# Patent

## Title
Wideband code division multiple access user equipment for receiving multimedia broadcast/multicast service

## Abstract

A wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) user equipment (UE) for receiving a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS). The UE comprises an MBMS receiver configured to receive data of an MBMS service over one of a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH) or a dedicated channel. After the reception of the data of the MBMS service over the one of the S-CCPCH or dedicated channel, configured to receive data of the MBMS service over the other of the S-CCPCH or dedicated channel.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/637,022, filed Aug. 7, 2003, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/402,161 which was filed on Aug. 7, 2002, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.


FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to wireless communication systems. In particular, the present invention relates to channel switching and scheduling of multimedia broadcasts and multicast services in such systems.
BACKGROUND
There is a growing desire to use multimedia broadcasts/multicast services (MBMS) in wireless communication systems. For a particular MBMS, a given cell in the network may have none, one or multiple users, wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), subscribed to that MBMS. As users migrate between cells, a cell that may originally have one or no users subscribed to the service may at a later point have multiple subscribed users. Conversely, a cell that may at one point have multiple subscribed users may at another time have only one or no users.
This migration of the users can create inefficient use of radio resource. If only one or a few users are subscribed to the MBMS in the cell, it may be desirable to support the service using dedicated channels to the users. The dedicated channels can utilize power control and beam steering to reduce the amount of radio resources utilized to support the MBMS.
However, if many users are subscribed to the MBMS in the cell, the multiple dedicated channels in total may use considerable radio resources. In such a situation, a more optimal use of the radio resources may be to send the MBMS data over a common/shared channel to a set of users subscribed to that MBMS. Although the use of beamsteering and power control in such situations is limited, the reduction in the number of total channels may reduce the used radio resources. As the number of MBMS users in the cell changes, an original choice of using either a common/shared channel or a dedicated channel may not be optimal at a later time.
Another potential problem resulting from user migration is MBMS scheduling. As a MBMS user moves between cells, that user needs to reconstruct the MBMS service from information received from both cells. If both cells synchronize their MBMS transmissions, the MBMS user can seamlessly move between the cells. However, such a scenario is typically not practical and undesirable. At certain time intervals based on the cell's loading and available resources, a cell may have more available resources to support the MBMS transmission than at another time. As a result, at that time, it is desirable for that cell to transmit a large amount of the MBMS data. For another cell at that same time interval, resources to support the same MBMS bandwidth may not be available. As a result, it may be desirable to schedule the MBMS transmissions differently between the cells, to better utilize such resources. As the MBMS user moves between cells, the new cell that the user has moved into may have transmissions either ahead or behind the other cell's transmissions. As a result, the MBMS user may miss MBMS data or needlessly receive redundant MBMS data.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have better resource utilization for MBMS.
SUMMARY
A wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) user equipment (UE) for receiving a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS). The UE comprises an MBMS receiver configured to receive data of an MBMS service over one of a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH) or a dedicated channel. After the reception of the data of the MBMS service over the one of the S-CCPCH or dedicated channel, configured to receive data of the MBMS service over the other of the S-CCPCH or dedicated channel.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for use in MBMS channel switching.
FIG. 2 is a radio access network using MBMS channel switching.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for coordinating reception of a MBMS transmission from multiple sources using in band segmentation information.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for coordinating reception of a MBMS transmission from multiple sources using out of band segmentation information.
FIG. 5 is a WTRU for receiving MBMS information using in band segmentation information.
FIG. 6 is a WTRU for receiving MBMS information using out of band synchronization information.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
Although the preferred embodiments are described in conjunction with a third generation partnership program (3GPP) wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) system, the embodiments are applicable to any wireless system using MBMS. Hereafter, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes but is not limited to a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for channel switching for a MBMS. In a particular cell, the number of WTRUs subscribed to the service is determined or estimated, step 20. Typically, this information is known. Using the number of WTRUs in the cell and/or other cell information, such as information on cell conditions, available cell resources, etc., a choice of whether dedicated channels, a common/shared channel or both are used, step 22. After the channel choice is made, the MBMS data is mapped to the corresponding channel(s), step 24. One possible approach to determine which type(s) of channels should be used is a threshold test. If below a certain threshold number of WTRUs are in the cell, dedicated channels are used. The dedicated channels allow for power control and transmit diversity techniques to be employed. These techniques are highly desirable when high data rate MBMS transfers are made, to efficiently use the available resources.
