YOUTH BACK FROM MOSCOW

Gaborone BOTSWANA GUARDIAN in English 14 Aug 85 p 5

[Brticle by Rampholo Molefhe/

[lent]

THE Botswana detega-
tion to the Interna-
tional Youth and
Student’s Festival
held in Moscow last
month, arrived at the
Sir Seretse Khama
Airport last week to
the welcoming songs
of Botswana Demo-
cratic Party choirs and
officials of the B.D.P.,
the Botswana National
Front and the Botswa-
na Peopie’s Party.
The delegation of 20,
including students and
members of the three
parties participated in
the 10 day festival
whese theme was,
Anti-imperialist Soli-
darity, Peace and
Friendship.
According to the
delegations leader and
Chairman of the 8.D.P.
youth wing, Mr Pelok-
gale Seloma, “‘our
stand on the anti-
imperialist issue is a
continuation of our
countries stand of non-
alignment’. Mr. Selo-
ma further explained
that in the contest
between the super-

cso: 3400/1110

powers, the United
Staies of America and
the Union of Soviet:
Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.) his delega-
tion aligns itself with
neither country

What was pleasantly
surprising was the
unity of purpose with
which the developing
countries and the
African liberation
movements spoke
against the continued
manufacture of
weaponry by the big
powers, said’ Mr
Seloma inan interview.

The money that goes
towards the arms race
would be better. used to
solve problems of illi-
teracy health and
poverty in the under-
develop countries.

The other problem,
he said, was that the
arms are used to fuel
wars and conflicts in
countries other than
those that produce the
arms. “It is indeed the
members of the non-
Aligned movement
who stand to suffer
from the unabated
export of arms by the

13

JPRS*SSA=854092
1 October 1985

BOTSWANA

big powers both in the
East and the West”
Speaking cn the
movement of peace Mr
Seloma pointed out
that the continue?
oppression of people in
the colonised countries
of the Southern African:
region san only militate
against the spirit of
regional cooperation
and the achievement of
a genuine peace.
According to Mr
Seioma, the pockets of
colonial rule tnat still
exist in countries like
South Africa and
Namibia point to the
unfortunate fect that
we cannot boast of a
complete freedom
Addressing a rally in
support cf the African
National Congress of
South Africa. Mr
Seloma, spoke in
support of the “mass
turning point which is
currently taking place
in South Africa. May
the Liberation Move-
ment in South Africa be
rest assured that the
Botswana youth fully
support them in their
patriotic war.”



The land thus acquired is usually cleared of bush by the services of a
tractor or manually with the traditional hoe with the-farmers working in
groups. This is normally done between January and April when the region
is experiencing dry season,

The second stage of the land preparation begins with the coming of the
early rains between June and July. The land is ploughed and harrowed to
loosen the soil. The stumps are then gathered and burnt while the grass
is ploughed in to serve as source of fertilizer.

While the land is being prepared, the seedlings are nursed. The seeds
are produced locally from wild plants while the forestry department
provide some seedlings. The research division of CMB has established
an experimental station at Bole in the Gonja traditional area for the
same purpose. Added to this are seedlings picked from wild trees. The
nursing of the seedlings last for a period of about three to four months
by which time the seedlings are ready for transplanting.

Transplanting of the seedlings are done to catch the early rains. The
plant takes between five to ten years to bear fruits from planting to
maturity. An average height of the trees stands between 80-100 feet tall
with long broad leaves that also provide shade. The bark of the tree is
characterized by broad and long scales resembling the back of a crocodile.

The crop can be intercropped with cereals and leguminous crops like
maize, millet, guinea corn and groundnut.

The region geographically lies within the natural sheanut zone which
stretches from Yendi in the eastern Dagomba through Bimbila in the Nanumba
traditional area jutting out from Western Dagomba and finally entering the
Gonja Traditional area at Bole.

The tree begins to bear round greenish fruits the size of table tennis
balls. The fleshy part which becomes sweet when ripe are picked by women
in groups who after removing the flesh, boil the nuts. The nuts are then
cracked to get the endosperm from which the shea butter oil is extracted.
The cracked nuts are then left to dry in the sun for a period of between
two to three weeks depending on the size of nuts and the prevailing
weather condition. After this period the sheanuts are then loaded into
sacks ready for marketing.

oil

Perhaps apart from the sale of nuts the most useful part of the industry
is the provision of cottage industry for the women folk. The women
engaged in the extraction of sheabutter oil from the nuts, crush the nuts
into grits by the use of local mallets or stones while others pound them
into mortar.

The grits are then toasted over fire in large pots till dark brown. This
is done to get maximum extraction of shea butter.

34


Professor Okonjo explained that Ghana's population-was increasing rapidly
and that by the year 2000 the population would have reached 20 million.

This, he pointed out, would put pressure on facilities like housing, health,
water and food.

On drought, Professor Okonjo made it clear that the weather is dependent
on the movement of inter-tropical convergent zones which dictate the amount
of rainfall in a season.

cso: 3400/1082

30


JPRS*SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

SOUTE AFRICA

CONDITIONS IN VIOLENCE TORN DUDUZA TOWNSHIP DESCRIBED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 31 Jul 85 p 2

[Text] Johannesburp-~Disorders have been raging everywhere
in the East Rand, however Duduza is the focal point of
bloody clashes every time. This is also the region where
a black mother, Maki Skosana, was burned alive. Neels

Blom went there to see how things are.

Duduza is terribly overpopulated and this residential region does not have
the infrastructure for providing the proper facilities needed by the
inhabitants. This is what a spokesman of the East Rand Development Council
told DIE VADERLAND.

“The problems in Duduza have their origin in the fact that the land
assigned for its development is too small. A skanty 370 hectares is avail-
able for development, but the estimated population is already much higher
than 35,000 people."

"In addition there is a waiting list of 800 people to whom housing units
must be assigned. The estimate is that about 8,000 people will have to be
housed. By 1987 more than 43,000 people will be living in Duduza." This
is what the spokesman said.

The necessary services in this black residential area near Nigel in the
remote East Rand are relatively poor. The basic water supply systems are
still the old-fashioned stand-pipe methods consisting of a spigot out in
the street for every 16 houses.

But according to the spokesman about half of the inhabitiants have had
water piped to within their premises on their own initiative.

Sewerage is practically non-existent. With some exceptions people are still
using night waste pans which are removed twice weekly.

The spokesman said that services are underdeveloped because the residential

area is not economically viable. "A town is not viable until at least
6,000 houses are built."

85



BRONG-AHAFO CHIEFS URGED TO SPEED DEVELOPMENT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by C.S. Buabeng]

[Text]

cso:

CHIEFS in Brong-
Ahafo must unite and
co-operate to quicken
the pace of development
in the region, Colonel
Alex Antwi (rtd), Regio-
nal Secretary observed
in Sunyani on Thurs-
day.

He told the Regional
House: of Chiefs: “Uniess
we are united and present a
consensus on all burning
issues to the outside world,
we will not be taken se-
riously or given the due
respect and attention that
are our natural rights. We
should strive at all times to

speak with one voice and :

take a concerted stand on
all problems facing-the re-
gion”,

Col. Antwi noted that as
the embodiment of the
country’s cultural herita-
ge, the chiefs should live
above reproach to enable
them to mobilise the peo-
ple for communal projects.

‘The Regional Secretary
expressed concern that the
region’s acclaimed com-
munal spirit is gradually
deserting the people be-
cause of disunity caused by
chieftaincy disputes
apathy and sometime:
downright disloyalty tc
the region.

He appealed to the tra-
ditional rulers to dispel all
feelings of self-pity and
emulate the heroic exam-
ples of their forebears and

3400/1082

39

get'on with the task of
building the region into a
prosperous one.

Col. Antwi advised all
those who are petitioning
for a change in the siting of
district councils head-
quarters in their commu-
nities that they need not
petition again but wait for
the decision of the Local
Government Ministry be-
cause every decision will be
taken in good faith.

He assured the chiefs
that he will co-operate
fully with them in the
search for peace, progress
and above all unity in the

ion.

Earlier in a welcome
address, Nana Effa Guak-
ro IV, Omanhene of Nko-
ranza Traditional Area,
president of the house, had
expressed concern about
the bad road network in
the region and other deve-
lopmental problems. He,
however, commended
the PNDC for starting
work on the Bechem-
Sunyani road and express-
ed the hope that attention
will be given to other bad.
roads in the region.

He said it was the view of
the house that the com-
mittee probing the
Ashanti-Brong-Ahafo
chieftaincy dispute would
come out with lasting so-
lutions which would not
affect the integrity and
unity of the region.

“JPRS=SSA=85-092
1 October 1985

GHANA


JPRS*SSA*854092
1 October 1985

~- INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ADDO ON DEVELOPMENT ROLE OF TNC'S, unere.

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Aug 85 p 1
{Article by Faustina Ashrifte]

[Text]

MR JS. Addo, Gover:” ‘ogy’ traiistér, mariage”

nor of the Bank of’ ini .

ment training and exper- tre for Monetary Studies
Ghana, has reminded tse, @ and exper |(ACMS) and the Econo-
African countries that Mr Addo was speaking mic Commission of Afri-
Transnational Corpo- at the closing session of ca (ECA), in co-
rations (TNCs) are not the 10-day international operation with the var-
philanthropic organi- conference on “Foreign - ious central banks of the
sations but commer- Investment and its im- {various African coun-
cial entities whose pact on African coun- tries, should accept the
prime motive is the, tries.” responsibility for train-
maximisation of pro-' He noted that foreign. ing as many Africans as
fit, ° . investment is an impor- possible.

And to be able to deri- tant resource factor ne- Mr B. W. K. Caiquo.
i maximum benefits cessary fora faster rate of Secretary for Trade,
rom their relationship growth and development- chaired the clossing ses-
with the TNCs, he has but he advised that in a sion.

expressed the readiness
of the United Nations.
Centre for Transnational

The seminar, jointly
. organised by the African
“Centre for Monetary

situation where there is a
net outflow of resources,

Corporations (UNCTC) hoe count pul not. Studies (ACMS) and the
to assist developing go in for it at otfort to ats Bank of Ghana, was at-

countries in their deal-: a's eff
frenwith theme tract foreign investors,

r Addo emphasised: therefore, the Governor
the need for each African said it was incumbent on
country to develop its them to work out an ap-
own expertise in this propriate framework
field, explaining that for which would rid their
a long time to come, economies of the wrong
African countries would signals and put them on

need foreign investments the paths of sustained
economic growth.

tended by 25 African
countries and specialised
agencies such as the
African Development
Bank (ADB), Interna-
tional Monetary Fund
(IMF), United Nations.
Centre for Transnational
Corporations (UNCTC)
and the United States

not only for developing ang the | :
i tHe, therefore, suggest: id for. Internationa
thelr natural resources, “ed that the African Ce Development (USAID).

CSO; 3400/1082



JPRS=SSA*85+092
1 October 1985

7: SOUTH AFRICA

ON ROLES OF UDF, INKATHA IN DURBAN CLASHES
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Aug 85 p 12
{Editorial: "Inkatha and UDF"]

[Text] The disturbances in Durban and vicinity where Indians were attacked

by black people did not simply bring to the fore a new, ethnic facet in the
current state of unrest, which has hitherto been chiefly marked by clashes
among Blacks. Along with what happened subsequently, they also cast a sharp
light on the activities of two extra-parliamentary movements, Inkatha and the
United Democratic Front [UDF]. The way each came through is highly indicative.

As appears from reports of the past few days, Inkatha, the mainly Zulu move-
ment led by Mangosotho Buthelezi, played a decisive role in restoring calm.
In this stabilizing role Inkatha also stretched out the hand of cooperation
to the Indians, the Natal minority group who were obliged to endure black
fury.

In contrast UDF, the amorphous. patchwork of something like 600 organizations,
showed no capacity at all for bringing black people and Indians together.

Some political observers believe with a good deal of justice that the Durban
disturbances were, indeed, a serious blow to the UDF's pretensions of being a
nationwide popular front.

With its protest politics the UDF has thus far chiefly succeeded in demonstra-
ting that it can make good use of slogans, but not that it has a coherent
political program that in any sense offers a solution for the country's
oppressive problems.

In addition the UDF continually runs the risk that its forms of protest
politics contribute to the state of unrest rather than allaying it--a charge
that Inkatha also made against the UDF after the Durban riots. In any case
the UDF was able to play no part of any importance in Durban in restoring
order and bringing peace; that was left almost entirely to Inkatha and its
security forces, which have recently been so harshly criticized by various UDF
supporters.

Inkatha emerges from the Durban disturbances with greater credibility and
legitimacy, and in the developing political situation in South Africa note
will have to be taken of that.

12906

cso: 3401/283 67



MASS MEDIA CONSIDERED ‘VITAL INSTRUMENTS OF CHANGE’

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by Tetteh Quaynor]

[Text]

cso:

THE mass media in a
revolutionary process
constitute vital i
mente of change; for
through them, the vast
majority of those who
are expected to change
are able to accept the
reasons, the methods
and the benefits. for
changing. .

It is, therefore, impor-
tant that media practi-
tioners evolve ways to im-
prove upon the flow of
communication between
the leadership and the
people, especially those in
the rural areas to encoura-
ge discussions. which will
Fesult in changes in nega-
tive attitudes and the
creation of a new aware-

ness.

‘Mr Kofi Totobi Quakyi,
Under-Secretary for Infor-
mation, made these pro-
nouncements in Accra last

3400/1082

Friday when he addressed
the closing session of a
four-week refresher course
themed, “Communication
for Rural Development,”
organised for media prac-
titioners and regional re-
presentatives of CDRs at
the Ghana Institute of
Journalism (GIJ).

‘The very existence of the
mass media in a fast-
changing society like Gha-
na, Mr Totobi Quakyi
stressed, is justifiable not
only by the extent to
which they respond to and
reflect the realities of the
times, but also the extent
to which the media and
media practitioners are
committed to issues t!
are most pertinent to na-
tional development.

Mr Quakyi pointed out
that in Ghana as in many
Third World countries,
where more than 70 per
cent of the population live

49

under rural conditions, the
issue of rural development
should necessarily assume
greater prominence than
ever before to vindicate
the claim to a commitment
to real social justice.

“While we in the deve-
loping world continue to
address the need for a New
International Economic
Order as a means of re-
dressing the inequalities
which exist between us and
the industrialised coun-
tries at international fora,
we must at the same time,
also remind ourselves
out the urgent need to
re-order our national eco-
nomic priorities towards
relieving the hardships of
the rural people who are
not only in the majority
but also the main produc-
ers of the wealth which
maintain our economies,”
the Under-Secretary de-
clared.

JPRS+SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA



“thé use of the results of a
number of research pro-
grammes on the produc-
tion, feeding, ecology and
genetics of tilapia.

‘The tilapia used in the
Philippines for production,
though originally from
Africa, bear little resem-
blance to our local type,
this is because they are
hybrids.

HYBRIDS AND
EXOTIC FISH

The main problem with
the tilapia commonly cul-
tivated in Ghana is ‘that
they breed rapidly and this
lends to overpopulation
and stunting. The use of
hybrids solves these pro-
blems. Just as in some
maize varieties, hybrids
roduce larger yields, grow
faster and do not reprodu-

ce. In fact.they can he
compared to broilers in the
poultry industry.

Before the establish-

ment of hatchery units for

the production of day-old

cso: 3400/1082

47

chicks, it was a routine
practice for these birds t«
Be imported--into the
country for sale and distri-
bution to poultry farme
‘There is no reason why this
cannot be done for fish
farmers. .

‘Species such as red tila-
pia, grass carp, common
tarp and milkfish must be
imported in much the same
way. Prawn culture must -
also not be neglected. Pilot
tests at Awutu with giant
freshwater prawns im-
ported from Sweden show-
ed very promising results.
These prawns are in much
demand on the world mar-
ket and are thus a poten-
tial source of hard cur-
rency.

If since the F.A.O.
symposium in 1975. Ivory
Coast produces three times
as much as Ghana, Nigeria
four times and Liberia
twenty-five times as much
from fish + farm-
ing, we must start some
action now.



LIVESTOCK BREEDING PROMOTION EFFORT DESCRIBED

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 28 Aug 85 p 4

[Article by K. Nimako~Amprako]

[Text]

LW estock rearing has
been described by
one farmer as the better
half of food farming.
Livestock rearing has
traditionally’ been an
activity across much of
Africa, typically in the
arid and semi-arid zones.

But in Ghana, our far-
mers have regarded
livestock rearing as a
separate activity from
the other forms of agri-
culture; particularly
among our southern far-
mers, though it is little
encouraged in the north.

Climatic and vegeta-
tional conditions in Gha-
na favour livestock pro-
duction if only serious
attempt can be taken
towards that direction.
However, livestock farm-
ing is not without the
usual constraints.

This is what the Food
and Agriculture Organi-
zation (FAQ) has to say:
‘In fact, fivestock pro-
duction in Africa suffers
from similar constraints
to those affecting culti-
vation: natural resources
are degraded through

53

over-use in areas with
high production densi-
ties, while vast regions
with great potential lie
untouched ‘because of
disease and the absence
of necessary infrastruc:
ture. And in some areas.
livestock production con
petes with crops for
scarce land resources
and must be developed
within the over-all agri-
cultural objectives.”

The need, therefore.
must be stressed of the
advantages of combining
animal husbandry with
other forms of agricul-
ture. Intensive livestock
rearing by ‘farmers who
are also cultivators often
increases crop  out-pul
as well.

INPUTS

The small-scale farmer
who goes into animal
husbandry may be abie
to use cash income ge-
nerated from the sale of
meat and other animal
products to buy the ne-
cessary inputs, such as
matchets, fertilizers,

spraying machines, wa-

JPRS+SSA+85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA


7 JPRS+SSA=85=092
7 1 October 1985

SOUTE AFRICA

DANGEROUS, BUT NOT HOPELESS ECONOMIC TIMES ENVISAGED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 2 Aug 85 p 8
{Editorial: "Dangerous, But not Invincible"]

[Text] This week's panicky fall in the value of the rand was due more to
nervousness than to actual economic events. Fear is a greater danger than
the enemy. We must learn this lesson very quickly because the sort of
rumors which the money dealers started this week are going to be with us
even more in the future.

However, this does not mean that we are going to be faced with a
stampede. We just have to get a hold on ourselves, because the political
and economic predictions point to turbulence.

Giving South Africans the impression that we are not seriously threatened
is an ostrich policy. However, we must not be so frightened as to lose
our perspective. The reaction with respect to the rand has shown how
costly this can be.

Fortunately we maintain a system of a floating rand. Were it not for that
Wednesday's and Tuesday's rush for dollars would have badly drained our
reserves. Now the fall of the rand has greatly absorbed the shock.

Although we ought not underestimate the U. S. disinvestment campaign, it
is not yet a foregone conclusion that the Senate and Congress will be
reaching an accord about the sanctions legislation. Even if they succeed
there is still doubt as to whether President Reagan will approve that.

Britain and some of the other European Community countries are reacting
strongly against sanctions, even though the pressure for sanctions is
increasing every day. Those sanctions which have been approved, as in the
case of France, have dull teeth.

We had a good agricultural year in South Africa and that is a plus for us.
Although we are short on optimism, the will to restore the economy is
growing.

This will is important. Our greatest enemies are fear and discouragement.

57



DCA TO GIVE KOTOKA AIRPORT FACE-LIFT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 p 5

[Article by Adwoa Van-Ess]

[Text]

THE Department
of Civil Aviation
(DCA) is to embark
on a number of
projects at the Ko-
toka International
Airport (KIA) to
raise it to accepted,
international stan-
dards and to ens-
ure the safety and
comfort of travell-
ers, Wing Com-
mander Daniel T.
Osabu-Kle, Direc-
tor of DCA, has an-,
nounced.

He said the projects in-
clude the introduction of
an airport transport sy-
stem to facilitate the mo-

verment of passengers at
port.

Wing Commander‘
Osabu-Kle said the old
Lisbon Hotel will also be
renovated to provide hotel
facilities to travellers and
stranded passengers.

Anew cargo terminal, he :

said, will also be cons-
uructed to ease the conge-
stion at the existing one
and minimise the high in-
cidence of pilfering there as

CSO: 3400/1082

*the Kumasi

well as the resurtacing of”

the runway.

The present cargo area
will also be reconstructed
into another arrival hall to
support the existing one,
The DCA director added
that part. of the old arrival
hall will also be renovated
$o cater for transit pas-
Sengers.

Wing | Commander
Osabu-Kle enumerated
these projects at the DCA.
monthly facilitation meet-
ing yesterday with all the
agencies and organisations
working at the airport and
said the rehabilitation of
rt is also,
included in the project.

