Terrestrial Impact 

StructuresA Bibliography 

1965-68 

By JACQUELYN H. FREEBERG 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1320 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-650225 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents paper cover 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract--------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Introduction______________________________________________________ 1 

Seria~----------------------------------------------------------- 2 

Bibliography______________________________________________________ 3· 

Distribution and general characteristics of impact structures_________ 3: 

Impact sites___________________________________________________ 12: 

Agnak Island Ora ters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Z 

Aouelloul Crater___________________________________________ 12 

Arn Valley Craters________________________________________ 12 

Barringer Crater__________________________________________ 12 

Bass Strait_______________________________________________ 13 

Boxhole Crater____________________________________________ 14 

Brent Crater______________________________________________ 14 

Butare Crater _______________________________________ ------ 14 

Campo del Cielo Craters----------------------------------- 14 

Carswell Lake structure _________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Chassenon Crater__________________________________________ 15 

Clearwater Lakes___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Colluma Crater_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Crestone Crater___________________________________________ 16 

Crooked Creek structure __ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Decaturville disturbance____________________________________ 16 

Deep Bay________________________________________________ 16 

Dirranbandi Craters_______________________________________ 16 

Dzhausov Craters----------------------------------------- 17 

Flynn Creek structure______________________________________ 17 

Freetown complex_______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 

Gosses Bluff______________________________________________ 18 

Gulf of St. Lawrence arc____________________________________ 19 

IIenbury Craters------------------------------------------ 19 

IIolleford Crater ___________________________________ -------- 19 

Jeptha Knob structure_____________________________________ 20 

Kaalij arv Craters__________________________________________ 20 

Ka-imu-hoku ____________________________________ .. _ _ _ _ ___ _ 20 

Kentland structure _______________________________ --------- 20 

Kilmichael structure_______________________________________ 20 

Kofels site________________________________________________ 20 

Lac Chatelain_____________________________________________ 20 

Lac Couture______________________________________________ 20 

Lake Bosumtwi___________________________________________ 21 

Lake H ummeln _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Lake Lappajarvi__________________________________________ 22 

Lake ~ien________________________________________________ 22 

III 
IV CONTENTS 

Bibliography-Continued 

Impact sites-Continued Page 

Lake Siljan_______________________________________________ 23 

LonarLake_______________________________________________ 23 

Malbaie structure_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

Manicouagan-Mushalagan Lakes area________________________ 23 

Mecatina Crater___________________________________________ 24 

Merewether Crater---------------------------------------- 24 

Middlesboro Basin_________________________________________ 24 

Monturaqui Crater________________________________________ 24 

N astapoka Islands arc_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

New Quebec Crater________________________________________ 25 

Nicholson Lake___________________________________________ 25 

Odessa Craters____________________________________________ 25 

Patomskii Crater ___________________________________ -----__ 25 

Pilot Lake________________________________________________ 25 

Pretoria Salt Pan___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 

Puchezh-Katunki Crater___________________________________ 25 

Richat Crater_____________________________________________ 26 

Rieskessel------------------------------------------------ 26 Roter Kamm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 

Serpent Mound structure___________________________________ 30 

Sierra Madera structure ___________________________ -----____ 30 

Sikhote-Alin Craters_______________________________________ 31 

Socotra Crater____________________________________________ 31 

Steen River structure______________________________________ 31 

Steinheim Basin__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 

Sudbury Basin____________________________________________ 31 

Tenourner Crater__________________________________________ 32 

Tibesti Crater_____________________________________________ 32 

Tunguska event_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 

Versailles structure__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 

Vredefort structure________________________________________ 34 

VVabar Craters-------------------------------------------- 34 

VV ells Creek structure ______ ----- ____ -------________________ 34 

VV est Hawk Lake ____ ----- _______________ ------____________ 35 

VVoli Creek Crater----------------------------------------- 35 

AuthorindeX----------------------------------------------------- 37 
TERRES1RIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES-A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 

1965-68 

By JACQUELYN H. FREEBERG 

ABSTRACT 

This bibliography on impact structures supplements U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 1220 by citing literature r~blished or reviewed since 1964. It adds 17 new 

structures to the list of 110 previously considered. It is organized in the same 

manner as Bulletin 1220. 

INTRODUCTION 

U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1220 cited literature published to 

the end of 1964 and relating to the impact origin of 110 structures; this 

supplement cites literature published or reviewed since 1964, extends 

discussion of those structures, and adds 17 new sites to the list. 

No attempt is made here to categorize the new structures or redefine 

the old ones, since there is little new in the way of positive identification 

and since current definitions of shock phenomena as criteria are adequately summarized elsewhere (Short, refs. 60, 61, 64). The bibliography does effectively eliminate from future consideration three structures: Crestone Crater, Socotra Crater and l{a-imu-hoku. Merri,v·ell 

Lake is removed, having been a misnomer for ~ferewether Crater 

(~f. R. Dence, written commun., 1966). 

Increasing interest in the problems of cratering and meteoritics has 

motivated several ta:llies of craterform structures, notably by Barringer (ref. 4), Monod (ref. 51), and O'Connell (ref. 52). The latter 

two include sites not mentioned in this bibliography other than in the 

annotations for the citation; they should not go unmentioned in a list 

of impact structures, but there is no recent literature on them. :1\tfonod's 

suggestions, based on aerial photographs and his own work in Africa, 

are 1nostly yet unstudied in the field; his catalog also includes speculations by Gallant (ref. 37). 

This supplement is organized in the same manner as the basic bibliography in Freeberg (ref. 35). However, coordinates are given only for 

sites introduced into the bibliography for the first time; the list of 

serial abbreviations supplements that given previously. 

1 
2 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 196,5-68 

SERIAI .. S 

The following list supplements that given in U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 1220, by including form of citation, with complete title, for 

serials cited here for the first time. 

Acad. Royale Belgique Bull. Cl. Sci.-Academie Royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la 

Classe des Sciences. Brussels, Belgium. 

Am. Midland Naturalist-American Midland Naturalist. University of Notre 

Dame. Notre Dame, Ind. 

Astron. Vestnik-Astronomicheskiy Vestnik. V sesoiuznoe Astronomo-Geodezicheskoe Obshchestvo. Moscow, U.S.S.R. 

Australia Bur. Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics Record-Australia 

Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Record. Canberra, 

A. C. T., Australia. 

Beitr. l\Iineralogie u. Petrographie-Beitrage zur Mineralogic und Petrographie. 

Berlin, Germany. 

Canada Geol. Survey Prelim. Ser. Mav-Ganada Geological Survey Preliminary 

Series ::\lap. Ottawa. Ontario, Gannua. 

Canadian Jour. Earth Sci.-Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. National Research Council, Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 

Canadian ::\lining and Metall. BulL-Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin. Canadian Institution of Mining and :Metallurgy. Montreal, Quebec, 

Canada. 

Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology-Contributions to :\1ineralogy and Petrology. 

Beitrage fiir Mineralogie und Petrologie. Berlin, Germany, and New York, 

N.Y. 

Dissert. Abs.-Dissertation Abstracts. Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters-Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 

Frontiers-Frontiers. A Magazine of Natural History. Academy of Natural 

Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pa. 

Geol. Bavarica-Geologica Bavarica. Bayerisches Geologischen Landesamt. Munich, Germany. 

Geologie en Mijnbouw-Geologie en Mljnbouw. Kon:inklijk ~ederlands Geologischl\Iijnbouwkundig Genootschap. The Hague, Netherlands. 

GeoSci. Xews-GeoScience News. Pasadena, Calif. 

Geotektonika-Geotektonika. Akademiya Nauk SSSR Geologicheskiy Institut. 

~loscow, U.S.S.R. 

Icarus-Icarus. International journal of the solar system. Academic p,ress. New 

York, N.Y. 

Indian Geophys. Union Jour.-lndian Geophysical Union, Journal. Hyderabad, 

India. 

Inst. Fran~ais d'Afrique Noire Cat. Doc.-Institut FranQais d'Afrique Noire 

Catalogue et Document. Paris, France. 

Jour. Geol. Education-Journal of Geological Education. National Association 

of Geology Teachers. Pinceton, N.J. 

Karl-Marx-Univ. Leipzig Wiss. Zeitschr., Math.-Naturw. Reihe-Karl-MarxUniwrsitat, Leipzig, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe. Leipzig, Germany. 

Missouri Div. Geol. Survey and Water Resources Rept. Inv.-Missouri Division 

of Geological Survey and Water Resources Report of Investigations. Rolla, 

Mo. 
SERIALS 3 

Nature and Sci.-Nature and Science. Published for the American Museum of 

Natural History by the Natural History Press. Garden City, N.Y. 

Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh.-Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie Monatshefte. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany. 

New York Acad. Sci. Annals-New York Academy of Sciences, Annals. New 

York, N.Y. 

Oberhessischen Gesell. Natur- u. Heilkunde Giessen Ber., Naturw. Abt.-Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunde zu Giessen, Bericht, 

Naturwissenschaftllche Abteilung. Giessen, Germany. 

Ohio Jour. Sci.-Ohio Journal of Science. Ohio State University and Ohio Academy of Science. Columbus, Ohio. 

Rand Corporation Paper-Rand Corporation Paper. Rand Corporation. Santa 

Monica, Cant. 

Soc. Geol. France Bull.-Societe Geologique de France, Bulletin. Paris, France. 

Sveriges Geol. Undersokning Arsb.-Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning Arsbok. 

Stockholm, Sweden. 

Tectonophysics.-Tectonophysics. Amsterdam, Nether lands. 

Tennessee Acad. Sci. Jour.-Tennessee Academy of Sciences, Journal. Nashville, Tenn. 

Tennessee Div. Geology Geol. MapTennessee Div. Geology Inf. Oirc.-

Tennessee Division of Geology, Geologic Map ana Information Circular. 

Nashville, Tenn. 

TISCO-Tata Iron and Steel Co. Jamshedpur, India. 

u.s. Natl. Aeronautics and Space Adm. Tech. Note-U.S. National Aeronautics 

and Space Administration Technical Note. Washin~ton, D.O. 

Zeitschr. Geophysik-Zeitschrift fur Geophysik. Deutsche Geophysikalische 

Gesellschaft. 'Viirzburg, Germany. 

Zhur. Teknicheskoi Fiziki-Zhurnal Teknicheskoi Fiziki. Moscow, U.S.S.R. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

DISTRIBUTION AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPACT 

STRUCTURES 

Ref. 

1 Aitken, F. K., and Gold, D. P., 1968, The structural state of potash feldspar-a possible criterion for meteorite impact?, in French, Bevan, and 

Sho·rt, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., l\fono Book Corp., p. 519-530. 

Optical properties of K-feldspar from rocks surrounding some cryptoexplosion structures var>y from high 2V to isotropic, with intermediate 

stages, and may represent zones oif shock and (or) thermal metamorphism. 

Samples from Brent, New Quebec, Holleford, Lac Couture, Pretoria Salt 

Pan, and Vredefort '!Ue being examined. 

2 Amstutz, G. 0., 1965, A morphological comparison of diagenetic cone-incone structures and shatter cones, in Geological problems in lunar 

research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 1050-1056. 

Illustrations include cones from Orooked Greek. 
4 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-68 

Ref. 

3 Amstutz, G. C., 1965, Tectonic and petrographic observations on polygonal 

structures in Missouri, in Geological problems in lunar research : New 

York Aead. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 876-894. 

The geotectonic location of the polygonal patterns of Missouri is that of 

intersection points of two fault patterns. The Crooked Creek and Decaturville structures fit into the pattern of periodic fault and fold pattern of 

rigid diapiric structures. 

4 Barringer, R. W., 1967, World's meteorite craters (",astroblemes"), Version VII, February 1967: Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 3, p. 151-157. 

Tables of 31 meteorite craters, 40 suspected astroblemes, and 12 large 

fall sites are given here; location, size, and proof or evidence of impact 

are included. 

5 Beals, C. S., 1965, The identification of ancient craters, in Geological problems in lunar research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 

904-914; reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory Contr., v. 6, no. 

25,11 p. 

The author discusses difficulties in identifying origins; no single theory 

can be applied to all circular structures. 

6 Beals, C. S., and Halliday, Ian, 1965, Impact cvaters of the Earth and 

Moon: Royal Astron. Soc. Canada Jour., v. 59, no. 5, p. 199-216; reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory Contr., v. 4, no. 19, 18 p.; 

reprinted in 1967, with revisions, in Royal Astron. Soc. Canada Jour., 

v.61,no.5,p.295-313. 

Twelve structures being investigated by the Dominion Observatory team 

are reviewed. 

7 Bohn, Ernst, and Stober, ·werner, 1966, Coesit und Stischowit als isolierte 

natiirliche Mineralien [Coesite and stishovite as isolated natural 

minerals]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1966, p. 89-96. 

8 Brett, Robin, 1967, Metallic spherules in impactite and tektite glasses: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, no. 3, p. 721-733. 

Spherules from Meteor Or,ater and Wabar impactites were analyzed 

with the electron microprobe and compared for nickel and iron content 

with pbilippinites and indochinite tektites. 

9 Bucher, W. H., 1965, The largest so-called meteorite scars in three continents as demonstrably tied to major terrestrial structures, in Geological problems in lunar rese~arch: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, 

art.2,p.897-903. 

The Wells Creek, Ries, and Vredefort structures 'are so closely associated with deep-seated phenomena that the presence of shatter cones or 

coesite alone must not be accepted as sufficient evidence for impact. 

10 Bunch, T. E., 1966, A study of shock-induced microstructures and solid 

state transformations of several minerals from explosion craters; Pittsburgh Univ., Pennsylvania, Ph. D. thesis, 175 p.; available from Uni-
Ref. 

DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURES 5 

versity Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; abstract in 1967 in Dissert. Abs., 

v.27,no.8B,p.2804B. 

Structurally disordered plagioclase and quartz and unique deformation 

microstructures from explosives craters are considered definitive criteria 

for shock deformation. 

