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WORLD DATA CENTER A
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office
and seven Subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 20418
[Telephone: (202) 389-6478]

Glaciology [Snow and Ice]: Rotation of the Earth:
World Data Center A: Glaciology World Data Center A: Rotation
[Snow and Ice] of the Earth
Inst. of Arctic & Alpine Research U.S. Naval Observatory
University of Colorado . Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20390
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80309 [Telephone: (202) 254-4023]

[Telephone: (303) 492-5171]
Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Solar and

Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation): Interplanetary Phenomena, Ionospheric
Phenomena, Flare-Associated Events,
World Data Center A: Meteorology Geomagnetic Variations, Magnetospheric
National Climatic Center and Interplanetary Magnetic Phenomena,
Federal Building Aurora, Cosmic Rays, Airglow):
Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28801
[Telephone: (704) 258-2850] World Data Center A
for Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Oceanography : Environmental Data and Information
Service, NOAA
World Data Center A: Oceanography Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80303
National Oceanic and Atmospheric [Telephone: (303) 499-1000, Ext. 6467]
Administration
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20235 Solid-Earth Geophysics (Seismology,
[Telephone: (202) 634-7249] Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth Tides,
Recent Movements of the Earth's
Rockets and Satellites: Crust, Magnetic Measurements,
Paleomagnetism and Archeomagnetism,
World Data Center A: Rockets and Volcanology, Geothermics) :
Satellites
Goddard Space Flight Center World Data Center A
Code 601 for Solid-Earth Geophysics
Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. 20771 Environmental Data and Information
[Telephone: (301) 344-6695] Service, NOAA

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80303
[Telephone: (303) 499-1000, Ext. 6521]

NOTES:

1. World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations
in accordance with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific
Unions. WDC-A is established in the United States under the auspices of the National
Academy of Sciences.

2. Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data
Center A as a whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office
(see address above).

3. Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should
be addressed to the appropriate subcenter listed above.



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Fig. 4. Hourly location of Alaska Meridian Chain.

Following Pages:

APPENDIX
Daily Stack and Polar Plots of Alaska Chain Magnetic Variations (9 Mar - 27 Apr 1978)



‘The International Magnetospheric Study, IMS. ......
U.S. IMS Participation ...... te ee
The Alaskan Chain... 2. ee ee see
Data Availability... 2... - eee eee eee eee
Daily Magnetic Variations Along Alaska Chain .....
Average Magnetic Variations Along Alaska Chain .....
References 2... ...-00-0000- eee
Acknowledgments... 6 eee ee eee
Appendix: Daily Stack and Polar Plots of Alaska Chain
Magnetic Variations (9 Mar - 27 Apr 1978) .......

Page

BoE WwW wn



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for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

REPORT UAG-75

THE ALASKA IMS MERIDIAN CHAIN:
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS FOR
9 MARCH-27 APRIL 1978

7%

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June 1980



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UAG-64

UAG-65

UAG-66

UAG-67

UAG-68

uaG-69

UAG-70

UAG-71

UAG-72

UAG-73

UAG-74

"Geomagnetic Data for April 1976 (AE(8) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)," by Joe
Haskell Allen, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and
Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, February 1978, 55 pp, $4.00.

"The Information Explosion and Its Consequences for Data Acquisition, Documentation, and
Processing," by G.K. Hartmann, Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Lindau, GFR, May 1978,
36 pp, $0.75.

"synoptic Radio Maps of the Sun at 3.3 mm 1970-1973," by Earle B. Mayfield and Fred I.
Shimabukuro, Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA, May 1978, 30 pp, $0.75.

"Ionospheric D-Region Profile Data Base, A Collection of Computer-Accessible Experimental
Profiles of the D and Lower E Regions," by L.F. McNamara, Ionospheric Prediction Service,
Sydney, Australia, August 1978, 30 pp, $0.88.

"A Comparative Study of Methods of Electron Density Profile Analysis," by L.F. McNamara,
Ionospheric Prediction Service, Sydney, Australia, September 1978, 56 pp, $1.41.

"selected Disturbed D-region Electron Density Profiles, ‘Their relation to the
undisturbed D region," by L.F. McNamara, Ionospheric Prediction Service, Sydney,
Australia, October 1978, 50 pp, $1.29.