‘The meeting, the first of
its kind since he came into
office in 1983, was aimed at
identifying problems fac-
ing the various agencies
and finding solutions t
‘them to ensure the provi

sion of good facilities at the

‘airport.
"Phe director said the

projects will be financed!

\from the department's own.

resources, through loan fi-"

nancing, government fi
nances and UNDP aszi.
stance and said the DCA
will therefore intensify its
revenue collection to raise

45

JPRS=SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

funds for the purpose.

A representative of
Ghana Airways complain-
ed about the numerous
checks during the depart-
ure of passengers and said
the security personnel in-
volved waste time and in
the end delay the flights.

The director, however,
explained that the checks
are mainly for security and
to prevent the smuggling
of Indian hemp and to
protect the image of the
airline which has been
soiled by rampant occur-
rence of such incidents.

The Customs represen-
tative also complained
about the influx of unaut-
horised persons at the arri-
val hall any time there is a
flight and said that such
practices hinder the sm-

. ooth checking of passeng-
ers’ luggage, leading to loss
of goods and evasion of
tages by some travellers.

‘The participants also
agreed that since the
number of staff at the Air-
port Police Station is high
enough.for them to go
round the airport, there
was no need for policemen

‘from other police stations
to come on duty at the

' airport.



And Then There Was the Oil Shock

If one adds to all these mistakes the two-fold shock~of oil price rises, which
in itself would have been enough to shake to its foundations such a small na-
tional economy on a narrow base and without any resources worth mentioning,
then Gambia's plight is not exactly surprising. What is noteworthy, however,
is the fact that, according to World Bank statements, Gambia in many respects
has pursued a correct economic policy, which makes the failure all the more
painful: Gambia always maintained an open and liberal system of trade and cap-
ital traffic; unlike other African countries, it avoided costly prestige pro-
jects, and even promoted agricultural production through sound prices and a
relatively efficient market organization.

Gambia is facing a difficult time of structural adjustment which might become
dangerous for President Jawaras and his Progressive People's Party. In the
capital of Banjul, where the urban elite consumes overmuch compared to the rest
of the country, a potential pool of unemployed, dissatisfied and agressive
young people is growing up. The pro-Western government is not endangered by
agitation and subversion from Libya, the Soviet Union and the East Bloc, to
which Banjul attributed the bloody attempted coup d'etat of July 1981. The
cause of distrubance is the mass of young people without a future whose only
hope is to find livelihood and happiness in Europe or the United States. Inter-
national development aid, which bears a fair share of the blame for the crisis,
cannot spare Gambia the painful, thorny road toward economic stability and
stimulating growth; at best, it can make it a little more bearable.

9917
CSO: 3420/87

17



fo

During the toasting care is taken not to burn the nuts as this will reduce
the oil content. Toasted grits are then sent to be milled at the grinding
mill into dark greasy paste that look like groundnut paste.

Having got the paste the women then organize themselves into groups under
the shades of trees or in their compounds where the process of extraction
commences.

Sizeable quantities are put into calabashes or bigger pans and are vigorously
stirred continuously. The process of stirring is continued while hot water
is added intermittently until a white paste crude oil is obtained. This
crude oil is conspicuously suspended above the by-product which is then
collected. The oil is then heated for several hours to get it refined.
Having thus obtained this oil, the oil is poured into sizeable containers
chosen by the women and are left to cool and cake. They are then ready for
use.

Shea butter oil is used commercially for the production of cosmetics and
medicines. °

For the important role sheanuts play on the international market, CMB, the
sole exporter of the nuts, is exploring possible avenues to boost the
industry. For this reason the research station and experimental farms at
Bole are experimenting for qualitative and quantitative increase of the
nuts. Added to this, depots are to be established very close to producing
areas.

The forest department has put up a sheanut plantation at Savelugu, a tow
24 kilometres from Tamale on the Tamel-Bolgantanga road.

This is to augment the individual farmers efforts in the production of
sheanuts on plantation basis.

When these plantations finally gain grounds in the region, the method of
wild picking of sheanut would have been a thing of history.

It is hoped that in contributing to the development of the region, agri-
cultural extension officers of the Ministry of Agriculture would marshall
all-efforts to give the budding farmers the required technical advice

in proper land preparation and agricultural practices for better yields
and also to prevent diseases that might thwart the efforts of the farmers.

The CMB and Nyankpala crop research station in Tamale will have to pool their
resources to the benefit of these farmers.

In this direction, the CDRs and the regional mobilization committee could
also put in motion plans to absorb idle labour into the industry, This
surely will stop the exodus of youth to the urban cities for non-existing
white collar jobs.

CSO: 3400/1082

35



But in the long run it can have no good results. It-makes imports extremely
expensive, and a great part of the country's industry.is geared to imports.
The drastic fluctuations make orderly business a nightmare.

It can easily happen that if you owe a million rands on an import order
today, the amount may rise to almost two million the next day. Moreover, it
is not good for a country's currency to be so recklessly manipulated by
capricious speculators.

This instability in the value of the rand is the result of the (present)
undertain political expectations of the future.

There is only one way out of such a dilema. The political formula with
respect to the Blacks must stipulated as quickly as possible.

12906
cso: 3401/280

66


New Local Administration Law Imminent
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)..

Government's Siting of Silos Commended
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)..cccccececccceccececes

Farmers Urged To Practice Mixed-Cropping
(Stephen Kofi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)....eeees

U.S. Constructive Engagement Policy Hit
(Yaw Ohene Boafo; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Aug 85)...+e-

NR Consultative Council Inaugurated
(Anthony Tawiah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)..eeeee

DCA To Give Kotoka Airport Face-Lift
(Adwoa Van-Ess; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Aug 85).....00-

Development of Fish Farming Urged
(Christopher Gordon; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Aug 85)...

Media Enrichment Program Needed, Official Claims
(Zenobia Ofori-Dankwa, Afusatu Sanda; PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC, 28 Aug 85).scececccccccccccscsccecccssssecscccecs

Mass Media Considered 'Vital Instruments of Change'
(Tetteh Quaynor; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)....e0.

Responsibility of Military Stressed
(Vie Odoi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Aug 85).seceveseceee

Hotel Workers Seek Negotiations Role
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 27 Aug 85).scececcscececceesceees

Abodakpi Defends Reorganization of Revolutionary Bodies
(Abigail Bonsu, Esther Heman-Ackah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,

24 Aug 85) .ccccccccccccccccccceccccccccccecccsceevececcecs

Livestock Breeding Promotion Effort Described
(K. Nimako-Amprako; GIIANAIAN TIMES, 28 Aug 85).esseeeseees

NIGERIA

Journal Praises OPEC's Oil Price Stabilization Role
(PANA, 6 Sep 85) .cccecccecccsacccrccsceccesccecescessesees

Briefs

Racist South African Policies
Luanda Nonaligned Meeting

-c-



The ethnic lack of balance in the SDRs and their dependence on and entrench-
ment in group-areas legislation; _-

The built-in imbalance in favor of white local management in which the
central business areas and industry are now located, subject to any later
legislations; White dominance being furthermore insured by the adminis—
trator's deciding role;

The fact that the system of black local government has failed and offers
no basis for area collaboration; indirectly elected district councils will
probably be unable to rescue them from this problematic situation;

The fact that those who need representation the most, namely the Blacks in
informal housing regions, will not be sufficiently covered;

The centralizing effect that the councils will have with respect to local
administrations;

The shaky and controversial financial conditions;

The fact that the second level government is directly responsible to the
state president and will have to answer to the local electorate only to a
small extent; and: The complexity with respect to jurisdiction caused by
the fact that, for "their own affairs," the local administrations will not
be responsible to the SDRs but to district offices.

It would appear that the government's constitutional proposals for a two-
level government will be put into effect shortly and in so doing the
political process will be broadened. However, many of the shortcomings
of the constitution are being traced to the central government following
the new two-level government. .

In some of the ways these have been imposed, they have a racial-ethnic
basis and insure the maintenance of the dominant group's authority and
control. These factors are, in the long run, endangering their credibility
and effectiveness.

7964
cso: 3401/278



_ JPRS+SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR POINTS OUT GOVERNMENT'S CONSTITUTIONAL ERRORS
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 5 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by Prof L. J. Boulle of the University of Natal: "New Constitution
Remains a Source of Grievances" (Synopsis of an article in the SULD-AFRIKA-
STIGTINSNUUS; SOUTH AFRICA FOUNDATION NEWS, July 1985)]

[Text] As with the present tricameral Parliament the new provincial
authorities and the District Services Councils (SDR [Streekdienstrade]) will
probably also be unable to eliminate the controversies for the very purpose
of which they were set up.

The first session of South Africa's tricameral Parliament was held during
a period of intense turbulence. Taking this into consideration it would
appear that this dispensation has been working smoothly and efficiently.

But under the surface things have been less impressive and it is significant
that the new constitution has remained a focal point of irritation and
opposition among people within and outside the system.

The First Republic's negligence of racial security and legacy of censure
legislations remain practically unaltered.

Notwithstanding the problems the government gave a great deal of power to
the district elements of its constitutional plans.

The Provincial Executive Committees are being preserved only in name and
from now on they will be appointed entirely by the government. They will
probably enjoy a measure of independence. The hope of diminishing govern-
ment power now rests on the District Services Councils.

The third level of government will then.consist of separate local manage-
ment for Whites, Blacks and Coloreds.

The SDRs will be fit in between the second and third levels.

As the aspect of the government's constitutional strategy is put into
practice the following factors will probably create controversies:

68


Make it so that every 18-year-old young man gets intensive training for

€ months, but also pay him a decent wage. After that-give him a 3 week
refresher course every year for 5 years and force his employer to pay him.
After that he must. be put on the reserve list.

I am sure that the burden will be much lighter on everybody if these
obligations are divided equally.

Our government can just quietly recall our men from the South-West [Namibia].

Let them defend their own country. I think the Southwesterners have ridden
on our backs long enough.

7964
csO: 3401/278

71



IPRS+SSA+85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

CDR NEWSPAPER TO BEGIN PUBLICATION
AB110027 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 10 Sep 85

[Text] A CDR [Committee for the Defense of the Revolution] newspaper,
the CDR EAGLE, has been launched. The paper will strive to project
nothing but the truth, and guard against any unjustified attacks on
the gains made by the current transformation process. The EAGLE,
which will be out fortnightly, is open to contributions from all CDR's,
from people who stand for truth and the nation's advancement.

In an address, a member of the PNDC [Provisional National Defense
Council] Mr Ebow Tawiah, said a newspaper is useless if the people

for whom it is meant cannot read and write. The CDR's, he said,
therefore have the task to work towards the promotion of literacy

among the people. Adult education and mass literacy campaigns should
form a very important part of the CDR program, to make it possible

for Ghanaians to maximize the benefits of the ongoing process. The
EAGLE, Mr Tawiah said, should reflect the aspirations of workers,
farmers, and fishermen in Ghana, and should not be allowed to degenerate
in time into a middle class newspaper.

The PNDC member noted that there is a high rate of illiteracy among
workers and farmers, and therefore suggested that the paper should be
published in clear, simple language.

In a speech read for her, the acting political counselor of CDR's,

Mrs Doris Ocansey, said cadres should use the newspaper as a platform
for discussions. The acting director of the Castle Information Bureau,
Mrs Valery Sackey, who was chairman for occasion, said the newspaper
is expected to reach members in the remote parts of the country with
news which would stimulate them to constructive action. She said

the paper should act as a line of communication among various CDR's,
to give them a greater sense of solidarity.

cso: 3400/1096

28


JPRS=SSA*85=092
1 October 1985

DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS

AGREEMENTS WITH FRANCE--The governments of Djibouti and France today signed two
agreements totaling 33 million Djibouti francs. Under the agreements, France
will undertake the training of seven Djibouti nationals in harbour management
services and ship piloting. The agreements also cover the training of civil
servants and the setting up of an investment fund for the Ministry of Public
Works, Urban Affairs, and Housing. The Djibouti minister of foreign affairs
and cooperation signed for his government while the French ambassador to
Djibouti signed the agreements on behalf of his government. [Text] [Djibouti
Domestic Service in Somali 1645 GMT 5 Sep 85 LD]

CSO: 3400/1077

14


7 JPRS=SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

RADIO LAUDS ZIMBABWEAN MILITARY AID TO MOZAMBIQUE
AB092122. Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 9 Sep 85
[David Anaglatey commentary]

[Text] The good news from southern Africa is that a combined force
of Zimbabwean and Mozambican troops have captured the headquarters

of the rebel Mozambique National Resistance, Renamo, at the foothills
of the Gorongosa mountain in Sofala Province and, according to the
MOZAMBIQUE NEWS AGENCY, the combined forces have proceeded to launch
a new offensive against these rebels elsewhere in the province.

These developments follow reports of the involvement of Zambabwean
troops in the campaign to check the activities of the rebels which
are financed and supported in large measure by apartheid South Africa
as part of its policy of creating puppet or pliable constellation of
states on its borders. Suppoet for the rebels also comes from the
former Portuguese settler community in Mozambique. Indeed, though
black Mozambican traitors have been found to pull the trigger against
their own people, rebel commanders are known to have come exclusively
from among the ranks of the Portuguese secret service, PIBE.

Initially, the Zambabwean troops moved in to protect rail and pipelines
by which it received its vital fuel supplies from the port of Beira

in Mozambique, but the recent reports about its operation show that

it has shed its purely defensive role and has gone into the offensive.
This developmemt should be encouraged in Africa, as it shows what part
independent African countries should play in the confrontation with
South Africa. It is not enough for African countries to pass mere
resolutions at various international fora condemning the atrocities
being committed against the Frontline States by the agents of South
Africa.

Africa is still far from setting up the African Defense Force which

could have moved in to help the embattled armies of Mozambique,
Botswana, and Angola. There are many African countries which are in

20


The threatening collapse did not appear on Gambia's horizon all of a sudden.
For months, Gambia has been living from hand to mouth, so to say, filling the
worst gaps with international help and the support of friendly nations. Niger-
ia, for instance, tacitly delivers oil at a preferential price which Gambia
resells for a profit on the spot market. According to a U. S. diplomat, an
international aid action seems to be forming only now because Gambia has the
bad luck of being so unimportant politically, strategically and economically
that the world, and especially international banks, will not hold their breath
if Gambia should become insolvent and would have to declare national bankruptcy.
Gambia also does not have a "patron" like its neighbor, Senegal, for whom
France's open credit line evens the balance of payments at any time and guaran-
tees foreign (trade) stability. Gambia's former colonial power, England, which
is still in first place among donor countries, closely followed by Germany and
the United States, shows little interest in sustaining Gambia.

However, it was not a lack of money that caused the Gambian crisis. If any-
thing, too much money flowed into Gambia through international development aid.
During the 10 years until 1982, Gambia, with $88 per capita annually, received
nearly 50 percent more than Senegal, and almost four times as much as other
African states. During the worst drought years of 1980-1981, aid even rose to
$140 per capita and at that time was equivalent to almost 40 percent of the
gross national product. Hardly any other country in Africa or Asia was equally
pampered by international development aid. But all that money was no blessing
for Gambia. Furthermore, lack of coordination between the international donors
also contributed to unproductive and thoughtless use of the funds. Consulting
fees, which normally should not be more than 10 percent of project costs, de-
vour 60 percent of project costs in Gambia because of sluggish administration
and a lack of skilled workers.

Poor but Healthy in 1975

Development experts admit today that after independence, the government and in-
ternational donors had tried to push development of the small country in a
hasty and shortsighted fashion. The accumulation of foreign debts and increas-
ing payment arrears, which last year led also to the failure of the second
standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund, demonstrate how Gambia's
physical, economic and technical inability to absorb the flood of projects was
ignored. Also, the unwillingness of donors to assume follow-up and local costs
did double damage to Gambia which, before elaborating the first 5-year plan in
1975, had been poor but financially healthy: for one, Gambia lacked the funds
for maintaining finished projects, and therefore they were soon falling into
disrepair; for another, the donors, instead of taking care of maintenance of

old projects, pushed ever more new infrastructural projects on Gambia, complete-
ly overstraining the country's tight financial situation.

In addition, nobody warned Gambia in time that the creation of public jobs and
public credit expansion at the expense of private industry are not synonymous
with productive, job-creating investments, but that the bureaucratic balloon
only brings about overconsumption, structural deficits and stagnation. Between
1976 and 1980 alone, the number of Gambian civil servants doubled, while the
ratio of public spending rose from 15 to 41 percent of the GNP.

16



JPRS+SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

ADVANCED WEATHER WARNING SYSTEM ESTABLISHED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Aug 85 p 1
[Article by Iddrisu Seini’and George Atubiga]

[Text] The Ministry of Agriculture has set up an early warning system in
the country to help farmers to know, at least two weeks in advance, the
weather position with regards to cropping.

Experts from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) are already in
the country to train Ghanaian personnel to man the system.

Mr Ibrahim Adam, Under Secretary for Agriculture in charge of crops, who
disclosed this at the fourth annual conference and workshop of the Agricul-
tural Science Teachers Association of Ghana (ASTAG) currently going on at
Bolgatanga, said the Meteorological Services Department cannot feed farmers
with accurate data on the weather because of its obsolete machines.

Mr Adam also revealed that the ministry has installed Motorola systems in
all the regions to help facilitate communications and co-ordination among
the regions.

He said the ministry would soon come out with new prices for maize and rice
to motivate farmers to increase production.

On the national agricultural policy, Mr Adam explained that an extensive
agricultural survey has identified both low and high potential areas in
the country.

As a result, agriculture inputs will now be distributed according to the
low and high potential areas.

Professor C. Okonjo, Director of the Regional Institute of Population
Studies, Legon, who spoke on "Mobilising Human Resources for National
Development" identified Ghana's problem as demography, drought and deserti-
fication, dependency and disequilibrium. Others are destabilisation,
disease, debts, direction and doubts.

29



OFFICIAL DISCUSSES UNEMPLOYMENT SITUATION

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Aug 85 p 3

[Erticle by Peter Maphangele/

Lrext]

GABORONE: Botswana,
though rapidly progressing,
has a serious unemployment
problem which threatens to
get worse, said Senior
Planning Officer in the
Ministry of Finance and
Development Planning, Mr
Jay S. Saikin.

Mr Salkin was addressing

researchers from all districts
in the country at Gaborone

Sun today, on the problems
of unemployment and
employment creation.

He said: “Job creation in
the formal sector has been
very rapid since
independence, averaging
about a 10% per annum.” He
stated that a rate of growth of
citizen employment of this
percentage per annum would
amount to 150 000 additional
formal sector jobs inadecade
when the working age
population would increase by
about 200 000.

Current forecasts indicate
that over the National
Development Plan VI formal
sector employment growth
rate will slow down to 5.6%
per annum, he added.

CSO: 3400/1110

The Senior Planning Officer
further said that by 1991 the
growth of the working age
population would be about
24 000 persons per annum.

According to Mr Salkin,
the Governmentis still trying
to create more employment
opportunities by expanding
its workforce and expenditure
Programmes by which it
purchases goods and services
that need workers to produce
them.

Government provides
incentives, resources and
extension services to
Producers in order to fight
unemployment. He said that
it has established councils,
advisory bodies, committees,
and commissions through
which appropriate changes
in the Government's
strategies to create more jobs
can be channelled.

Mr Salkin said that more
research on how to close the
lap between the number of
non-working people and the
availability of jobs was being
carried out.

1

JIPRS=SSA=+35=092
- 1 October 1985

BOTSWANA

Another speaker who
presented a paper on
“Economic Research,”
concerned with producing
goods here than comparing
ourselves with already
developed countries like
South Africa.

He added that domestic

“production would create

more jobs for Batswana and
market for consumer
countries. In this way we can
be able to rely more on our
products, he stated.

Mr Tsikata further said that
as long as South African
imports increase drastically,
there is room for Pula to
appreciate in order to reduce
inflation on our side.

Financial Assistance Policy
(FAP) is designed to relax
financial constraints and also
it enables people through
loans, to compete with goods
from outside the country by
manufacturing industries, he
said.

He stated that a lot of
research on inflation in rural
areas was needed for
expansion of facilities in those
areas.



These words naturally sound bad to inward-looking Afrikaners: those who seek
to protect their identity and monopoly of power with laws and weapons, who
avoid contact with other cultures, who put sovereignty first in a racial mix
where that must lead to conflict.

They proclaim loudly that they will fight for their right to rule (alone).
The quick-draw attitude is a cowardly one. Rather it takes courage to become
an Afrika~ner: to identify with the continent and its people.

To carry a metaphor of Minister Pik Botha's further: we will have to do more
than merely to remove "Whites Only" signs from our mine cages.. We will have
to ride up to the surface together, get out and share the offices. It works
in South West.