11 Bunch, T. E., Cohen, A. J., and Dence, M. R., 1968, Shock-induced structural 

disorder in plagioclase and quartz, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., 

eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono 

Book Corp., p. 509-518. 

Maskelynite, an amorphous solid-state transformation product resulting 

from shock-induced structural disordering of plagioclase, occur:s in the 

Clearwater Lakes, Manicouagan and Ries Craters, and the Sedan nuclear 

crater. 

12 Bunch, T. E., Cohen, A. J., and Dence, M. R., 1967, Natural te.rrestrial 

maskelynite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 244-253 ; reprinted in 

Ottawa Dominion Observatory Contr., v. 7, no. 25, p. 244-253. 

Maskelynite is found in rocks of the central peaks of Manicouagan and 

Clearwater West Lakes. 

13 Carter, N. L., 1965, Basal quartz deformation lamellae-a criterion for 

recognition of impactites: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 263, no. 9, p. 786-806. 

Quartz deformation lamellae oriented to the basal (0001) plane have been 

discove.red in specimens from the Vredefort, Barringer, and Clearwater 

Lakes sites; they provide a definitive criterion for recognition of meteorite 

impact sites. Planar fractures and cleavages in quartz may also be useful. 

14 Carter, N. L., 1967, Impact and impactites: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 

v.48,no.2,p.693-696. 

15 Chao, E. C. T., 1966, Impact metamorphism, in Astrogeologic studies annual 

progress report, July 1, 1965, to July 1, 196,6, pt. B: U.S. Geol. Survey 

open-file rept., p. 135-168. 

Metamorphism in the Wabar, Barringer, Ries, Bosumtwi, and He,nbury 

sites is touched upon; for a published report similar in nature to this, see 

ref.17. 

16 Chao, E. C. T., 1967, Impact metamorphism, in Researches in geochemistry: 

New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., v. 2, p. 204-233. 

The increasing degree of impact metamorphism in sandstone around 

Meteor, Henbury, and Wabar Craters is described. Photomicrographs of a 

granite gneiss around Ries Basin show various degrees of impact metamorphism. Characteristics of phase transition and mineral reactions are described and tabulated. 

17 Chao, E. C. T., 1967, Shock effects in certain rock-forming minerals: Science, 

v.156,no.3773,p.192-202. 

This, a general report on shock metamorphism, includes findings of the 

author on specimens from the Ries Basin, Lake Bosumtwi, and the Barringer, Henbury, Wabar, and Aouelloul Craters. 
6 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 196·5-68 

Ref. 

18 Chao, E. C. T., 1968, Pressure and temperature histories of impact metamorphosed rocks-based on petrographic observations, irn French, 

Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 135-158. 

Major objectives of the study of meteorite impact metamorphism are 

outlined; an example of metamorphism is illustrated by a suite of granite 

gneisses from the, Ries. 

19 Cohenour, R. E., and Sharp, B. J., 1968, The impact theory-a,steroids and 

the earth-moon sy.stem: GeoSci. News, v. 1, no. 3, p. 9-11, 32-34. 

20 Currie, K. L., 1965, Analogues of lunar craters on the Canadian Shield, in 

Geological problems in lunar research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, 

v.123, art. 2, p. 915-940. 

This paper describes, and speculates on the origin of, some 13 craterlike 

objects found in the Canadian Shield by Dominion Observatory researchers. 

21 Currie, K. L., and Shafiquallah, l\f., 1968, Geochemi·stry of some large 

Canadian craters: Nature, v. 218, no. 5140, p. 457-459. 

Rock samples from four locations have been analyzed: East Clearwater, 

West Clearwater, Carswell, and Manicouagan. 

22 Dachille, Frank, Gigl, Paul, and Simons, P. Y., 1968, Experimental and 

analytical studies of crystalline damage useful for the recognition of 

impact structures, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock 

metamorphism of natuml materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., 

p. 555-570. 

Specimen crystals were examined from shatter cones, meteoritic craters, 

volcanic and metamorphic rocks, atomic and chemical explosion sites, and 

elsewhere. 

23 Deuce, M. R., 1965, The extraterrestrial origin of Canadian craters, in 

Geological problems in lunar research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, 

v. 123, <art. 2, p. 941-969; reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory 

Contr., v. 6, no.ll, p. 941-969. 

The author illustrates the distribllition and age of Canadian Shield cra,ters 

in relation to major tectonic provinces. Brent and New Quebec are discussed 

as structurally simple craters; Clearwater, Carswell, and Manicouagan, as 

more complex structures. 

24 Dence, M. R., 1968, Shock ~oning at Canadian craters-Petrography and 

structural ·implications, in French, Bevan, and Short, N.M., eds., Shock 

metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., 

p.169-184. 

Quartz and feldspars have proved the most useful minerals in establishing zones of deformation ascribed to shock at Canadian craters. Three zones 

are recognized; possible correlation of the zones with experimental Hugoniot data 'are discussed. 

25 Dietz, R. S., 1965, Astroblemes, lunar craters, and maria, in Geological 

problems in lunar research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, 

p. 895-896. 
DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURES 7 

Ref. 

26 Dietz, R. S., 1966, Shatter cones and astroblemes, in Transactions of the 

Lunar Geological Field Conference, Bend, Oregon, August 1965 : Portland, Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries, p. 25-31. 

27 Dietz, R. S., 1967, Two new shatter cone sites [abs.]: Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 3, 

p.108. 

Shatter cones have recently been identified at Gosses Bluff and in the 

main crater of the Kaalijarv group; thus, the number of known sites is 

raised to 18. 

28 Dietz. R. S., 1968, Shatter cones in cryptoe:xoplosion structures, in French, 

Bevan, and Shol'lt, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 267-284. 

Orientation of shatter cones at Kentland, Wells Creek, Crooked Creek, 

Vredefort, and Sudbury are shown to suggest a centrally located ground 

zero and (or) direction of shock waves propa~lted from above. An effort 

is made to differentiate shatter cones from other types of conical structures. 

29 El Goresy, Ahmed, 1968, The opaque minerals in impactite glasses, in 

French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural 

materials: Baltimore, ~ld., Mono Book Corp., p. 531-554. 

Numerous polished sections from Aouelloul, Bosumtwi, Henbury, the 

Ries, and ·wabar impact glasses were studied in detail in reflected light 

and with the electron microprobe ; metallic spherules were :f)ound in all but 

that from Aouelloul. 

30 Elston, 1V. E., 1965, Rhyolite ash-flow plateaus, ring-dike complexes, calderas, lopoliths, and Moon craters, in Geological problems in lunar 

research: New York A.cad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 817-842. 

The possibility that the Mogollon Plateau is of impact origin is tossed 

out lightly; no serious proposal is made. 

31 Engelhardt, 'Volf von, Bertsch, W., and Muller, W. F., 1967, Shock induced 

quartz deformation as indication of meteoritic impact [abs.]: Meteorit. 

Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, Calif., 1967, Program. 

32 Englehardt, " 7olf von, and StOffler, Dieter, 1965, Spaltflachen im Quarz als 

Anzeichen ftir EinschUige grosser Meteoriten [Cleavage planes in quartz 

as indication of impacts of large meteorites] : Naturwissenschaften, v. 

52, no.17,p.489-490. 

Flat cleavage planes similar to those described in quartz for other 

meteorite craters are reported for quartz in inclusions of basement rock in 

the suevite breccia of the Ries and in a breccia associated with Lake 

Mien, Sweden. 

33 Faul, Henry, 1966, Tektites are terrestrial: Science, v. 152, no. 3727, p. 

1341-1345. 

Age determinations link the origins of some tektites to specific impact 

craters on the earth's surface; considered are the cases of Lake Bosumtwi, 

the Ries Basin, and the Kilmichael structure. 
8 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-68 

Ref. 

34 Findlay, D. C., and Smith, C. H., 1965, Drilling for scientific purposes in 

Canada: Tectonophysics, v. 2, no. 4, p. 247-257. 

35 Freeberg, J. H., 1966, Terrestrial impact structures-a bibliography: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 1220, 91 p. 

36 French, B. M., 1968, Shock metamorphism as a geological process, in French, 

Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore Md., Mono Book Corp., p.1-18. 

37 Gallant, Rene, 1964, The bombarded earth, an essay on the geological and 

biological effects of huge meteorite impact: London, John Baker, 256 p. 

The author presents an unorthodox approach to the theory of impact 

and speculates on the impact origin of certain arcs (Gulf of Campeche, 

Mosquito Gulf, arc of the West Indies, arc formed by the south coast of 

Argentina with the Falkland Islands, and Sea of Japan) and depressions 

(Randecker Maar, Germany ; Lac Bouchet, La Sauvetant; and Confolent 

[crater], France). 

38 Gentner, W., 1966, Auf der Suche nach KratergHisern, Tektiten und Meteoriten in Afrika [On the search for crater glasses, tektites, and meteorites 

in Africa] : Naturwissenschaften, v. 53, no. 12, p. 285-289. 

Geological and geochronological information on Ivory Coast tektites and 

the Bosumtwi Grater is compared with tha,t on the Ries Basin. 

39 Gentner, Wolfgang, Kleinmann, B., and Wagner, G. A., 1967, New K-Ar and 

fission track ages of impact glasses and tektites : Earth and Planeta['y 

Sci. Letters, v. 2, no. 2, p. 83-86. 

The observation that measured ages for moldavites and impact glass from 

the Ries agree, as do those of Ivory Coast tektites and Bosumtwi Crater 

impac,tites, lends support to a terrestrial origin for tektites. 

40 Gross, W. H., and Sijpkens, J. P., 1965, Cosmic origin of mineral deposits; 

Canadian Mining and l\Ietall. Bull., v. 58, no. 633, p. 55-59. 

It is suggested that additions of cosmic bodies have ma:terially altered the 

chemistry of the earth's crust and that impact of large meteorites and 

asteroids has created zones of weakness in the crust that could be centers 

of magmatic intrusion and mineralization. 

41 Hartmann, W. K., 1965, Terrestrial and lunar flux of large meteorites in 

in the last two billion years: Icarus, v. 4, no. 2, p. 157-165. 

The Canadian Shield is considered as a meteorite counter. 

42 Innes, M. J. S., 1967, Crater studies, in Canadian Upper Mantle report 

1967: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 67-41, p. 172-173. 

Evidence for impact origin at 12 craters has been discovered to date. 

In 1966 studies were concentrated at Deep Bay and West Hawk Lake. 

43 Innes, M. J. S., Deuce, M. R., and Robertson, P. B., 1968. Recent geological 

and geophysical studies of Canadian craters, in French, Bevan, and 

Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 339-362. 

Besides diamond drilling at West Hawk Lake and Deep Bay in 1965--66, 

the Canadian team made reconnaissance surveys at Pilot and Nicholson 
Itef. 

DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURES 9 

Lakes and found evidence of shock and fusion in the fractured and brecciated gneisses of Pilot Lake and a resemblance to Clearwater Lakes in the 

morphology of Nicholson Lake. 

44 Johnson, G. C., 1965, A mathematical analysis of terrestrial impact craters: 

University Park, Pennsylvania State Univ., Ph. D. thesis, 142 p.; available from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.; abstract in 1966 

in Dissert. Abs., v. 27, no. 3B, p. 932B. 

45 Kelly, A. 0., 1967, Continental drift-Is it a cometary impact phenomena? 

[revised.]: Carlsbad, Calif., published by the author, 100 p. 

Features considered in this discussion include the Vredefort Ring, the 

Gulf of St. Lawrence arc, and the Nastapoka Islands arc. 

46 Kelly, A. 0., 1967, Continental drift-Is it a cometary impact phenomenon? 

[abs.]: Meteorit. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg. Moffett Field, Calif., 1967, Program. 

47 Krinov, E. L., 1966, Giant meteorites; translated from the Russian by 

J. S. Romankiewicz: New York, Pergamon Press, 397 p. 

This book is in the nature of a text on meteorite craters; its special 

importance is in two chapters detailing exploration on the Sikhote-Alin 

and Tunguska sites. 

48 Lane, F. W., 1965, The elements rage [revised ed.]: Philadelphia, Pa., 

Chilton Books, 346 p. [originally published 1945]. 

Thi.s book contains a section on meteoroids and their place in the early 

history of scientific thought. 

49 McQueen, R. G., Jamieson, J. C., and Marsh, S. P., 1967, Shock-wave compression and X-ray studies of titanium oxide: Science, v. 155, no. 3768, 

p. 1401-1404. 

A new phase which deverts to rutile above 450°C is suggested as a possible new diagnostic indicator of meteorite impact on the earth's surface. 

50 Millman, P. M., 1966, Craters : Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 55-57. 

Craters, discussed in the broad sense, are defined as roughly circular 

depressions on the surface of a solid which are formed by a force operating near the crater center. 

51 Monod, Theodore, 1965, Contribution a l'etablissement d'une liste d'accidents 

circulaires d'origine meteoritique (reconnue, possible ou supposee), 

cryptoexplosive, etc. [Contribution to the establishment of a list of 

circular irregularities of meteoritic origin (known, possible or suspected), cryptoexplosive, etc.], [2d ed.]; Inst. Fran~ais d'Afrique Noire 

Cat. Doc., no. 18, 93 p. 

In his catalog Monod includes sites known only from aerial photographs 

and not yet studied in the field or documented in the literature; the following are listed by him but not treated in the present bibliography: 

Agheir, Mauritania ; Bishoftu Craters (or Debba Zeit), Ethiopia; Clayton's Craters (or Libyan Desert Craters), Libya; El Mreiti, Mauritania; 

Erg Ghech (or Erg Touat), Algeria; Foum Teguentour, Algeria; Gallouedec Crater, Mauritania; Garet el-Lefet, Libya; Gourma, Mali; Guer-
10 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965~68 

Ref. 

rara, Algeria; Matam, Senegal; Mejaouda-NW, Mauritania; Michlifen, 

l\lorocco; Tademait, Algeria ; Tindouf NE, Algeria. 

