**To :**  **Cc: Bcc:**  **Subject: Re: Response to PM Data Request -Schreuder et al.** 

**From: "Tim Larson" <tlarson@u.washington.edu>**  **To: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA**  **Date: 05/19/2009 09:48 PM**  **Subject: Authors of recent U.S. and Canadian epidemiological studies evaluating health effects associated** 

**with exposure to fine and thoracic coarse particles REQUEST FOR PM AIR QUALITY DATA**

Beth,

Here are the PM2.5 summary statistics (ug/m3) for t he data used in the Schreuder et al paper. I have shown summary statis tics for only those years with complete data, as well as for the entire studyperiod. The sampling period was from 9/1/95 to 5/15/02.

Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 All Data

mean 11.8 12.6 11.0 9.2 10.3 9.7 10.8 95th 27.4 27.4 21.5 22.9 24.4 20.6 25.1 96th 28.1 28.2 23.1 23.7 25.1 21.6 26.1 97th 29.0 30.3 25.7 25.3 26.4 23.3 27.5 98th 31.5 32.2 31.1 26.8 27.1 25.0 29.6 99th 37.3 34.9 32.8 30.3 31.3 29.0 32.8 min 2.3 2.1 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.9 max 42.1 45.8 43.2 31.5 34.9 39.8 45.8

We used our own versatile air pollution sampler (VA PS). The data we collected daily over the period. We did not use any EPA data (not even sure there was any for some of this time). You could as k Candis Claiborn from WSU about that. She was the PI of the study.

Regards, Tim Larson

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Box 352700 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 > -------- Original Message -------- > Subject: TO: Authors of recent U.S. and Canad ian epidemiological > studies evaluating health effects associated withexposure to fine and > thoracic coarse particles REQUEST FOR PM AIR QUAL ITY DATA > Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 17:43:13 -0400 > From: Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov > To: aauchinc@umich.edu, adiezrou@umich.edu, a geyh@jhsph.edu, > Ahmad.hammoud@hsc.utah.edu, allenr@sfu.ca, avol@u sc.edu, > azanobet@hsph.harvard.edu, azeka@hsph.harvard.edu , Bostro@oehha.ca.gov, > brauer@interchange.ubc.ca, britz@ucla.edu, cap3@byu.edu, > ctrenga@uwashington.edu, ddockery@hsph.harvard.ed u,> diane

. gold @ channing

. harvard

. edu
, fdominic @ jhsph

. edu
,

> flipfert@suffolk.lib.ny.us, francine.laden@channi ng.harvard.edu, > frank@purdue.edu, fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu, gadamkie @hsph.harvard.edu, > gdiette@jhmi.edu, gillilan@usc.edu, gillilan@hsc. usc.edu, > goss@u.washington.edu, gwelleni@bidmc.harvard.edu
, > hgibson@hsph.harvard.edu, hollomanc@battelle.org, hsuh@hsph.harvard.edu, > janneane.gent@yale.edu, jdparker@cdc.gov, jennife r.peel@colostate.edu, > jenstrom@ucla.edu, jerrett@usc.edu, jimg@usc.edu, > jkoenig@u.washington.edu, joel@hsph.harvard.edu, joelk@u.washington.edu, > Josh.Millstein@noaa.gov, jpeters@hsc.usc.edu, jsa met@usc.edu, > jschwrtz@hsph.harvard.edu, Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu, kaz@env.med.nyu.edu, > kfung@uwindsor.ca, kuenzli@usc.edu, ling_liu@hc-s c.gc.ca, > llisabet@umich.edu, marieo@umich.edu, mark.goldbe rg@mcgill.ca, > mchimonas@msn.com, mfrankli@hsph.harvard.edu, mhu ynh@health.nyc.gov, > michelle.bell@yale.edu, mlipsett@dhs.ca.gov, mwil helm@ucla.edu, > Paul_Villeneuve@hc-sc.gc.ca, peters@gsf.de, phils ilkoff@hotmail.com, > ptolber@sph.emory.edu, rabinovitchn@njc.org, rbas u@jhsph.edu, > rdales@ohri.ca, rdelfino@uci.edu, redld@channing. harvard.edu, > richda@umdnj.edu, rick_burnett@hc-sc.gc.ca, rjkle mm@klemmanalysis.com, > rmcconne@hsc.usc.edu, rundell@marywood.edu, sadar @u.washington.edu, > sebelt@sph.emory.edu, seftim@jhsph.edu, Sheppard@ u.washington.edu, > sknutsen@llu.edu, skpark@hsph.harvard.edu, Sliu@u ottawa.ca, > steven.babin@jhuapl.edu, sungkyun@umich.edu, tlar son@u.washington.edu, > TOBYL@umich.edu, wilson.william@epa.gov, woodruff t@obgyn.ucsf.edu, > woodruff.tracey@epa.gov, ychen@uottawa.ca, yymeng @ucla.edu > CC: Martin.Karen@epamail.epa.gov, Stanek.Lind say@epamail.epa.gov, > Ross.Mary@epamail.epa.gov > References: > <OF8DA9965A.C9EE2A35-ON852575AA.00765793-852575AA .0076B8CF@LocalDomain>

>

>

> > Note: this request was resent to add a subject l ine to the original > email request.

