead on issues which still send its two sisters into the
laager (the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk) or into sharp conflict (the NGK).

A church which has its stronghold in the Transvaal (which is also the strong-
hold of the Conservative Party) is brave when it repeals its support for
territorial division or separation--even though the new policy statement has
been referred for reformulation and report back at the next synod.

In direct contrast with the NGK, the GKSA also decided to remain a member of
the Reformed Ecumenical Synod rather than back away from accusations and
criticisms on its role in South African society and politics.

The decision on mixed worship, including holy communion, that no one may be
excluded on grounds of race or colour, followed a day after it was decided
that these prickly criteria may also not be a factor in membership and that
the (white) GKSA pulpits were now open to black ministers.

125



"Before the advent of TV, the national Press was the quickest and most
interesting medium for conveying daily news events," said Mr Sid Gill,
Editor-in-Chief of Amalgamated Press, a group of local newspapers on the
East Rand.

"But with television all that changed and people can now see and hear the
news come alive in their homes.

"The same goes for advertising. No matter how silly we may think some the
{TV adverts are, it is a far more effective way of putting your message
across.

"People would much rather see five funny looking rugby players squeeze into
a car than read about it," Mr Gill said.

Mr Vosloo: “Additional threats to the survival of the newspaper industry
have emerged with the new television channel and the local or regionalised
radio services.

“They will now be able to go to the corner cafe and take away advertising
once available to old established local newspapers.

"In our collective wisdom, the major publishing companies have decided to
apply for cable television rights. It is a foot in the electronic media
door but I doubt it has come in time to save all our daily newspapers,"
the Nationale Pers boss added.

"Television took over the role of the big metropolitan dailies as distributors
of national news and advertising," said Mr John Allen of the South African
Society of Journalists (SASJ).

"Tt created a crisis for big dailies with regard to their role in this
respect," he added.

But does everyone agree that television is responsible for the current crisis?
“While television has certainly taken away much of the advertising that would
have come to the newspapers, I don't think we can blame TV as such for the
current crisis, though it is certainly a cause," argued Mr Peter McLean,
managing director of the newspaper division of Argus.

And the South African Broadcasting Corporation certainly don't agree.

"The SABC have always held the point of view that we did not take a large
slice of the advertising cake away from newspapers, we made the cake bigger

when TV went commercial," an SABC spokesman said.

"The printed media is, however, a field in which we are not experts and thus
do not want to make too many comments."

Advertising revenue figures for the period 1980 to 1982 make interesting
reading in this regard.

109



"The battle for the Sunday market is a classic example. How could the Argus
Company possibly justify putting another newspaper into a market that already
contained at least six major newspapers?

"The logical thing to have done would have been to extend the SUNDAY TRIBUNE,"
Mr Mazwai said.

"They could have increased the size of the Johannesburg office, then printed
it here and in Durban without straining the advertising and reader market
too much.

"All the resources which went into establishing the SUNDAY STAR could have
been put to better use."

He added that the decision to launch a SUNDAY STAR was motivated by an
obsession for extra profits.

"It has now led to the situation where the Argus sits with the problem of
having to retrench staff--it's tragic," Mr Mazwai added.

As was the case with the TV factor, not everyone agrees there are too many
newspapers.

"As far as journalists are concerned, there could never be too many news—
papers," said Mr Allen of the SASJ.

"The more newspapers the better. It allows for a wider range of opinion and
freedom of speech," he added.

"But what is not in anyone's interests is to have all the big newspapers
controlled by too few people and this is what has happened.

"We need control of the newspapers to be spread as wide as possible."

The other major cause of the crisis was the failure to predict what lay
around the corner.

"It is not only the economic pressure of the present time which is forcing
newspapers to take the kind of action they are taking," said VADERLAND editor
Mr Pakendorf.

"The actions being taken now should have been taken some time ago and perhaps
that would have prevented what is happening.

"The shift of afternoon newspapers to the morning has also hurt the industry
and there are bound to be further casualties as a result," he added.

The SABC were apparently able to predict what would happen early this year.