52 O'Connell, Edna, 1965, A catalog of meteorite craters and related features 

with a guide to the literature: Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation Paper P-3087, 218 p. 

Among the 116 structures included in this catalog are 14 not treated in 

this bibliography: Afton Craters, New Mexico; Estherville Fall, Iowa; 

Furnas County fall, Nebraska; Knyahinya fall, Czechoslovakia; La.ke 

Hamilton depressions, Australia; Mora County explosion crater, New 

:Mexico; Mount Darwin glass, Australia; Paragould fall, Arkansas; 

Perevoz Crater, U.S.S.R.; Piute County explosion pits, Utah; Ubehebe 

Craters, California; Udzbei Bowl, U.S.S.R.; Weepra Park depressions, 

South Australia ; Wiltshire Crater, England. 

53 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geochemistry and Mineralogy, 1963-67, Study of structural and mineralogical significance of 

meteorite impact sites, including mineral paragenesis, high pressure 

polymorphs, microfractures and quartz lamellae-semi-annual reports 

to National Aeronautics and Space Administration on grant No. NSG473: University Park, Pennsylvania State Univ., v. 1-7. 

Structures under study include the Pretoria Salt Pan, Lac Couture, the 

Yredefort structure, and the New Quebec, Holleford, Mecatina, and Brent 

Craters. 

54 Pokrov,skiy, G. I., 1964, Deformatsii gornykh porod v zone meteoritnykh 

kraterov [Deformation of rocks in the meteor crater zones]: Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 99-107. 

55 Roberts, W. A., 1968, Shock crater ejecta characteristics, in French, Bevan, 

and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: 

Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p.101-114. 

56 Robertson, P. B., Dence, M. R., and Vos, M.A., 1968, Deformation in rockforming minerals from Canadian craters, in French, Bevan, and Short, 

N. 'M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials : Baltimore, :\ld., 

Mono Book Corp. p. 433-452. 

Four different groups of regular planar features are identified. 

57 Ronca, L. B., 1966, Meteoritic impact and volcanism : Icarus, v. 5, no. 5, 

p. 515-520. 

Impact followed by volcanism is briefly discussed, with mention ot 

Sudbury, Wolf Creek, Clearwater Lakes, Manicouagan, and the Ries. 

58 Ryabinin, Yu. N., Rodionov, V. N., and Dremin, A. N., 1964, 0 vozmozhnosti polimorfnykh prevrashcheniy pri udarnom szhatii [On the possibility of polymorphic transformations upon shock compression] : 

Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 91-98. 

The velocity of the iron meteorite which formed Wabar Crater is used 

as a model in discussing the transformation of quartz to coesite under 

shock-wave compression. 
DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURES 11 

Ref. 

59 Sclar, C. B., Short, N. M., and Cocks, G. C., 1968, Shock-wave damage in 

quartz as revealed by electron and incident-light microscopy, in French, 

Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 483-494. 

Fracture patterns were studied in quartz from Wabar Craters, Meteor 

Crater, and the Middlesboro structure. 

60 Short, N. M., 1965, A comparison of features characteristic of nuclear explosion craters and astroblemes, in Geological .problems in lunar 

research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 573--616. 

Twenty-seven criteria for recognition of impact structures are tabulated ; 

they are a combination of pertinent features associated with nuclear craters 

and those already accepted as valid indicators of impact. 

61 Short, N. l\L, 1966, Shock processes in geology: Jour. Geol. Education, v. 14, 

no. 4, p. 149-166. 

Diagnostic features for 43 impact sites are tabulated. 

62 Short, N. M., 1967, Astroblemes and meteorite craters, in Fairbridge, R. W., 

ed., Encyclopedia of atmospheric science and nstrogeology, Volume 2 

of Encyclopedia of the earth sciences: New York, Reinhold Press, 

p. 40-43. 

63 Short, N. M., 1967, Explosion craters, in Fairbridge, R. W. ed., Encyclopedia 

of atmospheric science and astrogeology, Volume 2 of Encyclopedia of 

the earth sciences: New York, Reinhold Press, p. 373-378. 

64 Short, N. M., and Bunch, T. E., 1968, A worldwide inventory of petrologic 

features characteristic of rocks associated with presumed meteorite 

impact craters, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., 

p. 255-266. 

At the conference the authors exhibited a world map on which crater 

locations were plotted; actual samples from many of the craters; appro~imately 100 annotated photomicrographs showing textures and microdeformation features typieal of rocks taken from the craters; and a tabular chart 

containing capsule information on field, petrographic, and other studies of 

these craters. 

65 Snyder, F. G., and Gerdemann, P. E., 1965, Explosive igneous activity along 

an Illinois-Missouri-Kansas axis: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 263, no. 6, p. 465-

493. 

Eight distinctive geologic events, characterized by intrusive or extrusive 

igneous activity and (or) intense local deformation, are alined in a 400-

mile structural zone trending east-west ; among them are the Crooked 

Creek and Decaturville structures. 

66 Snyder, F. G., and others, 1965, Cryptoe~plosive structures in MissouriGuidebook, 1965 Ann. Mtg., Geological Society of America: Missouri 

Div. Geol. Survey and Water Resources Rept. Inv. 30,73 p. 

Structures visited included Crooked Creek and Decaturville. 
12 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965,....68 

Ref. 

67 Struve, Otto, 1966, Meteorites and their effects, in Neighbors of the EarthPlanets, comets, and the debris of space: New York, Macmillan Co., 

p. 222-226 [originally published 1959]. 

68 Walker, W. W., 1967, The effects of shock recrystallization on selected 

meteoritic minerals [abs.]: Meteorit. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, 

Calif., 1967, Program. 

IMPACT SITES 

AGNAK ISLAND CRATERS, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA 

(Lat. 67°30' N.; long 108°60' W. Four craters) 

See ref. 20. 

AOUELLOUL CRATER, MAURITANIA 

69 Ohao, E. C. T., Dwornik, E. J., and Merrill, C. W., 1966, Nickel-iron spherules 

from Aouelloul glass: Science, v. 154, no. 3750, p. 759-760, 765. 

Nickel-iron spherules, occurring in discrete bands of siliceous glass 

enriched in dissolved iron, is significant tangible evidence that both crater 

and gl<ass originated from :terrestrial impact. 

70 Chao, E. C. T., Dwornik, E. J., and Merrill, C. W., 1966, Nickel-iron 

spherules from the Aouelloul glass of Mauritania, Africa, in Astrogeologic studies annual progress report, July 1, 1965, to July 1, 1966, 

pt. B: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file rept., p. 169-180. 

71 Chao, E. C. T., Merrill, C. W., Cuttitta, Frank, and Annen, Charles, 1966, 

The Aouelloul crater and the Aouelloul glass of Mauritania, Africa 

[abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no.1, p.144. 

See also refs.17, 29. 

ARN VALLEY CRATERS, YAKUTSK, U.S.S.R. 

(Lat 53° N.; long 138°50' E.) 

72 Shevchenko, V. K., 1964, Sledy padeniya meteorita [Traces of a meteorite 

fall]: Priroda, 1964, no. 4, p. 98. 

A chain of small craters in the Arn Valley, lower Amur area and about 

50 kilometers west of Kherpuchi, are reported; no meteorites have been 

recovered. 

BARRINGER CRATER, COCONINO COUNTY, ARIZ. 

73 Ayer, N. J., 1966, Possible relationship between color loss in hyacinth 

zircons and meteoritic impact [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 

87,p.193. 

74 Beaty, J. J., 1966, The great crater controversy: Frontiers, v. 30, no. 4, p. 

112-117. 

75 Bennett, M.A., 1967, Exploring Meteor Crater: Pacific Discovery, v. 20, no. 

3, p.11-15. 
BARRINGER CRATER, ARIZONA 13 

Ref. 

76 Brereton, R. G., 1965, Aeromagnetic survey of Meteor Crater, Arizona, in 

Geological problems in lunar research: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, 

v.123,art.2,p.1175-1181. 

An unusual anomaly is associated with Meteor Crater but cannot possibly be related to a buried mass of extraterrestrial matter. 

77 Cook, C. S., 1964', Mass of the Oanyon Diablo meteoroid: Nature, v. 204, 

no. 4961, p. 867; review in Sky and Telescope, v. 29, no. 4, p. 222. 

78 Hall, R. A., 1965, Secondary meteorites from the Arizona crater: Meteoritics, 

v.2,no.4,p.337-348. 

79 Heymann, Dieter, Lipschutz, M. E., Nielsen, Betty, and Anders, Edward, 

1965, Canyon Diablo meteorite-Metallographic and mass spectrometric 

study of 56 fragments: Jour. Geophys. Research v. 71, no. 2, p. 619-641; 

abstract in Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 46, no. 1, p. 123. 

80 Lipschutz, M. E., 1965, Origin of atypical meteorites from the Arizona 

meteorite crater: Nature, v. 208, no. 5011, p. 636-638. 

81 Mead, C. W., Littler, Janet, and Chao, E. C. T., 1965, Metallic spheroids from 

Meteor Crater: Am. Mineralogist, v. 50, nos. 5-6, p. 667-681. 

The spheroids were studied in detail and found to be nearly identical 

in texture and assemblages to Philippine and Indochina tektite spherules. 

82 Oriti, R. A., 1965, The largest meteoritic diamond: Griffith Observer, v. 

29,no.12,p.173-175. 

A large diamond was found in a 160-gram specimen from the east rim 

of the crater. 

83 Roberts, W. A., 1965, Genetic stratigraphy of the Meteor Crater outer lip: 

Icarus, v. 4, no. 4, p. 431-433. · 

The ejecta in the outer lip of Meteor Crater was mapped in units related 

to the in situ formations in which the crater was formed and subdivided 

into units correlative with those noted in the Sedan lip to obtain data for 

prediction on formation and extent of bulk ejecta. 

84 Struve, Otto, 1966, The making of the Barringer meteorite crater, in 

Neighbors of the Earth-planets, comets, and the debris of space: 

New York, Macmillan Co., p. 226-228 [originally published 1959]. 

85 Weber, R., 1965, Au Meteor Crater [At Meteor Crater]: Astronomie, v. 79, 

no. 5, p. 179-187. 

86 Wilkins, J., Jr., and Sumner, .J. S., 1968, An induced polarization survey 

of Meteor Crater, Arizona [abs.] : Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, 

no. 1, p. 272. 

See also .refs. 8, 13, 15-17, 47, 55, 59. 

BASS STRAIT 

(Lat 40° S.; long 146° E.) 

87 Humiston, L. E., 1967, Bass Strait between Australia and Tasmania proposed ~as a cometary impact site [abs.]: Meteorit. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., 

Moffett Field, Calif., 1967, Program. 

833-506-69--3 
14 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 19 6·5~6 8 

Ref. 

BOXHOLE CRATER, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA 

88 Cassidy, W. A., 1968, Descriptions and topographic maps of the Wolf Creek 

and Boxhole craters, Australia [abs.]: Conference on shock metamorphism of natural ma:terials, April 14-16, 1966, Goddard Space Flight 

Center, Greenbelt, Md., Program, p. 100. 

BRENT CRATER, NIPISSING COUNTY, ONTARIO 

89. Currie, K. L., and Shafiqullah, M., 1967, Oarbonatite and alkaline igneous 

rocks in the Brent Crater, Ontario: Nature, v. 215, no. 5102, p. 725-726. 

Petrochemistry strongly suggests that the structure is an alkaline carbonatite complex. 

90 Gold, D. P., 1968, A study of quartz subf·a:brics from the Brent crater, Ontario, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. l\1., eds., Shock metamorphism 

of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 495-508. 

Planar features in quartz, from quartzo-feldspathic gneisses which surround the Brent Crater, include microfractures, pl·anar trains of inclusions, lamellae, and extinction planes. 

See also refs.1, 20, 23, 53. 

BUTARE CRATER, RWANDA 

(Lat 2°36'S.; long 29°44' E.) 

91 Dehousse, Martin, 1966, L'Entonnoir de Butare au Rwanda [The Butare 

crater in Rwanda]: Acad. Royale Belgique Bull. Cl. Sci., v. 52, no. 1, 

p. 76-92. 

Observations of nonnegligible anomalies made in the course of a topographic and geologic investigation are discussed. 

CAMPO DEL CIELO CRATERS, CHACO, ARGENTINA 

92 Ashbee, K. H. G., and Vassamilet, L. F., 1966, Dislocation in a Campo del 

Cielo meteorite: Science, v. 151, no. 3717, p. 1526-1527. 

93 Bunch, T. E., and Cassidy, W. A., 1968, Impact-induced deformation in 

the Campo del Cielo meteorite, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., 

eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono 

Book Corp., p. 601-612. 

A possible correlation has been found for intensity of deformation and 

proximity to the meteorite craters. 

94 Cassidy, W. A., 1967, Meteorite field studies at Campo del Cielo: Sky and 

Telescope, v. 34, no.1, p. 4-10. 

The author was le.ader of the expedition mentioned in ref. 96. Here he 

describes further work and discusses some important findings. 

95 Cassidy, W. A., 1968, Meteorite impact craters at Campo del Cielo, Argentina, in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of 

natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 117-128. 

With some exceptions the craters of Campo del Cielo are believed to be 

penetration funnels; a surprising number of metamorphic fe,atures were 

found. The external appearance of the reaction zone is not unlike large 

fragments of highly altered material found at Wolf Creek. 
CAMPO DEL CIELO CRATERS, ARGENTINA 15 

Ref. 

96 Cassidy, W. A., Villar, L. M., Bunch, T. E., Kohman, T. P., and Milton, D. J., 

1965, Meteorites and craters of Campo del Cielo, Argentina : Science, 

v.149,no.3688,p.l055-1064. 

The authors were members of a field party sponsored by the National 

Science Foundation to the craters in 1962-63. 

97 Opik, E. J., 1966, The Campo del Cielo group of meteorite craters: Irish 

Astron. Jour., v. 7, no. 5, p.169. 

Opik comments on work described in ref. 96. 

See also ref.178. 