> > Thank you in advance for your assistance with thi s important work.

> > Regards, > Beth

>

>

>

> > Beth > Hassett-Sipple/R > TP/USEPA/US To > Study Author s - AQ data request > 05/02/2009 05:36 cc > PM Lindsay Stan ek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, > Mary Ross/RT P/USEPA/US@EPA, Karen > Martin/RTP/U SEPA/US@EPA

> Subject

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

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>

> > To: Authors of recent U.S. and Canadian epidemio logical studies> evaluating health effects associated with exposure to fine and thoracic

> coarse particles

> > EPA is in the process of reviewing the natio nal ambient air > quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM). Important > components of this review include the preparationof an Integrated > Science Assessment (ISA) and a Risk and Exposure Assessment (REA). In > evaluating the epidemiological evidence in the IS A and in using this > information in the quantitative risk assessment p resented in the REA, it > is crucial to consider the air quality distributi ons from areas where > these studies were conducted to investigate assoc iations between PM and > health effects. Most epidemiological studies pro vide some information > on the distribution of ambient measurement data f or PM, however, > published information is often generally limited in scope and the > descriptive statistics reported vary from one stu dy to another.

> > In order to effectively place key epidemiolo gical studies in a > policy-relevant context, EPAâ??s Office of Air Qu ality Planning and > Standards (OAQPS) and National Center for Environmental Assessment > (NCEA) are jointly contacting you to request spec ific information on the > distribution of the air quality data for PM2.5 an d/or PM10-2.5 used in > your studies. These data will provide important information as NCEA > develops the second draft ISA and OAQPS develops the first draft REA. > The final ISA and REA together with a policy asse ssment will inform > EPAâ??s decision making process and the basis for recommendations that > the > Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) w ill make to the EPA > Administrator regarding whether to retain or modi fy the PM NAAQS.

> > Specifically, we are interested in receiving the following > descriptive statistics on the air quality data us ed in your study (see > reference list below):

> > A. For studies evaluating mortality and morbidityeffects associated > with long-term PM2.5 ambient concentrations, pl ease provide the > following:

> > o mean of the ambient PM2.5 mean concentra tions across cities > reported in the study for the time periodevaluated in the > study > o range (high-to-low) of the city-specific means across all > cities or locations > o in addition, include where applicable, th e above air quality > information differentiated by: > specific individual years, if multi ple years were > evaluated > season, as defined in the study > region, as defined in the study (e. g., east-west) > o if your study considered air quality data from multiple > monitors in a city, please also include t he above information > for the HIGHEST reporting monitor within each city; this will > facilitate our assessment of the current annual PM2.5 NAAQS and > any alternative standards that may be con sidered

> > B. For multi-city studies evaluating mortality a nd/or morbidity effects > associated with short-term PM2.5 and/or PM10-2. 5 concentrations, > please provide the following:

> > o mean; 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, and 99th pe rcentile values; and > minimum and maximum values (each as the a verage across modeled > cities - e.g., average of the 98th percen tile values across the > cities evaluated) > o range (high to low) of city-specific 98thpercentile values > across all cities> o in addition
, include where applicable
, the above air quality

> information differentiated by: > specific individual years, if multi ple years were > evaluated > region, as defined in the study (e. g., east-west) > o please also include the following informa tion for the HIGHEST > reporting monitor within each city; this will facilitate our > assessment of the current 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS and any > alternative standards that may be conside red > 98th and 99th percentile of the 24- hour concentrations > for each city > annual mean concentration for each city > average 98th and 99th percentile of 24-hour > concentrations across cities > range (high to low) of 98th and 99t h percentile > concentrations across cities > in addition, include where applicab le, the above air > quality information differentiated by: > specific individual years, if multiple years were > evaluated > region, as defined in the stu dy (e.g., east-west) > o in addition, we would ask that you identi fy the air quality > monitors used, unless these monitors are identified already in > the study publication

> > C. For single-city studies evaluating mortality a nd morbidity effects > associated with short-term PM2.5 ambient concen trations, please > provide the following information:

> > o information requested in B above for the one city evaluated

> > Please note, this request is for informationon the distribution > of air quality data for PM2.5 used in your studie s. It is important to > emphasize that we are not requesting health data. In addition, we are > not requesting raw air quality data, but rather i nformation on the > distribution of the data. However, if you would prefer to send the > entire air quality data set for us to compute the descriptive statistics > that would also be acceptable. Please be aware t hat your responses, > together with whatever data you provide, will be placed in our public > docket.

