|CHAPTER��4�-�EMPLOYEE�TRAVEL
    PART�N:��ALLOWANCES�FOR�USE�OF�POC�FOR�TDY�TRAVEL
        C4658��DISTANCE�DETERMINATION
            A.��Privately�Owed�Automobile�or�Motorcycle.
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| | A.� Privately Owed Automobile or Motorcycle. | 
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| | When transportation is authorized or approved by privately owned motorcycles or automobiles, distances between points traveled shall be as determined from odometer readings.� Such distances are used as a basis for reimbursement unless there is a substantial and unexplained deviation from the Official Tables of Distance (AR 55-60/AFM 177-135/NAVSO P-2471) (AR 55-61/AFM 177-136/NAVSO P-2472 for distances in foreign countries).� Whenever the deviation exceeds 3% of the distance shown in the Official Tables of Distance or 10 miles, whichever is the greater, an explanation is required together with the approval of the travel-approving official. | 
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| | B. Privately Owned Airplane | 
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| | Statute miles shown on airway charts issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, are used to determine� distance for travel by a privately owned airplane.� If a detour is necessary the additional� distance may be included on the voucher� if the written explanation is accepted by the order-issuing official.�� When an official requirement for deviation from direct route travel is such that the airway charts aren't adequate to determine� distance, the formula of flight time multiplied by cruising speed of the airplane may be the basis of distance determination. | 
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| | C4659� ALLOWABLE PER DIEM INCIDENT TO TRAVEL BY POC | 
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| | A.� POC Use Advantageous to the Government. | 
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| | When the use of a POC is authorized as advantageous to the Government in connection with TDY travel, per diem at the applicable rate shall be computed as prescribed in par.C4300-Ain the same manner as for travel by POC on PCS travel. | 
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| | B.� POC Use Not Advantageous to the Government. | 
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| | When a POC is used in connection with TDY travel and such use isn't considered to be advantageous to the Government, per diem allowance reimbursement shall be limited as prescribed in par.C4661-Bexcept for travel under par.C2158.� When a privately owned automobile is used under the conditions set forth in par.C2158, per diem shall be reimbursed as prescribed in subpar. 1 and par.C4661. | 
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| | C4660� ALLOWABLE TRAVEL TIME | 
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| | When TDY travel is performed by POC, travel time shall be allowed as follows: | 
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| | 1. actual time necessary to perform the travel when the use of a POC is determined to be advantageous to the Government (see par.C4659-A); | 
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| | 2. constructive scheduled travel time of the common carrier used in computing per diem when TDY travel by POC isn't determined to be advantageous to the Government, except for travel under par.C2158. | 
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| | C4661� COMPUTING REIMBURSEMENT FOR POC TRAVEL | 
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| | A.� Advantageous to the Government. | 
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| | When travel by a POC is advantageous to the Government, reimbursement is computed at the authorized mileage rate for the authorized highway distance, and per diem is computed for the actual travel time as provided by par.C4659.� Reimbursement for the cost of automobile parking fees, related to the performance of official business only (except those incident to permanent duty travel); ferry fares; and bridge, road, and tunnel tolls are allowed unless the travel order or other administrative determination restricts their allowance.� Unfavorable travel conditions caused by weather, traffic, and impassable roads should not serve as the basis for denying reimbursement under a proper travel order or approved voucher.� Reasonable limitations should be observed by administrative officials before approval is given in such cases. | 
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| | B.� Not Advantageous to the Government� | 
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| | 1.� Limitation. | 
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| | Whenever a POC is used for official travel as a matter of personal preference in lieu of common carrier transportation, payment for such travel is made on the basis of the actual travel performed, computed at the mileage rate prescribed in par.C4651plus the per diem allowable for the actual travel.� The total allowable is limited to the total constructive cost of appropriate common carrier transportation including constructive per diem by that method of transportation.� The provisions of this paragraph don't apply to travel performed under par.C2158(B-183480, September 4, 1975). | 
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| | 2.� Computation of Mileage and Per Diem. | 