CARSWELL LAKE STRUCTURE, SASKATCHEWAN 

98 Currie, K. L., 1967, Shock metamorphism in the Carswell circular structure, 

Saskatchewan, Canada: Nature, v. 213, no. 5071, p. 56-57. 

Circumstances in which rocks of the Carswell structure exhibiting shock 

effects were found cast doubt on its impact origin. 

See also refs. 21, 23. 

CHAS,SENON CRATER, FRANCE 

(Lat 45°51' N.; long 0°46' E.) 

99 Kraut, Fran~ois, 1967, Sur l'origine des clivages du quartz dans les breches 

"volcaniques" de la r~gion de Rochechouart [On the origin of quartz 

cleavages in volcanic breccias in the region of Rochechouart]: Acad. 

Sci. Comptes Rendus, ser. D, v. 264, no. 23, p. 2609-2612. 

The volcanic breccias, particularly those of Chassenon, show a great 

analogy with the suevites from the Ries. Structures in the quartz are 

generally attributed to shock metamorphism when the breccias formed. 

CLEARWATER LAKES, QUEBEC 

100 Bostock, H. H., 1965, Clearwater complex, New Quebec: Canada Geol. 

Survey Paper 64-45, 17 p. 

The Clearwater Lakes basin is thought to be of volcanic origin, transitional between cauldron subsidence and cryptoexplosion. The order of 

emplacement, the petrographic details of the rocks of the complex, and 

the alteration accompanying them do not support an impact origin. 

101 Carter, N. L., 1968, Meteoritic impact and deformation of quartz: Science, 

v.160,no.3827,p.526-528. 

102 Dence, M. R., Innes, M. J. S., and Beals, C. S., 1965, On the probable meteorite origin of the Clearwater Lakes, Quebec: Royal Astron. Soc. Canada 

Jour., v. 59, no. 1, p. 13-22; reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory 

Oontr., v. 6, no. 7, 10 p. 

Gravity observations have indicated negative anomalies of a kind associated with meteorite craters whose subsurface structure is characterized by large volumes of low-density breccia. 

103 Engelhardt, Wolf von, Horz, Friedrich, Stoffier, Dieter, and Bertsch, W., 

1968, Observations on quartz deformation in breccias of West Clearwater Lake, Canada, and the Ries Basin, Germany, in French, Bevan, 
16 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 196·5~68 

Ref. 

and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 475-482. 

104 Mcintyre, D. B., 1968, Impact metamorphism at Clearwater Lake, Quebec, 

in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of 

natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 363-366. 

Unusual metamorphic rocks were collected on islands in Clearwater Lake 

during a 1958 gravity survey. 

See also refs.11-13, 21, 23, 43, 57. 

COLLUMA CRATER, BOLIVIA 

(Lat 18°32' S.; long 68°5' W.) 

105 U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Colluma Crater investigation, in Geological 

Survey research 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-A, p. A103. 

A field party briefly investigated this crater in 1966 without finding recognizable meteorite fragments, impact glass, or volcanic layers. Pending 

further evidence, it is considered to be a collapsed dome. 

CRESTONE CRATER, SAGUACHE COUNTY, COLO. 

106 Marvin, U. B., and Marvin, T. C., 1966, A re-examination of the crater near 

Crestone, Colorado: Meteoritics, v. 3, no.1, p.1-10. 

Mapping and drilling to a depth of 8 feet show no meteoritic debris, 

spherules, rock flows, or impact glass. The crater should no longer be 

considered as of possible impact origin. 

CROOKED CREEK STRUCTURE, CRAWFORD COUNTY, MO. 

107 Hendriks, H. E., 1965, The Crooked Creek structure, in ref. 66: pp. 68-72. 

A meteoritic impact origin for Crooked Creek is upheld. 

See also refs. 2, 3, 28, 65. 

DECATURVILLE DISTURBANCE, CAMDEN COUNTY, MO. 

108 Zimmermann, R. A., and Amstutz, G. C., 1965, The polygonal structure at 

Decaturville, Missouri-new tectonic observations: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 288-307. 

Decaturville dome is most probably associated with the regional structural 

pattern; repeated crustal movement probably played an important part in 

its forma;tion. 

See also refs. 3, 65, 66. 

DEEP BAY, REINDEER LAKE, SASKATCHEWAN 

109 Bertaud, C., 1965, Cratere meteoritique fossile de la Baie-Profonde [The 

Deep Bay fossil meteorite crater] : Astronomie, v. 79, no. 8, p. 329-331. 

See also refs. 20, 42. 

DIRRANBANDI CRATERS, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA 

(Lat 28°35' S. ; long 148°10' E.) 

110 Binns, R. A., 1967, Possible meteorite craters near Dirranbandi, Queensland 

[abs.] : Meteorit. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, Calif., 1967. 

Program. 
Ref. 

FLYNN CREEK STRUCTURE, TENNESSEE 

DZHAUSOV CRATERS, UZBEK, U.S.S.R. 

(Lat 39°15' N.; long 67°15' E. Two craters) 

17 

111 Kravtzev, D. I., 1951, Dzhavsovskii bolid [Dzhausov bolide]: Priroda, v. 40, 

no. 7, p. 41--43. 

Two craters, produced in 1950, are reported in an inaccessible place in 

the Samarkand Oblast. 

FLYNN CREEK STRUCTURE, JACKSON COUNTY, TENN. 

112 Roddy, D. J., 1965, Recent geologic and laboratory investigations of the 

Flynn Creek structure, Tennessee, in Astrogeologic studies annual 

progress report, July 1, 1964, to July 1, 1965, pt. B: U.S. Geol. Survey 

open-file rept., p. 50-52. 

113 Roddy, D. J., 1966, Carbonate deformation at a probable impact crater at 

Flynn Creek Tennessee [abs.] : Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 

3, p. 493--494. 

114 Roddy, D. J., 1966, History and or1gm of the Flynn Creek crater, Tennessee--final report, in Astrogeologic studies annual progress report, 

July 1, 1965, to July 1, 1966, pt. B: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file rept., 

p. 1--40. 

115 Roddy, D. J., 1966, The Paleozoic crater at Flynn Creek, Tennessee: 

Pasadena, California Inst. Technology, Ph. D. thesis, 232 p.; available 

from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; abstract in 1967 in 

Dissert. Abs., v. 27, no. 5B, p.1517B-1518B. 

116 Roddy, D. J., 1966, Minimum energy of formation for a probable impact 

crater at Flynn Creek, Tennessee [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 

47, no. 3, p. 482. 

117 Roddy, D. J., 1966, An unusual dolomitic basal facies of the Chattanooga 

shale in the Flynn Creek structure [abs.] : Am. Mineralogist, v. 51, 

nos.l-2, p. 270. 

118 Roddy, D. J., 1968, Comet impact and formation of Flynn Oreek and other 

craters with central peaks [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, 

no. 1, p. 272. 

119 Roddy, D. J., 1968, The Flynn Creek Crater, Tennessee, in French, Bevan, 

and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: 

Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 291-322. 

Good comparisons can be made between the Flynn Creek structure and 

chemical, nuclear, and meteorite impact craters, but only poor structural 

analogies are possible with volcanic explosion craters. 

120 Roddy, D. J., 1968, Paleozoic crater at Flynn Creek-a probable impact 

structure [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 179. 

121 Roddy, D. J., 1968, Shock metamorphism in carbona,te rocks at probable 

impact structures [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Sec.; Seismol. 

Soc. America ; Paleont. Soc., Pacific Coast Sec., 64th Ann. Mtg., Tucson, 

Ariz., 1968 Program, p. 103. 
18 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1·965-68 

Ref. 

FREETOWN COMPLEX 

(Lat 8°20' N.; long 13°20' W. Off Sierra Leone coast) 

122 Krause, D. C., 1963, Seaward extension and origin of the Freetown layered 

basic complex of Sierra Leone: Nature, v. 200, no. 4913, p. 1280-1281. 

Suggestion of an impact origin is based on echo soundings and magnetometer traverses. 

GOSSES BLUFF, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA 

(Lat 23°50' S.; long 132°18' E.) 

123 Cook, P. J., 1966, The Gosses Bluff crypto-explosion structure: Australia 

Bur. Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics Record 1966/132, 41 p. 

See ref.124. 

124 ,Cook, P. J.,1968, The Gosses Bluff cryptoexplosion structure: Jour. Geology, 

v.76,no.2,p.123--139. 

Recent drilling and geological mapping have shown Gosses Bluff, with 

a minimum diameter of 10 miles, to be a central uplifted dome surrounded 

by a ring of breccia containing well-developed shatter cones and glassy 

material and quartz grains exhibiting fracturing and strain lamellae. There 

is more, at the present, to support an extraterrestrial origin than an intraterrestrial one. 

125 Crook, K. A. W., 1967, Cosmic ice residuum associated with an astrobleme?: 

Nature, v. 213, no. 5080, p. 999-1000. 

Gases encountered in shallow drill holes may be the remnants of a 

cometary bolide. 

126 Crook, K. A. W., and Cook, P. J., 1966, Gosses Bluff-Diapir, crypto-volcanic 

structure or astrobleme?: Geol. Soc. Australia Jour., v. 13, pt. 2, p. 495-

516. 

Gosses Bluff is a cryptoexplosive structure resulting from deep-seated 

explosive volcanic activity or from meteoric impact sometime during the 

Mesozoic. 

127 Dietz, R. S., 1967, Shatter cone orientation at Gosses Bluff astrobleme: 

Nature, v. 216, no. 5120, p. 1082-1084; ·abstract in Meteorit. Soc., 3oth 

Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, Calif., 1967, Program. 

Shatter cones caused by shock fracturing are widely developed at Gosses 

Bluff; the force field can be reconstructed whereby the applied shock arrived centrally and from above. 

128 Milton, D. J., and Brett, Robin, 1968, Gosses Bluff astrobleme, Australiathe central uplift [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, CordilleDan Sec.; Seismol. 

Soc. America; Paleont. Soc., Pacific Coast Sec., 64th Ann. Mtg., Tucson. 

Ariz., 1968, Program, p. 82. 

129 Moss, F. J., 1964, Gosses Bluff seismic survey, Amadeus basin, Northern 

Territory 1962 : Australia Bur. Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics Record 1964/66, 12 p. 

See also ref. 27. 
HOLLEFORD CRATER, ONTARIO 19 

Ref. 

GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE ARC, CANADA 

See ref. 45. 

HENBURY CRATERS, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA 

130 Hodge, P. W., 1965, The Henbury meteorite craters: Smithsonian Contr. 

Astrophysics, v. 8, no. 8, p.199-201. 

This review article discusses scientific work since 1931, describes a probable new crater, ·and includes a series of 17 aerial and ground photographs. 

131 Milton, D. J., 1965, Structure of the Henbury meteorite craters, Australia 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 82, p. 266. 

132 Milton, D. J., 1968, Structural geology of the Henbury meteorite craters, 

Northern Territory, Australia, in Contributions to astrogeology: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 599-0, p. 01-017. 

This report is based on field studies started in 1963 ; it briefly describes 

the crater field as a whole but is primarily concerned with the structural 

geology of the wall and rim crest areas of the three largest era ters. 

133 Milton, D. J., 1968, Structure of the Henbury meteorite craters, Australia, 

in French, Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of 

natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 115-116. 

134 Milton, D. J., and Michel, F. C., 1965, Structure of a ray crater at Henbury, 

Northern Territory, Australia, in Geological Survey research 1965: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 05-011. 

135 Taylor, S. R., 1965, Similarity in composition between Henbury impact 

glass and australites : Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 29, no. 5, p. 

599-601. 

Additional evidence is given toward the view that the present composition 

of australites reflects that of their parent material. 

136 Taylor, S. R., 1966, Australites, Henbury impact glass and subgreywackea comparison of the ~abundances of 51 elements: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 30, no. 11, p. 1121-1136; abstract in 1967 in Meteoritics, 

v. 3, no. 3, p.128. 

No significant differences in composition between the impact glass and 

the parental greywackes are seen, and no significant alteration has taken 

place during melting for the elements studied. 

137 Taylor, S. R., 1967, Composition of meteorite impact glass across the Henbury strewnfield ; Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 6, p. 961-968. 

138 Taylor, S. R., 1967, Geochemistry of Australian meteoritic impact glasses 

and tektites (australites) [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, 

no. 1, p. 158. 

139 Taylor, S. R., and Kolbe, P., 1965, Geochemistry of Henbury impact glass: 

Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 29, no. 7, p. 741-745. 

Glass found north of the main crater is analyzed. 

See also refs. 15-17,29. 

HOLLEFORD CRATER, LANARK COUNTY, ONTARIO 

See refs.l, 20, 53. 
20 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965...--68 

Ref. 

JEPTHA KNOB STRUCTURE, SHELBY COUNTY, KY. 

140 Seeger, C. R., 1966, Origin of the Jeptha Knob structure, Kentucky: Pittsburgh Univ., Pennsylvania, Ph. D. thesis, 152 p.; available from University Microfilms, A.nn Arbor, Mich. ; abstract in 1967 in Dis,sert. A.bs., 

v.28,no.33,p.951B. 

141 Seeger, C. R., 1967, The Jeptha Knob structure, Kentucky, 2-rock deformation [abs.] : Meteorit. Soc. 30th A.nn. Mtg., Moffett Field, Calif., 1967, 

Program. 

KAALIJARV CRATERS, SAAREMA ISLAND, ESTONIA 

See ref. 27. 

KA-IMU-HOKU, LANAI, HAWAII 

142 Barringer, Brandon, 19,68, Lanai meteorite crater apparently myth: Meteoritics, v. 4, no. 1, p. 57-59. 

A. survey by air and on the ground revealed no depression at the place 

supposedly called Ka-imu-hoku, Hawaiian for "The Star Oven," on the 

island of Lanai. It had been reported as a "pit in the sand" or "the 

place where a meteor fell." Reasons are given for believing the name 

was based on native observation of a nineteenth-century fireball. 

