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# OAR Box 1811 Prepped byKeeia Richards



### Document

Number: 

# 25 ) 1 1 -A-6 Docket Number: 

# A-84-2 2

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# inspectio n procedure

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### Stationar ySourc e Enforcemen t Division , Offic e o fGenera l Enforcement , Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Washington , D . C
. 2046 0P. 3



### EPAVISIBL E EMISSIONINSPECTIONPROCEDURE S

Augus t 197 5

Prepare d By Kennet hB . Malmber g Divisio n o f Stationar ySourc e Enforcemen t Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Washington , D . C .P. 4



### EPAVISIBL E EMISSIONINSPECTIONPROCEDURE S

TABL E O F CONTENT S Pag e No . I . PREFAC E 2 A . Background 2 B . Introductio n 2 II . PRE-ENTRY PROCEDURE S 3 A . Literatur e Revie w3 B . Revie wan

d Preparatio n 5 C . Notification s 6 D . V E Regulation s 9 E . Arriva l a t th e Sourc e 1 0 III . ENTRY 1 0 A . Introductio n 1 0 B . Signing-I n Procedure s 1 2 IV . INSPECTIONPROCEDURE S 1 5 A . Persona l Contact s 1 5 B . Sourc e Type s 1 8 C . Methodology1 9 D . Non-Stac k Emissio n Source s 2 5 V . REPOR T WRITING 3 0 A . Th e Narrativ e 3 0 B . Th e Fiel d Repor t 3 1 VI . PHOTOGRAPH Y 3 5P. 5



### EP A VISIBL E EMISSIONINSPECTIONPROCEDURE S

I . PREFAC E A . Background Thi s documen t i s intende d t o explai n th e makin g o f visibl e emissio n observation s from th e evaluator' s viewpoint , t o insur e credibility , accuracy , and completenes s i n hi s work . Shoul d th e evaluato r b e relie d upo n t o late r explai n and elaborat e o n hi s results , b

yfollowin g acceptabl e procedure s h e ca n assur e consistent , accurate , and confiden t response s t o examinatio n i n a judicia l proceeding . B . Introductio n Thi s documen t set s fort hprocedure s fo r th e performanc e o f visibl e emissio n evaluation s o f proces s operations . Th e procedure s belo war e intende d fo r us e b yEPAinspectors . Thi s guidelin e define s acceptabl e fiel d technique s fo r makin g opacit y evaluation s fo r purpose s o f complianc e monitorin g and enforcemen t cas e development . Opacit yevaluation s o f visibl e emission s ar e th e singl ymos t effectiv e fiel d enforcemen t regulatio n availabl e fo r particulat e emissio n preventio n and control . Th e method s describe d her e hav e gaine d acceptanc e ove r th e year s b yvariou s Stat e and loca l ai r pollutio n contro l agencie s an d EP Aregiona l office s i n thei r respectiv e fiel d enforcemen t programs . Thes e method s ar e se t fort hher e a s guidanc e fo r th e EPAevaluato r i n th e fiel d t o



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### produc e result s whic har e reliable , consistent , and ultimately , enforceable .

II . PRE-ENTRY PROCEDURE S Prio r t o requestin g visibl e emissio n observations , ai r enforcemen t attorney s should :

1 . summariz e V E (visibl e emission ) regulation s i n th e affecte d regio n i n written , narrativ e for mand thoroughl ydiscus s and explai n eac hregulatio n wit hth e evaluato r befor e h e enter s th e State . Unles s th e loca l regulatio n i s reference d i n th e SIP , th e appropriat e Stat e regulatio n i s th e on e applied . Attachmen t 1 i s a n exampl e o f a narrativ e summaryo f a typica l opacit y regulation .

2 . requir e tha t a checklis t b e use d b yth e evaluato r and tha t h e i s a n EP Acertifie d V E observer , tha t hi s certificatio n i s stil l valid , and h e ha s receive d availabl e trainin g i n th e fiel d o f opacit yevaluation .

A 

### « Literatur e Revie w Th e followin g item s wil l provid e guidanc e and technica l informatio n fo r th e majorit yo f source s i n a region . Whil e thi s lis t i s no t mean t t o b e inclusive , revie wo f thes e item s wil l provid e th e necessar ybackground fo r th e evaluato r t o comprehensivel yevaluat e a poin t sourc e fo r visibl e emissions . 

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### 1 . NED S data , a s originall ysubmitte d and update d b y th e State ; 2 . CD S data ;

3 . Sectio n 11 4 "Request s fo r Information " a s receive d b yth e regiona l office ;

4 . Discharg e permit s prepare d b yth e Wate r Permit s Section , whic hofte n includ e detaile d drawing s o f th e source ;

5 « Fi,el

d Operation s and Enforcemen t Manua l fo r Ai r Pollutio n Control , b yMelvi n I . Weisburd , APT D #1101 , #1102 . EPA , Augus t 1972 . Volume s I I and III .

6 . Ai r Pollutio n Engineerin g Manual , AP-40 ; 1972 . 7 . Permit s an

d othe r sourc e dat a o n fil e wit hth e Stat e o r loca l ai r pollutio n agency ;

8 . Th e Kirk-Othme r Handboo k o f Chemica l Technology , 1970 ; 9 . An

yavailabl e inspectio n manuals . (DSS E wil l issu e inspectio n manual s o n variou s industrie s fromtim e t o time. ) Analysi s o f al l availabl e source s prio r t o an inspectio n may sometime s b e impossible . Therefor e th e visibl e emission s inspecto r mus t balanc e th e exten t o f hi s pre-entryprocedure s wit hth e technica l problem s h e mayanticipat e fromth e source . A s hi s proficienc ygrows , industry-to-industry , h e wil l rel y increasingl yo n previou s experience .



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### B . Revie wan

d Preparatio n 1 . Prio r revie wmus t b e performe d o n th e facilit yt o b e evaluate d whe n th e inspecto r i s unfamilia r wit hth e processe s i n th e industry . An inspectio n manua l fo r th e particula r industryshoul d b e consulte d wheneve r possible . Th e followin g question s shoul d b e answere d prio r t o th e initia l inspectio n o f a give n poin t source :

a . Ho wman

yand wha t kind o f processe s ar e containe d withi n th e plant ? b . Wha t i s th e typ e and efficienc y(i f available ) o f eac hcontro l devic e pertainin g t o thes e processes ? c . Wha t visibl e emissio n point s ca n b e expecte d a t thi s facility ? d . Ho wman

yvisibl e emissio n point s shoul d b e expecte d a t thi s facility ? e . Wha t uniqu e processe s o r problem s ma yb e expecte d a t thi s facility ? f . Wha t i s th e norma l operatio n rat e fo r thi s plant ? B ydoin g thi s revie wi n conjunctio n wit hhi s revie wo f availabl e literature , th e evaluato r wil l familiariz e himsel f wit h th e processes , contro l equipment , and possibl e ai r problem s tha t migh t b e encountere d a t thi s plant , and other s simila r t o it .



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### 2 . T o performa comprehensiv e evaluation , th e evaluato r use s som e o r al l o f th e followin g item s durin g a plan t evaluation : a . Stopwatch , compas s (Geologists) , win d meter ,

rangefinder , psychrometer , and carryin g bag . b . camer a (3 5 mm ) wit haccessories . c . Respirator/fac e mask . d . Topographica l maps , V E forms , extr a pens . e . Safet yhelmet , goggles , boots , an d ea r protector s (OSH

Aapproved) . I n certai n cases , binocular s an d col d weathe r protectio n ar e als o needed . Thi s requiremen t i s dependen t o n th e particula r evaluatin g conditions . Acomplet e lis t o f equipmen t utilize d i n visibl e emissio n evaluation s i s include d a s Attachmen t 2 .

c 

### « Notification s Successfu l inspection s o f som e source s ar e dependen t o n prio r notic e bein g give n t o th e sourc e arid/o r th e loca l ai r pollutio n agency . Som e ai r pollutio n agencie s ar e helpfu l i n providin g requeste d information . Dat a ca n b e obtaine d fromthei r file s whic hi s helpfu l i n a n inspection . Thes e agencie s ma yals o b e willin g t o accompan yan EPAinspectio n team , i f asked . During a n inspection , th e loca l agenc yca n assis t i n askin g question s o f a sourc e whic hthe ymayhav e inspecte d prio r t o EPAbecomin g intereste d i n th e source . Afte r th e inspection , th e loca l agenc y ma yb e mor e aler t t o question s fromth e sourc e regardin g th e 

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### particula r Stat e Implementatio n Plan . The yals o ca n confirm detail s relatin g t o thei r particula r opacit yregulation . However , i t shoul d b e kep t i n mind tha t successfu l opacit y inspectio n depend s o n norma l operatin g condition s a t th e sourc e t o fairl yan

d accuratel yevaluat e complianc e o f tha t source . I f th e sourc e i s mad e awar e o f th e genera l dat e and tim e o f thi s evaluatio n b

yth e loca l agency , thes e operatin g condition s coul d b e changed . I f suc hevent s occu r i t i s no t EPApolic yt o giv e notic e t o suc hagencie s o f ou r pending inspections . Thi s dilemma i s bes t resolve d b yth e regiona l office . Clearly , EPAi s no t obligate d unde r th e Clea n Ai r Ac t t o notif yothe r partie s i n advanc e o f upcomin g visibl e emissio n evaluations . I n al l cases , however , th e EP Ainspecto r mus t notif yth e affecte d sourc e immediatel yfollowin g hi s readings * Individua l source s wil l hav e t o b e evaluate d i n a manne r whic hi s justifie d b ypreviou s contac t wit htha t source . (Se e Sectio n E , "Arriva l a t th e Source". ) Th e Unite d State s Suprem e Cour t said , i n Ai r Pollutio n Varianc e Boar d vs . Wester n Alfalf a Corp . (Sli p opinion , No . 73

- 690) , tha t "Dependin g upo n th e layou t o f th e plant , th e inspecto r mayoperat e withi n o r withou t th e premise s bu t i n eithe r cas e h e i s wel l withi n th e J 

### ope n fields * exceptio n " Th e thrus t o f thi s decisio n i s tha t EPAinspectors , withou t notice , ma yente r propert ywhic hi s als o accessibl e t o th e genera l publi c fo r purpose s o f performin g thei r evaluations . Generally , a n EPA inspecto r ma

yobserv e wha t anyon e wh o i s nea r th e particula r 

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### sourc e mayobserve , withou t th e knowledg e o r previou s consen t o f th e facilit ybein g observed . I f th e layou t o r siz e o f th e sourc e require s surveillanc e fromwithi n th e facility , the n th e ovme r o r operato r i s notifie d prio r t o surveillance . Afte r enterin g th e plant , th e evaluato r shoul d mak e th e purpos e o f hi s visi t a s clea r a s possible . H e shoul d tel l th e sourc e th e hones t reaso n fo r hi s visit . I t i t i s t o ascertai n complianc e wit hth e applicabl e SI P o r NSP S opacit y regulatio n thi s fac t shoul d b e explained . I f h e i s aske d fo r copie s o f hi s dat a record s writte n whil e o n compan yproperty , h e mayleav e a copywit hplan t personne l i f h e ha s obtaine d prio r permissio n t o d o s o fro mth e Enforcemen t Division . I t i s EP A polic ytha t fina l report s b e mad e generall yavailabl e onl yafte r the yhav e bee n checke d fo r accurac yand cleare d fo r releas e b y th e Enforcemen t Division . Th e evaluato r ma yobtai n th e signatur e o f a responsibl e compan yofficia l o n hi s opacit yform , whic h woul d serv e t o plac e th e sourc e o n notic e o f wher e an d whe n th e reading s wer e take n and th e result s o f thos e evaluations . Th e signatur e woul d merel yacknowledg e tha t opacit yevaluation s wer e performed , and i s optiona l o n th e par t o f th e company . Th e owner/operato r o f th e sourc e mus t b e give n notic e o f an yopacit y reading s mad e a s soo n a s possibl e afte r the yar e taken . Th e evaluato r coul d als o as k tha t a n officia l o f th e compan y accompan

yhi mwhe n performin g hi s visibl e emissio n observations , whethe r o n compan

ypropert yo r off . Bys o doing , th e evaluato r



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### eliminate s an

ymisunderstandin g o r confusio n abou t th e purpos e and result s o f hi s inspection . Sectio n 114(c ) specifie s tha t records , reports , o r informatio n obtaine d unde r S11 4 (a) , shal l b e mad e availabl e t o th e public . EPAshal l mak e th e sam e records , reports , o r informatio n availabl e t o th e source , shoul d the ys o reques t it . Th e sourc e shoul d b e informe d tha t theymayobtai n complete d copie s o f th e report s b ycontactin g th e regiona l office , usuall y th e Enforcemen t Division . D . V E Regulation s Th e appropriat e opacit yregulatio n shoul d b e obtaine d from th e SI P and studie d carefull yb yth e inspector . Stat e an d loca l opacit ylimit s i n SIP' s rang e fro m 4 0 percen t opacit yallowe d down t o n o visibl e emissions . Variou s exemption s fo r particula r processe s o r industrie s ar e applie d i n eac hSIP . Th e evaluato r shoul d b e awar e o f an ytim e exemption s and tak e the mint o accoun t i n hi s fina l calculations . Relevan t part s o f Metho d 9 ar e include d a s Attachmen t 4 . NSP S opacit yrequirement s ar e directe d towar d a specifi c typ e o f sourc e (4 0 CF R 60) . Th e metho d o f evaluatio n i s specifie d a s Metho d 9 (3 9 F.R . #219 , Appendi x A) . Exemption s o f a fewminute s ou t o f an y6 0 minute s mayexis t i n som e NSP S requirement s and shoul d b e s o note d i n evaluatio n o f ne wsources . Th e evaluato r shoul d determin e th e correc t exemptio n t o b e applied , prio r t o hi s actua l inspectio n t o assur e a comprehensiv e evaluatio n an

d report . 

