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S. HRG. 111–1224 

HEARING ON THE NOMINATIONS OF ARTHUR 

ELKINS TO BE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE 

EPA; EARL GOHL TO BE FEDERAL COCHAIR 

OF THE APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION; SANDFORD BLITZ TO BE FEDERAL COCHAIRPERSON OF THE NORTHERN BORDER 

REGIONAL COMMISSION; AND MARILYN A. 

BROWN, BARBARA S. HASKEW, NEIL G. 

MCBRIDE, AND WILLIAM B. SANSOM TO BE 

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF 

THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON 

ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

FEBRUARY 9, 2010 

Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works 

( 

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys 
(II) 

COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

BARBARA BOXER, California, Chairman 

MAX BAUCUS, Montana 

THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware 

FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey 

BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland 

BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont 

AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota 

SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island 

TOM UDALL, New Mexico 

JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon 

KIRSTEN GILLIBRAND, New York 

ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania 

JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma 

GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio 

DAVID VITTER, Louisiana 

JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming 

MIKE CRAPO, Idaho 

CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri 

LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee 

BETTINA POIRIER, Staff Director 

RUTH VAN MARK, Minority Staff Director 
(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

Page 

FEBRUARY 9, 2010 

OPENING STATEMENTS 

Snowe, Hon. Olympia J., U.S. Senator from the State of Maine ......................... 2 

Collins, Hon. Susan M., U.S. Senator from the State of Maine .......................... 3 

Brown, Hon. Sherrod., U.S. Senator from the State of Ohio ............................... 5 

Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L., U.S. Senator from the State of Maryland ................ 7 

Corker, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee ............................. 10 

Alexander, Hon. Lamar, U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee ................... 11 

Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from the State of California ........................ 13 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 76 

Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma, prepared 

statement .............................................................................................................. 331 

WITNESSES 

Elkins, Arthur A., Jr., nominated to be Inspector General, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency .................................................................................... 42 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 45 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 49 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 51 

Senator Vitter ............................................................................................ 52 

Senator Barrasso ....................................................................................... 53 

Gohl, Earl, Jr., nominated to be Federal Cochair, Appalachian Regional Commission .................................................................................................................. 54 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 56 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 60 

Senator Cardin .......................................................................................... 62 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 65 

Blitz, Sandford, nominated to be Federal Cochairperson, Northern Border 

Regional Commission ........................................................................................... 68 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 70 

Responses to additional questions from Senator Boxer ................................ 72 

Response to an additional question from Senator Inhofe ............................. 74 

Brown, Marilyn A., nominated to be a Member, Board of Directors, Tennessee 

Valley Authority ................................................................................................... 78 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 79 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 219 

Senator Carper .......................................................................................... 222 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 225 

Senator Alexander ..................................................................................... 227 

Haskew, Barbara S., nominated to be a Member, Board of Directors, Tennessee Valley Authority ....................................................................................... 229 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 231 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 249 

Senator Carper .......................................................................................... 252 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 255 

Senator Alexander ..................................................................................... 257 
Page

IV 

McBride, Neil G., nominated to be a Member, Board of Directors, Tennessee 

Valley Authority ................................................................................................... 259 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 260 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 300 

Senator Carper .......................................................................................... 303 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 306 

Senator Alexander ..................................................................................... 309 

Sansom, William B., nominated to be a Member, Board of Directors, Tennessee Valley Authority ....................................................................................... 311 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 312 

Responses to additional questions from: 

Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 314 

Senator Carper .......................................................................................... 317 

Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 322 

Senator Alexander ..................................................................................... 324 
(1) 

HEARING ON THE NOMINATIONS OF ARTHUR 

ELKINS TO BE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF 

THE EPA; EARL GOHL TO BE FEDERAL COCHAIR OF THE APPALACHIAN REGIONAL 

COMMISSION; SANDFORD BLITZ TO BE FEDERAL COCHAIRPERSON OF THE NORTHERN 

BORDER REGIONAL COMMISSION; AND 

MARILYN A. BROWN, BARBARA S. HASKEW, 

NEIL G. MCBRIDE, AND WILLIAM B. SANSOM 

TO BE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2010 

U.S. SENATE, 

COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS, 

Washington, DC. 

The full committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p.m. in room 

406, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Barbara Boxer (chairman of the committee) presiding. 

Present: Senators Boxer, Alexander, Cardin, Barrasso, and 

Whitehouse. 

Also present: Senators Snowe, Collins, Brown, and Corker. 

Senator BOXER. I want to thank everyone for being here today. 

I am so pleased we have so many Senators here. We are going to 

get right to the introductions so that Senators who are here can get 

back to their busy schedules. 

We are going to hear today on the first panel the EPA Inspector 

General, and that would be Arthur Elkins and Earl Gohl, to be 

Federal Cochair of the Appalachian Regional Commission, and 

Sandford Blitz to be Federal Cochair of the Northern Border Regional Commission. 

And then on the second panel, and we really thank these very 

brave TVA nominees for going to the airport, coming back from the 

airport, now headed out to the airport after this, we will hear from 

you. And those are Marilyn A. Brown, Barbara S. Haskew, Neil G. 

McBride, and William B. Sansom to be on the board of the Tennessee Valley Authority. 

So in deference to our colleagues who are here, Senator Cardin, 

is it OK if I allow them to do their introductions; is that all right? 

Or would you like to go first? 
2 

Senator CARDIN. I want to introduce one of them. 

Senator BOXER. OK. Well, why don’t we just start from Senator 

Snowe, Senator Collins, Senator Brown. Oh, and I didn’t see—Senator Corker, did you just join the crowd over there? Senator Corker, we are very happy you are here as well. 

Go ahead, Senator Snowe. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MAINE 

Senator SNOWE. Thank you, Madam Chair, and I want to thank 

Senator Cardin as well and all the members of the committee. Let 

me express my sincere appreciation to you and the entire committee for your timely consideration in scheduling of this hearing 

and to all the distinguished members. 

It is my distinct privilege to join Senator Collins in introducing 

the President’s nominee for Federal Cochair of the Northern Border 

Commission, Sandy Blitz. He is truly an icon of economic development in Maine and has been a friend for many years. It has been 

recommended by the entire congressional delegation, including 

Congressman Mike Michaud and Chellie Pingree. I also want to 

welcome Sandy’s wonderful wife, Mona, who is here today. I know 

this is a proud moment as they look forward to a new chapter in 

Sandy’s continuing dedication to his country and his lifetime devoted to creating jobs, strengthening our economy and expanding 

small businesses and entrepreneurship in our rural regions. 

Madam Chair, indisputably, economic development in all areas of 

our Nation is key to our country’s economic recovery and expansion. Specifically, unemployment in the non-metropolitan towns in 

Maine is 13 percent higher than in metropolitan regions of the 

State. Unfortunately, as Senator Sanders and Senator Gillibrand of 

this committee are all too aware, this staggering unemployment 

figure permeates throughout the northern tier of New York, 

Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. These counties and States 

are part of pervasive and severe regional economic distress. For example, with 9.4 percent unemployment in Coos County, New 

Hampshire, 10.4 percent in Fulton County, New York, 11 percent 

in Essex County, Vermont, and 11.8 percent in Piscataquis County, 

Maine. 

So it is absolutely vital at this moment that we bolster the Economic Development Administration, whose mission is to generate 

jobs in economically distressed areas of the United States. That is 

why I have always been a fierce champion for EDA throughout my 

tenure in the House and Senate because it builds indispensable 

lifelines to these communities. 

With that imperative in mind I sponsored the legislation, along 

with Senator Collins, to establish the Northern Border Commission, which we worked hand in glove along with Congressman 

Michaud, who spearheaded this visionary initiative. I was very 

pleased that this innovative economic development approach was 

included in the farm bill, with its primary focus on collaboration to 

address the severe unemployment and chronically low wages that 

are regrettably typical of these northeastern States. 

I can tell you firsthand there could not be a more ideal person 

to inaugurate the Commission than Sandy Blitz, whose 28 years of 
3 

rural economic experience has been defined by a cumulative depth 

and breadth of experience and expertise and a passion for economic 

development that will be indispensable in transforming the Commission’s objective into action, to hit the ground running to expeditiously address the lack of jobs in rural counties with the sense of 

urgency that is required. Time and again Sandy has been a pit bull 

for economic development, battled the bureaucracies to bring jobs 

to rural areas. Specifically, as EDA’s Maine regional representative 

Sandy served for 13 years as chief architect of Maine’s economic development strategy. And for the final 2 years at EDA, he was 

tapped to expand his leadership to include Connecticut and Rhode 

Island. 

During this time Sandy developed a reputation not only as a 

strategic planner but as an individual who executes these plans, 

making them a reality. For example, Sandy worked with the city 

of Eastport, Maine, to develop their world class deepwater harbor 

into a world class port, bringing jobs to Washington County where 

20 percent of the population is below the poverty level, and one of 

counties that would be under the purview of this commission. As 

a result of his work, shipments out of the port have more than doubled. 

Most recently, Sandy served with distinction as regional administrator of the Small Business Administration for the six New England States. As Ranking Member of the Small Business Committee, 

I have worked closely with Sandy to ensure that New England’s 1.4 

million small businesses have the loans and financing to grow and 

expand. Additionally he brought his extensive knowledge of the 

Federal Government to bear as he counseled numerous entrepreneurs seeking to start their own firms or expand operations. 

Sandy was a tireless and determined advocate for their success. 

If confirmed, Sandy will have served under every President since 

President Gerald Ford and has a reputation for working with anyone who is serious about job creation. As Federal Cochair he will 

build on his accomplishments in these leadership positions and develop cross-State boundary efforts that will preserve the traditional 

industries of the region, catalyze new rural economic and small development and job growth and slow the out-migration that has 

been the scourge of many of our rural areas. No one has more collective experience than Sandy to work with the Federal and State 

agencies to tackle these issues that so many families are grappling 

with across the region. And certainly this commission could not be 

more timely nor led by a more qualified individual. 

Thank you, Madam Chair. 

Senator BOXER. Mr. Blitz, if I were you, I would just put my 

statement in the record. 

[Laughter.] 

Senator BOXER. You are rounding third base. 

And now we are going to hear from Senator Collins. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. SUSAN M. COLLINS, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MAINE 

Senator COLLINS. Thank you, Madam Chairman. 

I was just thinking as I listened to Senator Snowe’s eloquent testimony on behalf of the nominee that I actually should just say 
4 

ditto and leave immediately. But instead I am going to take advantage of this opportunity because I cannot imagine a better person 

for the President to have nominated than Sandy Blitz to be the 

first Federal Cochair of the Northern Border Regional Commission. 

Since this is a new commission it is absolutely imperative that the 

first Cochair be an individual of extraordinary experience and exceptional qualification. And in Sandy Blitz the President has nominated such a person. 

Throughout his career Sandy has been dedicated to building 

partnerships between government and the private sector to create 

jobs. Sandy’s experience with local government dates back to the 

1970s where he worked for the mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, 

for several years. He has also held numerous Federal positions, 

with the General Services Administration, the Economic Development Administration and most recently with the Small Business 

Administration. For several years, Sandy served as the executive 

manager of the Bangor, Maine, Target Area Development Corporation and worked with the Eastern Maine Development Corporation. 