12906
cso: 3401/281

83



JPRS*SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

SOUTE AFRICA

LETTER URGES CHANGES IN MANDATORY MILITARY TRAINING
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 2 Aug 85 p 11

[Text] Concerned Parent in Benoni--I would like to touch on a matter which
affects most Whites in this country. This has to do with mandatory
military training of our sons and young men, Thousands have now been called
up again.

For me and all reasonable people this is one of the most discriminating
laws on the book.

Why is it that a small minority, our white youth, has to defend the whole
country and do so for small pay and often far away from their loved ones?

With the new dispensation everybody is demanding better living conditions.
I believe in live and let live, but then justifiably so.

Our young men are giving 2 years of their lives (and sometimes their very
lives) something they can never retrieve. Then too they are at a disad-
vantage, because they cannot start building for their future in good time.

I believe that all these factors are hindering the growth of our white
population. We must remember that today's youths are going to be tomorrow's
leaders and builders of our future.

I plead with the state president, Mr P. W. Botha, to urgently look into
this injustice and to correct it. On various occasions he has already
said that he is willing to offer a better way of living to everybody in
the country who wants to. cooperate.

I think there would be much less bitterness among the Whites if matters
were redressed.

I am not advocating the abolishment of military training. It is important
to have a strong army.

I want to make several proposals and I am inviting everybody interested in
this matter to voice an opinion in this space.


JPRS+SSA+85+092
1 October 1985

— NIGERIA

JOURNAL PRAISES OPEC'S OIL PRICE STABILIZATION ROLE
AB061704 Dakar PANA in English 1650 GMT 6 Sep 85

{Text] Lagos, 6 Sep (OPECNA/PANA)--OPEC's continuing role in
stabilizing the international oil market has been praised by the
NIGERIAN PETROLEUM NEWS publication.

In a front-page comment marking OPEC's 25th anniversary this month,
the journal said the organization "continues to contribute to such
stability as remains in a generally unstable market."

The editorial cites OPEC's sacrifices for the benefit of other
developing countries as a "shining example of multinateral and
South-South cooperation" and urges the organization to consolidate
the gains made in the last 25 years, re-examine its structure and
streamline the work of its agencies,

It also calls on OPEC to remove causes of internal tension and
adhere strictly to collective decisions on production and prices.

The journal says OPEC must continue to assist non-oil developing
countries and enlarge areas of cooperation with oil companies and
industrialized states. "Although currently, OPEC accounts for about
30 percent of world oil production while holding more than 65 percent
of its proven reserves, in the end the world cannot do without OPEC"
it adds.

The journal is edited by Chief Meshach Feyide, a former OPEC
secretary general.

cso: 3400/1094

55



system is to be improved. In-the third instance, GKW Consult is involved in
consulting for the water supply project being undertaken for the city of Zinder,
for which the capital expenditure was estimated to be”DM 36,750,000. GKW
Consult is active in two projects in Burundi, for which German capital assistance
has likewise been provided. This project involves water supply to the capital

of Bujumbura as well as to the city of Gitega.

The Rhein-Ruhr Ingenieur-Gesellschaft mbH (RRI), Dortmund, obtained new contracts
in three West African countries. In Gambia and Guinea, it assumed in each case
responsibility for construction supervision over a rural water supply project.

In addition, it was entrusted with construction supervision in Guinea for hydro-
logical testing. RRI was also called upon to become involved in rural water
supply in Mauritania.

Dorsch Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Munich, was awarded new consulting
contracts in Guinea, Cameroon, and Rwanda. In Guinea it was entrusted with
joint preparation of a feasibility study together with Lahmeyer International
GmgH, Frankfurt, regarding water supply to the city of Beyla. The Federal
Republic of Germany made a sum of DM 7 million available for this project. As
a consortium partner in Rwanda, Dorsch Consult accepted consulting duties per-
taining to the supply of water and electric power to rural areas, and as a
consortium partner in Cameroon, it likewise assumed responsibility for prepar-
ing a study of the Kadey hydroelectric power plant.

Lahmeyer International GmbH, already mentioned above, has also become involved
in Burkina Faso and Rwanda. It received a contract in Burkina Faso for supply-
ing water to the capital city of Ouagadougou. In Rwanda, Lahmeyer International
GmbH was included in the Mutara rural water supply project.

The firm of WPW Consulting Engineers, Saarbruecken, landed contracts in Burkina
Faso, in the Cape Verde islands, and in Niger. In Burkina Faso it assumed
consulting duties for the waste water treatment facility at the Faso-Fani Tex-
tile Works. It was entrusted with construction management in the Cape Verde
islands for a project aimed at supplying water to the city of Praia, and in the
Republic of Niger it accepted consulting tasks pertaining to rural water supply
in the Agadez and Tahoua areas.

Hydroplan GmbH, Herdecke/Ruhr, was called upon in the People's Republic of the
Congo as a consortium partner in promoting water supply to villages in the
Plateaux and Niari regions. In addition, competitive bidding was recently held
in the People's Republic of the Congo for supplying drinking water in Etoumbi,
which is being financed with German capital assistance. Hydroplan GmbH was
also given consideration in this project. In the Republic of Chad, Hydroplan
GmbH assumed the task of compiling a study for man-made irrigation of a crop
area. In that country it was also entrusted with consulting duties pertaining
to the supply of water from wells.

Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf, has been included in a project in Gambia for
supplying water to rural areas, for which German capital assistance has been
earmarked. This project involves constructing about 30 pit wells and equip-
ping them with manual pumps. In Senegal, rural water supply in the north-
western part of the country is being improved with aid from the Federal



When Mr Seth Kugblenu, acting Managing Director was contacted, he said that
it is illegal for crew members to take over a vessel if even they have a
case against the owners of the vessel, reports George Adomolga.

He said such action would lead the State Shipping Corporation into serious
financial difficulties because operations of the vessel would be at a
standstill.

Mr Kugblenu who was answering questions from the "Graphic" as to why the
corporation recalled one of its vessels, "M.V. Klotey Lagoon" without

any cargo, he explained that the crew of the vessel went on strike and
refused to lift the cargo hatches to allow the discharge of cocoa products
unless their entitlements were paid. After their demands were partially
met, the crew allowed the off loading of the cargo but because of their
strike action, owners of cargo felt reluctant to patronise the use of the
vessel.

Mr Kugblenu said after consultation with management it was agreed that it
was not going to profit the corporation if the vessel was kept waiting
for about a month without any cargo. He said it cost the corporation
4,000 dollars each day as port charges for vessels docked at overseas
ports.

Mr Kugblenu explained that crew wages accumulate because payment is made
in dollars and this is always made sometime after the cargo has been
discharged.

Cso: 3400/1082

26


JPRS*SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

SOUTE AFRICA

COMMENTATOR. TEINKS NEW SYSTEM FOR WHITES, BLACKS POSSIBLE
Johannesburg DIE VADFRLAND in Afrikaans 29 Jul 85 p 8
[Article by J. S. Liebenberg: "A Dramatic New Beginning Is Now Necessary]

[Text] How many Whites in the little Eastern Cape town of Adelaide know
of Normakazi Kondile? How many of them in Somerset Fast know of Mzakisi
Danzawa? Not to speak of Mongla Mkwanazi in Johannesburg, or of Niamerd
Nkata in Port Elizabeth. Just like most of us who did not know of Steve
Biko.

Yet these people are not unknowns. On the contrary they are focal
characters and even heroes in their own communities; however, these are
merely a few names out of the 1,166 people who are being detained by the
police ever since the proclamation of the state of emergency.

Last week, in a television program, three respected white professors were
calmly discussing the merits and implications of the unitary, federal and
confederal options for South Africa.

In another program a black bishop said that he thinks that atrocious murders
will continue to be perpetrated if he and Bishop Desmond Tutu turn their
backs. I cannot help wondering how the first television discussion would
have gone if the black bishops in question had been present.

The Cabinet Committee has already been working for a year, but none of our
ordinary white and black people know with whom they talk. Chief Minister
Mangosuthu Buthelezi says that they are certainly not talking with him. He
and the state president met only once during the past 4 years.

The moderate White thinking is that the state of emergency is necessary
and a precondition for additional negotiations and reforms. Chief
Minister Buthelezi, the most moderate of the Black leaders, stated: "To
restore law and order so that the government can go on doing those things
which have caused lawlessness and disorder, is nonsense."

Thus we go on living along with each other, even in confusion, but isolated
from understanding.

62


Pertaps Bishop Tutu would find a more sympathetic audience in the govern-
ment if he were not so arrogantly creating the impression that he would
rather demand than negotiate and if in his approach he would show more of
the humility to which his garments bind him.

Chief Minister Buthelezi asks for a declaration of intention by President
Botha. But the answer is "no", as this would hinder an open discussicn.

But is this really so unacceptable? Especially if one considers that the
chief minister's draft statement and the government's statements, mostly
from the president himself, surpass and feed-back with each other? And is
the government's argument valid if the black leaders are merely asking for
this?

_ Perhaps the government will have to choose the black leaders with whom it
wants to talk; however, in the light of internal and foreign circumstances,
I cannot see how this talk can be postponed any further.

A topsy-turvy change is naturally out of the question, But it is clear
that the black man is not willing to go for adaptations and concessions.
He is looking for a newly created system to be worked out by moderates
along with the white leaders around the conference table. A declaration of
intention must bind the negotiators to this.

This requires an entirely new approach, away from the National Party's
philosophy of "logical emanation of policy" which, in any case, no longer
stands up.

What must be said now is: Now we, Blacks and Whites together, are going
to work out an entirely new system which will be acceptable to all; then
we must proceed to do this. .

This ought to greatly neutralize the attacks from abroad and the attempts

at revolution at home, because then moderate Blacks and Whites will be as
one against revolution and attacks from abroad.

7964
cso: 3401/194

64


JPRS*SSA+85+092
1 October 1985

_- SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL UNREST AFFECTS STABILITY OF CURRENCY
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 15 Aug 85 p 14
(Editorial: "Our Currency"]

[Text] How the black unrest and political developments related to it have
fixed the world's attention on us is once again emphasized this week by the
fluctuations in the value of our currency.

It is as though political developments here have now become a sort of signpost
for the world's currency speculators.

Because scarcely was there a revision in the dollar value of the South
African currency--as a result of optimism about the announcements of the state
president--than Minister Gerrit Viljoen's warning against misplaced expecta-
tions caused it to tumble.

Which is simply another indication that we have become the focus of world
interest. And still more: that political developments here cannot be
separated from the country's economy.

Political stability has always been a precondition for healthy economic
progress.

Now it is even more the case. Indeed, the rand's dollar value will also show
the effect after President Botha has spoken tonight in Durban about reform
measures with respect to Blacks. Not that such fluctuations in the value of
the country's money indicate the true state of affairs. Notwithstanding high
inflation and delayed recovery, the South African economy is still basically
sound at the core.

For that reason far and away the majority of the world's financial experts
will acknowledge that the rand's present dollar value is totally out of
relations [to its real value].

A temporary advantage of the lower dollar value is that South African exports
earn so much more. The mines in particular are deriving great benefit from it.

65



JPRS=SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

COMMENTARY NOTES NEED TO SAVE FOUNDERING SSC
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] One state corporation whose ineffective operations have persistently
necessitated that it falls on the central government for money to pay its
workers and meet other commitments is the State Shipping Corporation (SSC),
formerly Black Star Line (BSL). All efforts by government to straighten

up the affairs of this only national shipping corporation have apparently
seen little success as the bottlenecks which render its operations ineffec-
tive continue to show their ugly heads. The major bottleneck, in our view,
is indiscipline among its staff.

On our front page today is a report about how an SSC vessel "MV Klotey
Lagoon" was ordered to call back empty at the Tema Harbour from Amsterdam
even though it was supposed to load cargo on its return voyage. The obvious
thing is that the SSC has in urred losses and this further worsens its
unhealthy financial position.

Whatever grievances the crew members had, they had no right to take over
the vessel and refuse to lift the cargo hatches to allow the discharge of
cocoa products until their entitlements were paid. This uncompromising
stand which the crew members took, we are informed, led to a loss of confi-
dence in the SSC by owners of cargo who felt reluctant to patronise the
vessel.

This ugly situation held the vessel up at a cost of 4,000 dollars a day
in port charges.

We cannot understand why the crew members who are all Ghanaians decided
on this line of action when they know it was going to cost the SSC money,
the very thing they were asking for. If workers need money from their
employers and they embark on industrial actions that bring losses to their
employers, how can those monies be paid?

We are also informed that the crew: members are yet to have any regrets as

they are still holding the vessel to ransom,as it were, at the Tema Port,
thereby incurring more losses for the corporation.

23



JPRS*SSA*85=092
1 October 1985

‘SOUTH AFRICA

FRG FIRMS FILL GAPS LEFT BY WEAKENED U.S. INVESTMENT
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU in German 3 Aug 85 p 5

[Article by Roland Bunzenthal: "Growing Pressure on Pretoria--German Firms
Fill the Gaps." U.S. Investors Pulling Back/ South Africa's Economy Sliding/
Call for Sanctions Increasingly Louder/ Managers React Nervously]

[Text] South Africa's white minority is trying to save its
apartheid policy, and its rule over the black majority,
with massive use of the military and by declaring a state
of emergency. The suppression by force of growing black
resistance is growing day by day. Meanwhile, politicians
in Washington and Helsinki are discussing possible
sanctions. Congress in the meantime is agreed on a
boycott of bank loans and important export goods, but has
postponed a final decision. In Europe, Great Britain

and the FRG are blocking such resolutions, after France
has just imposed an investment freeze already practiced
by Sweden since 1979. But the discussion alone is enough
to greatly increase capital flight from South Africa, as
can be seen by the daily currency decline of the Rand.
The question of what economic effects will result in the
end from economic sanctions is still being debated by
experts. Political signals from abroad seem important.

The Siemens enterprise acted quickly and logically: when in mid-July the
workers in five of the firm's South African factories went on strike for
higher hourly wages, the company fired 2,000 of them on the spot. Although
most of them were rehired at the end of the strike, 95 black trade unionists,
accused by the company management of having organized the strike, remained
outside the gates. Such events only feed the bitterness of the black
population. The number of trade union members has been growing rapidly,
particularly since the government has declared a state of emergency and since
police and the military proceed so brutally that there have been more than
500 dead this year alone. The managers of foreign enterprises react to this
with increasing "nervousness." In addition, there is the fierce international
discussion on economic sanctions. It is hitting South Africa at a time when
the country is suffering the worst recession since the world economic crisis.

The already bad wages and working conditions are worsened additionally by the
economic decline.

75



Nation's Trade With Norway Declines _.
(Roar Ostgardsjelten; AFTENPOSTEN, 24 Aug 85).ecceccceeeee

Briefs
Refugees in Kruger Park
Jaycees Admit First Blacks

89

91
o1


SOUTH AFRICA

Dangerous, But Not Hopeless Economic Times Envisaged
(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 2 Aug 85).sscssesesedeeees

Moderate Black Leaders With Whom To Negotiate Being Sought
(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 15 Aug 85)..ssccccececesseveces

Commentator Thinks New System for Whites, Blacks Possible
(J.S. Liebenberg; DIE VADERLAND, 29 Jul 85)..esesesseceeee

Political Unrest Affects Stability of Currency
(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 15 Aug 85)ecececsecscsececcece

On Roles of UDF, Inkatha in Durban Clashes
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 14 Aug 85)scscscecececcscvecsecece

Professor Points Out Government's Constitutional Errors
(L.J. Boulle; DIE VADERLAND, 5 Aug 85)ssccescscsscecceces

Letter Urges Changes in Mandatory Military Training
(DIE VADERLAND, 2 Aug 85).

HNP Refuses To Participate in Multiracial Government
(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85)secesecccccccccccccccccvcccccces

RP Leader Refuses To Merge With NP
(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85)sscsceccccccccccccsccvcerecceecs

FRG Firms Fill Gaps Left by Weakened U.S. Investment
(Roland Bunzenthal; FRANKFURTER RUNDSCIIAU, 3 Aug 85).s.ee.

Greater Contact Between Black, White Youth Urged
(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 15 Aug 85)..cscecesecsecccceeee

Motive for Threatened Mineworkers Strike Discussed
(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 7 Aug 85)...eees

Letter Compares Race Relations in South Africa, Namibia
(J.C. Claassen; BEELD, 10 Aug 85).cccccesccccccncsecsceces

UNITA Spokesman Discusses Angolan Politics, Soviet Threat
(DIE VADERLAND, 17 Jul 85)scceccccsscccccccccccccscecccece

Conditions in Violence Torn Duduza Township Described
(DIE VADERLAND, 31 Jul 85) .ceccccccccccecccccesccscccecces

Natal, Kwazulu Agree on Joint Rule for Whole Province
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, BEELD, 16 Aug 85).seseceseseseseee

Support from Cape
From Transvaal

57

59

62

65

67

68

72

74

75

80

81

82

84

85

87

87
88


P38 MILLION USED ON RURAL ROADS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 13 Aug 85 pl

Giexs]

LETLHAKENG: About P23
million has been spent on
the Rural Roads programme
and a further P15 million
would be spent up to 1987 to
finance the implementation
of the Tsau-Gomare,
Sefhophe-Bobonong and
Ramokgwebana-Kalakamati
roads, residents here were
told at the weekend.

Officially opening the 65
km Molepolole-Letihakeng
tarred road, the vice President
and Minister of Finance and
Development Planning, Mr
Peter Mmusi, informed people
that govenrment attached
great importance to the rural
roads programme as a tool
to help accelerate
development in the rural
areas.

He said that government
intended to continue with the
Rural Roads Programme
beyond 1987. He expressed
hope that donor agencies
would continue to assist the
government to carry out rural
roads construction.

CSO: 3400/1110

12

Mr Mmusi said that any
assistance from donor
agencies would be very much
welcome and warmly
embraced by the government
and the people of Botswana.

He thanked NORAD and
the African Development
Bank (ADB) for having helped
finance many projects in
Botswana including the
improvement of roads.

Mr Mmusi appealed to the
villagers and cattle owners in
the area to desist from the
practice of leaving cattle to
roam the roads unattended.

“Unattended cattle have
been one of the major causes
of fatal road accidents in the
country,” said Mr Mmusi.

Turning to the road itself,
Mr Mmusi stated that without
proper maintenance and care
“this very important and
expensive national
investment could disappear
within two or three years.”

JPRS=SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

BOTSWANA


cities. As member of a consortium in the Ivory Coast, Gauff Ingenieure was
involved in the inspection of 217 water treatment plants. In addition, it

was given responsibility in that country for preparing a study of water supply
to 18 cities.

In Gabon, Gauff Ingenieure assumed consulting duties for drainage of the rail-
way yards in the port city of Owendo. In Nigeria Gauff Ingenieure became in-
volved in an important dam project that pertains to the supply of drinking
water to the new port city of Abuja. The storage capacity of the Lower Usuma
Dam, in whose financing the French government participated in March, 1985, with
a loan equivalent to about DM 150 million, amounts to approximately 105 million
cubic meters. It is capable of supplying Abuja with 1,700 liters of purified
water per second.

Dr -Ing. Walter GmbH & Co. KG International (Diwi), of Essen, has recently be~
come involved in Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta), Mali, Senegal, and
Burundi. In Burkina Faso it was entrusted with consulting duties for the
construction of 340 wells. This project is being financed by the Islamic
Development Bank, Jidda (Saudi Arabia). In Mali, Diwi obtained the consulting
contract for construction of 580 wells in the regions of Kita, Bafoulabe, and
Kenieba, which is being financed by the World Bank. It was called upon for
determining the location of 49 wells in Senegal. Financing of that project is
being handled by the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFAED). Diwi
was included in the Rwegura Dam Project in Burundi. The contract for building
this dam went to Strabag Bau-AG, Cologne.

IGIP GmbH, Darmstadt, was included in two water supply projects in the People's
Republic of Benin. The first of them involves water supply in 13 district
centers in southern and central Benin. This project is being financed with aid
from the Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW), Frankfurt. The second project
involves emergency measures for supplying water to the capital of Cotonou, for
which purpose World Bank funds were made available. The project sponsor in
each case is the Societe Beninoise d'Electricite et d'Eau (SBEE), Cotonou.

IGIP GmbH assumed consulting duties in Togo for the Tchamba water supply
project, for which German capital assistance has been earmarked. The Federal
Republic granted a loan of DM 19.1 million in January, 1985, for partial
financing of a water supply project in Zaire, in which IGIP GmbH is active as

a consultant. The project involves the original installation of water supply
facilities in the cities of Mwene-Ditu, Gandajika, and Tshimbulu in Kasai
Region.