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### E . Arriva l a t th e Sourc e O n arrivin g a t th e plant , th e evaluato r immediatel ymake s a n outsid e assessmen t o f th e facility , includin g photograph s o f al l obviou s emissio n sources . A n accurat e sketc hi s mad e s o tha t a particula r emissio n sourc e ca n b e identifie d late r fromwithi n th e premises . A t thi s time , i f violation s o f th e applicabl e visibl e emission s regulatio n ar e observed , th e emission s shoul d i n mos t case s b e recorde d fo r a t leas t 6 minute s pe r source , bu t a recor d o f 30-6 0 minute s i s preferable . I f possible , photograph s representativ e o f th e emissio n point s observed , shoul d b e take n fromth e observatio n point s a t whic hth e emission s ar e recorded . Th e outsid e surveillanc e shoul d las t a s lon g a s necessary , s o tha t al l obviou s source s o f ai r pollutio n ar e recorded . A t time s a s muc ha s thre e o r fou r hour s mayb e spen t i n pre-entr ysurveillance . III . ENTR Y A . Introductio n Sometime s th e firs t contac t a sourc e ha s wit hEPAi s th e evaluator' s approac ht o th e guar d a t th e mai n gate . A s tim e goe s by , th e Agency' s reputatio n ha s steadil yimproved , bu t mos t plan t guard s ar e no t impresse d wit ha reputation . Thi s i s a prim e reaso n wh

yth e evaluator' s presenc e mus t b e explaine d and th e authorit yfo r hi s visi t thoroughl yunderstood . Throug h811 4 o f th e Clea n Ai r Act , and th e us e o f credential s (se e below) , entry t o a plan t shoul d no t ordinaril yb e a problem .

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### Appropriat e safet yequipmen t mus t alway s b e worn . An evaluato r shoul d no t expec t th e sourc e t o provid e safet y equipment . Th e lis t o f safet yequipmen t and suggeste d possibl e source s o f procuremen t i s include d i n Attachmen t 2 . Th e evaluato r shoul d performth e followin g step s t o correctl yand courteousl yente r th e facilit yfo r purpose s o f conductin g hi s inspection ;

1 . Contac t shoul d b e mad e wit ha responsibl e plan t official . Aresponsibl e plan t officia l mayb e a n office r o f th e company , o r th e perso n responsibl e fo r environmenta l contro l a t th e plant . Thi s individua l mus t hav e authorit yt o provid e answer s t o pertinen t questions , a s wel l a s allo wacces s t o pertinen t area s o f th e plant , fo r purpose s o f makin g a complet e visibl e emission s evaluation .

2 . Identificatio n credential s ar e alway s shown . Th e credential s ar e alway s retaine d i n th e persona l possessio n o f th e evaluator . Credential s ar e obtaine d fo r al l visibl e emissio n evaluator s i n accordanc e wit hEPAOrde r 1400.1 , May16 , 1973 , "Issuanc e and Contro l o f Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Credentials. "

3 . Whe n th e evaluato r present s hi s credential s th e guar d shoul d cal l hi s superio r o n th e phon e and mayas k th e evaluato r t o wait . I f th e evaluato r know s th e nam e o f th e plan t environmenta l engineer , h e shoul d reques t th e guar d t o cal l hi m directly . Alo g o f thes e event s and calls , and th e amoun t o f tim e h e i s kep t waitin g shoul d b e kep t b yth e evaluator . Late r

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### thi s lo g shoul d b e expande d t o includ e a narrativ e summaryo f event s a s the yoccurre d prio r t o a n durin g inspectio n o f th e facility . Fo r example , i f th e evaluato r feel s h e i s bein g delaye d fromenterin g th e plant , a narrativ e repor t mayb e usefu l late r o n an

d contribut e t o a n enforcemen t case . I f th e evaluato r feel s hi s entrywil l b e denied , h e shoul d informth e plan t guar d o f an yopacit yevaluation s h e ha s performe d and as k tha t th e plan t environmenta l enginee r b e s o informed .

4 . Th e evaluato r shoul d tak e not e o f th e lengt ho f tim e h e i s kep t waiting , cooperatio n an d attitud e o f plan t personnel , an

d an ychange s i n operatin g condition s whic hmay resul t fromhi s presence . Th e latte r ma yaffec t th e credibilit y o f th e evaluator' s findin g shoul d h e late r b e aske d abou t thes e condition s durin g testimony . B . Signing-I n Procedure s 1 . Mos t companies.provid e blan k sign-i n sheets , i f requested . I f suc ha formi s provided , i t i s possibl e t o sig n it , a s i t i s onl yintende d t o b e a "bod ycount" , containin g you r nam e and affiliation .

2 . John Quarles ' mem o o f Novembe r 8 , 1972 , whic hwa s include d a s a n appendi x t o EPAGuidelin e S.12 , specificall y instruct s EPAemployee s t o refus e t o sig n a releas e (waiver ) upo n enterin g a sourc e unde r th e authorit yo f S11 4 (se e Attachmen t 3) . Thes e instruction s als o appl yt o EPAcontractor s i n pursui t o f thei r authorize d dutie s i f th e contracto r ha s bee n designate d a n

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### "authorize d representative. " OEG C mus t authoriz e thes e contractor s b

yletter , citin g relevan t part s o f Sectio n 114 . 3 . Unde r n o condition s shoul d th e evaluato r sig n a visitor' s releas e fo r liabilit ywhil e o n th e plan t premises . T o d o s o coul d waiv e th e evaluator' s righ t t o obtai n damage s fo r injurya s explaine d i n Mr . Quarles ' memo .

Languag e a t th e to p o f a sign-i n shee t and als o i n passe s issue d t o tou r th e plant , mayrea d simila r t o th e following : "Al l person s othe r tha n employee s mus t fil l ou t th e followin g information . Thei r signatur e heret o i n consideratio n o f a pas s t o visi t th e plan t agree s tha t ABC , Incorporated , shal l no t b e liable , unde r an y circumstances , whethe r o f negligenc e o f employee s o r otherwis e fo r an

yinjurie s sustaine d b ytha t perso n whil e o n compan

ypropert y. . .. " 4 . I n encounterin g a waive r suc ha s this , on e respons e towar d complyin g wit hMr . Quarles ' mem o i s t o cros s ou t th e languag e o f th e waive r befor e signing th e sheet , thereb y makin g i t a sign-i n shee t only . Thi s mayhav e a negativ e effec t o n th e company , however , sinc e othe r signature s ma yals o b e o n th e sheet . H e coul d als o sig n th e visitor' s boo k and writ e "n o waiver " o r something simila r nex t t o hi s signature .

5 . I n mos t cases , th e issu e ca n b e resolve d an d entry obtained , b

ycitatio n o f relevan t subsection s o f 811 4 (a ) (2 ) a s follows : "Th e Administrato r o r hi s authorize d representativ e upo n presentatio n o f hi s credential s - (A ) shal l hav e a righ t o f entryto , upon , o r through an ypremise s i n whic ha n emissio n sourc e i s locate d o r -13

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### i n whic han

yrecord s require d t o b e maintaine d unde r paragrap h(1 ) o f thi s sectio n ar e located , an d (B ) maya t reasonabl e time s hav e acces s t o and copy an yrecords , inspec t an ymonitorin g equipmen t o r metho d require d unde r paragrap h(1) , and sampl e an yemission s whic hth e owne r o r operato r o f suc hsourc e i s require d t o sampl e unde r paragrap h(1). " Eithe r Subpar t (A ) o r (B) , o r both , mayb e recite d an d reference d s o the yar e clearl yhear d and understoo d b yth e partie s involved . 6 . I f refusa l i s stil l forthcoming , th e evaluato r shoul d no t contes t th e issu e wit hth e sourc e representative , bu t wil l immediatel yd o th e following :

a . determin e th e complet e nam e and positio n o f th e individua l representin g th e source ; b . as k him/he r t o identif ythemselve s a s a n authorize d representativ e o f th e company , an d recor d thei r exac t answer ; c . as k him/he r i f the yhear d sectio n 11 4 o f th e Clea n Ai r Ac t whic hwa s rea d aloud , and i f the y understoo d th e reaso n fo r you r presence , and recor d thei r answer ; d . leave . 7 . Afte r leavin g th e source' s property , th e evaluato r mus t immediately , withou t fail , informth e appropriat e enforcemen t attorne yb ytelephon e o f th e event s a s the yhappened . Everydetai l shoul d b e recorde d b yth e attorney , a s wel l a s th e evaluato r ca n recall .

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### Visibl e emission s dat a obtaine d afte r leaving th e source' s propert yshoul d b e place d i n repor t form , wit hnotatio n include d o f th e denie d entry .

A s soo n a s possible , th e evaluato r shoul d writ e down everythin g h e ca n recal l o f th e incident . Thes e report s wil l prov e t o b e o f positiv e valu e i n an yfutur e enforcemen t proceeding , alon g wit hth e visibl e emission s report . IV . INSPECTIONPROCEDURE S A . Persona l Contact s Afte r signin g in , th e evaluato r proceed s immediatel yint o th e facility , t o observ e equipmen t o r processe s known t o b e operatin g fromhi s previou s observatio n o f th e plant . A t thi s point , whe n th e evaluato r i s aske d wha t h e want s t o see , he mus t no t foreclos e inspectio n o f thos e source s whic hmayno t hav e bee n visibl e frompreviou s surveillance . Al l emissio n source s ar e t o b e inspected , i f possible , and no t jus t thos e visibl e from outsid e th e plant . I f an yflagran t source s o f ai r pollutio n ha d bee n observe d and/o r evaluate d durin g th e pre-entryperiod , th e evaluato r shoul d as k t o se e thes e source s first . A s th e inspectio n proceeds , h e the n shoul d ascertain , b yquestion s and inspectio n o f operatin g record s fo r th e previou s tim e o f evaluation , whethe r o r no t hi s earlie r observation s wer e fairl yrepresentativ e o f operatin g condition . Ther e ar e man

ything s whic hcoul d interfer e wit hth e evaluatio n o f a process , i.e. , shif t change , equipmen t -15

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### malfunction , chang e i n productio n rates , o r jus t a slowdow n i n operatio n becaus e th e evaluato r i s there . H e mus t insist , tha t barin g th e norma l delay s mentioned , operation s remai n normal , s o h e ca n ascertai n whethe r o r no t emission s ar e excessiv e fro ma particula r process . I f norma l operation s ar e impossible , h e mus t recor d th e reason s given , and as k whe n norma l operation s wil l resume . 4 0 CF R 60.1 1 specifie s tha t ne wsource s operatin g unde r startup , shutdown , o r malfunctio n condition s ar e no t subjec t t o opacit yregulations . Th e evaluato r mus t determin e i f thes e condition s ar e presen t an d th e exten t o f suc hcondition s a t th e tim e o f inspection . Th e EP Ainspecto r i s entitle d t o as k direc t question s o f an

yplan t personne l wh o woul d hav e knowledg e o f th e operatio n o f a proces s whic hi s responsibl e fo r visibl e emissions . Whil e actuall yobtainin g opacit yreading s fo r a facility , th e proces s condition s shoul d b e availabl e t o th e evaluator . Someon e els e o n th e inspectio n tea mshoul d personall yinspec t th e proces s durin g actua l evaluation , an d determin e tha t condition s ar e representativ e an d mak e not e o f proces s conditions . Thes e determination s shoul d b e include d i n th e valuator' s fiel d report . Wher e transmissometer s ar e installed , tne yshoul d b e inspecte d t o chec k th e accurac yo f an yself-recordin g data . 1 . Specifi c Request s - During th e inspection , i t i s usefu l t o as k fo r a plo t pla n o f th e plant , wit hal l emissio n source s clearl ymarked . Abuildin g diagram woul d als o prov e
-16

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### usefu l t o indicat e th e actua l heigh t and locatio n o f vents , flues , stacks , an

d chimney s wit hdistance s clearl ymarked . Thes e tw o document s shoul d b e signe d an d date d b

ya responsibl e compan y official . 2 . Confidentialit y- Th e refusa l o f th e source' s personne l t o releas e informatio n requeste d b yth e inspecto r base d o n a clai mo f confidentialit yo f trad e secret s containe d therein , i s an unjustifie d refusal . Th e clai mo f confidentialit yrelate s onl yt o th e publi c availabilit yo f suc hdata , no t t o it s availabilit yt o EP Apersonne l performin g dutie s unde r 811 4 o f th e Act . Emissio n dat a i s neve r confidentia l information .