"We began with a rationalisation programme of personnel and services last
year as a result of the economic climate," the SABC spokesman said.

411



Mgwali Residents Fear Removal
(Kin Bentley; EVENING POST, 5 Feb 85) cece cece eesceeeecens 139

Government Moves to Equal: But Separate’ Education
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Feb 85) cee ee cece eee cee ee ceecnceeceeees L4L

Vaal Body Formed To Give Aid to Residents
(SOWETAN, 11 Feb 85). ....ccccececsscccceceeesseseeescsecsees 142

Anti-Sasol Action Looms
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 12 Feb 85) vce e eee cecccteeceeeeecs 143

Siemens Workers Stage Work Stoppage

(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 13 Feb 85)...ccccesccecccecceeece 144

Union Considering Legal Action Against Rand Mines
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 13 Feb 85)....ccecceecceecceeceee 145

Ekangala Township To Join Kwandebele Homeland
(SOWETAN, 13 Feb 85)... .cecccccceccccceescccsececcesscceses 146

Mine Workers Down Tools at Rietspruit
(Joshua Raboroka; SOWETAN, 14 Feb 85).....ccceceeceecececees 147

Shackleton Aircraft Withdrawn From Service
(AFRICAN DEFENCE, No 53, Jan B5) cee ceec cer eccceceeeecceeces 148

Country May Be Forced To Build Own Jet Fighters
(THE STAR, 26 Jan 56 a)

Settlers Swell SADF Ranks
(EVENING POST, 30 Jan 85) eee ce cece eee ce cece cscvcsceceseeece 150

Briefs
Battery Plant 151
Cessna Crash at Swartkop 151
Aviation Exhibition 151
New Shooting Range 151
Nuclear Dumping Opposed 151
Bishops’ Report 151
Special Force 152
Work on New Township 152
DWP Still Intact 152
Strike Averted at OK Bazaars 152
Leasehold Rights 152
PAC in Nigeria 153
Buthelezi Criticized 153
Strike at Pilkington 153
Eight Hundred Change Races 154


JPRS-SSA-85-022
18 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STRONGER COURTS NEEDED TO ENFORCE DEMOCRACY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jan 85 p12

[Text] The decision as to whether South Africa is a dic-
tatorship or a democracy lies not in Parliament but in
the courts, argues a Johannesburg attorney. He suggests
how the courts "can shake themselves out of the moral
lethargy which they have created."

What is meant by the sovereignty of Parliament in South Africa? Does this
mean that Parliament can pass any law it likes and the court of South Africa
will enforce it? Does the South African Parliament have carte blanche to do
as it pleases?

"The tradition in discussing Parliament's legal omnipotence is to test state-
ments that are extreme to the point of absurdity... Now let us suppose that
in some psychotic future the Parliament were to enact the following measures:
(1) That all the persons then members of the Parliament’ should henceforth

be free from the restraint of any laws whatever, and should be authorised to
rob, kill and rape without legal penalty; surely it is difficult to imagine
any solicitor advising his client, after consulting Dicey, that 'as a matter
of strict law' the rampaging and ravishing MPs were within their legal
rights... At some point we take leave of the gravitational field within
which the distinction between law and not-law makes sense."--Lon L. Fuller,
"The Morality of Law," revised edition 1973.

I submit that in the Republic of South Africa that point is reached where any
existing or future law made by Parliament does not comply with Natural Law
and/or the declared national goals of the Constitution Act. (Natural Law
means the unwritten rules of conduct which automatically arise between people
in group or community surroundings.)

South Africa has a Westminster type of parliamentary sovereignty, but ‘that
sovereignty has Natural Law limitations and limitations imposed by the
declared goals of the Constitution Act; however, only our courts can enforce
these limitations on our parliamentary sovereignty, but will they do so? The
answer is probably No.

