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JPRS-SSA-87-037

21 APRIL 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-87-037

21 APRIL 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Commerce Ministers Call for More Trade With East Bloc

(PANA, 22 Mar 87)

WHO Official Downplays AIDS Threat to Continent

(THE HERALD, 24 Feb 87)

ANGOLA

Defense Minister Reports South African Attacks

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 30 Jan 87) 4

RSA Aggression Plans, Relations With Cubans Discussed

(Henrique Olivais; TEMPO, 29 Jan 87) 6

Chipenda Discusses Political Situation, UNITA

(Daniel Chipenda Interview; AFRICA HOJE, Jan 87) 8

Journalist Describes Visit to UNITA, Interview of Savimbi

(LE FIGARO, 22 Jan 87) 13

Account of Visit, by Renaud Girard 13

Interview With Savimbi 16

Independent Clandestine Opposition Groups Discussed

(Carlos da Matta; SEMANARIO, 14 Feb 87) «... 19

Thousands Swell BPV Ranks in Namibe

(Misco Eonseca; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 31 Jan 87) 21

Director Describes 1986 Namibe Port Activities

(Misco da Fonseca; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 30 Jan 87) 23

Students in Lisbon Establish Organization

(Joao Barreiros; AFRICA HOJE, Jan 87) .... 26

- a -
Kuvango Health Center Reports Overcrowding, Shortages

(Gabriel Sobrinho; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 30 Jan 87) 28

Briefs

Refugee Aid Program 29

Cooperation With Cuba Increases 29

CAPE VERDE

CHAD

President Discusses Regional Issues, Relations With Neighbors

(Aristides Pereira Interview; LE SOLEIL, 6 Feb 87) 30

Briefs

PAICV Members Honored by Cuba 36

Defeated Libyan Forces at Ouadi Doum 'Lacked Motivation'

(Moussa Dago; Ndjamena Domestic Service, 31 Mar 87) 37

GUINEA-BISSAU

KENYA

Political Police Repression Reported Mounting

(EXPRESSO, 7 Mar 87) 39

Central Bank Governor Discusses Escudo, Franc Zones

(EXPRESSO, 7 Mar 87) 41

Ambassador Denies Government Role in Iran Arms Shipment

(DAILY NATION, 6 Mar 87) 42

Joint Cooperation Commission With Uganda Established

(DAILY NATION, 7 Mar 87) 43

Collective, Not Individual, Boycott Against RSA Urged

(Editorial; DAILY NATION, 3 Mar 87) 44

Text of Moi Speech Opening Parliament

(KENYA TIMES, 4 Mar 87) 46

Kibaki: Destabilizing Elements Must Be Pursued, Exposed

(Henry Chui; KENYA TIMES, 12 Mar 87) 51

Derailments Prompt Armed Escort of Passenger Trains

(Francis Raymond; DAILY NATION, 13 Mar 87) 53

Sentence for Membership in Clandestine Movement

(Andrew Kuria; DAILY NATION, 12 Mar 87) 54

- b
Opportunists Abroad Seen in League With Foreign Backing

(Editorial; KENYA TIMES, 7 Mar 87) 55

Briefs

Reshuffle State Corporation Directors 57

Wheat, Maize Prices Unchanged 57

Political Sermon 57

Joint Shipping Line 58

Butchers Union Price Increase 58

London Dissident 58

Defending Lawyer Detained 59

Electricity Demand Increase 59

LIBERIA

Culture, Tourism Bureaus Return to Information Ministry

(Monrovia Radio ELWA, 31 Mar 87) 61

MOZAMBIQUE

Petroleum, Natural Gas Exploration Protocol Signed With USSR

(NOTICIAS, 28 Feb 87) 62

Finance Minister Holds Meeting To Explain PRE

(NOTICIAS, 28 Feb 87) 63

Internal, External Dimensions of MNR Explained

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 18 Mar 87) 66

'Save the Children' $1.5 Million Emergency Aid to Zambezia

(NOTICIAS, 17 Feb 87) 71

DPPCCN Aided 106,000 Displaced Persons in Sofala in 1986

(NOTICIAS, 26 Feb 87) 73

Buzi Adminstrator Discusses Successes in Agriculture

(Antonio Sitoe; NOTICIAS, 17 Feb 87) 75

Beira Opens Repair Shop for Ship Motors

(NOTICIAS, 3 Mar 87) 78

Briefs

Beira Corridor Work 80

Chissano Replaces Governor, Bank Chairman 80

Displaced in Gurue District, Zambezia 80

Plows for Gaza 80

Indian Naval Presence 81

Bulgarians To Rehabilitate Geralco 81

- c -
NIGERIA

Briefs

Oil Industry Training Offered 82

Boost To Motor Industry 82

SENEGAL

PAI Congress Celebrates 30th Anniversary

(LE SOLEIL, 3 Feb 87; WAL FADJRI, 5 Feb 87) 83

Unification of Opposition, by Ibrahima Fall 83

Opposition Strives for Unity 85

Conflicting Reports on Casamance Separatists

(Baye Mousse; LE DEVOIR, 4 Feb 87) 87

Briefs

Afignan Dam Completion 89

SIERRA LEONE

Momoh on Importance of Agriculture, Petroleum Delivery

(DAILY MAIL, 18 Mar 87) 90

Mines Minister, Exporters Meet: Industry Limitations

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 11 Mar 87) 91

Diamond Sale Projections Remain Gloomy

(WE YONE, 14 Mar 87) 93

Produce Marketing Board Purchases Slow, Smuggling Suspected

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 19 Mar 87) 94

New Internal Air Flight Company Launching

(WE YONE, 14 Mar 87) 97

Government Compromises With Students: Colleges Reopen

(WE YONE, 14 Mar 87) 98

Briefs

Lebanese Cultural Union Elections 99

UGANDA

Briefs

Kampala PLO Office Reopened 100

ZIMBABWE

Labor Minister Predicts Increase in RSA Refugees

(Harare Domestic Service, 23 Mar 87) 101

- d -
Br:*"efs

New Refugee Camp for Mozambicans 102

Import Agreement With Japan 102

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Sharp Increase Reported in Defense Spending

(Thelma Tuch; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Mar 87) 103

Government Balances Security Action With Reform

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 25 Mar 87) 104

HNP Offers To Sign Pact if CP Accepts Changes

(SAPA, 24 Mar 87) 106

Briefs

Group Areas Said 'Not Discriminatory' 108

BLACKS

ANC Reportedly Opposes School Boycotts

(SAPA, 27 Mar 87) 109

Ciskei Rejects Transkei Chief's Call for Closer Ties

(SAPA, 29 Mar 87) I

11

Zulu Faction Fighting Kills 19 in Natal

(BBC World Service, 30 Mar 87) 112

1,000 Baragwanath Hospital Workers Strike

(SOWETAN, 27 Mar 87) U

3

Black Housing Shortage at 'Critical Stage'

(David Jackson; SUNDAY TIMES, 29 Mar 87) 115

Briefs

Schools 'Deserted' Following Killings 117

Transkei Faction Fighting Stops 117

3.6 Million Apply for ID Cards 117

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Wits Engineers Invent Rural Water Purification System

(Megan Jones; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 13-19 Mar 87) 119

Briefs

Manufacturing Production Up 121

Factory Production Up 121

Locally Produced Tractor 121

/9987 - e -
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

COMMERCE MINISTERS CALL FOR MORE TRADE WITH EAST BLOC

EA222124 Dakar PANA in English 1455 GMT 22 Mar 87

[Text] Addis Ababa, 22 Mar (PANA)—Africa should hold a special meeting to

define its position on important trade matters underlying the General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) multilateral trade negotiations. This

was recommended by the ninth session of African ministers of commerce, which

ended Friday night in Addis Ababa. To increase developing countries'

participation in the negotiations, a seminar will take place in Dakar at

a date to be fixed later.

Participants also expressed concern over the diversification of Africa's

trade partners. In this regard the two-day ministerial meeting suggested that

the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNSTAD), the UN Development

Programme (UNDP), the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ESA) and the Organization of African Unity (OAU) should continue to assist the continent with a

view to strengthening its "trade relations with socialist countries in

Eastern Europe". They should make the same proposal part of the multilateral trade negotiations and the global system of trade preferences.

African ministers considered the "negative" hold of transnational companies

on domestic and inter-African trade. Each country should solve this problem

according to its realities, they said. African countries were urged to start

a dialogue with these companies at national, sub-regional and regional

levels to identify the areas in which they could integrate their activities

in the development process.

The ministerial session also decided that transnational corporations should

support the efforts to achieve food self-sufficiency at the sub-regional

level, a view Prof Adebayo Adedeji of the ECA also expressed in his address

to the conference.

The ministerial conference also adopted resolutions on the fifth pan-African

fair and on the financial situation of the Association of African Trade

Promotion Organizations (AATPO). The member states of this association were

requested to pay their contributions and arrears to enable the AATPO play its

role in the Lagos plan of action for inter-African trade development. The
fifth fair will be held in July 1988 in Kinshasa under the theme

"Promotion of Inter-African Trade, an Integration Factor of African Economies'

The conference expressed satisfaction over the $500,000 grant the OAU gave

for the event.

Participants also considered the situation of fully and partly land-locked

as well as insular countries. They requested an assessment of existing

transit corridors and measures likely to strengthen them. A report will be

submitted on this issue to the next ministerial conference scheduled for

March 1988.

/9738

CSO: 3400/355
WHO OFFICIAL DOWNPLAYS AIDS THREAT TO CONTINENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Feb 87 pi

[Text]

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

THE head of the World

Health Organisation In

Africa, Dr Gottlieb Monekosso, yesterday set the

record straight about

Aids in Africa "because

the economies of some of

our countries are being

threatened by unreliable

and unverified Information".

In an Interview with

The Herald yesterday

the Congo-based regional

director said the truth

was:

• Aids (Acquired

Immune Deficiency Syndrome) did not exist In

Africa or anywhere else

in the world before 1980.

This was despite claims

by scientists that a virus,

resembling the Aids virus

had been identified in

particularly

areas prior

in

to

Africa,

remote

that.

# Aids was only a

serious problem in 10 African countries.

Dr Monekosso said the

WHO ofllce was not concerned about the origins

of the Aids virus but how

to combat the fatal disease.

"The world should

avoid setting up barriers

between peoples, countries and races because of

Aids. This is irresponsible

«nd based on unverified

and unreliable information that is

threatening the economies of some countries in

Africa."

Aids was only a problem in three or four African countries until ahnnt.

two years ago. The disease had followed the

main international air

travel routes.

Until about one year

ago, African countries

had been reluctant to talk

about Aids. "All African

countries, without exception, are now concerned about the spread

of the disease and are

joining the WHO in

strategies it has set out

to fight the disease,

vigorously."

Aids was contracted essentially toy sexual contact. Any bona fide tourist to Africa interested in

the continent's wonderful scenes "should have

no difficulty."

Dr Monekosso said that

It was in fact people who

"lived life beyond the

ordinary" like prostitutes,

drug a b u s e r s and

homosexuals and those

who generally liked excitement who were at

risk.

The WHO'S strategy to

combat Aids was:

• Public information

about Aids that included

avoiding unhealthy sex

practices.

• Protection of_ jmtlents

in hospital by testing

blood before it is transfused.

• Care in the manufacture and use of blood products.

>• Research to determine

the prevalence of the

Aids virus.

• The co-ordination of

national and district commutes to fight Aids.

Dr Monekosso stressed

that ithe majority of African countries had not

reported Aids as a major

problem. On the other

hand In some countries,

prostitutes were an unfortunate victim of poverty.

Borne European' countries had warned their

nationals against visiting some African countries because of Aids.

/13104

CSO: 5400/132
ANCOLA

DEFENSE MINISTER REPORTS SOUTH AFRICAN ATTACKS

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Jan 87 p 1

[Text] Pursuant to the 23 January 1987 communique issued by the Ministry of

Defense of the People's Republic of Angola concerning the launching of further

attacks by racist South Africa against the Angolan people, the following

information is provided.

On the morning of 24 January 1987, South African forces, including Battalions

52, 54 and 101, penetrated the province of Cunene at the 20 marker. They were

equipped with vehicles of the Kasper type, as well as artillery and aviation

resources. Shortly afterward these forces reached the localities of Chicuko

and Chitumbo, about 50 kilometers from our territory.

On that same day, enemy reconnaissance patrols were also reported in the areas

of Chiede, Evale and Chilau.

On 25 January 1987, pursuing their aggression, racist army forces made up of

a battalion with 34 vehicles of the Kasper and armored types, supported by

five fighter-bombers and 12 combat helicopters, attacked the commune of

Mongwa, 53.5 kilometers from Ondjiva.

At the same time they attacked our forces in Namalanka, 17.5 kilometers to the

east of Mongwa on the Mongwa-Xangongo highway, while other forces traveling in

four armored vehicles attacked the advance detachment in Kaluvango, 20

kilometers to the south of Cahama. That same day, the racists attacked one of

our Frontier Guard positions in Otchikango, resulting in the disappearance

of some combatants in the Angolan Frontier Guard Troops (TGFA).

As of the present, the South African troops are stil 1 in our territory, and

are carrying out intensive air and land patrols along the road linking

Xangongo with Ondjiva and preventing normal traffic for vehicles and goods,

while at the same time they are threatening Ondjiva and Xangongo.

Meanwhile, the enemy has increased reconnaissance flights over the province of

Kuando-Kubango, more precisely in the areas of Caiundo and Kuxi.

To date these actions have saddened us with the following casualties in our

forces: one individual dead, six missing and a number of vehicles destroyed.
The enemy has suffered the loss of 16 vehicles destroyed and one helicopter

shot down.

In connection with this aggression designed to hinder the elimination of

banditry, to destabilize southern Africa and as a result to perpetuate the

illegal occupation of Namibia, the Ministry of Defense once again informs the

domestic and international public of its condemnation of these acts of state

terrorism, which may lead to serious consequences.

The struggle continues!

Victory is certain!

Luanda, 29 January 1987, Year of the 10th Anniversary of the Party and the

Consolidation of the People's Regime

Col-Gen Pedro Maria Tonha (Pedale)

Minister of Defense

5157

CSO:3442/104
ANGOLA

RSA AGGRESSION PLANS, RELATIONS WITH CUBANS DISCUSSED

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 29 Jan 87 p 18

[Article by Henrique Olivais]

[Excerpt] Once again, the Luanda government denounces preparations for renewed

"South African aggression in Cunene province," while the news agency ANGOP

reports that UNITA forces attacked the Galanga commune in Huambo, resulting

in 133 civilian deaths and 53 injuries. Furthermore, a UNITA communique

states that there have been major upheavals in the relationship between the

MPLA armed forces (the FAPLA) and the Cuban soldiers that are stationed in

Angola, and that it has been announced that Chevron, the U.S. owner of Gulf

Oil that operates in Cabinda, is negotiating with European oil companies to

sell 20 percent of its operations in that region.

So, the situation in Angola is not terrific. Despite the fact that the

country is in the midst of the rainy season when military actions usually

quiet down, that is not happening this year. It is clear that UNITA has

been getting the best of this confrontation, which has been going on for more

than 10 years.

MPLA Accuses the South Africans

A communique from the Angolan Ministry of Defense signed by Col Pedro Maria

Tonha, "Pedale", warns of the danger posed by a possible attack with

unpredictable consequences and goes on to say that the South Africans are

again trying to launch a major act of aggression against Angola from a heavy

concentration of regular tmits stationed in Cunene province. The communique

also accused South African forces of having attacked an Angolan forces'

position 25 kilometers east of Xangongog on the 19th of this month.,

Relations Worsen Between Cubans and Angolans

As for the deterioration of the relations between Cubans and Angolans, the

UNITA communique specifically states that during the first half of this

month more than 1,000 people died of poisoning in Luanda's Kzenga bairro

because they ate food purchased from the Cubans that is presumed to have

been intended for the villages in the UNITA zones. There have been

incidents in both Kuanza Norte and in Malange since the 19th of this month.
In the former area, shots were exchanged between FAPLA troops and Cubans in

the Lukala neighborhood, claiming victims on both sides and forcing the local

population to take refuge in the nearby woods. In Malange, angry FAPLA

members attacked the Cuban barracks at the airport, causing substantial

damage to equipment and facilities.

In Moxico, the same communique says, the destruction of a bridge over the

Lunguebundo River in Kalapo sparked serious disputes between FAPLA and the

Cubans. The former were accused of conspiracy in light of the ease with which

the UNITA forces had managed to reach the bridge. As a result, the Cuban

contingent at the garrison of the destroyed bridge has been reinforced and

the head of general staff and ranking FAPLA officer, Monteiro Leal Ngongo,

was relieved of his duties.

UNITA believes that this series of events, culminating with the failure of the

announced re-taking of Gago Coutinho and Cangamba that Eduardo dos Santos

had promised the people of Moxico, caused great frustration in the inner

circles of the Luanda Government.

12830/12951

CSO: 3442/103
ANGOLA

CHIPENDA DISCUSSES POLITICAL SITUATION, UNITA

Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Jan 87 pp 20-21

[Interview with Daniel Chipenda; date and place not given]

[Text] The present leadership of the MPLA has embarked upon a process of

"national reconciliation," which, among other goals, is designed to summon all

of the dissidents back to the country and to promote the return of the

Angolans scattered throughout the world.

Among these dissidents is Daniel Chipenda, the man who, in the view of some

political analysts, held the fate of Angola in his hands and could have

changed the entire course of the history of that country, and perhaps southern

Africa. In exile for 10 or 11 years, he has enjoyed a "warrior's repose,"

after having during the colonial war been the single armed agent of the

Angolan people with an organized and functional army, during his "Eastern

Revolt."

[Question] Don't you think that the criticisms directed against you are to

some extent justified? In any case, you abandoned all of those who believed

in you, trading the savanna and the forest for Europe--you who enjoyed the

privilege of being regarded as the best African general in the colonial war.

[Answer] First of all, I would like to challenge this statement that I was

the "best African general." I was merely a soldier. I left the University of

Coimbra for the Angolan jungle for one single purpose—to make my contribution

to the struggle which our people had begun. And I would like to add that at

that time, our movement, the MPLA, was a political and military movement, and

as such it was my duty to head what was called at that time the "Eastern

Front." It is necessary here to define what the "Eastern Front" was, in order

to have a better understanding of the whole problem of the Angolan situation

at that time. In addition to this, we had the "Northern Front," which covered

the Second Region, Cabinda and the First Region. The Eastern Front covered

the Third, Fourth and Fifth Regions, each of which had its commander. And

there can be no doubt that our war was waged by all of those such as Hoji

YaHenda, Monimambo, Toka, Spencer and Kito, to mention but a few. Therefore I

do not agree to being called the "single African general." Our struggle was

waged not only by those who were engaged in direct combat, but by those who

fought anonymously, whom Africa can never forget.
[Question] Ue are getting away from our question, which had to do wi th the

criticisms made of you for abandoning Africa.

[Answer] I believe that I never abandoned the struggle, since I think that we

must at a certain time be in the exact place where we need to fight. When it

was necessary to be in the jungle, I was there. Today the struggle, in my

opinion, is completely different, and what is certain is that I have never

forgotten those who have always believed in me. I remember that when I

reached Portugal in 1979. I signed a document entitled "Reflection for All

Angolans Abroad." And in it I clearly defined the strategy which should be

pursued within the political context existing in our country. I never

abandoned the struggle, and I believe that it is not necessary to be where the

struggle is, but it is necessary to be at the points where, at a given time,

that struggle needs leadership.

[Question] One thing to which the UNITA clings (as a major weapon, moreover)

is the fact that Savimbi never left the jungle. Wasn't it a bad choice for

you to have dealt this trump card to the UNITA?

[Answer] I have always believed that each individual should wage the struggle

as best he sees fit or as best he knows how. Therefore I never worried about

whether he was in Zaire, Lusaka, Livingstone, Cangumbe, Morocco or Jamba.

My position was always clear, and I never concealed where I was or what I did.

I was where I felt my presence was most needed, and I do not think that I

dealt Savimbi any trump cards! To paraphrase Luther King, I say that it is

not the "struggle with fists which we need to establish now, but rather the

struggle of ideas." The era of violence, as far as I am concerned, did not

lead to anything, because the language must be different.

[Question] And do you believe that you can achieve dialogue in Angola, where

the UNITA is concerned, now that the MPLA is making such an appeal for a

meeting with the dissidents?

[Answer] I think that the MPLA has clearly defined its position on this

subject. But I believe that it falls to the government of Angola to answer

the question you asked. My particular thinking, however, is that it would be a

very important step for our country to embark on dialogue. But one thing is

certain—the government of Angola will pursue very specific and positive

measures in connection with the dissidents.

Savimbi—An Alternative for Government

[Question] Excuse me for interrupting you. Do you regard Savimbi as a

dissident or as a competitor for power?

[Answer] I cannot honestly regard Savimbi as an MPLA dissident, because he

always defined himself as its opponent, whether in the UPA/SNLA or in the

UNITA, and even if we focus on his tactical involvement in the MPLA, when he

was a'student in Lisbon and in Switzerland in 1960, or when he was minister of

the Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile (GRAF), and later in the FNLA

in 1964. I see him more as an alternative for winning government power.
[Question] But let us return to the most interesting point, your approach to

the government in Luanda, which surprised many people. Concretely, what

proposal did you offer it?

[Answer] It is necessary to explain that my approach is above all connected

with the current policy defined in Luanda, calling for immediate reintegration

and reconciliation.

I made no proposal nor did I demand any in exchange. But I believe that the

fact that I have always fought for the unity of the Angolan people led us to

think that it would be a positive thing if they chose me to make this effort a

reality. For my part, 1 think that the moment had come for me to make this

contribution, to which I am really committed. There are many things I regard

as basic on which there is a consensus, so that this task can be a success.

[Question] Could it be reported, then, that Chipenda wi 11 head amovement

devoted to making every effort to bring about the return of the Angolans?

[Answer] Ue are going to establish and define structures, where I am

concerned, and I think that the government in Luanda has focused on this

question in depth, and that there has been profitable work within this

context. I do not say that this effort has already reached all of the strata

of our people abroad, but it has now begun.

[Question] It will be, then, a beginning movement.

[Answer] That is exactly right!

Terrorism in Africa

[Question] And what about security? What guarantees can the government

offer? The attacks and kidnappings are continuing.

[Answer] Let us analyze the situation objectively. When a war is being

waged, the first thing to be done is to define the enemy. During the colonial

war, we established that this was Portuguese colonialism. And the struggle

was always focused on the Portuguese army. There was not a single time in all

the history of our struggle that a civilian prisoner was taken. And I ask

whether the UNITA and the RENAME will clearly define their enemy. In my view,

there is a confusion in definition, and for this reason they turn to

kidnapping civilians, which is regarded in every country of the world as a

violation of human rights. Because anyone who enters a home with weapons, and

using threats,forces a family, or anyone at all, to march many many

kilometers, even if these individuals come to us later to say that they were

well treated—in my view, they were at the outset victims of aggression, of

acts of terrorism and banditry pure and simple. And if we look at it, it is

this that may constitute that lack of security which still exists in Angola

at this time. It is terrorism, which we must combat just as it is being

combated and condemned in the rest of the world, in the various forms in which

it appears—the hijacking of airplanes or bombings. But for this struggle, it

is necessary to Slave international support!

10
[Question] But returning to you. Your initial disagreement when you

challenged the "paternalistic and dictatorial hegemony of Agostinho Neto

(which continues as a myth), an idol whom some see with feet of clay" is

public knowledge. Does your much discussed return mean that there has in fact

been a turnabout? Is there now a clear approach to the West?

[Answer] It is a fact that this disagreement is public knowledge, and it has

already been so much discussed that I do not see any point in talking of it

further. As to the prevailing policy in Luanda, I am not the one defining it.

I am unfamiliar with the structures of the MPLA, and I believe that you should

ask your question of the bodies which have greater authority to respond.

[Question] We asked the question because we reasoned that if in the Neto era

you would not agree to collaborate with the MPLA, whereas now you will, it is

because you have seen that there has been a change in policy.

[Answer] Obviously there is a change! Today there is a desire for dialogue,

which never existed in the past.

[Question] And your time in the FNLA—how do you justify it?

[Answer] Here too I would like to be specific, because my activities with the

FNLA created doubt in many Angolans and even led to the questioning of my

political position. But let me explain. After 1974, when our congress failed

to achieve a consensus, the MPLA divided into three factions—that of

Agostinho Neto, the Active Revolt, and the Eastern Revolt (which I was obliged

to take over). And there is another important point. The Eastern Revolt was

one thing and the Eastern Front another. The Eastern Revolt was a movement of

challenge by militants in the MPLA in the East. They were combatants who had

made their contribution to the struggle. These combatants made demands. And

it was precisely the challenge from these militants and their revolt, and the

impossibility that they could be controlled by Agostinho Neto, which led the

OAU to ask me to assume control of these militants so as to avoid a harmful

struggle. It was Presidents Ruanda and Nyerere who asked me to take over, not

the command of these militants, but rather control of them (it is very

important that this be made quite clear), guiding them in the direction of

obtaining a consensus within the MPLA before its congress, at which,

unfortunately, we did not reach any agreement. And when it came to Al vor, the

Portuguese government at that time accepted only a part of the movement (the

faction of Agostinho Neto), excluding the others. The Eastern Revolt, which

then involved 10,000 combatants and represented the bulk of the militants in

the MPLA who were really fighting, was excluded, pure and simple, in the Alvor

Accord. What alternatives were there for an alliance? There were the UNITA,

the FNLA, and Agostinho Neto (who was excluded at the outset, obviously).

There remained the other two movements, which would march, weapons in hand,

into Angola. What were we to do? Fight again? And against whom? Against

our comrades in the MPLA? At that point it became clear that one thing was

important—to protect these 10,000 men who were excluded from the current

political context of the country. We had only two solutions, an alliance with

the UNITA or with the FNLA. And when I studied the problem, I Saw that the

choice had to be properly made. Civil war was inevitable. And we still

11
believed that the Alvor Accords would be respected, and that the process of

winning independence would develop with general elections. Thus if we engaged

in an alliance with the UNITA, we would be regarded as a tribal movement,

because both Savimbi and I belong to the same ethnic group (or almost the

same). And this would mean that there would be a struggle between the North

and the South (because the FNLA was of the North, pure and simple), and with

this alliance, it would become a national movement.

