Revision of Stratigraphic Names 

For Some Eocene Formations 

In Santa Barbara and 

Ventura Counties, California

By J. G. VEDDER

CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1354-D
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

V. E. McKelvey, Director

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 71-185767

U.S. GOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1972

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents (paper cover)

Stock Number 2401-2070
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract______________________________________ Dl

Introduction _____________..______ ___________ __ 1

Sierra Blanca Limestone __________________________-_ 2

Juncal Formation ________________________________ 5

Matilija Sandstone _______________________________ 8

Cozy Dell Shale _________________________________ 9

Coldwater Sandstone ______________________________ 10

References cited _________________________________ 10

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

FIGURE 1. Chart showing evolution of nomenclature for Eocene strata

in parts of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties .___ D3

2. Map showing location of type area of the Tejon Formation

and of the sketch maps shown in figure 3 ____ __ 4

3. Sketch maps of type areas of Eocene formations discussed- 6

ill

CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

REVISION OF STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES FOR SOME EOCENE

FORMATIONS IN SANTA BARBARA AND

VENTURA COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA

By J. G. VEDDER

ABSTRACT

Rock units of Eocene age in the southeastern San Rafael Mountains and 

eastern Santa Ynez Mountains have had a relatively consistent set of names 

for at least 20 years. In upward stratigraphic order, these units are the 

Sierra Blanca Limestone, Juncal Formation, Matilija Sandstone, Cozy Dell 

Shale, and Coldwater Sandstone. The last three originally were assigned 

subformational rank, but their recognition as formations is deemed valid on 

the basis of firmly established use of this higher rank designation and on the 

basis of their distribution as regionally mappable units. Although the precise 

age and correlation of each remains in doubt, new paleontologic evidence from 

the upper Mono Creek-Pine Mountain area suggests that together these 

formations represent much of early, all of middle, and part of late Eocene 

time.

INTRODUCTION

The stratigraphic nomenclature for rocks of Eocene age in the 

southeastern San Rafael Mountains, eastern Santa Ynez Mountains, and Pine Mountain area requires slight modification to 

conform to present knowledge of the distribution, succession, and 

ages of these strata. Recent detailed reconnaissance mapping along 

the Big Pine fault between Big Pine Mountain and San Guillermo 

Mountain (Vedder and others, 1971) also has demonstrated the 

need for formalization of names for early Tertiary rock units in 

that area and has provided new paleontologic information that is 

helpful in correlating these units with previously named units 

nearby. Dickinson (1969) also has recognized the need for standardized terminology for the rock units in the Sespe Creek-Pine

Dl
D2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

Mountain region despite the fact that precise regional correlations 

remain in dispute.

The commonly used names Sierra Blanca Limestone (Nelson, 

1925); Juncal Formation (Page and others, 1951); Matilija Sandstone and Cozy Dell Shale (Kerr and Schenck, 1928), and Coldwater Sandstone (Kew, 1924) are proposed for adoption herein 

as names of formation rank. All these names have persisted for at 

least 20 years in numerous published and unpublished sources on 

the geology of the Santa Barbara-Ventura district (fig. 1), and 

their formal adoption is long overdue. With the exception of the 

Sierra Blanca Limestone, which occurs as discontinuous lenses, 

each unit is mappable throughout much of the region. Although 

similar rock units underlie much of the Sierra Madre Mountains 

and southeastern La Panza Range to the northwest (Vedder and 

others, 1967; Vedder and Brown, 1968), it seems premature to 

assign any of the above names to them until they are mapped in 

detail and their stratigraphic succession and correlation are more 

precisely known. Chipping (1969), however, has appended informal new names to aid in his description of lithogenetic sequences in that area.

The former designation of the Matilija Sandstone, Cozy Dell 

Shale, and Coldwater Sandstone as subunits within the Tejon 

Formation is now considered by most geologists to be inappropriate because the Tejon type area is nearly 40 miles to the northeast and is on the opposite side of the San Andreas fault, along 

which there has been many miles of post-Eocene right-lateral slip. 