Whe n th e clai mi s made , th e evaluato r shoul d explai n tha t confidentialit yapplie s onl yt o publi c availabilit yo f tha t information , and tha t th e sourc e mayreques t a determinatio n a s

i 

### t o applicabilit yo f th e confidentialit yprovision s o f 811 4 (c ) t o tha t informatio n fromth e regiona l offic e (4 0 CF R 2.10 5 - 2.107(a)) . Suc ha reques t shoul d includ e th e reason s fo r th e clai ma s wel l a s supportiv e technica l dat a and lega l authority . Unti l suc htim e a s tha t determinatio n i s made , suc hinformatio n wil l remai n exemp t fro mpubli c disclosur e (Guidelin e S.12) .

I f th e sourc e continue s afte r explanatio n o f th e confidentialit yprovision s t o refus e suc hinformatio n a s reguested , th e evaluato r shal l recor d th e typ e o f informatio n requested , an

d th e nam e o f th e individua l claimin g confidentialit ya s a basi s fo r refusal . AS11 4 lette r ca n late r b e sen t t o th e sourc e requestin g th e refuse d informatio n an d -17

-

### includin g a mor e detaile d discussio n o f th e confidentialit y provision s o f th e Clea n Ai r Act .

3 . Summin g U

p - O n completin g th e inspection , th e evaluato r shoul d onc e agai n g o ove r th e map s and drawing s wit h compan yofficial s t o accuratel ylocat e processe s and effluen t points , and t o answe r an yquestion s h e mayhav e formed . During th e inspectio n hi s tim e i s almos t completel ydistracte d b yth e surrounding s and processes , wit hfe wi f an ychance s t o receiv e answer s regardin g stac k height , fee d rates , and emissions . Usually , onl yth e immediat e operatin g condition s and record s ca n b e observe d b

yth e evaluator . Th e numbe r o f compan y representative s wit hth e evaluato r shoul d numbe r n o mor e tha n tw o o r thre e o f th e ke yoperation s people . Late r on , befor e departure , h e maydiscus s hi s visi t mor e thoroughl ywit han y compan yexecutiv e wh o request s it . B . Sourc e Type s Visibl e emission s ar e generall ydivisibl e int o tw o genera l categories : Categor y1 - visibl e emission s fromstack s and chimneys . Categor y2 - Visibl e emission s fromal l othe r sources , includin g

flues , ducts , roo f vent s and monitors , doo r and windo w openings , conveyo r belts , etc . Procedure s fo r evaluatio n o f source s i n category1 ar e include d i n th e attache d Metho d 9 . Whil e stac k o r chimne yemission s ar e sometime s th e mos t obviou s source s o f visibl e emissions , significan t portion s o f th e -18

-

### tota l particulat e burde n ar e contribute d b yth e mineral s industry and othe r source s whic hsometime s occupylarg e geographi c area s an d whos e emission s ar e no t emitte d throug hstack s o r chimneys . Th e followin g method s appl yt o category2 sources . C . Methodology I t i s necessar ytha t th e evaluato r establis ha discipline d approac htowar d evaluatio n o f non-stac k emissio n source . Wit h emission s discharge d a t o r nea r ground level , and wit hlittl e o r n o contro l o f thos e emissions , larg e quantitie s o f visibl e particulat e becom e a prim e targe t o f visibl e emissio n regulations . Metho d 9 (3 9 FR 219 , Novembe r 12 , 1974) , i s followe d a s closel ya s possibl e fo r accurac yand completenes s i n performin g thes e visibl e emission s evaluation s (Attachmen t 4) . T o accuratel yd o this , th e followin g step s mus t b e take n i n performin g visibl e emissio n observations :

1 . Procedure s - Th e observe r qualifie d i n accordanc e wit hMetho d 9 use s th e following procedure s fo r visuall y determinin g th e opacit yo f emissions :

a . Position . Th e qualifie d observe r stand s a t a distanc e sufficien t t o provid e a clea r vie wo f th e emission s wit hth e sun oriente d i n th e 140 ° secto r t o hi s back . Consisten t wit hmaintainin g th e abov e requirement , th e observe r (a s muc ha s possible) , make s hi s observation s froma positio n suc htha t hi s lin e o f visio n i s approximatel yperpendicula r t o th e plum e directio n an

d whe n observin g opacit yo f emission s from

-19

-

### rectangula r outlet s (e.g . roo f monitors , ope n

baghouses , non-circula r stacks) , approximatel y perpendicula r t o th e longe r axi s o f th e outlet . Th e observer' s lin e o f sigh t shoul d no t includ e mor e tha n on e plum e a t a tim e whe n multipl e emissio n source s ar e involved , an

d i n an ycas e th e observe r shoul d mak e hi s observation s wit hhi s lin e o f sigh t perpendicula r t o th e longe r axi s o f suc ha se t o f multipl e sources . b . Fiel d records . Th e observe r shal l recor d th e nam e o f th e plant , emissio n location , typ e facility , observer' s nam e and affiliation , an d th e dat e o n a fiel d dat a shee t (Attachmen t 4) . Th e time , estimate d distanc e t o th e emissio n location , approximat e win d direction , estimate d wind speed , descriptio n o f th e sk y conditio n (presenc e and colo r o f clouds) , an d plum e background ar e recorde d o n a fiel d dat a shee t a t th e tim e opacit yreading s ar e initiate d and completed . c . Observations . Opacit yobservation s ar e mad e a t th e poin t o f greates t opacit yi n tha t portio n o f th e plum e wher e condense d wate r vapo r i s no t present . Th e observe r doe s no t loo k continuousl ya t th e plume , bu t instea d observe s th e plum e momentaril ya t 15-second intervals . d . Attache d stea mplumes . Whe n condense d wate r vapo r i s presen t withi n th e plum e a s i t emerge s fro m th e emissio n outlet , opacit yobservation s ar e mad e -20

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### beyond th e poin t i n th e plum e a t whic hcondense d wate r vapo r i s n o longe r visible . Th e observe r record s th e approximat e distanc e fro mth e emissio n outle t t o th e poin t i n th e plum e a t whic hth e observation s ar e made . e . Detache d steamplume . Whe n wate r vapo r i n th e plum e condense s and become s visibl e a t a distinc t distanc e fro m

th e emissio n outlet , th e opacit yo f emission s shoul d b e evaluate d a t th e emissio n outle t prio r t o th e condensatio n o f wate r vapo r an d th e formatio n o f th e stea mplume . f . Recordin g observations . Opacit yobservation s ar e recorde d t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 15-second interval s o n an observationa l recor d sheet . (Se e Attachmen t 4 fo r a n example. ) Aminimu mo f 2 4 observation s ar e recorded . Eac hmomentaryobservatio n recorde d i s deeme d t o represen t th e averag e opacit yo f emission s fo r a 15-second period . g . Dat a Reduction . Opacit yi s determine d a s th e averag e o f 2 4 consecutiv e observation s recorde d a t 15

- second intervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde d o n th e recorde d o n th e recor d shee t int o set s o f 2 4 consecutiv e observations . Ase t i s compose d o f an y2 4 consecutiv e observations . Set s nee d no t b e consecutiv e i n tim e and i n n o cas e shal l tw o set s overlap . Fo r eac hse t o f 2 4 observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summin g th e opacit yo f th e 2 4 obseirvation s an d dividin g
-21

-P.2 5



### thi s su mb y24 . I f an applicabl e standar d specifie d a n averagin g tim e requirin g mor e tha n 2 4 observations , calculat e th e averag e fo r al l observation s mad e durin g th e specifie d tim e period . Recor d th e averag e opacit y o n a recor d sheet . (Se e Attachmen t 4. ) DSS E wil l provid e guidanc e o n specifi c SI P exemption s a t a late r date . I n thos e case s o f intermitten t o r fugitiv e emissio n evaluation , th e six-minut e averagin g requiremen t i s no t a feasibl e approach . DSS E encourage s applicatio n o f SI P opacit yregulation s o n a n individua l basi s fo r thi s typ e o f emissio n evaluation . 2 . Th e form s include d i n Attachmen t 4 (3 9 FR #219 , Appendi x A ) ar e completel yfille d ou t i n accordanc e wit hth e abov e procedures . Th e followin g ar e importan t point s i n correctl yevaluatin g visibl e emission s froma stationarysourc e o f ai r pollution .

a . Th e positio n o f th e evaluato r mus t wheneve r possible , conform

t o th e abov e condition s (i.e . sun behind observe r and plum e a t righ t angle s t o hi s lin e o f sight ) . b . Evaluation s performe d a t nigh t mayb e performe d wit ha ligh t sourc e behind th e plume . Unti l nigh t readin g procedure s becom e a par t o f Metho d 9 , wit hadeguat e dat a t o suppor t thei r accuracy , th e regio n wil l nee d t o documen t th e accurac yo f th e reading s i n a n individua l enforcemen t proceeding . -22

-P.2 6



### c . Th e evaluato r mus t no t stud yth e emission , a s ey e fatigu e develop s rapidl yi f h e does . Evaluation s ar e performe d b

yglancin g a t th e emissio n and recording it s opacit yimmediately . Whil e i t i s no t possibl e i n al l situations , a thoroughl yexperience d evaluato r ca n evaluat e mor e tha n on e plum e i n conterminuou s tim e frames . Thi s techniqu e i s acquire d onl yafte r th e mos t thoroug htrainin g and practice . d . Evaluatio n time s ar e recorde d i n term s o f minute s and quarter-minutes , and ar e recorde d s o a s t o bes t represen t consecutiv e change s i n opacit ya s i t occurs . e . A s discusse d belo wenoug hevaluation s ar e recorde d t o sho wa significan t violatio n o f th e applicabl e opacit yregulation . f . Photograph s ar e no t t o b e take n durin g an actua l evaluation , and mayonl yb e take n i n betwee n eac hseparat e evaluation . Anothe r EP Aemploye e may tak e photograph s o f th e evaluato r and th e emissio n simultaneousl yhowever . Thes e photograph s add credibilit yt o th e evaluator' s comment s o n hi s evaluatio n form . g . Emission s fromnon-stationar ysource s ar e no t t o b e evaluate d b

yth e abov e procedures . DSS E wil l issu e separat e guideline s fo r thi s categoryshoul d the y b e deeme d necessary . -23

-P.2 7



### h . Precis e identificatio n mus t b e mad e o f eac h affecte d process , emissio n point , an d typ e o f emission . Acompan

yofficia l shoul d furnis hth e appropriat e identificatio n o f thes e items . i . Intermitten t visibl e emission s shoul d b e evaluate d ove r a perio d o f tim e considere d adequat e t o determin e complianc e status , includin g a numbe r o f complet e operatio n cycles , i f possible . j . Continuou s emission s shoul d b e evaluate d fo r a standardize d tim e perio d considere d adequat e fo r developmen t o f a case , and i n al l case s i n exces s o f th e minimu

mtim e require d withi n th e applicabl e visibl e emissio n regulation . I t shoul d b e remembere d tha t some regulation s allo wexcursion s abov e th e opacit ylimi t fo r a specifie d tim e (e.g. , Ohi o allow s thre e minute s o f 6 0 percen t opacit ype r hou r i n th e SIP) . k . O n a give n sourc e onl yon e evaluato r shal l evaluat e th e same emissio n ove r an ygive n tim e period . Duplicat e observation s ar e misleadin g an d coul d b e construe d a s a n attemp t t o presen t th e particula r sourc e i n a n unfavorabl e light . 1 . A t leas t tw o EPAinspector s ar e require d t o performa comprehensiv e visibl e emission s evaluatio n o f a facility . Thi s requiremen t i s th e onl ypossibl e mean s o f simultaneou s proces s evaluation . I t i s usuall ynecessaryt o d o simultaneou s proces s
-24

-P.2 8

evaluation s i n suppor t o f a n Enforcemen t Action , bu t no t durin g routin e surveillance . m . Th e evaluato r mus t fil l ou t al l pertinen t fiel d dat a a t th e tim e o f th e evaluatio n t o assur e reliabl e an d consisten t result s month s late r whe n th e actua l evaluatio n condition s ar e reviewed . D . Non-Stac k Emissio n Source s Belo war e procedure s use d fo r visibl e emissio n evaluatio n o f specifi c non-stac k emissio n source s whic hinsur e a consisten t approac hfo r specifi c industries . Accepte d evaluatio n procedure s mus t remai n i n conformanc e wit hMetho d 9 requirements , particularl yregardin g th e observer' s positio n wit hrespec t t o th e su n an d wind .

