the security policemen.
He said they could also

speak to the warders. ~

‘The court was told
that Dr Elizabeth Floyd
would also testify that
she was detained at
Bronkhorstspruit | for
three weeks and two
days without being ask-

ed any questions.

Dr Aggett had also
complained on Decem-
ber 18 to a visiting mag-
istrate that he had been
in detention but had
not been asked any
questions except for
three on the day of his
arrest.

Was Dr Aggett Deprived of a Privilege?

E)R NEIL Aggett was
Sioparently deprived of
oni; of bis few statutory

Nileges while de-
tained at John Vorster
Satare — whether in-
tentionally or through
Tnisunderstanding it
was unknown.

‘This was claimed yes-

terday during « further
evidence in the inquest
into his death in deten-
tion.

Mr George Bizos, SC,
during cross-examina-
tion of Brigadier H Mul-
ler, Security Police chief
in Johannesburg, put it
to him that on January 4
and January 6 the In-
spector of Detainees and
a magistrate tried un-
successfully to see Dr
Aggett.

Interrogation

Dr Aggett was on the
10th floor of John
Vorster Square being
interrogated. The In-
spector of Detainees
wrote in his report to
the Minister that he
had been told Dr Aggett
was out for investiga-
tion, from which he
concluded that Dr Ag-
gett was not in the
building.

Brig Muller conceded
that a misunderstand-
ing could have arisen.

but said “a mere tele-
phone call to me would
have clarified the mat-
ter.” :

Arrangements could
have been made to take
Dr Aggett down to the
magistrate.

The court was told by
Brig Muller that they
could not wait all day
for people to visit the
detainees. Their work
was to interrogate
them. It would be a dif-
ferent matter if ap-
pointments were made.

“Surely one of the
safeguards of the visits
is that they are unex-
pected,” said Mr Bizos.

Neither a magistrate
nor an inspector of de-
tainees had as far as
was known ever been
seen on the tenth floor
of John Vorster Square
where interrogations
were conducted.

Mr Bizos said he
could not see why the
visits should be cur-
tailed to detainees in
their cells as it was
possible that if an as-
sult was to take place
it was more likely to.
take place in an interro-
sation room than in a
cel ‘

“Surely, if the statute
has given a detainee

16

such a limited but pre-
cious right,’ your mea
are not entitled to frus-
trate this right by tak-
ing the detainee out of
the cell and placing him
on the tenth floor.”

Dr Aggett was seen
by a magistrate on
January 18 and comi-
plained of a1
January 4 the day
was not hvailable to the
two official

* On February'4, 14
hours before his death,
a statement was taken
regarding the assault
claim.

Mr Bizos said if it had
beeri @ common assault
and an ordinary crimi-
nal case, it would have
been Wet a wery

or it a tate-
Inent had been taken 4
month after an assault;

Mr Bizos had put it to
Brig Muller that if the
allegations of assault
were true, the sooner
they were investigated
the better for all con-
cerned.

The inquest con-
tinues today. .



SOUTH AFRICA

DE KLERK COMMENTS ON INFORMING PUBLIC
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 5 May 82 p 8

["Perspective" column by Dr Willem de Klerk: "This is the Way Information
Should Be Made Known to the People" |

[Text ] Last week, at Potchefstroom, Minister Pik Botha
warned that popular slogans will not solve the country's
problems, but that information and the honest, intelligent
use of that information would. In this "Perspective" col-
umn the reasons for this lack of information among "the
people" are looked into.

The old complaint: "My people are suffering because of a lack of information,"
was recently put into the following words by Mr Pik Botha, minister of foreign
affairs, at Potchefstroom: "It is easy to recite popular slogans before au-
diences. Slogans will not bring solutions. Information -- and the honest,
intelligent use of this information -- will bring then."

He made an appeal for school curricula to make greater provision for the dis-
semination of information all over Africa and especially South Africa. And
he reproached: "If the public had had a more thorough knowledge of the re-
quirements for a stable and orderly system in South Africa, there would not
have been such a strong tendency to break apart politically."

Someone will say that we Afrikaners like to boast so much about the fact that
we know the blacks, and that we have swallowed our political lessons together
with mother's milk.

Slogans

It may well be that we know the slogans, the words, but a great number of
people are illiterate about the facts of our reality.

This state of affairs could have several origins. Faulty information through
the popular channels of the press and the political platform.

The Afrikaans press can hardly be placed in the dock for this, because our

newspapers have been hammering for years on our people's doors with the poli-
tical facts. Instead of taking note of it, the reaction was rather that the

37



SOUTH AFRICA

PLAN TO ESTABLISH EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT VIEWED
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 21 May 82 p 8
[Article by Columnist Otto Krause: "Questions About an Executive President"]

[Text]. The office of an executive president, as proposed by the Presidential
Council, will certainly not degenerate into a dictatorship--to be sure there
is a danger that it will be much too powerless an office.

It is regrettable that the Presidential Council has done harm to its
generally positive proposals for a broader democracy with an unfortunate
additional insertion--its peculiar plan for the establishment of an
executive state president.

Naturally, under the typical conditioning of our times, it did not take long
for the voices of complaint to arise from both the Afrikaner and English
opposition against this aspect of the proposals:--This creates a dictatorship!

At the same time the Presidential Council, to be sure, wants to put a strong
man at the highest office of the land, a man who stands above party and
ethnic policy and who will be able to guide South Africa through the difficult
years of adaption.

In my opinion both the Presidential Council and its critics are wrong. The
executive president, such as described in the proposals, will be much too
weak and will not be able to play either the part of a dictator or an
impartial father figure.

Indirect

The basic reason for this is that the Presidential Council has made
provisions for an indirect election of the executive president--originally
through the white parliament and in the second round through the legislative
white, Indian and colored individual councils.