The name Topatopa Formation (Eldridge, in Eldridge and Arnold, 

1907, p. 5-7) probably should remain suppressed (Wilmarth, 

1938, p. 2166), as it has had inconsistent usage both stratigraphically and chronologically (fig. 1).

The new paleontologic information concerning rock units in the 

upper Mono Creek-Pine Mountain area is based on identification 

and correlation of microfossil assemblages by R. L. Pierce and on 

provisional age assignments based on identification of mollusk 

assemblages by the author.

SIERRA BLANCA LIMESTONE

The name Sierra Blanca Limestone was proposed by Nelson 

(1925, p. 352) for a lenticular body of distinctive white algal 

limestone that is prominently exposed along the south side of the 

San Rafael Mountains between East Fork Santa Cruz Creek 

and Alamar Canyon (figs. 2, 3). A type locality was designated 

by Keenan (1932, p. 65) ; the representative outcrop was a 225-foot
STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES, EOCENE FORMATIONS D3

Eldridge and 

Arnold (1907)

Santa Clara 

Valley area

Sespe Formation

Topatopa 

Formation

Kew (1924)

North of Santa 

Clara River

Sespe Formation

Tejon Formation

"Coldwater" 

Sandstone

Nelson (1925)

Southeastern San 

Rafael Mountains

Undifferentiated 

Eocene (Meganos and Tejon 

Formations)

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Mono Shale

Kerr and Schenck 

(1928)

Matilija Creek 

area

Sespe Formation

Tejon Formation

Coldwater 

Sandstone

Cozy Dell 

Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Chico Formation

Reed and Hollister 

(1936)

Ojai district

Coldwater 

Sandstone 

Member

Cozy Dell Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone 

Member

Unnamed 

member

Middle or 

Lower Eocene

Cretaceous(?)

Page, Marks, and 

Walker (1951)

Mountains 

northeast 

of Santa Barbara

Sespe Formation

"Coldwater 

Sandstone"

Cozy Dell Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Juncal Formation

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Pendola Shale

Bailey, in Redwine 

and others (1952)

Ojai district

Sespe Formation

Coldwater 

Sandstone

Cozy Dell Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Juncal Formation

1 Camino Cielo 

{Sandstone Member

Sierra Blanca 

equivalent

Upper Cretaceous 

Shale

Merrill (1952, 

1954)

Sespe Creek-Pine 

Mountain area

Sespe Formation

"Coldwater" 

Sandstone 

(Formation)*

Cozy Dell Shale 

(Formation)*

Matilija 

Sandstone 

(Formation)*

Juncal Formation

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Upper Cretaceous 

strata

Dibblee (1966)

Central Santa 

Ynez Mountains

Sespe Formation

"Coldwater" 

Sandstone

Cozy Dell Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Juncal Formation

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Jalama Formation

Dickinson (1969)

Mountains between Ventura 

and Cuyama

Sespe Formation

a

a

s

o

(O

a. 

o

CO

0.

.2

Coldwater 

Sandstone

Cozy Dell 

Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Juncal Formation

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Eschner (1969)

Fillmore area

Sespe Formation

Tejon Group

Coldwater 

Formation

Cozy Dell 

Formation

Topatopa 

Formation

This report

Upper Mono 

Creek-Pine 

Mountain area

Sespe Formation

Coldwater 

Sandstone

Cozy Dell Shale

Matilija 

Sandstone

Juncal Formation

Sierra Blanca 

Limestone

Unnamed Upper 

Cretaceous shale

"Terminology of 1954 report.

