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**Subpart K —**  **Ferroalloy Production**
The ferroalloy production source category consists of any facility that uses pyrometallurgical techniques to produce any of the following metals: ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrosilicon, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, silicomanganese, or silicon metal. § 98.110 Definition of the source category.

You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a ferroalloy production process and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (2). § 98.111 Reporting threshold.

You must report: § 98.112 GHGs to report.

(a) Process CO 2 emission s from each electric arc furnace (EAF) used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110, and process CH 4

(b) CO emissions from each EAF that is used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 to subpart K.

2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emissions from each stationary combustion unit following the requirements of subpart C of this part. You must report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). § 98.113 Calculating GHG emissions.Page 2 of 13 You must calculate and report the annual process CO 2
e mission s from each EAF not subject to paragraph (c) of this section using the procedures in either paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. For each EAF also subject to annual process CH 4 emissions reporting, you must also calculate and report the annual proc ess CH 4
(a) Calculate and report under this subpart the process CO emissions from the EAF using the procedures in paragraph (d) of this section.

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(b) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual
process CO emission s by operating and maintaining CEMS according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) an d all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

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(1) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual
process CO emission s using the procedure in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this s ection.

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(2) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual process CO emission s from EAFs by operating and maintaining a CEMS according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and the applicable requirements for Tier 4 in subpa rt C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

2 emission s from the EAFs using the carbon mass balancePage 3 of 13 procedure specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this sect ion. (i) For each EAF, determine the annual mass of carbon in each carbon

- containing input and output material for the EAF and estimate annual process CO 2 emission s from the EAF using Equation
K
– 1 of this section. Carbon

- containing input materials include carbon electrodes and carbonaceous reducing agents. If you document that a specific input or output material contributes less than 1 percent of the total carbon into or out of the process, you do not have to include the material in your calculation using E quation K

– 1 of this section.

Where:

E CO 2 = Annual process CO 2 44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO emission s from an individual EAF (metric tons).

2 to carbon.Page 4 of 13
2000/2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons to metric tons. M reducing agent i = Annual mass of reducing agent i
C fed, charged, or otherwise introduced into the EAF (tons). reducing agent i = Carbon content in reducing agent i

M (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).
electrode m = Annual mass of carbon electrode m
C consumed in the EAF (tons).
electrode m = Carbon content of the carbon electrode m
M (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).

ore h = Annual mass of ore h
C charged to the EAF (tons).

ore h = Carbon content in ore h

M (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).
flux j = Annual mass of flux material j

C fed, charged, or otherwise introduced into the EAF to facilitate slag formation (tons).
flux j = Carbon content in flux material j

M (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).
product k = Annual mass of alloy product k
C tapped from EAF (tons). product
Mnon
- product outgoing l = Annual mass of non

- product outgoing material k = Carbon content in alloy product k . (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).
l
Cno n - product outgoingl = Carbon content in non

- product outgoing material removed from EAF (tons).
l
(ii) Determine the combined annual process CO (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).

2 emission s from the EAFs at your facility using Equation K

– 2 of this section.Page 5 of 13
Where:
CO 2 = Annual process CO 2

E CO emission s from EAFs at facility used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110 (metric tons).

2 k = Annual process CO 2 emission s calculated from EAF k
k = Total number of EAFs at facility used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110. calculated using Equation K

– 1 of this section (metric to ns).

(c) If GHG emissions from an EAF are vented through the same stack as any combustion unit or process equipment that reports CO 2

(d) For the EAFs at your facility used for the producti on of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart, you must calculate and report the annual CH emission s using a CEMS th at complies with the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources), then the calculation methodology in paragraph (b) of this section shall not be used to calculate process emissions. The owner or ope rator shall report under this subpart the combined stack emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part.

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(1) For each EAF, determine the annual CH emissions using the procedure specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.

4 emissions using Equation K
– 3 of this section.
Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 9 ptPage 6 of 13

Where:

E CH 4 = Annual process CH 4
M emissions from an individual EAF (metric tons).
product i = Annual mass of alloy product i
2000 2 /2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons kg CH produced in the EAF (tons).

4 /ton of product to metric tons CH 4 EF . product i = CH 4 emission factor for alloy product i from Table K

– 1 in this subpart (kg of CH 4 (2) Determine the combined process CH emissions per metric ton of alloy product i )
. 4 emissions from the EAFs at your facility using Equation K

– 4 of this section:

Where:
CH 4 = Annual process CH 4

E CH emissions from EAFs at facility used for the production of ferroalloys listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart (metric tons).

4 j = Annual process CH 4 emissions from EAF j j = Total number of EAFs at facility used for the production of ferroalloys listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart. calculated using Equation K

– 3 of thi s section (metric tons).

If you determine annual process CO § 98.114 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

2 emission s using the carbon mass balanc e procedure in §98.113(b)(2), you must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 9 ptPage 7 of 13 (a) Determine the annual mass for each material used for the calculations of annual process CO 2

(b) For each material identified in paragraph (a) of this section, you must determine the average carbon content of the material consumed, used, or produced in the calendar year using the methods specified in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section. If you document that a specific process input or output contributes less than one percent of the total mass of carbon into or out of the process, you do not have to determine the mont hly mass or annual carbon content of that input or output. emission s using Equation
K
– 1 of this subpart by summing the monthly mass for the material determined for each month of the calendar year. The monthly mass may be determined using plant instruments used for accounting purposes, including either direct measurement of the quantity of the material placed in the unit or by calculations using process operating information.

