# Clean Cities

Alternative Fuel Price Report

October 2014

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 2 

# WELCOME!

Welcome to the October 2014 issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities

coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the U nited S tates

. This issue

summarizes pri ces that were collected between October 1

, 201 4 and October 15

, 201 4 from Clean Cities c oordinators, fuel providers,

and other Clean Cities stakeholders.



# METHODOLOGY

 DOE requested that Clean Cities

c oordinators, fue l providers, and other key

stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their

area s on a voluntary basis

.

 Prices were collected for all major

alternative fuels currently in widespread

use , i.e. natural gas, propane, biodiesel, and

ethanol

.

 P rices were collected for conventional fuels

at stations that also sell alternative fuels , or

at nearby stations

.

 P rices from public and private refueling

stations are included. 1



###  Prices were then averaged to determine

regional price trends by fuel and variability

in fuel price within and among regions

. 2



###  C onsistent with the U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) fuel price

reporting format

, p rices are grouped by the

Petroleum Administration for Defense

Districts (PADD) ; the districts are

illustrated in the map at right.

T h is report’s prices represent retail, at

- the

- pump sales prices for each fuel, including f ederal and s tate motor fuel taxes

. In some cases,

prices were collected from government or utility refueling facilities and these taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean

Cities

. In these instances, although these users are not required to pay these taxes, the appropriate federal and state taxes were added to

the reported price s to provide a more representative basis for comparison

. In some cases, states may charge a flat annual fee for state

motor fuel taxes

, especially for gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liqu efied petroleum gas (LPG or propane )

. T hese flat fees are not considered in the prices reported in these pages.

1 

### Public refueling stations are open to the public, while private fueling stations are privately

- owned or available only to selected fleets.

2 

### Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received. A com parison of average

fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 13

- 14.

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 3 

# SUMMARY OF CU RRENT REPORT INFORMATION

Table 1 shows o verall nationwide average

prices for conventional and alternative fuels. 3



### As this table illustrates, alternative fuel prices

relative to conventional fuels vary, with some

( B20, B99

- B100 ) higher and some ( CNG,

E85 and propane) lower

. As shown in Table

2, o n an energy

- equivalent basis, CNG is

about $ 1. 18 less than gasoline . On a per

gallon basis, E85 is about $. 4 6 less than

gasoline

, and propane is about $. 26 less than

gasoline. B20 prices are higher than regular

diesel by about $. 0 4 per gallon , while

B99/B100 blends have a cost of about $. 44

per gallon more than regular diesel

. 4



### Relative to the last report from July 2014

, the

average prices for the liquid fuels ranged

from a decrease $. 03 per gallon for B99/B100 to a decrease of $. 36 per gallon for gasoline

. The gaseous fuel prices experienced a

de crease of $.0 1 per GGE for CNG and a n in crease of $. 01 per gallon for propane

. It should be noted that the price changes occur as a

result of a number of factors, including an actual change in price

, a slightly differing sample of prices (both location and quantity) , and

seasonal variations in demand

.

Prices in this report were collected and are reported in the units

in which they are typically sold (dollars per gallon or dollars

per gasoline gallon equivalent)

. Because these fuels have

differing energy contents per gallon, the price paid per unit of

energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per

gallon

. Table 2 shows the fuel prices from Table 1 for the

current reporting period normalize d to a price per gasoline

gallon equivalent (GGE)

, per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE)

, or per million British thermal units ( M B tu ) of energy

. This

calculation use s the nominal lower heating values in B TU s per

gallon of fuel f

rom the Oak Ridge National Labo ratory’s

Transportation Energy Data Book

. 5 

### P rices for the alternative

fuels in terms of price per gallon equivalent are generally

higher than their price per gallon because of their lower energy

content per gallon

. 6 

### H owever, consumer interest in alternative

fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less

than the conventional fuel price and as the price differential

per gallon increases, even if that differential does not directly

translate to savings on an energy

- equivalent basis.

Propane prices include information from both “primary” and “secondary” stations. Primary stations have dedicated vehicle ser vices

and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations, which mostly serve the propane tank a nd bottle market.