"annotated Atlas of the H Synoptic Charts for Solar Cycle 20 (1964-1974) Carrington
Solar Rotations 1487-1616," by Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory,
Boulder, CO, February 1979, 330 pp. $3.50.

"Magnetic Potential Plots over the Northern Hemisphere for 26-28 March 1976," A.D.
Richmond, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO; H.W. Kroehl, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; M.A. Henning, Lockheed
Missils and Space Co., Aurora, CO; and Y. Kamide, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan,
April 1979, 118 pp, $1.75.

"Energy Release in Solar Flares, Proceedings of the Workshop on Energy Release in Flares,
26 February - 1 March 1979, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.," edited by David M. Rust,
American Science and Engineering, Inc. Cambridge, MA and A. Gordon Emslie,
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, July 1979, 68 pp, $1.50.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11-12) for January - June,” by J.H.
Allen, C.C. Abston, J.E. Salazar and J.A. McKinnon, National Geophysical and
Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, August 1979, 111 pp, $1.75.

"ATS-6 Radio Beacon Electron Content Measurements at Ootacamund, India, October 1975 - July 1976," by S.0.
Bouwer, K, Davies, R.F. Donnelly, R.N. Grubb, J.£. Jones and J.H. Taylor, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory,
Boulder, CO, and R.G. Rastogi, H.R. Deshpande, H. Chandra and G. Sethia, Physical Research Laboratory,
Ahmedabad, India, March 1980, 60 pp, $2.50.

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WORLD DATA CENTER A
for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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REPORT UAG-75

THE ALASKA IMS MERIDIAN CHAIN:
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS FOR
9 MARCH-27 APRIL 1978

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I
I
I

H.W. Kroehl and G.P. Kosinski
National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center

S.-I. Akasofu, G.J. Romick, C.E. Campbell and G.K. Corrick
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska

C.E. Hornback and A.M. Gray
Space Environment Laboratory

June 1980 yy
LB
Published by World Data Center A for Dive

Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado
and printed by

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE
Boulder, Colorado, USA 80303

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $25.20 a year; $17.30 additional for foreign mailing; single copy price varies.°
Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Department of Commerce, NOAA/NGSDC.
Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the National Geophysical and
Solar—Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303.


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56


UAG-44 "Synoptic Maps of Solar 9.1 cm Microwave Emission from June 1962 to August 1973," by '
Werner Graf and Ronald N. Bracewell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, May 1975, 183 pp,
$2.55.

uaG-45 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1972," by Joe Haskell Allen,
carl C, Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, May 1975, 144 pp, $2.10.

vaG-46 “Interplanetary Magnetic Field Data 1963-1974," by Joseph H. King, National Space Science
Data Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, June 1975, 382 pp, $1.95.

UAG-47 "Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AB(11) for 1973," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, June 1975, 144 pp, $2.10.

UAG-48A "Synoptic Observations of the Solar Corona during Carrington Rotations 1580-1596 (11
October 1971 - 15 January 1973)," (Reissue of UAG-48 with quality images], by R.A. Howard,
M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, R. Tousey, C.R. Detwiler, D.E. Roberts, R.T. Seal, and J.D.
Whitney, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, and R.T. and $.F. Hansen, |
C.J. Garcia and E. Yasukawa, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, February
Observatory 1976, 200 pp, §

27, i

UAG-49 "Catalog of Standard Geomagnetic Variation Data," prepared by NOAA Environmental Data
Service, Boulder, CO, August 1975, 125 pp, $1.85.

UAG-50 "High-Latitude Supplement to the URSI Handbook on Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction,*
edited by W.R. Piggott, British Antarctic Survey, c/o Appleton Laboratory, Slough, UK,
October 1975, 294 pp, $4.00.

UAG-51 "Synoptic Maps of Solar Coronal Hole Boundaries Derived from He II 304A Spectroheliogram:
from the Manned Skylab Missions," by J.D. Bohlin and D.M. Rubenstein, E. 0. Hulbert.
Center for Space Research, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, November 1975,
30 pp, $0.54.

UAG-52 "Experimental Comprehensive Solar Flare Indices for Certain Flares, 1970-1974," by Helen
W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, University of Michigan,
Pontiac, MI, November 1975, 27 pp, $0.60.