The firm of GKW Consult, Consulting Engineers for Water, Sewage, and Waste
Disposal Technology GmbH, of Mannheim, which belongs within the realm of the
major construction firm of Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft, Mannheim.
was included in three projects in the Republic of Niger which are slated to be
carried out with German capital assistance. Competitive bidding, which will
be evaluated by GKW Consult, is now being held for supplying water to the city
of Maradi. Tenders by interested firms must be submitted by the beginning of
September, 1985, In the second instance, GKW Consult assumed consulting tasks
for supplying water to the capital city of Niamey, where the Yantala Water
Works is scheduled to be rehabilitated and expanded and where the delivery


in precisely the same way white applicants are. The guiding principle is

whether they will be a gain for the Springs Jaycees“in the light of the - bd
organization's aims and the projects that are tackled from time to time.
The five Blacks will become members of the branch when they attend the last
meeting of the recruiting drive on 4 September or on 11 September or at the
annual general meeting on 18 September. [Text] [Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND
in Afrikaans 15 Aug 85 p 2] 12906

cso: 3401/281 END



JPRS*SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

_- SOUTH AFRICA

UNITA SPOKFSHAN DISCUSSFS ANGOLAN POLITICS, SOVIRT THREAT
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 17 Jul 85 p 6

[Text] Johannesburg--The UNITA resistance movement in Angola is in favor
of a government of national unity, because of the country's individuality.

This is what a spokesman of UNITA, Col Jardo Muekalia, told DIE VADERLAND
last night on the occasion of the Youth Freedon's conference.

He did not exclude the possibility that in the future there could be a
coalition between the movement and certain elements within the MPLA now

in power. Colonel Muekalia pointed out that Angola is a country of various
tribes.

According to him there are economic relations with South Africa.

In his address Colonel Muelalia said that South-West Africa cannot become
independent unless the Angolan question is resolved.

The threat to southern Africa and the Cape Sea Route is coming from Angola
where. there are 40,000 Cubans, 1,500 Soviet citizens, 2,500 East Germans
and also 3,500 Communist Party Portuguese.

He pointed out that South Africa has a role to play in this region.

A peaceful settlement is not in the interest of the Soviet Union, so stated
Colonel. Muekalia. The Soviet Union will be encouraging violence, revolution
and chaos because it is very well aware that if South Africa is economi-
cally and militarily destroyed there will be nothing else left in this
region.

Then there will be nobody else south of the Sahara who will be able to
offer any opposition to the Soviet Union.

Whether one wants to accept it or not the Soviet Union is now gaining
territory in the world by means of the so-called "wars of liberation."

According to Colonel Muekalia the Soviet Union will not halt its actions
before "we turn it back."

Referring to Unita he said that the organization is a permanent element in
the area. Nothing can be achieved without coming to an agreement with
this organization.

. 84

7964
cso: 3401/194


of the Hamburg Africa-Institute, this rather reflects a "waste of resources"
due to the political system. The scientist thinks that "apartheid is

simply too costly." For example, it thwarts decisions on optimal locations
for enterprises and prevents the availability of a sufficient, qualified labor
force. Lastly, it forces the government into "overly high control costs." It
is a fact that war expenditures and the expansion of control organs caused a
rapid growth of the budget deficit which had to be covered by more and more
foreign loans. When the current budget was passed in March, emergency economy
measures had to be applied. Civil servants lost their jobs and government
salaries were frozen, causing considerable unrest among the Whites who
constitute 95 percent of civil servants. Cuts in agricultural subsidies also
brought white farmers to the barricades.

In this situation, Pretoria is more than ever dependent on the smooth supply
of foreign capital. The renewed strong drop of the Rand's value in recent
weeks, and the yield of more than 11 percent for, new South. African loans,
indicate that the necessary rescheduling of existing loans and additional
borrowing is no longer easy.

For instance, the U.S. magazine BUSINESS WEEK writes in its August issue that
U.S. bankers in particular had "gotten cold feet" because of the political
boycott discussion: "The campaign has stopped banks in some countries from
granting new loans, but the gaps are being filled by Swiss and German banks."
South Africa is now largely dependent on the financial institutions of those
two countries.

This is also confirmed by the World Council of Churches in its latest study:
"European bankers' willingness to grant credits grows proportionately with
South Africa's political problems." Thirty-nine German financial
institutions, above all the Bayerische Vereinsbank, participated in credits
or loans of a total amount of DM 1.6 billion during the past year. State
banks, such as WestLB and Bayerische Landesbank, also participated heavily--as
did the nationalized French credit institutions. Lorenz Schwegler of the
managing board of the Trade, Banks and Insurance trade union (HBV) sees
hardly a chance of exerting pressure on the banks since, in this case, also,
there are differences of opinion with the employees’ council. It is now up to
the federal government which could apply sanctions via the foreign trade law
and the Hermes export insurance.

The managing board of HBV, at present struggling for a uniform policy toward
South Africa, by calling for a boycott would be at odds with the most
powerful DGB [German Trade Union Federation] trade union, IG Metall [Metal
Workers'] Union]. Although the latter's chairman of the board, Hans Mayr,
appealed to the federal government last week" to protest against the imposi-
tion of the state of emergency with all available means," the resolution
against economic sanctions, adopted years ago by IG Metall, remains in force.
In its defense, trade union spokesman Barzynski lists the same three reasons
also cited in principle by Margaret Thatcher and Helmut Kohl: "First of all,
I have never heard of a boycott that really works. Secondly, it hits
primarily unskilled laborers, and in South Africa, those are generally Blacks.
Thirdly, a boycott robs us of existing means of influence, for example, on

77



JPRS*SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

_- SOUTH AFRICA

GREATER CONTACT BETWEEN BLACK, WHITE YOUTH URGED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 15 Aug 85 p 12
{Editorial: "Black and White Youth Must Know One Another"]

[Text] One of the most tragic aspects of the present unrest is the way it
simply makes the gulf between white and black youth bigger each day. A gulf
that was already great in a society afflicted with separation is worsening
because of the political radicalization of young Blacks.

Dr Gerrit Viljoen's call for greater contact between white and black young
people is thus not merely timely but necessary.

More opportunities will have to be created for white and black youth to work,
think, talk and play together. Unless this happens the two divergent spheres
of life in which South Africans already grow up will only become more
irreconcilable.

That is why this newspaper has been calling for years for informal meetings
between white and black students on the sports and cultural levels.

It is at an early age that impressions are formed and images are fixed that
remain with one all one's life. Today South Africa is paying a high price for
long years of isolation that gave rise to prejudice and negative stereotypes.

It is easy to preach change if it is not going to have an effect on the lives
of individuals. Discussions at the highest level between leaders are
certainly decisive for the country's future, but they will serve no purpose
if they do not also take place on the interpersonal level between individuals.

In this matter there is unfortunately still a great deal to be done.

Yesterday DIE VADERLAND reported on the problems colored members of parliament
encounter in seeking to be treated as human beings by some business concerns.

If these are the humiliations run into by people who serve in the country's
highest councils, what frustrations the ordinary colored or black man must
experience daily.

If good relations are not built on the level of daily life, all the
negotiations, all the declarations of intent, all the blueprints and new
deals in the world will be no more than chasing after the wind.

12906 80
CSO: 3401/281


JPRS*SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

COMMENTARY ON SIXTH NALCO CONGRESS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] Last week, PNDC District Secretaries, together with their key
administrative staff and some members of the IMCs of district councils
gathered in Accra for the Sixth Annual Congress of the National Association
of Local Councils (NALCO).

As expected, the discussions at the congress, and the speeches by the very
eminent persons who addressed the congress all centred upon the decentral-
isation policy, its advantages and its implications.

Predictably, one of the controversial areas of discussion centred on the
current responsibility of the districts to pay 50% of their wages and
salaries bill from revenue generated within the districts.

Whilst Mr Justice D.F. Annan in his opening address expressed the confidence
of the PNDC that with initiative and efficient managerial skills the
districts could cope with this responsibility, there were some querulous
voices raised among the participants complaining that the burden is too
heavy, that more help is needed from central government and similar moans
and groans expressing defeatist attitudes.

The "Graphic" correspondents assigned to cover the NALCO congress had the
opportunity for a few informal chats with some of the participants, and

we wish to mention some encouraging facts which have come to our attention
and which we think should be brought to the attention of the public in order
to dispel the negative grumbling and to show what determination and effi-
ciency can do.

For example, Techiman District, despite its large and important market which
attracts traders from all over the country, used to be a problem area.
Anyone familiar with the town can testify that apart from disorder and dirt,
shady deals and diversion cases, the amenities offered by the town consisted
of an erratic electricity supply so feeble that it was difficult to tell
whether your bulb was on or not, and water was collected in drums from the
same spot in the river where transport owners washed their lorries and
tractors.

18


006082

JPRS-SSA-85-092 ; _
1 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

ON STA

- 19980226 132 | 192 | sere re

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

“REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

/{
Abs



JPRS*SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

77 SOUTH AFRICA

MOTIVE FOR THREATENED MINEWORKERS STRIKE DISCUSSED
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 7 Aug 85 p 10
{Editorial: "Mineworker Unrest"]

[Text] The National Union of Mineworkers [NUM], a trade union that is still
wet: behind the ears, has lately involved itself in an unpleasant and long-
winded way in a serious quandary.

Where it is entirely within its rights in contesting a wage dispute with the
Chamber of Mines, those who have no direct interest at stake here will
properly withhold comment.

Where the NUM beats the drums to play a hostile political tune, however, it
may very well stir up a hornet's nest.

Its pronouncements and threats concerning the declared state of emergency
(which has effect entirely in districts where there is no mining industry)
and its boycott-instigating babbling are really much too transparent for the
credibility of an organized labor organization.

The NUM's claim to unusually wide support, even beyond its registered member-
ship, looks suspicious in advance, since it appears that at this preliminary
stage of the planned strike the Chamber of Mines does not exactly seem shaken
to its foundations.

The government cannot, and definitely will not, become mixed up in domestic
squabbles between mineowners and unions. Where disturbances break out,
however, the authorities will not hesitate to exercise their proper function.

It seems to us that the NUM, under the influence of whomever it may be who is
apparently frustrated over the progress achieved in orderly reform and the
control exercised over the state of unrest, is making an attempt to cause
trouble.

It will, however, be in the interests and to the advantage of many black bread-
winners and their dependents if the NUM gets its priorities right, sticks to
its last and lodges its relevant griveances with the Chamber of Mines.

12906
cso: 3401/281

81



: JPRS*SSA=85=092
- 1 October 1985

-- GHANA

GOVERNMENT'S SITING OF SILOS COMMENDED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 p 4

[Text] .
i en It noted with concern
THE sixteenth an- the poor state cf ,randpa-
nual Animal Scien- rent pigs on rnment
ce Symposium has farms and susgested that
owners of private farms be
ended at Legon encouraged to bring in the
participants parent stock for breeding
commending the and distribution.
overnment on its ‘The association elected
ecision to install Mr Den Owust-Aferi, may
{los in. grain- naging director of Hildan
8 L Poultry Feedmills and
produciny areas ‘Afariwaa Farms as its Pre-
throughout the sident, with Dr Adu Kesse
country. | of the University of Scien-
i ce and Technology (UST),
In. a resolution Kumasi, Vice-president.
participants also DrO.S. Olympio of UST.
praised the govern- was elected Secretary, Dr
ment for developing Francis Buachie of Reiss
and sustaining the li- and Company, Assistant
vestock industry jecretary, Mr E-H.T.
st Yankah of Top Farms,
through the provision Cape Coast, Treasurer.
of more inputs and ‘iss Anna-Blay Men-
veterinary medicine, sah of.Cape Coast and Dr
‘The five-day symposium S. A. Osei of the UST were
was attended by’local and elected ex-officio members.
foreign livestock farmers, A
veterinary officers, animal Speaking to the Ghana
science researchers and News Agency (GNA) later,
’ drug manufacturers. Mr Afari said the imme-
The resolution noted diate concern of his execu-
that the rehabilitation of tive would be to intensify
hatcheries has signifi research in the develop-
cantly contributed to an ment of vegetable protein
increase in the supply of as feed for livestock.
day-old chicks. _ Mr Afari who is also
‘The resolution aiso ask- secretary to the Ghana
“ed that the Veterinary De- feedmillers Association
jartment which has for a noted that importing feed
ong time been assisting concentrates with the
livestock farmers be i country’s scarce foreign
cluded in the current ani- exchange was not a satis-
mal: inspection exercise. factory condition and

pledged to do his best in
elping researchers to find
local substitutes. -GNA

cso: 3400/1082

41



JPRS+SSA*85+092
1 October 1985

INTERAFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG TECHNICAL, FISCAL AID FOR BIGHWAY PROJECTS

Frankfurt/Main FRANSFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIPTSCHAFT in German
25 Jul 85 p 2 :

[Article by W. An.: "German Engineering Consulting for African Highway
Projects.” The Federal Government Grants Financial Assistance for
Several Projects]

[Excerpts] German engineering consultancies are frequently used in African
highway construction. In recent weeks, some ten German enterprises have
again received orders for highway planning, construction supervision, and
maintenance in all parts of the continent. They are often entrusted also
with the preparation of tender specifications. Project financing is
frequently carried out with funds from international organizations (European
Development Fund, World Bank group), oil-rich Arab countries, and

individual industrial nations, among them the FRG.

In the spring of 1985, in Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta), H.P. Gauff
Ingenieure GmbH and Co., Nuremberg, was awarded the construction super-
vision of the fourth highway project, which is being financed by the FRG.
It concerns the repair of highways important for the country's transborder
traffic. This involves the dirt roads of Koudoukou-Yako (80 kilometers)
and Koudoukou-Sabu (80 km), and the asphalt highway Quagadougou~Xoupela
(140 km), Total costs of this project are estimated at DM 29.4 million.
Work is to be completed by October 1986.

In Kenya, Gauff Ingenieure also obtained three additional orders from the
Ministry of Transport and Communications. The first concerns construction-
ready planning and preparation of tender specifications for the asphalt
highway Kabartonjo-Kipsomaron (27 km). The costs of this project, financed
via the government's investment budget, will amount to about DM 11 million.
The second order concerns construction of the asphalt highway Kabarnet-
Kabartonjo (19 km). In this project, also, Gauff Ingenieure assumed
construction-ready planning and preparation of the tender specifications,
and in addition, control and supervision of the construction work,

* completion of which is projected for 1986. The Kenya government finances
this project which is expected to cost about DM 13 million.

‘ For the third and largest project, estimated at about DM 30 million,
financing was assumed by the Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development

5



Republic (DM 7.5 million). Beller Consult GmbH, Frefiburg/Breisgau, is in-
volved in this project as a consulting firm. The firm of Prof Dr Lackner &
Partners Consulting Engineers GmbH & Co. KG, of Bremen, has been called upon
in Togo for involvement in equipping a hydroelectric power plant. It also
assumed responsibility in this project, which is being financed with German
capital assistance, for preparation of the bidding documents.

Weidleplan Consulting GmbH, Stuttgart, assumed consulting duties in Mali
pertaining to rural water supply. The firm of Wakuti K. E. Gall KG, Siegen,
was awarded the contract in Nigeria for supervising construction of the second
phase of the Kaduna water supply project. It is also involved in Nigeria as a
consortium partner in the Kwoi water supply project. GERI Consult GmbH,
Frankfurt, was included in the third phase of a water supply project being
carried out in the Central African Republic. The firm is a member of the
group of enterprises that belong to Philipp Holzmann AG, Frankfurt. Fichtner
Consulting Engineers GmbH + Co, KG, Stuttgart, was entrusted with consulting
duties in Rwanda for the N'Taruka hydroelectric power project, which is
scheduled to receive three turbine generator sets (of 3175 megawatts each).

12412
cso: 3420/84


cso:

ter pumps and the like,

that he may need to
boost his crop yields

Goats, sheep, cattle
and other domesticated
animals have great
chances of survival and
multiplying in larger
numbers ja Ghana if pro-
per care is taken of their
rearing. The farmers’
headache of needing
fertilizers can be reduc-
ed. Animal manual is an
important source of
plant nutrients while fod-
der crops and scrubs
growing in rotation with
food crops can increase
soil fertility.

The livestock farmer
is always assured of a
good and balanced meal.
The animals provide
good and ready meat
while the hides, which
are of commercial value
bring ‘in income. The
country's meat-import
bill can be reduced dras-
tically if every farmer
takes to a little bit of
animal husbandry along-
side his crop farming
activity. This will help
to bring in more drugs
to boost the industry.
The poultry sector is
quite improving but ani-
mal rearing on the other
hand can fully supple
ment the effort.

Apart from abundant
meat, the milk situation

3400/1082

54

in the country can be
improved -if -more cattle
is reared. If nothing at
all, fresh milk can Be
made available all the
time.

According to the FAO,
in several African coun-
tries, indigeneous cattle
breeds are being impro-
ved with artificial insemi-
nation in areas where
there is a market for
milk and where the ge
netically improved ani-
mals can be fed and
managed praperly.

Assistance is channel-
Jed through the artificial
Insemination and Breed-
ing Development Pro
gramme, funded by the
Scandinavian Countries.

However, one of the
needed inputs to help in
livestock rearing is ani-
mal feed. Pastures are no
doubt, the greatest sour.
ce of animal feed. But
with proper planning,
fields can be developed
for hay bleeding to feed
the animals.

The Ministry of Agri-
culture, the Ghana Fede-
ration of Agricultural Co-
operatives and all
the Agencies concerned
with agriculture must
whip up enthusiasm in
animal rearing among
our Farmers,. It will be a
nice investment worth
undertaking.


r JPRS*SSA+85+092
: 1 October 1985

an GHANA

KIFCOM CULTIVATES NEW MAIZE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 p 4

[Article by Kwaku Nehemia]

[Text] .

THe harm” Gomolex ~ He said that the Com:
(KIFCOM), a joint vent- pies which has the largest
‘ure of the Social Secu- land of 10,000 hectares to
rity Bank (SSB) and be cultivated in Africa, ex-
Kumawu Traditional pects to harvest 1,000 me-
Council, is cultivating tric tons of maize this year.
19 hectares of s new va- _ He was of the hope that
riety of seed maize bred if the Complex is given
by the Crop R ch every assistance needed. it
Institute in the minor will help Ghana in her qu-
farming season this est to achieve maize suifi-
year. ciency.

In addition the Complex,
which has been established.
under the Ghana-
Yugoslav Protocol Agree-

On the factory, Mr
Rockson stated that-al-
most everything is ready
and the project is expected

ment, is establishing a fac- to take off by the end of
tory éatimated to cost over this year, =
one million cedis to process ‘ei
meat, food and oil for ex- Mr A. E. Adjei, General
Manager of the farm, des-
port and for the local mar- bribed the Ghose Wesel
ket. via co-operation as an ex-
Mr J. K, Rockson, Pro- cellent manifestation of
duction Manager of the South-South co-operation
Complex, said this when and therefore urged other
the Ashanti Regional Se- countries to emulate such
cretary, Mr W. H. Yeboah, example.
Gaited the farm on Thurs- Mr Yeboah advised the
: workers to work hard to
Mr Rockson who is also make the project a success.
the project engineer of the He further advised the
Complex, said future culti- workers to form CDRs im.
vation of new varieties of mediately since it is a ne-
seed maize would depend cessary organ that seeks
on how well they will grow not only the welfare of
in the soil of the Afram. workers but the entire
Plains. o Ghanaians.

cso: 3400/1082

37



apartheid practices in industry." However, the question remains unanswered
by Barzynski how a boycott could endanger black jobs, if it doesn't work,

anyway. 7

The fight in the FRG over economic sanctions against South Africa meanwhile
is also dividing party friends. While Hamburg Mayor Dohnanyi (SPD) rejects
it, his comrade, member of parliament Guenther Verheugen, supports an invest-
ment and credit halt, for example. As to its effectiveness, Verheugen says:
"South Africa is not the USSR, but a highly developed capitalist system. In
view of the close trade and capital ties, selected sanctions by the West,
increasable and backed internationally, are without a doubt a lever that can
bring the South African government around." He also believes that "a number
of Blacks would have to make sacrifices," but "how do we know that their
poorly paid jobs today are more important than the chance for social justice
tomorrow."

The call for economic pressure from abroad is becoming ever louder among black
South Africans--insofar as the regime still permits them to express an opinion.
At the end of June, the South African church council for the first time backed
demands for a boycott. Dan Vaughan, deputy secretary general of the church
council, is traveling in the FRG at present in order to explain this position.
He considers the entire discussion of possible effects of an economic boycott
"academic," for "without a fundamental political change, South Africa will
become an ever higher investment risk due to instability."