3 

### A very small sample ( 6 points) of hydrogen information was received: Two of the six locations for which data was received reported hydrogen at

zero cost for vehicle use , with an average price for the four other hydrogen stations of $ 8.96 per gasoline gallon equivalent

. 4 

### ASTM specifications now include blends of up to 5% biodiesel as regular diesel fuel ; therefore the separate listing for B2/B5 was di scontinued as of

October 2009

. 5 

### A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report.

6 

### For ethanol flexible

- fuel vehicles (FFVs) , the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated s imply on the

difference in energy content of the fuels, as some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy)

on E85 than on gasoline. This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the ma gnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model. Table 1 . Overall Average Fuel Prices *

Nationwide Average

Fuel Price

October 2014 Nationwide Average

Fuel Price

July 2014 Change in Price

July

– October

2014 Units of

Measurement

Gasoline (Regular) $3.34 $3.70 ($0.36) per gallon

Diesel $3.77 $3.91 ($0.14) per gallon

CNG $2.16 $2.17 ($0.01) per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $2.88 $3.23 ($0.35) per gallon

Propane ** $3.08 $3.07 $0.01 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $3.81 $3.98 ($0.17) per gallon

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) $4.21 $4.24 ($0.03) per gallon

*Includes private and public stations

**Includes primary and secondary stations



### Table 2. October 2014 Average Fuel Prices on Energy

- Equivalent Basis *

Nationwide

Average Price in

Gasoline Gallon

Equivalents

($/GGE) Nationwide

Average Price in

Diesel Gallon

Equivalents

($/DGE) Nationwide

Average Price in

Dollars per

Million Btu

($/MBtu)

Gasoline $3.34 $3.72 $28.93

Diesel $3.38 $3.77 $29.28

CNG $2.16 $2.40 $18.68

Ethanol (E85) $4.07 $4.54 $35.26

Propane ** $4.25 $4.74 $36.84

Biodiesel (B20) $3.48 $3.88 $30.15

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) $4.15 $4.63 $35.99

*Includes public and private stations

**Includes primary and secondary stations

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 4 

# GASOLINE AND DIESEL PRICES

Table 3 shows a verage prices for

gasoline and diesel as collected by

Clean Cities coordinators and other

stakeholders (supplemented where

necessary with other EIA reference

sources for conventional fuels).

These prices were collected from

refueling stations selling both

conventional fuels and alternative

fuels, and from conventional

refueling stations near alternative

fuel stations

. There were 5 52 price

points collected for gasoline and

4 25 for diesel . The average price

for gasoline rang ed from a low of

$ 2.98 per gallon i n the Gulf Coast

region to a high of $ 3. 61 per gallon

in the West Coast region

. Diesel

prices ranged from $ 3. 59 per

gallon i n the Gulf Coast region to $ 3.92 per gallon in the New England re gion

. Because prices for conventional fuels were collected

from stations and regions providing alternative fuel price information, data collection was not uniform across the regions of the

country

. However, t he information is representative of refueling st ations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels.

Table 4 shows average prices as provided by EIA on the petroleum

information section of its website

. 7 

### These prices are averages of prices

from a selection of 9 00 gasoline and 350 diesel retail fuel stations across

the country

. Note that EIA’s average nationwide price s match relatively

closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities stakeholders , with

a few exceptions . Prices differed by $. 0 7 or less for gasoline and diesel

in e ach region on a per gallon basis , with the exception of the New

England region , where EIA average prices differed by $. 22 per gallon for

gasoline and $.1 0 per gallon for diesel from the average prices reported by

Clean Cities stakeholders , and the Lower Atlantic and Midwest regions,

where EIA average prices for gasoline differed by $.08 and $.09 per

gallon, respectively . C omparisons in this document between conventional

and alternative fuel prices will be made using prices collected from Clean

Cities sour ces wherever possible, as these prices are most representative

of stations selling both conventional and alternative fuels.