UAG-53 "Description and Catalog of Ionospheric F-Region Data, Jicamarca Radio Observatory
(November 1966 - April 1969)," by W.L, Clark and T.E, Van Zandt, NOAA Aeronomy
Laboratory, Boulder, CO, and J.P. McClure, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX,
April 1976, 10 pp, $0.33.

UAG-54 "Catalog of Ionosphere Vertical Soundings Data," prepared by NOAA Environmental Data
Service, Boulder, CO, April 1976, 130 pp, $2.10.

UAG-55 “Equivalent Ionospheric Current Representations by a New Method, Illustrated for 8-9
November 1969 Magnetic Disturbances," by Y. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; H.W. Kroehl, Data Studies
Division, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; M.
Kanamitsu, Advanced Study Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO;
Joe Haskell Allen, Data Studies Division, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO; and S.-I, Akaosofu, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska,
Fairbanks, AK, April 1976, 91 pp, $1.60.

UAG-56  "Iso-intensity Contours of Ground Magnetic H Perturbations for the December 16-18, 1971,
Geomagnetic Storm," by ¥. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, April 1976, 37 pp, $1.39.

UAG-57 "Manual on Ionospheric Absorption Measurements," edited by K. Rawer, Institut fur
Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, June 1976, 202 pp, $4+27.

UAG-58 "ATS6 Radio Beacon Electron Content Measurements at Boulder, July 1974 - May 1975," by |
R.B. Fritz, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO, September 1976, 61 pp, $1.04.

UAG-59 "Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AB(11) for 1974," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C, Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, December 1976, 144 pp, $2.16.

UAG-60 "Geomagnetic Data for January 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)," by Joe
Haskell Allen, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and
Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, July 1977, 57 pp, $1.07.

UAG-61 "Collected Data Reports for STIP Interval II 20 March - 5 May 1976," edited by Helen E, i

Coffey and John A. McKinnon, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder,
CO, August 1977, 313 pp, $2.95.

UAG-62 "Geomagnetic Data for February 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)," by Joe
Haskell Allen, Carl C, Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and
Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, September 1977, 55 pp, $1.11].

UAG-63 "Geomagnetic Data for March 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)," by Joe
Haskell Allen, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and
Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, September 1977, 57 pp, $1.11.



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Table 1. Alaska Chain Data for 9 March - 27 April 1978

CORRECTED GEOMAGNETIC

GEOGRAPHIC GEOMAGNETIC TNVAR.

LAT. E. LONG. rat. E. LONG. LAT. E. LONG. LAT. SAMPLE MEDIUM COMMENTS
Bureka 80.0 274.3 86.7 236.5 89.1 258.4 89.0 X,Y, Z Paper?
Tsachsen 78.8 256.0 83.4 251.3 85.2 262.0 85.2 X, ¥, Z Paper! 9-17 Mar.
Mould Bay 76.2 240.6 79.1 256.4 80.6 263.5 80.7 X, ¥, Z Paper! 9-23 Mar.

X,¥, 2 Lmin Tape 24 Mar - 27 Apr.

Johnson Pt. 72.5 241.7 76.9 271.7 78.0 276.4 «77.6 «=D, H, 2 5S min Tape SELDADS*
Sachs Harbor «72.0 234.7 75.2 266.2» 76.1: 270.3 «76.0 ~D, H, 2 Smin Tape SELDADS?
Cape Parry 70.2 235.3 73.9 270.9 74.7 274.2 74.4 ~D, H, 2 Smin Tape SELDADS?
Inuvik 68.3 226.7 70.6 266.2 71.1 269.0 71.0 Dd, H, 2 5Smin Tape SELDADS?
Arctic Village 68.1 214.4 68.1 255.3 68.5 258.9 68.6 D, H, Z 5min Tape SELDADS?
Ft. Yukon 66.6 214.7 66.8 257.6 67.0 260.7 67.1 D, H, Z min Tape HINS*
College 64.7 211.9 64.8 257.1 64.9 260.3 64.9 D,H,Z lmin Tape HIMS?
Anchorage 61.2 210.1 61.0 258.1 60.9 260.7 60.8 D,H,Z lmin ‘Tape ums?

