U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

1 

59–010 

" ! SENATE 

114TH CONGRESS

2d Session 

REPORT

2016

114–354 

Calendar No. 636 

COORDINATED OCEAN MONITORING AND 

RESEARCH ACT 

R E P O R T 

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND 

TRANSPORTATION 

ON

S. 1886 

SEPTEMBER 20, 2016.—Ordered to be printed 


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(II) 

SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION 

ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

JOHN THUNE, South Dakota, Chairman 

ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi BILL NELSON, Florida 

ROY BLUNT, Missouri MARIA CANTWELL, Washington 

MARCO RUBIO, Florida CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri 

KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota 

TED CRUZ, Texas RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut 

DEB FISCHER, Nebraska BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii 

JERRY MORAN, Kansas ED MARKEY, Massachusetts 

DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska CORY BOOKER, New Jersey 

RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin TOM UDALL, New Mexico 

DEAN HELLER, Nevada JOE MANCHIN, West Virginia 

CORY GARDNER, Colorado GARY PETERS, Michigan 

STEVE DAINES, Montana 

NICK ROSSI, Staff Director 

ADRIAN ARNAKIS, Deputy Staff Director 

JASON VAN BEEK, General Counsel 

KIM LIPSKY, Democratic Staff Director 

CHRISTOPHER DAY, Democratic Deputy Staff Director 

CLINT ODOM, Democratic General Counsel 


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Calendar No. 636 

114TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! SENATE 2d Session 114–354 

COORDINATED OCEAN MONITORING AND RESEARCH ACT 

SEPTEMBER 20, 2016.—Ordered to be printed 

Mr. THUNE, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

Transportation, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany S. 1886] 

The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to 

which was referred the bill (S. 1886) to reauthorize the Integrated 

Coastal and Ocean Observation System Act of 2009 and for other 

purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon 

with an amendment (in the nature of a substitute) and recommends that the bill (as amended) do pass. 

PURPOSE OF THE BILL

The purpose of S. 1886, the Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and 

Research Act, is to reauthorize the Integrated Coastal and Ocean 

Observation System Act of 2009 (Act of 2009; 33 U.S.C. 3601 et 

seq.) and for other purposes. 

BACKGROUND AND NEEDS

The Act of 2009 consolidated and coordinated the efforts of hundreds of Federal, State, and local ocean observing programs. Prior 

to the implementation of the Act of 2009, these programs collected, 

distributed, and archived the same types of ocean data (e.g., temperature and salinity), but with different formats and standards, 

wasting time and resources. The national Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a coordinated network of people and technology that generates and disseminates continuous data, information, models, products, and services on coastal waters, the Great 

Lakes, and oceans. The data consist of real-time, standardized, and 

accessible information on key environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, sea level, surface currents, ocean color, pH, wind 

speed, wave height, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient, pathogen, and 


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1The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ‘‘IOOS Data Supports Safe Ship 

Navigation in Penobscot Bay, Maine,’’ accessed November 3, 2015, at http://www.ioos.noaa.gov/ 

iooslinlaction/benefits/penobscotlbay.html. 2 NOAA, ‘‘IOOS enhances search and rescue efforts,’’ accessed November 3, 2015, at http:// 

www.ioos.noaa.gov/iooslinlaction/benefits/improvinglsearchlrescue.html. 3 Brown, C. W., Peters, K. A., & Nyarko, K. A. (2014). Cases on Research and Knowledge Discovery. ISI Global. Hershey, PA. 4 NOAA, ‘‘Monitoring Water Quality,’’ accessed November 11, 2015, at http:// 

www.ioos.noaa.gov/iooslinlaction/benefits/monitoringlwaterlquality.html. 5 NOAA, ‘‘Harmful Algal Blooms (HABS),’’ accessed November 11, 2015, at http:// 

www.ioos.noaa.gov/iooslinlaction/benefits/harmfullalgallblooms.html. 6Pacific Island Ocean Observing System, ‘‘About PacIOOS,’’ accessed November 11, 2015, at 

http://oos.soest.hawaii.edu/pacioos/about. 7 NOAA, ‘‘Quality Assurance of Real Time Ocean Data, QARTOD,’’ accessed November 11, 

2015, at http://www.ioos.noaa.gov/qartod/welcome.html. 8P.L. 111–11. 

contaminant concentrations. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other agencies need long-term 

oceanographic databases to effectively monitor changes in the 

ocean, such as El Nin ̃ o events, hypoxia, and harmful algal blooms. 

The data from IOOS provide the Nation with better predictions 

of hazardous events and help improve weather forecasting. Over 50 

percent of the marine data used by the National Weather Service 

are from non-Federal sources; IOOS data standards and protocols 

allow the data to be easily integrated into weather models. In the 

Atlantic, IOOS is using floats, gliders, and buoys to improve hurricane track, intensity, and impact forecasts. IOOS data also are 

used to enhance the safety and efficiency of marine operations and 

to more cost-effectively route ships through U.S. waterways. 

In Maine, the Penobscot Bay Pilots use IOOS buoys to decide 

when to pilot ships into port.1 The Coast Guard uses high frequency radar data to determine surface current speed and direction 

in near real time, allowing rescuers to track the probable paths of 

victims and drifting survivor craft. In one test, using IOOS data, 

the Coast Guard’s Search and Rescue system was able to decrease 

its search area by 66 percent over a 96-hour period, focusing search 

efforts, improving the probability of saving lives, and reducing 

search costs.2 IOOS data have also been used to improve algorithms for locating and identifying targets of interest for homeland 

security.3 The data also are incorporated into ocean research and 

marine and coastal ecosystems research. Finally, IOOS data are 

used to predict public health risks by monitoring water quality 4

and harmful algal blooms.5

IOOS is on track for full implementation. In 2015, it certified the 

first Regional Information Coordination Entity. The remainder of 

these regional entities are scheduled to be established within the 

year.6 Also, in 2015, IOOS issued the quality control manuals for 

real-time data types, including temperature, salinity, wind, water 

level, and wave data.7 As reflected in Table 1, appropriations for IOOS have ranged between $28.6 million and $36.2 million for the 

last 5 fiscal years (FYs).8

The Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and Research Act would 

build upon the successful integration of ocean observing programs 

and platforms begun in 2009. For example, S. 1886 would direct 

the IOOS System Advisory Committee to consider additional ocean 

observing priorities, like surface current mapping, sediment transport, and marine sound. The Navy has observed marine sound for 

decades using sonobuoys and cabled hydrophones. NOAA also has 

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itor marine sound, including the successful deployment of autonomous hydrophones. 

Table 1. Recent Budget Requests and Appropriations for IOOS in thousands of dollars. 

Requested Appropriated 

FY11 $21.2 $28.6 

FY12 $37.8 $29.4 

FY13 $36.1 $35.2 

FY14 $41.1 $35.1 

FY15 $36.2 $36.2 

SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS

S. 1886, the Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and Research Act, 

would do the following: 

• Reauthorize IOOS from FY 2015 through FY 2019. 

• Add requirements for public data access. 

• Require the advising committee to consider certain planning priorities. 

• Require reporting to Congress on existing gaps in observation infrastructure, an economic vulnerability report, a monitoring prioritization plan, and a strategic research plan. 

• Require a mechanism for stakeholder input on monitoring. 

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

S. 1886 was introduced by Senator Wicker on July 29, 2015, and 

is cosponsored by Senators Cantwell, Sullivan, Murkowski, and 

Schatz. On December 9, 2015, the Committee met in open Executive Session, and by a voice vote, ordered S. 1886 to be reported 

favorably with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. A similar bill, H.R. 2744, has been introduced in the House, also with bipartisan support. 