This was what was contemplated and realized. But we did not distort our

nature with this alliance. Ue maintained our identity. It was only a tactic

with a view to the elections, which in the end were not held!

[Question] And in conclusion, one somewhat impertinent question. There are

those who say that Chipenda is nothing but an opportunist. I would like to

hear your comments.

[Answer] One must ask what is meant by opportunist. Any politician must do

what is expedient. If this is truly being an opportunist, I confirm that I am

one and offer myself for punishment!

5157

CSO:3442/105

12
ANGOLA

JOURNALIST DESCRIBES VISIT TO UNITA, INTERVIEW OF SAVIMBI

Account of Visit

Paris LE FIGARO in French 22 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by Renaud Girard "Angola: With the Anticommunist Resistance"; first

paragraph is LE FIGARO introduction]

[Text] On 25 October, Francois Leotard received at Republican Party

headquarters Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA, the liberation movement that

since 1975 has been fighting the Soviet-Cuban control over Angola. During

this interview, Francois Leotard promised that a delegation of his party would

visit him. The promise was kept. Willy Dimeglio, Daniel Colin, and Gilles de

Robien, all three deputies, spent a week in the field with the UNITA fighters.

Our special envoy accompanied them.

A child waved a UNITA flag, a cock and rising sun on green background,

bordered with two red stripes. He was there with his parents and was

watching, dumbfounded, the spectacle of the huge popular gathering, the

welcome ceremony for the foreign guests of President Savimbi at Jamba, the

"temporary capital" of UNITA. The morning heat, which I already found

overwhelming, did not seem to affect the crowd of soldiers, families, and

schoolchildren, lined up in squares around what amounted to a small stadium in

the bush.

In front of the platform were huge colored banners, all hand-sewn flags, hung

from a structure made of wood and vines. One could see the major African

leaders, past or present, Nkrumah, Senghor, Houphouet, and Mobutu, as well as

Savimbi's meetings with Reagan at the White House and Chaban-Delmas at the

Palais Bourbon.

To a background of drums or orchestra playing Zairian music, there was a

succession of poems, songs, and "political" dances. All suggesting or

explaining the sufferings of the Angolan people since the Soviet-Cuban

occupation (1975) and hence calling for Western support. Then came the

speeches, made in Portuguese, the common language, punctuated by cheers from

the crowd.

The spectacle reminded me of the big celebrations of the Chinese Cultural

Revolution. Savimbi received his revolutionary education in Peking in 1966.

13
He said of this experience: "I learned there, how to wage, and win a guerrilla

war; I also understood there that any collp.ctivist economy is doomed to

failure." Savimbi turned against the communists their own weapons of

revolutionary war, in order to sweep Soviet ideology out of Angola and restore

a society based on private agriculture, free initiative, and free practice of

its religion and tribal customs.

The constant political mobilization of the million Angolans (out of a total

population of 8 million) who have joined UNITA is undeniably strengthening the

zone, the sanctuary, that they administer. However, in face of the military

pressure of an expeditionary corps of 30,000 Cubans, supported by several

thousand Soviet, East German or North Korean advisers, and in face of a

communist Angolan army equipped with Soviet heavy equipment, one must aboveall have good soldiers.

In a patch of bush around Jamba, we watched the very serious training in the

recruit school. The combat course uses real ammunition. A young soldier

crawled under a horizontal netting of barbed wire: two instructors fired

bursts above and around him, to get him used to fire.

UNITA had just received from the United States 106 mm recoil less guns mounted

on jeeps, the ideal antitank weapon. A broad clearing served as practice

area. A T65 captured tank emerged. The jeeps, located along the clearing

edge, fired bursts of tracer ammunition from directing weapons linked to the

106 guns: each red explosion on the tank's armor indicated that the round had.

hit the target.

The front? Strictly speaking there is none, in a country twice the size of

France and whose countryside is in large part uninhabited. UNITA, which

blends into the population like a fish in water, carries out attacks

throughout the country. The government army and the Cubans maintain garrisons

at the edge of the sector held by UNITA, at Cazombo and Cuito-Cuanavale, from

which they annually launch, without success, a massive attack by conventional

forces to retake Mavinga, which fell into UNITA hands 6 years ago.

From Mavinga we asked to go to this intangible front, or at least to the

forces waiting for a possible enemy attack.

We climbed in the back of a huge Soviet "Ural" truck along with a dozen

soldiers, some armed with a sight rifle, some with a Kalashnikov, and some

with RPG 7 rocket-launchers: heading north-west. An oppressive sun (it was

southern summer in Angola).

The Ural moved with difficulty on a sand track with ruts up to half a meter

deep. Only a few elephants or antelopes came to break the monotony of this

bush oppressed by light. Suddenly, after 4 hours of travel, and a forest that

we believed uninhabited and uninhabitable, armed men emerged from everywhere.

Here and there a few acres of corn. The driver stopped at the edge of a

clearing.

30-Year-Old General

The scene was impressive: impeccably drawn up, 2,000 fighters awaited us at

attention. The general commanding the parade was not more than 30 years old.

14
He had earned his stars in the severe communist offensive of 1985. Savimbi,

an affirmed admirer of Bonaparte and De Gaulle, has surrounded himself with

very young generals, primarily field men.

We could not distinguish anything on the plain, 50 meters away, but everywhere

under the trees there was a furrowing of trenches and shelters. Anyone coming

from the north across the plain would be massacred in the forest. Supply?

The basic food is the African corn meal ball. The corn is grown all around

Mavinga. The general added, however, that living conditions were very hard

there. When possible, he said, we organize relief, so that the. men can go to

see their families in Jamba.

"I am struck by the absence of the enemy air raids, in contrast to last year.

Don't the Cubans and government forces go out anymore?"

"You know, our antiaircraft capability has increased a lot since March 1986,"

the general told me, without wanting to say more. However, that is an open

secret. Everyone knows that after the Reagan-Savimbi meeting in January 1986,

the United States delivered Stinger antiaircraft missiles—the latest thing:

both very high performance and easy to handle (portable on a man's back). In

9 months, Luanda has lost some 40 planes. The Stinger has introduced a

qualitative change in the war."

Evening fell on Mavinga, an attractive colonial village, today in ruins.

Farmers returned from the fields. On the facade of a gutted building the word

Escuela—school—is still legible. Pretty villas with columns, of the former

colonists, face onto a central avenue of bougainvilleas. "We would like to

have kept the Portuguese by giving them Angolan citizenship," said my guide.

"There is a place for everyone here. The colonists were very good farmers.

They could have greatly contributed to the national prosperity. However, the

MPLA (the communist party in power in Luanda) drove them out by practicing a

policy of terror."

The next day, early in the morning, after a night spent in semi-buried huts,

we returned to the Mavinga airfield, a simple earth runway, without even a

windsock. The plane was not there. What had happened? Radio contact v/as

made with Jamba: "The Dakota will be an hour late." And then the DC 3, a

veteran of the 1940-1945 war, landed with a a proud look, its big round nose

pointed up. As soon as the loading was finished, it took off again.

I went into the cockpit. Flying close to the ground to avoid the Cuban radar,

the pilots seemed in a happy mood. The altimeter never showed more than 60

feet. Leap-frogging over the protruding trees. That was the real piloting of

the heroic times of aviation. Young South African Boers, scrappy fellows,

they had bought two old DC 3's for nothing, equipped them, and offered their

charter services throughout southern Africa. One day UNITA, another day the

Red Cross, another day a safari.

Town of Huts

Landing on a strip in the middle of the bush, a distance of 1 hour by Jeep to

Lik.ua, UNITA's major logistical center. General Bock, 1.5 meters tall,

15
lacking one arm, pistol in his belt, a hero of the war and today the top man

in supply services, took us on a visit, not without pride, to the "sinews of

war." The Likua huts extend for kilometers: unbombable. In the center of the

"town," electricity poles distribute power provided by a large central

generator. A workshop equipped with old lathes from the 1950's, captured from

the enemy, produces spare parts for the trucks or weapons.

In another workshop, the engines of Soviet trucks are removed, to be replaced

by Mercedes Benz engines, which are better resistant to heat. One large hut

is the site for a mechanics course given to future UNITA drivers. Underground

there is arranged a museum of "weapons captured from the enemy." A village of

huts serves as the hospital, with its various services: maternity,

orthopedics, pediatrics, etc. The two doctors were trained in Portugal. The

high school? The classrooms are in open air, with benches and a blackboard.

French, the second language after Portuguese, is well taught. Only books are

lacking.

A whole village has been built for the people handicapped and mutilated by the

war. It was a moving reception by this limping crowd, to the sound of songs

and drums. There were children with only one leg who had stepped on Soviet

antipersonnel mines, and a women with one arm amputated "as the result of a

bayonet thrust by a Cuban who wanted to take away my son for the army."

Many carried prostheses made out of wood under supervision of two young

kinesthetic-therapeutic specialists of the French humanitarian organization

"Operation Handicap International," who have had the courage and heart to go

and spend 6 months there, among the maimed, in an arid bush where there is no

such thing as fresh fruit.

The society here does not deal with money: UNITA gives to each according to

his needs. Each has a well-defined social function, a "job." One could not

imagine a more meticulous social organization in a more inhospitable

environment. "Without that we would be dead," the general told me. It is

Maoist organization defying Soviet-Cuban imperialism.

Interview with Savimbi

Paris LE FIGARO in French 22 Jan 87 p 2

[Text] Willy Dimeglio, Daniel Colin, Gilles de Robien and Renaud Girard

talked at length with Jonas Savimbi. The following are significant excerpts:

Question: What is the status of your relations with France?

Answer: At a certain time, France stopped helping us. You have read the book

by Alexandre de Marenches. Giscard did not follow the advice of his services,

which recommended aid. There has not been any more, for a long time. Then

UDF [French Democratic Union] individuals, such as Jean-Francois Deniau,

resumed the contact on a personal basis and came to see us.

Question: Why did Carter and Giscard abandon Angola to the Soviet camp in

1875?

16
Answer: The West abandoned Angola because it was not in the colonization zone

of a great European power. When the West realized that the Russian goal m

Angola was to create "the front on the South Atlantic for their navy and a base

for conquest against the entire southern Africa, its mineral wealth, and the

strategic Cape route, it was too late. There was no strategy ready. If the

West had allowed Hassan II to intervene, the matter would have been settled,

and the Soviets and Cubans would not be occupying Angola today.

Question: You have always said you are in favor of negotiation and national

reconciliation. What do you plan to propose to the MPLA (the communist party

in sole power in Luanda) ?

Answer: We have always been in favor of negotiation. It was the MPLA that

forced us to take up arms in 1975 by violating the past agreements and by

carrying out a communist coup d'etat supported by a Cuban expeditionary force.

Today we are stronger than ever. We have been able to totally neutralize the

enemy air force and partially the tanks.

Question: Thanks to the American aid?

Answer: The American aid has produced a considerable change in the field.

However, this very strength prompts us to negotiate. I believe that Angola

belongs neither to the MPLA nor to UNITA. It belongs to the Angolans. Once

the foreign forces have left the country, what, is necessary is a transition

government and the organization of free elections. The new government should

include all the national and regional political forces.

Question: However, is not the MPLA afraid that after you come to power you

will eliminate it?

Answer: That would be foolish on my part: because in turn I would have a

guerrilla war against me.

Question: Have you had contacts with MPLA figures?

Answer: Yes, we see them abroad. Always discreetly. They tell us: "You are

right, we should start a discussion. The majority in Luanda think so. The

Cuban occupation is costing the country dearly." However, they still ask us

not to reveal their identity. That is the problem, who in Luanda will have

the courage to say to the Soviets: "We want to negotiate"?

Question: What are the conditions that would lead to an end to the conflict?

Answer: Mobilization of international public opinion is essential.

Certainly, people say: "No one has ever succeeded in expelling the Soviets.

However, in the long run, the Russians are sensitive to public opinion:

otherwise, they would never have arranged this pretense of a withdrawal in

Afghanistan. They do not. like to be called imperialists.

Question: And the diplomatic action?

Answer: There are many contacts between the West and the Cubans. Why not

tell them on each occasion: "What are you doing there, in Africa?" Why didn t

17
Guy Penne ask the question in his talk with Fidel Castro? The day when Castro

feels he has all of Western diplomacy against him, he will think about it.

That is not the case today.

Illusion of Nonalignment

Question: And American diplomacy?

Answer: During my trip to Paris I saw Chester Crocker (the American secretary

for African affairs). He said to me: "You must give them something." I

answered: "A naval base? But in final analysis," Crocker, "are you our allies

or aren't you? Therefore play with your cards on the table." Then he said to

me: "The Soviets are not ready to sacrifice their clients. Be intelligent,

give them the guarantees that their clients will not be wiped out."

Question: Your enemies portray you as a South African puppet. What do you

answer?

Answer: Yes, I receive South African help, as also do other African and Arab

countries. The day when the South Africans understood that we had a common

adversary, they decided to help me. However, I have always condemned

apartheid. Happily, it is today a dead ideology, unexportable. Even in South

Africa, everyone is thinking about how to put the apartheid system to death.

The good God did not ask our permission when he put Angola in southern Africa.

I need foreign aid, even it must come through Namibia.

Question: Do you still believe in nonalignment?

Answer: It is an illusion for the whole world. Castro himself is a member of

the nonaligned movement. One must not be naive; there are two camps: the

Soviet camp and the Western camp. Our choice is clear: to be in the Western

camp, from the moment that we have the means to make our national decisions

ourselves.

9920

CSO: 3419/92

18
ANGOLA

INDEPENDENT CLANDESTINE OPPOSITION GROUPS DISCUSSED

Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 14 Feb 87 p 51

[Article by Carlos da Matta]

[Text] The sentencing to death of Moises Andre Leitao, principal figure in a

clandestine group, seems to represent a warning by the Luanda regime against

the independent clandestine opposition groups which emerged a long time ago

in embryonic form and could assume major proportions at any moment.

If not commuted, the execution of the sentence will be tantamount to a declaration

of war. Observers of the Angolan scene add that the more orthodox figures in

the MPLA-PT fear that the emergence of a "non-UNITA opposition" would have

repercussions within the government party itself, where some elements acknowledge

(only timidly, so far) the necessity for a radical change in policy. At the

same time, they would not like to witness the development of a force that has

the ability to mobilize those large sectors of the population that have

identified themselves with any of the parties in the war..

The clandestine opposition is composed of several small groups and is in

response to public dissatisfaction with the war, economic chaos, and political

intolerance. Almost all ideologies are present but—except for minor

groups that urge an authoritarian capitalism or orthodox communism—there is

a consensus that democracy and development are the conditions for eliminating

the raison d'etre of the war.

The majority of these groups are anonymous and so far only the "independent

democrats" (dem.in.) have become known, perhaps because they managed to

contact elements in the foreign press and human rights organizations. With

the sentencing of about two dozen individuals, the acronym MUSA has become

familiar but no one knows yet whether it can survive the imprisonments.

Essentially, all these groups rely on the strength of African word-of-mouth

to pass on their messages and, in some cases, photocopies of articles published

abroad.

As we have already reported here, the phenomenon is not new in Angola; 30 years

ago it led to the war for independence, with the difference that .the groups

of that era used acronyms with greater frequency. Repression, however,

19
finished off almost all of them. Only the movements headquartered in exile

survived, by reintroducing militants into the country and even welcoming the

survivors of the smaller groups.

"Useful Rearguard"

Today's independent opposition runs the same risk. For example, the dem.

in. hesitates to expand its membership for fear of political infiltration.

Meanwhile, they are beginning to attach importance to working among the

numerous Angolan expatriates, not only because a high number of cadres

necessary to the future development of the country are to be found in that

group, but also because they would be a "useful rearguard in case of

emergency."

For now, the sentences given Moises Andre and his associates will tarnish

even further the image of the regime, since a campaign of solidarity with

the prisoners is already in the planning stages. The government justifies

the penalties by saying that this group was a violent one. In general, the

small anti-government groups have taken a non-violent line, opposed to the

war, but a growing impatience is perceptible in certain sectors in light of

the prolongation of a situation that is unbearable for those who fought

against the oppression of the old regime and were promised freedom and

progress.

Furthermore, if the various independents remain in the formative stages for

a long time witout engaging in activities that bring them to the de facto

attention of public opinion, they will be relegated to a fairly insignificant

or ephemeral existence and will be wasting the historic opportunities of the

moment.

The independent democrats still believe that "we must give peace a chance"

and they suggest that, together with other domestic and foreign elements,

they could launch a "democratic campaign for peace in Angola" and form a

human rights league. These are initiatives which, if they gain strength,

could contribute to unblock a situation whose principal characteristic has

been immobility.

We will see if they are capable of doing this and we will also see whether

the authorities understand the popular discontent of which the emergence of

independent groups is a symptom, or whether they will persist in their view

that any and all opposition "is an imperialist maneuver."

Meanwhile, thereis growing expectation as to the content of a document that the

Catholic Church—author of three pastoral letters on national reconciliation—

will publish later this month on the five hundredth anniversary of the

conversion of Angola to Christianity. The church is not linked to any

political party or group, but its moral stance is very influential.

12830/12951

CSO: 3442/103

20
ANGOLA

THOUSANDS SWELL BPV RANKS IN NAMIBE

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 31 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Misco Fonseca]

[Text] Namibe—The defense of the socialist fatherland is the duty of all.

It is on the basis of this principle that the Popular Vigilante Brigades in

this province are, day after day, consolidating the organization of popular

defense.

Thus, in a spirit of patriotism and discipline, the Popular Vigilante Brigades

in Namibe are carrying out their multiple tasks pursuant to the directions

issued by the MPLA-Labor Party and the government, closing ranks and

strengthening their new base and middle-level structures.

These measures were made very clear during the first provincial assembly held

recently, which culminated in the election of the new provincial committee,

made up of 40 members, and an executive board of seven. Provincial party

committee member Gilberto Mendes is the coordinator.

At the first assembly, 11 delegates to the National Assembly and three

National Committee candidates were also elected. Some women were included.

An increase in combat readiness, as well as an increase in training activities

for brigade members, is already possible within the framework of the tasks

being carried out by the new provincial committee. The development of

projects, the raising of the level of exigency in the organization and the

holding of consciousness-raising campaigns and lectures, as well as the

planning of concrete tasks, are among the tasks already undertaken.

The intensive battle being waged against saboteurs will be the keynote for the

11,885 brigade members under the supervision of the provincial office of the

Popular Vigilante Brigades.

According to the coordinator, Gilberto Mendes, 228 intermediary brigades and

six municipal brigades are scattered throughout the entire province.

A total of 134 operational centers and special groups and 456 health groups

have been established, and they have partially reduced some of the

21
difficulties encountered in their areas of action. Gilberto Mendes said that

the development of the brigades is satisfactory, as is the work of the study

circles.

Currently the brigades are exchanging experience with Cuban internationalists

in the revolutionary defense committee, with principal emphasis on the

brigades which will receive advanced political training. The 11,000 brigade

members, of whom 305 are party members, 266 are members of the Organization of

Angolan Women, 401 are members of the Party Youth and 448 are workers

belonging to the UNTA, have achieved a greater awareness in the course of

these activities, mainly where the voluntary campaigns and joint patrols with

the forces of domestic order and security are concerned.

The income reported by the provincial office of the BPV comes to a total of

1,286,385 kwanzas, and this has enabled the members to develop material

conditions and structures, the coordinator said.

Support from other bodies is a constant factor, since the role of the brigade

member must preponderantly be in the defense of assets. This factor has made

a certain calm possible for the workers, since the crime level has dropped

substantially.

Vigilance has increased with the establishment of more intermediary

committees. There are 26 in the city of Namibe, 14 in the municipality of

Tombwa, 5 in Bibala and 7 in Virei.

For this year, the brigades are prepared to guarantee observance of the

instructions which will be issued by the national conference and strict

control of the revolutionary people's guard, while also giving economic

objectives priority, perfecting the work groups and promoting seminars for the

training and perfecting of their members.

The holding of lectures of an ideological nature and the establishment of a

program of recreational activities for children, in col laboration with the

Party Youth, will be included in the range of activities of the brigade

members, who also have the task of ensuring the full success of the third

People's Sea Festivals.

5157

CSO:3442/104

22
ANGOLA

DIRECTOR DESCRIBES 1986 NAMIBE PORT ACTIVITIES

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Misco da Fonseca]

[Text] The commercial port of Namibe, since it is the key arrival point for

the goods which provide the food, technical and material supplies for the

southern region of the country, including the provinces of Cunene, Huila,

Kuando-Kubango and Namibe, inevitably plays an important role in the

cooperative sector and in the economic development picture.

Its responsibilities also include the development of maritime trade and the

resolution of innumerable problems, particularly access for and storage of

cargo.

The port director, Humberto Dias Ataide, who described the general activity of

the Namibe port enterprise in an interview granted to JORNAL DE ANGOLA, said

that 1986 was a landmark year for the commercial port because of two factors,

the first being the reduction in the volume of goods and the second the

sabotage efforts ofSouth African racists.

\lhere the goods handled are concerned, Humberto Ataide said that the goods

removal plan initially called for 160,000 tons, whereas the total handled last

year was 152,000. This reduction was caused by the limited navigation carried

out because of the austerity measures implemented.

Last year 378 vessels docked in the commercial port, of which 287 were coastal

vessels, including 60 oil tankers, 5 [botaneiroes] and 204 regular shipping

vessels. In terms of income, the ship traffic and goods unloaded brought in

more than 662,400 kwanzas of the 108 million for which the plan called.

However, according to Humberto Ataide, while on the one hand the enterprise

earned profits making it possible to maintain an intensive rate of activity,

there were on the other hand difficulties, despite the reduced cargo volume,

mainly where the storage of goods was concerned.

He emphasized that it is not always possible to unload all of the goods

arriving simultaneously, because the appropriate facilities, particularly

railroad equipment, are limited.

23
Along with the goods arriving in sacks, foodstuffs in particular, the storage

of which poses a serious problem, the port enterprise is also having serious

difficulties in handling the goods unloaded in containers.

According to the statements made by the enterprise director, the commercial

port has recently been overcrowded, with an excessive number of containers

because of the very limited number of trucks equipped to remove them.

On the other hand, the situation has recently been made more difficult by the

fact that it is not always possible to obtain the documentation need to ship

the goods. This leads to excessive accumulations, as well as deterioration of

the cargo or its loss or theft, according to Humberto Ataide.

However, he gave assurance that emergency measures have already been

undertaken to deal with the situation. In this connection, he explained that

the task of the agents is to help with the immediate removal of arriving

cargo.

In connection with the possibility that these circumstances will occur again,

this official said that "A great effort should be made as ships are arriving

to ensure that the goods unloaded will be shipped out immediately, so that

they can be stored at the destination itself."

In discussing the problem of equipment, the director of the port of Namibe

said that the enterprise management has had great difficulty in obtaining the

spare parts for some machinery, such as the stackers, because, he said, the

Commercial Transportation Enterprise (ETRACI), which is responsible for their

import, cannot meet the demand.

"Ue intend to correct this situation by purchasing the parts needed to

rehabilitate a substantial number of machines, but without requiring the

country to make any foreign exchange expenditure," he said.

In connection with the maintenance of this equipment, the enterprise has

excellent collaborators in the SOREL technicians and the cooperative

professors who teach at the Helder Neto-Middle Level Institute of

Oceanography, Humberto Dias said. He added that the enterprise lacks skilled

cadres in various sectors such as mechanics, electrotechnology and civil

construction.

On the other hand, the director of the commercial port of Namibe also

mentioned the difficulties resulting from the lack of reliable transport

facilities for the enterprise workers.

Future Development

With a view to further development of the Namibe port structures, a German

firm made a study of ways of adapting the port to the future socioeconomic

development of the region. This adaptation will fall within the context of

the general development of the ports in the country, mainly those in Luanda,

Kwanza-Sul and Lobito. In this connection, plans for the commercial port call

for extending the wharves and the expansion of the loading and unloading area,

24
as well as equipping the port with facilities for the removal of goods, either

by highway or railroad. Humberto Ataide added that a number of projects have

been drafted by the tecnoproject Enterprise, including a plan for paving the

entire port area, a proposal for the expansion of the building, and a special

program for strengthening the wharf complex, which has received particular

attention from the sponsoring ministry because of its importance.

The projects now being pursued also include the construction of warehouses

with controlled temperatures for the storage of corrosive goods or products,

and also small grains. It was emphasized that this commercial port is a part

of the SADCC program.

Physical Protection of the Port

Concerning this aspect, particularly with regard to its installations, the

director stressed that the oldest workers are members of the frontier militia

units, while the others are members of the Popular Vigilante Brigades.

This port has a police unit and can thus deal with a whole series of problems,

since strict control of the movements of individuals other than employees is

now possible, and also efficient work has been done in detaining possible

saboteurs and controlling products which formerly disappeared.

Social Conditions for the Workers

The commercial port has a dining room for the workers who live in settlements

distant from the city and a medical center. In the literacy sector, the

progress of those learning to read and write has been reasonable. As to party

structures, the enterprise has a party committee made up of four cells and a

Party Youth group.

Prospects

According to Humberto Ataide, a number of difficulties will be eliminated this

year, such as, for example, the shortage of water experienced in the workers'

quarter. The enterprise has arranged with a firm to drill for water at a

depth of 55 meters.

The construction of 10 housing units for the workers, as well as removal of

the shipwrecked vessel Havana, are among the other tasks to be carried out by

the Namibe port enterprise.

5157

CSO.-3442/104

25
ANGOLA

STUDENTS IN LISBON ESTABLISH ORGANIZATION

Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Jan 87 p 29

[Article by Joao Barreiros]

[Text] The League of Students Born in Angola (LENA) has now been legally

established, and it will attempt to assist the neediest students. Agostinho

Eduardo, its spokesman, explained to AFRICA HOJE what this association will

represent in practice.

"The student born in Angola is a needy young person, and we feel that there is

a great task to be undertaken by an association concerned with this problem."

The president of the board of directors of the LENA, who is also its

spokesman, is an Angolan worker-student. He is 28 years old and is in his

second year at the Facul ty of Law in Lisbon.