Hand digitized 1-min point values
space Environment Laboratory Data Acquisition and Display System
3Wigh-Latitude Monitoring Station

Additional adjustments were required to the data from the four lowest latitude stations, because
the "quiet-time reference level" was defined as the 6-h average value centered about 0000 UT (1244
magnetic local time). This value was then subtracted from each AX%, AY and Atm, for that day.
Supplemental adjustments were made to the data recorded on 27 March 1978 and on 4, 5, 11, 15, 20, 23
and 24 April 1978 due to large daytime variations. The resulting data are shown on succeeding pages
for Arctic Village through Anchorage.

Data Availability

‘The World Data Center A for Solar~Terrestrial Physics archives the IMS data fron the Alaska,
Alberta, Fort Churchill, East-West, and Midlatitude Chains. The variations data on magnetic tape are
1-min average values in the recording coordinate system, either geographic X, Y and Z or local D, H and
2, with respect to an arbitrary reference level. Inquiries should be directed to Mr. William
Paulishak, World Data Center A for Solar~Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, D63, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.

We would like to encourage the scientific community to use these unique data sets resulting fran
the IMS. Tt has been a major effort by many individuals and organizations to install and maintain the
equipment and to process the data, Since the observing period is scheduled to the end of last year, it
is now up to the scientific community to justify the outlay by using the data to better understand
magnetospheric substoms and polar cap variations.

Daily Magnetic Variations Along Alaska Chain

The appendix contains stack plots of AXm, AYm and AZ, generated fron 5-min average values and a
daily polar plot of half-hourly vectors of horizontal variations recorded along the Alaska Meridian
Chain for 9 March - 25 April 1978. The stations organized by decreasing invariant latitude (see Table
1) are Eureka (EUR), Isachsen (ISA), Mould Bay (MOB), Johnson Point (JOP), Sachs Harbor (SAH), Cape
Parry (CAP), Inuvik (INU), Arctic Village (AAV), Fort Yukon (FYU), College (COL), and Anchorage (ANC).
The “quiet-time reference level" is noted by a tick mark and a zero; the tick marks along the y axis
are spaced 250 nf apart. Coordinates of the polar plot are invariant latitude and time. The solid
triangle outside the plot notes the average invariant time of the chain at 2330 UT. The position of
the chain in these coordinates for each UT hour is shown in Figure 4.

Average Magnetic Variations Along Alaska Chain

In Figures 2 and 3, we show polar plots of the average day magnetic variations and "equivalent"
currents. The magnetic variations are a simple average of the half-hourly values fran each day. ‘These

3



UAG-23A

UAG-24

VAG-25

UAG-26

UAG-27

vAG-28

UAG-29

UAG-30

UAG-31

UAG-32

UAG-33

UAG-34

UAG-35

UAG-36

UAG-37

UAG-38

UAG-39

vAG-40

UAG-41

vAG-42

vaG-43

"U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction," Second Edition, Revision of
Chapters 1 ~ 4, edited by W.R. Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, UK, and
K. Rawer, Arbeitgruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, November 1972,
135 pp, $2.14.

"Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Level Cosmic Ray
Events of 24 January and 1 September 1971," Parts J. and 2; compiled by Helen E. Coffey
and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, Co,
December 1972, 462 pp, $2.00 (includes Parts 1 and 2).

"Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 9 September
1968 through 9 December 1971," by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and David G. Swann,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, February 1973, 35 pp, $0.35.

"Data Compilation for the Magnetospherically Quiet Periods February 19-23 and November 29
= December 3, 1970," compiled by Helen E, Coffey and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data
Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, CO, May 1973, 129 pp, $0.70.

“High Speed Streams in the Solar Wind," by D.S. Intriligator, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, June 1973, 16 pp, $0.15.

"Collected Data Reports on August 1972 Solar-Terrestrial: Events," Parts 1, 2 and 3,
edited by Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder,
CO, August 1977, 313 pp. $2.95.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1968," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Boulder, CO, October 1973, 148 pp, $0.75.

“Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics," prepared by NOAA Environmental Data
Service, Boulder, CO, October 1973, $1.50, Supersedes UAG-11, 15, and 20 catalogs.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1969," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, February 1974, 142 pp, $0.75.

"synoptic Radio Maps of the Sun at 3.3 mm for the Years 1967-1969," by Earle B. Mayfield,
Kennon P. Wh: III, and Fred I, Shimabukuro, Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA, April
1974, 26 pp, $0.35.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1967," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, May 1974, 142 pp, $0.75.