ESTIMATED COSTS

In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the Congressional Budget 

Act of 1974, the Committee provides the following cost estimate, 

prepared by the Congressional Budget Office: 

S. 1886—Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and Research Act 

Summary: S. 1886 would reauthorize the Integrated Coastal and 

Ocean Observation System Act. The bill also would modify existing 

reporting and planning requirements under the Federal Ocean 

Acidification Research and Monitoring Act. Based on information 

provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

(NOAA), CBO estimates that implementing S. 1886 would cost $91 

million over the 2017–2021 period, assuming appropriation of the 

necessary amounts. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. 

CBO estimates that enacting the legislation would not increase 

net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027. 


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S. 1886 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) 

and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary effect of S. 1886 is shown in the following table. The costs 

of this legislation fall within budget function 300 (natural resources 

and environment). 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 

2017 2018 2019 2020 202l 2017– 

2021 

INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION 

Ocean Monitoring: 

Estimated Authorization Level ............................................. 30 30 30 0 0 90 

Estimated Outlays ............................................................... 20 26 29 11 4 90 

Reporting and Planning: 

Estimated Authorization Level ............................................. * * * * * 1 

Estimated Outlays ............................................................... * * * * * 1 

Total Increases: 

Authorization Level ..................................................... 30 30 30 0 0 91 

Estimated Outlays ...................................................... 20 26 29 11 4 91 

Note: * = less than $500,000; components may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that the legislation will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2016 and that the 

necessary amounts will be appropriated for each fiscal year. 

S. 1886 would authorize the appropriation of such sums as may 

be necessary for each year through 2019 to carry out activities 

under the Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System Act. 

That act requires the federal government to monitor ocean characteristics and other activities, including weather forecasting, water 

quality assessment, and shipping operations. Over the 2012–2016 

period, the agency spent an average of $30 million a year to carry 

out those activities. On that historical basis, CBO estimates that 

carrying out similar activities in the future would cost $90 million 

over the 2017–2021 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. 

The bill also would require an interagency body to complete a report identifying potential dangers to coastal communities from 

changes in the acidification of sea water and to develop a strategic 

plan to research and monitor ocean acidification. Based on information provided by NOAA, CBO estimates that carrying out those activities would cost roughly $1 million over the 2017–2021 period, 

assuming availability of appropriated funds. 

Pay-as-you-go considerations: None. 

Increase in long-term direct spending and deficits: CBO estimates that enacting S. 1886 would not increase net direct spending 

or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods 

beginning in 2027. 

Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: S. 1886 contains no 

intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA 

and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Jeff LaFave; Impact on 

State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Jon Sperl; Impact on the 

Private Sector: Amy Petz. 

Estimate approved by: H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant 

Director for Budget Analysis. 


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REGULATORY IMPACT

In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the legislation, as reported: 

NUMBER OF PERSONS COVERED

S. 1886, as reported, would not create any new programs or impose any new regulatory requirements, and therefore would not 

subject any individuals or businesses to new regulations. 

ECONOMIC IMPACT

S. 1886 is not expected to have a negative impact on the Nation’s 

economy. IOOS reduces duplicative data collection, and thus should 

result in an overall costs saving for the Nation. Additionally, IOOS 

data can be used to enhance maritime commerce. 

PRIVACY

The reported bill would have no impact on the personal privacy 

of individuals. 

PAPERWORK

S. 1886 would not increase paperwork requirements for the private sector. This bill would require the submission of several reports from the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC) 

and the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology 

(JSOST) of the National Science and Technology Council as follows: 

• Annual and long-term plans for the integrated design, operation, maintenance, enhancement, and expansion of IOOS, as 

well as defined protocols for collection, configuration standards, 

and formats for new and existing assets within the IOOS network. 

• A periodic review of the IOOS system plan, recommendations for improvements, and periodic updates of the plan to integrate new technology into the system. 

• A summary of existing gaps in observation infrastructure 

(added to an existing report to Congress). 

• An economic vulnerability report, a monitoring 

prioritization plan, and a strategic research plan to Congress. 

CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED SPENDING

In compliance with paragraph 4(b) of rule XLIV of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides that no provisions 

contained in the bill, as reported, meet the definition of congressionally directed spending items under the rule. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

Section 1. Short title. 

This section would designate the short title of the bill as the ‘‘Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and Research Act.’’ 


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Section 2. Purposes. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to add a requirement 

to sustain IOOS after its establishment. It would add modeling capabilities and product development to the system. It would add a 

requirement to provide easy access to data and promote data sharing between Federal and non-Federal sources, and with the public. 

It would add a requirement to monitor and model ocean chemistry. 

It would include advanced observing technologies needed to address critical data gaps to the list of authorized activities. It also 

would make technical corrections to the names of Observing System Components. 

Section 3. Definitions. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to define ‘‘Federal assets’’ as being managed through the Regional Coastal Observing 

Systems (RCOS), NOAA, or the IOOC. It would add tribal to the 

list of coordinating interests. It also would make technical corrections. 

Section 4. Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to require that IOOS 

include a product development system to transform observations to 

easily used and understood products. It would include an advanced 

observing technology development program, models to improve regional weather forecasting capabilities and products, and reviews of 

data collection procedures to meet national needs within the research development program. It would make data available for research and for use in product development to meet societal needs. 

It would require the IOOC to submit annual and long term plans 

to the National Ocean Research Leadership Council (Council) at 

the same time as the President’s Budget. It would add a requirement that this report define protocols for collection, configuration 

standards, and formats for new and existing assets within the 

IOOS network. 

It would require the establishment of contract requirements for 

RCOS. It would require the periodic review of the system plan and 

submission of recommendations for improvements. It would add a 

requirement to operate the IOOS program office within NOAA, and 

to maintain the established competitive funding process and administrative procedures. It would require periodic updates of the 

plan to integrate new technology into the system. It would require 

that NOAA work with users and RCOS to develop products for 

real-time data sharing for weather forecasting, search and rescue, 

corrosive sea water, water quality, and harmful algal bloom forecasting. It would allow employees of Federal agencies to be members of the RCOS governing body. It would require the advisory 

committee to consider priorities in planning, including national 

surface current mapping, underwater vehicle fleet acquisition, integrative mapping for manned and unmanned vehicles, remote sensing and data assimilation, coastal sediment monitoring, and marine 

sound monitoring. It would allow the Secretary of Commerce to 

stagger the terms of system advisory committee members. It would 

make technical corrections to the names of Observing System Components. 


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Section 5. Interagency financing and agreements. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to allow the Secretary 

of Commerce to execute agreements on a reimbursable or non-reimbursable basis. 

Section 6. Reports to Congress. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to add a summary of 

existing gaps in observation infrastructure to an existing report to 

Congress. 

Section 7. Public-private use policy. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to require the Council 

to maintain a policy defining the decision-making process for involved parties. It also would require the Administrator of NOAA to 

ensure that NOAA adheres to the decision-making process. 

Section 8. Repeal of independent cost estimate. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to strike the requirement for the IOOC and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to 

obtain an independent cost estimate for operations and maintenance of existing IOOS assets. 

Section 9. Authorization of appropriations. 

This section would amend the Act of 2009 to authorize such sums 

as are necessary for appropriations through FY 2019. 

Section 10. Reports and research plans. 

This section would amend section 12404(c) of the Federal Ocean 

Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 

3703(c)) to require the JSOST of the National Science and Technology Council to submit an economic vulnerability report and a 

monitoring prioritization plan to the appropriate committees of 

Congress. 

Section 11. Strategic research plan. 