> > We recognize that you are all very busy. We know that it may take > some time to respond to our request, but we wouldbe extremely grateful > if you could provide us with these additional dat a. The information you > provide is likely to play an important role in th e current review of the > PM NAAQS. Our current schedule includes NCEA pre paring a second draft > ISA for CASAC and public review by the end of Jul y and OAQPS preparing a > first draft REA for CASAC and public review by ea rly September. In > order to use the requested information in prepari ng these documents, we > ask that you provide them to us by May 22, 2009. If you are not able to > meet this date, we ask that you provide, if possi ble, an alternate date > by which you could prepare the requested informat ion.

> > References for U.S. and Canadian studies for which we are > requesting air quality data for fine and coarse f raction PM are listed > below. In most cases, the first author is also l isted as the contact > for correspondence; however, where another author is indicated as the > corresponding author, we have listed that name at the end of the > reference and will follow up with that author. W e will follow this > email message with a telephone call in the next f ew days to address any > questions you might have regarding this request. If you have already > provided NCEA and/or OAQPS with additional air qu ality data in response > to earlier requests, we thank you, and we will ve rify that we have > received the requested data when we call. Please contact us at any time> if you have any questions

. You may reach Dr

. Lindsay Stanek
, NCEA , at

> 919 541-7792, stanek.lindsay@epa.gov or Beth Hass ett-Sipple, OAQPS, at > 919 541-4605, hassett-sipple.beth@epa.gov.

> > Thank you in advance for your assistance.

> > Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Lindsay Wiche rs Stanek, PhD > Environmental Health Scientist P hysical Scientist > OAQPS NCEA-RTP

>
> . > STUDY CITATIONS

> > Adamkiewicz, G., S. Ebelt, et al. (2004). "Associ ation between air > pollution exposure and exhaled nitric oxide in anelderly population." > Thorax 59(3): 204-209.

> > Adar, S. D., D. R. Gold, et al. (2007). "Focused exposure to airborne > traffic particles and heart rate variability in t he elderly." > Epidemiology 18: 95-103.

> > Allen, R. W., M. H. Criqui, et al. (in press). "F ine particulate air > pollution, proximity to traffice, and aortic athe rosclerosis: The > Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis." Epidemiol ogy,.

> > Auchincloss, A. H., A. V. Roux, et al. (2008). "A ssociations between > Recent Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matte r and Blood Pressure in > the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). " Environ Health > Perspect 116(4): 486-91.

> > Avol, E. L., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2001). "Res piratory effects of > relocating to areas of differing air pollution le vels." Am J Respir Crit > Care Med 164(11): 2067-72.

> > Babin, S. M., H. S. Burkom, et al. (2007). "Pedia tric patient > asthma-related emergency department visits and admissions in Washington, > DC, from 2001-2004, and associations with air qua lity, socio-economic > status and age group." Environ Health 6: 9.

> > Basu, R., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2004). "Compari ng exposure metrics in > the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight i n California." J Expo > Anal Environ Epidemiol 14(5): 391-6.

> > Bell, M. L., K. Ebisu, et al. (2007). "Ambient ai r pollution and low > birth weight in Connecticut and Massachusetts." E nviron Health Perspect > 115(7): 1118-24.

> > Bell, M. L., K. Ebisu, et al. (2008). "Seasonal a nd regional short-term > effects of fine particles on hospital admissions in 202 U.S. counties, > 1999-2005." Am J Epidemiol. In Press.

> > Burnett, R. T., D. Stieb, et al. (2004). "Associa tions between > short-term changes in nitrogen dioxide and mortal ity in Canadian > cities." Arch Environ Health 59(5): 228-36.

> > Chen, L. H., S. F. Knutsen, et al. (2005). "The a ssociation between > fatal coronary heart disease and ambient particul ate air pollution: Are > females at greater risk?" Environ Health Perspect 113(12): 1723-9. > (contact: Dr. Synmore Knutsen)

> > Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2005). "The effect of coarse ambient > particulate matter on first, second, and overall hospital admissions for > respiratory disease among the elderly." Inhal Tox icol 17(12): 649-55.

>> Chen
, Y

. , Q

. Yang , et al . ( 2004 ). " Influence of relatively low level of

> particulate ar pollution on hospitalization for C OPD in elderly people." > Inhal Toxicol 16(1): 21-5.