In addition he has operated his own private consulting firm. He 

has served as an adjunct professor at the University of Maine. And 

he has helped the University develop resources to bring research 

projects to market. His counsel has been sought by government, 

business and academia for virtually every aspect of economic development. 

Sandy is also steeped in the challenges and potential of the areas 

that will be served by the Northern Border Regional Commission. 

For more than 10 years he has worked tirelessly and frequently 

without pay to bring the people of this entire region together. He 

has developed a ground breaking map of the region which shows 

county by county the widespread effects of economic stagnation in 

the Northern Border region. This map reveals the economic distress that is at times masked when the data are examined only at 

the State level. 

Sandy developed many of the concepts that ultimately led to the 

introduction of the legislation that created this new commission. 

And I too want to recognize the work that was done on the House 

side by Congressman Mike Michaud in developing the Commission. 

Senator Snowe and I were pleased to lead the effort on the Senate 

side. He has served as the public member on an unprecedented 

committee composed of transportation authorities from Ontario, 

Quebec, the Atlantic provinces in Canada, and Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York. This committee studied multi-modal 

transportation links across that broad region. It produced the CanAm study, which will greatly assist Sandy and the Commission 

members as they analyze what is working and what is not working 

across the Northern Border region. 

I worked very closely, as did my colleague, Senator Snowe, with 

Sandy when he was the regional administrator of SBA and during 

his many years at EDA. Sandy will bring extraordinary talent and 

experience to the Northern Border Regional Commission, because 

he truly understands the people of the region and the challenges 

it faces. 

I am convinced that the President could have found no better 

nominee for this important position than Sandy, and I am pleased 
5 

and proud to join my senior colleague from Maine, Senator Snowe, 

in offering him my strong support. 

Thank you, Madam Chairman. 

[The prepared statement of Senator Collins follows:] 

STATEMENT OF HON. SUSAN M. COLLINS, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MAINE

Chairman Boxer, Senator Inhofe, and members of the committee, I am delighted 

to testify today on behalf of Sandy Blitz, who has been nominated to serve as the 

first Federal Co-Chair of the Northern Border Regional Commission. Sandy is joined 

here today by his wife, Mona. 

Throughout his career, Sandy has been dedicated to building partnerships between government and the private sector to create opportunity. 

Sandy’s experience with local government dates to the early 1970s when he 

worked for the Mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, for several years. He has also held 

important Federal positions with the General Services Administration, the Economic 

Development Administration, and most recently with the Small Business Administration. 

For many years, Sandy served as the Executive Manager of the Bangor (Maine) 

Target Area Development Corporation and worked with the Eastern Maine Development Corporation. In addition, he has operated his own private consulting business, 

served as an adjunct assistant professor at the University of Maine, and helped the 

University develop resources to bring research projects to market. His counsel has 

been sought by government, business, and academia for virtually every aspect of 

economic development. 

Sandy is also steeped in the challenges and potential of the area that will be 

served by the Northern Border Regional Commission. For more than 10 years, he 

has worked tirelessly—and frequently without pay—to bring the people of this region together. He developed a groundbreaking map of the region (using criteria established by the Department of Commerce) which shows, county by county, the 

widespread effects of economic stagnation in the northern border region. This map 

reveals economic distress that is masked when the data are examined only at the 

State level. 

Sandy developed many of the concepts that ultimately led to the introduction of 

the legislation that created the Northern Border Regional Commission. He also 

served as the public member on an unprecedented committee composed of transportation authorities from Ontario, Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. This committee studied the multi-modal transportation links across that broad region. It produced the CanAm Study, which will 

greatly assist Sandy and the Northern Border Regional Commission as they analyze 

what is working and what is not working in the northern border region. 

I worked closely with Sandy when he was the Regional Administrator at SBA and 

during his many years at EDA. Sandy will bring extraordinary talent and experience to the Northern Regional Border Commission because he truly understands the 

economic challenges facing our region. I am convinced that the President could have 

found no better nominee for this important position than Sandy Blitz, and I am 

pleased and proud to offer him my support. 

Senator BOXER. Thank you so very much. And Senators, I know 

you have other things that you have to attend to, so as soon as you 

wish to, leave. Of course, we thank you for coming. 

Senator Brown, I understand you are here to speak for one of our 

nominees, Mr. Elkins, who is up for Inspector General of the EPA. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. SHERROD BROWN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF OHIO 

Senator BROWN. I am, thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you to 

Senator Alexander, Senator Barrasso and Senator Cardin. 

I am pleased to introduce to the four of you and to this committee Arthur Elkins, Jr., nominated to serve as Inspector General 

of the Environmental Protection Agency. He is joined by his wife, 

Gail, who is sitting behind me, and we welcome her. 
6 

You know that Mr. Elkins comes from Ohio because he and his 

wife didn’t break a sweat to get here in the snow. 

[Laughter.] 

Senator BROWN. It is an important moment for EPA and for U.S. 

taxpayers. American taxpayers should be able to trust that programs ensuring clean water, Superfund clean up and brownfields 

redevelopment are being managed in an effective and cost efficient 

manner, the kinds of work over which jurisdiction this committee 

is so important. American taxpayers need to know that EPA is not 

doing more harm than good. It is especially true when it comes to 

regulating CO2 emissions. Climate change is an important environmental issue and economic issue and global security issue. We 

must have a smart, independent IG at this critical juncture. Arthur 

Elkins, Jr., I believe, is that person. 

The committee should know that Mr. Elkins’ credentials and 

broad career experience speak for themselves. Arthur has practiced 

law for some 20 years, including stints at the Cuyahoga County, 

that is Cleveland, Cuyahoga County Public Defenders and Prosecutors offices, the Department of Defense, the National Science Foundation, the Court Service and Offender Supervision Agency, and for 

the past year the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. He 

worked under the tutelage of Senator Cardin’s seat mate on the 

Ways and Means Committee, Stephanie Tubbs Jones, when she 

was a county prosecutor in Cleveland. 

Mr. Elkins has served as a prosecutor, a trial attorney, a general 

counsel, and while at the National Science Foundation as counsel 

to the Inspector General. That is his public sector experience. His 

impressive list of public sector achievements parallels his extensive 

private sector experience. Prior to his career as a public servant 

Mr. Elkins, in fact before he went to law school, worked as a teacher and in the sales department for a number of important Ohio 

companies. This wide ranging experience will serve him well as he 

looks for waste, fraud and abuse across the numerous programs at 

the Environmental Protection Agency. 

His dedication to public service, his work as a fair and independent arbiter bode well for his success in the difficult but very, 

very important job of this Inspector General. I encourage the committee to take a close look at this qualified candidate and urge you 

to move quickly on his confirmation and nomination. 

I thank the Chair. 

Senator BOXER. Senator Brown, thank you, and of course we 

know you have other things to attend to. 

What I would like to do is hear from Senator Cardin, who also 

would like to introduce Mr. Elkins. And then I will turn to Senators Alexander and Corker in whatever order they wish, Corker 

first, Alexander next, to talk about some of our TVA people, who 

we are so happy did make it here. So good work, Senator, for making sure this really happened. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Thanks to the Chairman for her flexibility. 

Senator BOXER. Right, we were flexible; we got it done. 

Senator Cardin. 
7 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MARYLAND 

Senator CARDIN. Madam Chair, let me just add one thing to Senator Brown’s introduction of Arthur Elkins, and that is he is now 

a resident of Bowie, Maryland. So he may have gotten his training 

in Ohio, but he had enough sense to come to Maryland. So we want 

to welcome him to our State. I am sure that he got here on time 

because he is a good Marylander. We thank him. 

If you are looking at what should be the appropriate background 

for an inspector general, look at Mr. Elkins’ resume, look at what 

he has done, look at the type of experience he has had in the public 

sector and the private sector. He has devoted his career to this type 

of work. So we very much look forward to his continued public 

service. I strongly endorse his nomination. 

I will just add one additional point, if I might. In Maryland, we 

are very interested in what is happening with the Chesapeake Bay 

and the EPA program in the Chesapeake Bay. I have introduced 

legislation which I hope we will pass in this Congress. It would, I 

think, help us enforce the water qualities necessary in the Bay. 

The Environmental Protection Agency has their program, which I 

support, which will enforce the maximum daily loads. 

The reason I mention that with Mr. Elkins is that we need to 

make sure that there is a very open process with all the stakeholders who are going to be impacted by that. I think the Inspector 

General can help us a great deal to make sure that we have the 

type of credibility as that program moves forward that will have 

the confidence of all the stakeholders and yet be able to at last accomplish the type of water quality that we want to see in the 

Chesapeake Bay that Congress has spoken to and the Administration is implementing. 

As I look at Mr. Elkins’ background I can tell you I have a lot 

of confidence that he will do exactly that. He clearly has a lot of 

experience in Ohio, and we thank Senator Brown for the way that 

he has brought that to our attention. We look forward to working 

with Mr. Elkins, and I thank you very much for your continued 

public service. 

[The prepared statement of Senator Cardin follows:] 

STATEMENT OF HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MARYLAND

Thank you, Madam Chairman, for holding this hearing this afternoon. I also want 

to thank our witness for coming before our committee and wish them the best with 

the proceeding of their confirmations. 

As EPA takes on new initiatives to better protect the environment the role of the 

IG will be incredibly important to make sure that regulations put forth are understood and followed to achieve the goal of protecting public health and the environment. 

I was very pleased last summer when the President announced his Executive 

Order to make the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay an environmental priority for 

the EPA. I applaud this initiative and am working hard myself to pass legislation 

to bring about the restoration of the Bay. I understand how important it is to work 

with stakeholders in my State and throughout the watershed to accomplish the task 

of restoring the Bay. 

As I advance my Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem Restoration Bill I am committed to 

keeping the process open for input from the public, and I would encourage the EPA 

to do the same with its rulemaking and the establishment of the 78 TMDLs that 

will be vital to putting the Bay on its necessary ‘‘Pollution Diet.’’ 
8 

Implementing this program is going to require an open approach as well, and I 

would encourage the Office of Inspector General to keep watch of how the Agency 

implements the Bay restoration program and give careful guidance and advice to 

the Bay Program on being inclusive and open with the public, particularly with 

stakeholders like farmers and developers that will bear the burden of meeting these 

requirements. 

I am hopeful that Arthur Elkins will help inform and facilitate this process. 

STATEMENT ADDRESSED TO ARC CO-CHAIRMAN NOMINEE EARL GOHL

Western Maryland has benefited from several ARC projects including worker 

training programs, transportation improvement projects and expanded access to 

broadband communications services. For that I am grateful, and it is one of the reasons I worked very hard to help increase planning grants funding for my State and 

all Economic Development Districts. 

The Tri-County Council of Western Maryland has a long history of working hand 

in hand with the Appalachian Regional Commission. I encourage you to keep this 

partnership strong. 