This section would amend section 12405(b) of the Federal Ocean 

Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 

3704(b)) to require the strategic research plan to make recommendations for research to address key knowledge gaps identified in the economic vulnerability report. 

Section 12. Stakeholder input on monitoring. 

This section would amend section 12406(a) of the Federal Ocean 

Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 

3705(a)) to add a requirement for the JSOST to include an ongoing 

mechanism to allow industry, stakeholders, fishery management 

councils and commissions, resource managers, and scientific experts to provide input on monitoring needs. 

Section 13. Research activities. 

This section would amend section 12407(a) of the Federal Ocean 

Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 

3706(a)) to include the impacts of multiple stressors among the list 

of research activities for which the Director of NSF shall continue 

to support competitive research proposals. 


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CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW

In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as 

reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted 

is enclosed in black brackets, new material is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): 

INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN OBSERVATION SYSTEM 

ACT OF 2009 

[33 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.] 

øSEC. 12302. PURPOSES. 

[33 U.S.C. 3601] 

øThe purposes of this subtitle are to— 

ø(1) establish a national integrated System of ocean, coastal, 

and Great Lakes observing systems, comprised of Federal and 

non-Federal components coordinated at the national level by 

the National Ocean Research Leadership Council and at the 

regional level by a network of regional information coordination entities, and that includes in situ, remote, and other coastal and ocean observation, technologies, and data management 

and communication systems, and is designed to address regional and national needs for ocean information, to gather specific data on key coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes variables, and 

to ensure timely and sustained dissemination and availability 

of these data to— 

ø(A) support national defense, marine commerce, navigation safety, weather, climate, and marine forecasting, energy siting and production, economic development, ecosystem-based marine, coastal, and Great Lakes resource 

management, public safety, and public outreach training 

and education; 

ø(B) promote greater public awareness and stewardship 

of the Nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources 

and the general public welfare; and 

ø(C) enable advances in scientific understanding to support the sustainable use, conservation, management, and 

understanding of healthy ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes 

resources; 

ø(2) improve the Nation’s capability to measure, track, explain, and predict events related directly and indirectly to 

weather and climate change, natural climate variability, and 

interactions between the oceanic and atmospheric environments, including the Great Lakes; and 

ø(3) authorize activities to promote basic and applied research to develop, test, and deploy innovations and improvements in coastal and ocean observation technologies, modeling 

systems, and other scientific and technological capabilities to 

improve our conceptual understanding of weather and climate, 

ocean-atmosphere dynamics, global climate change, physical, 

chemical, and biological dynamics of the ocean, coastal and 

Great Lakes environments, and to conserve healthy and restore degraded coastal ecosystems.¿ 


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SEC. 12302. PURPOSES. 

The purposes of this subtitle are— 

(1) to establish and sustain a national integrated System of 

ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes observing systems, comprised of 

Federal and non-Federal components coordinated at the national level by the Council and at the regional level by a network of Regional Coastal Observing Systems, and that includes 

in situ, remote, and other coastal and ocean observation and 

modeling capabilities, technologies, data management systems, 

communication systems, and product development systems, and 

is designed to address regional and national needs for ocean 

and coastal information, to gather specific data on key coastal, 

ocean, and Great Lakes variables, and to ensure timely and 

sustained dissemination and availability of these data— 

(A) to the public; 

(B) to support national defense, search and rescue operations, marine commerce, navigation safety, weather, climate, and marine forecasting, energy siting and production, economic development, ecosystem-based marine, coastal, and Great Lakes resource management, public safety, 

and public outreach and education; 

(C) to promote greater public awareness and stewardship 

of the Nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources 

and the general public welfare; 

(D) to provide easy access to ocean, coastal, and Great 

Lakes data and promote data sharing between Federal and 

non-Federal sources and promote public data sharing; 

(E) to enable advances in scientific understanding to support the sustainable use, conservation, management, and 

understanding of healthy ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes 

resources; and 

(F) to monitor and model changes in ocean chemistry; 

(2) to improve the Nation’s capability to measure, track, observe, understand, and predict events related directly and indirectly to weather and climate change, natural climate variability, and interactions between the oceanic and atmospheric environments, including the Great Lakes; and 

(3) to authorize activities— 

(A) to promote basic and applied research to develop, test, 

and deploy innovations and improvements in coastal and 

ocean observation technologies, including advanced observing technologies needed to address critical data gaps, modeling systems, other scientific and technological capabilities 

to improve the understanding of weather and climate, 

ocean-atmosphere dynamics, global climate change, and the 

physical, chemical, and biological dynamics of the ocean, 

coastal and Great Lakes environments; and 

(B) to conserve healthy and restore degraded coastal ecosystems. 

SEC. 12303. DEFINITIONS. 

[33 U.S.C. 3602] 

In this subtitle: 

(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the 

Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere in 


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the Under Secretary’s capacity as Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

(2) COUNCIL.—The term ‘‘Council’’ means the National Ocean 

Research Leadership Council established by section 7902 of 

title 10, United States Code. 

(3) FEDERAL ASSETS.—The term ‘‘Federal assets’’ means all 

relevant non-classified civilian coastal and ocean observations, 

technologies, and related modeling, research, data management, basic and applied technology research and development, 

and public education and outreach programs, that are managed by member agencies of the Council. 

(4) INTERAGENCY OCEAN OBSERVATION COMMITTEE.—The 

term ‘‘Interagency Ocean Observation Committee’’ means the 

committee established under section 12304(c)(2). 

(5) NON-FEDERAL ASSETS.—The term ‘‘non-Federal assets’’ 

means all relevant coastal and ocean observation technologies, 

related basic and applied technology research and development, and public education and outreach programs that are integrated into the System and are managed through øStates, regional organizations, universities, nongovernmental organizations, or the private sector.¿ the regional coastal observing systems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or 

the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee. 

ø(6) REGIONAL INFORMATION COORDINATION ENTITIES.— 

ø(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘regional information coordination entity’’ means an organizational body that is 

certified or established by contract or memorandum by the 

lead Federal agency designated in section 12304(c)(3) of 

this subtitle and coordinates State, Federal, local, and private interests at a regional level with the responsibility of 

engaging the private and public sectors in designing, operating, and improving regional coastal and ocean observing 

systems in order to ensure the provision of data and information that meet the needs of user groups from the respective regions. 

ø(B) CERTAIN INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS.—The term ‘‘regional information coordination entity’’ includes regional 

associations described in the System Plan.¿ 

(6) REGIONAL COASTAL OBSERVING SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘regional coastal observing system’’ means an organizational body 

that is certified or established by contract or memorandum by 

the lead Federal agency designated in section 12304(c)(3) and 

coordinates State, Federal, local, tribal, and private interests at 

a regional level with the responsibility of engaging the private 

and public sectors in designing, operating, and improving regional coastal and ocean observing systems in order to ensure 

the provision of data and information that meet the needs of 

user groups from the respective regions. 

(7) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 

of Commerce, acting through the øNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.¿ Administrator. 

(8) SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘System’’ means the National Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System established 

under section 12304. 


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(9) SYSTEM PLAN.—The term ‘‘System Plan’’ means the plan 

contained in the document entitled ‘‘Ocean. US Publication No. 

9, The First Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Development Plan’’, as updated by the Council under this subtitle. 

SEC. 12304. INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN OBSERVATION SYSTEM. 