> > Chimonas, M. A. and B. D. Gessner (2007). "Airbor ne particulate matter > from primarily geologic, non-industrial sources a t levels below National > Ambient Air Quality Standards is associated with outpatient visits for > asthma and quick-relief medication prescriptions among children less > than 20 years old enrolled in Medicaid in Anchora ge, Alaska." Environ > Res. 103(3): 397-404.

> > Dales, R. (2004). "Ambient carbon monoxide may in fluence heart rate > variability in subjects with coronary artery dise ase." J Occup Environ > Med 46(12): 1217-21.

> > Dales, R., L. Liu, et al. (2007). "Particulate ai r pollution and > vascular reactivity: the bus stop study." Interna tional Archives of > Occupational and Environmental Health 81(2): 159- 164.

> > Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2006). "Perso nal and ambient air > pollution is associated with increased exhaled ni tric oxide in children > with asthma." Environ Health Perspect 114(11): 17 36-43.

> > Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2008). "Perso nal and ambient air > pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with > asthma." Environmental Health Perspectives. 116(4 ): 550-558.

> > DeMeo, D. L., A. Zanobetti, et al. (2004). "Ambie nt air pollution and > oxygen saturation." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 (4): 383-7.

> > Diez Roux, A. V., A. H. Auchincloss, et al. (2006 ). "Recent exposure to > particulate matter and C-reactive protein concent ration in the > multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis." Am J Epid emiol 164(5): 437-48.

> > Diez Roux, A. V., A. H. Auchincloss, et al. (2008 ). "Long-term exposure > to ambient particulate matter and prevalence of s ubclinical > atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Athe rosclerosis." Am J > Epidemiol 167(6): 667-75.

> > Dockery, D. W. and B. Brunekreef (1996). "Longitu dinal studies of air > pollution effects on lung function." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(6 Pt > 2): S250-6.

> > Dockery, D. W., H. Luttmann-Gibson, et al. (2005) . "Association of air > pollution with increased incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias > recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators ." Environ Health > Perspect 113(6): 670-4.

> > Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, et al. (2006). "Fine pa rticulate air pollution > and hospital admission for cardiovascular and res piratory diseases." > Jama 295(10): 1127-34.

> > Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, et al. (2007). "Particu late air pollution and > mortality in the United States: did the risks cha nge from 1987 to 2000?" > Am J Epidemiol 166(8): 880-8.

> > Dubowsky, S. D., H. Suh, et al. (2006). "Diabetes , obesity, and > hypertension may enhance associations between air pollution and markers > of systemic inflammation." Environ Health Perspec t, 114: 992-998. > (Contact: Dr. S. Dubowsky Adar)

> > Ebelt, S. T., W. E. Wilson, et al. (2005). "Expos ure to ambient and > nonambient components of particulate matter: a co mparison of health > effects." Epidemiology, 16(3): 396-405. (Contact: Dr. Michael Brauer)>

> Eftim, S. E., J. M. Samet, et al. (2008). "Fine p articulate matter and > mortality: a comparison of the six cities and Ame rican Cancer Society > cohorts with a medicare cohort." Epidemiology, 19 (2): 209-16. (contact > Dr. Francesca Dominici)

> > Enstrom, J. E. (2005). "Fine particulate air poll ution and total > mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002." Inhal Toxicol. 17(14): > 803-16..

> > Franklin, M., A. Zeka, et al. (2007). "Associatio n between PM2.5 and > all-cause and specific-cause mortality in 27 US c ommunities." J Expo Sci > Environ Epidemiol. 17(3): 279-87.

> > Fuentes, M., H. R. Song, et al. (2006). "Spatial association between > speciated fine particles and mortality." Biometri cs., 62(3): 855-63.

> > Fung, K. Y., S. Khan, et al. (2006). "Associationbetween air pollution > and multiple respiratory hospitalizations among t he elderly in > Vancouver, Canada." Inhal Toxicol 18(13): 1005-11

.. > > Gauderman, W. J., E. Avol, et al. (2004). "The ef fect of air pollution > on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age." N Engl J Med. 351(11): > 1057-67.

> > Gauderman, W. J., G. F. Gilliland, et al. (2002). "Association between > air pollution and lung function growth in souther n California children: > results from a second cohort." Am J Respir Crit C are Med 166(1): 76-84.

> > Gauderman, W. J., R. McConnell, et al. (2000). "A ssociation between air > pollution and lung function growth in southern Ca lifornia children." Am > J Respir Crit Care Med 162(4 Pt 1): 1383-90.

> > Gauderman, W. J., H. Vora, et al. (2007). "Effect of exposure to traffic > on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study." Lancet > 369(9561): 571-7.

> > Gent, J. F., E. W. Triche, et al. (2003). "Associ ation of low-level > ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptom s in children with > asthma." Jama, 290(14): 1859-67..