In addition to the board of directors, which has five members, the League has

two other bodies, a general assembly and a supervisory council. It was legally

established in November of last year, and it represents itself as apolitical,

designed "to create, develop and encourage bonds of solidarity among the

students and activities of a cultural and social nature."

These goals include support of students in their adjustment, the sponsoring of

recreational and cultural sessions, an effort to seek out Angolan values for

possible publication, "moral and economic" aid to needy students, and,

final ly, the sponsorship of cooperation with other Portuguese-speaking African

countries.

However, the League faces a problem shared with other associations of this

type. It lacks premises. Despite this, Agostinho Eduardo told us that a

headquarters is not a prerequisite "for achieving the goals of the League, in

a first phase." The board of directors is already functioning as an

installation commission.

In this first phase, priority has been given to contacts with the press and

with university bodies. To this end, delegates have already been appointed in

the various higher educational establishments (government and private), and a

meeting of the Lisbon Students' Associations and League members to discuss

projects in the areas of organizational, scientific and cultural cooperation

26
has been sponsored. "We obtained unconditional support, through the

principles we defend, mainly in the battle against the cultural genocide of

which we are being made the victims. Our culture is in danger, and we have

issued an appeal for its defense, because we know that the intellectuals and

the young people (who will occupy the posts of leadership in the state) have a

very important role to play."

Two major groups of Angolan students can be distinguished, according to

Agostinho Eduardo. One includes the scholarship students, who benefit from

aid through organizations (both official and unofficial). "These students need

a framework and more support," he said. The other group includes the

students outside the official circle, the overwhelming majority of whom are

left to their fate with limited family resources, and they come equipped only

with their minimal schooling and their desire to study. "Some material

support will be channeled to these students."

Plans for this month already including the holding of an African culture week,

during which there will be discussions of the problems of Angola within the

context of southern Africa ("A number of individuals who currently have an

excellent knowledge of the Angolan reality will participate in these

discussions") and a major cultural and recreational event, which is designed

to bring all of the students born in Angola closer together through convivial

activities.

"We want to legitimize our work in intellectual circles with the Angolan

students," the spokesman for the League said in conclusion.

5157

CSO:3442/105

27
ANGOLA

KUVANGO HEALTH CENTER REPORTS OVERCROT7DING, SHORTAGES

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Gabriel Sobrinho]

[Text] Lubango—The municipal health center in Kuvango (380 kilometers from

the city of Lubango) handled approximately 26,209 different cases last year.

These cases included 926 malaria patients, 1,690 cases of acute respiratory

disease and 1,692 cases of acute dysentery. There were also 1,000 cases of

schistosomiasis, whooping cough, 39 patients suffering from intestinal

parasites, 280 conjunctivitis patients, 282 [sic], 1,012 cases of recurrent

fevers and 126 patients with diseases of the mouth.

The municipality, with its two communes, Galangue and Chuimbundo (formerly

Vikungo), has eight first aid stations where patients were also treated, as

were seriously injured persons from the adjacent Kuando-Kubango province.

The center, equipped to handle 40 inpatients, is now faced with a shortage of

beds.

Of the municipal center's 35 workers, three are nurses and four are practical

technicians.

However, no activities of a theoretical nature with regard to hygiene or any

other educational work with the residents of the area on first aid care has

been done. Such work is necessary in order to prevent some of the diseases

from which the residents suffer most because of the lack of skilled personnel

capable of providing these services, and other reasons as well.

The center is suffering from a shortage of surgical equipment, midwives,

pharmacists and nurses, as we 1 1 as a wide range of resources, both material

and human, which are needed to meet the hospital requirements. These

difficulties also include the inadequate supplies of food and industrial goods

from the municipal domestic trade office for the patients being cared for at

the center, not to mention the irregularities noted in the supply of medicine.

5157

CSO:3442/104

28
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

REFUGEE AID PROGRAM (Ndalatando)—Mul tifaceted aid to the people who have

recently returned from the jungle have been provided by the bodies of the

Ministry of State for Social Affairs in the province of Kuanza-Norte, the

ANGOP was informed in this city on Thursday. In fact, the provincial social

affairs office sent more than 5 tons of various products to the municipality

of Bolongongo, where there are 226 individuals, including 26 soldiers from the

former FNLA-Comira, who surrendered to the Angolan authorities this month.

Also that office sent considerable quantities of items for domestic use to the

municipality of Ambaca, where 312 individuals, who had also returned from the

jungle, were located. In addition, the provincial Angolan Red Cross office in

Kuanza-Norte will provide large quantities of medicines to others of our

compatriots who have lived in the jungle for many years. Meanwhile, those

individuals who were living in captivity have now been returned to their

families, and it is expected that others who have appeared in the Uige area

will shortly be returned to their provinces of origin. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL

DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 31 Jan 87 p 3] 5157

COOPERATION WITH CUBA INCREASES—Technical training of the Angolans in Cuba

and the Cuban cooperators there is "the most important strategic task"

according to the Angolan-Cuban Mixed Commission in an item published in the

daily GRANMA. The newspaper, official organ of the Cuban Communist Party,

reported that the commission studied the issue during the meetings that have

been in progress in Havana since Monday. The paper said that 4,000 Angolans

are now studying in Cuba. The delegations, headed by the Angolan First Vice

Minister of Defense, Antonio dos Santos Franca and Jorge Risquet, member of

the Political Bureau of the Cuban Communist Party, discussed the various

aspects of bilateral cooperation. [Text] [Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 13 Feb 87 p 28] 12830

/12951

CSO: 3442/103

29
CAPE VERDE

PRESIDENT DISCUSSES REGIONAL ISSUES, RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORS

Dakar LE SOLEIL (supplement) in French 6 Feb 87 [unpaginated]

[Interview with President Aristides Pereira by LE SOLEIL CEO Bara Diouf; date

and place of interview not given]

[Text] Cape Verde and Senegal have the same concerns. The developing of historical, economic and even blood ties. President Aristides Pereira affirms

this in the interview he granted LE SOLEIL's CEO, Bara Diouf. The Cape Verdean

head of state, emphasizing the success met with by the agrarian reform that has

been started, recalls that the government's policy is aimed at participation by

all Cape Verdeans, including emigres, in national life.

Concerning relations with Guinea-Bissau, a blood ally in the struggle for national liberation, President Aristides Pereira notes that despite some problems

and a few negative traces of the rupture, there is a determination to go forward.

Already diplomatic relations, at least, are normal.

Responding to a question concerning South Africa, the Cape Verdean head of state

brings up the impasse that is making an explosion possible. He says he is convinced that no conflict can be settled by weapons and that some day it will

have to be properly negotiated.

On the Chadian problem and cooperation, Cape Verde and its government have ideas

and evaluations which President Aristides Pereira recalled for Bara Diouf.

The CEO of LE SOLEIL found in Cape Verde a country whose principal wealth is

man. In his desire to meet the challenges hurled by an especially hostile nature, but also in his faith in the future.

[Question] Mr President, the first time I met with you was in Dakar in May

1974. You were with Mario Soares and Abdou Diouf, who at the time, like you,

were not yet heads of state. Can you retrace the development of the situation

between that date and today?

[Answer] In 1974, in spite of the fact that there had already been a change

politically in Portugal, we were still in in the middle of an armed struggle.

My meeting with Mr Soares took place in the context of seeking possibilities

for negotiations with the new Portuguese government. So for us it was a

30
moment of great hope, when we finally saw our peoples released from colonial

domination. We were already worried about the prospects for post-independence

and the new problems that were going to arise. It was only in August 1974 that

a new agreement was found with the new Portuguese government, and independence

was not granted until 24 December of that same year.

Our major problem was finding the means for the survival of our country, which

wasn't a colony like the others. There was no particular agricultural or mining wealth in the country, but a colony "rich" only by virtue of its geographical position with the the port of Mindelo and the Sal airport.

Actually, Cape Verde is a Sahelian country that has suffered terrible damage;

from the drought. In 1947, more than 40,000 people died from the ill effects

of the drought. I'm an eye witness of that tragedy, about which the Portuguese

colonists did nothing. Their sole concern then was to protect their interests.

You have to remember that at the moment of our independence, the drought was

still raging. But what was decisive was the people's enthusiasm for independence. This galvanized us, the leaders, who were inheriting a country that was

deeply deteriorating in all spheres. So we girded our loins to meet the challenges with our totally mobilized people. Getting back to our meeting in

Dakar, Presidents Soares, Abdou Diouf and myself, it must be said that it made

a special tie between President Diouf and myself.

[Question] What is the state of the relations between Senegal and Cape Verde?

What ideas do you have for developing them, especially in cultural and economic

areas and others?

[Answer] We have always demonstrated our desire to develop our relations with

Senegal. We take into consideration the many historical, economic and even

blood ties (those we give particular importance to). It is fortunate that m

President Abdou Diouf we encountered the same concerns. President Diouf nas^

made many visits to Cape Verde, even when he was already prime minister. It s

the same with me. However, our sincere desire to carry the torch of bilateral

cooperation high runs into vicissitudes linked to the lack of follow-up, etc.

Even the big joint cooperation commission we created doesn't function as it

should. The fact remains that President Diouf and I have decided to go around

those stumbling blocks. To that effect we are going to give precise instructions to the ministers and officials concerned. When all is said and done, it s

our two peoples who have immense yields.

[Question] The Cape Verde islands are islands martyred by a very hard colonization, but they are also drought-stricken. In this difficult context you have

launched agrarian reform. How was this reform initiated?

[Answer] It may appear paradoxical to worry about agriculture in a Sahelian

country like Cape Verde, where the cultivable area doesn't exceed 10 to 15 percent of the total area. However, it isn't a paradox, in that 90 percent of the

population are farmers. Our agrarian reform essentially consists of creating

the conditions that will lead our farmers to draw the maximum profit from the

little bit of cultivable land we have. It was hard to beat the peasant resistance, inasmuch as they cling to secular cultural traditions.

31
The reform is moving slowly, considering its considerable cost. Drilling has

to be done and drilling equipment provided. However, we have to be pleased

with the results achieved, which have brought honor to some farmers as decorations. To us these modest results are significant, in view of the efforts deployed and the difficulties conquered. And we hope to do even better under the

second development plan.

[Question] We know, Mr President, that many Cape Verdeans are living and working abroad. It would seem that this strong colony of emigrants is a very important source of economic support for your country. Can you give us a report

on that contribution at the Cape Verde level?

[Answer] The problems you raise are raised for us in terms of conditions to be

met which will enable all Cape Verdeans who are scattered around the four corners of the world to further improve their national participation every day.

This is all the more important because the great majority of our emigres are

still very much attached to our country. This is in spite of the vicissitudes

of their situation in foreign countries.

Among the countries that play host to our fellow countrymen, the United States

is at the top of the list with the strongest community of Cape Verdeans. It

must be said that emigration of our fellow citizens to America dates back more

than a century.

As far. as the government's policy is concerned, we are trying to have all Cape

Verdeans participate to the maximum in national life. We are doing our best to

develop national sentiment in Cape Verdeans inside the country and those who

are outside as well. Cape Verde is one nation indivisible even in this situation where its components are scattered. As for our emigres' contribution, we

are acting to direct investment into the sectors that are profitable and in the

national interest. We are also intervening to facilitate the reintegration of

those who come to their native country.

Lastly, we have created an organization to deal with all questions concerning

our emigres. This tool, along with others, we hope will enable us to intervene

more effectively in this sphere. The fact remains that there is a cultural

question that we can't hide because, living out of the country, our emigres

return to us with new values, or quite simply different cultural values. This

doesn't favor harmonious integration. Obviously this is a difficult phenomenon

to discern, let alone to contain. However, if our attention is attracted to it,

there is no peril in such residence.

[Question] After the war of national liberation ended, Cape Verde and its

neighbor Guinea-Bissau did not continue together the development that the necessities of the fight had imposed on them. What are your relations with

Guinea-Bissau at present?

[Answer] The problem you bring up is very painful. As far as I'm concerned

and on a personal level, it's in keeping with the role I played during our common struggle for national liberation. What has happened is very painful and regrettable. However, facts are still facts. Today both countries remain

32
sovereign and each is continuing on its own road. However, we are deploying

great efforts, on both sides, so that our relations may be normal and friendly.

The desire that motivates me, I can safely say, also motivates President Vieira.

Obviously, after what has happened, our task seems difficult, because such experiences leave negative traces such as resentment, etc.

Today, however, our two states have succeeded in renewing normal relations between two African states which are members of the OAU, the CILSS and other regional and international organizations.

The fact remains that our two parties are not maintaining relations. The question of whether to retain the name of our country on Guinea-Bissau's logo isn t

helping. In Cape Verde we think the Guinea-Bissau administration will consider

the question sooner or later.

I am eager to state that our diplomatic relations are normal, each country now

having an embassy in the other's capital.

[Question] Cape Verde, like Senegal, is very devoted to the CEDEAO. But the

latter is disappointing us. What do you think of it, Mr President?

[Answer] What is happening with the CEDEAO is happening with many of our organizations on the continent. Nevertheless, it would be suicidal to throw xn the

sponge. Victory over under-development takes place by the creation of large

economic entities, beginning with subregional organizations. For our part, we

consider it necessary to persist in promoting the CEDEAO. I am strengthened by

the similar opinion of many of the continent's other chiefs of state. Moreover,

the example of the European Economic Community, which is building and consolxdating before our eyes, must inspire and galvanize us. Africa's future lxes xn

economic integration. All Africans must be persuaded of this and act so as to

bring it about.

[Question] You have hosted meetings between Angola and South Africa on which

Africa has based many hopes for the possibility of Namibia's independence. At

the present time, such initiatives are rare. Why? In addition, Afrxca has

voted for economic sanctions against South Africa, you yourself voted for and

immediately enforced those sanctions by forbidding South African planes to land

on your soil. Do you think the sanctions are effective? Might there be other

ways, in your opinion, to surmount the difficulties?

[Answer] As far as the meetings are concerned, it's always possible to act as

if the will exists among the parties concerned. When we were successful xn

getting representatives of Angola, the SWAPO and South Africa to sit down at

the same table, we hoped to see a solution come out of the meetxng. Unfo£

tu"

nately, that meeting was hardly the success it was expected to be. And what we

are now finding is a hardening on the part of the South African leaders._ Having

said that, it should be noted that the complex situation in Southern Afrxca

gets more complicated every day. There is no doubt, however, about the cause

of the lack of interest one observes where peace initiatives are concerned.

South Africa is chiefly responsible for that situation, in view of xts intransigence and the aggressiveness it is showing toward its neighbors. We are in

fact at an impasse and an explosion is still possible. For our part, we are

33
still available to help with negotiations, convinced as we are that no conflict

can be settled by weapons alone. It will certainly be necessary to negotiate

at one time or another.

Concerning sanctions, we have obviously applied them. I must state that we did

not prohibit the landing of South African planes on our soil. We don't have

the means to do so and that situation is acknowledged by the OAU. However,

with the sanctions decided upon by the United States, you might say we have put

up with the situation thus created, given that many USA flights connecting with

SAL have been abolished. Our special context doesn't prevent us from supporting the sanctions. And, since the problem of South African planes landing at

our airport arose in the OAU, we have been making every effort to seek the

means that will enable to get around the present situation, while trying to

meet the minimal conditions for having our airport function without the South

African flights.

[Question] Since December, the Chadian drama has returned to its earliest level with the war between Libya and Chad. Many African governments think that

the withdrawal of the Libyan forces from Chad would hasten the solution to the

conflict. What is your position on that question?

[Answer] That conflict worries all of the African heads of state. It was born

to a certain extent out of lack of respect for the principle of the inviolability of frontiers. Africa must make all possible efforts to lead the Chadians

to sit around a table and solve their own problems themselves. Of course,

Libya must recognize the Chadians* right to control all of their own territory.

Currently, the efforts deployed at the OAU level are encouraging and everything

must be done to arrive at a peaceful solution. Because the Chadian people have

already suffered too much.

[Question] The French minister of cooperation, Mr Aurillac, has just visited

you. In that regard, how is the cooperation going between your country and

France on the one hand, and on the other hand, your country and Portugal, because President Mario Soares has also visited you?

[Answer] With France we have cooperation dating from independence. And the

good spirit that has always characterized that cooperation goes on in spite of

all the changes that have occurred, especially at the level of the French authorities in charge of it. We are finding that France has a real desire to

help us. We also appreciate the cooperation which, it should be said, began

with certain problems connected to the outlines that French cooperation applied

somewhat differently than their methods in francophone Africa. Our country

being quite different, that fact had to be taken into consideration.

In that regard, we appreciate the spirit of understanding that has prevailed

and made it possible to raise our bilateral cooperation to a very interesting

level. Mr Aurillac understood us very well and we think that with him our relations are going to develop even more and expand into new spheres. We are

grateful to France for showing so much interest in our country. As far as

Portugal is concerned, obviously we have very cordial and friendly relations.

The fact remains that, in view of that country's limited resources, our cooperation is concentrated on technical assistance and the training of managers.

34
However, an effort is being made to expand our bilateral cooperation. From

that point of view, the Portuguese private sector is beginning to be interested

in our cooperation. Such a contribution could make it possible to develop our

relations in other fields.

[Question] My final question, Mr President, concerns tourism. Cape Verde, a

country having certain assets in that sector, seems reluctant to jump into

tourism. Why?

[Answer] It is true that we did have some apprehension on that subject. At

present we are thinking over how we want to get into tourism. I think that in

that very sector we might collaborate with Senegal, for example, to establish

common tourist channels. Our two countries are neighbors and have different

topography. Your country is a country of plains and ours is a country of mountains.

In any case, if we think together we can do many things in the tourism field.

Moreover, that kind of collaboration can be extended to other sectors. For example, technical assistance. Instead of always going to look for technicians

in Europe, we envisage asking Senegal. In fact, we have already done that in

the health field. And it was a positive experience.

8946

CSO: 3419/125

35
CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

PAICV MEMBERS HONORED BY CUBA—Cuba decorated 15 military officers and

officials of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV)

at a ceremony held in Praia on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the

founding of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba. Among those honored

were Sivino da Luz, minister of foreign trade, Julio de Carvalho, security

minister, Honorio Chantre Fortes, vice president of the People's Assembly,

and 12 high officers of the Cape Verde Army. All were decorated with a

medal commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba. The medals were awarded by Jose Rodriguez, Cuban

ambassador to Praia. According to Cape Verde news, all the honorees had

been given military training in Cuba more than 20 years ago to combat Portuguese colonialism in Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde. [Text] [Maputo

NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Feb 87 p 8] 8844

CSO: 3442/111

36
CHAD

DEFEATED LIBYAN FORCES AT OUADI DOUM 'LACKED MOTIVATION1

AB311900 Ndjamena Domestic Service in French 1330 GMT 31 Mar 87

[Report by Radio Chad correspondent Moussa Dago on the scene at the former

Libyan military base at Ouadi Doum following the FANT takeover; date not

given]

[Excerpt] [Begin recording] So an impressive number of Libyans were killed,

and taken prisoner at the end of the battle. Moreover, dead bodies and remnants of destroyed heavy weapons, tanks, tank-carriers, water tanks, and

troop-carriers still lay strewn about on the road from Bir Kora to Ouadi Doum

over a distance of about 50 km. What a strange spectacle to see these dead

bodies and rolling stock still being engulfed by sand dunes in this impressive

landscape of the Ennedi mountains consisting of golden and white sand with

overhanging mountain masses artistically sculpured by erosion!

The Libyans who succeeded in escaping during the battle are returning in small

groups to surrender to the FANT as their food and water reserves become depleted. About 30 of them arrived in Ouadi Doum on 26 March while we were

there. Needless to say, their hatred for al-Qadhdhafi is total. They hold

al-Qadhdhafi solely responsible for the deaths of their brothers during the

fighting or during their flight through the desert.

But the lesson to draw from all this is that, whatever the military arsenal,

if there is no human determination, soldiers become indifferent. And it is

exactly because there was a lack of motivation on the Libyan side that its

arsenal could not work. This primary truth seemed to have escaped al-Qadhdhafi

when he set up the military arsenal, which, I should say, is beyond imagination. For instance, some of the missiles that he installed in Ouadi Doum

were supplied him by some member countries of the Warsaw Pact. This means

that the Libyan regime was given extensive assistance by the Soviet Union

and the GDR both in the supply and installation of its military arsenal in

Ouadi Doum.

The second lesson is that, after visiting the base, one can immediately jump

to the conclusion that al-Qadhdhafi never nourished [words indistinct] the

idea of quitting Chad as a result of [words indistinct].

37
OAU officials who nearly allowed themselves to be duped by the Libyan leader

can, on the basis of the realities of this base, realize that they have

constantly been taken in by the Libyan leader. The construction and

establishment of the Libyan military base in this region of Chad was a goal

which was carefully thought out and conceived on a long-term basis and which

goes even beyond the Chadian and Libyan framework to cover the scope and

destiny known only to al-Qadhdhafi and his Soviet partners.

Fortunately, President Hissein Habre realized this very early and assumed

the responsibility of saving Chad and Africa.

With the fall of this base, it is the whole symbolism of Libyan power which

has thus been annihilated, and fear caused by Libya in Africa and in the world

has been dissipated by Chadians. The African and international community

must be grateful to us. [end recording]

/9738

CSO: 3400/354

38
GUINEA-BISSAU

POLITICAL POLICE REPRESSION REPORTED MOUNTING

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 7 Mar 87 p 15

[Text] Observers in the Guinean capital told EXPRESSO that government personnel moves confirmed over the week-end are primarily a minor adjustment

necessitated bj tne political scene resulting from the Paulo Correia case.

m*. ^«n*«*l from office of Vasco Cabral as minister of justice and Angelo

peLla a secretary o state lor information has been essentially confirmed.

Km havHct been confirmed that Bartolomeu Pereira wa.;^-,ssed as

minister of finance, apparently at the IMF's insistence, and that Manuel

Santos Manecas? currently minister of trade, has been promoted to vicepresident of the Council of State.

This «cosmetic surgery" on the Guinean government also illustrates two

ts Nino Vieira's failure to find competent men to hold government office! and second, the great influence on decision making wielded by

security forces and the old fighters.

Guinea Bissau is now seeing a growing role for the political police and

greater police power to determine how affairs of state are conducted.

Passengers from Lisbon disembarking in Bissau are

seaccf^ leng^ and

any correspondence is confiscated. All letters are read by the security

department before being returned. The same thing happened recently to

reporters: a passenger with Lisbon newspapers had them confiscated.

As far as information is concerned, Guineans are today almoS^

C

°^fy

a

limited to the official radio, which confirms any changes. NO PINTCHA, a

newspaper, is seldom published.

,. • •. f Hoin T50r.*ia as secretary of state for information and his

pendence.

39
Surveillance of Catholics

Repression remains the order of the day: Jose Pereira remains as minister

of the interior and Iafai Camara holds military power. Both were responsible for imprisoning and shooting Paulo Correia and his group.

Rumors reaching Lisbon that a coup d'etat in Guinea Bissau was only a matter

of time, however, were quickly denied. EXPRESSO was assured that "as long

as the Soviets and Cubans support Nino Vieira, the current situation will

not change."

The same sources said that the number of Soviet and Cuban advisers in Guinea

Bissau will increase and that operations at the embassy in Lisbon will be

expanded as additional Guinean security men attempt to track opposition

movements.

Given these facts, it is not surprising that an opposition movement known as

Bafata has recently been formed in the Portuguese capital to oppose Vieira's

regime. At its founding, the movement's leaders pointed out that the group

included Catholic leaders. Several sources have reported that Guinean

security watches the bishop of the diocese in Bissau especially closely, as

well as other Catholic leaders.

Meanwhile, against this political background, the economic crisis is worsening. For several months there has been a shortage of rice in Bissau. Civil

servants have not been paid since December, and this year, in compliance

with one of the IMF's recommendations, they will not receive any raises.

On other fronts, everything seems to indicate that the Guinean government

has shown interest in starting talks to join the franc zone, but neighboring

countries (Senegal and Guinea Conakry) and France itself may well have reservations about Soviet influence in Guinea Bissau and the country's bankruptcy. It would be unable to meet any international financial requirements.

8844

CSO: 3442/111

40
GUINEA-BISSAU

CENTRAL BANK GOVERNOR DISCUSSES ESCUDO, FRANC ZONES

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 7 Mar 87 p 17

[Text] Godinho Gomes, governor of the Central Bank of Guinea, who did not

attend a meeting organized by the Banco Pinto e Sotto Mayor since he was

preparing to host the visit of an IMF delegation in Bissau, told EXPRESSO

that "It doesn't make any difference whether Guinea Bissau belongs to the

franc zone or the escudo zone, so long as the country's foreign accounts

are stable enough to allow the development of productive forces in the

country.

In late 1985, Portuguese cooperation was challenged by an unexpected proposal from Guinea Bissau: an escudo zone to include Portugal and all or part

of its former African colonies. But the Guinean president indicated interest in another possibility: Guinean membership in the franc zone.

Nino Vieira would explain this by the need to -safeguard our relationship

with the French-speaking world on the basis of historical, geopolitical and

cultural factors." To this formal explanation, officials at the Bank of

Guinea added a practical reason: the franc zone operates through a series

of instruments serving a common policy, and applications for access to special franc-zone funds and credits require full membership.

But there would be severe drawbacks economically and financially. France

just recently imposed the appointment of a French team on Guinea-Conakry to

take over the office of the vice-governor of the Central Bank as a prerequisite for the country to rejoin the franc zone.

For Guinea Bissau, an escudo zone "would set up an overall framework facilitating financial relationships not only with Portugal, but also with Europe,

and make possible a permanent Portuguese technical assistance office for

financial matters," Gomes stressed.

There are those, especially in Portuguese circles, who think that an escudo

zone would resurrect the late 1960s-style interterritorial transfers with

the specter of accounts in arrears that caused such turmoil between Portugal

and iL former colonies. According to sources at the Bank of Guinea the

problem would not arise: "We must separate formal instruments from the political responsibilities that are entailed in certain cases" (see p 15 also).