[33 U.S.C. 3603] 

* * * * * * * 

(b) SYSTEM ELEMENTS.— ø(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to fulfill the purposes of this subtitle, the System shall be national in scope and consist of— 

ø(A) Federal assets to fulfill national and international 

observation missions and priorities; 

ø(B) non-Federal assets, including a network of regional 

information coordination entities identified under subsection (c)(4), to fulfill regional observation missions and 

priorities; 

ø(C) data management, communication, and modeling 

systems for the timely integration and dissemination of 

data and information products from the System; 

ø(D) a research and development program conducted 

under the guidance of the Council, consisting of— 

ø(i) basic and applied research and technology development to improve understanding of coastal and ocean 

systems and their relationships to human activities 

and to ensure improvement of operational assets and 

products, including related infrastructure, observing 

technologies, and information and data processing and 

management technologies; and 

ø(ii) large scale computing resources and research to 

advance modeling of coastal and ocean processes.¿ 

(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to fulfill the purposes of this subtitle, the System shall be national in scope and consist of— 

(A) Federal assets to fulfill national and international 

observation missions and priorities; 

(B) non-Federal assets, including a network of regional 

coastal observing systems identified under subsection (c)(4), 

to fulfill regional and national observation missions and 

priorities; 

(C) data management, communication, and modeling 

systems for the timely integration and dissemination of 

data and information products from the System; 

(D) a product development system to transform observations into products in a format that may be readily used 

and understood; and 

(E) a research and development program conducted 

under the guidance of the Council, consisting of— 

(i) basic and applied research and technology development— 

(I) to improve understanding of coastal and 

ocean systems and their relationships to human 

activities; and 

(II) to ensure improvement of operational assets 

and products, including related infrastructure, obVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:31 Sep 25, 2016 Jkt 059010 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6603 E:\HR\OC\SR354.XXX SR354

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serving technologies, and information and data 

processing and management technologies; 

(ii) an advanced observing technology development 

program to fill gaps in technology; 

(iii) large scale computing resources and research to 

advance modeling of coastal and ocean processes; 

(iv) models to improve regional weather forecasting 

capabilities and regional weather forecasting products; 

and 

(v) reviews of data collection procedures across regions and programs to make recommendations for data 

collection standards across the System to meet national 

ocean observation, applied research, and weather forecasting needs. 

(2) ENHANCING ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT.—The 

head of each Federal agency that has administrative jurisdiction over a Federal asset shall support the purposes of this 

subtitle and may take appropriate actions to enhance internal 

agency administration and management to better support, integrate, finance, and utilize observation data, products, and 

services developed under this section to further its own agency 

mission and responsibilities. 

(3) AVAILABILITY OF DATA.—The head of each Federal agency 

that has administrative jurisdiction over a Federal asset shall 

make available data that are produced by that asset and that 

are not otherwise restricted for integration, management, and 

dissemination by the Systemø.¿ or research and for use in the 

development of products to address societal needs. 

(4) øNON-FEDERAL¿ COORDINATION OF NON-FEDERAL ASSETS.—Non-Federal assets shall be coordinated, as appropriate, 

by the Interagency Ocean Observing Committee, the regional 

coastal observing system, or by regional information coordination entities. 

(c) POLICY OVERSIGHT, ADMINISTRATION, AND REGIONAL COORDINATION.— 

(1) COUNCIL FUNCTIONS.—The Council shall serve as the policy and coordination oversight body for all aspects of the System. In carrying out its responsibilities under this subtitle, the 

Council shall— 

(A) approve and adopt comprehensive System budgets 

developed and maintained by the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee to support System operations, including operations of both Federal and non-Federal assets; 

(B) ensure coordination of the System with other domestic and international earth observing activities including 

the Global Ocean Observing System and the Global Earth 

Observing System of Systems, and provide, as appropriate, 

support for and representation on United States delegations to international meetings on coastal and ocean observing programs; and 

(C) encourage coordinated intramural and extramural 

research and technology development, and a process to 

transition developing technology and methods into operations of the System. 


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ø(2) INTERAGENCY OCEAN OBSERVATION COMMITTEE.—The 

Council shall establish or designate an Interagency Ocean Observation Committee which shall— 

ø(A) prepare annual and long-term plans for consideration and approval by the Council for the integrated design, operation, maintenance, enhancement and expansion 

of the System to meet the objectives of this subtitle and 

the System Plan; 

ø(B) develop and transmit to Congress at the time of 

submission of the President’s annual budget request an 

annual coordinated, comprehensive budget to operate all 

elements of the System identified in subsection (b), and to 

ensure continuity of data streams from Federal and nonFederal assets; 

ø(C) establish required observation data variables to be 

gathered by both Federal and non-Federal assets and identify, in consultation with regional information coordination 

entities, priorities for System observations; 

ø(D) establish protocols and standards for System data 

processing, management, and communication; 

ø(E) develop contract certification standards and compliance procedures for all non-Federal assets, including regional information coordination entities, to establish eligibility for integration into the System and to ensure compliance with all applicable standards and protocols established by the Council, and ensure that regional observations are integrated into the System on a sustained basis; 

ø(F) identify gaps in observation coverage or needs for 

capital improvements of both Federal assets and non-Federal assets; 

ø(G) subject to the availability of appropriations, establish through one or more participating Federal agencies, in 

consultation with the System advisory committee established under subsection (d), a competitive matching grant 

or other programs— 

ø(i) to promote intramural and extramural research 

and development of new, innovative, and emerging observation technologies including testing and field 

trials; and 

ø(ii) to facilitate the migration of new, innovative, 

and emerging scientific and technological advances 

from research and development to operational deployment; 

ø(H) periodically review and recommend to the Council, 

in consultation with the Administrator, revisions to the 

System Plan; 

ø(I) ensure collaboration among Federal agencies participating in the activities of the Committee; and 

ø(J) perform such additional duties as the Council may 

delegate. 

ø(3) LEAD FEDERAL AGENCY.—The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall function as the lead Federal 

agency for the implementation and administration of the System, in consultation with the Council, the Interagency Ocean 

Observation Committee, other Federal agencies that maintain 


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portions of the System, and the regional information coordination entities, and shall— 

ø(A) establish an Integrated Ocean Observing Program 

Office within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration utilizing to the extent necessary, personnel 

from member agencies participating on the Interagency 

Ocean Observation Committee, to oversee daily operations 

and coordination of the System; 

ø(B) implement policies, protocols, and standards approved by the Council and delegated by the Interagency 

Ocean Observing Committee; 

ø(C) promulgate program guidelines to certify and integrate non-Federal assets, including regional information 

coordination entities, into the System to provide regional 

coastal and ocean observation data that meet the needs of 

user groups from the respective regions; 

ø(D) have the authority to enter into and oversee contracts, leases, grants or cooperative agreements with nonFederal assets, including regional information coordination 

entities, to support the purposes of this subtitle on such 

terms as the Administrator deems appropriate; 

ø(E) implement a merit-based, competitive funding process to support non-Federal assets, including the development and maintenance of a network of regional information coordination entities, and develop and implement a 

process for the periodic review and evaluation of all nonFederal assets, including regional information coordination 

entities; 

ø(F) provide opportunities for competitive contracts and 

grants for demonstration projects to design, develop, integrate, deploy, and support components of the System; 

ø(G) establish efficient and effective administrative procedures for allocation of funds among contractors, grantees, and non-Federal assets, including regional information 

coordination entities in a timely manner, and contingent 

on appropriations according to the budget adopted by the 

Council; 

ø(H) develop and implement a process for the periodic 

review and evaluation of regional information coordination 

entities; 

ø(I) formulate an annual process by which gaps in observation coverage or needs for capital improvements of Federal assets and non-Federal assets of the System are identified by the regional information coordination entities, the 

Administrator, or other members of the System and transmitted to the Interagency Ocean Observing Committee; 

ø(J) develop and be responsible for a data management 

and communication system, in accordance with standards 

and protocols established by the Council, by which all data 

collected by the System regarding ocean and coastal 

waters of the United States including the Great Lakes, are 

processed, stored, integrated, and made available to all 

end-user communities; 

ø(K) implement a program of public education and outreach to improve public awareness of global climate change 


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and effects on the ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes environment; 

ø(L) report annually to the Interagency Ocean Observing 

Committee on the accomplishments, operational needs, 

and performance of the System to contribute to the annual 

and long-term plans developed pursuant to subsection 

(c)(2)(A)(i); and 

ø(M) develop a plan to efficiently integrate into the System new, innovative, or emerging technologies that have 

been demonstrated to be useful to the System and which 

will fulfill the purposes of this subtitle and the System 

Plan. 