Apparently, this is also the opinion of the majority of South African entre-
preneurs. At the beginning of the year, the seven most important industrial
‘associations had addressed a list of political demands to Pretoria which,

among other things, calls for free trade unions and political equality for
Blacks. It was surely not a coincidence that this occurred at the very moment
when liberal U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy was visiting. It is important to
Vaughan that the Germans do not undercut possible poycott decisions by thé U.S.
Congress.

As investors, Great Britain and the United States are still heading the list
by far. Figures on the amount of direct investments by about 350 U.S.
enterprises vary between $3 billion and close to $15 billion. But some U.S.
firms are already withdrawing, for either political or economic reasons. For
example, this year Ford and the two soft-drink multinations, Coco Cola and
Pepsi Cola, gave up their factories in South Africa. After the strong growth
last year, FRG exports sank again by 13 percent in the first 5 months of this
year, which the Federal Association of Wholesale and Foreign Trade attributes
to the "political unrest there."

Yet one can only speculate about the economic effects of individual sanctions.
Suspension of the Hermes government export insurance, and of export credits
by the federally owned Reconstruction Loan Corporation, would without doubt
further curtail exports--possibly with the result that domestic producers in
South Africa would profit from it.

But more important are the political effects. "A clear message from abroad
is now necessary," Vaughan demands. At the beginning of this week, even the

78


JPRS*SSA=854092
- 1 October 1985

GHANA

SSC FINANCIAL, LABOR PROBLEMS REPORTED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Aug 85 pp 1, 4
[Article by Rose Hayford and Ian Brown Lartey]

[Text] A State Shipping Corporation (SSC) vessel, M.V. Klotey Lagoon,
last Monday called at the Tema Harbour virtually empty because of the
demand of the crew for payment of part of their wages for periods ranging
between seven months and three years.

The corporation has therefore incurred losses since the vessel was supposed
to have loaded cargo from Amsterdam to Tema. The "Graphic" learnt that the
vessel was recalled on the orders of the Managing Director.

In an interview, the crew explained that they were to be paid off
immediately the vessel arrived at the port but a meeting with the
National Union of Seamen (NUS) reversed the situation.

The crew have therefore resolved that they would only sign off if they
were paid their accrued wages and the misunderstanding duly settled.

They argued that if ashore workers could be paid regularly in addition
to allowances, there was no reason why they who work to earn money for
the SSC should be neglected.

The crew noted with concern the losses and viewed the action of the
Managing Director as purely personal.

According to the crew, when the CDR and the local union intervened, the
Managing Director attributed his action to a technical fault on the vessel
but this has been denied by the captain of the vessel.

Captain Walker-Arthur in an interview noted that though the vessel is due
for docking it does not need any emergency repairs.

Both officers and crew on the vessel have expressed dissatisfaction with
the decision to recall an empty vessel.

25



FARMERS URGED TO PRACTICE MIXED-CROPPING

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC inEnglish 26 Aug 85 p 4

{Article by Stephen Kofi]

[Text]

cso:

3400/1082

FARMENS have been
advised to practise mix-
ed cropping instead of
devoting all their land
to the cultivation of one

crop.

This will ensure that
their efforts will not be in
vain should there be a crop
failure while at the same
time, they will be making’
maximum use of the land.

Mr Victor Atsu-Ahedor,
Volta Regional Under Se-
eretary for Agriculture.
gave the advice at a brief
meeting with farmers at
Ve-Koloenu in the Hohoe
district during a tour of
some farming projects in
the area.

Reacting to complaints

by the farmers about lack
of market for their farm
produce, Mr Atsu-Ahedor
assured them that the go-
vernment. is taking every
step to buy and store all
the surplus maize in the
system.
, He advised them to go
into large scale gari pro-
cessing as a means of pre-
serving the abundant cas-
sava now on the market.

The farmers also com-
plained about the high in-
terest rates charged by the

42

banks on loans granted
them and said this has
placed a heavy financial
wurden on them, especially
at this time when food is
abundant and cheap on
the market.

‘They complained furth-
er that even though the
loans are given to them
between April and June,
the banks calculate the in-
terest to cover January to
December.

The farmers therefore
appealed to the govern-
ment to ensure that the
banks streamline their
lending procedures to suit
Jocal farming conditions.

The Under Secretary
said he was generally im-
pressed by the performan-
ce of farmers in the district
and expressed the hope
that with more effort and
commitment, Ghana will
soon become self-sufficient
in food production.

Among some of the
farms he visited were a 40-
acre maize farm belonging
to the Grains Develop-
ment Board and a 23-acre
maize farnr belonging to
the Evangelical Presbyte-
rian Church, both at Ve-
Koloenu.

JPRS=SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA


We are not in any way supporting a delay in paying-workers for work done
but we should realise that we are in a situdtion which calls for some
sacrifice and accommodation from everybody so that we can get things going
in the interest of both the employer and the employee,

We appeal to the authorities concerned to intervene and resolve this impasse
so that the SSC incurs no further losses. The SSC must be saved from
drowning.

CsO: 3400/1082

24


And that creates the problem.

We cannot only suppress. We must talk. And talk to people who have authority,
who have influence in their own communities. Enough’ in any case to reduce
the violence.

How to do that, there lies the rub.

A gesture that captures the imagination, one that the reasonable black
people--whether they are still moderate is another matter--can seize upon to
strengthen their own position within the black community. -

What that gesture should be is unfortunately far more than we thought it
might be until very recently--citizenship for everyone, abolition of influx
control, house ownership in so-called white areas are all gestures that are
mecessary but are not the essence of the matter.

There must be an announcement about power sharing, preferably not phrased in
such a way that various interpretations are possible. After that the
questions of citizenship, laws on passes and house ownership can be raised.

It is important that we understand that those we are seeking to talk to and
those we think have authority cannot be determined by us. That is something
the black community will determine.

In the meantime, however, it will help if everyone who speaks in public also
addresses the large group of blacks who don't want violence, who also want
stability, but at the same time yearn for the recognition of their basic
human rights.

We must separate the revolutionaries from those who are representative--by
saying now what the revolutionaries seek to extort from us.

12906
cso: 3401/280

61



JPRS=SSA=854092
1 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 12
Aug 85 p 2

(Article by W. An.: "Water Projects in Africa with German Technical Assis-
tance; Federal Government Providing Financial Support to Most of the Projects"]

{Text] German technical consulting firms have again become active in the
drought-menaced West African region. The Federal Republic of Germany will
continue to provide substantial financial assistance, together with inter-
national organizations (European Development Fund, World Bank Group), other
industrial nations, and rich Arab oil-producing countries (refer also to the
report on water resources projects in Africa in our issue of 18 September 1984).
Included among the 18 or so German technical consulting firms recently awarded
contracts is the Inco Ingenieur-Consortium GmbH, Darmstadt.

This firm is operating in eight countries. Inco was called upon as a con-
sortium partner in the People's Republic of Benin in a project for supplying
water to the city of Porto Novo. It also assumed responsibility in that
country for personnel training and operating assistance at a water works. Inco
was entrusted with consulting duties in the Ivory Coast for supplying water to
the capital city of Abidjan. In Ghana, the firm has been included in a program
which provides for the construction of 90 wells. Financing of this project is
being done with German capital assistance. In Cameroon the firm is a con-
sultant in supplying water to 11 cities and in supplying water to Loutete-Bongo-
Songho in the People's Republic of the Congo.

Inco was awarded consulting contracts for supplying water to 11 cities and to
St. Louis in Senegal. As member of a consortium in Togo, Inco was charged with
developing a water resources plan. Furthermore, in that country it assumed
responsibility for compiling a study on supplying water to Tchamba and it is a
consultant for water supply to the Sotoco company. In Zaire, Inco was given the
task of preparing a study for supplying water to the cities of Banana and Moanda
at the mouth of the Congo River.

The firm of H.P. Gauff Ingenieure GmbH & Co., Nuremberg/Frankfurt, has become
involved in three West African countries. Gauff Ingenieure assumed consulting
duties in the Ivory Coast for projects involving the supply of water to addi-
tional provincial cities. Six cities are involved initially. Secondly, Gauff
Ingenieure has been called upon as a consortium partner in a project for 11



JPRS=SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GAMBIA

UNABLE TO ABSORB FOREIGN AID, COUNTRY NEARS BANKRUPTCY

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 15 Jul 85 p 10

[Article by Carola Kaps: "The Lights Are Going Out on Africa's Smiling Coast.
Gambia--a Further Example of Misguided Development Policy]

[Text] In Gambia, the "smiling coast of Africa," the lights are threatening
to go out. For months now, the power supply company, hopelessly in debt, has
been able to supply the capital of Banjul and surrounding communities with
electricity only for hours at a time. There is no foreign currency to buy
diesel oil for the power plant's generators. Without electricity, the water
pumps are also immobilized. A lack of foreign currency is also drying up the
pumps at gas stations, where the visitor experiences long lines of cars and
heated tempers. There isn't even money to import rice, a favorite staple of
Gambians and all other West Africans. Retailers sell this basic food only by
the cupful to housewives who were used to having a 100-pound sack at home.

In this smallest African country, where a population of 700,000 lives along a
350 km long, narrow strip of -land on both banks of the Gambia river, completely
surrounded by Senegal, the generally distressed economic situation of the black
continent has sharpened into a crisis of such gravity that the country can be
saved from catastrophe only through emergency measures. Long-term development
programs are not the order of the day in Gambia; threatening national bankrupt—
cy and the inevitable return to a subsistence economy can be prevented only
through rapid financial infusions.

Strong Drop in Real Income

Figures speak for themselves: Since Gambia's independence 20 years ago, per
capita income shows a real drop of 20 percent, with a population growth rate

of 3.4 percent. The country's foreign indebtedness amounts to $320 million,
i.e., 180 percent of the gross domestic product. Fifty percent of export in-
come from peanuts, tourism, and re-export to neighboring countries must be used
for debt servicing. According to the latest estimates, payment arrears at pre-
sent amount to about 55 percent of the gross domestic product. Current account
deficits and budget deficits (25 percent and 15 percent, respectively, of the
gross domestic produce) surpass a tolerable level. If one adds to this that
life expectancy in Gambia is only 36 years; that every second child dies before
the age of five; that 90 percent of the population cannot read or write, and
that malnutrition and chronic diseases are commonplace, then life in Gambia has
deteriorated, not improved, for its population during the past two decades.

15



conservative FINANCIAL TIMES spoke out in favor of sanctions. The deciding
factor is that at present, the South African government is in "a state of
schizophrenic uncertainity" about "where one is to go; and how to get there."
According to the FINANCIAL TIMES, a boycott of new investments and loans, or
of imports of Krugerrand coins, probably would have only limited economic
effects, but in view of the fact that the Whites are "divided and unsure"
about the right way, such a signal would have considerable political power
"if it comes from a clear majority of the international community."

9917
CSO: 3420/86

79



ABODAKPI DEFENDS REORGANIZATION OF REVOLUTIONARY BODIES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by Abigail Bonsu and Esther Heman-Ackah]

[Text]

cso:

3400/1082

THE Special Assistant
to the Political Counsel-
Jor for the Economic
‘Development of the
CDRs, Mr Dan Abodak-
iid the occasio-
cturing of cer-
tain organs of the revo-
lution is a necessary
procedure to guard ca-
dres from repeating the
grave mistakes com-
mitted at the initial sta-
ges of the revolution.
The restructuring, he

added, also helps to assert,

the correct perspective
that spells out the role ca-
dres are expected td play to
advance the revolution.

Mr Abodakpi was inau-
Gusting the CDR of the

ictoriaborg Press, one of
the publishing units of the
Ghana Publishing Corpo-
ration in Accra yesterday.

He noted that it was
very common for elected
CDR executives to create
exclusive powers for them-
selves when they assume
office and this tended to

52

portray the same old abuse
of power which characte-
rised the administration ot
some past management
personnel.

He said the CDR con-
cept should rather form
the basis for developing a
resolute and efficient work
ethic that would spur
workers on to increase
production and thus help
to maximise profits.

He suggested the forma-
tion of sub-committees
within CDRs to take char-
ge of important aspects of
production in every orga-
nisation.

On the institution of
Joint Consultative Coun-
cils (JCC) in place of
IMCs, Mr Abodakpi said
the idea is to ensure labour.
discipline and to accord
respect to workers’ partici-
pation in decision making.

In a short address, Mr P.
K. Nyarko, Managing Di-
rector of the corporation,
said a programme has al-
ready been drawn up for
the rehabilitation of ma-
chinery and equipment at
the press.

JPRS=SSA4854092
1 October 1985

GHANA



But despite the political and economic crisis, Siemens business operations

at the Cape are doing noticeably better than those of most German companies
represented there. At present, telecommunications and microelectronics are
advancing in South Africa, in private industry as well as in state offices,
particularly the police and military. The threatening U.S. boycott of all
computer deliveries makes Siemens managers hope for even better business.

As one manager reported, the U.S. disinvestment discussion is of considerable
concern even now to the customers of IBM, the largest data-processing
multinational. He is of the opinion that when in doubt, the "safe" Germans
and Japanese would be preferred. Many of the almost 300 subsidiary companies
of German enterprises in South Africa are, however, hard hit by the economic
crisis.

At the end of last year, FRG firms had direct investments of between DM 1
billion and DM 7 billion in the apartheid state (depending on sources and
accounting methods). After the United States, German industry is South
Africa's largest supplier; last year, it sold goods in the amount of DM 6.6
billion, up one-third from 1983. At the top of the export list are motor
vehicles, machines, and electrotechnical goods. German banks are also
represented heavily in that country. They finance German-South African trade
and arrage government loans. In protest against this involvement, the World
Council of Churches withdrew its accounts from the Dresdner Bank.

Yet the German export surplus in trade with South Africa continues to grow,
since among purchasers of South African goods, the FRG is only in fifth
place after the United States, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Japan. Imports
consist mostly of raw materials, semi-finished products, gold coins, gold,
and platinum. But the prices for raw materials and gold are dropping. True,
the country's serious recession shows up in the statistics only to a limited
extent so far, since during the past year, the GNP still grew by 4.5 percent
after a minus 3 percent in the preceding year. Two different developments
are hiding behind these figures, as explained by Axel Halbach of the Munich
Ifo-Institute: "A strong upswing in the first half of the year on the basis
of very high consumption spending, often credit-financed, and just as rapid

a decline during the second half of the year, combined with a further drop in
gold prices, a dramatic decline in the exchange rate of the Rand, growing
unemployment, increased bankruptcies, and renewed price rises."

Almost no growth is expected for the rest of this year, but rather an
inflation rate of 17 percent and more than 30 percent unemployment among the
black population. Meanwhile, South Africa has more than $23 billion in
foreign debts. Many of the credits fall due this year yet, and repayment is
ever more difficult because of the Rand's drop in value (about 50 percent
since the beginning of the year). However, exports of mining and agricul-
tural products have profited from this devaluation, this becoming the major
prop of the South African economy. Last year, exports rose by 28 percent to
about 25 billion Rands (at present, about DM 36 billion), gold accounting for
about 45 percent.

In view of such export success, the world economic situation can hardly be
the cause of South Africa's economic decline. According to Rolf Hofmeister of

76


_- SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

REFUGEES IN KRUGER PARK-~Pretoria—-Hundreds of starving refugees from
Mozambique are still streaming into the Kruger Game Reserve as the civil war
there expands. A spokesman for the Game Reserve says that the numbers are
still increasing. Considerably more than 100 people are handed over to the
police every month. He says that the people usually cross the border in large
groups because their houses have been burned down and their food destroyed.
Most of the people are attacked by both sides engaged in the conflict. The
situation in Mozambique is continually getting worse. The spokesman says
that this state of affairs has existed for 2 or 3 years now and the fugitives
are totally desperate. Patrols are regularly carried out along the border
wire by the game wardens and fugitives are rounded up. "For humanitarian
reasons they are given food, medical attention and temporary shelter before
they are handed over the the South African Police. They are starving and have
hardly any personal possessions left. It is clear that a 'dog-eat-dog'
situation prevails in the region and that the fugitives are attacked and
driven out both by the REANAMO [expansion unknown] rebels and by the
Mozambique army." He says that charges in the media that the fugitives are
attacked and eaten by beasts of prey are exaggerated. Game wardens have so
far found the remains of only one person. Most of the fugitives are found
by the patrols before they are attacked by wild animals. [Text] [Pretoria
DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 13 Aut 85 p 7] 12906

JAYCEES ADMIT FIRST BLACKS--Springs--The first five black businessmen will
become registered members of the Springs Junior Chamber of Commerce in
September, says the president, Mr Conrad Mercer. It will be South Arica's
only Junior Chamber of Commerce with black membership. Another branch of the
nationwide Jaycees movement tried something of the sort previously, but it
failed. Mr Mercer says there is no question of the Springs Jaycees being
overrun by black members. Membership of the branch is limited, and as soon
as the branch has enough members in the opinion of the executive, additional
members can be asked to break away and form a new branch. The five Blacks
who are to become members in September have already attended three meetings
of the Springs Jaycees to get acquainted with the activities of the organiza-
tion. Two of them are attached to the marketing division of the Gillette
company, two are senior personnel of a computer company and one works for a
paper factory. Some of the five men are already so interested in the
Jaycees' activities that they have asked the permission of the executive to
bring along their friends too. Black applicants will ultimately be judged

91



JPRS*SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

7: SOUTH AFRICA

LETTER COMPARES RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA, NAMIBIA
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 10 Aug 85 p 8
{Letter from J.C. Claassen, Bloemfontein: "Contrast Between SA and South West"]

[Text] To be back in the Republic after 3 years in South West [Africa] is a
shock. In this country the following are conspicuous: the unrest, the
friction between White and Black, the ignorance of one another, the separate
spheres of life.

This stands in striking contrast to the situation in South West: much good
faith between White and Black, ready opportunity to mingle with one another,
the human worth Blacks enjoy. ("Whites Only" signs and forms of address such
as "Master" and "Missus" are anachronisms, to give two practical examples.)

A practical illustration of the difference between South West and South
Africa is given: the writer does trade counselling along with two black
colleagues at black schools in Swakopmund and Walvis Bay. At Swakop there is
no problem about accomodation. We live together, eat together, work together.

When we enter the Walvis area, their humiliation and my embarrassment begin.
"Whites Only" signs appear. We go separate ways. The frustration of teachers
in Walvis is striking. They drive over to Swakop to enjoy a drink at a
hotel, or just simply to be treated like a person.

The new South West began in 1977 when apartheid was abolished. Today people
such as Messrs Katjiuonga and Shipanga serve in the cabinet. In South West
their leadership serves a double purpose:

--It is employed to the advantage of the people of the country.

--It induces moderate Blacks to lose their sympathy for SWAPO, because they
have representation.

There is no doubt that SWAPO loses support to the extent that black represen-
tation is broadened. In this country even moderate Blacks are turning to
extremism. Moderate black leaders are either in jail, or the Blacks feel that
they are achieving nothing because they are not militant enough.

82



JPRS=SSA+85=092
1 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S TRADE WITH NORWAY DECLINES
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 24 Aug 85 p 10

[Article by Roar @stgardsgjelten]

[Text] Norwegian firms are doing less business with South
Africa. For the first time since 1981 the first 6 months

of the year saw a decline in the total commodity trade with
South Africa by 2.5 percent. Commodity imports were reduced
by 4 percent compared to the first 6 months last year, while
the value of exports from Norway to South Africa declined by
2 percent.

There was a considerable decline in most commodity imports. Also the
value of most exports showed a major decline for most products. Norwegian
firms purchased and sold for 483 million kroner in South Africa during

the period January-June of this year.

A survey prepared by the Department of Commerce and Shipping shows that.

the largest decline in percentages took place in the import of canned fruit.
This trade was reduced by nearly 8 million kroner, or 69 percent, from 11.3
million kroner during the first 6 months of last year to 3.5 million

kroner in the first 6 months of this year. The import of fruit and vegetables
was reduced by 66 percent, from 25.9 million kroner last year to 8.9 million
kroner during the first 6 months of this year.

The value of imported crude phosphate was 15.3 million kroner this year, as
against 28.7 million kroner during the first 6 months of last year, i.e.

a reduction by 47 percent. The import of cupro-nickel matte was reduced by
40 percent, from 29.5 million kroner to 17.6 million kroner.

The considerable decline in the import of these commodities was, however,
nearly offset by a sharp increase in the import of manganese ore for the
ferro-alloy industry and electrolytic manganese metal for the aluminum
industry. During the first 6 months, Norwegian ferro-alloy works purchased
107 million kroner worth of manganese in South Africa, which is an increase
by 45 million kroner, or 72 percent, over the same period last year. The
import of electrolytic manganese metal increased from 3.5 million kroner to
4.7 million kroner, i.e. an increase by 34 percent.