The weakness of our courts arises from two reasons:

88


again.MNR operations, éVen by ‘the:standards of
irregular ‘guerrilla harassment, are of alow order,
‘which should’ not give Frelimo’s-counter-insurgency
“forces any cause for congratulation. «; °/'' =
But the MNR cannot'be dismissed as unprincipled
“bandits” with no political idedtogy afid'no ‘genuine
popular support. It is short on the guerrilla’s essen-
‘: tial quota of ideological fervour, and«Machel is the
only politician who enjoys public affection, but the
MNR’s policy of intimidating foreigners petceived
to be propping up Frelimo bears a hallmark closer to
that of the Irish Republican Army than disorganized
banditry. A foreign doctor working in‘a health clinic
in Maputo was traced to his home: address’ and‘given
**" notice to leave the country,” although *he is*married
toa Mozambican. When thé time’ limit expifed his
house was ransacked and burnt. His patie
have been warned off him; all of ‘this withi
Maputo.
South’ Africa acknowledges that the MNi
“sent in South Africa inthe fortn of shadow
~* guese-speaking’ businessmen"(AC Vol"
former residents’ of Mozambique, whi
compensation for confiscated propérty ‘or to ‘resume
* their careers under a goveriiment more ‘congenial to
v private enterprise - i.¢. their own governiient (under
““MNR colours) or a Machel-MNR coalition. ‘Their
earlier’ stance that’ Machel’ anid Frelimo’ Would ‘have
“ ‘to step down has been shifted to‘allow the possibility
that "Machel could remain Head of ste ‘with the
" MNR holding’ specified key portfolios.
* The projection of the “‘néw” MNR as Tittle wmore
“than an. unorthodox but’ well tioned ‘Political
’ Jobby working for liberal reforriis does tiot “square
with the brutality against civilian targets.“
would be a rationale, however distasteful
of terror to drive away potential’ inves
national aid agencies and’ foreign ad’
combined efforts might give’ Machel thé i
soldier on without making any conééssionsTM “to the
MNR. If that were so, the logicat ‘progression would
be an intensification’ of terror’ attack3-on'*Ma
* and ‘the provincial capitals. Thé''realizatioti that it
+ ‘was being frozen out’ by Pretoria‘might pérsudde the
~MNR to force its own’ deal ‘independetitly © onto
- “Machel with, perhaps, asharp inortar bombardment
~ on the capital, the frying pan front ‘which; the MNR
“2° claims, all escape routes are under MNR'€6fitrol. It
“appears to have the weaponry “and is certaiiily ithi:
range of the outskirts*if not ‘the céntre oft

, (The MNR has carried, out a brief mortar attack ona
compound at the Moatize coal mine in Tete province
where East Germans live behind an. electrified fence
topped with searchlights which they erected:themsel-
ves.) . . vet cath b

33



Development, who were led by Deputy Minister Sam de Beer. The councillors
were led by their mayor Mr Noel Mlokoti. Another major announcement. made
at the Press conference by Mr de Beer was that the Government was investi-
gating possibilities of making blacks permanent residents in their respec-
tive places of abode. The investigation, he added, could result in blacks
acquiring freehold rights. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

14 Feb 85 p 2]

PAC IN NIGERIA--Ihe Nigerian government last weekend met with a Pan
Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) delegation, led by its chairman Mr Nyati
John Pokela. The four-man delegation briefed the Major-General Muhammed
Buhari, head of State and Federal Military Government of Nigeria, on the
current situation in South Africa, destabilisation of independent states in
southern Africa and problems encountered by the liberation movements. The
PAC delegation also held talks with Nigeria's Southern African Relief Fund
and the director-general and other officials of the Nigerian Institute of
International Affairs in separate meetings. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN
in English 15 Feb 85 p 2]

BUTHELEZI CRITICIZED--Harare--KwaZulu leader Chief Gatsha Buthelezi has been
slammed by a leading Zimbabwe newspaper as a "sell-out" and a stooge, for his
stand in opposing sanctions against South Africa and supporting the Reagan
Administration policy of constructive engagement. The SUNDAY MAIL said in
an editorial that the Chief was a "slave propping up and advocating his
continued slavery." Accusing Chief Buthelezi of behaving in the "true style
of accomplished stooges," the paper commented that it was "quite clear,

from his strangely sycophantic language, that Buthelezi is afraid of libera-
tion." It added: "He is enjoying his slave status in the land of his birth.
He loves the crumbs falling from his master's table, and the dubious status
of a big Gatsha frog in the small KwaZulu pond." [Text] [Johannesburg
SOWETAN in English 12 Feb 85 p 7]