8844

CSO: 3442/111 41
AMBASSADOR DENIES GOVERNMENT ROLE IN IRAN ARMS SHIPMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 6 Mar 87 p 13

KENYA

[Text]

; STOCKHOLM (Sweden),

; Thursday

Kenya is not involved

lin arms shipment to Iran, the

ambassador to the Nordic '

.countries said yesterday.

: Mr Samuel Ruoro said: Kenya

maintains diplomatic relations '

with the two Gulf countries oilran and Iraq andcannot!

therefore, take sides with one

against the other."

He was addressing a press conference here over reports that

Kenya helped to ship arms to

Iran. The reports have been distributed by Kenyan's who have

fled the country, the ambassador

said.

The ambassador said when the

conflict between Iran and Iraq

erupted, President Moi issued an

appeal for the two to end

hostilities.

"The President has reiterated

this call," .he said, and Kenya

continues to warn on the dangers

of armed conflict.

"The suggestion that Kenya

took sides in this,war and allowed

licences to be used for a passage

of shipment of arms to Iran

' through a third state, does not

hold water. Kenya strongly

supports the settlement of

disputesithroughpeaceful means

and cannot add fuel into a cönilict already aflame," the

ambassador said.

Mr Ruoro also said that the

Kenyan leadership cannot sit

back and allow the country to be

thrown into anarchy.

He told reporters that Kenya

respected human rights and

denied that it was a chief violator

of human rights as alleged by the

dissidents in exile.

The ambassador denied that

Kenya was unhappy with the

media claim's that Aids was

widespread and nothing was

; being done about the dreaded

disease.

He said that the Government,

like'any other in the world, was

doing everything possible to halt

the spread of Aids. He quoted the

World Health Organisation

report Number Seven of February

13, 1987 on Kenya's efforts to

combat Aids.

Ambassador Ruoro said that

people out to undermine the

Government have been arrested

for causing disaffection against

the Government. They have

been taken to court, tried and

jailed for their crimes, he said.

"A small numbner of Kenyans,

falling under the above category

have fled the country and have

sought refuge in Nordic countries

from where they have continued

with their hate campaign against

the Kenya Government," he said.

Mr Ruoro added that those in

exile committed crimes against

ordinary Kenyans!

The ambassadour denied that

corruption was condoned in

Kenya. "The reports are far from

the truth and bore a semblance of

the imagination and invention.of

the writers," he said.

"Corruption is a crime which

involves the giver and a recipient.

Perhaps the writers should

have told their readers

how they participated in 1

this criminal activity". (KNA)

/13046

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42
JOINT COOPERATION COMMISSION WITH UGANDA ESTABLISHED

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 7 Mar 87 p 24

[Text]

KENYA

KAMPALA, Friday

Kenyan and Ugandan

government officials con- .

eluded a draft agreement on

the establishment of a joint

permanent commission of cooperation yesterday. _ . The agreement was signed in

Entebbe after three days of talks

between senior government

officials from both sides.

The draft will now be forwarded to the relevant Ministers-nf

the two governments for further

scrutiny and possible formal

signing. '

One of the major purposes of

the joint, permanent commission

will be to strengthen and consolidate political, social and

cultural ties.

The commission will determine

the most appropriate form and

type of cö-operation to be

established. This will include

economic development of the two

countries, with special emphasis

.on agriculture, mining^ and

industries. _ The commission will oversee

the development of bilateral

trade, and help solve the problem.

of tariffs and tariff barriers. It will

develop markets and marketing

facilities.

The development of transport

and communications, tourism

and energy resources andprogrammes will be included in

its programmes.

The draft envisages cooperation in judicial, security,

customs, immigration und

administrative matters. It

includes co-operation in the ;

controlof human and. animal;,

diseases and pest control.

The two countries will also cooperate in the fields of culture,

sports, science, technology and

the protection of the environment. • - The commission will convene

meetings once a year in the two

countries.

Its formation follows an agreement between the two Heads of

State who agreed that their

; Ministers and officials work out

the best way of co-operation to

improve the quality of life in the

two countries as rapidly as possible. ' • "

The commission will comprise

ministers from the two countries

and other representatives to be

agreed upon.

The Entebbe meeting was

chaired by an Under-Secrethry in

Uganda's Ministry of Regional

Co-operation, Mr ¥. Ü. Engöle,

who also headed his country's

delegation.

There were 13 Ugandan

representatives drawn from'

various sections, including.

»Uganda- Airlines, Uganda-'

Railways, Customs and Excise

and the Ministry ofJustice.

The Kenya delegation was*•

headed by a Senior Under?

.Secretary for Planning and

National Development, M'

Jackton lsige.

It included an Under-Secretary

for Transport and Communications, Mr Muli Mbusi, a state

council from the AttoneyGeneral's Chambers, Miss

. Roseline Amadi, and the first

secretary at the Kenya High

Commission to Uganda, Mr

William Ndege. (KNA).

/13046

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43
KENYA

COLLECTIVE, NOT INDIVIDUAL, BOYCOTT AGAINST RSA URGED

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 3 Mar 87 p 6

[Editorial: "Wanted: Collective Stand Against SA"]

[Text]

One of the reasons why the liberation of Southern Africa is

not moving as rapidly as it should is that the assistance

which the oppressed South Africans and Namibiern expect

from the rest of Africa is not full-hearted.

Malawi, for instance, has followed a consistently proPretoria course ever since Malawi's independence 23 years

ago. It openly trades-with South Africa, woos and accepts

aid from South Africa and generally lends South Africa

political support in all international councils.

In a way, it is better to do so than to pretend that you

are opposed to apartheid while doing everything at the clandestine level that can only enhance apartheid's chances of

thriving. Many African countries make a great deal of noise

in their condemnation of Pretoria.

And yet, under the table, they import luxury goods

from South Africa which the ordinary people of those countries cannot partake of, and which, being nothing but consumer goods, cannot hasten those countries' development,

goods indeed which can only eat very deeply into the

already dwindling foreign reserves of those states.

This was what President Moi was referring to over the

weekend when responding to a demand by a certain African

country that Kenya should close its international airports to

all Western airlines which serve South Africa in defiance of

the kinds of sanctions being demanded in order to quicken

apartheid's downfall.

The President said that Ketiva — which has banned

most other economic connections with South Africa — was

ready and willing to ban all extra-African flights to and

from South Africa through Nairobi or Mombasa, but only if

Kenya was assured that such a ban would cut any ice.

What — President Moi asked — was the use of closing

Kenya's airports to European flights to and from the land of

apartheid when, at the same time, the international airports

of certain other African countries would remain open to just

such flights? The answer, according to those who say that

states should only be guided by principles, is that the

wrongs of other states should not justify a state to commit

those same wrongs.

k\
/13046

CSO: 3400/51

A fine argument. But the question is: What if — as in

the case of Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana,

Lesotho and Swaziland — the strict observation of a principle means suicide? The economic dependence by these

countries on South Africa is a colonial legacy.

South Africa knows its significance well enough. That is

why it is trying to do everything to keep the economies of •

those countries in a perpetually parlous state so as to perpetuate their trade and communications dependence on

South Africa, using this as a lever with which to buy time for

apartheid.

Yet most of those countries — especially Mozambique,

Zimbabwe, Botswana and Angola — are committed to both

the principle and the practice of sacrificing their present

economic interests, by applying sanctions against South

Africa, so as to hasten the fall of apartheid as the only sure

method of erecting a secure and long-term economic base in

those countries.

' How can these Frontline States get out of this shortterm dilemma? Simply by prevailing upon the whole of

Africa — through the OAU — and the rest of the world to

join full-heartedly in an all-out economic (and other forms

of) war against South Africa so as to abridge the intensity of

the short-term suffering which the Frontline States must

undergo by applying sanctions against South Africa.

That was what President Moi was saying. The auxiliary

task of felling apartheid is primarily Africa's, through the

OAU. If the African countries are serious they should make

a collective decision to boycott all airlines which deal with

South Africa, rather than asking individual states to do so..

And they should ban their own airlines from flying to and

from any South African airport so as to make it manifest

thatthey are genuine. Anything else will not do.

45
TEXT OF MOI SPEECH OPENING PARLIAMENT

Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English A Mar 87 pp 6, 7

KENYA

[Text] IIII-: following is the lull text

of His Excellency President

'Daniel arap Moi's speech dining the state opening of Parliament yesterday.

• Mr Speaker, the opening of a new session of

Parliament is a ceremony of

great significance in this country. The occasion signifies the

continued existence of

organised society and the rule

of law. More important for

us, is that this occasion gives

us a justifiable cause for pride

and glory in the continued

peace and stability which is

sustained by democratic rule

for which Kenyans have much

to be thankful for.

.It is in this spirit that I first

wish to welcome all

honourable members to the

fifth session of our fifth

Parliament. I have no doubt

that all of us have used the

Christmas recess well to foster

and further strengthen the

bonds of unity that have over

the years enabled our nation

to prosper. It is also my ardent

hope that it is the same spirit

lluttiwill continue to guide us

as we discharge our important

duties in this August House

during this year of discipline.

Optimism

Honourable members, and

Kenyans in general, have

much cause for optimism

because the ovcral performance of the economy during

1986 was satisfactory.

Gross domestic product

grew at 5 per cent during the

year, while the rate of inflation was reduced to 5.6 percent or about half of the 1985

rate of 10.7 per cent. But more

significant perhaps, is the fact

that the growth in gross

domestic product was

distributed widely over all sectors of our economic activity.

Gross domestic product in

agriculture is estimated to

have grown by 4.6 per cent

during the year, compared to

3.5 per cent growth during

1985, which is an improvement of 1.1 percentage points

in 12 months. Similarly, the

manufacturing sector experienced growth at the rate of

5.5 per cent during 1986, 1

percentage point higher than

the 4.5 per cent growth rate

registered in 1985. Sectors like

building and construction and

transport and communications which indicated some

recovery in 1985 also improved their performance

significantly during 1986.

Price

Largely as a result of the

favourable price of coffee and

the low price of crude oil, the

balance of. trade improved

substantially during the first

nine months of 1986.

Preliminary accounts indicate

that the overall balance of

payments was a surplus of

some 2 billion shillings during

1986. However, as honourable

members are aware, both

' these factors are now not in

our favour. The price of coffee has declined steeply and

much faster lhart we expected

to below the 1985 avcrago

levels, while the price of crude

oil, which was below 10

46
dollars per barrel in 1986, is

now about 19 dollars per barrel. As a result, we cannot expect an increase in foreign exchange reserves owing to these

factors during the year.

Another development

which is not in our favour is

the decline in real capital formation which our economy

has expcVienced in recent

years. The falling prices of

coffee and rising prices of oil

combined with a general

decline in the flow of capital

from the rest of the world, has

created a number of difficulties in our ability tofinance the overall budget

deficit. The situation has been

worsened by the rise in expenditure required to finance the

National Cereals and Produce

Board to enable it pay for a

record maize crop after the

devastating effects of the prolonged drought of 1984.

Rate

Honourable members may

wish to know that, at present,

we are spending more than 27

per cent of the total budget on

loan redemption and interest

payments. In fact last year,

and for the first time since independence, Kenya was a net

exporter of capital to the tune

of 1.8 billion shillings. This is

a clear indication that we are'

entering into a difficult phase

as regards our external debt

and it is imperative that we

raise the rate of domestic savings significantly and rely less

on foreign sources to finance

our development.

My government will continue to look for external

resources particularly concessionary loans, grants and

budgetary support in order to

finance the. balance of

payments deficit in the next

few years. However, it will be

difficult for us to achieve the

national growth targets we

have specified in sessional

paper number one of 1986

unless we step up domestic

savings substantially in the

course of the next few years.

Honourable members are, 1

am sure, aware that a start has

been made towards attracting

internal finance. Already, my

government has floated twoyear and five-year treasury

bonds with attractive rates of

return to raise additional

funds for the budget and to

mop up excess liquidity in the

economy.

My government will continue to provide appropriate

market incentives and

streamline administrative procedures in order to raise

domestic savings. However,

for these measures to have the

desired effect, it will be

necessary to maintain strict

discipline on expenditure in

order to ensure that the large

growth in liquidity dunflg

T986 does not have a delayed

inflationary impact on our

economy. Honourable

members of this House will

have to take the lead in encouraging wananchi to be

more frugal in satisfying immediate needs, and opt instead

to save more in order to build

a more prosperous and self

sustaining economy for the

benefit of posterity.

Control

Before I conclude this section of my address concerning

the economy, 1 wish to make

some remarks ori the indigenisation of our economy.

Our independence cannot

have meaning until indigenous

Kenyans who are the majority of the citizens of this country arc in complete control of

a significant portion of their

economic well-being. The indieenisation policy of this

country is intended to create a

stable national environment in

which Kenyans and other investors can work together to

build an even stronger base for

sustained economic

development.

I would like to assure this

August House that my

government is in the process

of finalising the procedures to

enable indigenous Kenyans

participate more effectivelyin

managing the economy. In the

commercial sector, for example, plans are underway to

assist indigenous traders with

a complete package of equipping them with capital, skills

and other necessary facilities

to enable them utilise the

assistance more effectively.

Similar arrangements will be

made to assist industrialists

the import-export sector and

47
M marketing and distribution

of both inputs and outputs fo' [

the agricultural sector. It is \

however, important for Kenyans to bear in mind that the

success of the indigenisation

programme will depend on

their individual management

abilities as well as their willingness to pursue risky

undertakings.

Mr Speaker, I have found it \,

necessary to speak at length on f

these important matters of our I

economy in general in order to I

: impress upon honourable

members of this House the

mood which must prevail in''

our deliberations during this

session. As I have said on

many occasions in this House,

it is important for us to differentiate between politics and

;. serious business. This beiriP

the fifth session of our fifth

I Parliament, the age of this

I Parliament is fairly advanced.

All of us here have had the

necessary exposure to the

deliberations of this House. I

therefore, believe that, as we

make our contributions during

this session, we shall seek to

genuinely improve the wellbeing of our fellow men, and

eliminate unproductive talk.

Bills

There are various BiUs

which will be brought before

honourable members during

this session, which I now wish

to outline.

Honourable members will

recall that during the last session, we debated Sessional

Paper Number One of 1986 in

which my government

specified the development

strategy we shall pursue, I

; wish to thank honourable

; members for their1valuable

> ideas which will definitely con-

'; tribute much towards the im4 plementation of this strategy.

} Honourable members may

' recall that on the industrial

i sector, the paper seeks to en5 courage export-oriented

manufacturings efficient import substitution and smallscale employment-intensive industries. As an important part

of this objective, this House

will be asked to debate the Industrial Registration Bill

which seek to make provisions

for the registration of industrial undertakings in

Kenya. The bill will enable us

obtain industrial information

from prospective and existing

firms so that we can be more

effective in the planning and

monitoring of industrial

development in this country.

Mr Speaker, all of us are

aware of the central role the

land issue played in our struggle for independence. It is for

this that much emphasis has

been placed on guaranteeing

wananchi the security ol

tenure for the land so that the

country can derive maximum

benefit from its efficient use.

Many landless wananchi have

been allocated with land in settlement schemes, company

and co-operative farms. Land '

consolidation and adjudication has been successfully

undertaken in various parts of

the the country. During 1986

alone,' some 25 settlement

schemes comprising 8,100

parcels, 57 company and coi operative farms covering over

, 23,000 parcels and 18,500

i parcels for individuals were

surveyed for the issue of land

titles :,i various parts of the

country. Mr Speaker, existing

legislation and the attendant

procedures appear to have

limited the number of

qualified surveyors in the

country. Although the demand for qualified surveyors

has more than doubled since

indepen :nce, the procedures

for the admission of surveyors

through the licence examination has produced only If

licensed surveyors in the past

21 years, out of a pool of soms

250 possible candidates whe

have received training from

the university. My government

will propose amendments to

the existing Survey Act, Cap

299 Laws of Kenya to

facilitate the licensing of

qualified surveyors who can

undertake the important work

of surveying and mapping our

land. The bill will also seek to

expand the membership of the

land surveyors board and provide for greater participation

by the public sector.

Before I leave this important subject of land, I willbriefly comment on the

Registered Land Act, Cap 300

48
which currently makes provision for land certificates, as

opposed to title deeds in other

irclatcd legislation. This House

will be asked to debate amendments proposing a redesignalion of land certificates into title deeds to make land

registered under this act be

subject to the issue of title

deeds.

Mr Speaker, agriculture is

(he backbone of this country's

development and it will remain so in the foreseeable

future. The government will,

therefore, continue to give

'ligh priority in resource

allocation to service

agriculture. Farmers have also

nlaved their part in responding

favourably to production

incentives.

That, coupled with the good

fains the country enjoyed in

both 1985 and 1986, resulted

in substantial growth of output of maize, beans and coffee as well as tea.

So far during the 1986/87

season, the National Cereals

and Produce Board has purchased four million bags of

maize and more than half a

million bags of beans. It is expected that by the end of the

season the amounts purchased will have doubled. A

similar success story has been

achieved in the sale of cuOi

crops to the rest of the world.

As regards cotton prod Lie

Ijon however, the country continues to experience production shortfalls, in order to correct the situation, the Cottor

Hill to be brought before tin

I louse during this session, will

seek to replace the Cotton Lint

and Seed Marketing Act Cap

355 with new measures aimed

at restructuring the cotton industry. This is one of the

measures which are aimed at

rcfonning the agricultural sector in ordef to make it more

responsive to the changing

needs of our society.

Mr Speaker, following the

break-up of the East African

Community, the three governments have entered into

discussions to establish useful

forms of co-operation. The

1967 Treaty for East African

Co-operation formally ceased

to exist on May 14, 1984,

when the presidents of Tanzania and Uganda and myself

signed the East African Community Mediation Agreement.

The remaining issues of the

mediation exercise were concluded at the last meeting of

ministers from the three countries. The pension fund of the

former East AFrican Community, which had been invested by the crown agents,

have now been remitted to the

three partner states in proportion to each country's pension

liability. 1 am glad to inform

honourable members of this

House that Kenya's share of

19 million pounds sterling has

already been received by the

Central Bank.

The East African Mediation

Agreement Bill will be brought

before the House, seeking to

give legal effect to the mediation agreement of May 14,

1984, and repeal the treaty for

Fast African Co-operation

Act. Honourable members of

this House will be asked to

give legal effect to the provisions of the agreement

establishing eastern and

southern African management

institute. With the conclusion

of these legal and financial arrangements, the three sister

states can continue with

renewed determination to

negotiate for new forms of

regional co-operation.

Mr Speaker, there are

various other bills which my

government will present for

debate in this house covering

such diverse topics as: the

disposal of uncollccted goods;

streamling the registration uf

persons and the control of

monopolies and restrictive

tiade practices. Other bills

concerning the manufacture

and sale of weights aiul

measures; the retirement agis

lor the constitutional oftic-s

of judges, the AttorneyGeneral and the Controller

and Auditor-General luv. e

also been finalised for presentation to this House during the

fifth session. Other bills will

be presented for debate after

the necessary preparations ,

have been completed.

Before concluding my ;

remarks, I would like to

observe that this session is, indeed, going to be a busy one.

49
/13046

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This workload will, therefore,

require that the honourable

members of this House exert

themselves by familiarising

themselves fully with the issues

being deliberated on, in order

to contribute meaningfully to

the various readings of the

bills in the House as well as in

the discussions at committee

stage.

Throughout your participation in the business of this

August House, you should

always bear in mind that you

are members of the ruling party Kanu, a mass movement

that is intrusted with the heavy

responsibility of guiding this

nation in its development process. This reflection would no

doubt serve as a reminder to

all honourable members that

in order for the party to offerthe required ieadership it is

vital for the party to be a

disciplined organisation.

You are all members of this

mass movement, whose

government has declared this

to be a year of discipline. You

are members of the highest

authority in the land according

to our cherished constitution.

1 would like, therefore, to urge

you all to observe fully all the

standing orders of this'House,

the Kanu code of discipline

and all other rules and regulations which govern the conduct of those of you who

undertake important responsibilities in various institutions. This will not only serve

as an example to all, but v. ill

also be your own personal

valuable contribution to the

year of discipline.}

50
KENYA

KIBAKI: DESTABILIZING ELEMENTS MUST BE PURSUED, EXPOSED

Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 12 Mar 87 pp 1, 24

[Article by Henry Chui]

[Text] THE vice-President

and Minister for

Home Äffairs, Mr

Mwai Kibaki, yesterday urged Kenyans to

close their ranks and

expose those few

elements who were being used by certain

foreign governments

and organisations to

; destabilise the country.

Mr Kibaki who was

speaking in parliament said

there was intervention by

some elements such as the

so-called "Ukenya" which

I were being used by these

! foreign governments and

organisations.

"The answer against these

elements is not to tell them to

stop what they were doing

because they will not, for they

do not like our system which

we like, but the answer is to

pursue and expose these

elements." said Mr Kibaki.

Mr Kibaki was replying to ! a lively debate by MPs on the

. Presidential address to the

House at the opening of the

fifth session of the fifth

parliament.

Dealing with various points

raised by members during the

dabates, the Vice-President

emphasised that the indigenisation of the economy

policy cited in the Presidential

address will only succeed if

leaders everywhere are committed and patriotic.

He observed that indigenisation of the economy

will be bound to fail if people

from some quarters wfll take

the opportunity to get

benefits.

He suggested that an effort

to make the policy succeed

should be taken up by district:

development committees

everywhere so that it would be

easy to pick out those who

may be out to frustrate that

policy.

Calling on leaders to avoid

viewing matters on tribal lines;

Mr Kibaki said the guilty

should be pursued as individuals and not as tribes.

>" He called on Kenyans to

pursue justice because it is the

truth.

Said he: "We have succeeded since independence because

we have pursued'

justice....You should pursue

that person#who is guilty and

not his brother who is not

guilty."

The Vice-President said he

was in favour of the protection of the local industries by

imposing .restrictions on

imports.

He rejected a theory advanced by some members of

the young generation that

countries can succeed when

there was free trade between •

51
all countries. . He agreed'with members

that there was a great need to

look at the local authorities

because they needed to be

strengthened.

'He called on leaders to pursue unity of purpose under

President Moi adding that the

spirit ofthe President's speech

will guide Kenya throughout

the century.

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52
KENYA

DERAILMENTS PROMPT ARMED ESCORT OF PASSENGER TRAINS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Mar 87 pp 1, 32

[Article by Francis Raymond]

[Text] Kenya's passenger trains are now

preceded by motor trollies

manned bv armed guards to

ensure the safety of passengers,

the Nation learnt yesterday.

Reliable sources in the Kenya

Railways Corporation said the

practice began on Thursday and

that the trollies are being manned

by armed Kailway policemen.

A spokesman for the corporation confirmed yesterday that

trollies must go before all,,

passenger trains leaving Nairobi

tor Mombasa and western Kenya

up to Malaba and back.

The spokesman said: "Motor

trollies are easy to stop in case of

an emergency. Where there is line

break-up or a derailment, a motor

trolley can easily and safely apply

emergency brakes and come to a

stop."

He said the new system had

been introduced mirelv for the

safety of passengers following the

present spate of derailments of

goods trains. No passenger train

has been derailed in recent years.

There are two passenger trains

daily from Nairobi to Mombasa.

. Likewise from Mombasa

Nairobi, there will be two, leaving

at 5 p.m. and 7 p.m.

Three passenger trains leave

Nairobi for western Kenya daily,

two to Kisumu and one to

Malaba, branching off

immediately after Nakuru. The

same daily services are provided

by the corporation from western

Kenya to Nairobi.

The Railways, spokesman

declined to comment on how

many derailments of goods trains

have taken place since the

beginning of the year.

"All 1 can say is that we have

taken the necessary measures to

ensure the safety of passengers.

We introduced the measures

because, in the month of

February, we had more derailments than we normaly have and

we thought it best to act for the

sakn of our passengers."

The spokesman said the

measures would be in force until

the corporation's authorities feel

they are not necessary and that

everything is back to normal.

Of late, there have been a spate

of derailments of goods trains,

blocking passenger trains for long

hours. In February alone, there

were about five derailments, all

along the Nairobi-Mombasa line.

The first occurred on February

1 at C'hangamwe sub-station.

Five days later, anothertine took

place at the next station,

Miritini. The next one occurred

on February 21 at Mariakani and

the fourth at Mazeras on

February 27.

The latest derailment of goods

train on the Nairobi-Mombase

line happened on March 9 at

Kivati. near Simba station.

Railways officials have since

launched investigations into the

siring of accidents in different

parts of the country, but no

official reason has been given as

to their cause.

/13046

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53
SENTENCE FOR MEMBERSHIP IN CLANDESTINE MOVEMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 12 Mar 87 pp 1, 24

[Article by Andrew Kuria]

KENYA

[bxcerpt J A former Kisumu Deputy Town

Clerk, Dr Adhu Awiti, was yesterday jailed for 4$ years for being a

member of a clandestine move-

: nient and for failing to prevent

the movement from distributing

seditious publications.

Awiti, who was once a lecturer

.at the Dar es Salaam University,

had been a member of Mwakenya

. since 1979 and had himself distributed Pambana, a seditious

publication in Kisumu town in

1980 and 1981.

- He had been introduced to the

group by a Kenyatta University

lecturer, the Chief Magistrate's

Court was told.

"Although'I have admitted the

facts in substance, it is not true

that Maina wa Kinyatti is the one

who introduced me to the

movement," Awiti told the court.

"In fact the host who

introduced me to the group is a

man still at large arid whose particulars I have given to the

police," Awiti said.

He admitted before Mr H. H.,

Buch that between .June 1979 and

February 10, this year, he was a

member of the proscribed movement and that he had not tried to

prevent it from publishing

I'ambmm And Mpatanmlu.

The Assistant Deputy I'ublic

1'rosecut.or, Mr Hernard Chunga,

told the court that in 1979 Awiti

was invited to a party at a

friend's bouse. The host pulled

him aside and whispered that a

scriet movement had been

formed to fight, for improved

working conditions for lecturers

at Nairobi and Kenyatta universities and also to represent

.students.

"The host told the accused that

the movement was called "Second March Movement" and it

would be enlarged to become a

national organisation with an aim

of bringing about the overthrow

of the Kenya Government," said

Mr Chunga.

Awiti agreed to join the movement and between 1979 and 1982

contributed ShM.OOO to the movement. A series of meetings were

held between the members.