389



JpRs-SSA=85-092
1 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MODERATE BLACK LEADERS WITH WHOM TO NEGOTIATE BEING SOUGHT
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 15 Aug 85 p 12

{Editorial "Round About Politics" by Harald Pakendorf: "Yesterday's Gestures
Are Not Enough Today"]

[Text] The political debate in South Africa is no longer about whether there
should be a sharing of power between White and Black. The "if" question has
been decided. We are now busy with the "how" of power sharing.

That has already been argued on more than one occasion in this column.

Only this week it was said in just so many words on television. By a man who
ought to know what he is talking about, constitution maker Andreas van Wyk.

The director-general of political development doesn't beat around the bush.
But in South Africa there was no reaction to this revolutionary proposition.
Neither did the outside world so much as notice.

Seen in this light, and bearing in mind that the state president has been
saying the same thing since 25 January, there can be little doubt that the
same metter will be touched on again in Natal tonight.

Even though probably spelled out no more clearly than Dr Van Wyk put it, and
certainly cloaked in other language, it will be up for discussion.

It is to be hoped that it will not be veiled to the point where different
interpretations of it are possible--one for Mr Reagan, one for Dr Treurnicht,
one for the enlightened Nationalist, one for the conservative Nationalist.

For that we shall, however, have to wait for tonight.

What is significant is that the "how" of power sharing is now the topic in
question. And it is of the utmost importance that two points be kept in mind.

The first is that not all black people in the country want reform, but that
some will be satisfied with nothing less than revolution.

59



Mr Abodakpi specifically cited AFKO as an example where Koreans brought in
to work misbehave towards Ghanaians both in and outside the country.

He emphasised that there is the need that crew brought into the country has
decent backgrounds and does not create undue political problems for the
nation.

Mr Abodakpi therefore urged the management to ensure that the vessel on
which the incident occurred is not rushed to sea to enable investigations
to be completed in the shortest possible time.

Meanwhile, the victim, Mr Francis Mensah, is still in hospital with doctors
trying feverishly to make him survive. It was reliably learnt that other

complications had set in as the stab affected his diaphragm and kidney.
The delegation later visited the victim at the hospital.

cso: 3400/1082

32


JPRS*SSA=854092
1 October 1985

7 SOUTH AFRICA

HNP REFUSES TO PARTICIPATE IN MULTIRACIAL GOVERNMENT
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 3

[Article: "HNP Says No to Participation in Multiracial Government in SWA:
Pretorius Delivers Invitation"]

[Text] The HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party] has turned
down an invitation to take part in South West [Africa]'s
multiracial government.

The invitation was recently put forward by the leader of the NP (National Party]
in South West, Mr Kosie Pretorius. According to a report in the NP's organ,
DIE SUIDWESTER, Mr Pretorius asked the HNP to take its place in the National
Assembly.

On enquiry, the leader of the HNP, Mr Jaap Marais, said that Mr Pretorius's
invitation was clearly an attempt to compromise the HNP into acceptance of the
principle of multiracial coalition government for South West.

"The HNP is convinced that this system will not last and that it is the be-
ginning of a constitutional process whereby the Whites will increasingly be
reduced to an appendage in the government. The black political groups outside
the system will exert pressure on the groups inside the system to demand more
and more power for the Blacks, and the Whites in the system will be continuously
under pressure to give in so as to prevent it from falling apart.

"The HNP will exert pressure from outside the system on the White parties in
the system so as-at least to compensate for the pressure that will be felt from
the left.

"The HNP would far rather Mr Pretorius and the NP of South-West had remained
outside the so-called Multiparty Conference and the National Assembly and pro-
claimed the claim of the Whites of South-West to a territory along the the HNP.
Without the Whites of the NP and the HNP the Multiparty Conference and the
National Assembly would not have been able to get going," Mr Marais declares.

In an invitation to the HNP Mr Pretorius says that he has noticed that a member

of the HNP complains that the HNP has no platform and thus simply writes letters
to the English-language newspapers in Windhoek.

72


JPRS*SSA*85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

DEVELOPMENT OF SHEANUT INDUSTRY REPORTED
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 29 Aug 85 p 4
{Article by Fuseini Sugri]

[Text] There are indications that the people in the Northern Region,
having realized the export potentials in the sheanut industry, are actively
working conscientiously to make the crop one of the major foreign exchange
earners for the country.

The enthusiasm generated in this industry by the people has led to the
highest record in the production of the crop 16,000 tons valued at
£453, 200,000.00.

This figure exceeds the grand total of 9,000 tons produced by the five
producer regions of Volta, Brong Ahato, Upper East and West and the
Northern Region in 1974.

It is significant to note that the commercial value of the crop which has
led to the springing up of its controlled cultivation has broken the long
held tradition by some people, especially the Dagombas.

Tradition had it that any indigenous person who planted a tree would die
as soon as that tree grew higher than the planter, For this reason it is
common to find people in the Dagbon areas engaging the service of people
from other tribes to plant trees for them for a token fee when the need
arose.

Land

Now that these farmers in the region are fully aware of the commercial
viability of the crop like their counterparts in the cocoa industry in the
South, large tracks of land are being cultivated.

Free lease of land from traditional landowners and land held in trust for
clans and families are now being put under cultivation. Those who cannot
afford to acquire new lands are using their existing plots for the same
purpose. The crop thrives in a well drained rich loose sandy soil with
a good tropical rainfall pattern.

33



JPRS=SSA*85+092
- 1 October 1985

—- "GHANA
MEDIA ENRICHMENT PROGRAM NEEDED, OFFICIAL CLAIMS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Aug 85 p 1
[Article by Zenobia Ofori-Dankwa and Afusatu Sanda]
[Text]
MR Kofi Totobi Quakyi, was Speaking . an early age how the media
Under Secretary for in minsron “Our hase eds operates nnd to what uses,
formation yesterday and Children” organised both positive and negative
stated that it is neces- by the Ghana National they can be put to.
sary for the mass media Commission on Children Mr Gyan Appenteng,

acting Editor of “The Mir-
ror” speaking on the sub-
topic “The Print Medium”

inGhanatoambarkone (GNC) atthe commis:
gramme which ean help sion’s secretariat in Accr:
Ghanaiens to deal more The Under Secre said the newspaper attitu-
rofoundly with the bu- mentioned that the fact de to children’s activities
an problems which that the state earns reve- has been one of neglect,
confront them: nue from, taxes from film adding that it is a question
front them. at and video operators, adding that i a question
le said. lot of what should not be the only jt of whether the negie
goes, on in, the metiid stifcation for their conti- vourable orharmful.
inoughout the maid area hed operation they ee fain cone ot
i fon of how the causing harm to children Press neglecting chiar
media have become instru- 3 Should be looked at in the

and the society as a whole. 4
pnts or pe mena ne He sated. hat about coer of how sai 6

i the social costs involved nerally looks at children.
culariy, those in developed which cannot be quantifi- wbtr Haruna Atta, spe
Surrey, me, Shino of cede ond BEE Tt
water imbact of the come “Mr Quakyi therefore Board of the film industry
Mrotciatl te aciented moda called for the careful as- was authoritatively com;
on children, youth and sessment of the non-, petent enough, they

i able to stop certain vio-
even adults in those socie- material and cultural costs lent films from surfacing in

ties, he added. that have to be paid in the country. He cited spe-
Mr Quakyi said rather order to enjoy the benefits cifically the ‘'senselessly
unfortunately, the media of commercial media violent” film Class of 84.
in these advanced societies which are imported. He called for a full-time
have a wider ideological He called on the seminar censorship board with a
offensive which has ac- to discuss the need for me- lesser, more effective
tually penetrated into the dia education in schools so membership than the
society of Ghana. that children and the existing part-time mem-
” youth can understand at bership of 30.

cso: 3400/1082

48


arrears with their contribution to the OAU Liberation.Fund, from which
arms and other supplies are bought for the liberation movements. It
is this apparent abandonment of the Frontline States to their fate

. which justifies their unfortunate decisions to sign nonaggression
pacts with the Devil himself, such as the Nkomati Accord, and Angola's
seeming readiness to agree to the departure of the Cuban troops.

But Zimbabwe's quiet, unhearlded involvement on the side of the Frelimo
government in Maputo is to be expected, in the light of the consistent
revolutionary line taken by the ZANU-PF government of Prime Minister
Mugabe since independence 5 years ago. It is recalled that after the
Frelimo victory in 1975, ZANU moved its fighting base from Tanzania

to Mozambique, from where it carried on the war that finally led to the
defeat of Ian Smith. Mr Mugabe may have decided against allowing the
ANC of South Africa to use Zimbabwe as a base in its fight for freedom,
but in committing its troops to the defense of Mozambique's independence,
Zimbabwe is not only helping to protect its own vital interest, nor is
it just a matter of repaying its debt of gratitude to Mozambique.

It goes further than that. Zimbabwe has, by this sacrifice, shown

its support for the ANC, since victory for Mozambique against the

MNR strengthens the South African freedom struggle.

cso: 3400/1096

21


HOTEL WORKERS SEEK NEGOTIATIONS ROLE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 27 Aug

[Text]

WORKERS of the State
Hotels Corporation
have called on the go-
vernment to take imme-
diate steps in the true
spirit of participatory
democracy to involve
them and their manage-
ment in the negotiations
currently going on to
offer the State Hotels
joint partnership with
private/foreignentre-
Preneurs.

So far, management of
“the State Hotels has been
kept completely out of all
negotiations already held
in connection with the
joint partnership.

. According to them, this
would go a long way in
removing fears, doubts and
prejudices from their
minds. :

‘CSO: 3400/1082

‘The call which was made
in a resolution passed at
their 12th National Dele-
gates Congress held in-Ta.
koradi, among others,
stated that the govern-
ment should also amend
the Social Security Act to
make room fcr a review of
the present interest rate of
three per cent to reflect the
realities of the times.

The workers further
asked the government to
extend the current tax
waive on overtime to cover
all categories of workers
who would be called upon
to do overtime work. They
said this would motivate
staff to increase producti-
vity and remove disaffec-
tion among certain sec-
tions of the work-force.

Earlier in his opening

51

85 p 8

speech, the acting Manag-
ing Director of the State
Hotels Corporation, Mr
Timothy Ogum, ‘said
bringing private financiers
to invest in the country’s
hotels was in iteself not a
bad thing but “our worry is
that in almost all the cases
so far, none of the inte-
rested entrepreneurs has
made its intentions known
tous”.

He, however, urged’ the
workers not to relax in
their efforts to provide the
required services simply
because some of the units
would become joint vent-
ures. Instead, they should
put in their maximum in
the discharge of their du-
ties to prove that given the
inputs and in the right at-
mosphere, “we are capable
of delivering the goods”.

JPRS+SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA



The second is that we must be careful to avoid the idea that we can choose the
black people's leaders for them.

These two matters are closely connected.

There is already serious difficulty in persuading reasonably moderate black
leaders--those who until not long ago were regarded as radical--to talk to
figures of authority in the government.

Even behind closed doors without anyone knowing they are talking.

The attitude is simply: if P.W. Botha will not talk to Desmond Tutu, why
should I talk to Chris Heunis? And if Gerrit Viljoen gives the impression
that talks can only take place on the preconditions of separate residential
areas and education, after all, the limiting factor in the debate remains
separate development.

To atgue about this with these people gets one nowhere, because they are
simply saying what they perceive.

They know that an important section of the black population is no longer
interested in reform. They have gone beyond that. They want to make a
revolution, want total victory now--and on their terms.

Naturally it is a miscalculation on their part to think that the present
system is ready simply to be overturned. Indeed, the present system has not
even shown its real power yet, to say nothing of using it.

The fact is, however, that the reality of those who are now bent on
revolution must be dealt with.

How that is to be managed is, however, the problem. Naturally law and order
must be maintained, the state must visibly demonstrate that it still
guarantees ordinary people their normal lives and that the stone throwers,
pyromaniacs and strong-arm men are not calling the tune.

But the central question is whether these people, those who scent revolution,
are the true leaders of the black people with whom the government must
netotiate over a future constitution.

The answer is instinctively, no.

Bound up with that no, however, is the danger that one is oneself seeking to
choose black leaders to whom it is possible to talk, a la Muzorewa, and thus
deciding oneself who the leaders are.

Likewise, there is the danger that the strong-arm men are, in fact, carrying
out the instructions of the "real" black leadership.

60


GAMBIA

GHANA

Unable To Absorb Foreign Aid, Country Nears Bankruptcy
(Carola Kaps; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 15 Jul 85)..eseeeees

Commentary on Sixth NALCO Congress
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 28 Aug 85).cescceccccvccscecceece

Radio Lauds Zimbabwean Military Aid to Mozambique
(David Anaglatey; Accra Domestic Service, 9 Sep 85)...see.

Support for SWAPO Reaffirmed
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85)..ccccevccccccccccececs

Commentary Notes Need To Save Foundering SSC

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Aug 85)..ceccccececvcccecesves

SSC Financial, Labor Problems Reported
(Rose Hayford, Ian Brown Lartey; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,

30 Aug $5) .cccscceceseccececcucecenceeeeenceeeeceeeeceeees

Peace Council Organizes Solidarity Rally
(Accra Domestic Service, 11 Sep 85).ssccccccccccccccccccee

CDR Newspaper To Begin Publication
(Accra Domestic Service, 10 Sep 85)scccsccecsccscccccceves

Advanced Weather Warning System Established
(Iddrisu Seini, George Atubiga; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,

BO Aug 85) .cccscccccccccceccccccvcsccssevesccscceccceseces

AFKO Management Makes Peace Moves
(Rose Hayford; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Aug 85)..

Development of Sheanut Industry Reported
(Fuseini Sugri; GHANAIAN TIMES, 29 Aug 85)..csecssecscceces

Sefwi-Wiawso People Finance Projects
(Veronica Bagos; GHANAIAN TIMES, 26 Aug 85)..ccsevecccvece

KIFCOM Cultivates New Maize
(Kwaku Nehemia; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Aug 85).....00.

Drums To Replace Bells in Schools
(Richardson A. Baido; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Aug 85)..

Brong-Ahafo Chiefs Urged To Speed Development
(C.S. Buabeng; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Aug 85)....

15

18

20

22

23

25

27

28

29

31

33

36

37

38

39


JPRS+SSA=85=092
- 1 October 1985

NEW LOCAL ADMINISTRATION LAW IMMINENT

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 pp 1, 4

[Text]

A NEW lIaw which will provide the legal
framework for the new Local Government
Administration Is to be passed soon, Mr F. A.
Jantuah, Secretary for Local Government
said In Accra at the weekend?

‘The government, he said was at the moment experi-
menting the new concept with Interim Management
Committees (IMCs) of existing Regional and District.
Councils with a view to purging any 1 therent defects, so
that the law that would emerge could operate smoothly
to achieve the desired results. .

‘Addressing. the closing session of the sixth annual
conference of the National Association of Local Councils
(NALCO) at the University of Gh: na, Mr Jantuah noted
that existing councils which are sidered too large,
would be split into manageable siz-s.

According to Mr Jantuah, ir the three-tier Local
Government system which is being introauced,
Town/Village/Area Councils would be at the lowest
level. with district councils supervising and co-ordinating
their activities.

Regional Councils, he said would in turn supervise the
work of the district councils.

Mr Jantuah noted that the financial problems of most
district councils had been compounded by their inability
to levy “sufficient rates” to finance essential services.

He suggested that an annual basic rate equal to the
wage of the lowest government worker for a day and a
haif, could not be considered over-burdensome, noting
that users of the council's services should be made to pay
at least the full cost of such services. _

cso: 3400/1082

40

Other a:eus where district councils have failed, he said.
were in the compilation of up-to-date nominal rolls of rate
payers, registers for various fees, rents and charges from
which they derive revenue. :

‘The result, Mr Jantuah noted, was that councils found
it difficult to keep track of tax evaders and thereby lost
huge sums of revenue.

in the recent announcement of government's inten:
tion to create additional district councils Mr Jantuah said

the modalities were still
being worked out.

Government, he said,.
had decided to put into
practice with the existing
@5 city and district coun-
cils, the new ideas from
which the decentralisation
policy emerged, to monitor
and appraise how they
would work and rectify
y defect before creating
additional district councils

_ Mr Jentuah trged parti-
cipants to take keen inter-
est in the financial admi-
nistration of their councils
by scrutinising and debat-
ing their audit reports and
taking corrective action.
where necessary.



DRUMS TO REPLACE BELLS IN SCHOOLS

JPRS+SSA=85+092
. 1 October 1985

- GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 pp 1, 8

[Article by Richardson A. Baidoo]

[Text]

‘THE Ghana Education
Service (GES) is to in-
troduce the use of drums
in place of bells in all
first cycle educational
institutions in the
country as from next
January.

The use of drums to
summon children is a step,
towaras the impiementa-;
tion of the curriculum en-
richment programme
launched by the GES re-

cently.

Mr J. B. Yegbe, Greater
‘Accra Regional Director of
Education, said the use of
drums which serves as an
efficient means of commu-
nication among others,
would also help to make
children learn and appre-
ciate the cultural values of
the country. .

He was speaking at the
end of a two-day arts festi-
val organised by the GES
for elementary schools in
the Dangme, sub-district
at Dodowa on Thursday.

Mr Yegbe said the pro-
gramme for the region

CSO: 3400/1082

would be launched at Do-
dowa on November 5 this
year and therefore appeal-
ed to traditional rulers, the
churches, CDRs, town de-
velopment committees and
Parent Teacher Associa-
tions to assist in the pro-
curement of drums for
schools in their areas.

_Mr Yegbe noted that
since much of the
country’s cultural values
are embodied in songs,
drumming and dancing, it
was necessary that more
attention was paid to its
promotion and develop-
ment.

He urged teachers and
musicians to compose
more patriotic songs, pro-
duce literature in Gha-
naian languages and also
encourage children to pro-
duce their own drama and
poetry and further appeal-
ed to the government and
well-meaning Ghanaians
to support cultural pro-
grammes being introduced
in schools.

38

He commended the
children for their creati-
vity and asked them to
fearn more about their
tradition and culture in
order to become useful and
patriotic citizens, saying,
“unless you understand
our culture, you cannot

atriotic

‘he Assistant Director
of Education in charge of
the district, Mr E. K.
Quartey noted with satis-
faction that out of the 24
awards which Ghana had
during the 25th World
Children’s Art Competi-
tion in Korea recently, te’
went to children from the
district.

_ Mr Quartey said schools
in the district are being
encouraged to engage in
food production to genera-
te funds for the purchase of
materials but mentioned
the acquisition of land as
its main problem’ and the-
refore appealed to the
chiefs in the area to release
lands for the project.


However, the black man is now trying to break through this isolation with
murder and violence. Now that we have forfeited separation as an option,
we better start to listen to what he has to say.

Honestly, if you look about yourself sometimes you get the impression that
the Whites are calmly discussing things with each other in an idiom which
is strange to Blacks while they literally scream murder and fire in order
to be heard.

What. are the black people saying?

Within its limited space and research this article cannot do justice to
this mattér; however, a couple of examples from last week's statements
could provide some indications.

The Sowetan attributes the disorders to the black anger against apartheid.
He talks about the black adult's feeling of powerlessness and frustration,
the black adult's children who are willing to die for freedom, about pain
and utter desperation. Throughout the comments being made you can see
that the white man and the government are being reproached for not wanting
to listen and understand.

Bishop Tutu reflects the feeling behind the attacks on black policemen,
officials and black council members with his prediction (which has partially
come true) that the black community will be putting black policemen before
the choice of whether to go on supporting the maintenance of a "system
which is morally indefensible."

A calm white debate about the possibilities offered by federation and
confederation does not address those people who flare up in anger and
frustration because they feel that they are talking to a wall.

Adaptations are of no consolation to a youth who is willing to die for
what he considers as his freedom. Bishop Simeon Nkoane of Johannesburg
says that the total abolition of the influx control law and even the
creation of a black parliament (I suppose he means a fourth chamber) will
not be sufficient gestures.

What does the black. man want?

"I think that the black people will be appeased by negotiations around a
table."

Both Chief Minister Buthelezi and Bishop Tutu said that they would condi-
tionally be willing to talk with the state president. Despite everything
there is apparently still special respect for Mr Botha in the black
community and there is hope that he can bring about the kind of changes
which will satisfy them.

Are the conditions presented by these and by other moderate black leaders
so unacceptable?

63



MINISTER DISCISSES NATIONAL PLAN FOR 1985-1991

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 29 Aug 85 p 2

Giext]

PARLIAMENT: Botswana will
pay attention to trade
diversification and
development, especially with
countriess in the Southern
African Development
Co-ordination Conference
{SADCC) region during the
National Development Plan
Six period (1985-1991),
Parliament heard on Monday.