7 

### http://www.eia.doe.gov/petroleum/ Table 3. Average Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Regular Gasoline Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price

/

Standard

Deviation of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price /

Standard

Deviation of Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.62 / 0.21 46 $3.91 / 0.19 43

Central Atlantic $3.51 / 0.19 31 $3.80 / 0.23 50

Lower Atlantic $3.35 / 0.19 54 $3.71 / 0.17 50

Midwest $3.38 / 0.24 170 $3.72 / 0.15 112

Gulf Coast $3.23 / 0.09 41 $3.65 / 0.13 23

Rocky Mountain $3.45 / 0.22 42 $3.85 / 0.15 29

West Coast $3.77 / 0.30 58 $4.06 / 0.28 56

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.46 / 0.27 442 $3.81 / 0.23 363



### Table 4. EIA Gasoline and Diesel Average Price s

Gasoline Average

Price from EIA,

Week of 10/13/14 Diesel Average

Price from EIA,

Week of 10/13/14

New England $3.35 $3.82

Central Atlantic $3.29 $3.78

Lower Atlantic $3.16 $3.64

Midwest $3.08 $3.64

Gulf Coast $3.01 $3.64

Rocky Mountain $3.34 $3.75

West Coast $3.54 $3.89

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.21 $3.70 

### Table 3. Average Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Regular Gasoline Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.57 30 $3.92 33

Central Atlantic $3.36 78 $3.85 81

Lower Atlantic $3.24 74 $3.66 74

Midwest $3.17 156 $3.62 74

Gulf Coast $2.98 17 $3.59 15

Rocky Mountain $3.33 81 $3.72 50

West Coast $3.61 116 $3.90 98

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.34 552 $3.77 425

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 5 

# COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO GASOLINE)

Table 5 shows a verage prices for

compressed natural gas (CNG)

for vehicle use

, grouped by

region

, as well as regular gasoline

prices

, as provided by Clean

Cities representatives

. These

prices were collected from across

the country from Clean Cities

c oordinators, fuel providers, and

other stakeholders on a voluntary

basis.

As Table 5 illustrates, CNG has a

lower average price than gasoline

for all regions of the country

, with the largest difference ($ 1. 4 2

per GGE ) being in the Rocky

Mountain region

. On average,

CNG costs about $ 1. 18 less than

gasoline on a per GGE basis

.

The map to the right illustrates price

differentials by state for natural gas relative to

gasoline, based on differentials between natural

gas and gasoline prices for each state ( as

opposed to the regional averages illustrated in

Table 5). In this map, negative numbers

represent prices for CNG lower than gasoline.

States not hi ghlighted with a color did not have

any CNG data points in the current report. As

the map illustrates, CNG prices (per GGE)

were favorable relative to gasoline in all states

for which pricing data was reported , with the

most favorable pricing found in Ala ska, Idaho,

Oregon, Utah and Wyoming.

Tech Note: Prices for CNG were provided by

the individual stakeholders in GGEs from the

“price at the pump.” It should be noted that the

internal conversion factor between the physical

quantities of gas delivered and GGE was not

collected from each of the refueling stations.

Regional differences in gas heat content

relative to the internal pump conversion factor

may change the price per GGE

, but this report did not determine these differences. Table 5 . Compressed Natural Gas and Gasoline Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Natural Gas (CNG) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/ GGE ) Regular Gasoline Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $2.61 28 $3.57 30

Central Atlantic $2.11 97 $3.36 78

Lower Atlantic $2.13 47 $3.24 74

Midwest $2.08 80 $3.17 156

Gulf Coast $2.03 45 $2.98 17

Rocky Mountain $1.91 106 $3.33 81

West Coast $2.41 126 $3.61 116

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.16 529 $3.34 552

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 6 

# COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO DIESEL) 8



### Table 6 shows a verage prices for

compressed natural gas (CNG)

for vehicle use, grouped by

region , as well as conventional

diesel fuel prices

, as provided by

Clean Cities representatives and

supplemental sources

. These

prices were collected from across

the country from Clean Cities

c oordinators, fuel providers, and

other stakeholders on a voluntary

basis

. T he CNG prices in Table 6

are based upon the same group of

prices as for Table 5, but

converted to a cost per DGE basis

instead of a cost per GGE , to

compare directly with diesel

prices

.

As Table 6 illustrates, CNG has a lower average price than diesel fo r all regions of the country, with the largest difference ($ 1. 59 per

DGE) being in t he Rocky Mountain region. On average, CNG costs about $ 1. 36 less than diesel on a per DGE basis.

The map to the right illustrates price

differentials by state for CNG relative to

diesel, based on differentials between CNG

prices and diesel prices for ea ch state ( as

opposed to the regional averages illustrated in

Table 6). In this map, negative numbers

represent prices for CNG lower than prices for

diesel. States not highlighted with a color did

not have any CNG data points in the current

report. As with the comparison to gasoline,

CNG prices relative to diesel were favorable

for all states for which pricing data was

reported

. Alaska, Arkansas, Utah and

Wyoming reported the most favorable pricing

for CNG relative to diesel.