“Absorption Data for the IG¥/IGC and IQSY," compiled and edited by A.H. Shapley, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; W.R. Piggott, Appleton
Laboratory, Slough, UK; and K, Rawer Arbeitsgruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung,
Freiburg, GFR, June 1974, 381 pp, $2.00.

"Catalogue of Digital Geomagnetic Variation Data at World Data Center A for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics," prepared by NOAA Environmental Data Service, Boulder, CO,
duly 1974, 20 pp, $0.20.

"An Atlas of Extreme Ultraviolet Flashes of Solar Flares Observed Via Sudden Frequency
Deviations During the ATM-SKYLAB Missions," by R.F. Donnelly and B.L. Berger, NOAA Space
Environment Laboratory; Lt. J.D. Busman, NOAA Commissioned Corps; B. Henson, NASA
Marshall Space Flight Center; T.B. Jones, University of Leicester, UK; G.M. Lerfald, NOAA
Wave Propagation Laboratory; K. Najita, University of Hawaii; W.M. Retallack, NOAA Space
Environment Laboratory and W.J. Wagner, Sacramento Peak Observatory, October 1974, 95 pp,
$0.55.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1966," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, December 1974, 142 pp, $0.75.

“Master Station List for Solar-Terrestrial Physics Data at WDC-A for Solar-Terrestrial
Physics," by R.W. Buhmann, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder,
CO; Juan D. Roederer, University of Denver, Denver, CO; and M.A. Shea and D.F. Smart, Air
Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, December 1974, 110 pp, $1.60.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1971," by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data
Center, Boulder, CO, February 1975, 144 pp, $2.05.

"H-Alpha Synoptic Charts of Solar Activity for the Period of Skylab Observations, May 1973
- March 1974," Sy Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory,
February 1975, 32 pp, $0.48.

"H-Alpha Synoptic Charts of Solar Activity During the First Year of Solar Cycle 20
October 1964 ~ August 1965," by Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment
Laboratory; and Jerome T, Nolte, American Science and Engineering, Inc, Cambridge, MA,
March 1975, 25 pp, $0.48.

“Observations ot Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-80 MHz 10 December
1971 through 21 March 1975," by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and Anthony C. Riddle,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, April 1975, 49 pp, $1.15.

"Catalog of Observation Times of Ground-Based Skylab-Coordinated Solar Observing
Programs," compiled by Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial
Physics, Boulder, CO, May 1975, 159 pp, $3.00.

|

:
i



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The Average Day Magnetic Variations

12
< A ¥
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Fig. 2. Polar plot of the average day magnetic variations for alee tty a hbed 61978: op day

The Average Day

12

The variations shown represent simple averages of tI

Equivalent Currents

| 150 nT

March 9 to
April 27, 1978

Fig. 3.

Polar plot of the average day "equivalent"
Diagram was generated by rotating the vectors of Figure 2 clockwise 90°.

currents for 9 March to 27 April 1978.

5



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44



vectors were then rotated 90° clockwide to approximate an equivalent ionospheric current system. Due
to the large spatial and temporal variability of magnetospheric substorms, these plots should not be
interpreted as a typical substorm equivalent current systen(Kroehl and Richmond 1979 and Kamide 1979)
but as the average magnetic variations recorded along the Alaska Chain for these days. From the
equivalent current plot certain polar features are evident: namely, the eastward and westward aur-
oral electroject, the Harang discontinuity (northward equivalent current), the polar cap diurnal var-
iation, and a dayside current most probably associated with the polar cleft. The least disturbed day

is 12 March 1978 and the most disturbed day is 27 March 1978. Other days of int t 4
March 1978 and 18, 20 and 22 April 1978, er ay interest are 14 and 30

A computer-generated cine film has been made fran the half-hourly polar plots and shows the
temporal variations of the horizontal variation vectors for 9 March ~ 25 April 1978. The movie is on
16-mm film and runs for 7 min. Copies may be obtained for the cost of reproduction fran H.W. Kroehl,
NOAA/NGSDC, D64, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.