STRIKE AT PILKINGTON--More than 540 employees of Pilkington Tiles in Meyerton
yesterday went on strike over several issues, including wages and demanding
an urgent meeting with the company's chairman who is visiting South Africa
from overseas. The workers said that they were promised two pay increases--
one in June and one in December last year--and management has failed to ful-
fill its promises. They have also been working shorter hours and this has
affected their pay packets. They asserted that following the two day stay
away from work their bosses have forced them to work shorter hours because
they wanted to retrench them. The company has refused them permission to
meet Mr A. N. Smit who is the company's chairman from Great Britain. The
workers' grievances are: Management's delaying tactics to recognise the
Building and Construction Workers' Union; threatening to dismiss workers who
belong to the trade unions; no channel of communication and low wages. The
company's manager, Mr D. B. Curran, said they were prepared to increase the
workers' pay, but in the light of the economic situation they could not
meet the workers’ demands in full. Referring to the union rights, he said
they were holding talks with the union on the possibility of recognition.

He also said that there was misunderstanding on meeting and talking to

Mr Smit. He hoped to resolve the matter soon. Meanwhile more than 500

153



A delegation went to see an official of the Ciskei Government, but according
to Mr William Lootz, of Tamboekeisvlei, they were given to understand that
the Ciskei had no interest in their remaining on the land. "We were told
it was not their policy to make provision for coloureds."

Meanwhile, the uncertainty is already disrupting the community's life. Many
are not ploughing their land anymore, because they fear they may have to
leave before they can reap their crops.

"We don't have vegetables any more," said Mrs Nora Lootz. "I am ashamed to
sit here with the house looking like this." °

Some residents have drifted away to Fort Beaufort, Queenstown, Aliwal North
or even Johannesburg. "The Government hopes we will all go so they won't
have to worry about us," said Mr Lootz.

If they have to move, the residents want to be given land in a rural area
where they can continue to live together as a community.

Mr Lootz said: "The Government must make provision for us. We want to live
like we do here. We don't want to live in a township."

However, in March, 1983, the Deputy Minister of Development and Land Affairs,
Mr Hennie van der Walt, said in Parliament there was "no provision under which
the SA Development Trust or the Department of Co-operation and Development
could make land available to persons other than blacks."

He said then the matter had been passed on to the Department of Internal
Affairs.

In June, 1983, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr F. W. de Klerk, said in
answer to a parliamentary question that there was no farming land available
to resettle the community.

Since then, the residents have turned to their church, the Dutch Reformed
Mission Church and have asked it to look around for a farm where they could
settle. A delegation from Hertzog visited farms near Alexandria and Mossel
Bay. .

The Rev Murphy Maart, the congregation's minister, said the church was
investigating various possibilities. In any. event, the residents are unsure
whether they will get permission from the Government to buy farmland in a‘
white area.

The Rev Chris Drake, who serves the Congregational Church members of the
area, said about 50 people from Philipton had already put down their names
for houses in Newtown, Fort Beaufort's coloured township, but there was a
housing shortage there.

"In 1981 we asked for 100 houses to be built, but there is still no sign of
the Government making funds available," said Mr Drake, who is also chairman
of the Fort Beaufort Coloured Management Committee.

120


"We have the money--the Taiwan Government would not be involved--but we will
pe looking for assistance of the type Mr Crouse mentioned on behalf of the
City Council," said Mr W. T. Yang, president of Hwa Nan Plastics and many
other companies.

"perhaps the city can be our partners," he said. "We want everyone to bene-
fit, not only ourselves."

Hwa Nan Plastics is the biggest manufacturer of inflatable products in Asia
and it already has wide markets in the United States and Europe.