Presenting Chapter 10 of
the dratt NOP-6 which deals
with industry and commerce,
the Minister of Commerce
and Industry, Mr Moutlakgola
Nwako, explained that his
ministry would develop an
appropriate export promotion
strategy.

“This will not only alleviate
current problems faced by
most of our export industries
but will also accelerate the
process of diversifying our
trade and thereby reduce our
heavy dependence on South
Africa,” said Mr Nwako.

He added that his ministry
intended to undertake 15
development projects during
NDP-6. These will be aimed
at the development and
promotion of industry and
commerce. The cost of these
projects is estimated at P11,5
million of which half will be
devoted to the promotion of

small and medium scale
entrepreneurship, with the
principal agents as BEDU,
the Business Advisory
Services, the Rural Industrial
Officers and the. Rural
Industries Promotion.

Mr Nwako also Informed
the House that two major
departments were to be set
up to replace the divisions of
commerce and industry.
These will be known as the
Department of Industrial
Affairs and the Department
of Commerce and Consumer
Aftairs.

He explained that BEDU
would become operationally
closer to the Department of
Industrial Affairs. It was being
reorganised to become the
focal point of maximisation,
coordination and effective
delivery of fleld extension
support to both small and
medium scale productive
enterprises.

Earlier, he had explained
that employment creation,
rural development, economic
independence and increased
citizen participation would
continue to be the guiding
Principles.

JPRS=$$4~854992
1 October 1985

BOTSWANA

In a brief review of NDP-5,
Mr Nwako said that the last
few years had seen an
Increased participation by
Batswana in the commercial
sector. Of the 2 616licansees
under the Trading Act and
749 under the Liquor Act, 85
per cent and 96 per cent
respectively were Batswana.

He however said most of
these establishments were
selling predominantly
imported goods, and it was
for this reason that the ‘Buy
Botswana’ campaign was
promoted by his ministry.

Mr Nwako further said that
during the past few years,
several institutions had been
created or strengthened to
Promote industry and
commerce. These included
the Botswana Development
Corporation, Batswana
Enterprises Development
Unit, Rural Industries
Promotion (Botswana),
Business Advisory Services,
National Development Bank,
Rural industrial Ofticer cadre
and Botswana Technology
Centre.

Mr Nwako also emphasised
the role of industry in
employment creation, which
he said was becoming
Increasingly Important.


RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY STRESSED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 pp 1, 8

[Article by Vic Odoi]

[Text]

cso:

MR P. V. Obeng, Member of the PNDC and Chairman of the
Committee of Secretaries, has stated that the administration of the
nation Is now a joint responsibility of both civillans and men In
uniform. 7

This is because it
responsibility between ¢

Speaking ‘Xe the Eighth Graduation Ceremony of 34 students at the Ghana Armed
Forces Staff College yesterday Mr Obeng noted that African traditional culture
sersaises statehood aid leadership built around traditional military formation.

‘The PNDC member
hoped that the world wide
appreciation of joint mili-
tary and civilian leaders-
hip should bring an end to
the search for a new socio -

now generally accepted that the separation of natural
13 and the military is now unnatural and undesireable.

JPRS=SSA485=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

political order by African Earlier in his welcome ,
natio1 . address, the Commandant members of the Diploma-
Advising the graduates of the College, Brigadier R. tic Corps, the universities
of the college, including a K. Dzogbenuku, explained and individual lecturers
Tanzanian and three Ni- that the course is to sti- who have heen contribut-
gerians, Mr Obeng was of mulate individual thinking ing immensely towards the
the view that the 11 to enable the officer to ex- success of these courses.
months course should cel in any sphere of human ‘The Commandant cnn-
equip them mentally, endeavour. ferred on the graduates the
physically and morally to ‘The standard of training award of Past Staff College
take up other roles in the in receni times, according “PSC”. Prizes were later
overail national develop- to Brigadier Dzégbenuku, presented to the best stu-
ment efforts. has been appreciably high dents by Mr Obeng. |
He assured them that in bpite of economic}eons- ‘The best student, Major
their suggestions and re- traints and hoped that the F. Adu-Amanfoh was ho-
commendations sent to the next batch of students will noured with a silver plague
Office of the Committees include officers from the while Majors Kwesi Yank-
of Secretaries are highly Civil Service. son and Samuel Anum
preciated and wil e Odotei were also presente
forwardedtothe relevant preg rpmandant ex: with prizes for their meri-
ministries for action. sed’ gratitude to torious performances.
3400/1082

50


JPRS+SSA=85-092
1 October 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

RACIST SOUTH AFRICAN POLICIES-=The United States and the EEC‘s current
reappraisal of their policies towards racist South Africa is examined
by the NATIONAL CONCORD. It says the moves have been precipitated

by recent developments in the racist enclave which, according to

the paper, signal more clearly than ever before the end of apartheid.
The CONCORD warns the United States and the EEC that this is not the
time for any palace measures aimed at salvaging apartheid. Instead,
the paper wants them to come up with initiatives that will demonstrate
a better reading of history and a deeper sense of realism. It points
out that their failure to pressurize the Pretoria regime towards a
speedy and peaceful change will only aggravate a violent revolution.
[Text] [Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 11 Sep 85]

LUANDA NONALIGNED MEETING--THE GUARDIAN highlights the significance of
the recent ministerial meeting of the Nonaligned Movement in Luanda,
Angola. The paper notes that apart from the prestige of hosting the
conference, President Dos Santos of Angola was given an opportunity

to acquaint delegates with the atrocities committed by the South
Africa-sponsored UNITA rebels against his country. It submits that
with the ongoing strife in South africa, the question of Namibian
independence and the problem of Third World food crisis high on the
summit's agenda, there could not have been a better choice than Luanda
for the conference. The appropriateness of this choice, THE GUARDIAN
says, has been vindicated by the election of Zimbabwe as the new
chairman of the movement for the next 2 years. [Text] [Lagos
International Service in English 0830 GMT 10 Sep 85]

CsO: 3400/1094

56


JPRS=SSA*854092
- 1 October 1985

7 BOTSWANA

TRADE TALKS WITH ZIMBABWE DESCRIBED AS POSITIVE

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 14 Aug 85 p 1

[ext

GABORONE: The threat that
stood on the way of millions
of Pula worth of trade
between Botswana and
Zimbabwe may soon die off
and be forgotten.

This follows the emergence
ofabrighter future for
Botswana's textile ifidustries
last week during trade talks
between Botswana and
Zimbabwe.

The talks which were held
in Harare, Zimbabwe on
August 8 and 9, were
described in a press release
from the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry as
having been held, “under very
friendly and constructive
atmosphere.”

Botswana's delegation to
the talks was led by
Commerce and Industry
Minister, Mr Moutlakgola
Nwako and Zimbabwe's
delegation by Mr O.M.
Munyaradzi - Minister of
Trade and Commerce.

CSO: 3400/1109

The meeting discussed
issues related to restrictions
of trade between the two
countries - and reviewed the
issue of the new rules of
origin intoduced by Harare
last year which adversely
affected Botswana's products
into the Zimbabwe market.

Said the release:
“Recognising Botswana's
problems and realising the
importance of cordial trade
relations between the two
friendly neighbours,
Zimbabwe agreed to
immediately reduce the local
content requirement under
the “New Rules of Origin” in
respect of clothing from 25
per cent to 20 per cent.”

“This measure,” explained
the release, “is expected to
resultina significant number
of Botswana's clothing firms
qualifying to export their
textiles to Zimbabwe.”

It added, “the Zimbabwean
Minister of Trade and
Commerce has agreed to
urgently review the level of
the clothing quota.

The Zimbabwean side has
also undertaken that in future
the level of the clothing quota
will be communicated to
Botswana timeously, said the
release.

Zimbabwe raised anumber
of issues relating to restricted
access of a number of their
products into Botswana
Market. And these include
maize meal and dairy
products.

The Botswana delegation
undertook to urgently take
up the matter with the relevant
authorities and communicate
to Zimbabwe thereafter, the
release further disclosed.

Last week the Ministry of
Agriculture disclosed that
plans were underway to
Introduce regulations to
restrict importation of milk
from neighbouring countries.


JPRS-SSA- 85-092

1 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG Technical Assistance for Water Supply Projects
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

12 Aug 85).ceccceccccvcccccccccccesssscssssceceseesscceces

FRG Technical, Fiscal Aid for Highway Projects
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

25 Jul 85) sccccccccccvccccccccccccccccesccccssccsceecesees

Addo on Development, Role of TNC’s, UNCTC
(Faustina Ashrifte; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Aug 85)....

BOTSWANA

Minister Discusses National Plan for 1985-1991
(DAILY NEWS, 29 Aug 85).ceccececcevens

Trade Talks With Zimbabwe Described as Positive
(DAILY NEWS, 14 Aug 85).cccecceccccsccccrccnscccccsceseces

Official Discusses Unemployment Situation
(Peter Maphangela; DAILY NEWS, 26 Aug 85)..eceeseeees

P38 Million Used on Rural Roads
(DAILY NEWS, 13 Aug 85).ccsessscccccccccuscssecseccccesece

Youth Back From Moscow
(Rampholo Molefhe; BOTSWANA GUARDIAN, 14 Aug 85)..cseeeeee

DJIBOUTI

Briefs
Agreements With France

10

il

12

13

14



JPRS*SSA*85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

AFKO MANAGEMENT MAKES PEACE MOVES
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Aug 85 p 8
[Article by Rose Hayford]

[Text] The management of AFKO Fisheries Company has assured the government
that all Korean crew on its vessels have been made to sign a ‘behaviour
contract’ which seeks to resolve good human relations with its Ghanaian
counterparts to prevent all forms of criminal incidents in future.

As part of the contract any form of fighting and threats is prohibited and
offenders would be handed over to the law enforcement agencies after which
they would be dismissed outright.

These were announced at a meeting between the management of the company
and a team of government representatives at Tema yesterday,

The team was made up of the acting Political Counsellor of CDRs, Miss

Doris Ocansey, Mr Dan Abodakpi, Special Assistant to the Political Counsel-
lor and Dr J.D. Oppong of the CDR Secretariat in-charge of the Western and
Central Regions.

Others were the Tema District Secretary, Mr Emmanuel Adjei-Annang, the
under Secretary for Youth and Sports, Mr Sam Nelson and the Tema District
Labour Officer, Mr G.G. Abrokwa.

They made a formal intervention in the incident in which a Ghanaian sailor
was stabbed by his Korean counterpart on the fishing vessel AFKO 306. The
team also found out what the management had so far done and what it
intends to do.

Addressing the meeting, Mr Abodakpi expressed the government's concern about
the incident and said the CDR National Secretariat has in recent weeks
received reports about the inhuman treatment meted out to Ghanaians working
with some expatriates,

He observed that such treatment does not promote cordial relations that
the government seeks to build.

31



"If the HNP is ready to participate, I want to tell it that there is in fact a
platform from which it can present its case. With 10 percent of the White vote
in the 1980 election, the HNP has more support than half the parties represented
in the government today. Their place is there.

"I therefore want to invite the HNP actually to do so," Mr Pretorius said. He
added that the NP was already talking to the HNP in other ways.

The pressure from the left to which Mr Marais referred has already made itself
felt in the very first session of the National Assembly, Non-White members,
especially those belonging to SWANU and SWAPO-D, urged then that representative
authorities be abolished at the second level. White schools, which are under
the control of white authorities, are one of the main targets of radical Blacks
in the National Assembly.

12906
csoO: 3401/304

73



Between January and March this year, the revenue from market tolls
averaged between 500,000.00 and ¢560,000.00 per month. In April, the
District Administrative Officer revised the procedure for revenue collec-
tion, resulting in an 80% increase. In May, the energetic Lt Rexford Adu
was appointed PNDC District Secretary for Techiman and in July the market
revenue topped ¢1 million.

In August all the council revenue collectors were assigned to collect basic
rates, artisan's fees, property rates and other forms of revenue, leaving
the market collection to a task force of students on vacation from the
universities, training colleges and sixth forms. The amounts collected

so far indicate that the August market revenue will be well over ¢2
million, not to speak of revenue from other sources.

According to Lt Adu, paying 50% of council wages. and salaries is no problem
as it only accounts for one-quarter of present revenue. When the time comes
for the district to take on the full 100% of its recurrent expenditure, it
will take only half of its revenue, even assuming that the revenue has not
in the meantime been further increased by more efficient collection. This
will leave the other half available for the development projects.

Meanwhile, what is happening to all this revenue? Materials have been
obtained and paid for to carry out a number of projects which will improve
the environment of Techiman and outlying towns, including re-roofing of
schools, construction of toilets, a slaughter house, culverts and bridges
to enable a freer circulation of heavy traffic on market days.

A massive onslaught on refuse dumps will begin shortly, together with a
six-month feeder road programme. Funds have been made available to the
GWSC to pump clean water for the town and this is being sold to the people
at a price lower than they were previously paying for untreated river
water. This will provide some relief until the Tanoso Water Project,
scheduled to be completed by the end of the year brings pipe borne water to
the town.

Urged on by the new atmosphere of efficiency, the Electricity Corporation
authorities have managed to improve the supply and citizens of Techiman

can now actually read a book at night--something which was almost impossible
until recently.

So other districts may complain--"But we haven't got a big prosperous
market." But they must look around and make the most of what they have,
and develop what they have not.

There are other districts’ success stories. The "Graphic" would like to

emphasise the positive cases, in the hope that these will encourage and
inspire the rest to get down to practical action.

cso: 3400/1082

9



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402. .

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



IJPRS+SSA=85-+092
1 October 1985

Further developments in Natal will thus be observed with great interest. The
regional system that may come into existence there need not necessarily be
copied exactly elsewhere, but it does hold promise of being a formative element
in a process of constitutional development geared to the country and its
people.

From Transvaal
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 16 Aug 85 p 12
(Editorial: "Natal Plan"]

[Text] Something is quietly going on in Natal that may be of decisive
importance for the future of the whole of South Africa. The Natal provincial
executive committee and the government of KwaZulu have just agreed to put
together a joint executive committee that may administer the whole province.
A proposal in this connection will now be submitted to the government.

The affairs of Natal and KwaZulu are so intertwined that one can scarcely
divide the two into watertight compartments. The most recent research
indicates, for example, that Durban is in reality a city of more than three
million inhabitants, of whom the majority live in those parts of KwaZulu that
border directly on the white municipal area.

The cooperation agreement between Natal and KwaZulu follows earlier initiatives
on the part of the influential Sugar Association and Inkatha and rests on the
entrenchment of each party's autonomy. The minister of political development
and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, has now given his blessing to it at the Natal
Congress of the National Party.

Such an accord on a regional basis between white and black political interests
may be an important signpost for the whole of South Africa. It has long been
apparent that an acceptable solution applicable to the whole country will be
hard to find. Because the country's problems differ from region to region, it
is much easier to find solutions on a regional basis and from there to build
up to representation in the central government.

What is now happening in Natal can only make it easier to create a South
Africa in which everyone can share.

12906
cso: 3401/283



U.S. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT POLICY HIT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Aug 85 p 3

[Article by Yaw Ohene Boafo:

[Text]

BEFORE the Reagan
Administration took of-
fice in the United State:
the previous admini:
tration, though sup-
porting South Africa,
appeared to be critical
of the human rights po-
licies of the raciet regi-
me.

‘The Reagari administra-
tion, on the contrary, hae
totally abandoned even
that token criticism of
apartheid. In effect, it has
been a bulwark of support
for the almost totally in-
ternationally isolated go-
vernment of South Africa.

Of course, the US has
not been alone in this. The
US has been backed by its
NATO allies, in particular
the conservative govern-
ments of Margaret
Thatcher and Helmut
Kohl in Britain and West
Germany respectively.

‘The recent events inside
South Africa itself have to
some extent changed the
operation of some coun-
tries in the Western allian-
ce as far as their southern
‘African policies are con-
cerned. But it can be said
that, in the main the We-
stern alliance has gone
along with American po-
licy of “constructive enga-
gement”.

On the surface of it,
“constructive engage-
ment” was sold by publi.
cists of the Reagan admi-
nistration as an alternative
to isolation and that it

cso: 3400/1082

would-éncourage thé clir
que in Pretoria to talk to
its neigbours in southern
Africa and the black majo-
rity in the apartheid regi-
me.

According to the sup-
porters of “constructive
engagement” it has the
advantage of encouraging
contacts between hostile
entities and thereby bring
to an end, the violence and
the confrontation in the
region.

“But in reality, “construc.
tive engagement” has beer
shown for what it
smoke screen behind which
Reagan and his supporters
have hidden and continue
to hide their true rela-
tionship with the criminal
clique in Pretoria. US go-
vernment policy has only
helped to perpetuate

rtheid’s inhuman grip
over the black majority
and thereby protects US
and Western interests, in-
cluding investments and

‘oday, “constructive
engagement” is almost in
ruing as far as initiating
reforms is concerned. The
racists have made both po-
litical and social life more
difficult for non-whites
and opponents of apart-
held, in South Africa.

‘or the past few weeks,
the world has witnessed
brutalities on an unprece-
dented-scale as the apart-
heid machine has sought to
crush black resistance with

43

"Destructive Engagement]

technological and militazy
might. Every black towns.
hip hes suffered death and
destruction from many
bullets from apartheid’s
war guns and every morn-
ing has brought in its wake
more mourning. This is the
situation that has been
spawned by US policy in’

jouth Africa. Is it any
‘wonder therefore that
many have labelled the
Reagan policy as “destruc-
tive engagement.”

Emboldened by such
support the racist govern-
ment continues to pursue.
its policy of regional hege-
monism, in spite of the
condemnation by the
OAU, the Non-aligned
Movement and the United
Nations. The South Afri-
cans in spite of the non-
aggression agreements
signed with their neigh-
bours, continue to destabi-
lize countries such as
Mozambique and Angola
and make military incur-
sions into Botswana, Zim-
babwe among others. This
South Atrican behaviour,
considered in the larger
geo-political context,
shows that it is acting as a
gendarme for American
interests in the region.

As everyone knows 8
state o: emergency has
been imposed in several

arts of South Africa. The
Bouth African police has
been unable to contain the
situation and therefore po-
lice functions have be
handed over to the mili-

JPRS+SSA*85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

tary which is headed by the
most extremist racist fac-
tion in South Africa. The
South African forces have
marshalled more than
200,000 soldiers against the
black population and even
the right wing press has
had to admit that the si-
tuation in the country
looks like a terrible war.

It appears that under
pressure from the most ex-
treme right wingers in his
‘own party, South African
President Botha has insti-
tuted what amounts to a
prologue to the establish-
ment of a rigid dictatorship
that will not tolerate op-
position even among whi-

‘“innerefore, as his been
seen, “constructive engag
ement” has not led ta the
release of a single political
risoner in South Africa; it

as not led to any major
reforms; and it has not
stopped South Africa from
invading the territories of
ite neighbours. What the
Thitd World countries and
Noraligned countries
should do is to condemn
the so-called policy of
“constructive engage-
ment” while calling for the
unconditional release of
Nelson Mandela and all
other political prisoners in
South Africa, independen-
ce for Namibia, and sup-
port for the struggles of the
people of South Africa and

jamibia under the respec-
tive leadership of the ANC
and SWAPO.



JPRS+SSA*85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

PEACE COUNCIL ORGANIZES SOLIDARITY RALLY
AB111911 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 11 Sep 85

{Excerpts] The Ghana Peace and Solidarity Council today organized a
solidarity rally at the Independence Square in Accra in support of the
just struggle of the people of southern Africa for their independence.
The rally was preceded by a route march through some of the principal
streets of Accra.

In a speech read for him, a member of the PNDC [Provisional National
Defense Council], Ebo Tawiah, observed that it is impossible to
establish lasting peace in the world without all peoples gaining

their freedom. He said the existence of apartheid in South Africa is
not only a threat to peace in Africa, but also to the whole world.

The PNDC member said the racist regime has nuclear capability and has
established itself as a regional superpower carrying acts of aggression
against Angola, Mozambique, and other Frontline States.

Ebo Tawiah called on members of the Armed Forces to increase their
vigilance to protect the national democratic revolution to enable the
government to carry out its economic recovery program.

A SWAPO representative, Mr Langa, who also spoke at the rally, said
SWAPO will leave no stone unturned until victory is achieved in Namibia.
He called for the unconditional release of all nationalists in various
prisons in southern Africa. On his part, a representative of the
Azania Students Union said force is the only language the racist

regime understands; he said the people of Azania will continue with

the struggle.