If the number of WTRUs exceed the threshold, a common/shared channel is used, such as a shared channel, a high speed shared channel or a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH). A shared channel or high speed shared channel can be used to transfer the MBMS data to multiple WTRUs simultaneously. The S-CCPCH can be used to broadcast the MBMS data to multiple users. Typically, the shared/common channels are less radio resource efficient.
In an alternate embodiment, a two threshold scheme may be used. If the number of MBMS subscribed WTRUs in the cell are below a first threshold, dedicated channels are used. If the number is between a first and second threshold, a shared or high speed shared channel is used. If the number exceeds the second threshold, a common channel is used to broadcast the MBMS.
Under certain circumstances, it may be desirable to use both shared and dedicated channels to support an MBMS. To illustrate, many subscribing WRTUs may be located together, such as at a train station, and a few or a single WTRU may be outside of the train station. In such a situation, the most efficient use of cell resources to support the MBMS may be to allocate a shared channel to the train station WTRUs and a dedicated channel to the other WTRU. As the number of users in a cell changes, the cell conditions change or periodically, the channel choice is repeated using the new information, step 26.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a preferred radio access network (RAN) for performing channel switching. The RAN is managed by a serving radio network controller (S-RNC) 30 which manages the user's services and the controlling radio network controller (C-RNC) 34 which manages the physical resources of the cells. Signaling procedures which provide the coordination needed between the S-RNCs 30 and the C-RNCs 34 for proper operation of the RAN are utilized.
A channel switching entity (MBMS channel switching device 36) determines which channels to use, such as dedicated, shared or the common, for MBMS transmission and it also coordinates reception of the MBMS with the WTRUs 401 to 40N (40). The MBMS data is sent to the WTRUs 40 via the Node-B 38.
A preferred implementation of the channel switching is as follows. A first WTRU 40 subscribed to the MBMS can enter and exit cells autonomously with respect to the activation and distribution of the MBMS service. When the MBMS is first established for the first WTRU 40 or a small number of users within a particular cell, dedicated channels are established with a unique radio link (RL) indicator that identifies the MBMS service. A second WTRU 40 that wishes to utilize another MBMS will have a different dedicated channel assigned to that user. When the RL is established for each user, a unique MBMS indicator is signaled from the S-RNC 30 to the C-RNC 34. This MBMS indicator is unique to each service provided to the user. The C-RNC 34 maintains a database of all users currently active for a particular MBMS service and this group is known as the MBMS user group.
The data for each active MBMS service is distributed to the C-RNC 34 from the core network 28 via the MBMS data stream. A unique identifier is associated with each MBMS data stream allowing the C-RNC 34 to associate the data with the appropriate user or user group so the data can be properly routed. Depending on the number of active users for a particular MBMS service and cell conditions, the C-RNC 34 will determine if the service should be transmitted on dedicated or shared/common channels.
Since individual users autonomously enter and exit the cell, the switching between dedicated and common channels is dynamic and may occur during ongoing transmissions. Dynamic switching can be applied to the downlink shared channels (DSCH). Data can be sent on the DSCH to be received by a single user and is referred to as dedicated DSCH (D-DSCH) or by multiple users simultaneously and is referred to as common DSCH (C-DSCH). For a particular MBMS when there is only one user or a small number of users existing within the cell, the DSCH will be a D-DSCH to the user or users. When the number of users associated with a particular MBMS increases, a C-DSCH can be established for this MBMS user group.
When the first WTRU 40 becomes active within the cell, a D-DSCH is established to this first user. The MBMS transmission may not necessarily be continuously active. The transmission of the MBMS on the DSCH is indicated to the first WTRU 40 on an associated dedicated channel. This indication may be turned on and off on a transmission time interval (TTI) basis.
The C-DSCH may be physically identical to the D-DSCH. However, a distinguishing characteristic is that the signaling for the DSCH transmission for the individual user associated with a dedicated channel within the MBMS user group is that the transmission is synchronized. This allows all users in the MBMS user group to receive the common DSCH transmission. An indication may be signaled along with MBMS transmissions to indicate that the MBMS transmission is either dedicated to a particular user or common to the users in the MBMS user group. This allows for proper operation of power control techniques, transmit diversity or any other unique physical transmission attributes. The MBMS transitions between dedicated and common DSCH is preferably transparent to the WTRU 40.