8 

### A total of 39 liquefied natural gas (LNG) price points were collected with an average fuel price of $2.64 per DGE

. Because of the small number of

price points, this data is not reflected in the report. Table 6. Compressed Natural Gas and Diesel Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Natural Gas (CNG) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/ DGE ) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $2.91 28 $3.92 33

Central Atlantic $2.35 97 $3.85 81

Lower Atlantic $2.37 47 $3.66 74

Midwest $2.32 80 $3.62 74

Gulf Coast $2.27 45 $3.59 15

Rocky Mountain $2.13 106 $3.72 50

West Coast $2.69 126 $3.90 98

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.40 529 $3.77 425

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 7 

# ETHANOL (E85)

Table 7 shows a verage prices for

an 85% ethanol /15% gasoline

(E85) fuel blend , grouped by

region , as well as regular gasoline

prices

, as provided by Clean

Cities representatives

. These

prices were collected from across

the country from Clean Cities

c oordinators, fuel providers, and

other stakeholders on a voluntary

basis

.

As Table 7 illustrates, E85 has a

lower average price per gallon

than regular gasoline in all

regions of the country , except for

New England, where E85 was

$.07 per gallon more expensive

than gasoline

. T he largest

differential was $.5 3 per gallon in the Midwest region

. On average, E85 is about $.4 6 lower in price than regular gasoline on a per

gallon basis

.

T he map to the right illustrates price differentials

between E85 and regular gasoline by state, based

on differentials between E85 and gasoline prices

for each state ( as opposed to the regional

averages illustrated in Table 7). In this map,

negative numbers represent prices for E85 lower

than for gasoline, and positive numbers represent

prices for E85 higher than gasoline , on a per

gallon basis . States not highlighted with a color

did not have any E85 data points in the current

report

. As the map illustrates

, the state s with the

most favorable E85 pricing w ere Indiana, Iowa,

North Dakota and West Virginia

.

Tech Note: Ethanol (E85) contains about 30%

less energy (BTUs) per volume than gasoline.

Flexible fuel vehicles ( FFVs ) operating on E85

do not experience a loss in operational

performance, but may experience a 25

- 30%

decrease in miles driven per gallon compared to

operation on gasoline. The appendix at the end

of this report provides conversion factors for

calculating E85 prices on a GGE and DGE basis. For a side

- by

- side comparison of available flexible fuel and other alternatively

fueled vehicles, visit www.fueleconomy.gov

. Table 7. Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Ethanol (E85) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Regular Gasoline Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.64 2 $3.57 30

Central Atlantic $3.08 93 $3.36 78

Lower Atlantic $2.88 73 $3.24 74

Midwest $2.64 179 $3.17 156

Gulf Coast $2.74 54 $2.98 17

Rocky Mountain $2.93 63 $3.33 81

West Coast $3.21 81 $3.61 116

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.88 545 $3.34 552

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 8 

# PROPANE

Table 8 shows a verage prices for

propane for v ehicle use grouped

by region , as well as regular

gasoline prices

, as provided by

Clean Cities representatives

. These prices were collected from

across the country from Clean

Cities c oordinators, fuel

providers, and other stakeholders

on a voluntary basis

. Some

stations charge a different price

for propane used in vehicles

versus other uses . Where

provided, the vehicle price has

been included in this report.

As Table 8 illustrates, propane

prices are lower than gasoline in

all regions of the country on a per

- gallon basis with the exception of the Gulf Coast, where propane was .03 per gallon more

expensive . Overall, propane was about $. 26 per gallon less than gasoline

, with the largest average price differen tial of $

. 50 per gallon

found in the New England region

. P ropane p rices in this report are from both private fleet refueling sta tions and public refueling sites

that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses

. 9



### The map to the right illustrates price

differentials between propane and regular

gasoline on a per

- gallon basis, based on

differentials between propane and gasoline

prices for each state ( as opposed to the regional

averages illustrated in Table 8 ). In this map,

negative numbers represent prices for propane

lower than gasoline, and positive numbers

represent propane prices higher than gasoline.