One of the most important projects to Western Maryland and the region is the 

completion of the North/South Appalachian Highway. Dozens of companies, public 

officials, civic and public organizations in Western Maryland have made this project 

a No. 1 priority for the region. They all see the alignment and improvements to 

Routes 219 and 220 as critical infrastructure projects for improving and sustaining 

economic development in the region. 

Improvements to these two roads are estimated to create upwards of 12,000 new 

permanent jobs and 20,000 construction jobs in the three affected States. These jobs 

are more important than ever to the region, and I am working hard to see that the 

remaining portions of the project in Maryland are realized. 

ARC is an important facilitator of this project, and I encourage you and the leadership to make this project a priority for the Commission. To complete this entire 

project I urge your support for repealing the prohibition on the use of toll credits 

to fund the project. Granted this is an issue that Congress needs to resolve, but I 

want to urge the Administration, the Appalachian Regional Commission and you to 

support and advocate for this change to the law. 

I look forward to the testimonies of our nominees, and I again thank the Chair 

and Ranking Member for holding this hearing. 

Senator BOXER. All right. I ask unanimous consent that a letter 

in support of Mr. Blitz’s nomination from Congressman Michaud be 

entered into the record. If there is no objection, we will put that 

in. 

And Senator Corker, thank you so much for bearing with us in 

this last minute change. Please go right ahead, proceed. 

[The referenced letter follows:] 
9 
10 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BOB CORKER, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF TENNESSEE 

Senator CORKER. Chairman Boxer and committee members, 

thank you very much for having this hearing today. I think I have 

been known for my brevity in the short time that I have been in 

the Senate. I don’t plan on changing that. 

I am going to introduce four nominees. I know that Senator Alexander—and I think this may be the first time I have ever spoken 

in front of him at any hearing or any meeting—he will have some 

comments. I know that each of them, when they are up here, would 

like to introduce some outstanding family members that they have 

with them. 

It gives me great pride to be here. I thank you for having the 

hearing. I thank the President for filling this void on the TVA 

board. I know that you know this well, and the committee members 

do, the TVA is very important to the Tennessee Valley area. It 

spans multi-States, and it has multiple energy sources. It is very 

important to this country. So again, I thank the President for these 

nominees. 

I have had the great privilege of knowing Bill Sansom and Barbara Haskew, two of the nominees, for many, many years, almost 

my entire adult life, and think very, very highly of both of them. 

I have had the great opportunity to meet Neil McBride and 

Marilyn Brown. I must tell you, their background and the things 

that they care about as it relates to TVA are most impressive. As 

a matter of fact these four candidates, these four nominees, each 

bring experiences to TVA which has multi-faceted operations that 

I hope is going to be very complementary to moving TVA ahead 

with the many issues that TVA and many utilities have to deal 

with today. 

So with that, Chairman Boxer, I want to commend them to you. 

I hope that they will pass out of this committee and be confirmed 

by the Senate. And to each of them I want to say that I look forward to working with you on the many issues that TVA has to deal 

with. I thank you especially at this point in time in our country’s 

history with all that we deal with in the public arena, I thank each 

of you for being willing to come forward and serve in this way. And 

again, hopefully right after confirmation I look forward to working 

with each of you. 

Thank you, Chairman, for having this hearing and the flexibility 

that you have shown. I know this will be a very productive hearing, 

and I thank our esteemed senior Senator for allowing me for the 

first time ever to speak in front of him. 

Senator BOXER. Well, he is a good guy. 

Let me just say, I don’t anticipate any bumps in the road. That 

is a report from you to me, and we are friends, and if I see any 

problems, I will let you know. So far, so good for everybody who 

has been nominated today. That is how it appears from what I can 

tell. So thank you. 

Senator Alexander, the floor is yours. 
11 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. LAMAR ALEXANDER, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF TENNESSEE 

Senator ALEXANDER. Thank you, Madam Chair, and thanks to 

Senator Corker. It is traditional for home State Senators to introduce, as I would be down there if I weren’t a member of the committee, nominees from their State. We have three from Tennessee. 

But Dr. Brown, who now is at Georgia Tech, had a long career at 

the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We had a good visit the other 

day, and I am delighted to see here today as well. So while I am 

not her Senator today, I can certainly welcome here today, and I 

am glad to see her here. 

Neil McBride, as Senator Corker said—I will let him introduce 

his family. He has had a long career in Tennessee, in environmental work, legal aid work. He has taught at the University of 

Tennessee, and I have enjoyed my visit with him prior to this hearing. Barbara Haskew and I have known each other a long time. 

She has a distinguished career at Middle Tennessee State University. She has been dean of the college, vice president and provost, 

which is a really hard job at a university. And she has a lot of experience with TVA itself in terms of its rate setting. I think she 

will be a valuable member of the board. 

Bill Sansom has the distinction of having been nominated first 

by a Republican President and second by a Democratic President. 

That doesn’t happen all that often. I think it is because he is 

known in our State as really not being a political person. Most of 

his work has been as things like chairman of the chamber of commerce and lay chairman of the board of the University of Tennessee and as a business leader and former chairman of TVA. I 

would like to put in the record, Madam Chair, a letter I received 

from the speaker emeritus, Jimmy Naifeh, of the Tennessee House 

of Representatives. Jimmy Naifeh is the Democratic leader and 

was speaker of the house for many, many years, worked with Mr. 

Sansom. I would like to include this letter in the record. 

Senator BOXER. Without objection. 

[The referenced information follows:] 
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Senator ALEXANDER. The Tennessee Valley Authority, there is no 

more important institution in our region, Madam Chairman, than 

the Tennessee Valley Authority. I saw it as Governor when one of 

the primary reasons why we were able to attract the automobile industry and other industries to Tennessee was because had large 

amounts of reliable, low cost electricity. I underline low cost. Today 

we would add the word clean to that. But large amounts of low 

cost, clean electricity. If there are any two words that I would like 

to emphasize to our nominees it would be low and cost. Because 

without those, the jobs go overseas, out of the country, looking for 

cheap energy. 

I will wait until my time comes to ask some questions of the 

nominees. But just as one example, our current Governor, I am 

sure, would say virtually the same thing that I just said. He has 

just attracted three polysilicon plants to Tennessee, big manufacturing plants for solar power. But they each use 120 megawatts of 

electricity, and they wouldn’t be in Tennessee if we didn’t have 

large amount of low cost, reliable electricity today provided mostly 

by nuclear and coal. 

TVA is the 16th cleanest utility in the country in terms of producing electricity that is free of pollution. That comes almost exclusively from about 33 percent nuclear power and 7 percent hydroelectric. So it is 40 percent carbon free, clean in that respect. And 

my hope is it can get much higher. 

Thank you, Madam Chair, for holding the hearing, for your courtesy and being flexible today to make it possible for all this to happen in the midst of a snow storm. 

Senator BOXER. Thank you very much. 

What we are going to do now is ask our first panel to take their 

seats. Our first panel would be Arthur Elkins, Earl Gohl and 

Sandford Blitz. I am going to make an opening comment, and then 

whoever else would like to can do so. And we will get right to our 

nominees. When we finish this panel, we will go to our TVA. I have 

an opening statement for that, and others can do that as well and 

we will move to the panel. And with good fortune we should breeze 

through this pretty painlessly. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

Senator BOXER. The EPA is charged with protecting public 

health and the environment. Under our Nation’s environmental 

laws it is a steward of our clean air, drinking water, lakes and rivers. The agency works to protect our children, our families and 

communities from hazardous waste, toxic chemicals and many 

other dangerous forms of pollution. 

The EPA Inspector General, in my view, is EPA’s conscience. The 

IG’s duty is to ensure that EPA actions are free of waste, fraud and 

abuse. And any nomination, anybody nominated to serve in this position must meet a high standard for impartiality, integrity and 

independence. 

Federal law requires that IGs be selected ‘‘without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, 

management analysis, public administration or investigations.’’ 
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And Mr. Elkins, you fit that bill. I am going to ask that my statement be placed in the record in full. 

But I want to say to you, Mr. Elkins, yours will be a tough, tough 

job and a vitally important one. And for anyone who truly believes 

in public service, it is rewarding work. Because what you do is 

going to impact our toxic waste clean ups whether or not we actually reduce pollution for our children and protect our people from 

cardiovascular, respiratory and other illnesses caused by pollution. 

Your work will make sure that our families have safe water to 

drink and clean lakes, rivers, and beaches to enjoy. These just 

aren’t jobs with a benign job description. All of you here on this 

panel and the next one, you are really involved in so many important things to make life better for our people and make sure that 

you stand up for their rights at all times. That is what is so crucial. 

Mr. Gohl, you have been nominated to be Federal Cochair of the 

Appalachian Regional Commission. We created this Commission to 

devise regional economic development initiatives involving Federal, 

State and local governments as well as community leaders. During 

these tough economic times the Commission needs a leader who is 

dedicated to providing opportunities for people to get back to work 

and for communities to reinvest in their economic future. We are 

very pleased that you have gotten this nomination. 

Mr. Blitz, what more could I add to the two Senators from 

Maine? They made the case so eloquently, all I can say is if you 

are half as good as they say, then I think the Northeast is going 

to be rocking out of this recession and leading the way for the rest 

of the country. 

So with that, I will put the rest of my statement into the record. 

[The prepared statement of Senator Boxer follows:] 

STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with protecting public 

health and the environment under our Nation’s environmental laws. EPA serves as 

the steward of our clean air, drinking water, lakes and rivers, and the agency works 

to protect our children, families and communities from hazardous waste, toxic 

chemicals and many other dangerous forms of pollution. 

The EPA Inspector General is EPA’s conscience. The IG’s duty is to ensure that 

EPA’s actions are free of waste, fraud and abuse. Any person nominated to serve 

in this position must meet a high standard for impartiality, integrity and independence. 

Federal law requires IGs to be selected ‘‘without regard to political affiliation and 

solely on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations.’’ 

For the past 16 years, Mr. Elkins has worked in public service, including as a 

public defender, prosecutor, counsel to the Inspector General of the National Science 

Foundation and as Associate General Counsel for EPA’s General Law Office. 

Mr. Elkins, this is a tough, tough job, but also a vitally important job—and I 

think for anyone who truly believes in public service, it can be extremely rewarding 

work. 

If confirmed, you will provide EPA with information and recommendations that 

can help the Agency better achieve its goals of protecting public health and the environment. If confirmed, you can help the agency to achieve its mission to: 

• Clean up more toxic waste sites to safeguard the health of our communities and 

to allow them to invest in redevelopment and jobs; 

• Reduce air pollution so that our children do not suffer from asthma attacks and 

our people do not suffer from cardiovascular, respiratory, and other illnesses that 

are caused by pollution; and 
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• Ensure families have safe water to drink and clean lakes, rivers and beaches 

to enjoy. 

The Office of Inspector General plays a key oversight role at the Agency, and this 

office is in need of strong leadership. I look forward to hearing from you today on 

how you will address these critical issues. 

We also have Mr. Gohl before us today who has been nominated to be Federal 

Co-Chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission. Congress created the Commission to devise regional economic development initiatives involving Federal, State, 

and local governments, as well as community leaders. 