KENTLAND STRUCTURE, NEWTON COUNTY, IND. 

143 Shrock, R. R., 1937, Stratigraphy and structure of the disturbed Ordovician 

rocks near Kentland, Indiana: A.m. Midland Naturalist, v. 18, no. 4, p. 

471-531. 

See also ref. 28. 

KILMICHAEL STRUCTURE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MISS. 

See ref. 33. 

KOFELS SITE, OTZTAL, AUSTRIA 

144 Heissel, Werner, 1965, Das "Bimssteinvorkommen" von Kofels im Otztal 

(Tirol) [The Kofels "pumice occurrence" in the Ob~tal (Tyrol)] : Neues 

Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9--11, p. 28!3-287. 

Two new findings of "pumice" are reported and described. 

See ref. 20. 

LAC CHATELAIN, QUEBEC 

(Lat 60°15' N.; long 74°36' W.) 

LAC COUTURE, QUEBEC 

145 Beals, C. S., Deuce, M. R., and Cohen, A. J., 1967, Evidence for the impact 

origin of Lac Couture: Ottawa Dominion Observatory Pub., v. 31, no. 

10, p. 409-426. 

The belief that Lac Couture represents the eroded remnants of an ancient 

impact crater is based on abundances of rock breccia on the western islands 

and microscopic indicrations of crystals, particularly quartz, deformed and 

altered by shock in a manner found at orther suspected impact sites. 

146 Kitzes, Esther, 1964, Exploring craters in the earth: Nature and Sci., v. 1, 

no. 8, p. 10-12. 
LAKE BOSUMTWI, GHANA 21 

Ref. 

147 Robertson, P. B., 1965, Petrography of the bedrock and breceia erraties in 

the region of Lac Couture, Quebec : University Park, Pennsylvania 

State Univ., M.S. thesis; included in ref. 53, v. 5, NASA--CR-74563. 

See also refs. 1, 53. 

LAKE BOSUMTWI, GHANA 

147 El Goresy, Ahmed, 1966, Metallic spherules in Bosumtwi Crater glasses: 

Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 1, no. 1, p. 23-24. 

148 Gentner, W., 1966, Auf der Such nach Kra:tergUisern, Tektiten und Meteoriten in Afrika [The search for crater glasses, tektites, and meteorites 

in Africa]: Naturwissenschaften, v. 53, no. 12, p. 285-289. 

150 Kolbe, P., Pinson, W. H., Jr., Saul, J. M., and Miller, E., 196'T, Rb-Sr study 

on country rocks of the Bosumtwi Crater, Ghana : Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 5, p. 869-875. 

Metasedimentary country rocks from the immediate vicinity of the crater 

yield an age of 2,100±60 million years and support the theory that the 

Bosumtwi Crater glasses and Ivory Coast tektites formed by a complete 

meeting of metasediments that were present without addition of genetic 

material. 

151 Jones, G. H. S., and Diehl, C. H. H., 1965, A scale model of the Bosomtwe 

Crater [abs.]: Astron. Jour., v. 70, no. 5, p. 324. 

Comparison is made 1to an experimental crater produced by 500 tons of 

TNT at Suffield Experimental Station, Ralston, Alberta. An expanded 

report of this experiment was released in a 15-page unpublished report, 

1965. 

152 Lippolt, H. J., 'and Wasserburg, G. J., 19£6, Rubidium-Strontium-Messungen 

an GHisern vom Bosumtwi-Krater und an Elfenbeinkilsten Tektiten 

[Rubidium-stroll!tium measurements on glasses from the Bosumtwi 

Crater and on Ivory Coast tektites (with English abstract)]: Zeitschr. 

Naturforschung, v. 21a, no. 3, p. 226-231. 

The Ivory Coast tektites and Bosumtwi glasses represent fusion products 

of similar materials. 

153 Schnetzler, C. C., Philpotts, J. A., and Thomas, H. H., 1967, Hare-earth and 

barium abundances in Ivory Coast tektites and rocks from the Bosumtwi Crater area, Ghana : Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 10, 

p. 1987-1993. 

154 Schnetzler, C. C., Philpotts, J. A., and Thomas, H. H., 1967, Trace element 

data on Ivory Coast tektites and rocks from the Bosumtwi Crater, 

Ghana [abs.]: Meteorites, v. 3, no. 3, p.123. 

155 Schnetzler, C. C., Pinson, \V. H., and Hurley, P. M., 1966, Rubidium-strontium age of the Bosumtwi Cra,ter area, Ghana, compared with the 

age of the Ivory Coast tektites: Science, v. 151, no. 3712, p. 817-819. 

Evidence available at present suggests that the Ivory Coast tektites are 

most probably the fusion products of meteoritic impact at the Bosumtwi 

CI"ater site. 
22 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1·965..-68 

Ref. 

156 Sky and Telescope, 1965, Bosomtwe-.An .African meteorite crater?: Sky 

and Telescope, v. 30, no. 1, p. 15. 

The Jones-Diehl work (ref.1·51) is reviewed. 

157 Taylor, H. P., Jr., and Epstein, Samuel, 1966, Oxygen isotope studies 

of Ivory Coast tektites and impactite glass from the Bosumtwi Crater, 

Ghana: Science, v. 153, no. 3732, p. 173-175. 

Oxygen isotope for six Ivory Coast tektites, two samples of Bosumtwi 

Crater glass, and two new moldavites are compatible with a terrestrial 

origin for the Ivory Coast tektites. 

158 Wampler, J. M., Smith, D. H., and Cameron, .A. E .. , 1966, Isotopic comparison of lead from Ivory Coast tektites and Bosumtwi Crater materials 

[abs.]: .Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 145. 

See also refs. 15, 17, 29, 33, 38, 39, 220. 

LAKE HUMMELN, SWEDEN 

159 .Ashbrock, Joseph, 1967, Fossil meteorite crater: Sky and Telescope, v. 33, 

no. 2, p. 93. 

160 Nature, 1967, Grater in the lake: Nature, v. 213, no. 5071, p. 7. 

This reviews information presented in ref. 161. 

161 Svensson, N. B., 1966, Lake Hummeln, a possible astrobleme in southern 

Sweden, !-The bottom topography: Sveriges Geol. Undersokning 

Arsb., ser. C. no. 608, 18 p. 

This thesis discusses three theories for the origin of the Lake Hummeln 

depression: volcanism, tectonics, and meteoritic impact. 

LAKE LAPPAJ.lRVI, FINLAND 

(Lat 63°10'N.; long 23°40' E.) 

162 McCall, G. J. H., 1968, Lake Lappajarvi, central Finland-'a possible meteorite impact structure: Nature, v. 218, no. 5147, p. 1152. 

163 Svensson, N. B., 1968, Lake Lappajarvi, central Finland-a possible meteorite impact structure: Nature, v. 217, no. 5127, p. 438. 

Lamellae similar to those found in rocks of suspected meteorite craters 

are reported found in quartz in karnaite boulders from an island in the 

lake. 

164 Sky and Telescope, 1968, .Another fossil meteor crater?: Sky and Telescope, 

v.35,no.4,p.225. 

This is a news note relative to ref. 163. 

LAKE MIEN, SWEDEN 

165 Svensson, N. B., and Wickman, F. E., 1965, Coesite from Lake Mien, 

southern Sweden: Nature, v. 205, no. 4977, p. 1202-1203. 

The finding of coesite in the Lake Mein basin strongly supports the 

theory of its impact origin. 

See also ref. 32. 
MANICOUAGAN-MUSHALAGAN LAKES AREA, QUEBEC 23 

Ref. 

LAKE SILJAN, DALARNA, SWEDEN 

166 Rutten, M. G., 1966, The Silijan ring of Paleozoic, central Sweden-a 

posthumous ring complex of a late Precambrian Dala Porphyries 

caldera; Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 45, no. 5, p. 125-136. 

It is postulated that the Siljan ring structure developed as a result of 

posthumous movements at the site of the ring-complex surrounding a 

caldera from which the Dala Porphyries had erupted earlier. 

167 Starn, J. C., 1967, On the geology and tectonics of the Lake Silijan area, 

central Sweden: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 46, no. 11, p. 467--481. 

The tectonic picture of Paleozoic formations is discussed. Evidence from 

surface geology and a number of drill cores indicate a more complicated 

structure than previously believed. 

LONAR LAKE, INDIA 

168 LaFond, E. C., and Dietz, R. S., 1964, The Lonar Crater (India)-Meteorite crater?: Indian Geophys. Union Jour., v. 1, no. 2, p. 91-97. 

A recent field reconnaissance has tended to support the view that the 

Lonar Crater is probably a Quaternary meteorite crater. 

169 Nandy, N. C., and Deo, V. B., 1961, Origin of the Lonar Lake and its salinity: 

TISCO, v 8, no. 3, p.144-155. 

170 Venkatesh, V., 1965, Geochemical evidence for the origin of the Lonar 

crater, Maharashtra, India: Geol. Soc. American Bull., v. 76, no. 11, 

p. 1315--1316; discussion by H. E. Hawkes, 1967, v. 78, no. 9, p. 1199-

1200; reply by author, p. 1201-1202. 

The observation that nickel and cobalt content of soils, plants, lake 

·sediment, and brines collected within the crater shows no perceptible difference from that of similar material collected at a distance of 10 kilometers from the crater .suggests the lack of meteoritic material in the 

crater. Hawkes answers that experimental sampling at Meteor Crater does 

not support the suggestion that nickel content of soils and plants can be 

used as an evidence of meteoritic origin. 

NICHOLSON LAKE, CANADA 

(Lat 47°39' N.; long 70° 11' W.) 

171 Robertson, P. B., 1967, The Malbaie structure, Quebec-an ancient meteorrite impact site [abs.]: Meteorite. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field 

Calif., 1967, Program. 

MANICOUAGAN-MUSHALGAN LAKES AREA, QUEBEC 

172 Currie, K. L., and Murtaugh, J.D., 1968, A preliminary map of the Manicouagan structure: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 67-70. 

173 Fleischer, R. L., and Price, P. B., 1968, Fission track dating of glass 

from the Manicouagan crater [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 

49, no. 1, p. 272-273. 
24 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1·965,....68 

Ref. 

174 Larochelle, Andre, and Currie, K. L., 1967, Paleomagnetic study of igneous 

rocks from the Manicouagan structure, Quebec : Jour. Geophys. Research,v.72,no.16,p.4163-4169. 

S.tati:stical analysis of the data shows that formation of the Manicouagan 

group has taken 10,000 years or less. 

175 Robertson, W. A., 1967, Manicouagan, Quebec, paleomagnetic results: 

Oanadian Jour. Ear>th Sci., v. 4, no. 4, p. 641-649. 

Comparison with other North American paleomagnetic poles points to 

a possible Triassic age for dacitic material from Manicouagan. 

See also refs. 11, 12, 20, 21, 23, 57. 

MECATINA CRATER, QUEBEC 

See ref. 53. 

MEREWETHER CRATER, LABRADOR 

See ref. 53. 

MIDDLESBORO BASIN, BELL COUNTY, KY. 

176 Dietz, R. S., 1966, Shatter cones at the Middlesboro structure, Kentucky: 

Meteoritics, v. 3, no.1, p. 27-29. 

Shatter cones have been found in two boulders in the central uplift of 

the structure. 

MONTURAQUI CRATER, CHILE 

(Lat 23°55.6' S.; long 68°16.7' W.) 

177 Bunch, T. E., and Cassidy, W. A., 1967, Petrographic and electron microprobe study of the Monturaqui impactite [abs.]: Meteorit. Soc., 30th 

Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, Oalif., 1967, Program. 

178 S·anchez, Joaquin, and Cassidy, W. A., 1966, A previously undescribed 

meteorite crater in Chile: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 71, no. 20, p. 

4891-48~•5; abstract in Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 

144. 

This newly discovered crater, 455 meters average diameter and 31 meters 

average depth, may have been formed by the same meteroid that caused 

the Campo del Cielo Craters. Iron shale and impactite material are evidences of its impact origin. 

179 Sanchez, Joaquin, and Cassidy, W. A., 1968, A previously undescribed 

meteorite crater in Chile [abs.]: Conference on shock metamorphism 

of natural materials, April 14-16, 1966 Goddard Space Flight Center, 

Greenbelt, Md., Program, p. 34. 

NASTAPOKA ISLANDS ARC, HUDSON BAY, CANADA 

180 Schwarz, H. P., 1965, The origin of diamonds in drift of the north central 

United States: Jour. Geology, v. 73, no. 4, p. 657-663. 

Diamonds found in Wisconsin drift in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin were perhaps carried south from an ancient impact crater presently 

outlined by the Nastapoka Islands arc. 

See also ref. 45. 
NICHOLSON LAKE, CANADA 25 

Ref. 

NEW QUEBEC CRATER, UNGAV A, QUEBEC 

181 Currie, K. L., 1965, The geology of the New Quebec Crater: Canadian Jour. 

Earth Sci., v. 2, no. 3, p. 141-160. 

The volcano-tectonic hypothesis for the origin of the New Quebec Crater 

is considered somewhat more attractive than the impact one, since it explains all the structural ·and petrographic features of the crater and since 

there is no evidence of shock criteria. However, the type of volcanics observed has not been !Seen in classical volcanic areas ; the real evidence 

lies beneath 800 feet of water. 

182 Currie, K. L., 1966, Geology of the New Quebec crater [French abs.]: 

Canada Geol. Survey Bull. 150, 36 p. 

Evidence is quantitatively consistent with an origin by collapse of a 

fluid-supported dome. 

See also refs.1, 6, 20, 23, 53. 

NICHOLSON LAKE, NORTHWEST TERRLTORIES, CANADA 

(Lat 62°40' N.; long 102°41' W.) 

See refs. 6, 43. 

ODESSA CRATERS, ECTOR COUNTY, TEX. 

183 Barringer, Brandon, 1967, Historical notes on the Odessa meteorite crater: 

Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 4, p.161-168. 

D. M. Barringer, Jr., identified the crater in 1006. This article reviews 

his work, with notes on subsequent exploration. 