References
KROEHL, H.W. and 1979 “Magnetic Substorm Characteristics Described
RICHMOND, ‘A.D. by Magnetic Potential Maps for 26-28 March
1976," in Dynamics of the Magnetosphere, S.-l.
Akasofu (ed.), D. Reidel Pub. Co. New York,
NoYes pp. 269-286.
KAMIDE, Y. and 1979 “Simulation Studies of Ionospheric Electric Fields
MATSUSHITA, S. and Currents in Relation to Field-Aligned
Currents 2. Substomns," J. Geophys. Res., Vv. 84, no. AB,
pp. 4099-4115.
NaS 1974 International Magnetospheric Study, Detailed
Plan for a U.S. Ground-Based Research Program National
Academy Of Sciences, Washington, DC.
IMS Newsletter 1977 "North American Magnetometer Network," in

IMS Newsletter 77-1, J.H. Allen, Ed. (National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Boulder, Colorado, USA 80303), pp. 5-7.

Acknowledgments

The scientific community is indebted to many individuals and organizations in these closing days
of the IMS observing period. The geomagnetic program is a truly multiorganizational effort involving
the University of Alaska; the University of California at Los Angeles; the State University of New York
at Albany; the University of Alberta; the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada); the
Geological Survey; the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Science
Foundation. ‘The principal investigators for the 5 chains are Dr. S.-I. Akasofu, Dr. G.J. Romick, Dr.
R.L. McPherron, Dr. Kim, Dr. G. Rostoker and Dr. J. Walker. Individuals responsible for the Alaska
Chain include A.H. Shapley and J.H. Allen of NGSDC; B.S. Delana of the University of Alaska; D.J.
Williams, R.N. Grubb, P.L. Orswell, J.D. Schroeder and J.C. Joselyn of SEL; and J.A. Bradley and R.
Kuberry of USGS.



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THE ALASKA IMS MERIDIAN CHAIN:
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS FOR 9 MARCH - 27 APRIL 1978

by

H.W. Kroehl! ,,S.-T. akasofu’ ,,G.J. Romick”, ¢.P. Kosinski',,
C.E. Campbell’, G.K. Corrick’ C.E. Hornback’ and A.M. Gray

; Data Studies Division, NOAA/EDIS/NGSDC, Boulder, CO 80303
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK
Space Environment Services Center, NOAA/ERL/SEL, Boulder, CO 80303

‘The International Magnetospheric Study, IMS (Text is adapted fron a National Academy of Sciences report
on the IMS [1974]).

Recognizing the need for a more completely detailed understanding of the magnetosphere, the
International Council of Scientific Unions through its Special (now Scientific) Committee on Solar-
Terrestrial Physics launched the IMS, a carefully designed and highly coordinated program of spacecraft
recordings together with ground-based, balloon, and rocket observing campaigns. The task of
coordinating this multiplatform observing program fell upon the Satellite Situation Center and the IMS
Central Information Exchange Office,

The general scientific goals of IMS attempt to define and understand the key physical processes
associated with the energy, mass, and momentum transfer fram the solar wind to the magnetosphere and
atmosphere. These energy-transfer mechanisms involve diverse phenomena such as direct particle
injection, magnetic energy storage, local particle acceleration, electromagnetic waves, traveling
ionospheric disturbances, and Joule heating of the ionosphere. Ionospheric manifestations of
magnetospheric energy release, called magnetospheric substorms, characteristically have large-scale
spatial, temporal, and amplitude variability. :

Geamagnetic observations provide the global basis for ground-based research during the IMS. They
generate a unique and basic measure of the state of the magnetosphere for a number of reasons. Ground-
based magnetometers record information about a variety of phenomena, ranging fron the interaction of
the solar wind with the magnetosphere to currents flowing in the upper atmosphere. ‘The magnetometers
operate as well in sunlight as in darkness and the recordings are unaffected by cloud cover, rain, or
snow. Moreover, ground-based magnetometers require low telemetry rates, and their relative simplicity
makes them well suited for unmanned operation.

Differing spatial and temporal patterns of magnetic variations at different latitudes indicate
that the distribution of magnetometer stations can be nonuniform. Near the geomagnetic equator,
several stations are required to determine the global diurnal variations that dominate this region and
result fran the equatorial electrojet. At midlatitude in the Northern Hemisphere, a longitudinal chain
of magnetometers is vital to the definition of substomm effects in the ionosphere and magnetosphere.
Though the auroral zone and polar cap, latitudinal chains of stations spaced 1° apart are necessary to
define and discriminate spatial from temporal variations of the ionospheric currents and supplying
field-aligned currents.