ø(4) REGIONAL INFORMATION COORDINATION ENTITIES.— 

ø(A) IN GENERAL.—To be certified or established under 

this subtitle, a regional information coordination entity 

shall be certified or established by contract or agreement 

by the Administrator, and shall agree to meet the certification standards and compliance procedure guidelines 

issued by the Administrator and information needs of user 

groups in the region while adhering to national standards 

and shall— 

ø(i) demonstrate an organizational structure capable 

of gathering required System observation data, supporting and integrating all aspects of coastal and 

ocean observing and information programs within a 

region and that reflects the needs of State and local 

governments, commercial interests, and other users 

and beneficiaries of the System and other requirements specified under this subtitle and the System 

Plan; 

ø(ii) identify gaps in observation coverage needs for 

capital improvements of Federal assets and non-Federal assets of the System, or other recommendations to 

assist in the development of the annual and long-term 

plans created pursuant to subsection (c)(2)(A)(i) and 

transmit such information to the Interagency Ocean 

Observing Committee via the Program Office; 

ø(iii) develop and operate under a strategic operational plan that will ensure the efficient and effective 

administration of programs and assets to support daily 

data observations for integration into the System, pursuant to the standards approved by the Council; 

ø(iv) work cooperatively with governmental and nongovernmental entities at all levels to identify and provide information products of the System for multiple 

users within the service area of the regional information coordination entities; and 

ø(v) comply with all financial oversight requirements established by the Administrator, including requirements relating to audits. 

ø(B) PARTICIPATION.—For the purposes of this subtitle, 

employees of Federal agencies may participate in the functions of the regional information coordination entities.¿ 

(2) INTERAGENCY OCEAN OBSERVATION COMMITTEE.— 


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(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Council shall establish or designate a committee which shall be known as the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee. 

(B) DUTIES.—The Interagency Ocean Observation Committee shall— 

(i) prepare annual and long-term plans for consideration and approval by the Council for the integrated 

design, operation, maintenance, enhancement, and expansion of the System to meet the objectives of this 

chapter and the System Plan; 

(ii) develop and transmit to Congress, along with the 

budget submitted by the President to Congress pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, 

an annual coordinated, comprehensive budget— 

(I) to operate all elements of the System identified in subsection (b); and 

(II) to ensure continuity of data streams from 

Federal and non-Federal assets; 

(iii) establish requirements for observation data variables to be gathered by both Federal and non-Federal 

assets and identify, in consultation with regional information coordination entities, priorities for System observations; 

(iv) establish and define protocols and standards for 

System data processing, management, collection, configuration standards, formats, and communication for 

new and existing assets throughout the Integrated 

Ocean Observing System network; 

(v) develop contract requirements for each Regional 

Coastal Observing System— 

(I) to establish eligibility for integration into the 

System; 

(II) to ensure compliance with all applicable 

standards and protocols established by the Council; and 

(III) to ensure that regional observations are integrated into the System on a sustained basis; 

(vi) identify gaps in observation coverage or needs for 

capital improvements of both Federal assets and nonFederal assets; 

(vii) subject to the availability of appropriations, establish through 1 or more participating Federal agencies, in consultation with the System advisory committee established under subsection (d), a competitive 

matching grant or other programs— 

(I) to promote intramural and extramural research and development of new, innovative, and 

emerging observation technologies including testing and field trials; and 

(II) to facilitate the migration of new, innovative, 

and emerging scientific and technological advances 

from research and development to operational deployment; 

(viii) periodically— 

(I) review the System Plan; and 


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(II) submit to the Council such recommendations 

as the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee 

may have for improvements to the System Plan; 

(ix) ensure collaboration among Federal agencies 

participating in the activities of the Interagency Ocean 

Observation Committee; and 

(x) perform such additional duties as the Council 

may delegate. 

(3) LEAD FEDERAL AGENCY.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration shall function as the lead Federal agency 

for the implementation and administration of the System. 

(B) CONSULTATION REQUIRED.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Administrator shall consult with the Council, 

the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee, other Federal agencies that maintain portions of the System, and the 

Regional Coastal Observing Systems. 

(C) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out this paragraph, the 

Administrator shall— 

(i) establish and operate an Integrated Ocean Observing System Program Office within the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration— 

(I) that utilizes, to the extent necessary, personnel from member agencies participating on the 

Interagency Ocean Observation Committee; and 

(II) oversees daily operations and coordination of 

the System; 

(ii) implement policies, protocols, and standards approved by the Council and delegated by the Interagency 

Ocean Observation Committee; 

(iii) promulgate program guidelines— 

(I) to certify and integrate regional associations 

into the System; and 

(II) to provide regional coastal and ocean observation data that meet the needs of user groups 

from the respective regions; 

(iv) have the authority to enter into and oversee contracts, leases, grants, or cooperative agreements with 

non-Federal assets, including regional information coordination entities, to support the purposes of this 

chapter on such terms as the Administrator deems appropriate; 

(v) implement and maintain a merit-based, competitive funding process to support non-Federal assets, including the development and maintenance of a network 

of Regional Coastal Observing Systems, and develop 

and implement a process for the periodic review and 

evaluation of the regional associations; 

(vi) provide opportunities for competitive contracts 

and grants for demonstration projects to design, develop, integrate, deploy, maintain, and support components of the System; 

(vii) establish and maintain efficient and effective 

administrative procedures for the timely allocation of 


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funds among contractors, grantees, and non-Federal 

assets, including regional associations; 

(viii) develop and implement a process for the periodic review and evaluation of the Regional Coastal Observing Systems; 

(ix) formulate an annual process by which gaps in 

observation coverage or needs for capital improvements 

of Federal assets and non-Federal assets of the System 

are— 

(I) identified by the regional associations described in the System Plan, the Administrator, or 

other members of the System; and 

(II) submitted to the Interagency Ocean Observing Committee; 

(x) develop and be responsible for a data management and communication system, in accordance with 

standards and protocols established by the Interagency 

Ocean Observing Committee, by which all data collected by the System regarding ocean and coastal 

waters of the United States including the Great Lakes, 

are processed, stored, integrated, and made available 

to all end-user communities; 

(xi) not less frequently than once each year, submit 

to the Interagency Ocean Observing Observation Committee a report on the accomplishments, operational 

needs, and performance of the System to contribute to 

the annual and long-term plans prepared pursuant to 

paragraph (2)(B)(i); 

(xii) develop and periodically update a plan to efficiently integrate into the System new, innovative, or 

emerging technologies that have been demonstrated to 

be useful to the System and which will fulfill the purposes of this chapter and the System Plan; and 

(xiii) work with users and Regional Associations to 

develop products to enable real-time data sharing for 

decision makers, including with respect to weather 

forecasting and modeling, search and rescue operations, corrosive seawater forecasts, water quality monitoring and communication, and harmful algal bloom 

forecasting. 