184 Roach, C. H., Lassiter, S. P., and S:terrett, T. S., 1965, Mercury distribution 

at the Odessa meteorite craters, Texas, in AstrogeolDgic studies annual 

progress report, July 1, 1964, to July 1, 1965, pt. B: U.S. Geol. Survey 

open-file rept., p. 151-163. 

This report compares mercury content of subsurface rocks at the craters 

with that of stratigraphically equivalent surface rocks about 1 mile from 

the craters. 

PATOMSKII CRATER, IRKUTSK OBLAST, U.S.S.R. 

185 Krotova, Z. A., and Kandyba, Yu. L., 1966, Issledovaniye Patomskogo 

kratera [Investigation of the Patomsk crater]: Meteoritika, no. 27, p. 

134-138. 

A 1963 expedition made magnetic, induction, and metallometric surveys 

at the Patomsk site withom finding evidence of a large magnetic body, although magnetite particles in the region were recovered. 

PILOT LAKE, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA 

See refs. 1, 43. 

See refs. 1, 53. 

PRETORIA SALT PAN, SOUTH AFRICA 

PUCHEZH-KATUNKI CRATER, U.S.S.R. 

(Lat 56°30' N.; long 43° E.) 

186 Firsov, L. V., 1965, 0 meteoritnom proiskhozhenii Puchezh-Katunskogo 

kratera [On the meteoritic origin of the Puchezh-Katunki crater] : 

Geotektonika, 1965, no. 2, p. 106-118. 
26 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-68 

Ref. 

RIClf.i.T CRATER, MAURITANIA 

187 Trompette, Roland, and Joulia, Fran~ois, 1966, Sur l'origine des analcimolites 

glomerulaires des RichAt Republique Islamique de Mauritanie [Origin 

of clustered analcime rocks from RichAt (Mauritania)]: Acad. Sci. 

[Paris] Oomptes rendus, ser. D, v. 262 no.12, p. 1327-1330. 

An origin either as spring deposits or as playa lake ·sediments is considered possible. 

See also ref. 237. 

RIESKESSEL, BAVARIA, GERMANY 

188 Angenheister, Gustav, 1965, Bemerkungen zu den Vermessungen des erdmagnetischen Feldes im Ries und seiner Umgebung (1902-65) [Remarks 

on the surveys of the geomagnetic field in the Ries and its vicinity 

(1902-65)]: Neues J-ahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 

260-267 [with English summary]. 

Results of eight total-intensity magnetic profiles across the Ries and its 

vicin:Lty .are compared with those of earlier ground magnetic surveys. 

·189 Angenheister, Gustav, and Pohl, Jean, 1967, Beitrage der Geophysik zur 

Erforschung des Rieses von Nordlingen [The contribution of geophysics 

to the investigation of the Nordlingen Ries] : Naturwissenschaften, v. 

54, no. 9, p. 200-216. 

190 Barthel, K. ,V., 1964, Das Ries und sein Werden-Eine geologische Skizze 

[The Ries and its origin-a geological sketch] : Oettingen, FrankischSchwabischer Heimatverlag, 55 p. 

191 El Goresy, Ahmed, 1964, Die ErzmineraUen in den Ries-und HosumtwiKrater-Gliisern und ihre genetische Deutung [The ore minerals in the 

Ries and Bosumtwi crater glasses and their genetic significance] : 

Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 28, no. 12, p. 1881-1891. [with English 

abstract]. 

ResuLts of ore-microscopy investigations on suevites are discussed as suggestive of a meteorite impact origin. 

192 El Goresy, Ahmed, and Donnay, G., 1963, A new allotropic form of carbon 

from the Ries crater: Science, v. 161, no. 3839, p. 363-364 . 

. 193 Engelhardt, ·wolf von, 1965, Mineralogische und petrographische Untersuchungen an Gesteinen des Ries [Mineralogical and petrographic investigations on rocks of the Ries]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, 

nos. 9-11, p. 354-357. 

Investigations on suev:Lte from the Ries are reviewed . 

. 194 Engelhardt, 'Volf von, 1967, Chemical composition of Ries glass bombs: 

Geod1im. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1677-1689. 

Thirty-two chemical analyses of glass bombs from various suevite localities in and near the Ries are presented ; two main glass types can be 

.distinguished. 
RIESKESSEL, BAVARIA, GERMANY 27 

Ref. 

195 Engelhardt, Wolf von, 1967, Neue Beobachtungen im Nordlinger Ries [New 

investig3Jtions in the Nordlingen Ries]: Geol. Rundschau, v. 57, no. 1, 

p. 165-188 [with English summary]. 

Negative anomalies are confirmed ; deep drilling confirms the supposition 

that the Tertiary lake sediments are underlain by suevite which is clearly 

distinguishable from volcanic tuff. 

196 Engelhardt, 'Volf von, and Stoffier, Dieter, 1968, Stages of shock metamorphism in the crystalline rocks of the Ries Basin (Germany), in French, 

Bevan, and Short, N. .M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 159-168. 

197 Engelhardt, Wolf von, Arndt, J., StOffier, Dieter, .Muller, W. F., Jeziorkowski, H., and Gubser, R. A., 1967, Diaplektische Gliiser in den Breccien 

des Ries von Nordlingen als Anzeichen fiir Stosswellenmetamorphose 

[ Diaplectic glasses in the breccia of the Nordlingen Ries as evidence 

of shock metamorphism]: Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 15, no. 1. 

p. 93-102 [with English abstract]. 

Two kinds of shock-produced glasses are found in the Ries basin breccias: 

normal glasses and diaplectic glasses. 

198 Engelhardt, Wolf von, and Horz, Friedri·ch, 1965, Riesgliiser und Molda vite 

[ Ries glasses and molda vites] : Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 29, no. 

6, p. 609-620 [with English abstract]. 

The authors feel that the composition of moldavites cannot be related 

to the crystalline material of the Ries ; a common origin is therefore improbable. 

199 Fischer, Georg, 1965, Einige Betrachtungen zur Genesis des Rieses [Some 

considerations on the genesis of the Ries]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie 

.Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 310-315. 

The concept that meteorite impact may have triggered volcanic activity 

would provide a basis for rt•lating the Steinheim Basin and Drach volcanic 

region to the Ries. 

200 Forstner, Ulrich, 1967, Petrographische Untersuchungen des Suevit aus 

den Bohrungen Deiningen und Wornitzostheim im Ries von Nordlingen 

[Petrographic investigation of suevite in drill holes of Deiningen and 

Wornitzostheim in the Nordlingen Ries]: Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 281-308 [with English abstract]. 

The breccia contains glass and shattered crystalline fragments in different stages of shock metamorphism. 

201 Horz, Friedrich, 1965, Beobachtungen an den RiesgHisern [Observations 

on the Ries glasses]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 

9-11, p. 324-327 [with English summary]. 

Observations made relate to high temperature and pressure characteristics of rthe Ries glass. 

202 Horz, Friedrich, 1965, Geologische Beobachtungen zur Entstehung der 

Suevite [Geological observations on the origin of the suevites]: Neues 
28 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 19 6 5-6 8 

Ref. 

Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 322-323 [with English 

summary]. 

Field evidence suggests that the suevite occurrences of the Ries do not 

represent individual pipes but are remnants of continuous cover formed as 

a product of the last Ries explosion. 

203 Horz, Friedrich, 1965, Untersuchungen an RiesgUisern [Observations on 

the Ries glasses]: Beitr. Mineralogie u. Petrographie, v. 11, no. 7, p. 

621-661. 

Shapes of the Ries glasses, the finding that suevite is rootless, and real 

high-pressure glasses found on remelting Ries glass lead the author to 

conclude that the Ries is of impact origin. 

204 Huttner, R., and Wagner, G. H., 1965, Uber Lagerung und Herkunft einiger 

Suevitvorkommen [On the position and origin of some suevite occurrences]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 316-

322 [with English summary]. 

The suevites of the Ries area appear to be rootless. 

205 Johnson, G. C., and Vand, Vladimir, 1967, Application of a lfuurier data 

smoothing technique to the meteoritic crater Ries Kessel: Jour. Geophys. 

Research. 72, no. 6, p. 1741-1750. 

206 Jung, Karl, 1965, Gravimetermessungen in der Umgebung des Rieses [Gravimetric measurements in the vicinity of the Ries]: Neues Jahrb. 

Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 277-279 [with English 

summary]. 

207 Jung, Karl, Menzel, Heinz, and Rosenbach, Otto, 1965, Gravimeter-messungen im Nordlinger Ries [Gravimeter measurements in the Nordlingen 

Ries]: ZeLtschr. Geophysik, v. 31, no.1, p. 7-26 [with English summary]. 

208 Jung, Karl, and Schaaf, H., 1967, Gravimetermessungen im Nordlinger Ries 

und seiner Umgebung, Abschiitzung der gesamten Defizitmasse [Gravimeter surveys in the Nordlingen Ries and its vicinity-Estimation of 

the total mass deficit] : Zeitschr. Geophysik, v. 33, no. 5, p. 319-345. 

Results of a gravity survey in the area surrounding the Ries are shown 

in ·a map of lsograms of the Bouguer gravity anomalies and a table con-

:taining all gravity and topographic data of the stations. 

209 Mosebach, Rudolf, 1964, Das Nordlinger Ries, vulkanischer Explosionskrater oder Einschlagstelle eines Grossmeteoriten? [The Nordlingen 

Ries, a volcanic explosion crater or place of impact of a large meteorite?]: Oberhessischen Gesell. Natur-u. Heilkunde Giessen Ber., Naturw. 

Abt., v. 33, nos. 1-3, p. 165-204. 

210 Pohl, Jean, 1965 Die Magnetisierung der Suevite des Rieses [The megnetization of the suevites of the Ries] : Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 

1965, nos. 9-11, p. 268-276 [with English summary]. 

The intensity and direction of nmgneltization suggest that suevite may 

be the cause of the negative anomaly over the Ries. 

211 Preuss, Ekkehard, 1965, Ein Tektit-artiger Glaskorper aus dem Suevit von 

Goldburghausen im Ries [A tektitelike glass body from the suevite at 
Ref. 

RIESKESSEL, BAVARIA, GERMANY 29 

Goldburghausen in 'the Ries]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, 

nos. 9-11, p. 327-331 [with English summary]. 

It is suggested that the moldavites were formed from layers of theMesozoic complex at the same time as the Ries crater. 

212 Preuss, Ekkehard, 1965, Zum Ries-Kolloquium am 25. und 26. Juni 1965 

in Tti.bingen [On the Ries symposium on June 25 and 26, 1965, in Tiibingen]: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 257-260. 

213 Remo, John, 1967, A physical model for the terrestrial origin of tektites 

[abs.]: Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 3, p. p. 122. 

A theoretical study of tektite formation is made, using the Ries Crater 

as a model. 

214 StOffler, Dieter, 1965, Anzeichen besonderer mechanischer Beanspruchung 

an Mineralien der Kristallineinschliisse des Suevits ( Stosswellenmetamorphose) [Marks of special mechanical stress on minerals of the 

crystalline inclusions in the suevite (shock-wave metamorphism)]: 

Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 350-354. 

Shock-wave-induced deformations and transformations are found to decrease in degree outward from the center of the Ries Basin. 

215 Stoffler, Dieter, 1966, Zones of impact metamorphism in the crystalline rocks 

of the Nordlingen Ries crater: Beitr. Mineralogie u. Petrographie, v. 

12, no. 1, p. 15-24. 

Fragments of crystalline basement rocks in suevite display a continuous 

gradation of metamorphism. A classification of varying impact facies in 

crystalline rocks is proposed. 

216 StOffler, Dieter, 1967, Deformation und Umwandlung von Plagiokla·s durch 

Stosswellen in den Gesteinen des Nordlinger Ries [Deformation and 

transformation of plagioclase by shock in rocks of the Nordlingen 

Ries]: Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 51-83 [wi'th 

English abstract]. 

Plagioclase from fragments of crystalline basement rocks in breccias of 

the Ries area displays characteristic plastic deformation and phase transition phenomena due to shock metamorphism at different pressures in the 

range of 100-1,000 kilobars. 

217 Treibs, ·walter, 1965, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Geologie des Rieses und 

ostlichen Vorrieses nach Beobachtungen in Rohrgraben der ReinDonau-Olleitung [Contribution to the knowledge of the geology of the 

Ries and the eastern Vorries from an observation of pipes of RheinDonau-Olleitung]: Geol. Bavarica, no. 55, p. 310-316. 

218 Triebs, Walter, 1965, Geologische Beobachtungen beim Bau der RheinDonau-Olleitung im bayerischen Teil des Rieses und im ostlichen 

Vorries [Geologic observations during construction of the Rhine-Danube 

oil pipeline in the Bavarian part of the Ries and east of the Ries] : 

Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 308-309. 

Excavations revealed the extent of the "bunte breccia" and some new 

occurrences of suevite. 
30 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-68 

Ref. 

219 Wagner, G. H., 1964, Kleintektonische Untersuchungen im Gebiet des 

Nordlinger Rieses [l\Iicrotectonic investigation in the region of the 

Nordlingen Ries] : Geol. Jahrb., v. 81, no. 6, p. 519-600 [with English 

abstract]. 

220 Zahringer, Joseph, and Gentner, Wolfgang, 1966, Stravitel'noye opredeleniye 

kali-afrgonovogo vozrasta tektitov, stekol Nordlinger Ris (FRG), 

Bosumtvi (Gana) i drugikh prirodnykh stekol [Comparative determination of the potassium-argon age of tektites, glasses of the Nordlingen 

Ries ("West Germany), Bosumtwi (Ghana), and other natural glasses]: 

Meteoritika, no. 27, p. 151-152. 

221 Ziehr, Heinz, 1965, Uranhaltige Siisswasserkalke am Steinberg im Ries 

[Uranium-bearing freshwater limestones at Steinberg in the Ries]: 

Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Mona.tsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 358-367. 