> > Gold, D. R., A. A. Litonjua, et al. (2005). "Air pollution and > ST-segment depression in elderly subjects." Envir on Health Perspect 113 > (7): 883-7.

> > Goldberg, M. S., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2003). "A ssociations between > ambient air pollution and daily mortality among p ersons with congestive > heart failure." Environ Res. 91(1): 8-20.

> > Goldberg, M. S., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2006). "A ssociations between > ambient air pollution and daily mortality among p ersons with diabetes > and cardiovascular disease." Environ Res. 100(2): 255-67.

> > Goss, C. H., S. A. Newsom, et al. (2004). "Effect of ambient air > pollution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung fun ction in cystic > fibrosis." Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169(7): 816 -21.

> > Hammoud, A., D. T. Carrell, et al. "Decreased spe rm motility is > associated with air pollution in Salt Lake City." Fertility and > Sterility In Press, Corrected Proof.

> > Holloman, C. H., S. M. Bortnick, et al. (2004). " A Bayesian hierarchical > approach for relating PM(2.5) exposure to cardiov ascular mortality in > North Carolina." Environ Health Perspect 112(13): 1282-8.>

> Huynh, M., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2006). "Relati onships between air > pollution and preterm birth in California." Paedi atr Perinat Epidemiol > 20(6): 454-61.

> > Islam, T., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2007). "Relat ionship between air > pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescent s." Thorax 62(11): > 957-63. (contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)

> > Islam, T., R. McConnell, et al. (2007). "Ozone, O xidant Defense Genes > and Risk of Asthma During Adolescence." American Journal of Respiratory > and Critical Care Medicine: 200706. (Contact: Dr . Frank Gilliland)

> > Ito, K., G. D. Thurston, et al. (2007). "Characte rization of PM2.5, > gaseous pollutants, and meteorological interactio ns in the context of > time-series health effects models." J Expo Sci En viron Epidemiol 17 > Suppl 2: S45-60.

> > Janes, H., F. Dominici, et al. (2007). "Trends inair pollution and > mortality: an approach to the assessment of unmea sured confounding." > Epidemiology. 18(4): 416-23. (contact: Dr. Franc esca Dominici)

> > Jansen, K. L., T. V. Larson, et al. (2005). "Asso ciations between health > effects and particulate matter and black carbon i n subjects with > respiratory disease." Environmental health perspe ctives 113: 1741-1746. > (Contact: Jane Koenig)

> > Jerrett, M., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2005). "Spati al analysis of air > pollution and mortality in Los Angeles." Epidemio logy 16(6): 727-36.

> > Kim, J. J., S. Smorodinsky, et al. (2004). "Traff ic-related air > pollution near busy roads: the East Bay Children' s Respiratory Health > Study." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(5): 520-6. (Contact: Dr, Bart > Ostro)

> > Klemm, R. J., F. W. Lipfert, et al. (2004). "Dail y mortality and air > pollution in Atlanta: two years of data from ARIE S." Inhal Toxicol 16 > Suppl 1: 131-41.

> > Koenig, J. Q., K. Jansen, et al. (2003). "Measure ment of offline exhaled > nitric oxide in a study of community exposure to air pollution." > Environmental Health Perspectives 111(13): 1625-9

. > > Koenig, J. Q., T. F. Mar, et al. (2005). "Pulmona ry effects of indoor- > and outdoor-generated particles in children with asthma." Environ Health > Perspect 113(4): 499-503.

> > Kuenzli, N., M. Jerrett, et al. (2005). "Ambient air pollution and > atherosclerosis in Los Angeles." Environ Health P erspect, 113(2): 201-6.

> > Laden, F., J. Schwartz, et al. (2006). "Reductionin fine particulate > air pollution and mortality: Extended follow-up o f the Harvard Six > Cities study." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(6): 667-72.

> > Lewis, T. C., T. G. Robins, et al. (2005). "Air p ollution-associated > changes in lung function among asthmatic childrenin Detroit." > Environmental Health Perspectives. 113(8): 1068-7 5.

> > Lipfert, F., R. Wyzga, et al. (2006). "Traffic de nsity as a surrogate > measure of environmental exposures in studies of air pollution health > effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US ve terans." Atmospheric > Environment 40: 154-169.

> > Lipsett, M. J., F. C. Tsai, et al. (2006). "Coars e particles and heart> rate variability among older adults with coronary a rtery disease in the

> Coachella Valley, California." Environ Health Per spect 114(8): > 1215-1220.

> > Lisabeth, L. D., J. D. Escobar, et al. (2008). "Ambient air pollution > and risk for ischemic stroke and transient ischem ic attack." Ann Neurol > 64(1): 53-9.

> > Liu, L., R. Poon, et al. (2009). "Acute effects o f air pollution on > pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and oxid ative stress in > asthmatic children." Environmental Health Perspec tives 117(4): 668â??674.