In June 1984, Awiti met

another member of the movement,

Owuor Alien«, who was jailed last

I'riflav for a similar offence.

Atieno told the former civic

official that the movement had

matured over the years and was

called Mwakenya. It was also

producing a publication called

Mpatanixhi.

Mr Chunga said Awiti had read

all the publications, which were

seditious.

"Following conversations with

Atieno, the accused agreed to

remain a member of the movement. The objectives and intentions remained the same -- to

light and bring about the

overthtow of the Kenya

Government."

/13046

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54
KENYA

OPPORTUNISTS ABROAD SEEN IN LEAGUE WITH FOREIGN BACKING

Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 7 Mar 87 p 6

[Editorial: "Dissidents Are Out of Touch With Reality"]

[Text] IT is an interesting revelation that some of

the so-called dissidents in self-exile in

Europe are "non-Kenyans who have had the

audacity to claim to be bona fide Kenyan

citizens.

One of the number is Yusuf Mohamed the

self-styled chairman of an anti-Kenya

subversive group hibernating in London. It

would therefore appear that in their

inexcusable innocence thatrunaway Kenyan

exiles have been in league with professional

mercenaries bent on destabilising our

beloved country.

These birds of passage who pass through

Kenya with fake travel documents

purportedly issued in some neighbouring

countries or by international agencies can

not therefore claim an iota of legitimacy in

their doomed and evil designs to malign the

good name of our beloved country.

In the case of this self-proclaimed leader of

the subversive criminal gang in London, it

has been proved that he is not only an

opportunist but out of touch with realities in

the modern democratic Kenya. It has also been

proved that the self-styled leader and his

cohorts are not bona fide citizens but

mGrc6n&ri6S

It must be made absolutely clear that the

activities of these criminals, malcontents

and impish schemers will enlist no

sympathy in this country. Indeed their

malignant designs on our country will not

only fail but will be uprooted and eliminated in

their totality. As has been made crystal clear

by various leaders in the country and iii

particular by North Eastern Province!

leaders, the group and its self-styled leader

are nothing but opportunists.

55
/13046

CSO: 3400/51

It needs no belabouring the fact that these

schemers are not operating alone but in

league with foreign backing seeking to j

i introduce foreign ideologies that have no i

relevance to our national philosophy of '

Peace, Love and Unity.

Their designs are borne out of sheei '

personal greed, envy and malice devoid of

any practical sociqrpolitical programme. In

their, pursuit for self-glorification and selfaggrandisement, these professional

doomsayers will stop at nothing to hoodwink

the international community in their selfdestruction course.

^tJ^e dise

usti»g aspect of their campaign is

that they have enlisted and acquired the

sympathy and support of otherwise

alSeafeble bU*

gUllible internationai

56
KENYA

BRIEFS

RESHUFFLE STATE CORPORATION DIRECTORS—President Moi yesterday made a major

reshuffle of parastatal officials and appointed 60 new directors to the State

corporations. He also named new chief executives for some of the boards and

replaced directors involved in more than one corporation. The appointments

and transfers take immediate effect. Out of the 84 people transferred or

appointed, at least 21 are scholars from the country's universities. They

have been deployed in areas of their specialisation or where they could be

most useful. [By Paul Muhoho and Pius Nyamora] [Excerpt] [Nairobi DAILY

NATION in English 27 Feb 87 pp 1, 36] /13046

WHEAT, MAIZE PRICES UNCHANGED—The Government has not increased the retail

prices of wheat flour and maize meal and anybody found selling them at higher

prices should be reported to police, President Moi said yesterday. He said

the recent price increases affected rice and not wheat flour or maize meal.

He asked wananchi not to pay higher prices for the two and to report shopkeepers who had increased prices. President Moi was launching 10 more

Government commuter buses, outside Kipande House on Kenyatta Avenue, Nairobi.

There are now 24 Nyayo Buses operated by the National Youth Service. The bus

service was started last October. President Moi's announcement on food prices

was prompted by reports that traders had increased the prices of wheat flour

and maize meal following an increase in the retail prices of rice, sugar and

tea last month by the Minister for Finance Prof George Saitoti. The President

said the Government had no intention of increasing the prices of wheat flour

and maize meal until, probably, next year's harvest season. [By Chris Musyoka]

[Excerpt] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 3 Mar 87 pp 1, 24] /13046

POLITICAL SERMON—The Reverend Dr Timothy Njoya, the outspoken minister of the

Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), was yesterday defended by a^fellow

clergyman who also accused the church leaders of pressing for Dr Njoya s

transfer to Nyeri. The Reverend James Mwangi Munyi, who is in charge of the

Oloolaiser Parish, Ngong, told the NATION he was the secretary to the church

court which looked into Dr Njoya's case on October 19, last year, and that

after long deliberations, it was found that a sermon delivered by him on

October 5, last year "was relevant to the gospel of Jesus Christ and in line

with the reformed theology of the church". On Sunday, Dr Njoya accused the

PCEA secretary-general, the Reverend Dr Plawson Kuria and the Moderator, the

Right Reverend Dr George Wanjau, of transferring him to Nyeri because they were

not happy with a sermon he gave at the St Andrews Church in Nairobi, on

57
October 5. In that sermon, the clergyman had called for a free national

debate. He had partly said: "it is high time that the Government called a

baraza as God did, and invite all dissidents, malcontents, critics, fugitives

and anyone with a grievance or complaint to attend and say what they think."

But yesterday, Dr Wanjau said Dr Njoya's transfer was "normal" and if he had

anything to complain about, he should do so in the Presbytery court. [Excerpt]

[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 4 Mar 87 p 3] /13046

JOINT SHIPPING LINE—The Government has established a shipping line -- the

Kenya National Shipping Line Limited. It will have a share capital of

ShlOO million, 70 per cent of which will be held by the Kenya Ports Authority.

The rest will go to a German company Unimar Seetransport. The joint venture

agreement was signed yesterday in Nairobi between the KPA and the German

company. Unimar is owned by Mr K.M. Kuehne of Hamburg and Roland "Tiny"

Rowland's Lonrho Pic of London. The line will connect the Mombasa to the

industrial cities of Europe. It is expected that it will take care of

Kenya's tea, coffee (exports), fertilisers and oil (imports). The line will

carry 40 per cent of Kenya's seaborne import and import cargoes. The first

activities of the company will be a liner service between Kenya and Europe.

In the Initial stages, KNSL will use time chartered or bare-boat chartered

vessels specially suited for that purpose. [Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in

English 5 Mar 87 p 5] /13046

BUTCHERS UNION PRICE INCREASE—The Kenya National Butchers Union (KNBU)

yesterday increased the price of meat by between 10 and 14 per cent with

immediate effect. The union warned that any of its members who sell meat

above the new prices will be disciplined. High grade meat is not affected

by the new union prices and will sell on the open market as before. The

union move follows the Government's decision last month to decontrol the price

of meat. That step received reaction from butchers, consumers and the trade

union movement and sent meat prices fluctuating in different parts of the

country. Yesterday's price rise decision was reached at a meeting attended

by Butchers' Union representatives from every province. The meeting lasted

more than four hours. Their national chairman, Mr G. K. Kirima, thanked the

Government for removing the price controls, a measure the union had requested

for over seven years. He said the union had decided to increase the price of

meat by a Small margin as an experiment for one year, keeping in mind the

welfare of wananchi. "Meat is an essential food. Those who earn little

money and even the jobless must eat meat. And it is with this in mind that

we have decided to increase the price of the commodity by a very little margin

to enable wananchi to buy it," he said. Mr Kirima appealed to farmers not to

raise the price of their animals, otherwise the butchers might not be able to

maintain the new price. [By Francis Raymond] (Excerpt] [Nairobi DAILY

NATION in English 5 Mar 87 pp 1, 5] /13046

LONDON DISSIDENT—A Kenyan dissident in London, Mr Yusuf Hassan, used a

Ugandan passport to enter Britain. An Assistant Minister for Water Development,

MR AHMED OGLE, said this in Parliament when giving some facts on the man who

claimed recently to be a leader of a movement in Britain called "Ukenya".

He concurred with a Minister in the Office of the President, Mr Maalim

Mohammed, who said in Parliament on Wednesday that the man is a Tanzanian but

58
Claims he is a Kenyan Somali from Wajir district. Ogle told the House that

people from Wajir and North Eastern Province in general have "nothing to do

with Ukenya". Ogle noted that it had become easy for people in neighbouring

countries to cross to Kenya and claim to be Kenyans with identity cards.

On the so-called Hassan, Ogle told the House that the information available

about the man is that he was born in Tanzania and went to Britain using a

Ugandan passport. He said the man is an ethnic Somali. He thanked President

Moi for opening up the route to Wajir, saying the people of North Eastern

province had been formerly forgotten. The President now visits the province

every now and then and the people of the province are now seeing development.

[By Emman Omari] [Excerpt] [Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 6 Mar 87 p 32]

/13046

DEFENDING LAWYER DETAINED—Mr Gibson Kamau Juria, the Nairobi lawyer arrested

two weeks ago while preparing to represent three detainees in a suit against

the Government, is in detention. The detention order, dated March 6, and

signed by the Minister in charge of internal security, Mr. Justus ole Tipis,

was yesterday produced in the High Court. It came as Mr Kuria's lawyer

demanded that the Government show cause why he should not be produced in court.

But the validity of the detention order was challenged by Mr Paul Muite,

another Nairobi lawyer acting .for Mr Kuria. Mr Muite urged that a constitutional court be set up to hear his objections. Mr Kuria was picked up by ^

police two weeks ago as he prepared to take up the case of Mr Mukaru Ng ang a,

a former university lecturer, Mr Mirugi Kariuki, a controversial Nakuru

advocate and politician, and Mr Wanyiri Kihoro, a Mombasa lawyer, all of

whom were complaining of having been tortured before being detained. But the

Assistant Deputy Public Prosecutor, Mr Bernard Chunga, argued that the

detention order was valid. The Police Commissioner and the Attorney-General

had complied with all the requirements demanded by Mr Muite, he said. Mr Kuria

could not be produced in court as he had been placed in preventive detention in

accordance with the laws, the court heard. [By Andrew Kuria] [Excerpt]

[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Mar 87 pp 1, 4] /13046

ELECTRICITY DEMAND INCREASE—Kenya's demand for electricity is growing at

about nine per cent a year. And the Kenya Power and Lighting Company has

lined up several power projects to meet this growing requirement for the

country's development. According to the managing director, Mr S.M. Gichuru,

the company will spend Shl30 million this year on the Sh5 billion Kiambere

power project in Embu. Another Shl20 million will go the the Turkwell project,

which is being developed by the Kerio Valley Development Authority. Mr Gichuru

was briefing the Press at Kiambere after a tour of the plant by the company

directors. He was pleased with the project's progress. It is expected to be

commissioned early next year. Kiambere will provide 140 megawatts of electricity,

the managing director said. The growing demand for power was due to expansion

in the industrial sector which has raised the output to export to the Preferential

Trade Area (PTA) market. The demand was also increased by rural electrification.

About 30 megawatts more could be needed annually for the next three years.

The figure would rise to 35 megawatts. Between June last year and January this

year, the average maximum demand for power rose from 400.42 megawatts to 419.35

megawatts. It now stands at 420 megawatts. The installed capacity is 543

megawatts. Mr Gichuru said the country continues to import 30 megawatts from

59
Uganda as required by the 1954 agreement with the Uganda Electricity Board.

The directors who toured Kiambere on Wednesday were Mr Sam Ambundo, Mr Okello

Jalang'o, Mr J.F. Barmasai, Mr Paul Kihara, Mr John Kahumbu, Mr Morris Mwenda,

Mr Amos Ng'ang'a and Mr Lawrence Sagini. Mr Alfrik Birgen, deputy chairman

of the Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority, was also present. [Text]

[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Mar 87 p 10] /13046

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60
LIBERIA

CULTURE, TOURISM BUREAUS RETURN TO INFORMATION MINISTRY

AB311004 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 0710 GMT 31 Mar 87

[Text] The national legislature has passed a bill returning functions of the

Culture and Tourism Bureau to the Ministry of Information. The bill, which was

passed yesterday, repealed PRC decree No. 46 of June 1981, and reactivated

Chapter 31 of the new executive law of May 1972 which created the Ministry of

Information and Cultural Affairs.

A capitol building release, quoted by LINA [Liberian National News Agency],

said that the Bureau of Culture and Tourism operating on an isolated and

fragmented basis, independent of the Ministry of Information, did not achieve

the desired results contemplated by both the new Constitution of Liberia and

Chapter 31 of the new executive law. The release pointed out that the

Ministry of Information possesses the necessary equipment, personnel,

expertise, and other means to organize, supervise, and encourage the mass

production, improvement, and popularization of Liberia's indigenous arts and

crafts. The release said the Ministry of Information also has the expertise

to establish, operate and maintain a national cultural center, and an

ethnographical museum, including the terming and execution of programs for

the preservation of the folklore, morals, and indigenous culture of the nation.

/9738

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61
MOZAMBIQUE

PETROLEUM, NATURAL, GAS EXPLORATION PROTOCOL SIGNED WITH USSR

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Feb 87 p 1

(Text] Last Thursday in Moscow, Mario Marques, Mozambican national director

of hydrocarbons, signed a protocol with the Soviet Ministry of Geology for

cooperation in the area of petroleum and natural gas exploration.

Mario Marques told the correspondent from the Mozambican news agency AIM that

his opposite number in the signing of the document was M.I. Nikulchin,

general director of "Zarubegeologia."

According to the Mozambican official, the protocol provides for technical

assistance, consultation and execution of works, as well as cadre training.

The national director of hydrocarbons told AIM that this protocol is in

furtherance of cooperation, albeit on a small scale, which began in 1980 and

has been increasing, nurtured by the sessions of the Mozambican-Soviet

Joint Commission.

The spokesman added that he and his delegation, which included engineers

Issupo Abdula, technical director of operations of the National Hydrocarbons

Enterprise, and Victor Julian, director of the company's branch office in

Vilancula, were received that same Thursday by V.M. Volkhov, Soviet vice

minister of geology.

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62
MOZAMBIQUE

FINANCE MINISTEH HOLDS MEETING TO EXPLAIN PRE

Maputo NOT1CIAS in Portuguese 28 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] May an AP1E [_Administration of State-Owned Buildings] tenant sublet

a vacant room in his house? What should be done with the excess manpower in

the production units if there is no other place to put them to work? These

were among the questions asked of Finance Minister Abdul Magid Osman in a session called to explain the Economic Recovery Program [_PRE].

The meeting was held on Wednesday in the facilities of the Training Center of

the OMM [Organization °* Mozambican Women] in Machava. Another meeting, for

the same purpose, was held yesterday in Maxaquene, Urban District No 3.

Before he replied to these and other questions raised by some of the participants, Finance Minister Abdul Magid Osman (who was accompanied by Aurelio

Manhica, City Committee secretary for defense, and officials of the party and

government in Machava) presented a detailed history of our economy after the

conquest ot our independence.

The detailed account of the situation was received with great attention and

interest by the participants; in the faces of each of those present, one

could read a comprehension of the reasons which led our government to take the

new economic recovery measures.

In his exposition, the finance minister pointed to the [enemy action], which is

aimed basically at destroying the country's economic and social infrastructures,

the economic boycott effected by South Africa, the reduction of the Mozambican

labor force in the mines of that country and the decline in the production of

goods for domestic consumption and for export as the principal reasons for

the economic recession which we are experiencing now.

The government official said the goal of the PRE is to see that each Mozambican is aware of his responsibility in increasing production and productivity,

which is basically what his wage is for. He added that the state cannot provide

what he does not produce himself. According to the minister, for this year,

the state has budgeted 14 million contos to subsidize some strategic enterprises, noting, for example, such companies as Cimentos de Mocambique,

Cometal-Mometal and CARBOMOC [Mozambique National Coal Company], among others.

63
The finance minister noted that this sum will be reduced in 1988, because

each company should take responsibility for itself.

Speaking of the importance of taxes, Abdul Magid Osman said that tax collection is the key element in bringing in state revenues. It is with these

receipts, the minister stressed, that the government subsidizes the products

which are essential to the life of our people.

Production and Prices

Asked about the price policy, the finance minister stressed that the rise in

prices is linked to the real costs, the existing quantities of a certain product and the number of customers for it. The minister noted the introduction

of new prices for certain less essential products as a way of disrupting the

operations of the speculators, who take advantage of the shortages to amass

what he called "colossal fortunes."

Measures are being taken to combat the actions of the speculators and, according to the minister, the creation of special stores and controlled consumption

are a part of this strategy.

Demands Make Men Grow

Because the new PRE measures demand effort and responsibility from everyone

involved in production, the Minister said that no one grows unless increasing

demands are put on him.

"A child grows into a man when he has been instilled with a good civic education. In a company, a good director can turn poor workers into good ones,

not by using violent methods but by placing more demands on them to achieve

the production goals," the minister noted.

He made this statement to clarify certain disciplinary aspects of the application of the new economic measures, primarily in the area of wages. According to the minister, a poor worker should be punished by docking his monthly

wage.

House Rentals

During his lecture, Abdul Magid Osman also spoke of the objectives of the new

rental policy for state-owned property. "The rents will not be based on the

income of the tenant, as has been the case up to now, but on the value and

location of the property. In applying this new rent policy, the state does

not want to drive anyone out of the cement zone," he explained.

Again with regard to this matter, the minister added, however, that if there

are citizens who are earning 10,000 meticals and they are residing in the

Sommerschield zone, they are certainly not going to afford the new rents.

Regarding the questions and the doubts raised by some of the audience, which

included those of citizen Inacio Muchanga, the finance minister explained

64
that it is possible to rent out one of the rooms if this is reported to the

APIK and the new tenant does not pay as much as the original tenant.

Regarding the reductions in force and the reintegration of manpower considered

excessive, Abdul Magid Osman noted that this is a complicated problem and its

implementation will not be automatic, but will require the involvement of the

competent structures.

"With the new tax legislation, what will the procedure be for the foreign

workers? null they be exempted from taxes?" asked an employee of Caju de

Mocambique in Machava.

In reply, the minister explained that the tax liability of a foreigner will

depend on how his contract is written. "If the contract establishes that he

must pay taxes, then he will do so, like any other Mozambican worker; otherwise, he will be exempt," the minister said.

Other doubts and questions raised by the participants were duly explained by

the finance minister. He promised to hold other meetings to provide further

explanations which will make it possible for the citizen to understand the

goals of the PRE better.

Students Exempt

The finance minister conducted another conference yesterday, at the EFEP

[not further expanded] installations in Urban District No 3. The minister

again explained the main reasons which led the Mozambican Government to take

these economic measures. As he noted, the purpose of the PRE is to increase

production and to see that each one receives according to his productive

capacity.

The explanation of the country's economic situation was followed by a discussion period, in which doubts, questions and opinions were voiced regarding

the new measures for the reactivation of the nation's economy.

"Students 18 years of age or older are exempted from the National Reconstruction Tax as long as they present corroborating documents issued by the educational institution in which they are enrolled," the minister explained,

in reply to a question by citizen Eliza Jorge.

Another question had to do with the disparity in the charges for water and

energy consumption. It is noted that this question had already been raised in

Thursday's meeting in Machava. According to the questioner, Electricidade de

Mocambique has recently presented bills charging more than the real value of

the domestic water and energy consumption.

In this regard, the finance minister said a meeting would be held with the

organs which oversee this area to study this complaint, which is quite common

in the city of Maputo.

It is noted that, in this latter maeting, the finance minister was accompanied

by Cristina Tembe, Maputo City Committee secretary of the economy, and other

party and government cadres in Urban District No 3.

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65
MOZAMBIQUE

INTERNAL, EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF MNR EXPLAINED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 18 Mar 87 pp 5-6

[Text] Rebels of the Rekistehcia National Mocambicana

(MNR) Have devastated large areas of Mozambique)

driving farmers away and wrecking production. The

MNR's external leadership, which has the task of

explaining the movement to the world, is but of

touch with the internal leadership and is ill-informed

about events in Mozambique itself. Below We examine the.exterrial and'internaldimensions of the MNR.

Over the past year, the MNR's president, Afbhso

Dlilakama, has moved to africanise the movement's

image, removing people compromised by the colonial

past. In particular, he has taken steps to cut the

Portuguese connection, a move long urged by the

MNR's friends in the government1of South Africa

and anti-communist lobbies in the United States.

They argue that the Mozambican government will

be more likely to negotiate with MNR leaders who

are not Portuguese citizens.

vThe major casualty of africanisation so far is

former. Secretary-General Evo Fernandes, a Portuguese citizen of Goan descent; Before independence

in 1975 he was a close associate of the leading

settler businessman Jorge Jardim and worked on his

newspaper Noticiasda Beira until ousted by proMozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) journalists in 1974. Fernandesüs believed to have worked

for the colonial secret police.

!

In mid-1986 Dhlakama abolished the post of secret

tary-general, putting Fernandas in charge of a studies

department which has so far published not a word:

In February 1987 Fernandes was expelled from the

MNR's National Executive Council. Fernandes' friend' Jorge Correia, a white' Portuguese who had

been the MNR's Western Europe representative, was

expelled fronvthe MNR altogether. According to ah

announcement made by the MNR on 27 February;

Fernandes and Correia were accused of 'false in for«

mation, theft of money, use of trusted individuals

to divide the MNR, and nepotism.' We have, no

details of the precise allegations, but the 'false infor66
mation' referred to is probably, the, incident in April

1986 when Correia claimed MNR responsibility for

a car bomb in Maputo that injured 49 people. This

deeply embarrassed the MNR, which attributed the

bomb to dissidents inside the Mozambican army.

The new external line up is:

• Joäo da Silva Alaide, briefly Mozambican ambassador lo

Lisbon in 1982, who resigned in mysterious circumstances and

has now resurfaced as the MNR's man in Lisbon.

• Jose Francisco Mascarenhas, his number two, a former agent

of the Mozambican Servico National de Sexurahca Popular

(SNASP) secret police. After National Director of Security

Jorge Cosla defected to South Africa in 1982, Mascarenhas

was one of about 100 SNASP officers detained for several

months. .After his release he too went to South Africa, and

thence to Portugal.,. . ; f

• Francisco Nota Moises, the new information officer appointed

in December 1986. He was formerly an employee of the British

Broadcastitii> Corporation at its Nairobi monitoring station.

• Foreign Relations Secretary Ardir Jamiario de Ponseca, last

heard of in West Germany in 1986. lie is a black Mozambican

who worked for the Portuguese secret.police in the early 1960s.

Hence blacks now head the MNR's information

department and its European operation. But in fact

| MOZAMBIQUE |

all MNR public statements since the fall of Fernandes

have been made by another white Portuguese, Paulo

de Oliveira,' a former associate of Fernandes and

Correiä. He worked for the far-right Lisbon daily

O Dia before becoming chief European spokesman.

67
The MNR also has a new representative in Washington. This is Luis Scrapiäo, a former FRELIMO

student who refused to return to Mozariibique in the

1960s and is now a professor at Howard University.

Serapiäo has written articles bitterly attacking FRELIMO for its mixed-race composition. A row flared

up in August 1986 over who really represented the

MNR in Washington - Serapiäo or Artur Vilancuhi,

another FRELIMO student of the 1960s who later

joined the splinter Mozambique Revolutionary Committee (COREMO) before joining the MNR in 1982.

Both Serapiäo and Vilanculu had backing from

extemists in the USA, including the Heritage Foundation and Free the Eagle. They collaborated to set

up a pro-MNR Mozambique Information Office,

headed by Thomas Schaff, an American citizen who

worked for the Zimbabwean Agricultural Extension

Service near the Mozambican border until 1985,

when the Zimbabwean security police began to investigate his activities. '

So Serapiäo has now won his battle with Vilanculu

to be recognised as MNR spokesman in the USA.

Certainly Vilanculu's MNR credentials look shaky.

In September 1985 he was leading another splinter

organisation called CON I MO (Mozambique

National Independent Committee), formed in West

Germany and including FRELIMO dissidents, such

as Zeca Caliatc, a FRELIMO commander who

deserted to the Portuguese in 1973, and Maximo

Dias, ex-chairman of a group which split from

FRELIMO in 1974.

These are not the only splinter-groups connected

with the MNR. They also include the Democratic

Party for the Liberation of Mozambique (PAI)ELIMO), led by Faiuiel Mahiii/a, a FRELIMO founder-member who quit in 1963. He now divides his

time between Kenya and South Africa. Mozambican

sources suggest that PADELIMO is an MNR front,

set up to facilitate its operations in Kenya, which is

important for the MNR as a source of passports.

Also living in Kenya is former FRELIMO central

committee member Leo Milas (alias Seifu Milasi)

who, according to some accounts, was ä founding

member of the MNR. He is a black American

who pretended to be Mozambican and infiltrated

FRELIMO in the 1960s. He was unmasked by the

late Dr Kduardo Mondlane in 1966 and expelled from

the movement. He works for the United Nations

Environment Programme in Nairobi.

The internal leadership of the MNR is much

less complicated. It hinges on Commandcr-in-Chief

Albnso Dhlakama, who claims to have deserted

from the Portuguese army to join FRELIMO in

1972. But in 1972 he was a student at a seminary in

Tete Province, and is two years loo young to have

68
been conscripted into the Portuguese. army. In

Maputo it is said that his military career began

with FRELIMO only in 1974. Fie was trained at

FRELIMÖ's rear base at Nachingwea in Tanzania

before being put in charge of logistics in Sofala

Province.

In 1976 Dhlakama was accused of robbery and

put in a 're-education' camp, from which he escaped

in 1977 to join the newly-formed MNR in Rhodesia.

The Rhodesians put him in charge of the MNR in

1979, after the death of the MNR's -first commander

Andre Matade Matsangaissa. Dhlakama won a bitter

leadership dispute within the MNR, which transferred its rear base to the Transvaal after Zimbabwean

independence.