1 . Emission s fro mcok e batterie s ar e evaluate d i n th e followin g manner :

a . Chargin g operation . Emission s include d i n thi s evaluatio n emanat e fro mthe :

(1 ) chargin g holes ; (2 ) larr yca r hoppers ; (3 ) larr yca r contro l system ; (4 ) standpip e lid . Thes e emission s ar e evaluate d fro mato p th e battery . Th e attache d sketc hillustrate s thes e emissio n point s (Attachmen t 5 (a)) . Th e evaluato r position s himsel f wit ha n unobstructe d vie wo f th e emission s an d label s

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-P.2 9

hi s evaluation s accordin g t o th e ove n tha t i s bein g charged . b . Pushin g Operation . Thes e emission s ar e evaluate d fro m

groun d leve l o n th e cok e sid e o f th e battery , a s the yaris e fro mth e cok e a s i t i s pushe d int o th e quenc hcar . Emission s ar e evaluate d fro mth e tim e th e doo r i s remove d unti l i t i s replaced . Th e evaluato r position s himsel f a saf e distanc e fro mth e operatio n an d evaluate s thes e emission s a s the yaris e agains t th e sky . Figur e 2 o f th e attache d sketc h illustrate s th e pus hoperation . (Attachmen t 5(b) ) c . Doo r Leakage . Doo r leakag e fro meithe r sid e o f th e batter yi s recorde d fro mgroun d leve l afte r th e doo r (s ) ar e replaced . Doo r leakag e include s thos e emission s fro mth e levele r doo r an d th e ove n doo r itself , an d ar e evaluate d agains t th e batter y structure . Figur e 3 o f Attachmen t 5(b ) illustrate s thes e potentia l emissio n points . d . Safety . Minima l safet yrequirement s fo r evaluatio n i n thi s categor yare :

(1 ) respirato r (activate d charcoa l typ e o r self-containe d oxyge n fo r us e ato p th e battery) ; (2 ) safet yglasse s wit hsid e shields ; (3 ) safet yhelmet ; (4 ) safet yboots .

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### 2 . Th e evaluato r shoul d tak e not e o f th e following , regardin g eac hcok e batteryevaluated :

a . tota l numbe r o f ovens ; b . averag e coking cycle ; c . averag e tim e betwee n observe d charges ; d . tota l numbe r o f door s observe d leakin g beyond 3 0 minutes ; e . ongoin g doo r maintenance , e.g . cleanin g o f edge s afte r eac hpus hand numbe r o f spar e door s o n hand ; f . numbe r o f oven s no t i n operation , i f applicable ; g . th e chargin g serie s durin g th e evaluation . Thi s informatio n i s easil yobtaine d fro mdirec t observation , an d i s veryusefu l i n assessin g th e genera l maintenanc e o f a cokin g facility . Suggeste d format s fo r recordin g thi s data , an d additiona l information , ar e include d a s Appendice s Aan d B . Th e us e o f checklist s lik e thes e provid e th e evaluato r wit han effectiv e too l fo r a thoroug hevaluatio n o f a cok e battery .

3 . Emission s fro mroc k o r minera l drilling , crushing , conveying , screening , and storin g ar e evaluate d i n th e followin g manne r (se e Attachmen t 6 ) .

a . Drilling . Emission s fromdrillin g operation s ar e evaluate d froma saf e distanc e (30-4 0 fee t o r more) , from

th e drillin g machin e a s the yar e release d fromth e drillin g devic e o r fromth e dril l hole . -27

-P.3 1 .

b . Crushing . Emission s include d a t thi s evaluatio n poin t ar e release d a s materia l i s discharge d fro mth e primar yan d secondar ycrushin g machines . Observation s ar e performe d a t a saf e distanc e (e.g . 30

- 4 0 feet ) fro m

th e discharg e poin t an d o n th e sam e elevatio n a s th e discharg e i f possible . c . Conveying . Visibl e emission s ar e evaluate d a s materia l i s discharge d a t conveye r bel t transfe r point s an d loadin g points . Evaluatio n shal l occu r a t th e sam e elevatio n a s th e discharg e i f possible . d . Screening . Visibl e emission s ar e evaluate d a s materia l i s discharge d fro mth e scree n int o th e chutes . Th e observe r shal l obtai n a n observatio n poin t a s clos e t o th e sam e elevatio n o f th e screen s a s possible . e . Storage . Visibl e emission s fro mth e ai r separato r o r othe r device s ar e evaluate d a t th e poin t o f discharg e ont o th e conveyor . Observation s ar e performe d a t groun d level . f . Safety . Minima l safet yrequirement s fo r evaluatio n i n thi s roc k o r minera l categor yare :

(1 ) respirator/fac e mask ; (2 ) safet yglasses ; (3 ) safet yhelmet ; (4 ) safet yboots ; (5 ) nois e suppressors .

-28

-I n operation s involvin g roc k o r minera l drilling , moistur e conten t o f th e materia l play s a n importan t par t i n typ e an d quantit yo f visibl e emissions . Therefore , anyadditio n o f moistur e t o th e proces s shoul d b e noted . g . Emission s fro mth e operation s belo war e evaluate d i n a manne r consisten t wit hth e abov e procedures :

(1 ) dr yconcret e batchin g plant ; (2 ) dee p hoppe r grai n unloadin g (includ e typ e grain , typ e o r lac k o f hoo d surroundin g unloading) ; (3 ) woodworkin g plants ; (4 ) coa l preparatio n plants ; (5 ) lim e plants ; (6 ) minin g operations . 4 . Proces s emission s fro mroo f monitor s ar e evaluate d i n th e followin g manner :

a . BO P furnac e roo f monito r - Visibl e emission s ar e evaluate d a s the yar e release d throug hth e horizonta l roo f monitor , fro mgroun d level . Th e evaluatio n i s performe d a t th e poin t o f denses t emissions . Th e attache d sketc hillustrate s thi s emissio n point . (Attachmen t 7 ) b . Emission s fro mroo f monitor s o f th e operation s belo war e evaluate d i n a simila r manner :

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(1 ) aluminu msmelters ; (2 ) bric k kilns ; (3 ) ferro-allo yplants . V . REPORT_WRITIN G Th e entir e thrus t o f th e visibl e emission s evaluator' s effor t i s summarize d i n hi s reporte d observations , an d conclusions . Withou t a clea r an d concis e explanatio n o f wha t wa s observed , n o possibilit yexist s t o meaningfull ydevelo p informatio n fo r a potentia l enforcemen t proceedin g fo r th e sourc e i n question . A . Th e Narrativ e I n additio n t o hi s fiel d repor t (discusse d below) , th e evaluato r shoul d writ e a brie f narrativ e summar yo f hi s evaluation , t o includ e thos e point s whic hma yno t hav e bee n recorde d durin g hi s plan t visit , bu t whic hma yb e importan t i n refreshin g hi s memor ymonth s late r whe n th e cas e i s discusse d i n a n administrativ e o r lega l proceeding . Thi s narrativ e shoul d b e i n outlin e form . Asuggeste d forma t i s include d a s Attachmen t 8 . Th e evaluato r shoul d b e a s precis e a s possibl e i n th e nomenclatur e use d describin g source s o f visibl e emissions . Avoi d subjectiv e descriptor s suc ha s leakin g valve , unknow n ope n hearth , large , thic k o r heav yemissions , etc . Thes e type s o f word s ca n b e interprete d i n man ydifferen t ways , bot hfro ma technica l an d a lega l viewpoint . Thi s lis t i s b yn o mean s inclusive , bu t th e nee d fo r accurat e designation s o f source s shoul d b e obvious . Alternative s t o thes e woul d includ e th e

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### technica l termfo r th e unit , stack , o r chimne ybein g observed , and a numerica l designatio n t o furthe r identif yth e subject . Thi s numbe r mayb e assigne d b yth e evaluato r a t th e tim e o f observation , onl yi n lie u o f a mor e complet e descriptio n obtaine d fromth e source .

B 

### » %h e Fiel d Repor t Th e actua l fiel d repor t i s a compilatio n o f al l relevan t emissio n dat a recorde d durin g th e actua l plan t visit . Thu s th e fiel d repor t include s a copyo f th e actua l visibl e emissio n observatio n formuse d t o recor d th e opacit yo f emissions , a complet e sketc ho f relevan t feature s o f th e facility , and a dat a summary , whic hclearl ycompile s and illustrate s th e opacit ydata . Eac ho f thes e feature s o f th e fiel d repor t ar e discusse d below .

1 . Observatio n Form . Thi s formshoul d includ e al l pertinen t informatio n necessar yt o determin e th e plan t operatin g condition s a t th e tim e o f th e evaluation . Thi s forma t include s bu t i s no t limite d t o th e following :

a . dat e and tim e o f evaluation . b . nam e and addres s o f source . c . nam e and locatio n o f emissio n poin t (nam e o f proces s i s acceptable) . e . win d spee d an d direction . f . ambien t temperatur e an d relativ e humidity . g . heigh t o f emissio n point . h . sk ycondition , genera l weathe r conditio n (overcast , broken , scattered , clear) . -31

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### i . colo r o f emission , j . nam e o f plan t officia l accompanyin g evaluator . k . nam e an d dat e o f certificatio n o f observer , an d signature . 1 . spac e fo r remark s considere d relevan t t o th e cas e bein g developed . Th e evaluato r shal l als o recor d o n th e observatio n form an yproces s conditio n whic hi s abnorma l an d whic hma yaffec t observe d emissions . Thi s fac t shoul d b e note d immediatel yo n bein g discovered . I n n o cas e shoul d th e evaluato r rel yo n hi s memor yt o fil l i n hi s evaluatio n forms .

Th e evaluato r shal l als o not e an ydeviation s from accepte d evaluatio n procedure s a s promulgate d i n Metho d 9 , an d recor d th e reaso n fo r hi s deviatio n fro maccepte d procedures . Anydeletion s o r change s i n th e recorde d dat a i s t o b e line d out , and th e correc t figur e recorde d clos e by . No erasure s o r othe r change s ar e t o b e mad e o n th e evaluatio n form . Asuggeste d visibl e emission s observatio n formi s include d a s Attachmen t 9 .

I t i s extremel yimportan t t o not e condition s observe d durin g th e plan t visi t wher e processe s wer e found t o b e i n operatio n and wher e visibl e emission s wer e negligibl e o r meetin g th e applicabl e regulations . Suc ha repor t o n thes e processe s may b e a s importan t i n term s o f assessin g a source' s complianc e a s evidenc e o f a violation . Thes e report s ai d i n forming a complet e pictur e o f th e plant' s compliance . -32

-P.3 6



### Th e evaluato r follow s establishe d chain-of-custod y procedure s fo r th e origina l dat a sheets . Thes e procedure s follo w th e one-key , one-file , one-ma n approac ht o custody , an d mus t b e maintaine d continuall yfo r al l unresolve d cases .