FIGURE 1. Evolution of nomenclature for Eocene strata in parts of Santa 

Barbara and Ventura Counties. The Sierra Blanca Limestone, Juncal 

Formation, Matilija Sandstone, Cozy Dell Shale, and Coldwater Sandstone 

presumably represent much of Eocene time; however, the lower part of 

the nonmarine Sespe Formation in the type area of that formation is also 

late Eocene in age. Names that have been used for underlying strata are 

also shown.
D4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY
STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES, EOCENE FORMATIONS D5

section in Indian Creek. The type locality is here considered the 

type section (fig. 3). The recognition of widely scattered lenses 

by both Keenan (1932) and Woodring (1930, 1931) extended the 

known distribution of the unit. Walker (1950) provided a detailed 

description of the formation in the type area, and Dibblee (1950,

1966) mapped it throughout southern Santa Barbara County. 

Page, Marks, and Walker (1951, p. 1745-1749) mapped it and 

described its stratigraphic relations in the vicinity of lower Mono 

Creek. Additional outcrops near the type area were identified as 

Sierra Blanca Limestone by recent work (Vedder and others,

1967). In Ventura County, Merrill (1954) mapped two narrow 

lenses of Sierra Blanca Limestone south of lower Matilija Creek; 

Bailey (in Redwine, 1952) noted the probable occurrence of the 

formation north of Ojai. The formation is everywhere unconformable on rocks of Late Cretaceous or older age within the area 

under discussion, but this unconformity may not persist into the 

northwestern Sierra Madre Mountains area; there similar algal 

limestone lenses seem to be conformable on strata of older Tertiary 

age (Vedder and Brown, 1968).

On the basis of foraminiferal assemblages, Mallory (1959, p. 

35-36, 76) assigned the Sierra Blanca Limestone to his upper 

Penutian Stage, which probably correlates with part of the "Capay 

Stage" of early Eocene age as used by Weaver and others (1944) 

and Durham (1954).

JUNCAL FORMATION

Page, Marks, and Walker (1951, p. 1749) proposed the name 

Juncal Formation for an interbedded sandstone and shale unit 

in the southeastern San Rafael Mountains and eastern Santa Ynez 

Mountains. Their type section is about 6 miles due south of 

Hildreth Peak, about a mile east of Agua Caliente Creek, and about 

2 miles northeast of the Santa Ynez River (figs. 2, 3). The same 

workers correlate the Juncal Formation with Nelson's (1925, 

p. 354) "undifferentiated Eocene" in the upper Mono Creek area. 

Mapping has shown that at places where the Sierra Blanca Limestone is absent, the Juncal Formation unconformably overlies 

Upper Cretaceous strata. Strata similar to those of the type Juncal 

form thick successions in the Pine Mountain region and near 

Rancho Nuevo Creek; these units have been assigned to the Juncal 

by Merrill (1954), Crowell (1964, p. 9, fig. 3), and Dickinson 

(1969, p. 13). Bailey (in Redwine, 1952) described the stratigraphy of the formation north of Ojai. A thick sequence of Eocene 

rocks in the Sierra Madre Range (Vedder and others, 1967; Vedder
D6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

119°37'30"

34° 

37' 

30"

EXPLANATION

1 MILE Geology after Vedder, Gower, 

J Clifton, and Durham (1967)

A. Sierra Blanca Limestone

Sedimentary rocks 

undifferentiated

Contact

U

Fault

Long dashed where approximately 

located; short dashed where inferred; dottedwhere concealed. U, 

upthrown side; D, downthrown 

side

1 MILE Geology after Merrill (1954)

Anticline Syncline 

Fold axes

C. Matilija Sandstone and Cozy Dell Shale

FIGURE 3. Type areas of Eocene formations discussed. (See figure 2 for 

location of sketch maps.)
STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES, EOCENE FORMATIONS D7

119°30'

1 MILE Geology after Page, Marks, and 

Walker (1951) and Dibblee (1966)

B. Juncal Formation

< 34°27'30"

Geology after Eschner (1969)

D. Coldwater Sandstone 

FIGURE 3. Continued
D8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

and Brown, 1968, p. 244-245; Chipping, 1969) is in part correlative with the Juncal Formation but differs in lithologic details 

and stratal succession.