The rest of the MNR leadership is predominantly

Ndau-speaking, a legacy of the Rhodesian.Ortfw/

Intelligence Organisation's, patronage; Ndau chauvinism gives the MNR a certain legitimacy in parts

of central Mozambique, but stops it getting, popular

support south of the Save River, In the .north, the

MNR benefited in 1982 from-its absorption >of

groups. of Africa Livre fighters operating out of

Malawi (AC Vol 23 Nos 15, 16). One of the Africa

Livre leaders was businessman Gimo; ;Phiri, 'who

became the MNR's chief representative in Malawi,

operating under a variety of assumed names. Photocopies of his various passports were,, among the

evidence submitted by Presidents Samora Maehcl

and;Kcniieth Kaunda and Prime Minister Robert

Mugabe to President Kamu/.u Banda in their confrontation over Malawian support for the MNR in

Blantyreon 11 September .1986. The MNRioperates

out: of Malawi and indeed is quite popular there*

not least because MNR; fighter.s take booty^ and

agricultural produce for, sale in Malawi and buy

consumer goods. In:September and October 1986

the MNR launched a major offensive from Malawi

into Zambezia and Tete Provinces. A government

counter-offensive, now officially confirmed as aided

by Tanzanian troops (AC Vol 28 No 2) is driving

them back in Zambezia especially.

By late February 1987, the MNR still had free

rein in much of upper Zambezia, northern Tete, and

northern Sofalä. MNR claims to have launched

heavy attacks in the Beira Corridor are discounted

in Maputo and Harare. Zimbabwean troops guard

the'corridor and keep, the railway, running. The

MNR, operating from bases in South, Africa, has

also made some attacks into Gaza and Maputo

Provinces to divert government forces from their

northern counter-attack. At a very generous estimate,, the MNR may be said to have unrestricted

freedom of movement in some 10-15% of Mozambique's total area. Zambezia, Tete and Sofala were

69
/12828

CSO: 3400/375

the only provinces in which the MNR forced postponement of a significant number of elections during

recent general elections.

But it is misleading to speak of MNR control.

MNR bands, many of which really arc bandits, with

no political motive, do not aim to establish zones

of effective control, but to put pressure on. the

government by driving peasant families off the land

and into the towns or over, the borders. War-parties

single out teachers, health workers and government

shops for attack.There is no doubt that MNR bands

have committed horrible atrocities against civilians.

The remote areas where MNR warlords arc more

or less secure from government attack appear to be

run by local chiefs, with farmers producing food for

the MNR. Some eye-witnesses report MNR fighters

as having poor equipment, short of ammunition and

reduced to cleaning their guns with hot water. In

other cases they have bazookas, machine-guns and

grenade-launchers. Fighters interviewed in Zambczia

said they fought for the MNR bacausc it was preferable to fleeing to Malawi or Zambin. Dhlakama

himself tells visitors that.he is fighting for ideological

reasons, but he seems to be the only one who thinks

so, although, some MNR fighters claim to have

joined the movement after being expropriated by

FRELIMO officials. There is evidence that the MNR

runs forced labour camps.

MNR warlords operate with a good deal of autonomy but are in regular high-frequency radio contact

with their central bases in Mozambique, or even

rear bases in Malawi or South Africa. Visitors to

Dhlakama's headquarters report aides constantly

coming and going With radio messages. Dhlakama,

and other leaders such as Commandante Calisto in

Zambczia, travel on small motor-cycles looted from

sacked towns. But Dhlakama's claims to have a

regular government seem pure fantasy. MNR members captured by the government arc unable to name

any MNR leader except Dhlakama,

The MNR interests South Africa because of its

regional role. Its attacks on railways have the effect

of forcing the front-line .states '"to dependence on

the South African railway system. Nothing is moving

on .the Malawi-Bcira line. The Limpopo line, from

Zimbabwe to Maputo, has been closed! to international traffic since,'mid-1984. The Malawi-Nacala

line is also/'out of operation. Other international

lines (Beira-Zimbabwe, Maputo-Swaziland, MaputoSouth Africa) have been subject to sporadic sabotage

but have never been completely shut •

70
MOZAMBIQUE

'SAVE THE CHILDREN' $1.5 MILLION EMERGENCY AID TO ZAMBEZIA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese IT Feb 87 p 3

[Text] Christian Saunders, the associate representative of the British

humanitarian organization, "Save the Children," revealed in Maputo Saturday

that that organization has already made ahout $1.5 million available for the

purchase of seeds in the framework of the emergency program for Zambezia

Province in the center-north region.

"Save the Children," which operates in more than 100 developing countries has

seven persons working in Mozambique.

In an exclusive interview with AIM, Saunders said that the seeds will arrive

shortly in that province, one of the provinces most affected by hunger in

Mozambique.

The representative of "Save the Children" revealed that his organization's

emergency program calls for the shipping of 300 tons of soap, 25 tons of salt,

8 trucks, and various home utensils to the province.

He explained that the choice of Zambezia Province to receive the aid was made

by the Mozambican Government. "When we arrived here 3 years ago, the

Mozambican Government informed us that Zambezia was the most needy province at

the time and asked that the organization provide its support to that region"

he added.

Recent figures set the number of persons who are suffering the most serious

food shortage in that region at over 1.5 million, that hunger being due to the

war imposed by the armed bandits of South Africa.

Referring to the difficulties encountered in the organization's work, Saunders

indicated the problems connected with transportation, communications, and

logistics. He said also that in Zambezia Province only the route linking

Quelimane, the provincial capital, and Mocuba is passable by roadway and that

the sea route has to be used to link some coastal districts.

For that reason, it was necessary for the organization to send a small plane

to assist the neediest populations and the sick in the regions that are difficult of access.

71
With regard to the development programs carried out by the organization,

Saunders said that projects are underway in Zambezia for the creation of a

recycling center for health and education personnel.

Also underway are projects aimed at creating incentives for parents who adopt

abandoned children.

Saunders spoke about another British nongovernmental organization collecting

funds intended to aid the populations of Zambezia and Niassa.

With regard to this project, Saunders said that an appeal was launched in

Great Britain on Thursday calling for the collection of $5 to $7 million

intended for the purchase of food, means of transportation, seeds and production

materials. The British Government has already put $900,000 at the disposal of

the organization.

As Saunders said: "I was in Zambezia 7 months ago and there was a large

quantity of food in the warehouses" but there was no transportation to distribute it to the regions most severely affected. "The priority of that appeal

will also be for the purchase of means of transport," he explained.

This organization has been working in Mozambique for 3 years and thus far more

than $3.5 million has been channelled into the emergency and development program.

"We work without bureaucracy and will stay in Mozambique until the situation

begins to show improvement. This is the only way of expressing our solidarity

with Mozambique," he said in conclusion.

8711/5915

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72
MOZAMBIQUE

DPPCCN AIDED 106,000 DISPLACED PERSONS IN SOFALA IN 1986

Maputo NÖTIGIAS in Portuguese 26 Feb 87 p 8

[Text] More than 106,000 displaced persons, victims of the famine and of the

armed bandits, were provided with various foodstuffs, clothing and production

tools by the Provincial Department for Prevention of and Combat against

Natural Disasters [.DPPCCN] in Sofala last year. Those persons were forced to

leave their native areas because of the actions of the armed bandits. They

are now being integrated into the productive process, basically in agriculture.

The DPPCCN provided this information in its report to the Provincial Emergency

Commission, which met recently in the city of Beira to assess the situation.

The DPPCCN noted that it had received 12,336 tons of various products from

its usual donors, enabling it to meet 50 percent of its needs in aid to the

affected population.

"Ths support made it possible to catalyze the actions of the political and

administrative structures in the districts for the speedy and effective enlistment of this newly recovered population," the report stresses.

The major problem faced by the DPPCCN last near was the near inaccessability

of some districts. According to the same source, this prevented regular shipments of goods in the Chibabava, Chiringoma and Marromeu districts.

General Emergency Program

The military offensive launched in Gorongosa District, which culminated in the

capture of "Casa Banana," enabled many people who were living with the armed

bandits against their will to turn themselves in to the authorities and,

obviously, they needed assistance.

It was for this reason that an emergency program was created for that district,

designated the Provincial Office for Gorongosa, whose function was to receive

the people who presented themselves, provide them with clothing, health care,

food and housing and enlist them in productive activities.

The repair and maintenance of roads, bridges, landing strips for small planes,

energy sources and other economic and social infrastructures destroyed by the

enemy were other actions carried out by that office.

73
However, with the deterioration of the political-military situation in other

northern districts of the province, such as Marromeu, Cheringoma, Caia and

others, it became necessary to expand the emergency plan to cover the province.

It was to this end that the Third Session of the Provincial Government of

Sofala, held last August, created the Emergency Commission, to coordinate all

the provincial activities in this area.

The executive agency is the DPPCCN, which includes such organizations as the

AMASP [Mozambican Association for Friendship and Solidarity with Peoples],

the CVN [Mozambican Red Cross], mass democratic organizations, governmental

and nongovernmental international organizations and some religious faiths;

it also has the support of the Health, Agriculture, Commerce, Building and

Waters, Finance and Planning directorates,among other provincial directorates.

6362

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74
MOZAMBIQUE

BUZI ADMINISTRATOR DISCUSSES SUCCESSES IN AGRICULTURE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Feb 87 p 3

[Report on interview with Party First Secretary and Buzi Administrator

Chivavisse Muchangage by Antonio Sitoe; in Vila do Buzi, date not given]

[Text] Party First Secretary and Buzi Administrator Chivavisse Muchangage

considers the coordination that exists among the various structures as the

secret of the successive victories achieved by that district in the politicomilitary, economic, and social areas. He was speaking during a recent interview granted to NOTICIAS reporters in Vila do Buzi, during which pressing

matters in all areas of activity were discussed, particularly the excellent

prospects for the 1986-87 agricultural campaign.

Located barely a 3-hour trip by boat, on the banks of the river of the same

name, Buzi is one of the districts of Sofala where the specter of war, of

armed banditry, hovers over the countenance of most of its inhabitants.

According to the administrator of Buzi, five of the seven settlements that

comprise the district are under the complete and total control of our authorities. In the remaining settlements, military, and political actions are being

launched to prevent armed banditry from ever representing an obstacle to

progress, the establishment of peace, and the well-being of this beautiful

district.

"The recent victories won in the military area have led the population that is

forced to live daily with the armed bandits to surrender voluntarily to our

forces. These are clear examples of the political-military actions launched

for the reestablishment of peace, not only in the district but also in the

region," observed Chivavisse Muchangage.

Fight While Producing

It is common to say that in order to produce, it is necessary to have peace.

However, the population of Buzi District did not wait for peace, that peace of

which the armed bandits supported from abroad persist in depriving us. And

with their weapons slung over their shoulders and their hoes in their hands,

they went on taming the prodigious land, sowing abundance.

75
"The excellent prospects that the present agricultural campaign brings us are

not the product of chance. They are the result of the rich experiences

accumulated from campaign to campaign, from success to success, and from some

failures, because our motto has been this: do not become discouraged in the

face of difficulties however great they may be, but seek alternatives to overcome them," emphasized our interviewee.

With regard to the few contacts the NOTICIAS reporters had with some producing

sectors, especially in agriculture, with some elements of the population, and

what we were able to observe during the trip and in the fields that surround

the town, Buzi is moving with steady and sure steps toward the eradication of

hunger.

"In this campaign, we paid greater and special attention to the family sector,

which as you know is the most important one in the district, through direct

support that consists in linking family producers to private or state ones so

that they may receive all the necessary support from the latter in terms of

machinery and utensils," explained the administrator of Buzi.

According to him, this process, in which all the deputies are directly involved,

and the regular rains that have fallen in the region, are the principal factors

that will contribute to the anticipated success of the current harvest.

In the meantime, the district director of agriculture, Vasco Antonio Sinoia,

told our reporters that the area covered by the family sector was 100 percent

plowed and sown and that there are also good prospects for the second-season

crops.

In fact, during our stay in the district capital, we noted on the countenances

of the people an air of happiness and of hope for a better future. The subject

of their conversation is inevitably about their collective farms, the estimates

of the crop, whether corn, mapira [unknown term], or rice.

Along the banks of the river as well as in the fields that surround the town,

women are bent under the weight of the ears of corn already mature and ready

to alleviate hunger; and on the opposite bank of the town, in Matinoti, fresh

and tender ears of corn are already on sale.

Extension of the School Network

According to the administrator of Buzi, noteworthy in the social area is,

first of all, the concern that district authorities connected with education

have demonstrated in the extension of the primary, secondary, and antiilliteracy network as far as the most remote areas to raise the level of education, and in the introduction of new classes, thus creating conditions for a

more efficient training of the skilled labor force.

"Efforts aimed at the introduction of the National Education System in all of

the schools in the district, the construction and enlargement of schools and

classrooms with the direct and active participation of the population are

examples of the actions carried out by the education sector to implement the

plans established for this social area," emphasized our interviewee.

76
In the area of health also, the efforts undertaken by the district in expanding

the health network are well known, and the results are already apparent with

a substantial increase in the flow of patients to the various hospital centers.

"All these gains, all these victories are not the product of chance. They are

the result of the correct methods we employ in the solution of our problems.

They are, above all, the result of the coordination existing among the various

structures, in which the people, with their total dedication to work, producing to feed themselves and the Armed Forces of Mozambique, play a preponderant

role," emphasized Administrator Chivavisse Muchangage.

8711/5915

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77
MOZAMBIQUE

BEIRA OPENS REPAIR SHOP FOR SHIP MOTORS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Mar 87 p 3

[/rext] A machine sho p for the maintenance of "Volvo Penta" ship motors, which

are installed in most of the small-scale fishing fleet in Sofala, was officially

inaugurated a few days ago in the city of Beira.

The installation of this new infrastructure, which will play an important role

in vitalizing fishing activity in that region of the country, was financed by

the Scandinavian countries.

This newspaper learned that the Scandinavian countries made shop equipment and

spare parts, valued at 4,000 contos, available to get the operation off to a

good start.

The inaugural ceremony was held in the facilities of the Beira Fishing Association, to which the machine shop is an exed. Among those who took part in the

ceremony were Ms Eva Belfrage, of the ASDI (Swedish Agency for International

Development) and Goran Levin, of the Scandinavian Fisheries Program.

Speaking on that occasion, Eva Belfrage said she was quite pleased with the

work accomplished and that the creation of this machine shop has been awaited

for a long time by the small-scale fishermen.

"I hope that the Fishing Association will be able to respond to the concerns

of the fishermen;' urged the ASU1 official, who also admired how clean and

neat the new machine shop was.

Speaking in turn, Augusto Machado, acting director of the Sofala Province

Fishing Services, thanked the Nordic countries for their support in setting

up the machine shop.

He added that the new infrastructure would make it possible to provide technical assistance for the ship motors of many of the small-scale fishermen,

which had been difficult before.

Most of Sofala's small-scale fishing fleet was out of commission, precisely

for want of maintenance of the engines because of the lack of spare parts.

78
32 Motors Repaired

During the ceremony, our reporter learned that the new machine shop has already

repaired 32 Volvo Penta engines since it went into operation in January,

before it was formally inaugurated.

Those repairs permitted a significant part of the local small-scale fishing

fleet to go back into operation.

The machine shop urgently needs more spare parts to attend to the fishermen's

needs for technical assistance.

6362

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79
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

BEIRA CORRIDOR WORK—The rails on the railway line between Zimbabwe and

Mozambique's central city of Beira are currently being replaced by other heavy

ones. The chairman of the Beira Corridor Services, Rui Fonseca, said the

current 30 kg rails are being replaced by the new ones weighing 40 kgs. The

replacement work will last until next July. [Excerpt] [Maputo in English

to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 26 Mar 87 MB] /9738

CHISSANO REPLACES GOVERNOR, BANK CHAIRMAN—A source from the office of the

president informed in Maputo this afternoon that in the exercise of his

constitutional.powers, President Joaquim Chissano has relieved Joaquim

Ribeiro de Carvalho as chairman of the People's Development Bank [BPD].

Another presidential decree also relieves Antonio Fernando Materrula as

governor of Zambezia province for health reasons. The president of the

republic has meanwhile appointed (Hermano Gildo Queda Gamito) as BPD chairman, Antonio Simbine as governor of Cabo Delgado Province, and Carlos

Agostinho do Rosario as governor of Zambezia Province. [Text] [Maputo

Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 25 Mar 87 MB] /9738

DISPLACED IN GURUE DISTRICT, ZAMBEZIA—People displaced by the emergency

situation in Gurue District, Zambezia Province, are estimated to number in

the dozens of thousands. According to information received by Radio

Mozambique, one-third of this number is comprised of children who are

seriously undernourished. Radio Mozambique also learned that the number of

displaced people tends to increase every day because of destabilization by

armed bandits in the pay to South Africa. The viability of rendering urgent

assistance to the displaced is currently under study, and it is expected that

a considerable quantity of corn and other products donated by the international

community will soon arrive in that district. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service

in Portuguese 1400 GMT 24 Mar MB] /9738

PLOWS FOR GAZA—Yesterday afternoon, the Portuguese Government presented 60

animal-drawn plows to the Department for Prevention of and Combat against

Natural Disasters [DPCCN3 to aid the populations affected by the natural disasters in our country. The gift was presented at one of the DPCCN warehouses

in Maputo by Paulouro das Neves, Portuguese ambassador accredited in Maputo,

to Salomao Mambo, director of the DPCCN Logistical Support Unit. According

to our information, theplows will be sent to Gaza Province. The photograph

[[not reproduced] shows the act of presentation of the plows. [_TextJ [Maputo

NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Feb 87 p 8 ] 6362

80
INDIAN NAVAL PRESENCE--A limited Indian naval presence is operating in

Mozambican waters in a bid to thwart resupply by sea of the rebel Renamo

forces using South African shops and submarines, the London publication

Southscan has reported. President Joaquim Chissano has said that

Mozambican government forces had prevented Renamo from occupying coastal

centres in Zambezia province for this purpose. [Text][Paris THE INDIAN

OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 14 Mar 87 p 3]/12828

BULGARIANS TO REHABILITATE GERALCO—Bonifacio Saulosse, the director of

Geralco, an edible oil and soap-producing unit headquartered in Quelimane,

told our reporters recently that Bioinvest (A Bulgarian Company) plans to

rehabilitate that company this year. According to our interviewee, the projected rehabilitation of Geralco is the object of a contract signed last year

between the two companies in the framework of cooperation between the People's

Republic of Mozambique and the People's Republic of Bulgaria. According to

the director, the rehabilitation, which will take 6 months, will encompass the

two factories that comprise Geralco: the oil and soap factories. The process

will cover the same number of phases. Bonifacio Saulosse said that "it is

planned to keep one factory producing while the other is being rehabilitated,"

adding that the oil sector will be the first to benefit from this measure.

The rehabilitation of Geralco will restore the production levels of those two

factories which, at the present time, are utilizing about one-quarter of their

available capacity. Director Bonifacio Saulosse added that the first Bulgarian

brigade is scheduled to arrive in Quelimane City shortly to start work on the

company rehabilitation project. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

IT Feb 87 p 3] 8711/5915

CSO: 3UU2/95

81
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

OIL INDUSTRY TRAINING OFFERED—Lagos—Nigeria's Petroleum Training Institute

(PTI) will assist needy African countries in the training of manpower for

their oil industry in line with the requirements of the newly formed African

Petroleum Producers Association (APPA), head of petroleum engineering of the

PTI, Egwu Nwanokwale said. Nwanokwale, who is also the Vice-Principal of the

Institute based in Warri in the mid-western state of Bendel, said the institute

had placed a 987,000 US dollars worth of sub-sea oilwell equipment from the

Mobil Oil Company and had already trained personnel from the Congo, adding

that Angola, Ghana and Tanzania had made enquiries on the possibility of

training their manpower there. He said that institute was the best equipped

petroleum training center in the country and called on interested persons to

avail themselves of the opportunities offered by it. The PTI which established

in 1975 has turned out 1,630 diploma and higher diploma graduated with the

number of students on its roll rising from 100 in 1975 to 2000 last year.

(NAN/PANA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 8 Feb 87

p 6] /13046

BOOST TO MOTOR INDUSTRY—In a $2 million technical collaboration agreement,

TJ Filters Limited of England is helping Stag Engineering (Nigeria) Limited to

set up a manufacturing and marketing operation for oil and air filters. TJ

Filters is one of Britain's principal manufacturers of this equipment and

holds a substantial share of the replacement filter after-market. It is also

an original equipment supplier to many leading vehicle manufacturers including

Rolls-Royce, Jaguar, Ford and Austin Rover. Overseas, the company markets

under the TJ Filters and Tecalemit brand names and has recently established

new distributorships in Canada, Holland, Italy and France. Under the Nigerian

agreement, TJ will provide product design and technical assistance during the

setting up of Stag Engineering's new manufacturing plant at Ijebuode. Training will be given to key Stag personnel at Plymouth. Because of the high

capital cost of some of the more advanced production equipment required, only

certain components will be produced initially in Nigeria, the balance being

supplied as completely knocked down parts by TJ. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD

in English 27 Feb 87 p 11] /13046

CSO: 3400/352

82
SENEGAL

PAI CONGRESS CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY

Unification of Opposition

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 3 Feb 87 p 9

[Article by Ibrahima Fall: "Toward a Vast Opposition Rally"]

[Text] The Fourth Regular Congress of the African Independence Party (PAI)

came to a close early yesterday evening at the People's Hall in Guediawaye.

Beginning Sunday morning, the congress first of all heard a message from the

PPS [Senegalese People's Party], followed by a reading of the six resolutions

and five motions. The first so-called general policy resolution starts by

recalling that the PAI, which is celebrating its 30th anniversary, is a mature,

responsible party that has spoken out on the "political, economic, social and

cultural crisis Senegal is currently enduring," particularly condemning the

government's new sectorial policies. The PAI also condemns the intervention of

the IMF and the World Bank, demands the withdrawal of French soldiers from

Senegal, while giving full responsibility to the National Army, and expresses

satisfaction that the people's struggle everywhere is intensifying. The second

resolution deals with the unity of Marxists and the union of patriots. It

calls for an immediate merger of Senegalese Marxist parties and proposes a

broad front of struggle open to all patriots. Regarding disarmament and peace,

the third resolution expresses concern over the arms race imputed to the United

States and supports the peace policy of socialist countries and the proposals

of the USSR on disarmament. The fourth resolution on the trade unions demands

an improvement in the living conditions of the workers, a reduction in prices

of basic commodities and the establishment of a single trade union federation

"independent from the bourgeoisie." The fifth and sixth resolutions on women

and young people deplore the living conditions of these two social groups and

support them in their fight. The congress next passed four motions of support

for the ANC, the SWAPO, the POLISARIO Front and the PLO.

These motions reaffirm the unwaivering support of the PAI for these national

liberation movements. The last motion passed and proposed by delegates from

the region of Ziguinchor is a special motion congratulating Secretary General

Majhemout Diop for "his loyalty to the PAI and his role in the party's expanded influence."

The reading of the resolutions and motions was followed by a press conference

moderated by the secretary general of the PAI. In his preliminary statement,

83
he referred to subjects as varied as the PAI and unity, the PAI, Marxism and

Africa, the PAI and religion, the PAI and national and international questions.

Diop reaffirmed the vocation of unity of his party, which will spare no effort

to see that the merger of all Marxist parties into a single party comes about

and that the union of patriots becomes a reality. The leader of the PAI

placed great hope in the vast opposition rally that will soon be created and

in whose favor the Suxxali Reewmi Front (FSR) has dissolved. Turning to the

elections, Diop said that "there have never been honest, regular elections in

Senegal." The PAI's position on the coming elections is reserved, for the

time being, he said, but noted that the party will take the position of the

Marxist parties, two members of the former FSR and other patriotic parties

into account. However, the leader of the PAI warned, "if the question of the

unity of the opposition is not settled, it would be suicidal to participate

in the elections."

It was amidst an atmosphere of great piety, marked by prayers offered by

Serigne Moustapha Mbacke from Touba, that the Fourth Regular Congress of the

African Independence Party (PAI) began yesterday at the People's Hall in

Guediawaye. This year, the party is celebrating the 30th anniversary of its

creation. The Internationale, the anthem of the international working class,

and Momsarew, that of the PAI, were then played before the representatives of

the brother parties spoke. The congress then successively heard messages of

solidarity from Mrs Dina Forit, member of the Italian Communist Party Central

Committee, the LD/MPT [Democratic League-Movement for the Labor Party], the

PIT [Party for Independence and Labor], the MDP [People's Democratic Movement],

the UDP [Union for a People's Democracy], the LCT [Communist Workers League],

the PLP [People's Liberation Party], the OST [Workers Socialist Organization],

the AJ-MRDN [AND-JEF/Revolutionary Movement for the New Democracy], from

Mamadou Dia, president of the FSR, and Romanian Communist Party Secretary

General Ceaucescu. In his welcoming address, Assane Paye, secretary general

from the region of Dakar, stressed the relevance of the PAI struggle, articulated around the tryptic Momsarew, Boksarew and Defar sa rew.

In his introductory report entitled "The PAI From 1947 to 1987: 30 Years of

Struggle in the Service of the People," Majhemout Diop, secretary general of

the PAI, recalled the conditions surrounding the formation of his party on

15 September 1957 and outlined the numerous difficulties which the first

Senegalese party claiming affiliation with Marxism-Leninism encountered. Diop

spoke at length about the tumultuous history of the PAI, its dissolution on

2 August 1960, following the postelection events in Saint-Louis, and the

many splits that led to the creation of the LD and the PIT, without forgetting

the legalization in 1976. After reviewing the various strategic and tactical

mistakes attributable to the PAI, its secretary general said that despite these

debacles, the party can show a positive balance sheet because "in 30 years of

struggle and sacrifices of all kinds, we have met the difficult wager of having

maintained the party come what may. We have established Marxism, not only

in Senegal, but in many countries of Black Africa."

84
30 Years of Struggle

Turning to national questions, the secretary general of the PAI drew a very

gloomy picture of the economic situation in Senegal, placing major blame on

the New Agricultural Policy, which it categorically condemned. The same

condemnation was made of the New Industrial Policy. According to Diopt, "not

only is industry marking time, but we have seen a steady drop in the production

index since 1979." For Diop, the New Industrial Policy is nothing more than

a "return, if not to the slave economy, then at least to uncontrolled capitalism, to the great detriment of national industry." The International Monetary

Fund's actions were also condemned by Diop, who said that "the IMF was conceived as a regulator of Western financial capitalism and a powerful arm to re

rescue the dollar in the past and now the major currencies of the 'Western

basket'."