2 . Sketc h- Acomplet e sketc hi s include d i n th e fiel d repor t illustratin g th e following :

a . nam e and addres s o f company . b . identificatio n o f sourc e bein g evaluated . c . specifi c geographi c feature s suc ha s streets , building s and highway s t o positivel yidentif ysourc e an d plan t locations . d . observer' s locatio n an d estimate d distanc e fromth e source . e . arro wshowin g wind direction . f . arro wshowing nort hdirection . g . th e sketc hshoul d includ e th e positio n o f th e su n wit hrespec t t o th e observer . Arelativel ysimpl e metho d o f doin g thi s i s t o drawa figur e simila r t o tha t show

n belo wwher e th e circl e represent s th e horizon ; th e intersectio n o f th e quadran t lin e indicate s th e observer s location ; th e arro wrepresent s hi s lin e o f sight ; and th e smal l circl e indicate s su n position .

-33

-P.3 7



### Lin e o f Sigh t

Horizo n Observatio n Poin t
Positio n o f Sun

3 . Dat a Summary- Adat a summaryi s include d wit hth e report . Relevan t dat a o f th e followin g typ e mus t b e include d wit hthi s summary :

a . nam e o f source . b . rang e o f opacit yreadings . c . tota l numbe r o f opacit yreading s taken . d . tota l numbe r o f opacit yreading s i n exces s o f tha t allowe d i n th e standard . e . readin g average s (set s o f 24) . f . citatio n o f th e appropriat e opacit y regulation . g . th e nam e and certificatio n dat e o f th e

visibl e emissio n evaluator . Astatistica l presentatio n o f th e abov e dat a i s particularl ynecessar yfo r presentatio n t o othe r partie s i n a n administrativ e conference , hearing , o r lawsuit . Th e dat a mus t b e

-34

-P.3 8



### summarize d i n a formt o allo wcompariso n wit hth e approriat e regulation . VI . PHOTOGRAPH Y Photograph s ar e sufficientl yimportan t tha t a separat e sectio n i s her e devote d t o th e us e o f a camer a o n o r nea r a source . EPAha s th e authorit yunde r 8114 , t o tak e photograph s o f actua l o r potentia l emissio n point s unde r circumstance s i n whic h a n inspecto r ma yinspec t a source . B ytakin g goo d qualit yphotograph s th e visibl e emissio n evaluato r ca n illustrat e th e condition s h e wil l b e expose d t o i n evaluatin g variou s plume s whic har e i n violatio n o f opacit y standards . Photo s ca n als o illustrat e th e comple x settin g o f som e o f th e emission s th e evaluato r i s calle d upo n t o evaluate . Clearly , no t al l emission s ar e release d fromeasil yobserve d chimney s and stacks , and th e evaluator , b yphotography , wil l b e abl e t o accuratel yidentif yth e emissio n source . Photograph s ca n als o illustrat e th e correc t evaluatio n procedure s followe d b ya n inspector , i n complianc e wit hMetho d 9 o f th e Novembe r 12 , 1974 , Federa l Registe r (3 9 F R 219 , p p 3 9873

- 39875) . Usually , th e complexit yo f som e emissio n source s make s i t incumben t o n th e inspecto r t o familiariz e himsel f wit hmos t processe s an

d operation s i n hi s region , s o tha t i f an d whe n h e offer s testimon

yo n wha t h e observed , h e doe s no t mak e an y mistake s whic hcoul d hav e bee n avoided . Photograph s ca n als o illustrat e condition s th e inspecto r canno t includ e i n hi s report , i n supplementin g har d evidenc e o f

-35

-P.3 9



### opacit yviolation s h e ma yhav e observed . Fo r example , i f a particula r plan t wa s shu t down o n th e da yo f inspection , analysi s o f photograph s o f nearb ystructure s and plan t lif e ca n graphicall yillustrat e tha t significan t amount s o f particulat e ar e emitte d fro mth e source .

-36

-ATTACHMENT # 1

BULE S AM

D REGULATION S AP C 1 1

CHAPTE R ELEVEN : AP C 1 1 AP C 1 1 Restrictio nof Emissio nof

Visibl e Ai r

Contaminant s (a) Smoke restriction s applicabl e t o existin g installation s includin g boat s an dship s excep t

existin g incineration . N o perso nshal l caus e o r permi t th e emissio nof

smoke o r

an y othe r

ai r contaminan t

whic hha s ashad e o r

density : (1 ) Darke r

tha nNo . 3 o nth e Ringelman nSmoke Char t o r o f suc h opacit y a s t o obscur e anobserver' s vie w t o adegre e equa l t o o r greate r tha n smok e of No . 3 Ringelman ndensity . (2 ) Darke r

tha nNo . 2 o nth e Ringelman nSmok e Char t bu t les s tha n No . 3 o nsai dchart , if

suc hemissio ncontinue s for longe r tha n4 minute s i nth e aggregat e i nan y 60-minut e period , o r of suchopacity a s t o obscur e anobserver' s view t o adegre e equa l t o o r greate r thansmoke of

No . 2 , bu t les s tha nNo . 3 Ringelman ndensity durin g suc hperiod . (3 ) Darke r

Uia nNo . 1 o nth e Ringelman nSmok e Char t bu t les s tha n No . 2 o nsai dchart , if

sai demissio ncontinue s for longer tha n4 minute s i n th e aggregat e inan y 30-minut e period , o r of suchopacity t o obscur e a n observer' s view t o adegre e equa l t o o r greate r thansmoke of

No . 1 , bu t

les s tha nNo . 2 Ringelman ndensity durin g suc hperiod . Th e density o f

smok e o r

othe r ai r contaminan t

shal l b e measure da t

th e poin t of it s emission , except , whe nth e poin t o f emissioncanno t

b e readil y observed , measuremen t

shal l b e mad e at

th e neares t

observabl e poin t

o nth e plum e fro mth e poin t

of emissio norigin . (b ) Smok e restriction s applicabl e t o ne w installation s an dal l incinerators . N o perso nshal l discharg e int o th e atmospher e fro man y singl e sourc e of

. emissio nwhatsoever

an y ai r contaminan t

whic hhas ashad e o r

density : (1 ) Darke r

tha ntha t

designate da s No . 1 o

nth e Ringelman nSmoke Chart ; o r (2 ) Of suc hopacity a s t o obscur e anobserver' s view t o adegre e greate r tha nsmoke describe di nsubsectio n(b ) (1 ) of thi s regulation. (c ) Exceptions . (1 ) Aperso nma y discharg e int o di e atmosphere fro man y singl e sourc e of emissio nfo r

aperio do r

period s aggregatin g not more tha n4 minute s in an y 6 0 minute s ai r

contaminant s of

ashad e o r

density : (aa ) No t darke r tha nNo . 2 o nth e Ringdoan nSmok e Chart ; o r (bb ) Of suc hopacity a s t o obscur e a nobserver' s view t o adegre e no t greate r tha ndoe s smoke describe dinsubsectio n(a)(1) (aa) of thi s regulation . Wher e th e presenc e of

uncombine dwate r

i s tie '"il y reaso nfo r

failur e of a nemissio nt o mee t

th e requirement s of

sectioi:. . o r

(b ) o f thi s regula

tion , suc hsection s shal l no t apply . Th e provision s o

f thi s regulatio nshal l no t appl y to : (i ) Transfe r

of molte nmetals ; (ii ) Emission s fro mtransfe r ladles ; (iii ) Cok e oven s whe npushin g coke fronioven ; (iv ) Wate r

quenchin g o

f coke o ndischarg . fro movens ;

3 7P.4 1

AP C 1 1 MINNESOT APOLLUTIO NCONTRO LAGENC Y (v) Existing grey iro njobbing cupola s a s define dinRegulation APC 5 ; and (vi) Blast furnace s during slips . (2) Atemporar

y operationa

l breakdowno

f an y equipment , installation o r facilit y ma y b e permittedb

y th e Agenc y to b e a nexceptionto the provi

sions o f RegulationAPC 1 1 providedthe owne r or operator immediatel

y advise s the Director

o f the circumstance s andoutline s a nacceptable correc tive program . Atemporar

y breakdowno

f les s tha n1 5 minute s duratio ni s a nexceptionto the provision s o f RegulationAP C 1 1 an

dneednot

be re ported . No equi * -nent, installationor facilit y shal l b e operatedwhic

hhas a n unreasonable b lkdow

nfrequency as determinedb y the Director . Inan

y event , n o openo ntha t ma y caus e a nimmediat

e public healt

hhazar dshal l be deeme da n:ceptionfro

mthi s regulation . (d ) Ringel ; .n

nSmok e Chart . The Ringelman

nSmok e Char t shal l mea n an dinclude y o

f di e following : (1 ) ThRingelman

nSmok e Char t wit hinstruction s for

us e (Informa

tionCircul : 8333 , May , 1967 , Rev . o f I C 7718 ) as publishedb

y the U . S . Burea u o f ines ; (2) T i s Ringelman

nSmok e Chart , photographically reducedto 1 / 19t h insize an dknownas Power' s Microringelman nChart , copyrigh

t 195 4 b y McGraw-Hill Publishing Company ; and/ (3 ) Suc hother methodor

apparatu s for

determining smok

e densit y o r opacit y as th e Agency ma

y approve . [Jul y 7 , 1969 ; amendedSeptembe r 14 , 1971 ; amendedApril 13 , 1972]

3 8P.4 2

ATTACHMENT # 1 REGULATIONANALYSI S Minnesot a A . I n Minnesota * the emissio n o f smok e o r an yothe r ai r contaminant s fro mexisting poin t source s o f an yopacit yequa l t o o r greate r tha n No . 3 Ringlemann i s prohibited . I n brief , thi s mean s tha t emis

sion s o f a densit yequa l t o o r greate r tha n 60 % opacit yar e i n vio

latio n o f the regulation . Thi s regulatio n i s applie d t o al l existing poin t source s withi n the State , excep t incinerators . Eac hopacit yreading o f 60 % opacit yi n a n aggregat e o f 4 minute s pe r hou r constitute s a violatio n o f the regulatio n an d i s enforce

abl e b yU.S . EPA . Th e following exception s appl yt o APC-11 : 1 . Smok e o r othe r ai r contaminant s o f a shad e o r densit yequa l t o o r darke r than No . 2 Ringlemann (40% ) bu t les s than No . 3 Ringlemann (60% ) fo r no t mor e than four minutes , i n th e aggregate , i n an

y6 0 minut e perio d i s allowed . 2 . Smok e o r othe r ai r contaminant s o f a shad e o r densit yequa l t o o r greate r than No . 1 Ringlemann (20% ) bu t les s tha n No . 2 Ringlemann (40% ) fo r no t mor e than four minute s i n th e aggregat e i n an

y3 0 minut e perio d i s allowed . B . Th e emissio n o f an yai r contaminan t fromne winstallation s an d al l incinerator s i n exces s o f 20 % opacit yi s prohibited . Th e followin g limitation s apply : 1 . Ai r contaminant s o f a shad e o r densit yequa l t o bu t no t darke r than No . 2 Ringlemann ar e permitted , no t t o excee d a n aggregat e o f fou r minute s i n an y6 0 minutes . 2 . Breakdown s o f equipment , i f reported , ar e a n exceptio n t o the regulations . Th e densit yo f the plum e shal l b e evaluate d a t the poin t o f it s emission , o r a t a poin t observabl e nea r th e poin t o f emission . Th e presenc e o f uncombine d wate r i n the plum e shal l no t con tribut e t o a violatio n o f thi s regulation . Th e regulatio n shal l no t appl yt o th e following operations :

*Rul e APC-11 , Restrictio n o f Emissio n o f Visibl e Ai r Contaminants . Rule s an

d regulations-Minnesot a Pollutio n Contro l Agency . (Attached. )



### 3 9P.4 3

(1 ) Molte n meta l transfer ; (2 ) Transfe r ladl e emissions ; (3 ) Cok e pushing operations ; (4 ) Cok e quenching ; (5 ) Greyiro n cupolas ; (6 ) Blas t furnac e slips .