During this tough economic time, the Commission needs a leader who is dedicated 

to providing opportunities for people to get back to work and for communities to reinvest in their economic future. 

Mr. Blitz is also before us today and has been nominated to be the Federal CoChair of the Northern Border Regional Commission. 

The Commission is an organization created to address the economic and community development challenges of the northern and most economically distressed counties of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont. 

The Federal Co-Chair of the Northern Border Regional Commission works with 

the Governors of those four States to identify needs and existing assets, develop economic and infrastructure strategies and make grants to support economic development. The Commission’s purpose is to create and implement regional economic development plans to reduce poverty, address changing land use, and improve quality 

of life. The Commission’s focus is on infrastructure, telecommunications, health 

care, transportation and energy. 

I look forward to your testimony today. 

Senator BOXER. Senator Alexander, do you have any further comments at this time? 

Senator ALEXANDER. No, thank you, Madam Chair. 

Senator BOXER. Senator Cardin. 

Senator CARDIN. Just very briefly, Madam Chair. I don’t want to 

trespass too much more on the time of our witnesses. I do want to 

talk just a moment about the Appalachian Regional Commission 

because it is critically important to the western part of my State. 

I do want to make two points, if I might. The Tri-County Council 

of Western Maryland has a long history of working hand in hand 

with the Appalachian Regional Commission. I encourage this partnership to continue, and I hope we will have a chance perhaps to 

talk about it. 

The second thing I want to mention is the critically important 

economic priority for that region. It is the completion of the northsouth highway alignment, Highway 219 and 220. It is a critical infrastructure for the entire region of West Virginia, Maryland and 

Pennsylvania. The improvement of these roads is estimated to create upwards of 12,000 new permanent jobs and 20,000 construction 

jobs in these affected States. It is not easy to find jobs in that part 

of our State, and that is exactly what the Appalachian Regional 

Commission’s priorities should be about. I look forward to working 

with you, Mr. Gohl, as we develop a strategy. 

I just want to mention one other thing that is important to Pennsylvania, not so much to Maryland. That is the prohibition on the 

use of toll credits to fund the project. Now, I know that is a legislative issue. But it would be helpful if the Commission would take 

a stand on that to help us complete the north-south highway. I just 

wanted to alert you to that at the beginning of this hearing because 

these are issues I will be questioning you on. 

Thank you, Madam Chair, for your indulgence. 

Senator BOXER. Thank you, Senator Cardin. 

Senator Barrasso. 
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Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Madam Chairman. I 

want to congratulate each of you; welcome you to the committee. 

I congratulate your families as well. 

I would like to have a few comments, Madam Chairman, along 

the lines of what you mentioned, and specifically with regard to 

Mr. Elkins, who I congratulate and welcome to the committee. I 

would like to read to you, if I may, sir, a letter that Senator Inhofe 

and I sent to Lisa Jackson, the Administrator of the Environmental 

Protection Agency. We sent this October 15th. It says, ‘‘It has been 

nearly a year since the Administration has been in office. Over that 

time, the EPA has proposed a series of regulations to monitor and 

regulate greenhouses gases, which could cost millions of Americans 

their jobs. The process behind these regulations has raised many 

unanswered questions about how they were developed. We are concerned that not having a full-time EPA Inspector General appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate fails to provide proper oversight of your agency’s actions.’’ The letter goes on 

to state that the President’s delay in nominating an EPA Inspector 

General ‘‘fails to meet the Administration’s objective to put a premium on transparency and openness.’’ So despite the Administration’s delay in getting a nomination to the Senate, I am glad that 

you are here today to visit with us, Mr. Elkins. The Inspector General at the EPA faces a daunting task, as our Chairman said. For 

more than a year the EPA has operated without this necessary 

oversight. 

During that time Administration officials and some EPA officials 

have instructed individuals not to put information in writing, I presume in an effort to avoid public scrutiny of activity occurring behind the scenes at the EPA. They have attempted to publicly discredit a respected Small Business Administration attorney who 

dared to tell EPA that they had not followed proper procedures. 

And attempted to silence through intimidation and other means an 

internal critic who raised concerns about information the EPA was 

relying on to reach certain conclusions. 

Now, EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson herself said on April 23rd 

of last year, ‘‘The success of our environmental efforts depends on 

earning and maintaining the trust of the public we serve.’’ Trust 

in the EPA cannot be achieved without transparency and oversight. 

The Environmental Protection Agency is pursuing regulations and 

policies that I believe will cost millions of Americans’ jobs. 

The legality of the process that EPA has used to formulate the 

endangerment finding relating to carbon dioxide, which I might 

add is the greatest American job killing threat we have seen in decades, has been questioned by two Administration officials in under 

a year. I tried to investigate these matters as Ranking Member of 

the Subcommittee on Oversight of this committee. I have asked for 

investigation and hearings by the EPA and by the majority. The requests have been denied. 

I believe it is time for a change. If this Administration or committee won’t investigate these matters then you as the named Inspector General must act. The Administration has said that they 

want an EPA that is open and transparent, that differing views 

will be encouraged, that decisions will be based solely on science 
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and that any individual will be made available to speak to Members of Congress without fear of reprisal. 

I don’t believe that the Administration has made the grade because they have been able to act without this accountability that 

you will provide. It is my hope that you will be able to bring the 

proper accountability and oversight that has been sorely missing. 

Once again, I thank you for being here to answer our questions, 

and I congratulate you on this new assignment. 

Thank you, Madam Chairman. 

Senator BOXER. Well, Mr. Elkins, since you have been thrown 

into now the middle of a very contentious issue, let me make it 

clear that our committee is quite divided on this point and that 

many of us believe that when the U.S. Supreme Court decided 5 

to 4 that in fact greenhouse gas emissions were covered under the 

Clean Air Act, and they ordered the EPA to take a look at the 

endangerment situation, and if they found that in fact greenhouse 

gas endangers our people, they must act. And when in fact this 

EPA built on the EPA of George Bush, which had started all that 

work, and they came out with it, we had a lot of people saying uhoh, now we are going to try a political attack. And that is what is 

going on. For 8 years, nothing was done because this case was in 

the court. 

Now, where we come down now is we have several people, if not 

almost all, on the other side say that if we act, which this committee did act to write climate legislation, which has nothing to do, 

Mr. Elkins, with you, we write the laws, you have got to make sure 

they are carried out, OK? So this committee did act and did report 

a bill out. Now, my friend Senator Barrasso says the greatest job 

killer in the world. Well, we have three studies that just came out, 

one from Pew Charitable Trust, and we will put that in the record, 

one from U.C. Berkeley and the other from Next10, that says that 

the only job growth that has taken place during this recession has 

been clean energy jobs. 

Now, that has nothing to do with your work. But politics has 

been thrown into the mix here, so we are going to get the debate 

out. But the fact is what we want you to do, I would trust both 

sides, is not come to this table with a political agenda of any sort. 

If you personally believe that standing up and battling greenhouse 

emissions, and if you agree with me, it is the greatest opportunity 

for clean energy jobs, it is a way to catch up with China, who is 

just cleaning our clocks with solar jobs, and wind turbine building 

and all the rest. If you agree with Senator Barrasso, it is the biggest jobs killer ever thought up by anybody, that is your opinion. 

I don’t care what your opinion is. I want you to follow the law 

and make sure that EPA is following the law. We don’t need to 

make big speeches here on where we come down on the politics of 

it. That has nothing to do with you. But you need to look at what 

happened with the Supreme Court and whether or not our Administrator is following the law. And if you find that she is not following the law, you need to let us know. And if you find that she 

is, you need to let us know. 

But I hope you will not get caught up one bit in this controversy 

that we have between the parties here on this committee. Because 

that is not your role. It would be inappropriate to do so. 
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We are going to now call on our nominees. Mr. Elkins, and each 

of you, if you have family here or friends, please feel free to introduce them. Because we are so grateful to them for lending you to 

us for a certain period of time. 

So Mr. Elkins, go ahead. 

[The referenced study follows:] 
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STATEMENT OF ARTHUR A. ELKINS, JR., NOMINATED TO BE 

INSPECTOR GENERAL, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

Mr. ELKINS. Thank you, Chairman Boxer. I really appreciate the 

opportunity to talk to you about my nomination this afternoon. 

I would like to introduce my wife, Gail, who has been a real big 

supporter of mine throughout this whole process. I am really just 

thrilled with having her here and having her behind me. I would 

also like to acknowledge a couple of my colleagues from the Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals who have also come down to 

support me as well. So I would like to acknowledge them as well. 

Mr. Fields. 

Senator BOXER. Stand up, please, sir. 

Mr. ELKINS. And Peregrine Russell-Hunter. 

Senator BOXER. Welcome. Very good. 

Mr. ELKINS. Madam Chairman and members of the committee, 

thank you for this opportunity to appear before you today as the 

President’s nominee for Inspector General of the Environmental 

Protection Agency. I am deeply honored and grateful for the President’s nomination. I am also mindful of the important role that the 

Environment and Public Works Committee plays in matters related 

to the EPA, including its Office of Inspector General. 

The mission of the EPA OIG as defined by the Inspector General 

Act of 1978, stated briefly, is one, to conduct and supervise audits 

and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations; two, 

provide leadership, coordination and recommend policies for activities designed to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness in 

the administration of EPA programs; three, prevent and detect 

fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; and four, provide a means for keeping the head of the EPA and the Congress 

fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of EPA programs and operations and the 

necessity for and progress of corrective actions. 

The OIG is tasked with protecting the integrity of EPA programs 

as well as human health and the environment. As with other Federal agencies, the IG serves as the agency’s chief audit and law enforcement executive with dual reporting responsibilities to the EPA 

Administrator and to the Congress. More specifically, the IG is 

tasked with providing the Administrator and EPA program managers with objective and independent findings and recommendations that are designed and intended to improve EPA program efficiency and effectiveness and to initiate investigations to identify 

and hold accountable those who defraud EPA’s programs. 

Moreover, the OIG through its hot line and other integrity 

awareness efforts also supports other important public policy initiatives, such as those articulated in the Ethics and Government Act, 

the Whistleblower Protection Act and other similar laws, rules and 

policies. Now, I am familiar with these tasks having served as the 

counsel to the Inspector General for the National Science Foundation for approximately 5 years. In that role I worked closely with 

the NSF Inspector General, OIG senior managers, attorneys, auditors, investigators and staff, support staff in audit and investigations planning, general management and OIG policy development. 

Moreover, for the past 16 years I have also served the public in the 
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roles of public defender, prosecutor, department counsel, chief legal 

counsel and general counsel and associate general counsel for Federal and local agencies. 

In the general counsel roles, I managed to staff of professional 

and support personnel in providing agency management with legal 

counsel and guidance on numerous Federal, State and administrative law legal issues. As a criminal prosecutor, public defender and 

department counsel my experience includes prosecuting, defending 

and investigating criminal, civil and administrative misconduct 

cases. 

Now, my vision and expectations if confirmed as the EPA IG can 

be summarized under the following four management principles. 