States not highlighted with a color did not have

any propane data points in the current report

. As the map illustra tes, t he most favorable

prices were found in Alabama, Delaware,

Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin

.

Tech Note: Propane contains about 25% less

energy (BTUs) per volume than gasoline and

about 35% less energy (BTUs) per volume than

diesel. The append ix at the end of this report

provides conversion factors for calculating

propane prices on a GGE and DGE basis.

9 

### Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non

- vehicle uses (camping stoves, gas grills, etc.), the N ational R enewable E nergy L aboratory

(NREL) has worked with s uppliers to clarify the differences. On the AFDC Station Locator website (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations/)

each public propane station is designated as a "primary" or "secondary" service type. Both types are able to fuel vehicles. H owever, sta tions

designated as "primary" have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customer s. They may also offer

special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards, similar to traditional gasoline/diesel ret ailers. Propane pricing reported in this guide

reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations. Table 8. Propane and Gasoline Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Propane Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Regular Gasoline Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.07 22 $3.57 30

Central Atlantic $3.09 54 $3.36 78

Lower Atlantic $3.06 101 $3.24 74

Midwest $3.05 48 $3.17 156

Gulf Coast $3.01 63 $2.98 17

Rocky Mountain $2.95 69 $3.33 81

West Coast $3.21 111 $3.61 116

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.08 468 $3.34 552

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 9 

# BIODIESEL BLENDS: B20

Table 9 shows a verage prices for

B20, a 20% biodiesel / 80% diesel

fuel blend , grouped by region

, as

well as regular diesel prices

, as

provided by Clean Cities

representatives

. These prices

were collected from across the

country from Clean Cities

c oordinators, fuel providers, and

other stakeholders on a voluntary

basis

.

As Table 9 illustrates, prices for

B20 are between $.0 1 and $.1 7

per gallon higher than

conventional diesel fuel in five

regions , and $. 07 and $. 12 per

gallon less than conventional

diesel fuel in two regions , the

Central Atlantic and New England , respectively

. On average in the U.S., biodiese l in a B20 blend costs about $.0 4 more per gallon

than conventional diesel fuel

, based on current information

.

The map to the right illustrates price

differentials between B20 and diesel on a per

gallon basis, based on differentials between

B20 and diesel prices for each state ( as opposed

to the regional averages illustrated in Table 9).

In this map, negative numbers represent prices

for B20 lower than diesel, and positive

numbers represent B20 prices higher than

diesel. States not highlighted with a color did

not have any B20 data points in the current

report. B20 had the most favorable pricing (per

gallon) in the West Coast and Lower Atlantic

regions.

Tech Note: B20 contains only about 2% less

energy (BTUs) per volume than diesel. The

appendix at the end of this report provides

conversion factors for calculating B20 prices

on a GGE and DGE basis. Table 9 . Biodiesel (B20) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B20) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price/ Standard

Deviation of Price Approximate

Number of

Stations Average Price/ Standard

Deviation of Price Approximate

Number of Stations

New England $3.92 / 0.19 13 $3.91 / 0.19 43

Central Atlantic $3.92 / 0.27 20 $3.80 / 0.23 50

Lower Atlantic $3.77 / 0.20 14 $3.71 / 0.17 50

Midwest $3.73 / 0.20 37 $3.72 / 0.15 112

Gulf Coast $3.74 / 0.24 6 $3.65 / 0.13 23

Rocky Mountain $4.03 / 0.14 18 $3.85 / 0.15 29

West Coast $4.10 / 0.50 40 $4.06 / 0.28 56

NATIONAL

AVERAGE $3.91 / 0.34 148 $3.81 / 0.23 363 

### Table 9 . Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B20) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.80 8 $3.92 33

Central Atlantic $3.78 33 $3.85 81

Lower Atlantic $3.68 26 $3.66 74

Midwest $3.64 35 $3.62 74

Gulf Coast $3.62 6 $3.59 15

Rocky Mountain $3.89 14 $3.72 50

West Coast $3.98 62 $3.90 98

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.81 184 $3.77 425

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 10 

# BIODIESEL BLENDS: B 99 / B 100

Table 10 shows a verage prices

for high

- level blends of biodiesel

(99% or 100% biodiesel with

diesel fuel), grouped by region

, as well as regular diesel prices

, as

provided by Clean Cities

representatives

. These price s

were collected from across the

country from Clean Cities

c oordinators, fuel providers, and

other stakeholders on a voluntary

basis

.