Turning to the national political situation, the leader of the PAI said that

"the competitive proliferation of different parties and associations, which

all claim to pursue 'patriotic' goals, only strengthens the thick veil of

confusion that reigns everywhere." After noting the organizational changes

that will come in the PAI, Diop turned to the tactic of unity preached by his

party, one articulated around the unity of Marxists and the union of patriots,

which must come about along with "continued development of the PAI."

Concluding his report, the secretary general of the PAI said that "for 30 years,

the PAI, the first to hoist the flag of independence and socialism, has tackled

this double task. Despite the trials, it progresses further every day. There

can be no doubt that it will achieve its goal: Momsarew, Boksarew, Defarsarew.

Following the session, congressional delegates turned to committee work. The

program this morning schedules a general assembly and elections at the different levels. In the afternoon, the closing of the congress will be followed by

a press conference.

It should be noted that in his address to the PAI congress, President Mamadou

Dia, emphasized in his very lengthy address the overriding duty of unity of

the opposition. This unity should be as broad as possible, he stressed.

As proof of the desire of the parties included to move resolutely toward unity,

the Suxxali Rewmi Front will be dissolved to make room for a broader rally

made up of a maximum of opposition parties, trade unions and individuals won

over to change, Dia concluded.

Opposition Strives for Unity

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 5 Feb 87 p 13

[Text] Mom sa rew, bok sa rew, defar sa rew; The tryptic refers to the African Independence Party (PAI), the oldest Senegalese opposition party, which has

just held its Fourth Regular Congress on 1-2 February 1987. "In 30 years of

struggle in the service of the people" (most of that time underground),

Majhmout Diop's group has experienced changing fortunes.

85
Nevertheless, despite its small following, the PAI remains an omnipresent actor

on the Senegalese political scene. Within this opposition, some of whose

parties are the fruit of internal splits (the PIT and the LD) and the source of

most of the leaders of the latter, the PAI must now find satisfaction in the

wind of unity currently blowing. That unity came up again during the congress,

with Diop condemning "the competitive proliferation of different parties,

which only strengthens the reigning confusion." Even more significant is the

dissolution of the Suxxali Rew Mi Front, grouping certain opposition parties,

announced at the congress.

This statement by Mamadou Dia, leader of the MDP, on behalf of the Suxxali

Rew Mi, is significant of the. process of change going on within the opposition.

There is a move toward a "vast opposition front" and all eyes are on the other

framework of coordination, the ADS, and the question of merger is in the air.

And yet, if, in keeping with the PAI formula, "the unity of Marxists" seems

to derive therefrom, the same is not true of "the union of patriots" with

ideologically different sensitivities. However, one essential fact does emerge

on which everyone seems to agree: "fighting the common enemy," meaning the

party in power.

In that sense, the congresses succeed one another within the opposition (with

the exception of Serigne Diop's PDS), each adding its stone to the edifice.

It remains to be seen whether that unity will lead to participation in the

1988 elections, which participation has previously been subject to conditions

of democratic guarantees. This position will certain be. taken by the PAI.

even if to date it has participated in the elections of 1978 and 1984 confirming the democratic, opening.

11,464

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86
SENEGAL

CONFLICTING REPORTS ON CASAMANCE SEPARATISTS

Dakar LE DEVOIR in French 4 Feb 87 p 4

[Article by Baye Mousse: "For a Political Solution"]

[Text] As the year came to an end, coinciding with the first "separatist"

demonstration of the Democratic Movement of the forces of Casamance, tension

rose in the southern region of the country, where it was even reported that

two rebel camps had been broken up.

The truth is completely different, made up of the blunders of the security

forces, and the high number of challenges must be attributed to it.

The fact is that no rebel camps were seized. There were merely outbreaks of

agitation that materialized in meetings held in Kagnabon, Thiobon and ThionckEssyl, at the prompting of so-called "separatist" elements.

In Casamance circles close to the Socialist Party, the political scope of such

meetings was minimized: "It was individuals of no importance who got people

together on the basis of the lie that independence has been won, that Abdou

Diouf came to agreement with Robert Sagna on this point and that there was

scarcely need to pay taxes or to vote in the coming elections because from

now on, there will be another Casamance Republic."

Good News

Thus following a tradition in the villages of Casamance of levying dues in

order to receive delegations from the recognized political parties of the

country, they also drew up a list of those who paid money, naturally presenting the "separatist" movement as just another party.

The sum of 100 francs is the amount of dues paid by villagers. For those

wishing to join the Movement, 200 francs must be paid. To those who go even

further and give 500 francs, promises are made of the post of their choice in

the future Casamance Republic, based on the most capricious wishes.

Meetings were therefore held without major problems in Kagnobon, then Thiobon,

before moving on to Thionck-Essyl, a town of over 8,000 souls. Following

prayers in the mosque, the old Lamine Diedhiou announced a meeting on 22 October during which the participants would hear "good news."

87
But elements favoring the Socialist Party, or at least national unity, headed

by the president of the rural community and the village chief, opposed the

meeting after informing the prefect. The meeting would nevertheless be held

in an outlying district called Bougatir.

Army Chief Warrant Officer Abdou Badji asked for the assignment to attend because, a native of the village, he could probe the intentions of the participants. He would be seriously annoyed but his relatives opposed his deathly

wager. It was he who would identify 15 of the participants who were arrested.

In order to prevent a possible bloodbath in Thionck-Essyl, former canton

chief Abdou Diatta argued against the sending of two Gendarmerie troops in

civilian dress to the meeting.

Following this meeting in Thionck-Essyl, the progress of the "separatist"

meetings stopped short. Casamance political leaders began a tour of the

villages where the rebellion had taken hold and spoke the language of

deterrence to the villagers: "Just as much as you cling to the boundaries

of your fields and rice paddies, the Senegalese Government clings to its

borders and security." The language is all the more credible because the

Army had already begun to move its tanks and troops.

Torture

In the meantime, Khalifa Medhiou, organizer of the next meeting in Elinkine,

would be arrested and unfortunately tortured to death. Nor would this be the

only blunder.

Here is the threshold of the inadmissible: A democratic and civilized state

can plan repression better. The blunders increased in number. The dues

lists that were scarcely or not binding at all served as a basis for making

arrests, with the natural homonymy between individuals of the same village

and the same tribe complicating the situation: If Abdoulaye Diedhiou is to

be made to admit he is a rebel, which of the Abdoulaye Diedhious must be

beaten up until he does?

And is beating necessary at all, at this point where the action of the rebels

is no longer violent or armed, but simply propaganda? It is propaganda that

Casamance officials say they can cut off: "The people of Casamance are frustrated, but a solution can be found within the framework of the Senegalese

nation, as certain elements of discussion are already in our memorandum"

(submitted to the chief of state).

In Casamance circles, the only underground, the Kaguith, on the border with

Guinea-Bissau, must be reduced to its simplest expression: "There, rebels

live a life of poverty and are captured whenever they leave."

In other words, a political solution is within reach and must be before the

political leaders of the movement, such as Father Diamacoun Senghor come out

of prison after serving their sentences with the halo of inflexible martyr.

11,464

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88
SENEGAL

BRIEFS

AFIGNAN DAM COMPLETION—Flooding of the Afignan Dam (Department of Bignona),

work on which began in November 1984, commenced on Tuesday at precisely

1030 hours. The gathering at the impressive site included Chinese engineers,

Senegalese workers and a crowd of distinguished guests, including the governor

of Ziguinchor, the chief of staff of the minister of water resources and the

director of agricultural water development and infrastructures. Flooding of

the diversionary channel, coming on the heels of completion of 80 percent of

construction work, marks the first technical reception of the dam, whose schedule of completion set for December 1987 might be met, according to the project co-director, Cheikh Ndiaye. Work yet to be completed includes the transversal dam, deepening of the channel and strengthening of the dike. The dam,

which required financing of some 7.8 billion francs, is being built jointly

by the People's Republic of China and Senegal. In addition to the 2-km-long

channel, it includes a passage for small craft, a transversal dam and dike.

The project will make it possible to halt salt penetration and store some

23 million cubic meters of runoff a year. Some 11,500 hectares of land, including 5,600 hectares of mangroves, will thus be protected. [Text] [Dakar

LE SOLEIL in French 1 Feb 87 p 9] 11,464

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89
SIERRA LEONE

MOMOH ON IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE, PETROLEUM DELIVERY

Freetown DAILY MAIL in English 18 Mar 87 p 1

[Excerpt] tt*Me&M(wA&ieti*n*tknnt*y<fth(&y1bttnbe said

fa Pfcadembu at the weekend that he was optimistic that die

entreat economic difficultymay soon come to an end

The firstshipmentofoilnufera new arrangement between

Government and a reputable organisation is expected this

week, hetold acrowded Kaüahnn APC Convention.

Another ship load of oil,

he said, is due intwo weeks

time*

The Head of State took

the opportunity to warn that

as Sierra Leone Produce

Marketing Board, SLPMB,

btimonlylegally constituted

authority to purchase and

export coffee and cocoa and

any person or organisation

{contravening laid down 1 rules is committing a very

serious offence and will face

tiie full penalty of the law.

He stressed that the vital

importance of such commodities to the nation's economy noting thatt'-e two commodifies were among the

principal foreign exchange

earners for Sierra Leone.

Coffee and cocoa being

among the mainstay cf the

country's economy, Government as said would not allow anyone to,infringe laid

down policies 'with impunity to the detriment ofthe nation.

Ths Head ofState told the

mammoth gathering thai.

i Government appreciated the

tmianingful contribution

.from Kaiiahun district to

the nation's development

; and in the shortest possible

itims the administration

would effect dsvelopment

programme in the area par1 ocularly in the road network

attar.

He said one of his ardent

desires was the success of

the green revolution programme and for farmers to

be among the wealthiest

people in the country.

In his move to upgrade

health services in the count'

ry. President Momoh handed over on behalfofthe Government drugs, rnattreSses

foams aneVbeds estimated at

more than Le242,000 to the

Kaiiahun Government hospital. "

/12828

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90
SIERRA LEONE

MINES MINISTER, EXPORTERS MEET: INDUSTRY LIMITATIONS

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 11 Mar 87 pp 1, 8

[Text]

Licenced exporters of diamond

and gold have held

a series of meetings with Mines

Minister Birch Conteh and Finance

Minister Shekr. Kanu

to discuss the

controversial issue

surrounding the

limiting of the

number of gold

and diamond exporters to five.

Ab a final meeting held last week,

the minister of

Finance, the minister of Mines and

exporters agreed

that all those licenced exporters

who had re-newed

their licences

would be allowed

to export gold

and diamond.

But it was emphasised, a strict

adherence to "performance criteria"

should be ensured

by the licenced

exporters. Any

exporter who declares less than

200,000 dollars in

foreign exchange

earnings in one

year, would have

his licence withdrawn.

It was also

agreed that the

amount of export

in dollars on the j

C.Pi2 form must !

be deposited at

a local bank before the minerals

leave the country.

The exporters

complain that the

y/o taxation on the

total value of

diamonds and gold

exported was too

hefty and that this

would put them at a

severe disadvantage

over other dealers

who do not only

export without licences, but do

not even declare

their foreign exchange earnings.

The y/o taxation

has now been knocked off.

Although the

total number of licences issued out

are seventeen but

only nine holders

of such licences

export regularly

and declare their

proceeds»

A large group

of exporters are

in actual fact

smugglers who buy

no export licences

from Government.

A large number of

foreign dealers,

especially Marakas

and Guineans take

diamonds out of

the country without going through

the laid down procedure. These

are the same people who bring in

dollars into the

' country and operate

outside the banking system to accelerate the parallel

! market.

91
/12828

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One point that

ban re mil tod into

a deadlock i :;, the

argument put acronn

bv ( bo export,err.

that: at the uncont

rolled rate of

floatation of "be

Leone, any attempt

by them t:o narrende -

forex earni nj-n at

anv week's rate

would .lead th^ra into operating; at a

Ion:; an the fo-thcoM'i.rif weeks exchange rate would

have {V.mo up»

The government ha?

still not sur^ested

an alternative.

92
SIERRA LEONE

DIAMOND SALE PROJECTIONS REMAIN GLOOMY

Freetown WE YONE in English 14 Mar 87 p 1

[Text] Diamond sales by tender through the tender system, conducted by the

National Diamond Mining Company through the Bank of Sierra Leone last

Wednesday, showed a slight improvement as compared with last December.

But an executive member of the NDMC expressed disappointment over the outcome

of the sales.

A spokesman of the company explained that it had been hoped that the sales

would result in appreciable foreign exchange returns which could have gone

a long way towards providing much-needed spare parts for the company's ageing

machines at the Yengema plant.

Another sale is being arranged for mid-April to see whether there will be

improvement in the situation.

When sales jumped up to Le2.64 million in October last year, there were

signs of growing confidence in the diamond industry.

And when in December last year 7,225 carats of diamonds yielded 1,146,730

US dollars, the reason, given was operational problems at Yengema.

The Managing Director of the National Diamond Mining Company, Mr Abu a Koroma,

told "We Yone" that the. company was faced with problems at it's ageing

plants--Nos. 10 and ll--and at the separator house, couple with old bulldozer

draglines and very old dumpers, which have affected output.

/12828

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93
SIERRA LEONE

PRODUCE MARKETING BOARD PURCHASES SLOW, SMUGGLING SUSPECTED

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 87 pp 1, 3

[Text]

The Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board may run

into serious financial problems, and

may be unable to

meet its coffee

quota commitments,

if the snail pace

manner in which

coffee trickles to

the company's buying centres continues.

Our Eastern province correspondent

reports that the

poor purchases made

by SLPMB agents may

not be unconnected

with the very organised buying of

Sierra Leone's produce by buyers who

have set-up shop

just outside the

Sierra Leone bord61*

An SLPMB official recently stated

that up to the

S.L.P.M.B. Boss

Y.T. Sesay.

middle of February,

purchases were only

one-third of the

purchases made by

the company over

the same period

last year.

A drop in the

purchase of produce can spell disaster in a country

in which SLPMB is

looked up to for

foreign exchange,

especially in case

of emergencies.

Although the

SLPMB pays as much

as Le24 per pound

for coffee, some

farmers are attracted to the better prices paid by

Guinean and Liberian buyers, who

sometimes even

pay in convertible

currency, such as

the dollar or

sterling.

The SLPMB has

the sole monopoly

to buy and export

94
produce, "but last

year, on a purelyexperimental basis

the company Messrs

James International purchased more

produce than the

SLPMB.

This sparked off

a controversary,

raising the question whether it

was not now about

time to allow other

organised companies to purchase

produce as this

would help buy

more of the produce

which would otherwise escape SLPMB

agents and -at the

same time beef up

the competence of

the SLPMB by allowing the company

to operate in a

more competitive

atmosphere.

Government's

verdict was that

to allow private

individuals to

purchase and export produce, would undermine the

SLPMB and make it

difficult to control the foreign

exchange that

would accrue from

the export of the

produce.

The point was

however, proven by

James International

that this country

can actually buy

more produce than

what the SLPMB is

buying at the moment.

Although during

his speech at the

Kailahun convention the President

stated that the

SLPMB has the sole

monopoly to purchase and export

produce and it

would amount to

a crime if private individuals

undertook the purchase and export

of produce the final resolutions

adopted clearly

indicated that

Eastern province

public opinion is

clearly anti-SLPMB

as the sole agent.

In paragraph

eight of the resolutions, the dele- .

gates stated:

"that government

reviews the SLPMB

Act with a view

to either breaking the export

monopoly with respect to produce

or restructuring

the functions and

mode of operations

of the SLPMB especially vis-a-vis

the development

needs and the socio-economic wellbeing of the people in the produce

plantation areas." \

- The MP for Kailahun Central. J.J. v

Ngobeh recently ,,.v

95
told, the New. Citii^

zen that the

SLPMB's aloofness;^

in its relation-^ ;-v

ship with the

farmers of Kaila—

hun district has

alienated the ordinary farmer from

the corporation.

He complained

that some farmers

were arrested "by

military personnel

and forced to sell

their produce to

SLPMB agents.

Said Mr. Ngobeh: "Harassment

of farmers will

not solve the problem. The SLPMB

should improve or;

its method of

communication and

should desist from

the notion that

they can sit in

Freetown and tell

farmers where to

sell their produce , without the

SLPMB attempting

to improve conditions under which

farmers operate."

The managing

director of the

SLPMB Mr Yayäh T.

Sesay insists that

demonopolising

purchase and export of produce

was a purely gov~y«

ernment business*-

L»«*,fr

/12828

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96
SIERRA LEONE

NEW INTERNAL AIR FLIGHT COMPANY LAUNCHING

Freetown WE YONE in English 14 Mar 87 p 8

[Text] Plans have been completed for the launching of a new service

commercial internal air service by helicopter, which is expected to take

place on Thursday, March 19.

The service will be run by a joint Sierre Leonean and British Company which

will be known as Provincial Air Services.

The company will run a shuttle service between Lungi International Airport

and Government Wharf, and shortly after Thursday's opening, expects to start

its provincial flights on commercial and charter basis to principal provincial towns including Bo, Kenema, Kono and Bonthe.

This is the area previously covered by the old Sierra Leone Airways, when

it operated an internal air service.

According to one of the directors of the company, Mr. Nigel Rapp, a new

terminal is to be built at Lumley Beach, next to Mammy Yoko Hotel, to

accomodate flights from Lungi. .'...'

Already, one of the two helicopters which is of Polish Kitty-Hawk make,

operated by twin Allison American engine, has arrived and the second one

is expected shortly.

The helicopters are capable of carrying nine passengers and can also be used

as an ambulance carrying two stretchers each, plus medical attendant.

Provincial Air Services whose local director is Mrs Salwa Dworzak, have an

electric can for conveying luggages at the airport and also a 15-seater

bus to transport passengers to various hotels in town.

/12828

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97
SIERRA LEONE

GOVERNMENT COMPROMISES WITH STUDENTS: COLLEGES REOPEN

Freetown WE YONE in English 14 Mar 87 pp 1, 8

[Text] Students of three colleges which were ordered to be closed at the

end of January, following a confrontation between students and government

over feeding arrangements, return to campus today, following the lifting

of the temporary ban by the government.

They are the two constituent colleges of the University of Sierra Leone--Fourah

Bay College and Njala University College—and the Milton Margai Teachers

College at Goderich.

The students themselves--many of whom had expressed regret for the violence

that followed—had been growing tired of staying at home and their future

hanging in the balance.

This week's announcement of the re-opening of the colleges therefore came

as a welcome relief.

In reaching the decision to re-open the colleges, government again reiterated

its recognition of the escalation in the cost of living, but has not yielded

on students demand for increases in boarding allowances, bearing in mind the

fact that its decision will affect not only the three colleges which were

not involved in the agitation over food.

To ensure that students get two square meals a day, as had been conceded during

the earlier negotiations, government has decided that caterers at all

colleges will be supplied rice at a subsidized rate of Le 170 per bag.

Government will also ensure that palmoil is supplied to the colleges at

50 percent of the market price.

Fish will also be subsidized at a rate close to 50 percent.

In addition, the caterers will use college facilities and will not pay for

electricity, rent and other charges.

According to well-informed sources within the Ministry of Education, a

committee set up after the recent crisis has recommended the scrapping of the

full scholarship award scheme in favour of grants in-aid.

All students on government scholarship have been re-applying for such awards

following a broadcast announcement from the Ministry.

/12828

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SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

LEBANESE CULTURAL UNION ELECTIONS--Popular businessman Mr Adel Mullah has been

reelected President of the Freetown Chapter of the World Lebanese Cultural

Union. The election which was held in Freetown at the weekend elected a

new 15-man Executive to run the affairs of the Union for the next two years.

Other members of the new Executive are:--Mr. Adel Mullah--President, Mr.

Adib Youayek--Vice President, Mr. Farid Hassanyeh—Vice President, Mr. Ali

Basma—Secretary, Mr Mohammed Khalil--Assistant Secretary, Mr. Khalil FakhouryPublicity Secretary, Mr. Radwan Aka--Treasurer, Mr. Anwar Toufie--Assistant

Treasurer. Other members are Mr. Youssef Bahsoon Mr Adel El-Alis Mr. Nameh

Mackie, Mr. Faisal Basma; Mr. Ghassan Wansa, Mr. Ahmad Abdallah and Mr.

Maroun Bustam--Member. [Text][Freetown DAILY MAIL in English 19 Mar 87 pp

1, 8]/12828

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99
UGANDA

BRIEFS

KAMPALA PLO OFFICE REOPENED—-Kampala, 22 Mar (UNA/PANA)—PLO has reopened

its office in Kampala, and its acting representative, Mr Zaydi Khadar [name

as received], on Friday presented his letters of credentials to Uganda foreign

minister, Mr Ibrahim Mukiibi. Mr Ibrahim advised the PLO to consolidate the

unity of the Palestinian people and to concentrate their activities on occupied

territories. He noted that freedom is indivisible and stressed that as the

NRM [National Resistance Movement] fought for justice in Uganda, it is dutybound to support the struggle of the people of Palestine. The acting PLO

representative briefed the minister on the situation in Palestinian refugee

camps in Lebanon as well as in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. [Text]

[Dakar PANA in English 1220 GMT 22 Mar 87 EA] /9738

CSO: 3400/355

100
ZIMBABWE

LABOR MINISTER PREDICTS INCREASE IN RSA REFUGEES

MB231228 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 23 Mar 87

[Text] The Minister of Labor, Manpower Planning, and Social Welfare, Comrade

Frederick Shava, says Zimbabwe sees South Africa as a refugee-producing

government and is preparing itself to help any persons fleeing the apartheid

system. He told delegates to a week-long conference of the All-Africa

Conference Churches that the Pretoria regime had become ruthless and Zimbabwe

was expecting more people to cross into the country. Comrade Shava called for

concerted efforts by the government, churches, and other nongovernmental

organizations in educating the public about the plight of refugees in the

country. He said that there were many South Africans who were living in

various countries in the world and every SADCC country has either South

African or Namibian refugees.

/9738

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101
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NEW REFUGEE CAMP FOR MOZAMBICANS—Harare—Another camp is to be opened

for Mozambican refugees in the Chiredzi area in south-eastern Zimbabwe.

There are more than 60 000 refugees from Mozambique in the country and

more are arriving every day. The United Nations High Commission for

Refugees reports that recent arrivals are accommodated in tents by the

Zimbabwe Red Cross and other private agencies before being moved to more

developed camps. The Social Welfare Minister, Mr Frederick Shava, said

recently the refugees were being taught skills such as carpentry and

welding, to help them to be productive when they eventually returned to

their homes. Many have fled from the war in Mozambique. Zimbabweans

have been urged to contribute to the Mozambique Friendship Association

solidarity fund which is assisting the refugees.—The Star's Africa News

Service. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Mar 87 p 13] /9317

IMPORT AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN—Zimbabwe and Japan today signed an agreement of

2.83 million dollars for the importation of corrugated metal pipes to be used

in the construction and rehabilitation of small bridges in the communal areas,

[Excerpt] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 25 Mar 87 MB] /9738

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102
SOUTH AFRICA

SHARP INCREASE REPORTED IN DEFENSE SPENDING

MB231515 Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Mar 87 p 5

[Article by Thelma Tuch]

[Text] South Africa's annual defense budget increased sharply from R44m in

1960 to R5.23bn in 1986, the End Conscription Campaign (ECC) said in a

report released last week.

Official figures show this escalation in defense spending: government spent

R210m in 1972; R1.3bn in 1976; R3.75bn in 1984 and R4.27bn in 1985.

Last year's official defense budget of R5.23bn represented only an estimate

of defense expenditure, was supplemented by the "mini budget" later in the

financial year, the EEC said.

The ECC added this figure did not include several "hidden" items of defense

spending. For example, last year R323m from the budget surplus was placed in

the special defense account, the size of which was not disclosed. In 1985,

R5757m was spent on the defense budgets of the "independent" homelands.

And, according to Reg Green of the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex

University, South Africa spends about R1.2bn on the war in Namibia.

Money budgeted for the SWA Territorial Force fell under the finance vote,

while the amount spent on defense housing and buildings fell under the

Department of Public Works vote. Taking this into consideration, it was

estimated 1986 real defense expenditure was more than R7.5bn.

According to the 1986 reports of the International Institute for Strategic

Studies, South Africa had a total of 423,000 people in its armed reserves—

106,400 people in its Armed Forces, including 64,000 national servicemen.

The country had a further 167,000 active reserves and 150,000 people in its

national reserve.

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SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT BALANCES SECURITY ACTION WITH REFORM

MB250545 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 25 Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] It has been said that in successfully countering a revolution,

security action can contribute only 20 percent of the solution. The remainder

consists of appropriate political action. Since it is generally recognized

that revolutionary forces are at work in South Africa, a state of

emergency is in force for that reason. It is important to know to what

extent the tough security measures are being coordinated with political

initiatives.

In fact, according to the deputy minister of law and order, Mr Roelf Meyer,

the two aspects are inextricably linked in the planning and implementation

of the state's response to organized radical violence in South Africa.

Listing the three stages of that response in a newspaper interview, he

said: The state of emergency is a method and not a goal, and never can

be.

The first of the three stages was the restoration of stability in the black

areas. Much of this had now been done, Mr Meyer said, although intensive

revolutionary propaganda was still being conducted. The second objective

would be to restore normality in matters such as local government, education

and transport and other services. The third would involve the actual lifting

of the emergency in a climate in which normal negotiations on evolutionary

reform could take place.

Until nearly a year ago revolutionary groups inside and outside South Africa

were making secret of their immediate goal: to make the black areas of

the country ungovernable. They followed a two-pronged strategy. The first

was that of mass intimidation and terrorism of their own people. Hundreds

were murdered, many of them by the gruesome technique of necklacing, and

many more suffered the destruction of their houses and other possessions.

The only adequate response to that offensive was tough security action, and

this was imposed when the state of emergency was declared 9 months ago.