One, exceed OIG customer expectations. I view the term customer 

in a broad sense. That is, OIG customers include Congress, EPA 

agency management and staff, other Federal agencies and State 

employees, the court, the general public and OIG staffers. In my 

view, integrity, accountability, credibility, reputation and effectiveness are all byproducts of the delivery of consistent excellent customer service. If confirmed, I intend to establish as an office-wide 

policy that exceeding customer expectations will be an OIG priority. This means that customer inquiries will be responded to in 

an expeditious and meaningful way. It also means that OIG work 

products will be consistently delivered in a timely manner, be relevant, accurate, objective, understandable, focused on the most significant issues facing the EPA, be of the highest quality and where 

applicable, include customer input. 

The next principle is to maintain and expand OIG’s subject matter expertise. The most important OIG asset is its employees. In 

short, the OIG is only as good as the expertise and commitment to 

excellence of its staff. If confirmed I will support staff development 

efforts and encourage staff to explore opportunities to grow personally and professionally. 

No. 3, ensure OIG organizational and information integrity and 

safeguard OIG independence. Beyond the human resource, organization and information integrity are key factors in the success of 

any organization. Having an organizational structure that is flexible and responsive to the needs of its customers without sacrifice 

to timeliness or quality and with predictable and secure data access is crucial to the success and health of any organization. In 

short, having a flexible but predictable organization allows the organization to react more quickly to non-standard events, be more 

creative problem solvers, proactive and manage scarce resources 

more efficiently and effectively. If I am confirmed I will encourage 

the adoption or continuance of these management principles within 

the EPA OIG. 

Further, IG independence and non-partisanship are critical to 

the OIG’s success. In my view, a condition precedent to the acceptance of OIG’s work products as credible and reliable is the extent 

to which its reputation for independence and non-partisanship are 

non-challenged. As such, if I am confirmed, I will be vigilant in 

safeguarding the most important in the OIG’s toolbox: its independence. 

Finally, operate the OIG in an ethical, professional and civil 

manner. The inclusion of this management principle affirms that 
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should I be confirmed as the next EPA OIG I will continue the EPA 

OIG tradition of ensuring that the office operates to the highest 

standards of ethics, professionalism and civility. The role of the Inspector General in any Federal agency is important and challenging. With the challenge comes the opportunity to make a positive difference in the lives of many. If confirmed I will make a positive difference through my efforts to protect the taxpayers’ investment from fraud, waste and abuse, while assisting the agency to 

exceed its goals. I will be personally committed to make the EPA 

OIG as successful in its mission as possible. 

Thank you again for this opportunity to appear before you today. 

I look forward to answering any of your questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Elkins follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you so much, Mr. Elkins. 

Mr. Gohl, Federal Cochair, Appalachian Regional Commission. 

We look forward to hearing from you. If you have any guests in the 

audience, please let us know. 

STATEMENT OF EARL GOHL, JR., NOMINATED TO BE FEDERAL 

COCHAIR, APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION 

Mr. GOHL. Thank you, Chairman Boxer and members of the committee, for giving me this opportunity to come here today to talk 

to you about my nomination as the Federal Cochair of the Appalachian Regional Commission. Today, my youngest daughter, Erin, 

is here with me. 

I am very honored that President Obama has nominated me for 

this position. The Appalachian Regional Commission is a FederalState partnership that seeks to foster economic development, create 

jobs and improve the quality of life in the 13-State region that runs 

along the Appalachian Mountains, from the southern tier of New 

York to northeastern Mississippi. The ARC was created to help 

close the socioeconomic gap between Appalachia and the rest of the 

Nation. 

My professional career has focused on working with State and 

local government to create opportunities for economic growth and 

development. I have 20 years of experience as an elected or appointed official in Pennsylvania, which is one of the key ARC 

States. 

As the Deputy Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of 

Community Affairs my responsibilities included the operation of 

five bureaus and five regional offices that worked daily with local 

governments. In that capacity I was directly confronted by the economic challenges facing the Appalachian region. I saw first-hand 

the impact ARC’s programs could have on my State’s rural communities. My responsibilities included awarding and managing over 

$100 million annually in Federal and State funds that focused on 

the housing and community development needs of Pennsylvania 

communities. In State government my focus was on ways to expand 

the arsenals of tools available for small towns to help them build 

the capacity to respond to their challenges. 

My 7 years as a local elected official gave me first-hand experience in dealing with the challenges of local governments, whose 

needs far out-strip available resources, and taught me how economic policy made far from the halls of the city or from town hall 

can have a very dramatic and very positive impact on communities. 

It gave me great respect for local officials who work each day and 

often long into the night to strengthen their communities’ futures. 

The experience of being in the Department of Congressional Liaison ingrained in me the importance of both adhering to Administration policies and principles and also having responsive, transparent and timely communications with Congress if the agency is 

going to succeed in fulfilling its mission. If I am confirmed, I will 

be fully responsive to the requests of this committee. 

Appalachia has made considerable progress since ARC was created, with reductions in the poverty and infant mortality rates and 

increases in per capita income. But many significant challenges remain, particularly within the context of the current economic down-
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turn, in which three-fourths of Appalachia’s 420 counties have unemployment rates higher than national rates. Your committee recognized the importance of ARC’s work in 2008 when it provided a 

5-year reauthorization of the Commission’s programs. 

If I am confirmed I will be committed to carrying out the objectives of the 2008 Reauthorization. In 2010 the Commission will be 

developing a new strategic plan. This document will be the Commission’s compass and will reflect the 2008 authorization and the 

priorities of the Appalachian Governors. While I don’t want to prejudge the policy, the policy choices that the Commission may make 

as part of the process, I think the Commission’s recent work in 

three particular areas merits strong consideration as priorities for 

the ARC in the future. The first is in continuing to complete the 

Appalachian Development Highway system. The second is to 

strengthen the competitiveness of Appalachian communities 

through better access to and use of broadband technology. And 

third helping Appalachian States and local governments diversify 

their economies through new jobs and renewable energy and energy efficiency. 

Much of the success of the ARC stems from the fact that it is a 

bottom-up approach to economic development. ARC projects originate at the local level. The ARC system is designed to ensure that 

the agency grants reflect local and State priorities. The region’s 

local development agencies and districts are critical to this process. 

If I am confirmed I will respect this local, State, Federal approach 

to community and economic development. 

I am honored by the confidence President Obama has placed in 

me to lead the Appalachian Regional Commission. The ARC was 

conceived and pursued by a group of Appalachian Governors, advocated by Presidents Johnson and Kennedy and enacted and reauthorized by Congress on a bipartisan basis. It has an ambitious 

agenda with some very modest resources. 

At the end of the day, if I am confirmed my objective will be that 

each Federal dollar expended will be an investment in the economic futures of Appalachian families, that will generate a return 

for American taxpayers. I look forward to the opportunity of working with this committee in a common mission, providing greater 

economic opportunities for the 23 million Americans who call Appalachia home. 

I would be glad to answer your questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Gohl follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you. 

OK, here is where we are. We have moved up the votes to 4 

o’clock, Senators. Therefore, because we don’t want to lose the TVA 

folks, I am going to ask if you could withhold your questions and 

please just put them in the record. We will make sure that they 

get answered before we have a meeting to move any of these nominees as well as the TVA. Is there objection to that? Because I’m 

worried that the TVA—— 

Senator CARDIN. I just want to make sure we will have a chance 

for the answers to put in the record before we are asked to vote. 

Senator BOXER. Yes, that is what I said. We will not—until everybody has their questions answered in writing we won’t move on 

any of these. I just don’t want to run the risk of having our great 

TVA stalwarts now get trapped by a vote. Thank you. We will move 

forward. 

Mr. Blitz. 

STATEMENT OF SANDFORD BLITZ, NOMINATED TO BE FEDERAL COCHAIRPERSON, NORTHERN BORDER REGIONAL 

COMMISSION 

Mr. BLITZ. Thank you, Chairman Boxer and members of the Environment and Public Works Committee. President Obama’s submission of my nomination and my appearance here today before 

this august body is the greatest honor that has ever been bestowed 

upon me. Not only me, but to my family. 

I am humbled by the confidence that has been shown in me and 

pledge to you that if confirmed, I will be sure to justify that confidence. And while I am speaking of family, the only family that 

was able to get here because of the weather is my wife, Mona, my 

partner for over 40 years. 

Senator BOXER. Welcome. 

Mr. BLITZ. My story is similar to others that have previously appeared before the Senate. That is to say, I am a second generation 

American. My maternal and paternal grandparents were born in 

Europe. My mother, very early in the lives of her children, became 

a single parent. Our mother, Ida Blitz, was the quintessential 

mother, protecting and nurturing her three children to allow them 

to grow to be productive citizens in society and to have their own 

families. 

As a result of my mother’s emphasis on the importance of an 

education I became the first member of my extended family to 

enter college and receive a degree. I am a native New Yorker who 

has lived and worked in New England since 1964. My employment 

career history includes working for the private sector for small and 

large corporations as well as being employed in the non-profit sector. In addition I created and operated my own consulting business 

for over 12 years. 

However, the majority of my career has been spent in public 

service, and I must say the most satisfying of my vocational career. 

I am not going to go over that because you already heard it from 

the two Senators, and it will be in my statement that is entered 

into the record. 

Senator BOXER. We will put it into the record. 

Mr. BLITZ. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Chairman. 
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Throughout my Government career and my consulting business 

I have been involved in economic development issues and intergovernmental relations. As an adjunct assistant professor with the Department of Public Administration at the University of Maine, I 

teach graduate classes in economic development, intergovernmental 

relations and regional governance. All three of these courses are directly related to the work of the regional commission. 

I have been focused on economic challenges faced by the Northern Border area for over 10 years and have witnessed how this region, which crosses four State boundaries, experiences common economic challenges. This is a region that is particularly well suited 

for the coordinated development approach pioneered by the Appalachian Regional Commission. I hope we can replicate many of the 

Commission’s successes. 

In November 2003 I set up a conference in Bangor, Maine, to encourage this type of regional development with the theme, The 

Emerging International Northeast: The Imperative, A Regional Coherence. Based on my years of economic development experience in 

the region, I am very encouraged by the potential that the Regional 

Commission will bring to the Northern Border States. I applaud 

the Congress for establishing this Commission. 

Furthermore, I am honored to be nominated to be the first to 

hold the position of Federal Cochair of the Commission, if confirmed. 

I believe that bringing Maine, New Hampshire, New York and 

Vermont together with the assistance of the Federal Government 

will result in far sighted, well conceived approaches to bring opportunity to the northern border. Additionally, at this time of increased economic distress the NBRC will be another vehicle with 

resources to assist in the creation of much-needed jobs in a region 

under enormous economic strain. 

As I said earlier, I have worked for many years in the economic 

development field throughout New England. I am dedicated to finding effective economic strategies, improving public infrastructure as 

well as assisting private sector job creating initiatives. I believe 

that the Northern Border Regional Commission represents a 

unique and invaluable resource to improve the lives of all who live 

in this broad region. If confirmed I will spare no effort to ensure 

that the Commission fulfills this great promise. 