4 0ITE M STOPWATC H COMPAS S WIND METE R CAMERA GA S MAS K RESPIRATO R BINOCULAR S RANGEFINDE R PSYCHROMETE R DUFFE LBAG CLIPBOAR D SAFET YHELME T SAFET YGOGGLE S SAFET YBOOT S NOIS EPROTECTO R FOLDINGSTOO L TOPOGRAPHI C MAP S PARKAS , COL D WEATHE RGEA R COVERALL S LANTERN RUBBE RIDENTIFICATIO NSTAM P FOUR-WHEE LDRIV EVEHICL E ATTACHMEN T 2 V E EQUIPMEN T LIS T

MINIMU M STANDAR D ADDITIVE- 1 -HOURMINIMUM GEOLOGIST S 3 5 M M F1. 8 LEN S 85-21 0 M M ZOO M LEN S ACTIVATE D CHARCOAL REPLACABLEFILTE R 3 5 M M 5 % ACCURAC Y RANG E(-20° FT O 110°F ) LARG E

OSH AAPPROVED POSSIBL ESOURC E GS A6605-171-512 1 DWYERMFG : MICHIGA NCIT YIN . HONEYWEL LPEN TA X MS ATYP EN , MODE LSW-CANISTERS : GMC- 5 AMERICA NOPTICA LR-605 7 SA-S O CO. , GRAN D PRA|RIE , TX , 68J14 1 BROOKSTON ECO . L-242 0 HOLSTE RK-2421. 6 SCIENC EASSOCIATES , INC . #21 0 SEAR S ROEBUC K

& CO . #14F-5888 H #2 2 GS A#7520-281591 8 AMERICANOPTICA LBX18 L AMERICANOPTICA L482 B SEAR S ROEBUC K

& CO . GS A7105-282-068 4 USG S

J* . J* .P.4 5

ATTACHMEN T 3 TA B D

' . **** . '** • 

### \§$2j UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENCY **«.*/& WASHINGTON . D.C . 20460

OFFIC E O F TH E GENERAL COUNSE L WATERSID E MAL L



# NOV 8197 2 Memorandu

m To : Al l Regiona l Counsel s From : Assistan t Administrato r fo r Enforcemen t an d 'Genera l Counse l » Subject : Visitors ' Release s an dHol dHarmles s Agreement s a s a Conditio nt o Entr y o f EP A Employee s o n Industria l Facilitie s „

FACT S A s a conditio nt o entry o nindustria l facilities , certai n firm s have , require dEF A employee s t o sig nagreement s whic h purpor t t o releas e th e compan y fro m tor t liability . Th e followin g "Visitor s Release " require dby th e Owens-Cornin g Fibergla s Corporatio ni s a nexample : VISITOR S RELEAS E I nconsideratio no f permissio nt o ente r th e premise s o f Owens-Cornin g Fibergla s Corporatio n andbein g awar e o f the ris ko f injury fro m equipment , negligenc e o f employee s o r o f othe r visitors , an

dfro m othe r causes , the undersigne d assume s al l risk , release s sai dcorporation , an dagree s t o hol di t harmles s fro m liabilit y fo r any injury t o hi m o r hi s propert y

whil e upo n it s premises . . . READCAREFULL YBEFOR E SIGNING I nadditio nt o suc h"Visitor s Releases " employee s o r thei r supervisor s hav e bee naske dt o sig nentr y permit s whic h includ e a nagreemen t tha t EFA wil l pay

fo r an y Injury o r damag e resultin g from

ou r activitie s a t th e facility .



### 4 3P.4 6

QUESTION S 1 . Doe s signin g suc ha "Visitor s Release " effectivel y valv e th e employee' s righ t t o obtai n damage s fo r tortiou s injury ? 2 . Ma yEP Aemployee s contractuall yobligat e th e Agenc y t o pa yfo r anyinjur yo r damag e cause d b you r activities ? 3 . Ma yfirm s conditio n EPA' s entr yupo n signin g suc h agreements ? ANSWER S 1 . Generally , yes ; employee s waiv e thei r righ t t o damage s and th e governmen t i s prevente d frora^exercising it s righ t o f subrogatio n unde r th e Federa l Employees ' Compensatio n Act . 2 . No ; federa l tor t liabilit yi s establishe d and limite d b yth e Federa l Tor t Claim s Act , and suc hagreement s ar e als o invali d a s violativ e o f th e Anti-Deficienc yAct . 3 . No ; EP Aemployee s posses s a righ t o f entr yunde r bot hth e Clea n Ai r Ac t and th e Federa l Water.Pollutio n Contro l Ac t Amendment s o f 1972 . DISCUSSIO N Althoug hth e precis e effec t o f a n advanc e releas e o f liabilit yfo r negligenc e canno t b e determine d withou t referenc e t o th e la wo f th e stat e i n whic hth e tor t occurs , w e mus t assum e tha t suc hagreement s ar e generall yvalid . Bysignin g suc hagreement s EP Aemployee s ma yeffectivel ywaiv e thei r righ t t o su e fo r damage s and th e government' s righ t o f subrogatio n unde r th e Federa l Employees ' Compensatio n Act , 5 US C 810 1 e t seq . Th e Restatemen t o f Contracts , Ch . 18 , § 57 5 states : (1 ; Abargai n fo r exemptio n fro mliabilit yfo r th e consequence s o f a willfu l breac ho f dut yi s illegal , and a bargai n fo r exemptio n fro mliabilit yfo r th e consequence s o f negligenc e i s illega l i f (a ) th e partie s ar e employe r and employe e and th e bargai n relate s t o negligen t injuryo f th e employe e i n th e cours e o f th e employment , or , (b ) on e o f th e partie s i s charge d wit ha dut yo f publi c service , and .th e bargai n relate s t o negligenc e i n th e performanc e o f an ypar t o f it s dut yt o th e public , fo r whic hi t ha s receive d o r bee n promise d compensatio n . . . 4 4P.4 7

Wit hth

e exception s mentionedi nth e Restatemen t of Contracts . supra , n

o genera l publi c policy seems t

o exis t agains t expres s agreement s for assumptiono f risk , an dthe y nee dno t be supportedb

y consideration . 1 0 Prosse r o nTort s § 5 5 an

d Restatemen t o f Tort s 2d , Ch . 17A , §496B . Despit e thi s genera l rule , case s arising unde r th e Federa l Tor t Claims Ac t involving release s signedb

y civilianpassenger s prior t o boarding ill-fated governmen t aircraf t indicat e tha t th e court s d

o no t favo r such agreements . (Friedma nv . LockheedAircraf t Corp. . 13 8 F . Supp . 53 0 (1956)— a releas e i s n o defens e agains t gross , willful , o r wanto nnegligenc e i nNe w York ; Rogo

w v . U.S. . 17 3 F . Supp . 54 7 (1959)— a seleas e i s Ineffective unles s th e flight i s gratuitous ; Montellie r v . U . S. . 31 5 F2 d18 0 (1963) — a releas e doe s no t destroy a caus e o f actionfor wrongfu l deat hi nMassachusetts. ) Suc happaren t judicia l disfavo r o f advanc e release s is , o f coursfe , insufficien t justificationfor assumin g th e ris ko f signin

g them , an dordinary

prudenc e require s us to assum e thei r validity . Althoug h signing a releas e doe s no t affec t the employee' s right t o benefit s unde r FECA , suc hcompensationwil l ordinaril y be muc hles s than migh t b e recoveredi na tor t actionagains t th e negligen t corporation . Sinc e th

e Federa l Employees ' CompensationAct , 5 US C 813 1 an d8132, . provide s tha t a nemploye e ma

y b e requiredt

o assign hi s righ t to su e thir dpartie s t

o th e UnitedState s an dtha t the employe e must , withi nlimitations , pa y over an

y recover

y fro m thirdpartie s a s reimbursemen t of FEC A benefits , th

e employee' s releas e prejudice s th e government' s right s a s wel l a s h,i s own . Employee s shoul dtherefor e be instructedno t t o sig nsuc hrelease s unde r an y circumstances . AlthoughanEPA

employee' s expres s assumptionof th e ris k o f injury

t o himsel f ma

y b e valid , anagreemen t whic hpurport s t o obligat e EPA

t o pa y al l damage s cause db y our activitie s i s not . Th e Federa l Tor t Claims Act , 2 8 US C 267 4 provides :

Th e UnitedState s shal l be liable , respecting th e provision s o f thi s titl e relatin g t o tor t claims , i nth

e sam e manne r an

dt o th

e sam e exten t a s a privat e individua l unde r like circumstances , bu t shal l no t b e liabl e for interes t prio r t o judgmen t o r for punitive damage s , . . \ v Congres s ha s grantedonl y a limitedwaive r o f th e government' s sovereignimmunity , an d2 8 US C 268 0 list s exception s t o th e



### 45P.4 8

genera l waive r statedin # 2 8 US C 2674 , supra . Exception s whic h migh t b e relevan t i ncase s arisin g out o f th

e action s o f EPA employee s includ e 2 8 US C 2680(a) :

An y claim base duponanac t or omissiono f a n employe e o f th

e Government , exercisin g du e care , i nth e executiono f a statut e or regulation , whethe r o r no t suchstatut e o r regulationb e valid , o r base duponth e exercis e or performanc e o r th e failur e t

o exercis e o r perfor m a discretionary functionor duty

o nth e par t of- a federa l agency o r anemploye e o f th e Government , whethe r o r no t th e discretioninvolvedbe abused ; and2 8 US C 2680(b) :

An y claim arising ou t o f assault , battery , fals e imprisonment , fals e arrest, - maliciou s prosecution , abus e of process , libel , slander , misrepresentation , deceit , o r interferenc e wit hcontrac t right s .. . Sinc e the government' s tor t liabilit y i s limitedb

y statute , a nadministrative undertaking t o expan dsuc hliabilit y

b y contrac t i s probabl y invalid . I nan

y event , EPA

shoul dno t creat e th

e occasio nfo r judicia l resolutiono f th e question . Anadditiona l basi s for considering suchindemnification agreement s invali di s th e Anti-Deficienc y

Act , whic hprovide s a t 3 1 US C 665(a ) : i N o office r o r employe e o f the UnitedState s shal l make : o r authoriz e anexpenditur e fro m o r creat e o r authoriz e anobligationunde r an y appropriation o r fun di nexces s o f th

e amoun t availabl e therein . . . " | . Sinc e the exten t o f the government' s obligatio ni s uncertain , the Comptrolle r Genera l ha s statedtha t a contractua l assumption o f tor t liabilit y

i s no t a lawfu l obligatio no f th e UnitedStates , an dpaymen t ma

y no t b e mad e pursuan t t o suc hagreements . ( 7 C G507 , 1 6 CG803 , an

d3 5 CG86. ) I nfairnes s t o companie s whic hma y rel y upo nth

e validit y

o f suc hindemnit y provisions , employee s shoul db e instructedno t t o signthem . Inasmuch^a s th

e Clea nAi r Ac t an dth e Federa l Wate r Pollutio nControl ! Ac t Amendment s o f 197 2 gran t EPA employee s a righ t o f entry

t o corporat e facilities , a compan y ma y no t



### 46 .P.4 9

lawfull y

conditionth

e exercis e o f thi s righ t uponth e signin

g o f a releas e o r indemnit y agreement . Th e Clea nAi r Ac t provides , a t 4 2 US C 1857c—9(a ) (2) :

. . .th

e Administrato r or hi s authorized representative , upo npresentationo f hi s credential s (A ) shal l have a righ t o f entr y to , upon , o r throug han y premise s i nwhic h anemissionsourc e i s locatedo r i nwhic han y record s requiredt o b e maintained"unde r paragraph (1 ) o f thi s sectionar e located. . . Th e procedur e for enforcemen t o f thi s right i s providedi n 4 2 US C 1857c—8 : (a)(3 ) Whenever , o nth e basi s d f an

y information availabl e to him , th e Administrato r find s tha t an y personi s i nviolationof . . . an y requiremen t o f section1857c— 9 o f thi s title , he ma y issue an orde r requiring suchperso nto compl y

wit hsuchsection o r requirement , or h e ma y bring a civi l actioni n accordanc e wit hsubsection(b ) o f thi s section . (b ) Th e Administrato r ma y commenc e A civi l actionfor appropriat e relief , includin g a permanen t o r temporar y Injunction , wheneve r an y person—(4 ) fail s o r refuse s t o compl y

wit han

y requiremen t o f sectio n1857c— 9 o f thi s title . Whena fir

m refuse s entr

y t o anEPA

employe e performing hi s function s unde r th e CleanAi r Act , th e employe e ma

y appropriatel y cit e th

e statut e an

dremin dth e compan

y of EPA' s right t

o see k judicia l enforcement . I f th e compan

y persist s i nit s refusal , EPA shoul dg

o to cour t i npreferenc e t o signing a "Visitor s Release. " I nadditiont o procedur e for judicia l enforcemen t similar\t o tha t o f th e CleanAi r Act , th e Federa l Wate r Pollutio nContro l Ac t Amendment s o f 197 2 reinforc e EPA' s righ t o f entr

y wit hcrimina l an

dcivi l penalties . Sectio n30 9 states : (c)(1 ) An

y personwh o willfull y o r negligentl y

violate s section. . .30 8 o f thi s Ac t (Note—Sectio n30 5 establishe s th e righ t o f entry) . . . shal l be punishedb y a fin e o f no t les s than$2,50 0 no r mor e tha n$25,00 0 pe r da

y o f violation , or b y imprisonmen t for no t mor e tha non e year , or b

y both .