> > Liu, S., D. Krewski, et al. (2007). "Association between maternal > exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnan cy and fetal growth > restriction." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17(5): 426-32.

> > Luttmann-Gibson, H., H. Suh, et al. (2006). "Shor t-term effects of air > pollution on heart rate variability in senior adu lts in Steubenville, > Ohio." J Occup Environ Med, 48: 780-788.

> > Mar, T. F., J. Q. Koenig, et al. (2005). "Fine pa rticulate air pollution > and cardiorespiratory effects in the elderly." Ep idemiology 16(5): > 681-7. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig).

> > Mar, T. F., T. V. Larson, et al. (2004). "An anal ysis of the association > between respiratory symptoms in subjects with ast hma and daily air > pollution in Spokane, Washington." Inhal Toxicol. 16(13): 809-15. > (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig)

> > McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (1999). "Air po llution and bronchitic > symptoms in southern California children with ast hma." Environmental > Health Perspectives 107(9): 757-760.

> > McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2003). "Prospe ctive study of air > pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children wit h asthma." Am J Respir > Crit Care Med, 168(7): 790-7.

> > McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2006). "Dog ow nership enhances > symptomatic responses to air pollution in childre n with asthma." > Environmental health perspectives 114(12): 1910.

> > McCormack, M. C., P. N. Breysse, et al. (2009). " In-Home Particle > Concentrations and Childhood Asthma Morbidity." E nvironmental health > perspectives 117(2): 294. (Contact: Dr Gregory Di etle).

> > Meng, Y. Y., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Traffic and outdoor air > pollution levels near residences and poorly contr olled asthma in > adults." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 98(5): 455-63

. > > Metzger, K. B., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2004). "Ambient air pollution and > cardiovascular emergency department visits." Epid emiology 15(1): 46-56. > (Contact: Dr. Paige Tolbert)

> > Metzger, K. B., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2004). "Ambient air pollution and > cardiovascular emergency department visits." Epid emiology 15(1): 46-56. > (Contact: Dr. Paige Tolbert)

> > Miller, K. A., D. S. Siscovick, et al. (2007). "L ong-term exposure to > air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular eve nts in women." N Engl J > Med., 356(5): 447-58. (Contact: Dr. Joel Kaufman )

> > Millstein, J., F. Gilliland, et al. (2004). "Effe cts of ambient air > pollutants on asthma medication use and wheezing among fourth-grade > school children from 12 Southern California commu nities enrolled in The> Children ' s Health Study ." Arch Environ Health 59 ( 10 ): 505

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.

> > Oâ??Neill, M. S., A. V. Diez-Roux, et al. (2007). "Airborne particulate > matter exposure and urinary albumin excretion: Th e Multi-Ethnic Study of > Atherosclerosis." Occup Environ Med.

> > O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2007). "Air pol lution and inflammation > in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibilit y." Occup Environ Med. > 64(6): 373-379.

> > O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2005). "Diabete s enhances > vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associ ated impairment in > vascular reactivity and endothelial function." Ci rculation 111(22): > 2913-20.,

> > Ostro, B., R. Broadwin, et al. (2006). "Fine part iculate air pollution > and mortality in nine California counties: result s from CALFINE." > Environ Health Perspect 114(1): 29-33.

> > Ostro, B., W. Y. Feng, et al. (2007). "The effect s of components of fine > particulate air pollution on mortality in califor nia: results from > CALFINE." Environ Health Perspect 115(1): 13-9.

> > Ostro, B., W. Y. Feng, et al. (2008). "The Impact of Components of Fine > Particulate Matter on Cardiovascular Mortality inSusceptible > Subpopulations." Occup Environ Med.

> > Park, S. K., M. S. O'Neill, et al. (2005). "Effec ts of air pollution on > heart rate variability: The VA Normative Aging St udy." Environ Health > Perspect 113: 304-309.

> > Park, S. K., M. S. O'Neill, et al. (2008). "Traff ic-related particles > are associated with elevated homocysteine: the VAnormative aging > study." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178(3): 283-9.

> > Parker, J. D., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2005). "Ai r pollution and birth > weight among term infants in California." Pediatr ics 115(1): 121-8.

> > Peel, J. L., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2005). "Ambie nt air pollution and > respiratory emergency department visits." Epidemi ology 16(2): 164-74.

> > Peters, A., D. W. Dockery, et al. (2001). "Increa sed particulate air > pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarc tion." Circulation 103 > (23): 2810-5..

> > Peters, J. M., E. Avol, et al. (1999). "A study o f twelve Southern > California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. > I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity." Am J Res pir Crit Care Med 159 > (3): 760-7.