Chairman Boxer and members of the committee, I appreciate 

this opportunity to appear before you and to familiarize you with 

my background. I look forward to responding to any questions that 

committee members may have. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Blitz follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you so much. 

Gentlemen, I am going to go down the row. I have certain questions I have to ask you for the record. I will just go down the row. 

Do you agree, if confirmed by the Senate, to appear before this 

committee or designated members of this committee and other appropriate committees of the Congress and provide information, subject to appropriate and necessary security protection, with respect 

to your responsibilities? 

Mr. Elkins. 

Mr. ELKINS. Yes, ma’am. 

Mr. BLITZ. Yes. 

Mr. GOHL. Yes. 

Senator BOXER. All right. Do you agree to ensure that testimony, 

briefings, documents and electronic and other forms of communication are provided to this committee and its staff and other appropriate committees in a timely fashion? 

Mr. ELKINS. Yes, I do. 

Mr. GOHL. Yes. 

Mr. BLITZ. Yes. 

Senator BOXER. Do you know of any matters which you may or 

may not have disclosed that might place you in any conflict of interest if you are confirmed? 

Mr. ELKINS. No. 

Mr. GOHL. No. 

Mr. BLITZ. None. 

Senator BOXER. All right. We want to just thank you very, very 

much. We will get you some questions. But in the meantime, get 

home safely, and thank you very much. 

We will ask our TVA panel to come up at this time. 

[Pause.] 

Senator BOXER. I am going to ask if the panel could take its seat 

because we have to make sure that we are out of here around 10 

after 4 so that we can make our votes. 

I am very pleased to convene this hearing on the nominations of 

Marilyn Brown, Barbara Haskew, Neil McBride and William 

Sansom to the board of the Tennessee Valley Authority. 

The Tennessee Valley Authority is a critical piece of our Nation’s 

energy policy. In 1933 it was an ambitious, unprecedented and successful Government effort to improve a deeply impoverished area. 

Its mandate is to be a national leader in technological innovation, 

low cost power and environmental stewardship. I want to repeat 

that. You have a mandate in three areas: technological innovation, 

low cost power and environmental stewardship. 

In 2010 that mandate is even more important. Our Nation is on 

the brink of tremendous energy and environmental opportunities. 

If our Nation acts now to develop and manufacture clean energy 

technologies, and we do it right, I believe our communities, our 

families, our health and our economy will all benefit. 

The tragic coal ash disaster at TVA Kingston fossil plant over a 

year ago highlighted some of the hidden costs to public health and 

safety and the need to rethink how a utility should be managed in 

the 21st century. So you will be there at a time of great opportunity and challenge. 
76 

I believe TVA’s board must help to lead the way in developing 

and using clean energy technologies, must ensure that TVA does 

not repeat the mistakes of the past, and must do everything it can 

to make the people affected by the spill and its aftermath whole. 

We have met—I know Senator Alexander has and I have—some of 

the people that were dislocated as a result of that tragic episode. 

I believe that TVA should also increase its commitment to its 

core mission, or the missions. I look forward to hearing from you 

about how specifically you view your mission on those three areas, 

low cost power, technology innovation and environmental stewardship. 

[The prepared statement of Senator Boxer follows:] 

STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

I am very pleased to convene this hearing on the nomination of Marilyn A. Brown, 

Barbara S. Haskew, Neil G. McBride and William B. Sansom to the Board of the 

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). 

The Tennessee Valley Authority is a critical piece of our Nation’s energy policy. 

In 1933, it was an ambitious, unprecedented and successful Government effort to 

improve a deeply impoverished area. Its mandate is to be a national leader in technological innovation, low cost power, and environmental stewardship. 

In 2010, that mandate is even more important. Our Nation is on the brink of tremendous energy and environmental opportunities that can create new jobs and economic growth in our country. If our Nation acts now to develop and manufacture 

clean energy technologies, our communities, our families, our health and our economy will all benefit. 

The tragic coal ash disaster at the TVA Kingston Fossil Plant over a year ago 

highlighted some of the hidden costs to public health and safety from fossil fuel 

based energy and the need to rethink how a utility should be managed in the 21st 

century. 

I believe that the TVA’s Board must help to lead the way in developing and using 

clean energy technologies, must ensure that TVA does not repeat the mistakes of 

the past, and it must do everything that it can to make the people affected by the 

spill and its aftermath whole. The TVA must also increase its commitment to its 

core mission of environmental stewardship and to protecting the health and safety 

of all communities affected by its operations. 

I look forward to hearing from the nominees about specifically how they would 

help to guide TVA to achieve its mission of being a national leader in low cost 

power, technological innovation and environmental stewardship. 

Senator BOXER. In the remaining time, I am going to put into the 

record a statement by Senator Carper. He wanted me to tell you 

this, that he very much wanted to attend the hearing, as he is the 

Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee, of this committee’s Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety, which oversees the 

TVA. Unfortunately, he is detained in a meeting that has long been 

scheduled, and he will probably not attend, although he is trying 

to. Senator Carper wanted me to tell you he shares my view that 

the TVA should be a leader in our clean energy economy, and not 

a lagger. These nominees before us today can help change the culture at the TVA. He looks forward to meeting all of the TVA nominees in person, and he will have questions for the record. 

With that I will call on Senator Alexander. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Madam Chair, I thank you for your comments, and I welcome the witnesses. I said most of what I had to 

say a little earlier. 

We had a hearing this morning at which there was a lot of head 

nodding around this table from both Democrats and Republicans 

about the President’s three nominees for the Nuclear Regulatory 
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Commission. They each seem exceptionally well qualified. And the 

Tennessee Valley Authority at the moment is the Nation’s leader 

in construction of new nuclear power plants. 

The reason I was encouraged by the nominees this morning was 

because of a series of actions that President Obama has taken in 

the last several weeks, which are extremely important. One is the 

President said in his State of the Union address that he looks forward to a new generation of safe, clean nuclear reactors. That is 

important, because the Government is not going to build any nuclear reactors. The utilities are going to build them, and the ratepayers are going to help pay for them. We might help them get 

started a little bit. But the Presidential leadership is key. 

The President also appointed a number of outstanding members 

to a new commission that would deal with what to do with used 

nuclear fuel. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission today says it can 

be stored safely onsite for maybe 60 or maybe 80 years. But we 

need a better way to recycle the fuel than we now have today. So 

we ought to take the time to do that well and not be content with, 

for example, what France does. 

The President also endorsed $54 billion of support for loan guarantees for new nuclear power plants. I favor that, although to be 

consistent I would prefer that the loan guarantees be for any low 

carbon energy because I would like to see us move away from a 

production tax credit for wind and an investment tax credit for 

solar and a renewable energy standard that just has a few sorts 

of clean energy. I would like to see us focus on all clean energy and 

recognize that in different parts of the country one thing may be 

appropriate here, another thing may cost less here. 

The President also has appointed an Energy Secretary who fully 

understands nuclear energy and has helped our Government take 

good, sound steps in the right direction. So we have a long way to 

go. But TVA, as the Chair said, is a unique agency. It is a Federal 

agency. It has a responsibility to be a leader in things that help 

our country, and one of those is clean energy. And from my point 

of view, and as we get to questions, if I don’t have time I will put 

them in writing, because I have discussed them with each of you, 

the by far most appropriate clean energy for our region is nuclear 

power. We know how to do it. It would be hard to make a mistake 

building it because coal plants are going to come under increasing 

pressure, and we are going to need electricity. Even if we reduce— 

we talk a lot about conservation and efficiency, which all of us support. And I hope you can make great strides on that, about electric 

cars, which all of us support. Tennessee ought to be the center of 

that. 

So I hope your creativity is directed toward making Tennessee 

Valley a leader in the use of electric cars, in conservation and efficiency. But to maintain that leadership in helping this Nation 

produce nuclear energy again. That will help us have low cost 

power in the region, and it will help us have clean air and carbon 

free air. 

I thank the Chair, and I will save any other remarks for questions. 

Senator BOXER. Thank you. 
78 

I am going to start with Ms. Brown, and we will go down. If you 

can each keep to 5 minutes, then we will get out of here just at 

the time the vote starts. And then you can get safely to your aircraft, I hope. 

Go ahead. 

STATEMENT OF MARILYN A. BROWN, NOMINATED TO BE A 

MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

Ms. BROWN. Thank you very much, Madam Chair and Senator 

Alexander. It is an honor to appear before you as a nominee to the 

Tennessee Valley Board of Directors. I truly appreciate being nominated by President Obama, and I am grateful for the committee’s 

consideration of my candidacy. 

I would also like to acknowledge my daughter, Katie Southworth, 

who is here. Katie, would you raise your hand? She is a new graduate of the University of Tennessee College of Law. 

I approach my nomination with tremendous esteem for the Tennessee Valley Authority and what the institution represents. The 

Tennessee Valley is a land of opportunities. It is rich with resources, abundant in beauty and blessed with a unique history and 

tradition. TVA is an essential part of that history and continues to 

occupy a critical role in the lives of Valley residents and the regional economy. 

You have before you in my written testimony the details of my 

career. I am not going to reiterate those; rather I am going to fast 

forward to 2006 which is when I left Oak Ridge National Laboratory, after 22 years working in and eventually leading their energy 

efficiency and renewable energy program. Since moving from Oak 

Ridge to Atlanta, where I teach at the George Institute of Technology, my concern for the energy challenges facing the southeast 

and the Nation have grown. Consumption of electricity is increasing rapidly, particularly during periods of peak demand. While efforts to manage the growing appetite for energy are often inadequate I am confident that a variety of practical solutions are available to manage TVA’s growing demand while ensuring reasonable 

prices, reliable service, responsible environmental practices and 

economic growth. 

The challenge of energy security also looms large. And in that 

case electricity markets and policies can also provide solutions. 

TVA and other electric utilities can make the region and the country more secure by using its off-peak electricity to electrify cars, 

and by using plug-in vehicles to back up the grid. So loss of opportunities, just as TVA has converted challenges into opportunities in 

its past, TVA can contribute to bringing opportunities to the Tennessee Valley today. 

If confirmed I commit to working closely with you and my fellow 

board members to promote TVA’s energy, environmental and economic mission. I look forward to answering any questions you have 

perhaps later in writing. Thank you. 

[The prepared statement of Ms. Brown follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you so much, Ms. Brown. 

Ms. Haskew. 

STATEMENT OF BARBARA S. HASKEW, NOMINATED TO BE A 

MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

Ms. HASKEW. Good afternoon, Madam Chairman and members of 

this committee. I believe that is Senator Alexander at this time, 

and I want to thank you for your kind words. 

I am honored, certainly, to appear before you today to be considered for appointment to the Board of Directors of the Tennessee 

Valley Authority. I am also deeply honored by the President’s nomination of me for a position on this board. I do want to acknowledge 

our two daughters who are here today through a great deal of ingenuity, my daughter Bonnie McMullen from Kansas City and my 

daughter Holly Tambling, who is from California. 

Senator BOXER. Welcome. 