In another embodiment, the channel switching is applied to the high speed DSCH (HS-DSCH). A difference between using the HS-DSCH instead of the DSCH is that rather than applying synchronized allocations in the C-RNC 34 on the associated dedicated channels, the synchronized allocations are provided on HS-DSCH control channels in Node-B 38.
In another embodiment, switching may be performed between the dedicated physical channels and common physical channels without the use of the associated dedicated channels. The channel switching between the dedicated channels to the common channels is explicitly signaled to each user. The RAN layer 3 protocols allow for procedures of signaling the radio frame to transition between the dedicated and the common channels. The signaling is performed by either signaling a radio frame for the transition or by signaling the transmission scheduling information.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are flow charts to allow for different cells and different inter-cell MBMS transmissions to be scheduled in different orders. To illustrate, a first cell may be able to transmit large amounts of MBMS data to WTRUs 40 in a radio frame that a second cell can not. As a result, MBMS transmission in the first cell may be one or multiple radio frames or TTIs ahead of the second cell.
To illustrate for inter-cell, within a cell, one group of users may be located in a train station and serviced by a common DSCH and another user within the same cell may be outside of the train station and be serviced by a dedicated channel or dedicated DSCH to take full advantage of beam forming and power control. Based on the DSCH loading and other factors, it may be desirable for transmissions to the train station WTRUs 40 to either lead or lag the outside WTRU transmissions. If a user of the outside WTRU 40 goes to the train station, it would most likely be desirable to switch that WTRU 40 to the common DSCH and disestablish the dedicated channel. In this scenario, the outside WTRU 40 may need to catch up to the transmissions on the common DSCH or allow those transmissions to catch up to the segments that the WTRU 40 already received.
To maintain continuous service distribution and make more efficient use of radio resources, the MBMS transmissions are preferably either segmented or scheduled so that users can receive elements of an MBMS service transmission in any order. As a result, the MBMS service transmissions do not have to be reinitiated in a cell upon a user entry to that cell or the user does not have to wait to synchronize with an existing MBMS service transmission.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for using in-band segmentation information to handle differing MBMS transmission orders either inter-cell or between cells. Along with the MBMS transmissions, segmentation information is sent along with the MBMS data, step 42. This segmentation information typically includes a segment identifier so that each receiving WTRU is aware of which segments that it has received. As a particular WTRU moves between MBMS transmission sources (between cells or switched channels), step 44, the WTRU can receive segments from the new MBMS source and reassemble the transmissions to recovery all the MBMS data, step 46.
FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a WTRU 40 for receiving the differing MBMS transmissions. The WTRU 40 receives the MBMS transmissions using an antenna 54. A MBMS receiver 56 receives the MBMS transmissions from the differing transmission sources, including the in band segmentation information. A segmentation information recovery device 58 recovers the segmentation information. Using the segmentation information and received MBMS segments, a MBMS segmentation reassembly device 60 reassembles the segments to recover the MBMS data.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for using out of band transmission scheduling information to handle differing MBMS transmission orders. A WTRU receives a MBMS transmission from a particular source, step 48. The WTRU also receives out of band scheduling information, step 50. As the WTRU moves to a different source, the WTRU can receive MBMS data from the new source and using that source's out of band scheduling data reassemble the MBMS received segments, step 52.
FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a WTRU 40 for receiving the differing MBMS transmissions. The WTRU 40 receives the MBMS transmissions using an antenna 54. A MBMS receiver 64 receives the MBMS transmissions from the differing transmission sources. An out of band synchronization information device 62 receives synchronization information from the multiple transmission sources. Using the synchronization information and received MBMS segments, a MBMS segmentation reassembly device 66 reassembles the segments to recover the MBMS data.
Both the approaches of FIGS. 3 and 4 allow for users existing within the cell to just transition between dedicated and common channels without interruption or delay in the MBMS transmission. Additionally, WTRUs entering the cell can maintain continuous reception of the MBMS service, even though the sequence of transmission between the new and old cell are different. Once MBMS transmission data is received the WTRU reorders the information according to the in band segmentation and/or out of band transmission scheduling information.
Since either in band segmentation or out of band scheduling is provided, lost or failed transmissions can be efficiently recovered by the WTRU's knowledge of when retransmission is expected. The RNC MBMS retransmission scheduling can also be reduced by taking into account intelligent reception by the WTRUs. To illustrate, if the RNC knows all the users have received a particular MBMS segment, retransmission of that segment can be prevented.