See also refs. 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 29, 32, 33, 38, 39, 57, 99, 103. 

ROTER XAMM, SOUTH AFRICA 

(Lat 27°46' S.; long 16°18' E.) 

222 Dietz R. S., 1965, Roter Kamm, Southwest Africa-probable meteorite 

crater: Meteoritics, v. 2, no. 4, p. 311-314. 

This is the first reporting of a highly probable impact crater, 1.5 miles 

across and depressed 400 feet below the rim and 100 feet below the surrounding plain. 

223 Dietz, R. S., 1966, Addendum to paper on Roter Kamm : Meteoritics, v. 3, 

no. 1, pp. 33-34. 

The Roter Kamm bolide is computed to have been about 92 meters in 

diameter; the apparent depth of the crater, 4,700 feet; the depth of crater 

fill, 4,300 feet. 

SERPENT MOUND STRUCTURE, ADAMS COUNTY, OHIO 

224 Bull, C. B., Corbato, C. E., and Zahn, J. C., 1967, Gravity survey of the 

Serpent Mound area, southern Ohio: Ohio Jour. Sci., v. 67, no. 6, 

p. 359-371. 

A closely spaced network of gravity stations extending beyond the limits 

of :the surface expression of the ring structure s,hows no gravity anomaly 

pattern that can be related to the surface features. 

SIERRA MADERA STRUCTURE, PECOS COUNTY, TEX. 

225 Howard, K. A., and Offield, T. W., 1968, Shatter cones in Sierra Madera, 

Texas: Science, v. 162, no. 3850, p. 261-265. 

226 Kelly, A. 0., 1966, A water-impact hypothesis for the Sierra Madera structure in Texas : Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 79-82. 

227 Lowman, P. D., Jr., 1965, Magnetic reconnaissance of Sierra Madera, Texas, 

and nearby igneous intrusions, in Geological problems in lunar research: 

New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v.123, art. 2, p.1182-1197. 

This paper presents the results of a magnetic reconnaissance of Sierra 

Madera and three igneous intrusions, made in 1961 ; it is concluded that the 

balance of evidence presently favors the theory that the Sierra Madera 
Ref. 

SUDBURY BASIN, ONTARIO 31 

structure is the result of displacement and brecciation by a syenite intrusion under the southeast corner. 

228 Wilshire, H. G., and Howard, K. A., 1968, Structural patterns in central 

uplifts and cryptoexplosion structures as typified by Sierra Madera : 

Science,v.162,no.3850,p.258-261. 

SIKHOTE-ALIN CRATERS, U.S.S.R. 

See ret. 47. 

SOCOTRA CRATER, SOCOTRA 

229 Milton, D. J., 1965, Alleged meteorite crater on Soqotra: Briltish Astron. 

Assoc. Jour., v. 75, no. 4, p. 283. 

This note reports correspondence with geologists in the Aden area, which 

suggests that the Socotra feature be eliminated from lists of possible impact 

structures. 

See ref. 61. 

STEEN RIVER STRUCTURE, ALBERTA 

(Lat 51 oN.: long 117° W.) 

STEINHEIM BASIN, GERMANY 

230 Engelhardt, Wolf von, Bertsch, W., StOfHer, Dieter, Groschopf, P., and 

Reiff, W., 1967, Anzeichen flir den meteoritischen Ursprung des Beckens 

von Steinheim [Evidence for the meteoritic origin of the Steinheim 

basin]: Naturwissenschaften, v. 54, no. 8, p.198-199. 

231 Groschopf, P., and Reiff, W., 1966, Ergebnisse neuerer Untersuchungen im · 

Steinheimer Becken [Result of a new investigation in the Steinheim 

Basin]: Ver. VaterUind. Naturkunde Wlirttemiberg Jahreshefte, v. 121, 

p.155-168. 

232 Jensch, A., 1965, Geophysikalische Messungen im Steinheimer Becken 

[Geophysical measurement in the Steinheim basin] : Neues Jahrb. 

Mineralogie Monatsh., 1965, nos. 9-11, p. 279-284 [with English 

summary.] 

Three phases of formation can perhaps be defined. 

See also ref. 199. 

SUDBURY BASIN, ONTARIO 

233 Bray, J. G., and others, 1966, Shatter cones at Sudbury: Jour. Geology,. 

v.74,no.2,p.243-245. 

Field distribution and orientation of shatter cones are not incompatible 

with the idea of Sudbury as an astrobleme, but the author withholds judgment on impact origin pending further data. 

234 French, B. M., 1967, Sudbury structure, Ontario-some petrographic evidence 

for origin by meteorite impact: Science, v. 156, no. 3778, p. 1094-1098 ~ 

a 1bstract in Meteoritics, v. 3, no. 3, p. 110. 

Unusual deformation structures, similar to those observed in rocks from 

known and suspected meteorite impact cra1ters, are observed in inclusions 

of basement rock in the Onaping Formation at Sudbury. It is suggested 

tbat the Onaping Formation consists of shocked and melted material deposited immedirutely after a meteorite impact which formed the Sudbury 

basin. 
32 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1-965,....68 

Ref. 

235 Sudbury Field Trip Committee, 1966, Sudbury nickel irruptive tour, in 

Inst. Lake Superior Geology, 12th ann., 1966: Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., 

Michigan Technol. Univ., 11 p. 

A bibliography of Sudbury basin geology is included. 

See also refs. 28, 57. 

TENOUMER CRATER, MAURITANIA 

236 Monod, Theodore, and Pomerol, Charles, 1966, Le cratere de Tenoumer 

(Mauritanie) et ses laves [The Tenoumer crater (Mauritania) and its 

lavas]: Soc. Geol. France Bull., ser. 7, v. 8, no. 2, p. 165-172. 

The authors consider this structure to be a caldera of the ring-dike type. 

TIBESTI CRATER, CHAD 

(Lat 21 °30' N. ; long 17°30' E.) 

237 Lowman, P. D., Jr., McDivitt, J. A., and White, E. H., 2d, 1967, Terrain 

photography on the Gemini-IV mission-preliminary report: U.S. 

Natl. Aeronautics and Space Adm. Tech. Note D-3982, 15 p. 

Figure 6, page 9, shows a previously unknown circular structure in the 

Tibesti Mountains, 110 kilometers south and 42° west of the volcano Emi 

Koussi. 

238 Mumford, G. S., 1967, New giant crater in Africa?: Sky and Telescope, v. 34, 

no.l, p.12. 

TUNGUSKA EVENT, PODKAMMENAYA TUNGUSKA RIVER, SIBERIA 

239 Boyarkina, A. P., Demin, D. V., Zotkin, I. T., and Tast, V. G., 1964, Izucheniye udarnoy volny Tungusskogo meteorita po vyzvannym yeye razrusheniyam lesa [Study of the shock wave of the Tunguska meteorite from 

the data of its destrucrtion of the forest]: Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 112-128. 

240 Cowan, Clyde, Atluri, C. R., and Libby, W. F., 1965, Possible anti-matter 

content of the Tunguska meteor of 1908: Nature, v. 206, no. 4987, p. 

861-865. 

241 FesenJmv, V. G., 1966, A study of the Tunguska meteorite fall: Astron. 

Zhur., v. 43, no. 2, p. 241-265 [in Russian] ; translated in Soviet Astron.-

AJ, v. 10, no. 2, p. 195-215. 

242 Ivanov, K. C., 1964, Geomagnitnyy effekt Tungusskogo padeniya [Geomagnetic effect of the Tunguska fall]: Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 141-151. 

243 Katasev, L.A., and Kulikova, N. V., 1967, 0 dvizhenni Tungusskogo meteorita 

v atmosfere zemli [Motion of the Tunguska meteorite in the earth's 

atmosphere]: Astron. Vestnik, v. 1, no. 1, p. 54-58. 

244 Kirova, 0. A., and Zaslavskaya, N. I., 1966, Nekotoryve dannyye o raspylennom veshchestve iz rayona padeniya Tungusskogo meteorita [Some 

dwta on pulverized matter from the rt>gion of fall of the Tunguska 

meteorite]: Meteoritika, no. 27, p. 119-127. 

The finding of spherules and related formations of both magnetite and 

silicate composition is considered evidence of a variety of original materials 

and a support to the cometary theory of origin. 
TUNGUSKA EVENT, SIBERIA 33 

Ref. 

245 Marshall, L., 1966, Non-anti-matter nature of the Tunguska meteor: Nature, 

v.212,na.5067,p.1226. 

246 Martin, Hans, 1965, Geophysikalische Betrachtungen zur Tunguska-Katastrophe 1908 [Geophysical considerations on the Tunguska catastrophe 

of 1908]: Karl-Marx-Univ. Leipzig Wiss. Zeitschr., Math.-Naturw. 

Reihe, v.13, no. 3, p. 401. 

Seismic waves from the Tunguska event were recorded at only four observatories, the most distant being at Jena, 5,270 kilometers away. 

247 Martin, Hans, 1966, Die Tunguska-Katastrophe in geophysikalischer Sicht 

[The Tunguska catastrophe in a geophysical light] : Sterne, v. 42, no. 

3-4, p. 45-51. 

248 Nekrasov, V. I., and Yemel'yanov, Yu. M., 1966, Kharakteristik "dokatastrofnogo" lesa v rayona padeniye Tungusskogo meteorita [Nature of the 

"precatastrophe" forest in the region of the Tunguska meteorite fall] : 

Meteoritika, no. 27, p.128-133. 

An 3Jttempt is made to reconstruct the state of the forest before the meteor 

fall. 

249 Plekhanov, G. F., 1964, Nekotoryye itogi raboty Kompleksnoy samodeyatel' 

noy ekspeditsii po izucheniyu problemy Tungusskogo meteorita [Some 

results of operations of the Joint Independent Expedition to study the 

problem of 1the Tunguska meteorite]: Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 170-176. 

250 Pokrovskiy, G. I., 1964, Deformatsii gornyk porod v zone meteoritnykh 

kraterov [Deformation of rocks in the meteor crater zones]: Meteoritika, no. 24, p. 99-107. 

251 Pokrovskiy, G. I., 1966, 0 vzryve meteornykh tel, dvizhushchikhsya v 

atmosfere [On the explosion of meteoric bodies moving in the atmosphere] : Meteoritika, no. 27, p. 103-108. 

The orientation pattern of the fallen trees is considered. 

252 Tsvetkov, V. I., and Boyarkina, A. P., 1966, Rezul'taty oprosa novykh 

ochevidtsev padeniya Tungusskogo meteorita 1908 g. [Results of interrogation of new witnesses of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite 

of 1908], in Meteornaya materiya v atmosfere zemli, sbornik statey: 

Moscow, Akademiya Nauk SSSR Vsesoiuznoe Astronomo-Geodezicheskoe Obshchestvo, p. 81-92. 

Evidence from a number of individuals who saw or heard the Tunguska 

event is compiled. 

253 Zolotov, A. V., 1957, K voprosu o kontsentratsii energii pri vzryve Tungusskogo kosmicheskogo tela [Energy concentration in the explosion 

of the Tunguska cosmic body] : Zhur. Teknicheskoi Fiziki, v. 37, p. 

2089-2094. 

254 Zolotov, A. V., 1967, K voprosy o vozmozhnosti "teplovogo" vzryva i strukture tungusskogo kosmicheskogo tela [On the problem of the possible 

"thermal" explosion and structure of the Tunguska cosmic body] : 

Akad. Nauk SSSR Do.klady, v. 172, no. 4, p. 805-808. 
34 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 196'5..-68 

Ref. 

·255 Zolotov, A. V., 1967, Otsenka parametrov tungusskogo kosmicheskogo tela 

po novym dannym [Calculation of the parameters of the Tunguska 

cosmic body according to new data) : Akad. Nauk SSSR Doklady, v. 

172,no. 5,p. 1049-1052. 

256 Zotkin, I. T., and Tsikulin, M.A., 1966, Modelirovanie vzryva Tungusskogo 

meteorita [Modeling of the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite]: 

A.kad. Nauk SSSR Doklady, v.167, no.1, p. 59-62. 

See also ref. 47, 

VERSAILLES STRUCTURE, WOODFORD COUNTY, KY. 

257 Black, D. F. B., 1965, Cryptoexplosion structure near Versailles, Kentucky, 

in Geol. Soc. Kentucky, Field trip 1965: Lexington, Kentuc~y Geol. 

Survey, p. 44-51 [originally published 1964]. 

VREDEFORT STRUOTURE, SOUTH AFRICA 

258 Manton, W. I., 196~5, The orientation and origin of shatter cones in the 

Vredefort Ring, in Geological problems in lunar research: New York 

Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 1017-1049. 

The author discusses here the problem of shatter cone location in the 

Vredefort Ring and objection to a shock wave origin. 

See also refs. 1, 9, 13, 28, 45. 

WABAR CRATERS, SAUDI ARABIA 

259 Short, N.M., 1966, Shock-lithification of unconsolidated rock materials: 

Science, v. 154, no. 3747, p. 382-384. 

Sandstonelike lumps found at Wabar are similar to shock-lithified sands 

produced by explosion shock. 

See also refs. 8, 15-17, 29, 58, 59. 

WELLS CREEK STRUCTURE, STEWART COUNTY, TENN. 

260 Starns, R. G., Wilson, C. W., Jr., Tiedemann, H. A., Wilcox, J. T., and 

Marsh, P. S., 1968, The Wells Creek structure, Tennessee, in French, 

Bevan, and Short, N. M., eds., Shock metamorphism of natural materials : Baltimore, Md., Mono Book Corp., p. 323-338. 

The most likely origin of the Wells Creek structure is believed to be 

meteor impact because of shatter-cone orientation and distribution. 

261 Stearns, R. G., Tiedemann, H. A., and 'Vilson, C. W., Jr., 1968, Geologic map 

of the Needmore quadrangle, Tennessee: Tennessee Div. Geology Geol. 

Map GM 38-NE. 