### 4 7P.5 0

I f th e convictio n i s fo r a violatio n committe d afte r a firs t convictio n o f suc hperso n unde r thi s paragraph , punishmen t shal l b e b ya fin e o f no t mor e tha n $50,00 0 pe r dayo f violation , o r b yimprisonmen t fo r no t mor e tha n tw o years , o r b yboth . (3 ) Fo r th e purpose s o f thi s subsection , th e term'person ' shal l mean , i n additio n t o th e definitio n containe d i n sectio n 502(5 ) o f thi s Act , an yresponsibl e corporat e officer . (d ) Anyperso n wh o violate s sectio n . . .30 8 o f thi s Act . and anyperso n wh o violate s an yorde r issue d byth e Administrato r unde r subsectio n (a ) o f thi s sectio n (Note—subsectio n (a ) provide s fo r administrativ e order s t o enf&rc e th e righ t o f entry) , shal l b e subjec t t o a civi l penalt yno t t o excee d $10,00 0 pe r dayo f suc h violation . I n Se e v . Seattle , 38 7 U.S . 541(1967 ) th e Suprem e Cour t reverse d th e convictio n o f a corporatio n fo r refusa l t o admi t buildin g inspector s o f th e Cit yo f Seattle . Justic e Whit e hel d tha t th e Fourt hand Fourteent hAmendment s require d a warran t fo r suc hinspections , eve n wher e th e searc hwa s reasonabl yrelate d t o protectin g th e publi c healt hand safet y and eve n wher e a corporation , rathe r tha n a n individual , wa s th e subject . Unde r Se e evidenc e obtaine d byinspector s o f th e Foo d and Dru g Administratio n ha s bee n hel d inadmissibl e wher e th e inspector s obtaine d consen t t o ente r b ythreatenin g prosecutio n unde r 2 1 US C 331 , whic hprovide s crimina l penaltie s fo r refusa l t o permi t entry , U.S . v . Krame r Grocer yCo. . 41 8 F2 d 98 7 (8t hCir. , 1969) . Althoug htw o mor e recen t Suprem e Cour t decisions , Colonnad e Caterin g Corp . v . U.S. , 39 7 U.S . 7 2 (1970 ) and U.S . v . Biswell . 9 2 S . Ct . 159 3 (1972) , ma ycreat e doub t a s t o whethe r Se e retain s it s origina l vigo r (se e Memorandu mo f th e Assistan t t o th e Deput yGenera l Counsel , Septembe r 29 , 1972) , th e possibilit ytha t evidenc e obtaine d unde r th e FWPC AAmendment s o f 197 2 wil l b e rule d inadmissibl e i s a ris k EP Anee d no t assume . Sinc e th e Amendment s provid e fo r judicia l enforcemen t o f th e righ t o f entry , EP Aemployee s shoul d b e instructe d no t t o mentio n th e civi l o r crimina l penaltie s o f Sectio n 30 9 whe n face d wit ha refusa l t o permi t entry . Whe n suc hrefusal s occur , thi s offic e shoul d b e informe d immediatel ys o tha t a decisio n ca n b e mad e a s t o whethe r t o issu e a n orde r o f th e Administrato r unde r 309(a ) o r see k a n appropriat e judicia l remedyunde r 309(b) . Vjoh n R . Quarles , Jr . 4 8P.5 1

ATTACHMENT 4

METHO D 9—VISUA L DETERMINATIONO F TH E OPACITY O F EMISSION S FRO M STATIONARY SOURCE S

Manystationarysource s discharg e visibl e emission s int o th e atmos phere ; thes e emission s ar e usuall yi n th e shap e o f a plume . Thi s metho d involve s th e determinatio n o f plum e opacit yb yqualifie d observers . Th e metho d include s procedure s fo r th e training an d certificatio n o f observers , an d procedure s t o b e use d i n th e fiel d fo r determinatio n o f plum e opacity . Th e appearanc e o f a plum e a s viewe d b ya n observe r depend s upo n a numbe r o f variables , some o f whic hma yb e controllabl e an d some o f whic h ma yno t b e controllabl e i n th e field . Variable s whic hca n he . controlle d t o a n exten t t o whic htheyn o longe r exer t a significan t influenc e upo n plum e appearanc e include : angl e o f th e observe r wit hrespec t t o th e plume ; angl e o f th e observe r wit hrespec t t o th e sun ; poin t o f observatio n o f attache d an

d detache d stea

mplume ; an

d angl e o f th e observe r wit h respec t t o a plum e emitte d froma rectangula r stac k wit ha larg e lengt h t o widt hratio . Th e metho d include s specifi c criteri a applicabl e t o thes e variables . Othe r variable s whic hma yno t b e controllabl e i n th e fiel d ar e luminescenc e an

d colo r contras t betwee n th e plum e an d th e background agains t whic hth e plum e i s viewed . Thes e variable s exer t a n influenc e upo n th e appearanc e o f a plum e a s viewe d b ya n observer , an

d ca n affec t th e abilit yo f th e observe r t o accuratel yassig n opacit yvalue s t o th e



### 4 9P.5 2

2 observe d plume . Studie s o f the theoryo f plum e opacit yan d fiel d studie s hav e demonstrate d tha t a plum e i s mos t visibl e an d present s th e greates t apparen t opacit ywhe n viewe d agains t a contrastin g background . I t follow s fromthis , an d i s confirme d b

yfiel d trials , tha t th e opacit yo f a plume , viewe d unde r condition s wher e a contrastin g background i s presen t can b e assigne d wit hth e greates t degre e o f accuracy . However , th e potentia l fo r a positiv e erro r i s als o th e greates t whe n a plum e i s viewe d unde r suc hcontrastin g conditions . Unde r condition s presentin g a les s contrasting background , th e apparen t opacit yo f a plum e i s les s an d approache s zer o a s th e colo r an d luminescenc e contras t decreas e toward zero . A s a result , significan t bia s an d negativ e error s ca n b e mad e whe n a plum e i s viewe d unde r les s contrastin g conditions . Anegativ e bia s decrease s rathe r tha n increase s th e possibilit ytha t a plan t operato r wil l b e cite d fo r a violatio n o f opacit ystandard s du e t o observe r error . Studie s hav e bee n undertake n t o determin e th e magnitud e o f positiv e error s whic hca n b e mad e b yqualifie d observer s whil e readin g plume s unde r contrasting condition s an d using th e procedure s se t fort hi n thi s method . Th e result s o f thes e studie s (fiel d trials ) whic hinvolv e a tota l o f 76 9 set s o f 2 5 reading s eac har e a s follows : (1 ) Fo r blac k plume s (13 3 set s a t a smok e generator) , 100 % o f th e set s wer e read wit ha positiv e error * o f les s tha n 7.5 % opacity ; 99 % wer e read wit ha positiv e erro r o f les s tha n 5 % opacity . *Fo r a set , positiv e erro r + averag e opacit ydetermine d b yobserver' s 2 5 observation s - averag e opacit ydetermine d fromtransmissometer' s 2 5 recordings .

5 0P.5 3

3 (2 ) Fo r whit e plume s (17 0 set s a t a smok e generator" ; 16 8 set s a t a coal-fire d powe r plant , 29 8 set s a t a sulfuri c aci d plant) , 99 % o f th e set s wer e rea d wit ha positiv e erro r o f les s tha n 7.5 % opacity ; 95 % wer e rea d wit ha positiv e erro r o f les s tha n 5 % opacity .

Th e positiv e observationa l erro r associate d wit ha n averag e o f 2 5 reading s i s therefor e established . Th e accurac yo f th e metho d mus t b e take n int o accoun t whe n determinin g possibl e violation s o f applicabl e opacit ystandards .

1 . Principl e and applicability . 1. 1 Principle . Th e opacit yo f emission s fro mstationar ysource s i s determine d visuall ybya qualifie d observer .

1. 2 Applicability . Thi s metho d i s applicabl e fo r determinatio n o f th e opacit yo f emission s fro mstationar ysource s pursuan t t o 960.11(b ) and fo r qualifyin g observer s fo r visuall ydeterminin g opacit yo f emissions .

2 . Procedures . Th e observe r qualifie d i n accordanc e wit hparagrap h 3 o f thi s metho d shal l us e th e followin g procedure s fo r visuall ydeterminin g th e opacit yo f emissions :

2. 1 Position . Th e qualifie d observe r shal l stand a t a distanc e sufficien t t o provid e a clea r vie wo f th e emission s wit hth e su n oriente d i n th e 140 ° secto r t o hi s back . Consisten t wit hmaintainin g th e abov e requirement , th e observe r shall , a s muc ha s possible , mak e hi s observation s fro ma positio n suc htha t hi s lin e o f visio n i s approximatel yperpendicula r t o th e plum e direction , ari d whe n observin g opacit yo f emission s fro mrec tangula r outlet s (e.g . roo f monitors , ope n baghouses , noncircula r stacks) , approximatel yperpendicula r t o th e longe r axi s o f th e outlet . Th e observer' s lin e o f sigh t shoul d no t includ e mor e tha n on e plum e a t a tim e whe n multipl e stack s ar e involved , and i n an ycas e th e observe r shoul d mak e hi s obser

vation s wit hhi s lin e o f sigh t perpendicula r t o th e longe r axi s o f suc ha se t o f multipl e stack s (e.g . stub stack s o n baghouses) . 5 12. 2 Fiel d records . Th e observe r shal l recor d th e nam e o f th e plant , emissio n location , typ e facility , observer' s nam e an d affiliation , an

d the dat e o n a fiel d dat a shee t (Figur e 9-1) . Th e time , estimate d distance- * t o th e emissio n location , approximat e wind direction , estimate d wind speed , descriptio n o f the sk yconditio n (presenc e an d colo r o f clouds) , an d plum e background ar e recorde d o n a fiel d dat a shee t a t the time opacit yreading s ar e initiate d an

d completed . 2. 3 Observations . Opacit yobservation s shal l b e mad e a t th e poin t o f greates t opacit yi n tha t portio n o f the plume wher e condense d wate r vapo r i s no t present . Th e observer , shal l no t loo k continuousl ya t th e plume , bu t instead shal l observ e th e plum e momentaril ya t 15-second intervals . 2.3. 1 Attache d stea mplumes . Whe n condense d wate r vapo r i s presen t withi n the plum e a s i t emerge s fromthe emissio n outlet , opacit yobservations , shal l b e mad e beyond the poin t i n th e plum e a t whic hcondense d wate r vapor ' i s n o longe r visible . Th e observe r shal l recor d th e approximat e distanc e from th e emissio n outle t t o the poin t i n th e plum e a t whic hth e observation s ar e made . 2.3. 2 Detache d stea mplume . Whe n wate r vapo r i n th e plum e condense s an d become s visibl e a t a distinc t distanc e fromth e emissio n outlet , the opacit yo f emission s shoul d b e evaluate d a t the emissio n outle t prio r t o th e condensatio n o f wate r vapo r an d th e formatio n o f th e stea mplume . 2. 4 Recordin g observations . Opacit yobservation s shal l b e recorde d t o the neares t 5 percen t a t 15-second interval s o n a n observationa l recor d sheet . (Se e Figur e 9- 2 fo r a n example. ) Aminimu mo f 2 4 observation s shal l b e recorded . Eac hmomentaryobservatio n recorde d shal l b e deeme d t o represen t the averag e opacit yo f emission s fo r a 15-second period . 