> > Pope, C. A., 3rd, R. T. Burnett, et al. (2004). " Cardiovascular > mortality and long-term exposure to particulate a ir pollution: > epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiolo gical pathways of > disease." Circulation, 109(1): 71-7.

> > Pope, C. A., M. L. Hansen, et al. (2004). "Ambien t particulate air > pollution, heart rate variability, and blood mark ers of inflammation in > a panel of elderly subjects." Environ Health Pers pect 112: 339-345.

> > Pope, C. A., 3rd, J. B. Muhlestein, et al. (2006) . "Ischemic heart > disease events triggered by short-term exposure t o fine particulate air > pollution." Circulation, 114(23): 2443-8.

> > Rabinovitch, N., M. Strand, et al. (2006). "Parti culate levels are> associated with early asthma worsening in children with persistent

> disease." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(10): 1098 -105.

> > Rabinovitch, N., L. Zhang, et al. (2004). "Effect s of wintertime ambient > air pollutants on asthma exacerbations in urban m inority children with > moderate to severe disease." J Allergy Clin Immun ol 114(5): 1131-7.

> > Rich, D. Q., K. Demissie, et al. (2009). "Ambient air pollutant > concentrations during pregnancy and the risk of f etal growth > restriction." J Epidemiol Community Health: jech. 2008.082792.

> > Rich, D. Q., R. S. Freudenberger, et al. (2008). "Right heart pressure > increases after acute increases in ambient partic ulate concentration." > Environ Health Perspect 116(9): 1167-71.

> > Rich, D. Q., M. H. Kim, et al. (2006). "Associati on of ventricular > arrhythmias detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator and > ambient air pollutants in the St Louis, Missouri metropolitan area." > Occup Environ Med. 63(9): 591-6. (Contact: Dr. D oug Dockery)

> > Rich, D. Q., J. Schwartz, et al. (2005). "Associa tion of short-term > ambient air pollution concentrations and ventricu lar arrhythmias." Am J > Epidemiol. 161(12): 1123-32. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery)

> > Rich, K. E., J. Petkau, et al. (2004). "A case-cr ossover analysis of > particulate air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia in patients with > implantable cardioverter defibrillators." Inhal T oxicol 16(6-7): 363-72. > (Contact: Dr. Michael Brauer)

> > Ritz, B., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Ambient air pollution and preterm > birth in the environment and pregnancy outcomes s tudy at the University > of California, Los Angeles." Am J Epidemiol 166(9 ): 1045-52.

> > Rosenthal, F. S., J. P. Carney, et al. (2008). "O ut-of-hospital cardiac > arrest and airborne fine particulate matter: a ca se-crossover analysis > of emergency medical services data in Indianapoli s, Indiana." Environ > Health Perspect 116(5): 631-6.

> > Rundell, K. W., J.R. Hoffman, R. Caviston, R. Bul bulian, A.M. Hollenbach > (2007). "Inhalation of ultrafine and fine particu late matter disrupts > systemic vascular function." Inhalation Toxicolog y 19: 133-140.

> > Sarnat, S. E., H. H. Suh, et al. (2006). "Ambient particulate air > pollution and cardiac arrhythmia in a panel of ol der adults in > Steubenville, Ohio." Occup Environ Med 63(10): 70 0-706.

> > Schreuder, A. B., T. V. Larson, et al. (2006). "Ambient woodsmoke and > associated respiratory emergency department visit s in Spokane, > Washington." Int J Occup Environ Health 12(2): 14 7-53. (Contact: Dr. > Tim Larson)

> > Schwartz, J., S. K. Park, et al. (2005). "Glutath ione-S-Transferase M1, > Obesity, Statins, and Autonomic Effects of Partic les: > Gene-by-Drug-by-Environment Interaction." Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. > 172(12): 1529-1533.

> > Silkoff, P. E., L. Zhang, et al. (2005). "Winter air pollution and > disease parameters in advanced chronic obstructiv e pulmonary disease > panels residing in Denver, Colorado." J Allergy C lin Immunol 115(2): > 337-44.

> > Slaughter, J. C., E. Kim, et al. (2005). "Associa tion between > particulate matter and emergency room visits, hos pital admissions and > mortality in Spokane, Washington." J Expo Anal En viron Epidemiol 15(2):> 153

- 9 . ( Contact : Dr

. Lianne Sheppard )

> > Slaughter, J. C., T. Lumley, et al. (2003). "Effe cts of ambient air > pollution on symptom severity and medication use in children with > asthma." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91(4): 346-53 . (Contact: Dr. Lianne > Sheppard)

> > Sullivan, J., N. Ishikawa, et al. (2003). "Exposu re to Ambient Fine > Particulate Matter and Primary Cardiac Arrest amo ng Persons With and > Without Clinically Recognized Heart Disease." Am. J. Epidemiol. 157(6): > 501-509.