(4) REGIONAL COASTAL OBSERVING SYSTEMS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—A Regional Coastal Observing System 

operated by a Regional Association described in the System 

Plan may not be certified or established under this subtitle 

unless it— 

(i) has been or shall be certified or established by 

contract or agreement by the Administrator; 

(ii) meets— 

(I) the certification standards and compliance 

procedure guidelines issued by the Administrator; 

and 

(II) the information needs of user groups in the 

region while adhering to national standards; 

(iii) demonstrates an organizational structure, that 

under funding limitations is capable of— 


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(I) gathering required System observation data; 

(II) supporting and integrating all aspects of 

coastal and ocean observing and information programs within a region; and 

(III) reflecting the needs of State, local, and tribal governments, commercial interests, and other 

users and beneficiaries of the System and other requirements specified under this subtitle and the 

System Plan; 

(iv) identifies— 

(I) gaps in observation coverage needs for capital 

improvements of Federal assets and non-Federal 

assets of the System; and 

(II) other recommendations to assist in the development of the annual and long-term plans prepared pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(i) and transmits such information to the Interagency Ocean 

Observation Committee via the Program Office established under paragraph (3)(C)(i); 

(v) develops and operates under a strategic operational plan that will ensure the efficient and effective 

administration of programs and assets to support daily 

data observations for integration into the System, pursuant to the standards approved by the Council; 

(vi) works cooperatively with governmental and nongovernmental entities at all levels to identify and provide information products of the System for multiple 

users within the service area of the regional coastal observing system; and 

(vii) complies with all financial oversight requirements established by the Administrator, including requirements relating to audits. 

(B) PARTICIPATION.—For the purposes of this title, employees of Federal agencies are permitted to be members of 

the governing body for the Regional Coastal Observing Systems and may participate in the functions of the regional 

information coordination entities. 

(d) SYSTEM ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall establish or designate a System advisory committee, which shall provide advice as may be requested by the Administrator øor the Interagency Ocean Observing Committee.¿ or the Council under this 

subtitle. 

(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the System advisory committee is to advise the Administrator and the Interagency 

Ocean Observing Committee on— 

(A) administration, operation, management, and maintenance of the System, including integration of Federal and 

non-Federal assets and data management, data sharing, 

and communication aspects of the System, and fulfillment 

of the purposes set forth in section 12302; 

(B) expansion and periodic modernization and upgrade 

of technology components of the System; 

(C) identification of end-user communities, their needs 

for information provided by the System, and the System’s 


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effectiveness in disseminating information to end-user 

communities and the general public; øand¿ 

ø(D) any other purpose identified by the Administrator 

or the Interagency Ocean Observing Committee.¿ 

(D) additional priorities, including— 

(i) a national surface current mapping network designed to improve fine scale sea surface mapping using 

high frequency radar technology and other emerging 

technologies to address national priorities, including 

Coast Guard search and rescue operation planning 

and harmful algal bloom forecasting and detection 

that— 

(I) is comprised of existing high frequency radar 

and other sea surface current mapping infrastructure operated by regional associations; 

(II) incorporates new high frequency radar assets 

or other fine scale sea surface mapping technology 

assets, and other assets needed to fill gaps in coverage on United States coastlines; and 

(III) follows a deployment plan that prioritizes 

closing gaps in high frequency radar infrastructure in the United States, starting with areas demonstrating significant sea surface current data 

needs, especially in areas where additional data 

will improve Coast Guard search and rescue models; 

(ii) fleet acquisition for autonomous underwater and 

surface vehicles for deployment and data integration to 

fulfill the purposes of the Act; 

(iii) an integrative survey program for application of 

manned and unmanned vehicles to the real-time or 

near real-time collection and transmission of seafloor, 

water column, and sea surface data on biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and hydrography; 

(iv) remote sensing and data assimilation to develop 

new analytical methodologies to assimilate data from 

the Integrated Ocean Observing System into hydrodynamic models; 

(v) integrated, multistate monitoring to assess 

sources, movement and fate of sediments in coastal regions; 

(vi) a multiregion marine sound monitoring system 

to be— 

(I) planned in consultation with the International Ocean Observing Committee, the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of the Navy, and academic research institutions; and 

(II) developed, installed, and operated in coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration, the Department of the Navy, and 

academic research institutions; and 

(E) any other purpose identified by the Administrator or 

the Council. 

(3) MEMBERS.— 


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(A) IN GENERAL.—The System advisory committee shall 

be composed of members appointed by the Administrator. 

Members shall be qualified by education, training, and experience to evaluate scientific and technical information 

related to the design, operation, maintenance, or use of the 

System, or use of data products provided through the System. 

(B) TERMS OF SERVICE.—The Administrator has the ability to stagger the terms of the System advisory committee 

members. Members shall be appointed for 3-year terms, renewable once. A vacancy appointment shall be for the remainder of the unexpired term of the vacancy, and an individual so appointed may subsequently be appointed for 2 

full 3-year terms if the remainder of the unexpired term 

is less than 1 year. 

(C) CHAIRPERSON.—The Administrator shall designate a 

chairperson from among the members of the System advisory committee. 

(D) APPOINTMENT.—Members of the System advisory 

committee shall be appointed as special Government employees for purposes of section 202(a) of title 18, United 

States Code. 

(4) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.— 

(A) REPORTING.—The System advisory committee shall 

report to the Administrator øand the Interagency Ocean 

Observing Committee¿, as appropriate. 

(B) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT.—The Administrator shall 

provide administrative support to the System advisory 

committee. 

(C) MEETINGS.—The System advisory committee shall 

meet at least once each year, and at other times at the call 

of the Administrator, the Interagency Ocean øObserving¿ 

Observation Committee, or the chairperson. 

(D) COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES.—Members of the System advisory committee shall not be compensated for service on that Committee, but may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United 

States Code. 

(E) EXPIRATION.—Section 14 of the Federal Advisory 

Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the System advisory committee. 

(e) CIVIL LIABILITY.—For purposes of determining liability arising 

from the dissemination and use of observation data gathered pursuant to this section, any non-Federal asset or regional øinformation coordination entity¿ coastal observing system incorporated into 

the System by contract, lease, grant, or cooperative agreement 

under subsection (c)(3)(D) that is participating in the System shall 

be considered to be part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration. Any employee of such a ønon-Federal asset or regional information coordination entity,¿ Regional Coastal Observing System, while operating within the scope of his or her employment in carrying out the purposes of this subtitle, with respect to 


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tort liability, is deemed to be an employee of the Federal Government. 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 12305. INTERAGENCY FINANCING AND AGREEMENTS. 

[33 U.S.C. 3604] 

ø(a) IN GENERAL.—To carry out interagency activities under this 

subtitle, the Secretary of Commerce may execute cooperative agreements, or any other agreements, with, and receive and expend 

funds made available by, any State or subdivision thereof, any Federal agency, or any public or private organization, or individual.¿ 

(a) IN GENERAL.—To carry out interagency activities under this 

subtitle, the Secretary of Commerce may execute an agreement, on 

a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, with any State or subdivision thereof, any Federal agency, or any public or private organization, or individual to carry out interagency activities under this 

subtitle. 

(b) RECIPROCITY.—Member Departments and agencies of the 

Council shall have the authority to create, support, and maintain 

joint centers, and to enter into and perform such contracts, leases, 

grants, and cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry 

out the purposes of this subtitle and fulfillment of the System Plan. 

øSEC. 12307. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 

[33 U.S.C. 3606] 

ø(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the 

enactment of this Act and every 2 years thereafter, the Administrator shall prepare and the President acting through the Council 

shall approve and transmit to the Congress a report on progress 

made in implementing this subtitle. 