A leader of the Southern African Students Association in Ghana,
Nkrumah Musholenga, called for economic mandatory sanctions against
the white minority in Pretoria and the disbandment of the Interim
Government in Namibia, which has been illegally installed since June
of this year.

csO: 3400/1096

27



JPRS*SSA*85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

SEFWI-WIAWSO PEOPLE FINANCE PROJECTS
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 26 Aug 85 p 5
{Article by Veronica Bagos]

[Text] The people of Sefwi-Wiawso, Bekwai and Anhwiaso, and surrounding
areas in the Western Region are raising ¢5 million yearly through a special
levy of ¢20 on every kilogram of cash crop sold in the areas to finance
development projects.

The projects include the building of estate houses at Wiawso and Bibiani,
rehabilitation of school buildings and roads.

Mr P.K.K. Kwarteng, Sefwi District Secretary, announced this at the opening
session of the two-day Sefwiman Congress at Sefwi-Wiawso at the week-end.

He said 13 feeder roads in the area had already been rehabilitated by the
people through communal labour.

Mr Kwarteng said the government had started negotiations with the governments
of Japan, Federal Republic of Germany as well as the African Development

to finance the construction of some major trunk roads in the area to
facilitate easy transportation and mobility.

Opening the congress, Mr Ato Ahwoi, Secretary for the National Revenue
Secretariat, observed that the Sefwi area had lagged behind in all aspects
of life because of petty squabbles, apathy, litigation, rumour mongering
and all other negative and destructive tendencies.

The Secretary said although the government budgeted for an expenditure of
¢48 billion for this financial year, the total revenue to be collected
would amount to only ¢39 billion.

Mr Ahwoi, therefore, urged Ghanaians to take the development of their areas
up themselves.

cso: 3400/1082

36,


Duduza consists of 4,500 houses and a hostel population of 1,505 persons.

The residential area was proclaimed in 1964, but most of the residences are
still without electricity.

"Only a few rich persons have been able to afford electricity thus far.”

Duduza has 50 kilometers of streets, 10 of which are paved and are mainly
bus routes. The only street lighting has been installed on these routes.
A high mast illumination system has been built in the shopping center.

Two senior secondary schools (five higher primary and four lower primary)
have been built here. However, since the disorders began these schools
have been closed for most of the time.

At one time Duduza had about 20 general merchants, two slaughter houses
and a private liquor store (now burned down), but business is really at a
standstill.

The East Rand Development Council is now taking care of the administration
of the residential area, after the town council resigned in the midst of
the uproar. The last mayor, Mr Kebane Moloi, was arrested in compliance
with the state of emergency regulations.

The only enterprise which is doing good business, according to the spokes-
man, is the burial enterprise.

Under normal circumstances the town could also boast of a barbershop, two
night clubs, a movie house, a filling station and a drycleaner shop.

The telephone exchange is still working, but the post office has long been
burned down. The sports complex, which also has a soccer field and a
tennis court, is still being used, but the community hall has been burned
out.

"At the moment one of our big problems is the rebuilding of the officials
homes. Actually, without exceptions, the homes of every council member,
policeman, custodian and member of the administration, have been burned
down." This is what the spokesman said.

All along the streets one can see burned out vehicles and homes.

The spokesman stated that a plan is already underway for holding an election
as soon as possible so that a city council can be formed.

He also said: "Things must get back to normal as soon as possible.

Business premises, licenses and residences must be assigned, but without
a council these things cannot be done."

7964
cso: 3401/194

86


SUPPORT FOR SWAPO REAFFIRMED

JPRS*SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 pp 1, 4

[Text]

cso:

GHANA has reaffirmed
her total and unflinch-
ing support for the
South-West Africa
People’s Organisation
(SWAPO) and all the
gallant warriors and
people of Namibia who
are fighting to liberate
themselves fro.a the
shackles of imperia-
lism and colonialism.

‘A statement issued by
the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs to commemorate
Namibia Day which falls
today, noted that the ra-
cist South African regime's
continued refusal to grant
independence to Namibia
constitutes a blatant de-
fiance of the International
Court of Justice’s ruling of.
1971 declaring South Afri-'
ca’s occupation and admi-
nistration of that territory}
illegal. |

It said in spite of repeat.
ed attempts by the UN, the.
OAU, the Non-Aligned
“Movement and individual
governmental and non-
governmentalorganisa-
tions to put pressure on the
racist regime to relinquish
its hold on Namibi:
Afri
position there. 1

The statement pointed,
out that it has now become
quite evident that only a
concerted international

3400/1082

action in the form of total
economic sanctions will
compel the racist colonia-
list regime of South Africa
to terminate its illegal oc-
cupation of Namibia and
restore the administration
of that country to the
United Nations Council
for Namibia which has
been designated as the le-
gal Administering Autho-
nity since 1967.

t reiterated that the
UN Security Council Re-
solution 435 (1978) re-
mains the only acceptable
basis for a peaceful transi-
tion to independence in
Namibia and that unless it

that territory will conti-
nue.

In another development
the South-West Africa
People’s Organisation
(SWAPO) students in
Ghana in collaboration
with the Trades Union
Congress (TUC), Ghana at
the week held a solidarity
evening at the Internatio-
nal Students’ Hostel in
Accra to commemorate
Namibia Day, which falls"
today, reports Kodjo
Atsu.

_Tt marked the 19th year-
Of resistance by the
struggling peopwe of Nami-
bia when in 1966 they took

22

arms against the alien rule
of the notorious apartheid
regime of South Africa to
fight for their independen-

ce

In an address read by a
SWAPO student in Ghana,
Mr Nkrumah Mushelenga,
the students warned that
unless the Botha regime
acts decisively to secure i
withdrawal from Namibia,
and implements UNRevo-
lution 435 which spells out
independerfce for Namibia,
the people would have no
alternative but to intensify
the struggle until victory is
won,

Mr Nushelenga however
declared, “we do not love
bloodshed but when deal-
ing with a fascist and arro-

ant regime. like that of

jouth Africa which belie-
ves in violence and
bloodshed, we have to he
prepared to meet it on its
own terms”. He further
declared “we are confident
of the fact that Namibia
would be free either
through the bullet or the
ballot”

Solidarity messages
were read from the TUC,
New Democratic Move-
ment, June Four Move-
ment, and the All-African
Students Union (AASU).



JPRS*SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

oe SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL, KWAZULU AGREE ON JOINT RULE FOR WHOLE PROVINCE
Support from Cape

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Aug 85 p 18

(Editorial: "Cooperation in Natal"]

[Text] Yesterday's announcement by Minister Chris Heunis in Durban that the
government assents that the provincial council of Natal and the government of
kwaZulu may go ahead with their consultations about a body for joint decision
making is one of the most important recent developments in the struggle to
give black people a greater measure of participation in the management of the
country.

The provincial system is in any case due for comprehensive overhaul. This
will involve the abolition of provincial councils, but the retention of
administrators and executive committees, while a system of regional service
boards will be set up. To enable the new system to work effectively black
people will have to be involved in it, alongside the Whites, Coloreds and
Indians already engaged.

The most recent developments in Natal which, among other things have had the
result of drawing renewed attention to the report of the Buthelezi commission,
tally with the government's declared resolve that bodies be created in
different parts of the country that fit the needs of the region in question.

Natal and kwaZulu are both subdivided into a considerable number of fragments,
which causes great administrative problems. Good cooperation between the
province and the self-governing national state is thus imperative in this
region, which is blessed with a great many assets that can make it a highly
prosperous part of the country.

For a new arrangement of the kind envisaged in Natal and the proviso is made
that all the population groups concerned must be involved in the deliberations
to find an appropriate formula. This is clearly happening in the case of
Natal, and based on the benefits already derived from joint discussions, it
looks as though that province is en route to a formula that may open up a new
dimension.

87



(ADFAED) and the European Development Fund. After completing the planning
work, Gauff Ingenieure was also put in charge of construction supervision
of the asphalt highway Karbarnet-Tambach (39 km), to be completed in 1987.
At present, Gauff Ingenieure is also preparing the tender notice for the
construction of a 29-km, reinforced asphalt road in the Lamu district.
Offers by interested enterprises for the implementation of this project,
for which German financial assistance was asked (Reconstruction Loan
Corporation, Frankfurt), must be submitted by the end of September 1985.
In Zambia, Gauff Ingenieure was awarded a contract for drafting a study
for the construction of the Mutanda-Zambezi highway.

In recent months, Dr.-Ing, Walter GmbH and Co. KG International Diwi),
Essen, has become active in five African countries. In Equatorial Guinea,
it developed the design for the Mitoma-Cogo highway. In Ethiopia, it was
awarded supervision of the Tepi-Gore highway construction financed by the
African Development Fund, Abidjan (Ivory Coast), and in Cameroon,
preparation of a study of the city streets of Douala. Also in Cameroon,

as a consortium partner, it was awarded consulting tasks in the construction
of the Bafia-Tonga and Bafia~Bokito highways. In Mali, Diwi was included

in the Sienso-Sevare highway project. It assumed construction management

of this sector of National Route Nr. 6, 106 km long, and financed by the
European Development Fund. In Sierra Leone, Diwi is carrying out consulting
tasks for the Bo-Bandajuma highway project.

Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf, recently received orders from four African
countries. In Malawi, it was awarded the construction supervision of the
Nsanama-Nselema highway. The FRG granted a subsidy of DM 8.5 million for
the construction of this 34-km long sector of Highway S 56. In Senegal,
Gitec Consult GmbH was given consulting tasks in the construction of the
Diouloulou-Kansala highway. In the Sudan, the enterprise was included

in the maintenance work of the Juba-Wau highway in the south of the country,
and in Tanzania, in the construction of the Lusahunga-Bukombe highway.

Schroeder-Planung GmbH and Co. KG, Darmstadt, is involved in two projects

in Burkina Faso. One project concerns construction of the highway from
Banfora to the Ivory Coast border, for which the FRG, in the spring of

1985, raised its DM 32 million finance contribution by DM 2 million to DM
34 million. The additional funds are designated for new construction of the
border bridge at Leraba. The second project concerns extension of city
streets in Ouagadougou, to be subsidized by the FRG with DM 7.2 million.

In Uganda, Schroeder-Planung assumed construction supervision for city
streets in Kampala. In that country, as a consortium partner, it was also
awarded the preparation of a study concerning city planning. for Mbarara
and Masaka.

Dr Holfelder Planungsgesellschaft mbH, Freiburg/Breisgau, was included in
a highway project in Cameroon concerning new construction of the asphalt
highway Edea-Kribi (110 km in length, total width of 11 meters). It also
includes building two bridges of 200 m in length, each. This project is
to be financed by the FRG.

9917
csO: 3420/85


Even if sanctions become a reality, even if violence increases, we are not
going to stand still, We shall buckle ourselves down-with justified rage
and arm ourselves with the will to win.

There will be no yielding for us, because the right ef the Whites to exist
and continue to exist in South Africa is inalienable, it is not for sale
and it is not negotiable.

Because the cause for which we are fighting is neither unjust nor selfish,

Blacks and Whites will ultimately fight together against the forces of
prejudice and destruction.

7964
cso: 3401/278

58


JPRS+SSA+85*092
1 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RP LEADER REFUSES TO MERGE WITH NP
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 3
Article: "Dirk Doesn't Want to Merge"]

[Text] Mr Dirk Mudge, leader of the Republican Party in South West [Africa],
does not want to merge with the NP [National Party] of SWA--notwithstanding
hints in this direction from the NP,

During the recent congress of the Republican Party in Windhoek, Mr Mudge said
that if he were to promote White unity, he would have no argument if Blacks
also campaigned for unity of their own. His position is much closer to that
of some non-Whites than to that of some Whites, Mr Mudge said.

Mr Mudge's reference to uniting with the NP follows a recent speech by
Advocate Eben van Zijl, vice-chairman of the NP, in which he said that the NP
and the RP should hold talks to see if they could bring about greater white
unity. Ninety percent of the differences between the two parties can be re-
solved by means of negotiation. Advocate Van Zijl's statement has caused new
speculation about unification of the two parties. The caucuses of the two
parties have already been getting together on occasion since last year.

Advocate Van Zijl is universally regarded as leader of the left wing of the NP.

In the course of his speech Mr Mudge attacked Mr Pretorius and said that the
pronouncements and "dogmatic attitude" of the NP leader are not in the
interests of South West. Advocate Van Zijl was, however, praised in the same
breath by Mr Mudge. "I have not asked to merge with the NP-SWA. I would not
have been able to do so because I believe in political cooperation, not in
white cooperation. Why did we break away, after all?" Mr Mudge said.

The most important difference remaining between the NP and the RP is
Proclamation AG8, which entrenches the rights of representative authorities.
The NP apparently wishes to retain AG8, while the RP says it must be "changed."
During his speech to the congress Mr Mudge said that he did not defend the
proclamation because it is a mistake.

12906
cso: 3401/304

74


NR CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL INAUGURATED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Aug 85 p 8

{Article by Anthony Tawiah]

[Text]

cso:

3400/1082

THE Northern Regional
Consultative Council
has been inaugurated
with a call on members
to offer practical propo-
als to assist in the
search for solutions to
the economic problems
that confront the na-
tion.

A PNDC member, Al-
haji Mahama Iddrisu
made the call in Tamale
when he inaugurated the
council which is headed by
Mr J. A. Braimah, with Ai-
haji Gbadarifoshie, Nort-
hern Regional Di
Education as hi
has a membership of 4

The PNDC member
noted that with time, the
nation would render prac-
tical expression to the
ideals that motivated the
December 31 national de-
Mocratic revolution to in-
volve the various sections
of the community in the
decision-making process
and to broaden the pace of
the consultative process.

He emphasised that the
creation of the consultati-
ve council was another
proof of the goverriment's
determination to encoura-
ge mass participation in

44

the democratic process in
the interest of social justi-
ce and the right of all peo-
ple to live in freedom and
dignity.

Alhaji Iddrisu stated
that it is the aim of the
PNDC that Ghana would
move away from deficien-
cies ofthe past and forge a
system of government
which would not alienate
the people whose interests
it is supposed to serve.

He therefore cautioned
members not to compro-
mise with forces of reaction
and exploitation by resist-
ing the temptation of using
their membership to pro-
mote their persoaal or sec-
tional interest.

‘The PNDC member re-
minded them to work in
close relationship with the
Regional Administration
and other organs of the
revolution, since they are
all wor! towards a
common goal.

Addressing the meeting,
Mr Braimah assured the
government of the memb-
ers’ dedication and sel-
flessness to tackle the
challenge entrusted to
them.

JPRS=SSA=85+092
1 October 1985

GHANA



DEVELOPMENT OF FISH FARMING URGED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Aug 85 p 3

[Article by Christopher Gordon]

[Text]

THIS year marks the

tenth since the Food and
Agriculture Organiza-
tion (F.A.0.) “Sympo-
sium on Aquaculture in
Africa”, which was held
jn Accra. While many of
the other countries
which also participated
in the symposium have
made large strides in
aquaculture, Ghana, the
host nation, lies dor-
mant. What has hap-
pened to fish farming in
Ghana?

Before this question can
be answered one may ask,
what is the value of aqu:
culture at all? The answer
is simple. Protein defi-
ciency is one of the main
dietary probleme in Africa.
Ghana has contributed a
word “Kwashiokor” to the
international community
to describe serious cases.
Fish is one of the cheapest
forms of animal protein. It
ig therefore not surprising
that fish farming is hail
as a solution to the lack of
protein.

China, Austria, France,
Korea, Thailand, Israel
and even arid Kuwait have
all managed to be success-
ful in their aquaculture
programmes. Why is it
then that Ghana is lagging
behind? And more impor-
tantly what can we do to
improve the situatiow?

TRADITIONS
AND KNOW-HOW

__ Perhaps, one of the ma-
jor constraints is the lack
of a local fish farming tra-
dition. In Austria. there
are fish farms over 400
years old. In the Far East
techniques have been
handed down from father
to son, each generation
trying to improve the pro-
duction of the former. The
ap left by tradition in

ana can only be filled by
education.

This lack of technical
know-how has resulted in
fish ponds being badly

lanned, wrongly sited,
inefficiently constructed
and poorly managed.
Owners of the farms fail to
contact experts in the
planning stages and all too
often come seeking advice
only when they run into
problems.

The Fisheries Depart-
ment, the Institute of
Aquatic Biology and the
National Service Secreta
riat all have personnel a
tively working in aquacult-
ure. Unfortunately, in
most cases they are called
in only when the damage
has been done. This is

tly because they are too
few. There is a shortage of
trained production specia-
lists which is a major ob-
stacle to the development

46

JPRS*SSA=85=092
1 October 1985

GHANA

of aquaculture. The solu-
tion to this is therefore
training.
TRAINING AND
RESEARCH

‘The use of extension of-
ficers proved its worth with
the cocoa industry in Gha-
na. Cocoa, an exotic plant,
rapidly became the numb-
er one foreign exchange
earner. A lot of the credit
for this belongs to the ex-
tension officers who went
to the field to show farmers.
ithe most efficient way of
managing things. We can
not expect any dramatic
improvement in fish pro-
duction unless facilities tor
the training of aquaculture
personnel exists here in
Ghana.

We cannot have at ap:
propriate training pre
sramme unless we have 0"

adequate data based on

. the present state of affairs.

Information on existing
methods of production
must be collected and
compiled into a usable and
practical form. .
‘The Nile tilapia was in-
troduced into the Philippi-
nes in the late seventies.
Now the annual produc-
tion of tilapia from ponds
exceeds that of the annual
catch for all fish on the
Volta Lake. This rapid
growth was achieved by


A total of 29 Norwegian firms were registered as importers of commodities
from South Africa during the first 6 months of this year. Among these
firms, three industrial companies accounted for more than 80 percent of the
total import.

The export of paper and cardboard was reduced by 2.6 million kroner or 23
percent, to 8.7 million kroner during the first 6 months of this year. The
value of exported electrical machinery declined from 5.4 million kroner to
3.2 million kroner, i.e. a decline by 41 percent.

Total imports of silicon carbide from South Africa were 3.9 million kroner
during the first 6 months of this year, as against 8.9 million kroner last
year, i.e. a decline by 56 percent. Dried cod exports were reduced from
4.4 million kroner to 3.9 million kroner, i.e. a reduction by 11 percent.

The export of non-electrical machinery, chiefly machinery for paper and
cardboard processing, increased by 47 percent, from 16.3 million kroner to
24 million kroner during the first 6 months of this year. The export of
plastics increased by 15 percent, amounting to 4.5 million kroner during the
first 6 months, while the export of chemical products increased by 27 percent
to 3.3 million kroner.

The export of precious metals, which accounts for 75 percent of Norwegian
exports to South Africa, increased by 7 percent from 220 million kroner to
236 million kroner during the first 6 months of this year.

A total of 34 Norwegian firms sold commodities to South Africa during the
first 6 months of this year, and seven of these accounted for 87 percent of
the export.

The Department of Commerce and Shipping writes in a note that most of the
commodities in the trade with South Africa may be replaced in a transition
to other suppliers and markets.

Minister of Trade and Commerce Asbjgrn Haugstvedt promised in a press con-
ference at Gjgvik yesterday that the trade with South Africa will decline
further in the coming months.

When, as of the New Year, Falconbridge Nikkelverk [Nickel Works] at
Kristianssand, which exports cupro-nickel matte and precious metals, will
be cutting off its trade with South Africa, Norway's export to the country
will, at the same time, be reduced by 50 percent. "It is healthy sign
that the entire Norwegian population will participate in reducing the trade
and shipping with such an aggravatingly racist regime as the South African
one," Haugstvedt said.

As far as AFTENPOSTEN has learned, Minister of Trade and Commerce Haugstvedt
has personally asked a number of Norwegian enterprises to refrain from
applying for licenses. In the course of the fall, Haustvedt will introduce
new legislation in the Storting against trade with South Africa.

7262
CsO: 3498/9

90


According to him,
employment in the formal
manufacturing sector
between 1979 and 1984 grew
from 4625 to 10 896,
representing an increase of
more than 100 per cent over
five years.

He added that the number
of manufacturing firms aiso
increased from 88 In 1979 to
276 In 1984, an increase of
about 214 percent.

“However, ownership of
manufacturing enterprises
continued to be dominated
by foreigners. Batswana-
owned firms accounted for
only about 15 per cent of the
total number of firms in this
sector In 1984," sald Mr
Nwako.

3400/1109

He attributed this to the
fact that manufacturing was
a relatively new and skiil-
intensive type of business.
Another reason was that
shortage of skilled manpower
and managerial capabilities
was one of the main
constraints for Batswana.

Mr Nwako however
explained that by November
1984, the Rural Industrial
Officer cadre had assisted
about 3.500 producers in
upgrading their business and
technical skills. It was thereby
enhancing their income and
employment generating
capacities.