U.S. IMS Participation

In support of the coordination aspects of the IMS, the United States established the Satellite
Situation Center (SSC) and the IMS Central Information Exchange (IMSCIE) offices. The IMSCIE office,
operated by NOAA/NGSDC and headed by J.H. Allen, publishes the monthly IMS Newsletter containing
program plans, successful experiments and items of general interest. In addition to providing data and
information for the IMS Newsletter, the SSC, operated by NASA/NSSDC and headed by Dr. James I. Vette,
compiles and updates the Directory of Spacecraft and Experiment Scientific Contacts and computes and
distributes the times of satellite conjunctions. The SSC has also conducted the Coordinated Data
Analysis Workshops, a unique approach to the analysis of multidisciplinary data sets.

Of central interest to this report is the U.S.-supported geomagnetic observations program of
installing magnetometers, radio transmitters (for cawmunications with SMS/GOES satellites) and/or
magnetic tape recorders at 28 sites to complement/upgrade existing networks and facilities. The three
meridional chains of stations crossing the north polar region of the Western Hemisphere are identified
in IMS Newsletter 77-1 [1977] as the Alaska Chain, 12 stations between N61 and N89 near £265 (corrected
geomagnetic coordinates); the Alberta Chain, nine stations between N62 and N71 near E304; and the Fort
Churchill Chain, nine stations between N62 and N80 near E327. The U.S. IMS effort supports 10 Alaska
Chain stations, one Alberta Chain station and six Fort Churchill Chain stations. One zonal chain
located in the auroral zone and identified as the East-West Chain consists of seven stations near N68
and lies between E354 and E261; the other, called the Midlatitude Chain, consists of eight stations
near N19 and lies between E32 and £214 (from east to west). Here the U.S. IMS effort supports six



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Dorothy K. Kropp, ESSA Aeronomy and Space Data Center, Boulder, CO, January 1969, 170 pp,
$1.25.

UAG-5 "Data on Solar Event of May 23, 1967 and its Geophysical Effects," compiled by 3.
Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, Boulder, Co, February
1969, 120 pp, $0.65. .

UAG-6 "International Geophysical Calendars 1957-1969," by A.H. Shapley and J. Virginia Lincoln,
National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, March 1969, 25 pp,
$0.30.

UAG-7 "Observations of the Solar Electron Corona: February 1964-January 1968," by Richard T.
Hansen, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, Kamuela, HI, October 1969, 12 pp,
0.15.

uac-8 “Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity October 24 - November 6, 1968," Parts 1 and 2,
compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln, March 1970, 312 pp, $1.75 (includes Parts 1 and 2).

UAG-9 "Data on Cosmic Ray Event of November 18, 1968 and Associated Phenomena," compiled by J.
Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, Boulder, CO, April
1970, 109 pp, $0.55.

UAG-10 "Atlas of Ionograms," edited by A.H. Shapley, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial
Data Center, Boulder, CO, May 1970, 243 pp, $1.50,

UAG-12  "Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Geomagnetic Storm of March 8,
1970," Parts 1, 2 and 3, compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln and Dale B. Bucknam, World Data
Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, Boulder, CO, April 1971, 466 pp, $3.00 (includes
Parts 1-3).

UAG-13 "Data on the Solar Proton Event of November 2, 1969 through the Geomagnetic Storm of
November 8-10, 1969," compiled by Dale B, Bucknam and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data
Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, Boulder, CO, May 1971, 76 pp, $0.90.

UAG-14 "An Experimental, Comprehensive Flare Index and Its Derivation for ‘Major’ Flares,
1955-1969," by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, Pontiac,
MI, University of Michigan, July 1971, 25 pp, $0.30.

UAG-16 "Temporal Development of the Geophysical Distribution of Auroral Absorption for 30
Substorm Events in each of IQSY (1964-65) and IASY (1960)," by F.T. Berkey, University of
Alaska, Fairbanks, AK; V.M. Driatskiy, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute,
Leningrad, USSR; K. Henriksen, Auroral Observatory, Tromso, Norway; D.H. Jelly,
Communications Research Center, Ottawa, Canada; T.I. Shchuka, Arctic and Antarctic
Research Institute, Leningrad, USSR; A. Theander, Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, Kiruna,
Sweden; and J. ¥liniemi, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, September 1971, 131 pp,
$0.70.