Foraminiferal assemblages reported by Page, Marks, and 

Walker (1951, p. 1754) from the lower part of the formation in the 

type area suggest assignment to the upper Penutian Stage or 

lower Ulatisian Stage; most of the megafossil species reported by 

the same workers from the basal sandstone are too long ranging 

for precise age determination, but the assemblage suggests an 

early or middle Eocene age. Recently collected foraminiferal 

assemblages from the lower part of the formation along upper 

Mono Creek and near Rancho Nuevo Creek range from Penutian 

or older to lower Ulatisian. A few new mollusk assemblages from 

shaly zones in the lower Tinta Creek area are provisionally 

assigned an age that ranges from early to middle Eocene ("Capay 

and Domengine Stages" as used by Weaver and others, 1944, and 

Durham, 1954). Presumably the Juncal Formation includes strata 

of both early and middle Eocene age.

MATILIJA SANDSTONE

The Matilija Sandstone was named by Kerr and Schenck (1928, 

p. 1090), who selected a type section in the canyon at Matilija 

Springs about 4 miles northwest of Ojai and about 10 miles due 

south of Reyes Peak. They assigned the unit to the Tejon Formation and extended the name eastward to exposures on Santa Paula 

Ridge and Topatopa Mountain. Although these workers stated 

that the unit apparently is conformable on strata of Cretaceous 

age, later paleontologic data has demonstrated that the underlying 

rocks are Eocene in age and that they are equivalent to the type 

Juncal Formation (Page and others, 1951, p. 1757; Bailey, in 

Redwine, 1952). The name Matilija Sandstone has been used 

throughout the Santa Ynez Mountains (Kelley, 1943; Dibblee, 

1950, 1966; Page and others, 1951, p. 1756-1758); both Merrill 

(1952, 1954) and Dickinson (1969, p. 14-16) applied it to similar 

strata in the Pine Mountain region. Dickinson, however, noted 

that precise correlation of sandstone units between different structural blocks may prove difficult, particularly across the Santa Ynez 

fault.

Mallory (1959, p. 95) implied that, on the basis of unpublished 

work in the type area by R. C. Blaisdell, the Matilija Formation 

ranges from the upper Ulatisian Stage to the lower Narizian Stage. 

The biostratigraphic relations, however, seem to be more complex. 

One new microfossil locality from the middle part of the formation
STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES, EOCENE FORMATIONS D9

northeast of Madulce Peak is assigned to the Narizian Stage, but 

stratigraphically higher strata contain Ulatisian faunas, suggesting that the guide species overlap and are longer ranging than 

previously supposed. Throughout the upper Mono Creek-Pine 

Mountain region, the Matilija Formation is underlain by strata 

that contain microfaunas diagnostic of the Ulatisian Stage and is 

overlain by strata that contain both Ulatisian and Narizian Stage 

microfauna. The apparent broad overlap of ranges and reversals 

in faunal successions indicate that the assemblages are facies controlled and that the stage names are in need of revision. Megafossils reported from the type area by Kerr and Shenck (1928, 

p. 1090) and by Bailey (in Redwine, 1952) suggest an age assignment of middle or late Eocene ("Domengine Stage" or "transition 

beds" and "Tejon Stage" in the usage of Weaver and others, 1944, 

and Durham, 1954). Mollusks from numerous localities in the 

fine-grained sandstone zones of the Matilija Formation north and 

east of Madulce Peak and north of Pine Mountain (Vedder and 

others, 1971) also suggest a middle or late Eocene age.

COZY DELL SHALE

The name Cozy Dell Shale was applied by Kerr and Schenck 

(1928, p. 1090) to a unit composed of interbedded shale and sandstone northwest of Ojai, and the type section designated is in a 

tributary to the Ventura River, Cozy Dell Creek canyon; there the 

formation lies conformably on the Matilija Sandstone. Although 

Kerr and Schenck did not give the geographic distribution of the 

unit, Kelley (1943), Dibblee (1950, 1966), and Page, Marks, and 

Walker (1951, p. 1758-1759) extended the usage of the name 

throughout the Santa Ynez Range and into the southeastern San 

Rafael Mountains. Bailey (in Redwine, 1952) provided a stratigraphic description in the type area. Similar strata in the -Pine 

Mountain region were assigned to the Cozy Dell Shale by Merrill 

(1952, 1954) and by Dickinson (1969, p. 13-15) ; Dickinson discussed the facies relations with other units.