T he price of B99/B100 is higher

than the price of diesel fuel on a

per gallon basis in five of the

regions for which data w as

collected

, ranging from $. 35 per

gallon higher in the Gulf Coast

region to $1. 61 per gallon higher in the C entral Atlantic region . In the New England and Midwest regions, prices for B99/B100 were

lower than conventional diesel, by $. 2 2 and $. 20 per gallon , respectively. On average across the nation, the price of B99/B100 is about

$. 4 4 per gallon higher than the price of regular diesel

.

The map to the right illustrates price differentials

between high

- level biodiesel blends and regular

diesel on a per

- gallon basis, based on differentials

between biodiesel and diesel prices for each state

( as opposed to the regional averages illustrated in

Table 10). In this map, negative numbers represent

prices for these blends that are lower than diesel,

and positive numbers represent prices for these

blends that are higher than diesel. States not

highlighted with a color did not have any high

level biodiesel blend data points in the current

report

. Where data was available for this report,

prices for B99/B100 (per gallon) were most

favorable in Nebraska and Missouri.

Tech Note: B100 contains about 10% less energy

(BTUs) per volume than diesel. The appendix at

the end of this report provides conversion factors

for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE

basis. Table 10. Biodiesel (B99 / B100) and Diesel Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B99

/ B100) Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price Number of Data

Points Average Price Number of Data

Points

New England $3.70 3 $3.92 33

Central Atlantic $5.45 5 $3.85 81

Lower Atlantic $4.03 18 $3.66 74

Midwest $3.42 4 $3.62 74

Gulf Coast $3.93 3 $3.59 15

Rocky Mountain $4.10 6 $3.72 50

West Coast $4.35 25 $3.90 98

NATIONAL AVERAGE $4.21 64 $3.77 425

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 11 

# COMPARISON OF PRICES OF THIS REPORT VERSUS LAST REPORT

Table 11

, below

, summarizes the average prices collected for this report by region, and compares them to prices collected in the Price

Report from October , 2014

. It should be noted that a portion of the price changes could be attributed to differing sample sizes and

locations between the two reports.

Table 11. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report

Price for October 2014 Period Price for July 201 4 Period Price Differential

October vs. July

Gasoline ($ per gallon) National Average $3.34 $3.70 ($0.36) / (10%)

New England $3.57 $3.94 ($0.3 7 ) / (9%)

Central Atlantic $3.36 $3.70 ($0.34) / (9%)

Lower Atlantic $3.24 $3.54 ($0.3 0 ) / (8%)

Midwest $3.17 $3.61 ($0.4 4 ) / (12%)

Gulf Coast $2.98 $3.46 ($0.48) / (14%)

Rocky Mountain $3.33 $3.59 ($0.26) / (7%)

West Coast $3.61 $3.94 ($0.3 3 ) / ( 8 %)

Diesel ($ per gallon) National Average $3.77 $3.91 ($0.14) / (4%)

New England $3.92 $4.11 ($0. 19 ) / (5%)

Central Atlantic $3.85 $3.91 ($0.06) / (2%)

Lower Atlantic $3.66 $3.82 ($0.16) / (4%)

Midwest $3.62 $3.82 ($0.2 0 ) / (5%)

Gulf Coast $3.59 $3.77 ($0.1 8 ) / (5%)

Rocky Mountain $3.72 $3.82 ($0. 10 ) / (2%)

West Coast $3.90 $4.04 ($0.14) / (3%)

Compressed Natural Gas ($ per GGE) National Average $2.16 $2.17 ($0.01) / (1%)

New England $2.61 $2.51 $0.1 0 / 4%

Central Atlantic $2.11 $2.24 ($0.13) / (6%)

Lower Atlantic $2.13 $2.00 $0.1 3 / 7 %

Midwest $2.08 $2.09 ($0.01) / (1%)

Gulf Coast $2.03 $2.08 ($0.05) / (2%)

Rocky Mountain $1.91 $1.92 ($0.01) / 0%

West Coast $2.41 $2.42 ($0.01) / 0%

Ethanol (E85) ($ per gallon) National Average $2.88 $3.23 ($0.35) / (11%)

New England $3.64 $3.84 ($0.2 0 ) / (5%)