Ms. HASKEW. I want to also say that my roots run very deep in 

the Tennessee Valley. Today we make our home on Raccoon Mountain, where TVA’s pumped storage facility is located. I can stand 

in my back yard and look west and see the Sequoyah nuclear plant 

in the distance. 

My education and professional experience of more than four decades have developed management and leadership skills that qualify 

me, I think, for service on the TVA board. Many of these were developed in leadership positions at the Tennessee Valley Authority 

and at Middle Tennessee State University. During the 1980s I 

served TVA as the manager of rates, developing rate structures designed to both provide cost-based revenues and shape TVA’s power 

load. I was part of the team that negotiated rates with TVA power 

distributors and discussed rate issues with large industrial customers. These involvements deepened my understanding of the 

needs and concerns of the Valley customers and consumers. It was 

a challenging decade for TVA and Valley consumers as rising fuel 

and interest costs produced significant rate increases. 

But it was also a period when TVA experimented with alternative technologies and applications. These were designed to use 

power more efficiently and to price it in ways that encouraged conservation. I built additional leadership expertise over 14 years in 

the positions, dean of the college of business and as provost and 

vice president of Middle Tennessee State University, managing 

hundreds of faculty and staff and large budgets. I also served on 

professional and public service boards at the national and regional 

levels, which added to my leadership and governance understanding. 

In recent years I have returned to teaching, focusing my research 

on the interactions in the southeast between energy, economic 

growth, education and the region’s population and labor pools. And 

to echo your remarks, Madam Chairman, I too have noted and Senator Alexander has emphasized to me that the TVA Act requires 

board members to affirm support for the objectives and missions of 

the corporation. These include being a national leader in technological innovation, low cost power and environmental stewardship. 

As an economist and as a citizen I am focused on these opportuni-
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ties and challenges that TVA faces as it addresses important questions about power production and use, the increased protection of 

the environment, and the exciting potential of new technologies. 

I believe that I can contribute to these discussions, and I too look 

forward to answering your questions. 

[The prepared statement of Ms. Haskew follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you. 

Mr. McBride. 

STATEMENT OF NEIL G. MCBRIDE, NOMINATED TO BE A MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

Mr. MCBRIDE. Thank you, Madam Chair, Senator Alexander. I 

am honored and humbled by the President’s nomination and your 

consideration of my appointment to the Tennessee Valley Authority 

Board of Directors. 

My son Allen is here in the audience. I am very happy to have 

him with us today. 

You have my written statement. I am going to try to point out 

very briefly how I feel about TVA as an institution and the principles that I would be guided by if I am confirmed as a board member. The recent Ken Burns documentary on our national parks 

called them America’s Best Idea. I have always felt that TVA was 

also one of America’s best ideas. The creation of an agency that 

would turn America’s industrial, engineering and organizational 

talent to the benefit of one of the poorest regions in our country 

is still an important and inspiring commitment. 

If I am confirmed as a board member, I would try to be guided 

by four principles. First, the Board’s primary obligation is to assure 

a reliable supply of fairly priced electric power for the people, businesses and industries of the Tennessee Valley. 

Second, the Board should continue to support the efforts by CEO 

Tom Kilgore and his staff to ensure that each one of the TVA divisions, managers and employees understands the importance of all 

four of TVA’s missions: electric power production, environmental 

stewardship, water management and economic development. 

Madam Chair, I add that fourth out of the sense of the history of 

TVA as a water manager in our region. But whether you have 

three or four missions, managers and employees should not just be 

driven by the one mission they happen to work with. 

Third, the Board should promote accountability and transparency 

in its own work and out of the agency. 

The final principle is one I was reminded of when I recently visited TVA’s Bull Run Steam Plant, just a few miles from my home. 

The plant’s visitor’s overlook has an historic marker just like the 

ones you would find in a national park. Across the bottom of the 

marker in big steel letters are the words ‘‘Built for the people of 

the United States of America.’’ I would challenge the Board and the 

staff to ensure that both the people of the Valley and the people 

of American benefit from the programs and the idea of this unique 

American institution. 

I look forward to answering any questions you might have and 

especially to hearing your views on the complex issues that TVA 

is facing. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. McBride follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you. 

Mr. Sansom. 

STATEMENT OF WILLIAM B. SANSOM, NOMINATED TO BE A 

MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 

Mr. SANSOM. Madam Chairman and Senator Alexander, I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today. I don’t have any 

family back here to introduce. 

I appreciate the nomination, again, for a potential second term 

from President Obama. And I appreciate the support of Lamar Alexander and Bob Corker and the Tennessee delegation. 

I was one of the first ones on this new board to be part of the 

transition from a three-person full-time board to a nine-person 

part-time board. It took us a while to figure out we were part-time. 

But anyway one of the first things we did was develop a strategy 

for TVA. I think what we looked for was to strengthen our financial 

stability and our performance; customer satisfaction was important 

in what we did then and still do. We wanted to be a top quartile 

performer in what we did. 

Then after that we adopted a new environmental policy, which 

in addition to having reliable low cost power we would have clean 

power. And Senator, in response to your comment, about 40 percent of your power is clean today. Our goal in this environmental 

policy was to be 50 percent by 2020 of clean power. With that we 

have been aggressive in getting our Watts Bar nuclear plant approved and under construction. We hope it is online by 2012. 

We are currently underway with our energy efficiency plans, trying to be more efficient in what we do with our customers, working 

with our distributors to do that, and our demand side also. With 

that we are working on our opportunity to provide power for electric cars. Since you have been flexible to allow us to come here before you today, I am going to cut my testimony and look forward 

to the opportunity, if you will, to serve on the Board. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Sansom follows:] 
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Senator BOXER. Thank you very much, Mr. Sansom. 

So we have just a couple of minutes here. I have been troubled 

by something, and I guess I would start with Mr. Sansom, and 

then I would like to hear a little bit of an opinion down the row 

if you can. In 2006 North Carolina sued the TVA in an effort to 

get pollution controls put on some coal plants. Testimony that the 

State put on North Carolina in the trial, they estimated that TVA 

pollution caused 1,400 premature deaths a year and $8.4 billion in 

health care costs. 

Now, North Carolina won that suit, and it has been appealed by 

the TVA. I wrote a letter asking you not to appeal it because as 

I look at the charter, if you are supposed to be protecting the 

health of the people why would you fight a court order that said 

you have to put best available pollution controls on your coal-fired 

plants? 

So I guess what I want to know is whether you, Mr. Sansom, 

agreed with that decision to fight back against this judge and why, 

if so; and from the others, if you don’t want to get into the details, 

just a general response. If a court finds that there were deaths, I 

mean, I don’t know why we would want to fight that. Why wouldn’t 

we want to work with a neighboring State to fix it? 

Yes, Mr. Sansom. 

Mr. SANSOM. Madam Chairman, we are working with EPA to 

work on a global plan, if you will, at TVA for cleaning up our 

plants. The North Carolina suit put a pretty harsh burden on us 

on time. We had schedules to do these clean ups, and we have been 

installing our clean systems in the coal plants, SCRs. There was 

no way with that lawsuit to meet the clean up time that was put 

on us to do that. 

Senator BOXER. OK. So you personally believe they have a point, 

you are going to clean this up, you are going to put the pollution 

controls on, but you couldn’t meet the timeframe laid out by the 

trial judge? Is that why? 

Mr. SANSOM. That is right. 

Senator BOXER. That is why you voted to appeal. If I could get 

a general comment about the responsibility of TVA to clean up and 

to not pollute in the first place, Mr. McBride, and we will go down. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. Madam Chair, I would add to Bill’s comment a 

broader notion that if the Board is successful in getting the staff 

of TVA to recognize each of its missions and see investment in environmental control as an investment in an important aspect of its 

overall mission that the agency wouldn’t be driven so much by the 

technicality of an EPA regulation or an order of the court. I would 

like to see us reach that broader level of commitment. 

Senator BOXER. I appreciate that. 

Ms. Haskew. 

Ms. HASKEW. Well, certainly since I am not yet on the Board I 

can’t speak as a member of the Board. Nor have I read the legal 

decision. But I am sensitive to the comments that Mr. Sansom said 

about time in response. I would like to also emphasize that at least 

by looking at the public press and what it has said about this, not 

only the North Carolina suit but about Kingston, and what TVA 

has responded, I have certainly seen a lot of comments, and in comments or discussions with Mr. Kilgore, who is the chief executive 
327 

officer, increased commitment to TVA to more clean power. Mr. 

Sansom referenced this, and the desire to have 50 percent in clean 

power by 2020. Also, I think TVA has moved to close down one of 

its coal-fired plants that it felt the cost of it, to clean it up, was 

going to be too great. 

So I think TVA is moving in that direction. I think its emphasis 

upon nuclear power is clearly a part of that. 

Senator BOXER. Well, you are going to be a member of the Board, 

so you are going to help move it in one direction or the other. I just 

think you need to be a good neighbor. This is not a good situation, 

North Carolina suing TVA, it is a bad situation. 

Ms. HASKEW. Yes. 

Senator BOXER. Ms. Brown. 

Ms. BROWN. If confirmed I surely would strongly commit to 

TVA’s living up to its obligation of environmental stewardship. I 

am probably the least familiar with the lawsuit that you have mentioned. But I have read the TVA environmental policy newly published about a year ago. It does commit to meeting a large portion 

of new electricity demand with efficiency investments. Helping to 

meet the remaining growth of demand with clean power and upgrading the environmental performance of its existing generation. 

So I am convinced that VA appreciates—has a strategy to going 

forward. I will certainly help in that regard. 

Senator BOXER. Yes, you may need to push a little bit. 

Senator, the floor is yours. Then Senator Whitehouse, and you 

will be on your way. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Thanks, Madam Chair. 

I appreciate Senator Boxer’s question. Maybe the Congress will 

be able to give TVA a little help on this, Madam Chair. Senator 

Carper and I have been introducing legislation for the last 6 years 

to require national standards for sulfur, nitrogen and mercury, now 

mercury in emissions. The landscape has changed because we now 

have better technology for mercury. We have 11 co-sponsors of that 

legislation, 5—about an equal number of Democrats and Republicans and one Independent. That will help the Tennessee Valley 

greatly because while TVA is the source of some of our dirty air 

a lot of it blows in from other States. We simply can’t clean up the 

Valley by ourselves. 

So I am very hopeful that, Madam Chair, that we will be able 

to consider that legislation this year. We have some differences 

over carbon and how to approach it in the Senate. But I see a consensus that we know what to do on sulfur, nitrogen, mercury, and 

there is no excuse for not going ahead with it in terms of our 

health, in terms of the smog of the Smokies, in terms of being able 

to recruit jobs. I mean, a Volkswagen supplier can’t come to Chattanooga if Chattanooga can’t get an air quality permit because 

dirty air blows in from Ohio or from TVA plants, either one. 

So I understand that can’t all be done overnight. But it needs to 

be done. The bottom line to me is there is really not any excuse 

for TVA operating coal-fired power plants that don’t have the current available technology for sulfur, nitrogen and mercury emissions, period, which leads me to my question. 