> > Sullivan, J., L. Sheppard, et al. (2005). "Relati on between short-term > fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myo cardial infarction." > Epidemiology, 16(1): 41-8.

> > Sullivan, J. H., R. Hubbard, et al. (2007). "A co mmunity study of the > effect of particulate matter on blood measures of inflammation and > thrombosis in an elderly population." Environ Hea lth., 6: 3.

> > Symons, J. M., L. Wang, et al. (2006). "A Case-Cr ossover Study of Fine > Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Onset of Con gestive Heart Failure > Symptom Exacerbation Leading to Hospitalization." Am J Epidemiol. > (contact: Dr. A. Geyh)

> > Tolbert, P. E., M. Klein, et al. (2007). "Multipo llutant modeling issues > in a study of ambient air quality and emergency d epartment visits in > Atlanta." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17: S29-S3 5.

> > Trenga, C. A., J. H. Sullivan, et al. (2006). "Ef fect of particulate air > pollution on lung function in adult and pediatric subjects in a Seattle > panel study." Chest 129(6): 1614-22.,

> > Villeneuve, P. J., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2003). "A time-series study of > air pollution, socioeconomic status, and mortalit y in Vancouver, > Canada." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 13(6): 427 -35.

> > Villeneuve, P. J., L. Chen, et al. (2006). "Assoc iations between outdoor > air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke in Edmonton, > Canada." Eur J Epidemiol 21(9): 689-700.

> > Wellenius, G. A., G. Y. Yeh, et al. (2007). "Effe cts of ambient air > pollution on functional status in patients with c hronic congestive heart > failure: a repeated-measures study." Environ Heal th 6: 26.

> > Wheeler, A., A. Zanobetti, et al. (2006). "The re lationship between > ambient air pollution and heart rate variability differs for individuals > with heart and pulmonary disease." Environ HealthPerspect 114(4): > 560-6. (Contact: Dr. Helen Suh)

> > Wilhelm, M. and B. Ritz (2005). "Local variations in CO and particulate > air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in Los Angeles County, > California, USA." Environ Health Perspect 113(9): 1212-21. (Contact: > Dr. B. Ritz)

> > Wilson, W. E., T. F. Mar, et al. (2007). "Influen ce of exposure error > and effect modification by socioeconomic status o n the association of > acute cardiovascular mortality with particulate m atter in Phoenix." J > Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17(2s): S11.

> > Woodruff, T. J., L. A. Darrow, et al. (2008). "Ai r pollution and > postneonatal infant mortality in the United State s, 1999-2002." Environ > Health Perspect 116(1): 110-115.

>> Woodruff
, T

. J

. , J

. D

. Parker
, et al . ( 2006 ). " Fine particulate

> matter(PM2.5) air pollution and selected causes o f postneonatal infant > mortality in California." Environ Health Perspect 114(5): 786-790.

> > Yang, Q., Y. Chen, et al. (2004). "Association be tween particulate air > pollution and first hospital admission for childh ood respiratory illness > in Vancouver, Canada." Arch Environ Health 59(1): 14-21.

> > Yeatts, K., E. Svendson, et al. (2007). "Coarse p articulate matter > (PM10-2.5) affects heart rate variability, blood lipids, and circulating > eosinophils in adults with asthma." EHP 115: 709- 714.,

> > Zanobetti, A., M. J. Canner, et al. (2004). "Ambi ent Pollution and Blood > Pressure in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients." Cir culation 110(15): > 2184-2189..

> > Zanobetti, A. and J. Schwartz "The Effect of Fine and Coarse Particulate > Air Pollution On Mortality: A National Analysis."
, > > Zeger, S., A. McDermott, et al. (2007). "Mortalit y in the medicare > population and chronic exposure to fine particula te air pollution." > Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers 113. > (Contact: Dr. J. Samet)

> > Zeka, A., J. R. Sullivan, et al. (2006). "Inflamm atory markers and > particulate air pollution: characterizing the pat hway to disease." Int. > J. Epidemiol. 35(5): 1347-1354.

>

>

> > Beth

> > Beth M. Hassett-Sipple > Environmental Health Scientist > Ambient Standards Group (C504-06) > Health and Environmental Impacts Division > Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards > U.S. Environmental Protection Agency > 109 TW Alexander Drive > RTP, NC 27711

> > (919) 541-4605 > Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov > (919) 541-0237 (FAX)

>

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ Sara Dubowsky Adar Assistant Professor, Epidemiology University of Washington 4225 Roosevelt Way, Suite 302 Seattle, WA 98105 phone: 206-221-5932 fax: 206-897-1991 http://faculty.washington.edu/sadar