Central Atlantic $3.08 $3.34 ($0.2 6 ) / (8%)

Lower Atlantic $2.88 $3.21 ($0.33) / (10%)

Midwest $2.64 $3.04 ($0.4 0 ) / (13%)

Gulf Coast $2.74 $3.14 ($0.4 0 ) / (13%)

Rocky Mountain $2.93 $3.23 ($0.3 0 ) / (9%)

West Coast $3.21 $3.59 ($0.38) / (11%)

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 12 Table 11. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report

Price for O ctober 2014 Period Price for July 2014 Period Price Differential

October vs. July

Propane ($ per gallon) National Average $3.08 $3.07 $0.01 / 0%

New England $3.07 $3.00 $0.07 / 2%

Central Atlantic $3.09 $3.05 $0.04 / 1%

Lower Atlantic $3.06 $2.95 $0.1 1 / 4 %

Midwest $3.05 $3.08 ($0.0 3 ) / (1%)

Gulf Coast $3.01 $3.10 ($0.0 9 ) / (3%)

Rocky Mountain $2.95 $3.02 ($0.0 7 ) / (2%)

West Coast $3.21 $3.16 $0.05 / 1%

Biodiesel (B20) ($ per gallon) National Average $3.81 $3.98 ($0.17) / (4%)

New England $3.80 $4.00 ($0.2 0 ) / (5%)

Central Atlantic $3.78 $3.99 ($0.2 1 ) / (5%)

Lower Atlantic $3.68 $3.89 ($0.21) / (5%)

Midwest $3.64 $3.78 ($0.1 4 ) / (4%)

Gulf Coast $3.62 $3.81 ($0. 19 ) / (5%)

Rocky Mountain $3.89 $3.96 ($0.07) / (2%)

West Coast $3.98 $4.14 ($0.16) / (4%)

Biodiesel (B99

/ B100) ($ per gallon) National Average $4.21 $4.24 ($0.03) / (1%)

New England $3.70 $3.73 ($0.03) / (1%)

Central Atlantic $5.45 $5.26 $0.19 / 4%

Lower Atlantic $4.03 $4.11 ($0.08) / (2%)

Midwest $3.42 $3.59 ($0.17) / (5%)

Gulf Coast $3.93 $3.70 $0.23 / 6%

Rocky Mountain $4.10 $3.98 $0.12 / 3%

West Coast $4.35 $4.39 ($0.04) / (1%)

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 13 

# COMPARISON OF PRICES BY REGION FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE REFUELING STATIONS

Table 1 2

, below

, summarizes the comparison of fuel prices included in this report, separated into averages for privately

- owned

stations or stations available only to selected fleets (private refueling stations) and stations open to the public (pub lic refueling

stations). Private fleet fueling stations can typically negotiate prices lower than retail public stations, if they are willi ng to commit to

purchasing large quantities of fuel over an extended period of time. However, private fleet pricing c an sometimes be higher than retail

public stations if there are unusual circumstances (remote locations, sites that use very small quantities of fuel, or specia l contracts

where unique billing

, accounting

, or fleet service management fees are rolled into t he price of the fuel).

As with the other prices in this report, all of these averages are prices with state and federal taxes included, using the pr otocols

outlined at the beginning of this document.