ø(b) CONTENTS.—The report shall include— 

ø(1) a description of activities carried out under this subtitle 

and the System Plan; 

ø(2) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the System, including an evaluation of progress made by the Council to achieve 

the goals identified under the System Plan; 

ø(3) identification of Federal and non-Federal assets as determined by the Council that have been integrated into the 

System, including assets essential to the gathering of required 

observation data variables necessary to meet the respective 

missions of Council agencies; 

ø(4) a review of procurements, planned or initiated, by each 

Council agency to enhance, expand, or modernize the observation capabilities and data products provided by the System, including data management and communication subsystems; 

ø(5) an assessment regarding activities to integrate Federal 

and non-Federal assets, nationally and on the regional level, 

and discussion of the performance and effectiveness of regional 

information coordination entities to coordinate regional observation operations; 

ø(6) a description of benefits of the program to users of data 

products resulting from the System (including the general public, industries, scientists, resource managers, emergency responders, policy makers, and educators); 

ø(7) recommendations concerning— 

ø(A) modifications to the System; and 


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ø(B) funding levels for the System in subsequent fiscal 

years; and 

ø(8) the results of a periodic external independent programmatic audit of the System.¿ 

SEC. 12307. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 

(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 2 years after March 30, 2009, 

and every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator shall prepare and 

the President acting through the Council shall approve and transmit to the Congress a report on progress made in implementing this 

subtitle. 

(b) CONTENTS.—Each report required by subsection (a) shall include— 

(1) a description of activities carried out under this subtitle 

and the System Plan; 

(2) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the System, including 

an evaluation of progress made by the Council to achieve the 

goals identified under the System Plan; 

(3) identification of Federal and non-Federal assets as determined by the Council that have been integrated into the System, 

including assets essential to the gathering of required observation data variables necessary to meet the respective missions of 

Council agencies; 

(4) a review of procurements, planned or initiated, by each 

Council agency to enhance, expand, or modernize the observation capabilities and data products provided by the System, including data management and communication subsystems; 

(5) a summary of the existing gaps in observation infrastructure and monitoring data collection, including— 

(A) priorities considered by the System advisory committee; 

(B) the national sea surface current mapping network; 

(C) coastal buoys, and; 

(D) ocean chemistry monitoring; 

(6) an assessment regarding activities to integrate Federal 

and non-Federal assets, nationally and on the regional level, 

and discussion of the performance and effectiveness of regional 

information coordination entities to coordinate regional observation operations; 

(7) a description of benefits of the program to users of data 

products resulting from the System (including the general public, industries, scientists, resource managers, emergency responders, policy makers, and educators); 

(8) recommendations concerning— 

(A) modifications to the System; and 

(B) funding levels for the System in subsequent fiscal 

years; and 

(9) the results of a periodic external independent programmatic audit of the System. 

øSEC. 12308. PUBLIC-PRIVATE USE POLICY. 

[33 U.S.C. 3607] 

øThe Council shall develop a policy within 6 months after the 

date of the enactment of this Act that defines processes for making 

decisions about the roles of the Federal Government, the States, regional information coordination entities, the academic community, 


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and the private sector in providing to end-user communities environmental information, products, technologies, and services related 

to the System. The Council shall publish the policy in the Federal 

Register for public comment for a period not less than 60 days. 

Nothing in this section shall be construed to require changes in 

policy in effect on the date of enactment of this Act.¿ 

SEC. 12308. PUBLIC-PRIVATE USE POLICY. 

The Council shall maintain a policy that defines processes for 

making decisions about the roles of the Federal Government, the 

States, regional information coordination entities, the academic 

community, and the private sector in providing to end-user communities environmental information, products, technologies, and services related to the System. The Administrator shall ensure that National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration adheres to the decision making process developed by the Council regarding the roles of 

the Federal Government, the States, the Regional Coastal Observing 

Systems, the academic communities, and the private sector in providing the end-user communities environmental information, data 

products, technologies, and services related to the System. 

øSEC. 12309. INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE. 

[33 U.S.C. 3608] 

øWithin 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee, through the Administrator 

and the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall obtain 

an independent cost estimate for operations and maintenance of existing Federal assets of the System, and planned or anticipated acquisition, operation, and maintenance of new Federal assets for the 

System, including operation facilities, observation equipment, modeling and software, data management and communication, and 

other essential components. The independent cost estimate shall be 

transmitted unabridged and without revision by the Administrator 

to Congress.¿ 

SEC. 12311. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

[33 U.S.C. 3610] 

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce for fiscal years 2009 through ø2013¿ 2019 such sums as are 

necessary to fulfill the purposes of this subtitle and support activities identified in the annual coordinated System budget developed 

by the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee and submitted to 

the Congress. 

FEDERAL OCEAN ACIDIFICATION RESEARCH AND 

MONITORING ACT OF 2009 

[33 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.] 

SEC. 12404. INTERAGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE. 

[33 U.S.C. 3703] 

* * * * * * * 

(c) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 

(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 

enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee shall transmit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science and TechVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:31 Sep 25, 2016 Jkt 059010 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\SR354.XXX SR354

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nology and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House 

of Representatives that— 

(A) includes a summary of Federally funded ocean acidification research and monitoring activities, including the 

budget for each of these activities; and 

(B) describes the progress in developing the plan required under section 12405 of this subtitle. 

(2) BIENNIAL REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the delivery of the initial report under paragraph (1) and every 2 years 

thereafter, the Subcommittee shall transmit a report to the 

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 

Senate and the Committee on Science and Technology and the 

Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives that includes— 

(A) a summary of Federally funded ocean acidification 

research and monitoring activities, including the budget 

for each of these activities; and 

(B) an analysis of the progress made toward achieving 

the goals and priorities for the interagency research plan 

developed by the Subcommittee under section 12405. 

(3) STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 2 years after 

the date of enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee shall 

transmit the strategic research plan developed under section 

12405 to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science and Technology and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House 

of Representatives. A revised plan shall be submitted at least 

once every 5 years thereafter. 

(4) ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY REPORT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of 

the enactment of the Coordinated Ocean Monitoring and 

Research Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Subcommittee shall transmit to appropriate committees of Congress a report that— 

(i) is named ‘‘The Ocean Chemistry Coastal Community Vulnerability Assessment’’; 

(ii) identifies gaps in ocean acidification monitoring 

by public, academic, and private assets in the network 

of regional coastal observing systems; 

(iii) identifies geographic areas which have gaps in 

ocean acidification research; 

(iv) identifies United States coastal communities, including fishing communities, low-population rural 

communities, tribal and subsistence communities, and 

island communities, that may be impacted by ocean 

acidification; 

(v) identifies impacts of changing ocean carbonate 

chemistry on the communities described in clause (iv), 

including impacts from changes in ocean and coastal 

marine resources that are not managed by the Federal 

Government; 

(vi) identifies gaps in understanding of the impacts 

of ocean acidification on economically or commercially 

important species, particularly those which support 


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United States commercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries and aquaculture; 

(vii) identifies habitats that may be particularly vulnerable to corrosive sea water, including areas experiencing multiple stressors such as hypoxia, sedimentation, and harmful algal blooms; 

(viii) identifies areas in which existing Integrated 

Ocean Observing System assets, including buoys and 

gliders, may be leveraged as platforms for the deployment of new sensors or other applicable observing technologies; and 

(ix) is written in collaboration with the agencies responsible for carrying out this Act. 

(B) FORM OF REPORT.— (i) INITIAL REPORT.—The initial report required by 

subparagraph (A) shall include the information described in clauses (i) through (ix) on a national level. 