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| | Mileage allowance is computed at the authorized rate for the distance between authorized points.� Ferry fares; bridge, road, and tunnel tolls; and automobile parking fees (related to the performance of official business only) shall be added to this amount.� The rate of per diem authorized under the travel order shall be used for computing per diem. | 
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| | 3.� Computation of Constructive Transportation Cost and Per Diem. | 
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| | The constructive transportation cost to the Government is computed on the basis of fares or charges for the most direct, least costly common carrier transportation, as provided by par.C2152, between authorized points.� The constructive cost of air transportation includes any Federal tax the Government would pay if a transportation request had been issued.� Taxi fares and any excess baggage costs which would have been allowed had the traveler used the carrier upon which the transportation costs are determined shall be included.� The constructive transportation cost includes the transportation expense for the traveler claiming mileage and where applicable, the transportation expense for persons performing official travel as passengers (military member and civilian employee only) in the same conveyance. | 
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| | 4.� Comparison. | 
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| | The total amount of mileage and per diem, computed on the basis of travel by POC under subpar. 2, is compared with the total constructive travel cost including per diem by common carrier, and reimbursement is made in the lesser amount.� Guidance in determining the constructive cost of common carrier is contained in par.C2152. | 
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| | 5.� Passengers. | 
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| | Civilian passengers accompanying the traveler claiming mileage aren't entitled to any reimbursement for mileage.� If the employee passenger is eligible for per diem, it is computed on the basis of a comparison of the total per diem payable for the actual travel performed and the total amount of per diem payable in connection with the constructive travel by appropriate common carrier.� Reimbursement shall be limited to an amount not in excess of the amount of per diem payable on a constructive travel basis. | 
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| | NOTE:� The per diem rates and mileage allowances used in the following example(s) are for illustrative purposes only and don't reflect current allowances. Please check Appendix A or par. C4651-B2 for current TDY mileage rates.� Appendix B and D, as appropriate, for current per diem rates and par. C4250 for current PCS mileage rates. | 
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| | EXAMPLE | 
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| | An employee is authorized TDY in Jacksonville, FL, from a PDS in Boston, MA.� The employee elects to travel by privately owned automobile, not advantageous to the Government. | 
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| | Maximum Per Diem Rate (MPDR) for Jacksonville, FL at the time of the TDY assignment was $72; M&IE rate was $26 and the maximum lodging amount (MLA) $46.� Actual lodging cost at Jacksonville, FL, was $40. | 
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| | Total Constructive Cost by Common Carrier (including per diem on days of travel to and from Jacksonville, FL): | 
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| | 1 Air coach ticket (round trip) (including
� federal tax on air ticket paid by
� Government$163.27
Taxicab expense at origin and destination
� point�� 9.00
Day of Travel to Jacksonville, FL
75% of M&IE rate for Jacksonville, FL plus
� lodging cost
$19.50 (75% X $26) plus $40 lodging cost $59.50
Day of Return to Boston, MA
75% of M&IE rate for Jacksonville, FL.
$19.50 (75% X $26) $19.50
Total Constructive Cost$251.27 | 
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| | Total Cost of Actual Travel by Automobile:Mileage & Tolls
2325 Miles @ $0.325 per mile (round trip)$755.63
Tolls� 12.00Total Transportation Cost$767.63
Per diem for travel to Jacksonville, FL
Day of Departure (1st Day)
75% of M&IE rate applicable to location of 
� lodging on 1st day plus lodging cost.
$19.50 (75% X $26) plus $35 lodging
� cost, (Total NTE MPDR for location of
� lodging $66) $54.50
Second Day
M&IE rate for location of lodging on 2nd
� day plus lodging cost.
$26 plus $39 lodging cost (Total 
� NTE MPDR for location of lodging $70) $65.00
Third Day (Day of arrival at Jacksonville, FL)
M&IE rate for Jacksonville plus lodging
� cost) $26 + 40 lodging cost (Total NTE
� MPDR for Jacksonville, FL $72) $66.00
Per Diem for Travel from Jacksonville to Boston
Day of Departure from Jacksonville, FL� (1st Day)
M&IE rate applicable to lodging location 
� on 1st day plus lodging cost.
$26 + $39 lodging cost (Total NTE MPDR 
� for location of lodging $70) $65.00
Second Day
M&IE rate applicable to lodging location
� on 2nd day plus lodging cost.
$26 + $35 lodging cost (Total NTE MPDR
� for location of lodging $66) $61.00
Third Day (Day of return to PDS)
75% of M&IE (Same as rate for en route
� stopover point on 2nd day.