UAG-17_ “Ionospheric Drift Velocity Measurements at Jicamarca, Peru (July 1967 - March 1970)," by
Ben B. Balsley, NOAA Aecronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO, and Ronald F. Woodman, Jicamarca
Radar Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru, October 1971, 45 pp, $0.55
(microfiche only).

UAG-18 "A Study of Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Magnetic Variations," by K. Kawasaki and Ss.
Akasofu, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, June 1972, 21 pp, $0.20.

UAG-19 "Reevaluation of Solar Flares 1967," by Helen W. Dodson and £. Ruth Hedeman,
McMath-Hulbert Observatory, University of Michigan, Pontiac, MI, and Marta Rovira de
Miceli, San Miguel Observatory, Argentina, June 1972, 15 pp, $0.15.

UaG-21 "Preliminary Compilation of Data for Retrospective World Interval July 26 - August 14,
1972," by J. Virginia Lincoln and Hope 1. Leighton, World Data Center A for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, CO, November 1972, 128 pp, $0.70.

UaG-22 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices (AS) for 1970," by Joe Haskell Allen,
National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, November 1972, 146
PP, $0.75.

UAG-23 "U.R.S.I, Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction," Second Edition, November
1972, edited by W.R, Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, UK and K. Rawer,
Arbeitsgruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, November 1972, 324 pp,
$1.75.



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East-West stations and all eight Midlatitude stations. Funding for the U.S. IMS effort was id
the National Science Foundation and NOAA. me was, provided by

The Alaskan Chain

___ The stations that at one time or another have been part of the Alaska Chain are identified in
Figure 1. It should be noted that the quality of Isachsen data comes under question on 18 March 1978
and Talkeetna began operating in May 1978. ‘The Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska
Operates the IMS equipment at Eureka, Isachsen, Johnson Point, Sachs Harbor, Cape Parry, Inuvik, Arctic
Village, Fort Yukon, and Talkeetna. The College magnetometer is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
as standard magnetic observatory. ‘The Mould Bay magnetometer is operated by the Canadian Department of
Energy, Mines and Resources as a standard magnetic observatory. The Anchorage magnetometer is part of
the High-Latitude Monitoring Station operated by NOAA/Space Environment Laboratory (SEL). All
instruments except the Anchorage one are triaxial fluxgate magnetometers.

Station Tanne
4 EUREKA 89.0°
2 ISACHSEN 85.2°
3 MOULD BAY 80.7°
4 JOHNSON POINT 77.6°
5 SACHS HARBOR 76,0°
6 CAPE PARRY 74.4°
7 INUVIK 74.0°
8 ARCTIC VILLAGE 68.6°
9 FORT YUKON 674°
10 COLLEGE 64.9°
44 TALKEETNA 62.9°
YZ ANCHORAGE 608°

Fig. 1. The IMS Alaska Meridian Chain of geophysical observatories.

Because of the expeditious manner in which these data were obtained, the standard IMS routine for
data handling was not followed. Each station's location, camponent data received and data transfer
mechanisn are identified in Table 1. Analog records of X, Y and % variations recorded at Eureka,
Isachsen (9-17 March 1978) and Mould Bay (9-23 March 1978) were digitized at l-min intervals. One-min
Mould Bay X, Y and % variations for 24 March - 27 April 1978 were received on magnetic tape. Ten-
second D, H and Z variations data from Johnson Point through Arctic Village were telemetered via
SMS/GOES satellites to SEL in Boulder. After processing, 5-min averages were recorded on magnetic tape
and forwarded by SEL. The l-min values of D, H and 2 variations fron Fort Yukon, College, and
‘Anchorage also were received from SEL but were transmitted to Boulder via the High-Latitude Monitoring

Station.

Due to the different formats of the data (14min point values, 1-min average values and S-min
average values of X, Y and Z or D, H and Z), initial efforts involved the development of a consistent
data base. We chose to use 5-min average values of AXm, AY and A%, defined as variations in the
invariant northward, eastward, and nadir directions, respectively, from a “quiet-day reference level."
Average values were calculated, the 12 March 1978 average value was subtracted, and the resulting
values were "rotated" appropriately for each station, These data comprise the plots shown on
succeeding pages for the seven northernmost stations, namely Eureka through Inuvik.

2

|
|
'
|
|



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