(ii) SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.—Each report required by 

subparagraph (A) after the initial report— 

(I) may describe the information described in 

clauses (i) through (ix) on a national level; or 

(II) may consist of separate reports for each region of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

(iii) REGIONAL REPORTS.—If the Subcommittee opts 

to prepare a report required by subparagraph (A) as 

separate regional reports under clause (ii)(II), the Subcommittee shall submit a report for each region of the 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration not 

less often than once during each 5-year reporting period. 

(C) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DEFINED.— In this paragraph and in paragraph (5), the term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ means the Committee on 

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 

the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 

Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives. 

(5) MONITORING PRIORITIZATION PLAN.—Not later than 180 

days after the date of the submission of the initial report required by paragraph (4)(A), the Subcommittee shall transmit to 

the appropriate committees of Congress a report that develops 

a plan to deploy new sensors or other applicable observing technologies— 

(A) based on such initial report; 

(B) prioritized by— 

(i) the threat to coastal economies and ecosystems; 

(ii) gaps in data; and 

(iii) research needs; and 

(C) that leverage existing platforms, where possible. 

SEC. 12405. STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN. 

[33 U.S.C. 3704] 

* * * * * * * 

(b) CONTENTS OF THE PLAN.—The plan shall— 


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(1) provide for interdisciplinary research among the ocean 

sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve 

the understanding of ocean chemistry that will affect marine 

ecosystems; 

(2) establish, for the 10-year period beginning in the year the 

plan is submitted, the goals and priorities for Federal research 

and monitoring which will— 

(A) advance understanding of ocean acidification and its 

physical, chemical, and biological impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems; 

(B) improve the ability to assess the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification; and 

(C) provide information for the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to conserve marine organisms and marine ecosystems; 

(3) describe specific activities, including— 

(A) efforts to determine user needs; 

(B) research activities; 

(C) monitoring activities; 

(D) technology and methods development; 

(E) data collection; 

(F) database development; 

(G) modeling activities; 

(H) assessment of ocean acidification impacts; and 

(I) participation in international research efforts; 

(4) identify relevant programs and activities of the Federal 

agencies that contribute to the interagency program directly 

and indirectly and set forth the role of each Federal agency in 

implementing the plan; 

(5) consider and utilize, as appropriate, reports and studies 

conducted by Federal agencies, the National Research Council, 

or other entities; 

(6) make recommendations for the coordination of the ocean 

acidification research and monitoring activities of the United 

States with such activities of other nations and international 

organizations; 

(7) outline budget requirements for Federal ocean acidification research and monitoring and assessment activities to be 

conducted by each agency under the plan; 

(8) identify the monitoring systems and sampling programs 

currently employed in collecting data relevant to ocean acidification and prioritize additional monitoring systems that may 

be needed to ensure adequate data collection and monitoring of 

ocean acidification and its impacts; øand¿ 

(9) describe specific activities designed to facilitate outreach 

and data and information exchange with stakeholder 

communitiesø.¿; and 

(10) make recommendations for research to be conducted, including in the social sciences and economics, to address the key 

knowledge gaps identified in the economic vulnerability report 

conducted under section 12404(c). 

(c) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The plan shall include at a minimum 

the following program elements: 

(1) Monitoring of ocean chemistry and biological impacts associated with ocean acidification at selected coastal and openVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:31 Sep 25, 2016 Jkt 059010 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\SR354.XXX SR354

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ocean monitoring stations, including satellite-based monitoring 

to characterize— 

(A) marine ecosystems; 

(B) changes in marine productivity; and 

(C) changes in surface ocean chemistry. 

(2) Research to understand the species specific physiological 

responses of marine organisms to ocean acidification, impacts 

on marine food webs of ocean acidification, and to develop environmental and ecological indices that track marine ecosystem 

responses to ocean acidification. 

(3) Modeling to predict changes in the ocean carbon cycle as 

a function of carbon dioxide and atmosphere-induced changes 

in temperature, ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, ecosystem 

and terrestrial input, and modeling to determine impacts on 

marine ecosystems and individual marine organisms. 

(4) Technology development and standardization of carbonate 

chemistry measurements on moorings and autonomous floats. 

(5) Assessment of socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and development of adaptation and mitigation strategies 

to conserve marine organisms and marine ecosystems. 

(6) Research to understand combined effects of changes in 

ocean chemistry, sediment delivery, hypoxia, and harmful algal 

blooms and the impact these processes have on each other, and 

how these multiple stressors impact living marine resources and 

coastal ecosystems. 

(7) Applied research to identify adaptation strategies for species impacted by changes in ocean chemistry including vegetation-based systems, shell recycling, species and genetic diversity, 

applied technologies, aquaculture methodologies, and management recommendations. 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 12406. NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. 

[33 U.S.C. 3705] 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish and maintain an 

ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to conduct research, monitoring, and 

other activities consistent with the strategic research and implementation plan developed by the Subcommittee under section 

12405 that— 

(1) includes— 

(A) interdisciplinary research among the ocean and atmospheric sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve understanding of ocean acidification; 

(B) the establishment of a long-term monitoring program 

of ocean acidification utilizing existing global and national 

ocean observing assets, and adding instrumentation and 

sampling stations as appropriate to the aims of the research program; 

(C) research to identify and develop adaptation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification; 

(D) as an integral part of the research programs described in this subtitle, educational opportunities that enVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:31 Sep 25, 2016 Jkt 059010 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\SR354.XXX SR354

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courage an interdisciplinary and international approach to 

exploring the impacts of ocean acidification; 

(E) as an integral part of the research programs described in this subtitle, national public outreach activities 

to improve the understanding of current scientific knowledge of ocean acidification and its impacts on marine resources; and 

(F) coordination of ocean acidification monitoring and 

impacts research with other appropriate international 

ocean science bodies such as the International Oceanographic Commission, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, and others; 

(2) provides grants for critical research projects that explore 

the effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems and the socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification that are relevant to the goals and priorities of the strategic research plan; 

øand¿ 

(3) incorporates a competitive merit-based process for awarding grants that may be conducted jointly with other participating agencies or under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program under section 7901 of title 10, United States 

Codeø.¿; and 

(4) includes an ongoing mechanism that allows potentially affected industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery management councils and commissions, non-Federal resource managers, and scientific experts to provide input on monitoring 

needs that are necessary to support on the ground management, 

decision making, and adaptation related to ocean acidification. 

(b) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY.—In conducting the Program, the 

Secretary may enter into and perform such contracts, leases, 

grants, or cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry out 

the purposes of this subtitle on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate. 

SEC. 12407. NSF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. 

[33 U.S.C. 3706] 

ø(a) RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.—The Director of the National Science 

Foundation shall continue to carry out research activities on ocean 

acidification which shall support competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research and monitoring of ocean acidification 

and its impacts, including— 

ø(1) impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems; 

ø(2) impacts on ocean, coastal, and estuarine biogeochemistry; and 

ø(3) the development of methodologies and technologies to 

evaluate ocean acidification and its impacts.¿ 

(a) RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.—The Director of the National Science 

Foundation shall continue to carry out research activities on ocean 

acidification which shall support competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research, observatories and monitoring of 

ocean acidification and its impacts, including— 

(1) impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems; 

(2) impacts on ocean, coastal, and estuarine biogeochemistry; 

(3) the development of methodologies and technologies to 

evaluate ocean acidification and its impacts, and; 


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(4) impacts of multiple stressors on ecosystems exhibiting hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, or sediment delivery, combined 

with changes in ocean chemistry. 

(b) CONSISTENCY.—The research activities shall be consistent 

with the strategic research plan developed by the Subcommittee 

under section 12405. 

(c) COORDINATION.—The Director shall encourage coordination of 

the Foundation’s ocean acidification activities with such activities 

of other nations and international organizations. 

Æ 


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