104
The second part of the campaign was the propaganda offensive—highlighting

grievances, denigrating reforms and rejecting negotiation as an approach to

resolving problems. The response to that apart from a counteracting

information effort, had to be essentially political. As far as possible in

the face of radical attempts at sabotage, the reform program to recitfy real

economic, social and political grievances had to be maintained. That this

was done in spite of the radicals' destructive campaign to undermine it is

shown by the fact that last year South Africa experienced the most fundamental

reforms in its history as an independent state.

But in this matter also the political and security aspects had to be dealt

with in a unified framework. The most straightforward socioeconomic initiatives required an environment of stability—the first stage of the program

in the state of emergency—if they were to progress satisfactorily to the

benefit of the people. More than that, political reform through negotiation

could hardly be expected to get underway while moderate black leaders were

afraid to state their views openly, not only the leaders who favored peaceful

rather than violent settlement of conflicts but the community at large would

remain silent as long as those committed to violence continued to threaten

lives and to demonstrate their strength by disrupting education and

municipal services.

Hence the need to go beyond security action in the state of emergency, into

the politically orientated stage of normalizing civic affairs in a peaceful

climate.

It is a misconception that stability in South Africa at this time can be

achieved solely through either security measures or political change. The

two have to go together, the one underpinning the other.

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SOUTH AFRICA

HNP OFFERS TO SIGN PACT IF CP ACCEPTS CHANGES

MB241430 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1424 GMT 24 Mar 87

[Text] Pretoria, 24 Mar (SAPA)—In yet another llth-hour attempt to rescue

the rightwing election pact, which failed again last night, the Herstigte

Nasionale Party has offered to sign the agreement negotiated with the

Conservative Party through mediators—provided the CP agrees to changes in

its list of 17 unopposed constituencies.

At a press conference in Pretoria, the HNP's leader, Mr Jaap Marais, said

he was prepared to sign the agreement and reconsider his own candidacy for

the Hercules constituency, provided the CP agreed to nominate its exclusive

candidates only in the parliamentary seats it already held.

The agreement which was to have been signed yesterday after go-between

negotiations by the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging and rightwing businessmen,

stipulated the CP could nominate candidates in Hercules, Overvaal, Randfontein

and Fauresmith.

Mr Marais said these seats were not held by the CP and had never been part of

the agreement in principle by the two parties following AWB intervention in

the dispute.

Although Mr Marais said he had a number of options to consider regarding his

own candidacy in Hercules—including not standing at all in the elections—

CP acceptance of his offer could open the way for his exclusive rightwing

representation in the constituency, where a senior CP MP, Mr Salmon Barnard,

has already been nominated.

Mr Marais said it had been decided today to bypass the mediation channel

of the AWB and rightwing businessmen, and make the HNP's offer directly to

the CP.

Responding to questions, he said the offer had not yet been made but that

the CP would be informed "within half-an-hour." No immediate comment was

available from the CP.

106
Mr Willie Marais, chairman of the HNP, said Mr Jaap Marais was making this

personal sacrifice in the interests of "a united Afrikanerdom to fight the

Botha Government effectively."

According to the AWB-negotiated agreement which "crashed" yesterday, the

HNP would nominate exclusive candidates in the constituencies of Rustenburg,

Sasolburg, Roodeplaat, Pretoria West, Stamderton, Wonderboom, Pretoria Central,

Vryheid, Virginia and Smithfield.

The AWB withdrew itself as a mediator last night after Mr Jaap Marais

allegedly refused to sign the agreement after undertaking verbally to do so.

Mr Marais had wanted to add an amendment that he could reconsider his

position in view of the fact there was no candidacy available for himself

in terms of the agreement.

Mr Marais said today his statement to negotiations that he was prepared to

sign the agreement even though there was no provision for his own candidacy

had not been acceptable and that they had asked him to "sleep on it."

"I think it is a bit of chicanery to say I undertook to sign and then refused

to." Mr Marais said there would be "great disappointment and frustration"

among rightwingers if no election pact was concluded.

The HNP had made concessions to the CP "time and again" including his

statement in January this year he was prepared to accept the parliamentary

leadership of the CP leader, Dr Andries Treurnicht, if he was elected. He

had also decided not to stand in the Waterberg constituency against Dr

Treurnicht.

Mr Marais said the agreement acceptable to the HNP made no provision for a

candidacy for himself and that he would be considering his options over the

next few days. These included not standing in the election on 6 May at all

or ousting one of the candidates already named by the HNP. He was,

however, opposed in principle to the latter course of action as all the

HNP candidates were "fine men."

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GROUP AREAS SAID 'NOT DISCRIMINATORY'—The Minister of Constitutional

Development and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, says people who are trying to

destroy the right of communities to have their own residential areas, schools,

and institutions are creating problems for South Africa. Addressing a public

meeting in East London, Mr Heunis said the principles of the Group Areas Act

were not discriminatory but could be utilized as a positive measure by all

communities. He said the act was keeping pace with the realities of South

Africa and made provision for groups to live as communities. It also gave

individuals and communities the right to possess property. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 24 Mar 87 MB] /9738

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SOUTH AFRICA

ANC REPORTEDLY OPPOSES SCHOOL BOYCOTTS

MB271605 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1604 GMT 27 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, March 27, SAPA—An African National Congress delegation

urged the Cape Teachers Professional Association [CTPA] at the recent meeting

in New York to get pupils back in the classrooms.

The rector of the Peninsula Technikon and CTPA president, Mr Franklin Sonn,

told delegates at a representative council meeting in Bellville South today

that the ANC, contrary to some misconceptions, did not support school boycotts.

He said the ANC delegation asked him point-blank what the CTPA was doing to

break the class boycott.

"This dominated the discussions from tea until lunch, 1 am telling you

now that they asked us to get pupils back in their classes. This is the

message I received in New York," Mr Sonn.said.

He said in a subsequent interview that the talks had been held at his

request because he wanted to know the ANC's viewpoint on school boycotts.

Mr Sonn said the ANC delegation comprised Mr Johnny Makathini, head of

Umkhonto we Sizwe [Spear of the nation; ANC military wing] in London; Mr Ned

Mnumzan, the head of the ANC mission at the United Nations; a Professor

Mosando, a member of the ANC national education council and the organization's

shadow minister of manpower; Mr Tim Maseko, principal of the Solomon Mahlangu

Freedom College in Tanzania; Mr Don Nagany, a teacher at the college and

Mr Solly Simden, the ANC public relations officer at the United Nations.

He said members of the ANC delegation emphasized that education had to continue

and that the quality of education should be relevant to the situation in

South Africa.

"I assured them that we were already teaching education which was relevant

and that this was especially so in a subject like history. Here we try to

show pupils that they have their own heroes."

Contrary to the government's allegations, he found that the members of the

delegation were committed nationalists and not communists.

109
He referred to the many pupils who were in jail after having been convicted of

public violence.

"We can say today they are not our children, thank God for that. But what

about tomorrow?"

He said children were looking for answers about the future and teachers had

to help them.

Referring to the archbishop of Cape Town, the Most Rev Desmond Tutu, he

said he risked his life because he was trying to bring two warring groups

together.

Archbishop Tutu was criticized by members of the black community when he spoke

to the state president, P.W. Botha, last year. He was also criticized by

some sectors after having had talks with the ANC recently.

Archbishop Tutu and Dr Alan Boesak, president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churohes, had important roles to play and they had to be supported,

Mr Sonn said.

He said "the struggle" did not revolve around the removal of dlsciminatory

laws or around the Group Areas Act. It was a struggle to break down apartheid.

Talks about dismantling the Group Areas Act were just the subterfuge, Mr Sonn

said.

He said teachers had to question what they were doing.

"We cannot be accused in these times of helping to support the pillars of

apartheid," he said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI REJECTS TRANSKEI CHIEF'S CALL FOR CLOSER TIES

MB292025 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1956 GMT 29 Mar 87

[Text] East London March 29 SAPA—Ciskei has rejected a call by Transkei's

prime minister, Chief George Matanzima, for a new regional government for the

eastern Cape, calling Chief Matanzima's suggestions Insulting and insincere.

In a statement released yesterday, the Ciskei Government said Transkei

would first have to sign a peace treaty guaranteeing regional security.

The statement said Ciskei would reject any attempt by Transkei to amalgamate

with, or annex Ciskei, and said any plan for regional cooperation should not

interfere with sovereignty of states in the region.

Calling on Chief Matanzima to "reconcile the statement on the regional plan

with his refusal to sign a peace treaty involving Ciskei, Transkei and

South Africa", Ciskei said it strongly believed there could be no fruitful

regional cooperation without security.

"Chief Matanzima owes southern Africa an explanation for the aborted raid and

attempted murder of Ciskei's president," the Ciskei statement said.

On Friday, Chief Matanzima told over 20,000 people at a Tembu commemoration

service that his government was considering a new regional constitutional plan

for the area between the Umzimkhulu River and the Gamtoos River, including Port

Elizabeth.

He said his government advocated "dialogue between the leaders of the region

to negotiate a constitutional dispensation."

He appealed to the Ciskelans to perceive his governments aims objectively,

adding that if the people of the region wished it, Ciskei's president, Mr

Lennox Sehe, could head the new dispensation.

Reacting to the statement, Ciskei said that, a few weeks ago, when a new

regional plan was announced in East London, Chief Matanzima had admitted he

did not have details of the plan.

Ciskei said Chief Matanzima had shown he had no previous comprehensive plan

for his country's future participation in a broader southern Africa, while

Ciskei had a well-formulated plan which had been presented to the South

African Government in February 1980.

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SOUTH AFRICA

ZULU FACTION FIGHTING KILLS 19 IN NATAL

MB310713 London BBC World Service in English 1615 GMT 30 Mar 87

[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

rTextl South Africa's eastern province of Natal is, by all appearances, a

pretty violent place to live at the moment if you are black. There have been

repeated clashes between Chief Buthelezi's Inkatha Zulu movement and supporters

of the radical United Democratic Front. Now there has been a fresh outbreak

of mayhem involving Zulu against Zulu. From Durban, Subry Govender reports:

[Govender] At least another 19 people have been killed and several others

have been injured in a fresh outbreak of faction fighting between two tribes

in the Msinga area of the Natal Province of South Africa. According to the

South African police, the tribesmen were killed when fighting broke out between the (Ngcengeni) and Ngubo Zulu tribes in the Tugela Ferry area of the

Msinga district. It is understood the tribal warriors uses [word indistinct]

guns, sticks, knives, and spears to attack one another. At the end of the

battle, which raged for several hours, 15 members of the (Ngcengenx) faction

and 4 members of the Ngubo faction were killed. Several others were also

seriously injured. Trouble in the area has been simmering since 19 March,

when hundreds of Ngcengeni tribesmen confronted the police. Four of them wer

arrested after they exchanged gunfire with the police. The South African

police said they also averted a possible clash early this month when about

20 tribespeople were about to be involved in a battle. Twenty-seven [word

indistinct] firearms were confiscated by the police from the tribesmen._ The

Msinga district of Zululand is one of the most notorious areas for faction

('fighting) between different tribes of the Zulu nation.

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SOUTH AFRICA

1,000 BARAGWANATH HOSPITAL WORKERS STRIKE

MB271919 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 Mar 87 pp 1, 14

[Text] More than 1,000 auxiliary staff at Baragwanath Hospital yesterday

downed tools to demand, among other things, the reinstatement of two workers

and the lifting of another's suspension. /

Cleaners, porters, security guards, laundry workers, gardeners, messengers,

kitchen staff and ward attendants stopped work at 7 am.

The hospital's chief superintendent, Dr Chris van den Heever yesterday said

a number of security personnel had failed to report for duty yesterday.

He said they would investigate workers' demands. His statement gave no

indication how many non-classified workers were involved in the work stoppage.

The dispute follows the sacking and eviction from the hospital hostel of

two security guards, Mr Shadrack Mathebula and Mr Josiah Pitlo, on February 13,

this year.

Workers told THE SOWETAN that the two were fired after they had refused to be

transferred to another department. They said the two, like all other nonclassified workers, had unknowingly signed an agreement empowering the hospital

to transfer them to any department.

The workers claim two other workers in the maternity kitchen had also been

made to sign similar forms to make way for new applicants to occupy their

posts.

A worker, who asked not to be named had claimed that for a long time they

had been harrassed, victimised and dismissed unfairly by the hospital

authorities.

He said other workers such as clerks and assistant nurses supported the

strikers.

The auxiliary workers' demands include:

113
—The lifting of ambulance driver, Mr Johannes Komelane's suspension;

—A minimum wage of R450 a month;

—Recognition of their union, The General Allied Workers Union;

—The abolition of the agreement forms empowering the hospital to transfer and

dismiss workers at 24-hours' notice; and

—Terminating the services of a private security company.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK HOUSING SHORTAGE AT 'CRITICAL STAGE'

MB290846 Joahnnesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 29 Mar 87 p 2

[Article by David Jackson]

[Text] The black housing shortage has reached critical proportions and is

worsening—at a time when the glut in white housing is growing.

Shock new statistics by the National Building Research Institute of the CSIR

[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research] indicates that the backlog

could be as high as 832,000—300,000 more than forecast.

Experts believe the dramatic increase could be the result of the relaxation

of influx control.

The new figures are contained in an updated report by Dr Robie de Vos, chief

economist of the CSIR's National Building Research Institute.

They are based on the premise that a third of the estimated 1,780,000 people

living in non-family housing units require family housing for their relatives living outside the urban areas as a result of the influx Control Act—

now abolished.

The backlog figure of 538,000 units—on which state departments are believed

to base their projections—assumes that close to one in six of blacks living

in compounds and similar establishments, or as tenants in private homes,

requires a separate family home in the urban areas.

The report, "Housing Under Group Areas and Influx Control Legislation,"

contains other shocking facts.

—Discussing overcrowding in black townships, it says: "The fact that

5.9-million people presently live in only 466,000 relatively small housing

units—an average of nearly 13 people per dwelling—is indicative of the

seriousness of the situation."

—The mayor of Katlehong, near Germiston (population about 300,000) contends

there are between 16 and 24 people living in each dwelling, says the report.

115
—In Durban, one third of Indian households are considered to be overcrowded.

It is fairly common, says the report, to find six to eight people living in a

two-bed-roomed flat.

—In Port Elizabeth, up to 15 to 20 people have been found to be living in

three or four-roomed housing units.

—In Bloemfontein, there are many cases of between 14 and 17 people living

in two-roomed houses, the report says.

—In Kimberley, about 50 percent of the households are overcrowded and up to

30 people have been found to be living in a four-roomed house.

—In Uitenhage, overcrowding has reached "critical proportions". Up to

42 people have been found living in a two-bedroomed house and up to four

families in a one-bedrbomed house.

The report says that if "grey" areas are established, some whites will move

out.

Because of the increased demand for houses in these, areas, owners would probably

be able to get higher prices for their properties than would currently be the

case, it says. This would enable them to move into better accommodations.

"Such a step would greatly relieve the frustrations of affluent people who are.

unable to obtain reasonable housing in their own areas."

Mrs Helen Suzman, PFP chief spokesman on black issues, yesterday urged the

government to introduce a national strategy to deal with the housing crisis.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SCHOOLS 'DESERTED' FOLLOWING KILLINGS—Durban March 24 SAPA—Most senior

schools and some junior schools in Kwa Mashu, Durban, were deserted today

following the killing of seven pupils in the township last week. The headmasters of some of the schools said the situation had not been "normal" since

the killings. They said pupils reported at schools on Monday but there was

a dramatic drop on Tuesday and today some schools were deserted. A member of

the staff at Vuyisa Mtolo said three pupils from the school had been among

those killed, and pupils had said they would mourn the deaths by not coming

to school. At the Mzuvele high school the gate was locked and the school

empty, as was the Inhlakanipho high school in Section D of the township.

A member of staff at Inhlakanipho school said some pupils had arrived in the

morning but were sent home after it was discovered other schools were deserted. The Kwesethu secondary school was empty today but pupils had attended

Igugulabasha school in Ntuzuma. Residents said they expected pupils to return

to school after the funeral of the deceased. The deputy secretary for education in Kwazulu, Mr Ephraim Mveve, told THE MERCURY the schools had not

been closed. Pupils have gone to school in the morning but have returned

home after being intimidated, Mr Mveve said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 2201 GMT 25 Mar 87 MB] /6662

TRANSKEI FACTION FIGHTING STOPS—Umtata, March 27, SAPA—The faction fighting

in the Bizana district of the Transkei, which claimed seven lives, has stopped,

and police have been deployed in the area and are investigating. This was confirmed today by the deputy commissioner of police, General D.G. Nkalitshana,

who added that the death toll had not risen. The police could not confirm

that two injured had been taken to hospital, he said. The seven dead, who

were reportedly hacked to death, were from the Sizindeli locality, Gen

Nkalitshana said. He said apparently about three months ago, three men from

Mjobe were killed and the recent faction fight had been organised as revenge

by people from Mjobe. He said nine people had been arrested, and police

were continuing investigations. Mobile police units from Moutn Ayliff had

been deployed to investigate the rouble. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 1947 GMT 27 Mar 87 MB] /6662

3.6 MILLION APPLY FOR ID CARDS—The director of the Population Register in

the Department of Home Affairs, Mr Nico Visser, says more than 3.6 million

applications for the new uniform ID's have been received during the past 10

months. An increase in demand for applications was recorded over the past

117
5 months. Mr Visser pointed out that the new ID's for blacks are exactly

the same as the one issued to other population groups. With respect to

Bophuthatswana citizens who are applying for the. ID's, Mr Visser said Negotiations in this regard are still under way with the state's government. Tswanas

who are citizens of South Africa may go ahead with the submission of their

applications for their new ID's. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 26 Mar 87 MB] /6662

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SOUTH AFRICA

WITS ENGINEERS INVENT RURAL WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 13-19 Mar 87 p 9

[Article by Megan Jones]

[Text] Contaminated water

simple proposal by a group

the problem.

EIGHT kilometres into Bophuthatsvvana, the tar road expires as if

running out of breath. Few miss it; the f

only cars here lie on their backs by the

side of the road, like dead insects.

Dust is everywhere. It coats the mud

houses, the animals, the people's skins.

Temperatures in the high thirties have

driven the water into hiding.

Driving into Makanyaneng, an area

between the towns of Klipgat and

Medidi, the road passes over two dry

river beds. Dirty foaming brown

water masquerades as a third, looking

as if someone upstream has pulled the

plug on a dirty man's bubble bath.

This is Winterveld, home to about half

a million people.

No-one here knows we are over

halfway through the United Nations

decade for international drinking

water supply and sanitation. Even if

they did, they would be right in

thinking it will not improve their lot.

But "appropriate technology" is

about to, reaching the parts other,

more grandiose plans cannot.

The people of Makanyaneng have a

severe water problem: they don't have

much when the rivers run dry, and the

little they have is contaminated.

There are two open wells in the area

which have become infected with

seepage from nearby latrine pits.

The only other place to find water is

below the dry river beds; dig deep

enough and water from the shallow

water table will fill the hole. This

water is even more of a health hazard.

is the biggest killer in rural areas. A remarkably

of engineers could go a long way to eradicating

A third option — to buy water from

someone with access to borehole

water, at lc per litre — is too

expensive for nearly everyone.

The World Health Organisation

(WHO) estimates that 80 percent of

the world's illness and disease comes

from contaminated water supplies.

Children arc the first victims, dying

not from typhoid and cholera

outbreaks, but from diarrhoea and

dyscntry. The number of children

who die each year from such diseases

in Winterveld is hard to tell because

parents tend not to register them until

they have survived the first year.

There is fresh water lying beneath

the people's feet, but tapping it costs

money.

On the last Wednesday in February,

more than 200 of the area's plot

owners, sub-tenants and community

worker gathered in a schoolroom to

discuss a solution to their water

problems. Three engineers on a 15-

monlh-old "alternative technology"

project set up by the University of the

Witwatersrand were on hand to lend

advice.

Three options were proposed. The

first was to dig more wells. The

second, to sink a borehole. The third

is to introduce a home-made water

filter made from a 1180 litre drum,

sand and gravel from the dry river

beds, and dirty water. It would

provide enough clean water for a

family to drink and cook with daily, at

a total cost of R35.

The plant, invented by Len Abrams

as part of an MSc project at Wits, is an

adaptation of slow sand filtration,

known to water engineers

everywhere. His is made from a

second-hand drum, the top 1/3 of

which has been sliced off, inverted

and balanced on top of the main drum

on wooden supports.

The main bulk of the drum is filled

with a layer of gravel and sand

through which the water is filtered.

The user pours two buckets of dirty

water into the reservoir each day, and

in four hours collects the same amount

of pure water, which falls within the

WHO's guidelines for drinking water

quality.

An experimental filter, monitored

for five months, has been found to

reduce bacteria by up to 99,9 percent.

Its success is held in a thin slimy layer

of algae and biological predators of

'• bacteria which forms on top of the

sand. This "schmutzdecke", äs it is

known, actively entraps, digests and

breaks down organic matter in the

water. If disturbed, the layer naturally

reasserts itself in eight days.

Any aerobic (oxygen-consuming)

bacteria escaping through this biolayer are eliminated by the lack of

oxygen in the body of the filter. No

chemicals are needed.

The water plant embraces all the

ideals of appropriate technology. EF

Schumacher, the Dutch economist

who first coined the term

119
"intermediate technology" in his book

Small is Beautiful: A study of

economics as if people mattered,

would probably have given it his seal

of approval.

The guru of appropriate technologists everywhere (and there are an

estimated 1 000 groups worldwide,

with one set up every week, according

to an OECD survey), Schumacher said

technology should be cheap, made

from local materials, chosen and

controlled by the people who need it

and, importantly, simple enough to

maintain using locally available skills.

The design is often improved upon

by the people who live with the

product; and sometimes what a

supplier thinks a flaw the consumer

considers an advantage. Abrams

suggested to the Makanyaneng family

which has been using the district's

only plant for the last three months

that the rate at which clean water came

out of the drum was too slow to be

useful."I suggested that the holes be

made bigger to let the water from the

reservoir trickle through faster, but

was told no, because the children

would play with the tap and flood the

kitchen."

A three-man department has been

set up within the CSIR to tackle the

problem of water contamination in

rural areas. Before the schoolhouse rendezvous,

Abrams visited the centre to swop data

with one member of the government

team, who appreciated the logic of a

cleaning machine, but preferred the

idea of not letting the water get

contaminated in the first place.

His solution, engineers might agree,

is the more efficient of the two. But,

argues Abrams, "it is a technology

first solution. To protect a well, it

would need to be enclosed. No latrine

pits could be sited anywhere near the

well, and no animals allowed to graze

nearby. People couldn't live near it

and would probably have to be moved

further away if the well being

protected was in the middle of an

informal community.

"That's not engineering, that's social

engineering."

The government has come up with a

similar filter design, he said, and

seems keen to patent it. Abrams is

reluctant to follow suit: "The cost of

royalties on a patented product is

passed on to the end user, who is the

person least able to afford it."

The merits of an appropriate

technology have yet to convince

everyone. In industrialised countries,

it is condemned as a "backward

striving dream of ecofreaks". In the

Third World, it is seen as second best.

Does it deserve such a bad press?

"Yes and No. The problem is that keen

amateurs jump headlong into

problem-solving knowing little, if

anything at all, about what they are

doing. An instrument is rigged up, the

amateur leaves the area and the next

day it falls apart. People feel conned.

"Appropriate technology is not

more cost-efficient because it scrimps

on scientific expertise; it is cheaper

because it cuts out the cost of

bureaucracy."

John Abbott, who has been manning

an engineering clinic in Makanyaneng

for 15 months, is trying to set up a

brick factory. "Inadequate sanitation

is a big part of the water problem

here If bricks are produced locally,

they can be used to build more toilets,

and provide more jobs."

But money to back such schemes are

in short supply. Until local projects

become financially self-sustaining,

those involved have to rely on

charitable trusts for funding It is not

the technology that costs, explains

Abrams, "it is the consultancy fees.

Rural areas usually cannot afford to

pay First World prices, charged by

engineering companies, and the

companies cannot afford to charge a

fee affordable to the people. We are

forced to rely on the private sector

which will act as a financial butter

zone, absorbing the difference in

°°His employers, Steffan, Robertson

and Kirsten, gave him a long rein to

explore alternative engineering

solutions commercially; they are now

«oo » tney can collect *= »P1

c„* of a scheme,lte company »I'

intervening body io

Bophuthatswana are evidencethat

communities are more than ready

8

The Makanyaneng schoolhouse is

should see fresh water withm a year.

/12828

CSO: 3400/338

120
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION UP--The physical volume of manufacturing production

for January 1987 was 4,1% higher than for January 1986. Increases were

recorded in the wearing apparel, paper, rubber, plastic and basic non-ferrous

metal industries. Meanwhile, retail trade sales are expected to total R3,2bn

this month, a 237, rise compared with March last year, and a 1,17„ increase

compared with February this year. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 18 Mar 87 p 1]/12828

FACTORY PRODUCTION UP--The volume of factory production has shown recovery

in the past two quarters. After declining sharply by 5,17o during 1985, and

the volume of production continuing to drop in the first half of 1986, the

latter half of 1986 showed a welcome improvement. Total factory production

was about 1,57» higher in the third quarter of 1986 than a year before, and

preliminary figures show an improvement of more than 47o in the last

quarter. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Mar 87 p 1]/12828

LOCALLY PRODUCED TRACTOR--A major feature of what is claimed to be the first

locally built agricultural tractors with four-wheel drive, designed specially

for South African conditions, is the extensive use made of steel supplied

by Iscor. Known as the Agrico 4-plus series, the tractors are manufactured

at Agrico Machinery's factory at Lichtenburg in the Western Transvaal.

Three models, producing 100, 125 and 160 kilowatt respectively, were

introduced in March 1986 and a fourth--a powerful 200 kilowatt model—became

available in January this year. An outstanding characteristic of the Agrico

tractor is that it has a fabricated steel frame instead of the conventional

cast-iron frame. According to Agrico's joint managing director (technical),

Mr Theo Andrag, the new range is built more along the lines of a truck than

that of a tractor--a concept which is gaining ground world-wide.

Approximately 907» of the steel used in the tractors, which are from 9 to 14

tons in mass, consists of Iscor plate. [Text][Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST

in English 13 Mar 87 p 3]/12828

CSO: 3400/339 END

121