Mr. Sansom, I will start with you. 
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If that means that we might have fewer coal plants in the future, 

and if the region is growing, and even if you do a good job on conservation and efficiency, which I hope you will do, where is TVA 

going to get its power? If the answer is nuclear, are you prepared— 

I know TVA restarted the application for Bellefonte I reactor and 

has the option of going to Bellefonte II, III and IV. Are you prepared to complete the reactor at Bellefonte I? 

Mr. SANSOM. Senator, I will first answer you on the clean part. 

We think this is part of our solution. We have some old, dirty coal 

plants. If we can build these nuclear plants, and even if we were 

to miss the call on demand, which I might say even on January the 

7th—I think the 7th or the 9th—we had almost our peak demand 

again even though the economy is down, consumption of energy is 

down. What we are doing, we have gone back and gotten our deferred status back for Bellefonte I. And the next in that process 

would be to get a construction permit from NRC to finish that 

plant that at one point was about 85 percent complete. It is now 

about 65 because we took things out of it over the years. 

But that would allow us to bring on that plant about 2017. Then 

we are also looking at Bellefonte II, which would be behind that. 

And then we were involved in New Start, still there. We have put 

this ahead of New Start. 

So to answer your question, yes, we are trying to pursue nuclear. 

If Watts Bar comes online in 2012, and then we hope Bellefonte I 

in 2017 and then maybe four or 5 years later, II. So that is our 

aim, to try to get clean air, if you will, and have clean power. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Mr. McBride. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. I believe that TVA has more opportunity for demand reduction than it is assuming. And if it challenged in an appropriate way might be able to reduce demand, as I say, more than 

they are projecting. Having said that I don’t think they could reduce demand enough to eliminate the need for new production, 

which in the short run almost certainly has to come from new nuclear power generation. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Ms. Haskew. 

Ms. HASKEW. I agree in large part with Mr. McBride here. I 

think that we ought to pursue or TVA ought to pursue and its distributors ought to pursue all those activities that will lead to demand reduction and more efficient use of energy. But then as we— 

to support economic growth I think we have to have the low cost 

power, and that additional power may have to be through nuclear. 

I don’t see in all the information that I have read about clean coal 

technology any that can really show that it is, at this point, clean. 

Ms. BROWN. I look forward to working with the CEO of TVA on 

the development of a new strategic plan that would lay out a path 

forward for meeting the mission of the corporation. I do hope that 

one of the tasks will be to try to explain as much of the combined 

heat and power that exists in the Valley. I know that there is a 

lot that is going unexploited. I hear about 5 megawatts of vented 

heat from metals production facilities that can’t be captured for 

various reasons. 

I am quite interested in exploring every little bit of waste heat 

and waste power that we can capture to offset the need for investing in upgrades and new expansion, although I am pro-nuclear. I 
329 

do think it needs to be part of the solution. I look forward to bring 

Watts Bar online quickly and to exploring how many additional nuclear reactors are needed. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Madam Chair, I have other questions which 

I will submit in writing. I know Senator Whitehouse hasn’t had a 

chance to say anything. 

Senator BOXER. Yes, Senator Whitehouse, and then we are going 

to vote. I have just the pro forma questions I have to ask each of 

you. 

Yes, Senator. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. Thank you, and to each of you, welcome 

and congratulations on your nominations. Well done getting here 

through the adverse conditions that Washington, DC, presents to 

travelers today. 

Let me ask just very quickly each of you whether Earth’s atmosphere and climate are being significantly and adversely affected by 

man-made carbon pollution and other greenhouse gases. 

Ms. Brown. 

Ms. BROWN. I do think that the bulk of the evidence suggests 

that mankind is interfering with the global climate. As a result, the 

climate is warming and becoming more extreme. We do need to attend to that. The certainty is not 100 percent, but we need to take 

a risk averse and insurance type of approach and consider what we 

can do that is good for the economy and good for the environment 

in the meantime while we figure out exactly the extent and the 

cause of the problem. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. Ms. Haskew. 

Ms. HASKEW. In the economics texts from which I teach my students it refers to climate change and global warming are referred 

to as the mother of all externalities. Which means that by the time 

we could see the full negative impact of these forces it might be too 

late to address them. Because that might be 40 or 50 years. 

So yes, I think the science does indicate that greenhouse gases 

are a problem for our environment. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. Mr. McBride. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. As I said earlier about the need to recognize all 

of TVA’s missions I would start by saying it is important to recognize the health, environmental, human impact of all of TVA’s operations and not be guided simply by the technical limits of Federal 

or State regulation. Having said that, I believe that there is enough 

evidence to suggest that there are global impacts beyond the local 

public health and environmental impacts that the prudent thing for 

all producers of power and carbon emissions and other greenhouse 

gases to do is to assume that they are having an impact. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. Mr. Sansom. 

Mr. SANSOM. I agree that TVA has an impact, and we need to 

continue to work on cleaning up what we do. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. You don’t doubt that. We hear some remarkable things said in this room about climate change from time 

to time. I just wanted to make sure that there was no doubt in anybody’s mind here that climate change is happening, and it is happening as a result of human emissions, and that the consequences 

are adverse for our planet and species. I am seeing four nodding 

heads. So I will leave it at that. 
330 

In the short minute I have remaining, let me ask this. There has 

been substantial talk about the impossibility of a Government-run 

entity to run efficiently and to in fact manage anything. And here 

stands TVA, lasted quite a long time. Comparing yourselves to privately owned electric utilities how would you react to the theory 

that if it is Government-run it must be inefficient and wasteful? 

Mr. Sansom. 

Mr. SANSOM. I am a business person. I would have tended to say 

that private industry might do a better job. TVA is—what I will 

say now after being there for about 4 years—is a very good model. 

I think we have the opportunity to run it right. I think this Board 

structure has helped it, with our strategies and what we are doing, 

with what we have done as a Board to get management and have 

these goals of being as good as any corporate performance. You are 

our shareholder. I think we can operate and be responsive to our 

shareholders and have low cost power and do it in the model that 

TVA is. I think it is an excellent model. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. I am down to 12 seconds. Does anybody 

disagree that by virtue of being—does anybody disagree with the 

proposition that a Government-run organization can be as efficient 

as a privately run organization? Nobody disagrees with it. Good. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. I would restate it, Senator, and say that it can 

provide a different kind and maybe even more important value to 

the people and the mission that it is intended to serve. 

Senator WHITEHOUSE. Thank you. Well said. 

Senator BOXER. Thank you, Senator. 

Well, I am going to go down the row, starting with Ms. Brown, 

and ask you these pro forma questions, but very important ones. 

Do you agree, if confirmed by the Senate, to appear before this 

committee or designated members of this committee and other appropriate committees of the Congress and provide information, subject to appropriate and necessary security protection, with respect 

to your responsibilities? 

Ms. BROWN. Yes, I do. 

Ms. HASKEW. Yes, I do. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. Yes. 

Mr. SANSOM. Yes, I do. 

Senator BOXER. All right. Two, do you agree to ensure that testimony, briefings, documents, electronic and other forms of communication are provided to this committee and its staff and other appropriate committees in a timely manner? 

Ms. BROWN. I do. 

Ms. HASKEW. I do. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. Yes. 

Mr. SANSOM. I do. 

Senator BOXER. Do you know of any matters which you may or 

may not have disclosed that might place you in any conflict of interest if you are confirmed? 

Ms. BROWN. I do not. 

Ms. HASKEW. No. 

Mr. MCBRIDE. No. 

Mr. SANSOM. No. 

Senator BOXER. Excellent. Well, we want to really thank you 

from the bottom of our hearts for all of this. I want to thank Sen-
331 

ator Alexander, because he really single handedly kind of hauled 

you back in here when we thought you were already gone. And it 

turned out you weren’t. So this is good. 

And now we wish you well. Have a good flight back. 

Senator ALEXANDER. Madam Chair, may I thank you? 

Senator BOXER. Yes, you may. 

Senator ALEXANDER. On behalf of all of us Senators, but I think 

the witnesses and the families and TVA especially, your willingness to be really flexible today has been a big help. And I thank 

you for that. 

Senator BOXER. Happy to do it. Listen, it is out of respect for all 

these fine people and their families. But in addition, the job is so 

crucial. We just in a couple of questions laid out how important the 

job is. It is amazingly important. You could really just lead the 

country in this whole arena. So we are excited to have you on 

board and look forward to moving your nominations expeditiously. 

Thank you very much, and we stand adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 4:08 p.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

[An additional statement submitted for the record follows:] 

STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES M. INHOFE, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA

Thank you, Madam Chairman, for making last-minute adjustments to today’s 

hearing. I think it makes sense, given the weather situation, to hold a hearing for 

all of these nominees this afternoon. I want to extend a welcome to the nominees 

and their families here today. I will be supporting all of the nominees, and I look 

forward to working with them. 

Let me first address the nominee for Inspector General of the Environmental Protection Agency, Arthur Elkins, Jr. Mr. Elkins, you have your work cut out for you. 

Among other things, there needs to be an unbiased investigation into how EPA 

made its endangerment finding for greenhouse gases. This finding will lead to policies that destroy jobs and raise energy prices for consumers. 

I also want to note the numerous inquiries and document requests from the minority of this committee to EPA. Those inquiries and requests have either gone unanswered or were addressed in a grossly incomplete fashion. Take a look at this 

chart. It should give you a fairly good sense of the Agency’s unresponsiveness. Mr. 

Elkins, I hope you will work with me to assure taxpayers that EPA is following the 

law and that it conducts business with openness and transparency. 

Today we also have a nominee for the Northern Border Regional Commission 

(NBRC), Sandford Blitz. I look forward to hearing how Mr. Blitz plans to manage 

this new program and how to make it work effectively for those it is designed to 

help. And we have Earl Gohl as the nominee for the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC). 

For both Mr. Gohl and Mr. Blitz the rules and regulations this Administration 

has imposed and wants to impose have at least one thing in common: they disproportionately impact rural America. So I say to you today: stand up for rural 

America, and be sure that its voice gets heard. 

Now let me turn to our TVA nominees. A critically important issue is how TVA 

is responding to the Kingston coal ash spill that occurred in December 2008 in 

Roane County, Tennessee. TVA’s CEO, Mr. Tom Kilgore, made a commitment to the 

community to clean up the site as quickly and safely as possible. I believe TVA is 

living up to its commitment. I would like to hear the nominees’ thoughts on TVA’s 

progress, what TVA can do better, and how your role on the Board will ensure that 

TVA continues to make good on its promise. 

As TVA continues clean up, EPA and the Obama administration are supposedly 

close to finalizing a proposed rule to regulate coal combustion waste. The proposal, 

from what we have gathered, attempts to regulate coal combustion waste as a hazardous waste under title C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. 

Let’s not forget that Kingston was an engineering failure. That is where our focus 

should be—we need to ensure that the coal ash impoundments are structurally 

sound. Taking the hazardous waste course that EPA is considering will not ensure 

the structural safety of the impoundments. Moreover, it will prevent the beneficial 
332 

use of coal combustion waste. This will impair our ability to build and improve 

roads and infrastructure, which is so badly needed in today’s economy. 

Madam Chairman, I look forward to hearing from the witnesses. 

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