### 5 2P.5 5

2. 5 Dat a Reduction . Opacit yshal l b e determine d a s a n averag e o f 2 4 consecutiv e observation s recorde d a t 15-secon d intervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde d o n th e record shee t int o set s o f 2 4 consecutiv e observations . Ase t i s compose d o f an y2 4 consecutiv e observations . Set s nee d no t b e consecutiv e i n time an d i n n o cas e shal l two set s overlap . Fo r eac hse t o f 2 4 observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summing th e opacit yo f the 2 4 observation s an d dividing thi s su mb y24 . I f an applicabl e standar d specifie s an averaging time requiring mor e tha n 2 4 observations , calculat e th e averag e fo r al l observation s mad e during the specifie d time period . Recor d the averag e opacit yo n a recor d sheet . (Se e Figur e 9- 1 fo r a n example. ) 3 . Qualification s an d testing . 3. 1 Certificatio n requirements . T o receiv e certificatio n a s a qualifie d observer , a candidat e mus t b e teste d an d demonstrat e th e abilit yt o assig n opacit yreading s i n 5 percen t increment s t o 2 5 differen t blac k plume s an

d 2 5 differen t whit e plumes , wit ha n erro r no t t o excee d 1 5 percen t opacit yo n an yon e reading an

d an averag e erro r no t t o excee d 7. 5 percen t opacit yi n eac hcategory . Candidate s shal l b e teste d accordin g t o th e procedure s describe d i n paragraph3.2 . Smok e generator s use d pursuan t t o paragrap h3. 2 shal l b e equippe d wit ha smok e mete r whic hmeet s the requirement s o f paragrap h3.3 . Th e certificatio n shal l b e vali d fo r a perio d o f 6 months , a t whic h time the qualificatio n procedur e mus t b e repeate d b yan yobserve r i n orde r t o retai n certification . 3. 2 Certificatio n procedure . Th e certificatio n tes t consist s o f showing the candidat e a complet e ru n o f 5 0 plumes—2 5 blac k plume s an d 2 5 whit e plumes—generate d b ya smok e generator . Plume s withi n eac hse t o f

5 3P.5 6

6 2 5 blac k an

d whit e run s shal l b e presente d i n randomorder . Th e candi

dat e assign s a n opacit yvalu e t o eac hplum e an d record s hi s observation s o n a suitabl e form . A t the completio n o f eac hrun o f 5 0 readings , th e scor e o f the candidat e i s determined . I f a candidat e fail s t o qualify , the complet e run o f 5 0 reading s mus t b e repeate d i n an yretest . Th e smok e tes t mayb e administere d a s par t o f a smok e schoo l o r training program , an d mayb e precede d b ytraining o r familiarizatio n run s o f th e smok e generato r during whic hcandidate s ar e show n blac k an

d whit e plume s o f known opacity .



### 5 4COMPANY

LOCATIO N TES T NUMBER , DAT E TYP E FACILIT Y CONTRO L DEVIC E Figur e 9-1 . Ffel ddat a sheet . HOUR S O F OBSERVATION , OBSERVE R OBSERVE RCERTIFICATIO N DATE _ OBSERVE RAFFILIATIO N POIN T O F EMISSION S HEIGH T O F DISCHARG E POIN T

cn cn CLOC KTIM E OBSERVE RLOCATION Distanc e t o Discharg e Directio nfro

m Discharg e Heigh t o f Observatio nPoin t BACKGROUNDDESCRIPTION WEATHE RCONDITION S WindDirectio n WindSpee d Ambien t Temperatur e SK YCONDITION S (clear , overcast , %

clouds , etc. ) PLUM E DESCRIPTIO N Colo r Distanc e Visibl e OTHE RINFORMATION Initia l Fina l

. •

Reading s range dfro m t o Se t Numbe r SUMMAR

YOF AVERAG E OPACITY Tln- P Start—En d Opacit y

Su m Averag e

%opacit y Th e sourc e was/wa s no t i n complianc e wit h th e tim e evaluatio n wa s made . a t

- JP.5 8



### FIGUR E 9- 2 OBSERVATION RECOR D PAG E O F COMPANY LOCATION _ TES T NUMBER DAT E OBSERVE R TYP E FACILIT Y POIN T OF EMISSION S



### Hr .

i Min . 

### 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 16 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 Second s 

### ~0 ~ 15 3 0 4 5 STEAMPLUM E

(chec k 1 f aoplicable ) Attache d Detache d COMMENT S



### 5 6P.5 9



### FIGUR E 9- 2 OBSERVATIO NRECOR D

(Continued ) PAG E O F COMPANY LOCATIO N TES T NUMBE R DAT E OBSERVE R TYP E FACILIT Y POIN TO F EMISSION S



### Hr .

, , Min . 

### 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 Second s 

### 0 15 3 0 4 5 STEAMPLUM E

(chec k i f applicable) . Attache d Detache d COMMENT S

5 7ATTACHMEN T5 a

FIGUR E 1

TOPSID E VIEW-COK E BATTER Y PRIMAR YEMISSIO N POINT S

c n c o LARR YCA R HOPPE R CHARGIN G HOL E OTHE R EMISSIO N POINT S

OBSERVE R POSITIO N LARR YCA R CONTRO L SYSTE M STANDPIP E LI D

10/9/7 4 K MP.6 1 ATTACHMEN T5 b

FIGUR E 2 DOO R REMOVE D VISIBL E EMISSION S



### QUENC H CA

R DOO R REMOVA L MACHINE

COK E OBSERVE R POSITIO N GROUN D LEVEL-COK E SID E PUSHIN G OPERATIO N EMISSION S EMANAT E FRO M TH E COK E A S I TENTER S TH E QUENC H CA R AN D AR E EVALUATE D AGAINS TTH E SKY
.

FIGUR E 3 AL LDOOR S I N PLAC E LEVELIN G DOOR S CLOSE D

VISIBL E EMISSION S ARE A

GROUN D LEVEL-PUS H SID E DOO R LEAKAG E •OBSERVE R POSITIO N EMISSION S EMANAT E FRO M TH E EDGE S O F TH E COK E DOOR S AN D LEVELIN G DOORS , AN D AR E EVALUATE D AGAINS TTH E BATTER YSTRUCTURE
.

.'60ATTACHMEN T6 P.6 2

DRILLIN G RI G DRILLIN G

EMISSIO N POIN T

LOADIN G HOPPE R CRUSHIN G

EMISSIO N POIN T LOADIN G HOPPE R

PRIMAR YCRUSHE R SECONDAR YCRUSHE R CONVEYIN G - SCREENIN G CONVEYO R EMISSIO N POIN T SCREENIN G EMISSIO N POIN T

STORAG E

EMISSIO N POIN T

10/10/7 4 6 1P.6 3

ATTACHMEN T7

ROO F MONITO R EMISSION S

EMISSIO N POINT S ROO F MONITO R

OBSERVE R POSITIO N

10/10/7 4

6 2P.6 4

ATTACHMENT 8 Industria l Ai r Pollutio n Surveyo f Poin t Sourc e Ke n Malmber g Technica l Adviso r Ke n Shi h Chief , Fiel d Suppor t Sectio n NAM E & LOCATION AB C Grai n Co . Decatur , I N4673 3 DAT E O F SURVE Y January31 , 197 4 EPAPERSONNE L PARTICIPATIN G Kennet hB . Malmber g WilliamBeye r PERSONNE L CONTACTE D Mr . Be n Jones , Plan t Manage r PURPOS E AB S responde d t o a reques t fromEnforcemen t Divisio n t o ascertai n whethe r o r no t the suspec t sourc e wa s i n apparen t violatio n o f visibl e emissio n regulatio n APC-3 , fo r th e stat e o f Indiana . Specifically , w e wer e t o inspec t the elevato r operations , an d th e oi l extractio n plant , an d tak e not e o f an

yothe r emission s tha t ar e nea r th e visibl e emission s limi t o f 40 % opacity . PRODUCT S Soybea n oi l an

d soybea n mea l i s produce d a t thi s feed mil l whic hpro cesse s 70,00 0 bushel s pe r dayo f soybeans . Th e mea l i s use d a s a constituen t t o anima l fee d wit happroximatel y(5/6 ) o f tota l productio n sol d t o othe r producers . Th e remainin g (1/6 ) o f th e mea l i s combine d wit hgrain s int o a complet e lin e o f anima l an d polutryfeeds , bagge d an d shippe d fromthi s location . Mollasse s an d mea t scrap s ar e additive s t o variou s o f thes e feeds .

6 3P.6 5

Th e crud e soybea n oi l i s filtered , the n degumme d wit ha n alkalin e solu

tio n i n th e initia l refining stage . I t the n proceed s t o th e edibl e oi l refinin g an

d shortening plan t fo r fina l processin g prio r t o shipping . PROCES S Th e soybea n i s unloade d fromboxcar s int o dee p receivin g hopper s fo r elevato r storage . Fromth e elevato r th e bean s ar e remove d a s needed . Afte r cleaning th e bea n i s cracke d b yfeeding i t throughrolling equip

ment , an

d the n th e hull s ar e removed . Th e remainin g par t o f th e bean s ar e rolle d int o a flak e an d hexan e i s injecte d int o th e proces s t o remov e th e fat . Sinc e the hexan e i s volatile , a close d systemo f recoveryi s provide d fo r recoveryo f th e solvent . An ysolven t remainin g i s drive n of f a s a vapo r b ytoasting th e flak e an d the n condense d fo r eventua l recoveryi n a separatio n tank . MAJO R RA

W MATERIAL S Soybeans , alfalfa , corn , phosphates . TECHNICAL SURVE Y O F EMISSIONSOURCE S 1 . Boile r hous e (6 ) reading s wer e recorde d ove r 40 % opacit ydurin g (30 ) minute s o f evaluation . Th e remainde r o f reading s (5 0 readings ) wer e i n th e (35% ) t o (40% ) opacit yrange . Thi s boile r hous e consist s o f (2 ) coal-fire d boilers , and ' (1 ) gas-fire d boiler , wit hal l (3 ) boiler s ventin g int o a commo n stack . 2 . Eas t Workhous e Dryer-Emission s fromth e ven t o n thi s drye r wer e i n th e 25 % t o 35 % opacit yrang e whil e observed . Theywer e locate d o n to p o f Nort hReceivin g Hous e Elevators . 3 . ill Truc k Dum

p Aspiration-Thi s ground-leve l collecto r wa s emitting particulat e i n th e 30 % t o 40 % opacit yrang e during observation . Thi s emissio n had cease d b yth e tim e th e inspectio n wa s begun . Thi s i s th e onl ytruc k dum

p whic hdoe s no t hav e a baghous e collectio n device . 4 . Tunne l Bel t Aspiration-Jumb o Silos-Thi s collectio n devic e wa s emitting i n th e 2 0 t o 30 % opacit yrang e durin g th e entir e time o f observatio n o f th e boile r house . 5 . Top Bel t SystemAspiration-Prio r t o th e in-plan t inspection , thi s sourc e wa s observe d emitting particulat e i n th e 20 % t o 30 % opacit y range . RECOMMENDATION S I n vie wo f th e numerou s emissio n source s a t thi s plant , man yo f whic h ar e borderlin e wit hrespec t t o visibl e emissio n violations , emissio n factor s shoul d b e use d t o substantiat e violation s o f applicabl e Stat e regulations . Continue d surveillanc e o f thi s sourc e woul d probabl yproduc e opacit y reading s simila r t o th e abov e whic hwer e no t i n exces s o f (50% ) opacity . 

### 6 4P.6 6

SOURC ENAME , ATTACHMEN T 9 VISIBL E EMISSIO

N OBSERVATIO

N FOR M (EXAMPLE

) OBSERVE

R ADDRESS . DAT E

OBSERVATIO

NPOIN T STA<°K

- DISTAN TFR<">

M _HFir.H T WIN D - SPF*P.,„ . nippPTin N <ivv rnNnmnN m i O RO FRMTSSION * _ RF T ATTVF HTIMmfTY ORSFRVATTD N RFP.A N FNTIF n 4MRIFM T AI RTFMPFRATTIRF FVA I IIATDR' S Sir.NATURF. : TFRTTFi rATIO N nATF COMMENTS :

PLAN TREPRESENTATIVE : NAME : TTT T F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 27 2 8 2 9 0 1 5 3 0 4 5 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 0 1 5 3 0 4 5

6 5P.6 7

COMPAN Y- LOCATION. INSPECTION . COM . REP. . APPENDI X A- l DOO ROBSERVATION S

SK YCONDITION BACKGROUN

D WIN D DIRECTIO N WIN D VELOCITY DATE :

BATTER Y OVE N NO . PUS HO R COK E SID E TIME : STAR T

FINIS H COMMENT S

•



### 6 6P.6 8

A" 3 CHARGIN G OBSERVATION S

COMPAN Y LOCATIO N INSPECTO R COMPAN YREP . BATTER YI D OVE N I D DAT E

OBSERVATIO N LOCATIO N 

# o o o > cc cc < SK YCONDITIO N BACKGROUN D WIN D DIRECTIO N (SHO WO N DIAGRAM ) WIN D VELOCIT Y• CODE : INDICAT E POSITIO N RELATIV E T O LARR YCA R

TIM E O F CHARGE : STAR T EN D TIME > % OPACIT

Y MAX . OPACIT Y

MAR KDOMINAN T EMISSIO N POINT

S

COMMENT

S

6 7P.6 9

A- 2 TOPSID E OBSERVATION S COMPAN Y« LOCATION_ INSPECTOR , BATTERY ID , DATE

COMPAN YREP. . OVE NNO . LEAKING TIME :

START FINIS H PUS H SID E

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