Table 12. Comparison of Prices by Fuel Type, Region, a nd Station Type

Private Refueling Station Average

Price Public Refueling Station Average

Price

Gasoline ($/gallon) National Average $3.38 $3.33

New England $3.42 $3.60

Central Atlantic $3.33 $3.36

Lower Atlantic $3.20 $3.24

Midwest $2.94 $3.18

Gulf Coast $

--

. -- $2.98

Rocky Mountain $3.37 $3.33

West Coast $3.62 $3.60

Diesel ($/gallon) National Average $3.70 $3.78

New England $3.73 $3.96

Central Atlantic $3.71 $3.96

Lower Atlantic $3.16 $3.67

Midwest $3.18 $3.63

Gulf Coast $

--

. -- $3.59

Rocky Mountain $3.53 $3.73

West Coast $3.81 $3.91

Natural Gas (CNG) ($/GGE) National Average $1.85 $2.26

New England $2.15 $2.76

Central Atlantic $1.83 $2.38

Lower Atlantic $1.57 $2.18

Midwest $2.06 $2.08

Gulf Coast $1.70 $2.07

Rocky Mountain $1.76 $2.02

West Coast $2.05 $2.46

Ethanol (E85) ($/gallon) National Average $2.95 $2.87

New England $

--

. -- $3.64

Central Atlantic $3.01 $3.08

Lower Atlantic $3.04 $2.87

Midwest $2.50 $2.64

Gulf Coast $3.21 $2.72

Rocky Mountain $2.89 $2.93

West Coast $3.14 $3.21

Propane ($/gallon) National Average $2.13 $3.15

New England $2.83 $3.09

Central Atlantic $1.93 $3.42

Lower Atlantic $

--

. -- $3.06

Midwest $2.01 $3.12

Gulf Coast $1.64 $3.19

Rocky Mountain $1.82 $2.97

West Coast $2.86 $3.23

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 14 Table 12. Comparison of Prices by Fuel Type, Region, a nd Station Type

Private Refueling Station Average

Price Public Refueling Station Average

Price

Biodiesel (B20) ($/gallon) National Average $3.79 $3.82

New England $3.82 $3.78

Central Atlantic $3.71 $3.93

Lower Atlantic $3.64 $3.68

Midwest $3.65 $3.63

Gulf Coast $3.57 $3.63

Rocky Mountain $3.70 $3.92

West Coast $4.04 $3.97

Biodiesel (B99/B100) ($/gallon) National Average $4.44 $4.20

New England $

--

. -- $3.70

Central Atlantic $

--

. -- $5.45

Lower Atlantic $4.25 $4.02

Midwest $

--

. -- $3.42

Gulf Coast $4.43 $3.68

Rocky Mountain $4.20 $4.08

West Coast $4.89 $4.32

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 15 

# HISTORICAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES FROM PREVIOUS REPORTS

The graphs on this page illustrate the historical prices for the alternative fuels included in these reports (specifically na tural gas,

propane, ethanol (E85) , and biodiesel) relative to gasoline and diesel. These graphs include prices collected as part of the current Price

Report activity, which began in September 2005. Natural gas (in GGE), propane, and ethanol (E85) have been grap hed against

gasoline prices, while natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel have been graphed against diesel prices.

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 16 

# ILLUSTRATION OF CONVERSION FACTORS FOR FUELS

The standard lower heating values for fuels from the Transportation Energy Data B ook 30 are listed below.

Lower Heating Value

Gasoline 115,400 BTU/gal

Diesel 128,700 BTU/gal

Compressed Natural Gas 960 BTU/cubic foot

Ethanol 75,70 0 BTU/gal

Propane 83,500 BTU/gal

Biodiesel 117,093 BTU/gal



### Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars per

gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) are illustrated

below, and were developed using the lower heating

values outlined above

. The conversion factors are

derived in the manner shown in the graphic to the

right.

In the case of CNG, prices are provid ed to us in

GGE, so no conversion is necessary (the

representative heating value of CNG is provided

above as a reference)

. To convert a price from

dollars per gallon to dollars per GGE , multiply the

price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the

conversio n factor.

Conversion factor to

GGE

CNG 1.00

Ethanol (E85) 1.41

Propane 1.38

Biodiesel (B20) 0.91

Biodiesel (B100) 0.99



### Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) are illustrated below, and were developed using

the lower heating values outlined above

. To convert a price from dollars per gallon to dollars per DGE , multiply the price per gallon of

the alternative fuel by the conversion factor.

Conversion factor to

DGE

CNG (in GGE) 1. 12

Ethanol (E85) 1.5 8

Propane 1. 54

Biodiesel (B20) 1.02

Biodiesel (B100) 1.10

## Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report October 2014

Page 17 

# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for th is

report ; we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report. The authors would also like to acknowledge t he

continued support of DOE for developing this report.



# WOULD YOU LIKE TO PARTICIPATE?

If you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this r eport, or if you

have any questions, please contact:

U.S. DOE, Clean Cities



## EE

- 3V

1000 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, D.C. 2 0585

Phone: (202) 586

- 6459

afpr @nwttech.com

DISCLAIMER

This document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereo f,

nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,

completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would no t infringe

privately owned rights. Reference herein to any speci fic commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,

manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S.

Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of a uthors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the

U.S. Government or any agency thereof.