## Claims

1. A method for transferring multimedia broadcasts/multicast services (MBMS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
determining a number of users in a cell to receive an MBMS service;
using the determined number of users and cell condition information to determine whether a dedicated channel or a shared/common channel is to be used for the MBMS service;
receiving MBMS data; and
mapping the MBMS data to the determined dedicated or shared/common channel;
wherein the determined dedicated or shared/common channel is at least based on a threshold test, wherein on a condition that the determined number of users is below a threshold, a dedicated channel is used for the MBMS and on a condition that the determined number of users is above the threshold, a shared/common channel is used for the MBMS, and wherein the shared/common channel includes a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein on a condition that the determined number of users is equal to or below the threshold, a dedicated channel is used for the MBMS.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell condition information includes expected congestion of the cell.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dedicated channel is a dedicated shared channel and the shared/common channel is a common shared channel.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dedicated channel is a dedicated high speed shared channel and the shared/common channel is a common high speed shared channel.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the dedicated channel or shared/common channel and mapping the MBMS data onto the determined dedicated channel or shared/common channel is repeated during an MBMS service.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is implemented in a radio network controller (RNC).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the RNC is a controlling RNC (C-RNC).

9. A radio network controller (RNC) for transferring multimedia broadcasts/multicast services (MBMS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
circuitry configured to determine a number of users in a cell to receive an MBMS service;
circuitry configured to use the determined number of users and cell condition information to determine whether a dedicated channel or a shared/common channel is to be used for the MBMS service;
circuitry configured to receive MBMS data; and
circuitry configured to map the MBMS data to the determined dedicated or shared/common channel;
wherein the determined dedicated or shared/common channel is at least based on a threshold test, wherein on a condition that the determined number of users is below a threshold, a dedicated channel is used for the MBMS and on a condition that the determined number of users is above the threshold, a shared/common channel is used for the MBMS, and wherein the shared/common channel includes a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH).

10. The RNC of claim 9, wherein on a condition that the determined number of users is equal to or below the threshold, a dedicated channel is used for the MBMS.

11. The RNC of claim 9, wherein the cell condition information includes expected congestion of the cell.

12. The RNC of claim 9, wherein the dedicated channel is a dedicated shared channel and the shared/common channel is a common shared channel.

13. The RNC of claim 9, wherein the dedicated channel is a dedicated high speed shared channel and the shared/common channel is a common high speed shared channel.

14. The RNC of claim 9, wherein determining the dedicated channel or shared/common channel and mapping the MBMS data onto the determined dedicated channel or shared/common channel is repeated during an MBMS service.

15. The RNC of claim 9, wherein the RNC is a controlling RNC (C-RNC).