Mallory (1959, p. 78) implied that the formation throughout 

the Santa Ynez Range falls within his Narizian Stage, and the 

combined rnegafossil assemblages reported by all the above authors 

suggest a middle or late Eocene age (chiefly "transition beds" and 

"Tejon Stage" as used by Weaver and others, 1944, and Durham, 

1954). Recently collected foraminiferal faunas from the Cozy Dell 

Shale in the upper Mono Creek area, from the vicinity of Potrero 

Seco, and from the north side of Pine Mountain include both 

Ulatisian (?) Stage and Narizian Stage indicators. That some
D10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

guide species are found in reverse stratigraphic order at places 

suggests that they are facies controlled and that their overlapping 

ranges destroy their value as guide fossils. Mollusks from these 

same areas and from exposures east of Madulce Peak (Vedder 

and others, 1971) suggest a middle or late Eocene age.

COLDWATER SANDSTONE

Although the name Coldwater is preoccupied in Michigan by a 

Mississippian formation composed of shale (Wilmarth, 1938, 

p. 485-486), the different lithologic designation, wide age discrepancy, geographic separation, and long local usage should 

justify its adoption as a formal name in the Eocene succession of 

Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. Kew (1924, p. 26) used the 

name informally for a sandstone unit described by Watts (1897) 

in Coldwater Canyon about 5 miles northwest of Fillmore. Kerr 

and Schenck (1928, p. 1090) noted that the beds are traceable for 

more than 40 miles in the Santa Ynez Mountains. Kew stated 

(1924, p. 26-28) that the unit rests on older Eocene rocks with a 

gradational contact and that it forms the upper lithologic division 

of the Tejon Formation north of the Santa Clara River. In the 

type area, the Coldwater Sandstone is unconformably overlain by 

the Sespe Formation; elsewhere, the upper contact either is a 

local disconformity or is gradational. Taliaferro (1924, p. 789- 

802) referred the unit to member rank in the Tejon Formation. 

The Coldwater Sandstone was mapped and described as a formation by Page, Marks, and Walker (1951, p. 1759-1760) northeast 

of Santa Barbara and by Dibblee (1966, p. 32-34) in the eastern 

Santa Ynez Mountains. Dickinson and Lowe (1966, p. 2467-2469) 

and Dickinson (1969, p. 11-17) recognized the formation in the 

Pine Mountain region.

Kerr and Schenck (1928, p. 1091) and Bailey (in Redwine, 

1952) reported late Eocene mollusks from the formation in the 

Ojai district ("Tejon Stage" as used by Weaver and others, 1944, 

and Durham, 1954). A siltstone zone in the lower part of the 

formation about 3 miles east of Hildreth Peak contains a foraminiferal assemblage that provisionally is assigned to the Narizian 

Stage (Vedder and others, 1971). Most geologists consider the 

Coldwater Sandstone to be late Eocene in age.

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Chipping, D. H., 1969, Lower Tertiary rocks of the La Panza, southern 

Santa Lucia, and Sierra Madre Ranges, California, in Dickinson, W. R.,
STRATIGRAPHIC NAMES, EOCENE FORMATIONS Dll

chm., Pacific Section, Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Guidebook, Upper Sespe Creek, 1969: p. 27-40.

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to Antelope Valley, southern California: Pacific Section, Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists, Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and 

San Joaquin Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 51 p.

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California Point Arguello, Lompoc, Point Conception, Los Olivos, and 

Gaviota quadrangles: California Div. Mines Bull. 150, 95 p.

 1966, Geology of the central Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara 

County, California: California Div. Mines and Geology Bull. 186, 99 p.

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D12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

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U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O - 452-256