$19.50 (75% X $26) $19.50Total Per Diem Cost$331.00_______
Total Cost of Actual Travel by Automobile� $1,098.63 | 
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| | Since the cost on the basis of the actual travel performed, i.e., mileage and per diem for the actual travel, exceeds the total constructive cost, the total allowable is limited to the total constructive cost of the common carrier transportation, including constructive per diem common carrier.� In this example, the total amount due is $251.27, in addition to per diem payable for the period of TDY at Jacksonville, FL.� The 12-hour prohibition doesn't affect the time en route because the combined per diem for travel and TDY assignment exceeds 12 hours. | 
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| | C.� Mixed Modes | 
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| | 1.� Advantageous to the Government.� | 
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| | If an employee is authorized to travel by POC as advantageous to the Government and travels partly by POC and partly by common carrier at personal expense, the employee is entitled to the authorized mileage rate for the distance traveled by POC, plus the cost of transportation purchased with personal funds, and per diem for actual travel.� The total amount may not exceed the mileage plus per diem for the ordered travel. The order-issuing official may authorize/approve actual travel cost (mileage plus actual cost of transportation purchased plus per diem for the ordered travel) of the ordered travel when justified in unusual circumstances. | 
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| | 2.� Not Advantageous to the Government.� | 
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| | If the employee isn't authorized to travel by POC as advantageous to the Government and travels partly by POC for personal convenience and partly by common carrier at personal expense, the employee is entitled to the authorized mileage rate for the distance traveled by POC, plus the cost of transportation purchased from personal funds and per diem for actual travel.� The total amount may not exceed the cost of constructed transportation and per diem (see subpar. B3) for the ordered travel. | 
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| | C4662� RETURN TO PDS DURING PERIOD OF TDY | 
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| | A.� General. | 
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| | Whether an employee is required to return to the PDS on nonworkdays occurring during a period of TDY at Government expense or authorized to return to the PDS during extended TDY at Government expense is determined by the official directing travel and stated in the related travel order.� No specific authorization is required in the travel order to permit an employee to return voluntarily to the PDS on nonworkdays or workdays after the close of business subject to a limitation on the payment of per diem. | 
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| | B.� Return to PDS Directed During Nonworkdays. | 
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| | When TDY assignment doesn't require an employee to remain at a place of TDY on nonworkdays (including holidays), officials directing travel may require such employees to return to their PDSs for nonworkdays, provided that: | 
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| | 1.� the expense for round rip transportation and per diem allowance or AEA en route is less than the per diem allowance or AEA that would have been payable had the employee remained at the TDY point, | 
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| | 2.� availability for duty on the last scheduled workday preceding absence and on the first scheduled workday following absence isn't adversely affected, | 
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| | 3.� the travel order indicates the employee is required to return to the permanent duty station. | 
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| | C.� Voluntary Return to PDS. | 
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| | When an employee performing TDY travel voluntarily and for personal reasons returns on nonworkdays or on workdays after the close of business to the PDS, or place of abode from which the employee commutes daily to the PDS, the maximum reimbursement allowable for the round trip transportation by any mode and per diem, or AEA en route, is the per diem or AEA and travel expenses which would have been allowable had the employee remained at the TDY station.� The employee shall perform any such voluntary return travel during non-duty hours or periods of authorized leave.� The following examples show per diem and actual expense computations involving voluntary return to PDS: | 
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| | NOTE: The per diem rates and mileage allowances used in the following example(s) are for illustrative purposes only and don't reflect current allowances. Please check Appendix A or par. C4651-B2 for current TDY mileage rates;� Appendix B and D, as appropriate, for current per diem rates and par. C4250 for current PCS mileage rates. | 
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| | EXAMPLE 1 | 
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| | ������������������� Lodging-Plus Computation of Per Diem | 
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| | Wed 10/20 depart PDSWed 10/20 arrive TDYFri 10/22 depart TDYFri 10/22 arrive PDSSun 10/24 depart PDSSun 10/24 arrive TDYWed 10/27 depart TDYWed 10/27 arrive PDS | 
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| | Employee's daily lodging cost at the TDY location was $40, which, when added to the applicable meal and incidental expense rate of $30, gives the resultant amount of $70 (doesn�t exceed the $80 per diem prescribed for the TDY location concerned). Applying the $70 per diem, which would have been allowable had the employee remained at the TDY location, the employee would be entitled to a total per diem of $210 for Friday, Saturday and Sunday. For voluntary return to the PDS, the employee is entitled to per diem for the day of return to the PDS (75% of the M&IE rate), the cost of transportation (mileage or common carrier) from the TDY location to the PDS and return, and per diem for the day of travel to the TDY location (75% of the M&IE rate plus the cost of lodging) not to exceed $210, the per diem entitlement had the employee remained at the TDY location on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. | 
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| | Per diem for day of return to the PDS on Friday 75%� of $30=$� 22.50 | 
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| | Cost of round trip transportation = $140.00 
Per diem for day of travel to TDY��� location 75% of $30 + $40= $� 62.50���������������������������� | 
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| | Total$225.00 | 
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| | Since per diem and cost of transportation ($225.00) for travel to the PDS and return exceeds the per diem ($210) the employee would have been entitled to had the employee remained at the TDY location, the employee may be reimbursed only $210. | 
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| | Using the same example, in a situation where an employee accompanies another employee who is driving a privately owned automobile, and assuming the same conditions apply, the employee driving the POC may be paid the round trip mileage and per diem in the amount of $225.00.� This payment is based on per diem which normally could have been claimed by the accompanying passenger employee had the employee remained at the TDY station. (Note:It must be borne in mind the passenger isn't entitled to mileage.� See par.C4661-B5.)� When the employee traveled alone, the maximum reimbursement, based on the amount of per diem the employee would have received had the employee stayed at the TDY station, was $210.� If each employee's per diem is taken into account, however, the maximum amount of per diem payable would be $420.� Thus, if the cost of the round-trip travel for the two employees is $140 for example, the complete cost of travel (i.e., per diem and round trip mileage for the driver employee and per diem for the passenger employee) is payable.� It shall be noted there also is a saving of $110 to the Government. | 
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