What did he envisage as the initial investment?

"Well, it's difficult to say without knowing the cost of the land and con-
struction," said Mr Yang. "It could be five million US dollars, or $3
million, or perhaps more, to start the project."

Mr Yang is also the man behind the hotel idea. He has in mind a good-
quality but not luxury hotel with Chinese and Western-style restaurants.

Mr Yang and Mr Hsu will be accompanied on their visit by two or three other
businessmen, including representatives of the Pei-Lin Luggage Co, which is
already exporting to South Africa, and the Singer Cutlery Co.

Mr Yang said that once the factory complex was established, he was confi-
dent other Taiwan companies would be eager to join the project by perhaps
leasing space in the "industrial park."

Mr Hsu said the first objective would be to satisfy the South African market,
put a second stage was already envisaged, namely to export from the South
African plant.

Asked about employment prospects, Mr Hsu said the promoters would obviously
have to bring their own technical experts to get the factories going, but the
intention was to use local labour and train them for the skilled tasks.

He showed me through the vast Hwa Nan Plastics factory, which has four floors
and employs about 1,000 people. Many of the workers were youths and girls
aged from 16 to 19.

"yes, some workers’ are young," said Mr Hsu. "In fact, they are students who
study at our company's high school, which is a joint venture with the
Government.

"They go to school for some of the time and work some of the time. They
live in dormitories at the factory free of charge and of course also receive
a salary. When they finish schodl, !they are obliged to work for the company
for three years."

Mr Hsu said it was hoped that Chinese workers would be able to live in
premises at the industrial park.

95



Mozambique unless it can play the game according to
recognizable capitalist rules. Although Mozambique
has heavily re-written its economic policies, abolish-
ing unwieldy monstrosities like the state-run
“People’s Shops’, some of the old revolutionary
dogma lingers, ‘in spite of its official burial at Fre-
limo’s Fourth Party Congress (AC Vol 24 No 14).
On the island of Inhaca, for instance, where the
government has a joint venture with South African
business interests to revive a tourist hotel, all the
hotel staff from chefs to cleaners receive the same
pay - about enough, over a month, to pay for a
new pair of trousers.

It has come of something as a shock to South
Africans, who tend to look on Mozambique as part
of their backyard, that foreign companies bigger and
richer than their own may be willing to take a gamble
on Mozambique. Lonrho, for example, has had
discussions about rebuilding the tourist industry and
managing agricultural concessions. It is the realiz-
ation that other potential investors may not insist on
the expulsion of the Eastern bloc that has persuaded
South Africa that it too may have to learn to live
with a ‘‘Marxist’’ presence, as long as it is nominal
rather than executive.

The possibility that the lurking Eastern presence
in Mozambique may evolve into Soviet or Cuban
ground troops in large enough numbers to prevent
the MNR from overthrowing Frelimo is the sharp
shock that has pushed Pretoria’s attitude towards
Machel through the full circle. He must not be
forced into seeking Soviet aid, it is said in Pretoria,
even if in the last resort South Africa has to launch
a large-scale military operation in Mozambique on
Machel’s behalf.

But it is extremely doubtful that the white South
African electorate, which knows that a large number
of its national servicemen are. more or less per-
manently in Angola or Namibia, would accept
another foreign commitment. Consequently the unit
earmarked for operations in Mozambique is the so-
called ‘Buffalo Battalion’’, predominantly black
veterans of Holden Roberto’s Angolan FNLA (Por-
tuguese-speakers) and the pre-independence Rho-
desian Army. Parts of this unit, with a reputation
for ferocity and currently at very much more than
battalion strength - it might be 4,000 strong - have
already been moved from the western (Angolan)
border to within striking distance of Mozambique.

If the Buffalo Battalion is sent into Mozambique,
and some of them might already have been in to
look around, ‘its first operation is likely to be a
sweep through Manicaland, particularly through the
area carrying the power lines from Caborra Bassa
to the Transvaal. Since Nkomati the MNR has blown
up pylons with contemptuous frequency, at least 29

36