(1) Information provided by your material supplier. (2) Collecting and analyzing at least three representative samples of the material inputs and outputs each year. The carbon content of the materi al must be analyzed at least annually using the standard methods (and their QA/QC procedures) specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section, as applicable.Page 8 of 13 (i) ASTM E1941

– 04, Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refra ctory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys (incorporated by reference, see

(ii) ASTM D5373

– 08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples o f Coal (incorporated by reference, §98.7) for analysis of metal ore and alloy product.

see

(iii) ASTM C25

– 06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, §98.7), for analysis of carbonaceous reducing agents and carbon electrodes.

see §98 .7) for analysis of flux materials such as limestone or dolomite.

A complete record of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations in §98.113 is required. Therefore, whenever a quality

- assured value of a required parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the missing parameter shall be used in the calculations as specified in the paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. You must document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates. § 98.115 Procedures for estimating missing data.

(a) If you determine CO 2 emission s for the EAFs at your facility using the carbon mass balance procedure in §98.113(b), 100 percent data availability is required for the carbon content of the input and output materials. You must repeat the test forPage 9 of 13 average carbon contents of inputs according to the procedures in §98.114(b) if data are missing. (b) For missing records of the monthly mass of carbon

containing inputs and outputs, the substitute data value must be based on the best available estimate of the mass of the inputs and outputs from on all available process data or data used for accounting pur poses, such as purchase records. (c) If you are required to calculate CH 4 emissions for an EAF at your facility as specified in §98.113(d), the estimate is based an annual quantity of certain alloy products, so 100 percent data availability is required.

In addition to the information required by §98.3(c), each annual report must contain the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section, as applicable: § 98.116 Data reporting requirements.

(a) Annual facility ferroalloy product producti on capacity (tons). (b) Annual production for each ferroalloy product identified in §98.110, from each EAF (tons). (c) Total number of EAFs at facility used for production of ferroalloy products. (d) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2 emission s, then you

mus t report under this subpart the relevant information required by §98.36 for the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology and thePage 10 of 13 following information specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section. (1) Annual process CO 2

(2) Annual process CH emission s (in metric tons) fr om each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy product identified in §98.110.

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(3) Identifica tion number of each EAF. emissions (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart (metric tons).

(e) If a CEMS is not used to measure CO 2 process emissions, and the carbon mass balance procedure is used to determine CO 2

(1) Annual process CO emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(b), then you must report the following information specif ied in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(7) of this section.

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(2) Annual process CH emission s (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy identified in §98.110 (metric tons).

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(3) Identification number for each material. emissions (in metric tons) from e ach EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart.

(4) Annual material quantity for each material included for the calculation of annual process CO 2 emission s for each EAF.Page 11 of 13 (5) Annual average of the carbon content determinations for each material included for the calculation of annual process CO 2

(6) List the method used for the determination of carb on content for each material reported in paragraph (e)(5) of this section ( emission s for each EAF (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction).

e.g.

(7) If you use the missing data procedures in §98.115(b), you must report how monthly mass of carbon

- containing inputs and outputs with missing data was determined and the number of months the missing data procedures were used. , supplier provided information, analyses of representative samples you collected).

In addition to the records required by §98.3(g), you must retain the records spec ified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section for each EAF, as applicable. § 98.117 Records that must be retained.

(a) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2

(1) Monthly EAF production quantity for each ferroalloy product (tons). emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(a), then you must retain under this subpart the records required for the Tier 4 Calcula tion Methodology in §98.37 and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section.

(2) Number of EAF operating hours each month.Page 12 of 13 (3) Number of EAF operating hours in a calendar year. (b) If the carbon mass balance procedure is used to determine CO 2

(1) Monthly EAF production quantity for each ferroalloy product (tons). emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(b)(2), then you must retain records for the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this sec tion.

(2) Number of EAF operating hours each month. (3) Number of EAF operating hours in a calendar year. (4) Monthly material quantity consumed, used, or produced for each material included for the calculations of annual process CO 2 (5) Average carbon content determined and records of the supplier provided information or analyses used for th e determination for each material included for the calculations of annual process CO emission s (tons).

2 (c) You must keep records that include a detailed explanation of how company records of measurements are used to estimate the carbon input and output to each E AF, including documentation of specific input or output materials excluded from Equation K

– 1 of this subpart that contribute less than 1 percent of the total carbon into or out of the process. You also must document the procedures used to ensure the accura cy of the measurements of materials fed, charged, or placed in an EAF emission s.Page 13 of 13 including, but not limited to, calibration of weighing equipment and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided. (d) If you are required to calculate CH 4 emissions for the EAF as specified in §98.113(d), you must maintain records of the total amount of each alloy product produced for the specified reporting pe riod, and the appropriate alloy

- product specific emission factor used to calculate the CH 4 emissions.

All terms used of this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part. § 98.118 Definitions.

**Table K –**  **1 to Subpart K o f Part 98**  **— Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)**  **CH 4** 

**Alloy product produced in EAF**  **Emission Factors** CH 4 **emission factor (kg**  CH 4 **per metric ton product) EAF Operation** 
**Batch**   ** charging** **Sprinkle**   ** charging** **a Sprinkle**  **** **charging and >750 °C**  **b** Silicon metal 1.5 1.2 0.7 Ferrosilicon 90% 1.4 1.1 0.6 Ferrosilicon 75% 1.3 1.0 0.5 Ferrosilicon 65% 1.3 1.0 0.5

a Sprinkle

- charging is charging intermittently every minute.

b Temperature measured in off

- gas channel downstream of the furnace hood
.