262 Tiedemann, H. A., Wilson, C. W., Jr., and Stearns, R. G., 1968, Geologic map 

of the Cumberland City quadrangle, Tennessee: Tennessee Div. Geology 

Geol. Map GM 3'8-NW. 

~68 Wilson, C. W., Jr., and Stearns, R. G., 1966, Circumferential faulting around 

Wells Creek basin, Houston and Stewart Counties~, Tennessee-a manuscript by J. M. S.afford and W. T. Lander, about 1895: Tennessee Acad. 

Sci., Jour., v. 41, no. 1, p. 37-48; reprinted in Tennessee Div. Geology 

Inform. Circ. no. 15. 
WOLF CREEK CRATER, WESTERN AUSTRALIA 35 

Ref. 

264 Wilson, C. ,V., Jr., Tiedemann, H. A., and Stearns, R. G., 1968, Meteor impact 

as a model for 'Vells Creek Basin [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 

Paper 101, p. 241. 

See also refs. 9, 28. 

WEST HAWK LAKE, MANITOBA 

265 Halliday, Ian, and Griffin, A. A., 1966, Preliminary results from drilling 

at the West Hawk Lake crater: Royal Astron. Soc. Canada Jour., 

v. 60, no. 2, p. 59-68: reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory 

Contr., v. 4, ·no. 22, 10 p. 

266 Halliday, Ian, and Griffin, A. A., 1967, Summary of drilling at the West 

Hawk Lake crater: Royal Astron. Soc. Canada, v. 61, no. 1, p. 1-8; 

reprinted in Ottawa Dominion Observatory Contr., v. 4, no. 25,8 p. 

Results from a second diamond drilling are deseribed ; the present lake 

was probably derived by severe erosion of a crater originally 9,000 feet in 

diameter. 

267 Short, N. M., 1967, The anatomy of an impact crater-West Hawk Lake, 

Manitoba, Canada [abs.]: Meteorit. Soc., 30th Ann. Mtg., Moffett Field, 

Calif., 1967, Program. 

See also ref. 20, 42. 

WOLF CREEK CRATER, WESTERN AUSTRALIA 

268 Knox, Reed, Jr., 1967, Surviving metal in meteoritic iron oxides from the 

Wolf Creek, Western Australia, meteorLte crater: Meteoritics, v. 3, 

no. 4, p. 23~238. 

269 McCall, G. J. H., 1965, Possible meteorite craters-Wolf Creek, Australia 

and analogs, in Geological problems in lunar research: New York Acad. 

Sci. Annals, v. 123, art. 2, p. 970-998. 

Shale balls containing only minute specks of native metal and no association with fresh iron fragments are found in this enigmatic crater. Dirutremes 

and at least one diapiric structure are located nearby. Conflicting evidence 

seems to favor a crytovolcanic origin for the crater. 

See also refs. 57, 88, 95. 

AUTHOR INDEX 

Ref. 

A 

Aitken, F. K--------------------- 1 

Amstutz, G. C----------------- 2, 3, 108 

Anders, Edward_________________ 79 

Angenheister, Gustav ___________ 188, 189 

Annen, Charles------------------- 71 

Arndt, J ------------------------- 197 

Ashbee, K. H. G------------------ 92 

Ashbrook, Joseph_________________ 159 

Atluri, C. R--------------------- 240 

Ayer, N. J----------------------- 73 

B 

Barringer, Brandon _____________ 142, 183 

Barringer, R. W ------------------ 4 

Barthel, W -------------------- 190, 230 

Beals, C. S--------------- 5, 6, 102, 145 

Beaty, J. J---------------------- 74 

Bennett, M. A-------------------- 75 

Bertaud, C----------------------- 109 

Bertsch, W -------------------- 31, 103 

Binns, R. A---------------------- 110 

Black, D. F. B-------------------- 257 

Bohn, Ernst---------------------- 7 

Bostock, H. H-------------------- 100 

Boyarkina, A. P ---------------- 239, 252 

Bray, J. G----------------------- 233 

Brereton, R. G-------------------- 16 

Brett, Robin______________________ 128 

Bucher, W. H--------------------- 9, 64 

Bull, C. B------------------------ 224 

Bunch, T. E-----------10-12, 93, 96, 177 

c 

Cameron, A. E-------------------- 158 

Carter, N. L----------------- 13, 14, 101 

Cassidy, W. A--------- 88, 93-96, 177-179 

Chao, E. C. T---------- 15-18, 69-71, 81 

Cocks, G. C---------------------- 59 

Cohen, A. J ------------------- 11, 12, 145 

Cohenour, R. E------------------- 19 

Cook, C. S----------------------- 77 Cook, P. J ________________ 123, 124, 126 

Corbato, C. E-------------------- 224 

Cowan, Clyde_____________________ 240 

Crook, K. A. W ---------------- 125, 126 

Currie, K. L--------------------- 20, 

21, 89, 98, 172, 174, 181, 182 

Cuttitta, Frank___________________ 71 

Ref. 

Demin, D. V--------------------- 239 

Dence, M. R--------------------- 11, 

12, 23, 24, 43, 56, 102, 145 

Deo, V. B------------------------ 169 

Diehl, C. H. H-------------------- 151 

Dietz, R. s __ 25-28, 127, 168, 176, 222, 223 

Donnay, G----------------------- 192 

Dremin, A. N-------------------- 58 

Dwornik, E. J ------------------- 69, 70 

E 

El Goresy, Ahmed ______ 29, 147, 191, 192 

Elston, W. E--------------------- 30 

Engelhardt, Wolf von_____________ 31, 

32, 103, 193-198, 230 

Epstein, SamueL----------------- 157 

F 

Faul, Henry----------------------

Fesenkov, V. G-------------------

Findlay, D. C--------------------

Firsov, L. V ---------------------- Fischer, Georg ___________________ _ 

Fleischer, R. L-------------------- Forstner, Ulrich _________________ _ 

Freeberg, J. H--------------------

French, B. M------------------- 36, 

G 

33 

241 

34 

186 

199 

173 

200 

35 

234 

Gallant, R6ne-------------------- 37 

Gentner, Wolfgang ___________ 38, 39, 148 

Gerdemann, P. E------------------ 65 

Gigl, Paul------------------------ 22 

Gold, D. P ----------------------- 1, 90 

Griffin, A. A------------------- 265, 266 

Groschopf, P--------------------- 231 

Gross, W. H---------------------- 40 

Gubser, R. A--------------------- 197 

H 

Hall, R. A----------------------- 78 

Halliday, Ian--------------- 6, 265, 266 

Hartmann, W. K----------------- 41 

Hawkes, H. E------------------- 170 

Heissel, Werner------------------ 144 

Hendriks, H. E------------------ 107 

Heymann, Dieter----------------- 79 

Hodge, P. W--------------------- 130 

Horz, Friedrich _______ 103, 198, 201-203 

Howard, K. A------------------ 225, 228 

D 

Dachille, Frank------------------- Dehousee, Martin ________________ _ 

Humiston, L. E·------------------ 87 

22 Hurley, P. M--------------------- 155 

91 Huttner, R----------------------- 204 

37 
38 TERRESTIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-68 

Ref. Ref. 

I ~loss, F. J ----------------------- 129 

Innes, M. J. S-------------- 42, 43, 102 Miiller, W. F -------------------- 31, ~:~ 

Ivanov, K. G-------------------- 242 Mumford, G. 8-------------------- 172 

Murtaugh, J. D-------------------

J N 

49 Jamieson, J. c ___________________ _ 

Jensch, A------------------------ 232 Nandy, N. C---------------------- 169 

160 

248 

Jeziorkowski, H _________________ _ 197 Nature --------------------------

Nekrasov, V. 1--------------------

Niclsen, BettY-------------------- Johnson, G. C-------------------- 44 

Johnson, G. C-------------------- 201J 

Jones, G. H. S-------------------- 151 

Joulia, Fran(;ois__________________ 187 

Jung, Karl _____________________ 206-208 

K 

Kandyba, Yu. L------------------ 185 

Katasev, L. A----··--------------- 243 

Kelly, A. 0----------------- 45, 46, 226 

Kirova, 0. A--------------------- Q44 Kitzes, Esther____________________ 146 

Kleinmann, B-------------------- 39 

Knox, Reed, Jr___________________ 268 

Kohman, T. P -------------------- 96 

Kolbe, P ---------------------- 139, 150 

Krause, D. C-------------------- 122 

Kraut, Fran(;ois__________________ 99 

Kravtzev, D. !____________________ 111 

Krinov, E. L--------------------- 47 

Krotova, Z. A-------------------- 185 

Kulikova, N. V ------------------- 243 

L 

LaFond, E. C-------------------- 168 

Lane, F. W ----------------------- 48 

Larochelle, Andre_________________ 17 4 

Lassiter, S. P -------------------- 184 

Libby, W. F ---------------------- 240 

Lippolt, H. J --------------------- 152 

Lipschutz, M. E------------------ 79, 80 

Littler, JaneL-------------------- 81 

Lowman, P. D., Jr ______________ 227, 237 

l\1 

McCall, G. J. H---------------- 162, 

McDivitt, J. A--------------------

Mcintyre, D. B-------------------

McQueen, R. G--------------------

Manton, W. 1--------------------

Marsh, P. S----------------------

Marsh, S. P ----------------------

Marshall, L----------------------

Martin, Hans------------------ 246, 

Marvin, T. C---------------------

Marvin, U. B--------------------

269 

237 

104 

49 

258 

260 

49 

245 

247 

106 

106 ~lead, c. w _____________________ _ Menzel, Heinz ___________________ _ 

Merrill, C. W ---------------------

Michel, F. C---------------------

Miller, E------------------------

Millman, P. M--------------------

81 

207 

69-71 

134 

150 

Milton, D. J ------- 96, 128, 131-134, Monod, Theodore ________________ 51, 

Mosebach, Rudolf_ _____ -----------

50 

229 

236 

209 

0 

O'Connell, Edna------------------

Offield, T. W --------------------- Opik, E. J ______________________ _ 

79 

52 

225 

97 

Oriti, R. A----------------------- 82 

p 

Pennsylvania. State University, Department of Geochemistry and 

Mineralogy -------------------- 53 

Philpotts, J. A---------------- 153, 154 

Pinson, W. H., Jr •. ------------- 150, 155 

Plekhanov, G. F------------------ 249 

Pohl, Jea:a ____________________ 189, 210 

Pokrovskiy, G. L ___________ 54, 250, 251 

Pomerol, Charles_________________ 236 

Preuss, Ekkehard ______________ 211, 212 

Price, P. B---------------------- 173 

R 

Reiff, W------------------------- 231 Ren1o, John______________________ 213 

Roach, C. H---------------------- 184 

RobPrts, W. A------------------- 55, 83 

Robertson, P. B ____________ 56, 147, 171 

Robertson, W. A---------------- 43, 175 Roddy, D. J ____________________ 112-121 

Rodionov, V. N___________________ 58 

Ronca, L. B---------------------- 57 

Rosenbach, OttO-------·---------- 207 

Rutten, M. G--------------------- 166 

Ryabinin, Yu. N------------------ 58 

s 

Sanchez, Joaquin _____________ 178, 179 

Saul, J. ~~---------------------- 150 

Schaaf, II----------------------- 208 

Schnetzler, C. C---------------- 153-155 

Schwarcz, H. P ------------------ 180 

Sclar, C. B----------------------- 59 

Seeger, C. R------------------- 140, 141 

Shafiquallah, M----------------•- 21, 89 

Sharp, B. J______________________ 19 

Shevchenko, V. K---------------- 72 

Short, N. 1\L ____________ 59-64, 259, 267 

Shrock, R. R--------------------- 143 

Simons, P. Y--------------------- 22 

Sijpkens, J. P -------------------- 40 

Sky and Telescope ______________ 156, 164 

Smith, C. II---------------------- 34 

Smith, D. H---------------------- 158 

Snyder, F. 0--------------------- 65, 66 
AUTHOR INDEX 39, 

Ref. 

Starn, J. C----------------------- 167 

Stearns, R. G-------------- 260, 262-264 

Sterrett, T. S--------------------- 184 

Stober, ~erner------------------- 7 

StOfHer, Dieter------------------- 32, 

103,. 196-197, 214---.216, 230 

Struve, Otto _____________________ 67, 84 

Sudbury Field Trip Committee______ 23o 

Sumner, J. S--------------------- 86 

Svensson, N. B ____________ 161, 163, 165 

T 

Tast, V. G----------------------- 239 

Taylor, H. P., Jr__________________ 157 

Taylor, S. R------------------- 135-139 

Thomas, H. H-------------------- 154 

Tiedemann, H. A __________ 260, 261, 264 

Treibs, Walter----------------- 217, 218 

Trompette, Roland---------------- 187 

Tsikulin, M. A-------------------- 256 

Tsvetkov, V. 1------------------- 252 

Villar, L. M----------------------

Vos, M. A------------------------

w 

Ref. 

96" 

56,. 

Wagner, G. A-------------------- 39 

Wagner, G. H----------------- 204, 219 

Walker, W. W -------------------- 68 

Wampler, J. M------------------- 158 

Wasserburg, G. J ---------------- 152 ·-

Weber, R------------------------ 85_ 

White, E. H., 2d------------------ 237 

Wickman, F.. E------------------ 165 

Wilcox, J. T--------------------- 260. 

Wilkins, J., Jr___________________ 86 

Wilshire, H. G-------------------- 228 

Wilson, C. W., Jr _______________ 260-264 

y 

Yemel'yanov, Yu. M--------------- 248 

z 

Zahn, J. C----------------------- u 

U.S. Geological Survey ___________ _ 105 Zahringer, Joseph ________________ _ 

Zaslavskaya, N. L----------------

224 

220. 

244 

v 

Vand, Vladimir-------------------

Vassamilet, L. F ------------------

Venkrutesh, V --------------------

Ziehr, HeinZ--------------------- 221 

205 Zimmermann, R. A--------------- 108 

92 Zoh}tov, A. V ------------------ 253-255-. 

170 Zotkin, I. T------------------- 239, 256. .. 

0