Now then, it is true that in constitutional matters it is not good enough

to simply place powers in one person or institution; the allocation of power
must also take into consideration an adaptable basis of power and make

33



IMPACT OF RECESSION EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

WE are in a recession: The price of gold is.
faround 300 dollars. The rand’s. value has
fallen sharply in relation to the dollar.
Marginal mines are more marginal than
-ever. One of them, West. Rand Consoli-
dated, will stop receiving State aid and,
as a result, its operations will. be consid-

erably curtailed.

If the price of gold falls below 300 dollars
“— and we‘de not mean just fluctuate be-
low and then back again, but fall consis-
tently — then other mines will also be
affected.

Some — we hope only alarmist _ - reports
suggest that at least 12 mines, employing
a total of 100 000 workers, are threat-

* ened.

If we urge investors as well as the public: at.
large not to panic because of the reces-
sion, it is because we have lived through
-similar periods and have found that-they
are not the end of the world. -

After a boom; there ‘is inevitably a level-

, ling off followed by economic stringency:

.We have had this up-and-down cyclical

:rsituation for years, and recovery has ak’
‘sways followed a recession and will 0.5

again.
There are other depressive factors which,
are peculiar to our own country — like

. the flight of capital and'confidence after:

Sharpeville.

But the economic controls now are ‘such,
that after the June 1976 riots in Soweto,”
the country’s economy did not suffer as
much as it did after previous disturb
ances. *

We do not, naturally, minimise the serious
consequences of a long recession. .

This country, with the rising expectations
of its Blacks, cannot afford stagnation.

42

SOUTH AFRICA


Newspaper Heads Discuss Amendment

Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 82 p 7

[text] Johannesburg--South African heads of newspapers are meeting here today and
will possibly react to the draft amendment on the Registration of Newspapers Law
which was read in parliament for the second time yesterday.

Mr Peter McLean, chairman of the Press Union of South Africa, said that represent-
atives of the four big newspaper groups -- the National Press, Presskor, SAAN and

Argus -- will be present.

The Press Union is trying to bring changes into its press council system, It em-
phasized that such changes must be voluntary.

Representatives of papers had three discussions with Mr Chris Heunis, minister of
internal affairs, during the past 3 months. The purpose of the discussions was to
determine what Mr Heunis' standpoint was after the publication of the report of
the Steyn Commission of Inquiry into the Media.

The changes which the Press Union expects are its own and comprise voluntary self-
regulation. The bill is not a result of negotiations between the Press Union and
the Government (SAPA).

Reasons for New Legislation
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 82 p 12

[Editorial] The new proposed "press legislation" and the reaction to it must be
seen against a background which goes back much farther than the controversial re-
port of the Steyn Commission which now has come up for discussion again.

Namely, due to various reasons, a need originated in the press itself to review
its own disciplinary machinery and make it more effective. What was especially
noteworthy was that right from the beginning there was a greater spirit of coop-
eration among practically all the most important papers.

The result of that spirit was quickly achieved. A new media council was designed
in principle in a manner which held the promise that it could serve as a founda-
tion for a better dispensation in the relationship between the government and the
South African press in general. The minister in question had an important part
in this.

The cornerstone of that cooperation was that papers work together voluntarily.
For the sake of true preservation of freedom of the press, there should not be
any legal pressure or intervention by the government.

But a big problem, which was also experienced in the past, was still unsolved.

Besides the papers which work together voluntarily, there is always a group --

some of whom act very irresponsibly at times -- who do not want to submit them-
selves voluntarily to the discipline from within the profession.

10



SOUTH AFRICA

CREDIT ABUSE BLAMED FOR RISE IN INTEREST RATES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 4

[Article by Jill de Villiers]

[Text]

was _ disappointment
that the interest rates
in banks were going up
at a time when it had
become _ increasingly
difficult for the con-
sumer to cope,” she
said, but added, “the
only way to curb infla-
tion is by spending
less.”

The Consumer Coun-

necessarily work hard-
er to avoid living be-
yond their means.

She said the increase
would lead to consumer
resistance which could,
in turn, lead to a drop in
prices or which could,
at least, prevent esca-
lating pricessuch as the
public had had to con-
tend with in recent

cil said liberal credit fa- times.

See ee em cilities had been allow. Mrs Joan Laubscher
Peni i ed during the past and of the National Council

Credit of the this has boomeranged of Women said in view

had al Brocess to such an extent that of the tightness of.

great consumer debt
had been created.
The announcement

had come as a shock to

consumers and would
almost certainly create
further hardships for
consumers in general.

The council was wor-
tied about the effect

money at present, one
should be prepared to
pay for it if one needed
to borrow money.

Mr A F V Viljoen,
managing director of
the SA Permanent
Building Society said
the two percent in-
crease came as a great

hat diffi announcement surprise. It would cer-
cult. times lay ahead athe have on building tainly have an adverse
and that fices society loans, effect on building socie-
would have to be made Mrs Margaret Les- ty activities.

to correct the inflation-

ary conditions facing |

Mrs Betty Hirzel,
chairman of the Con-
sumer Union, said cred-
it was used too widely
lately,. often to pur-

chase unessential lux-

‘sing of the Consumer
Union told The Citizen
that this increase
brought home to South
Africans the reality of
the recession.

She said South Africa
has been lucky to be
saddled with this. in-
crease so late in com-

- parison to the rest of *
.-the world. -

It was reasonable to
expect that banks, with
their increased earn-
ings would have to ad-
just their investment
rates upwards. Building
societies would have to
protect their invest-
ments to ensure the
continued support of
their clients, he said.

“My view is that the

would limit the use of She added that the mortgage rate will have
credit and she thought increase was no reason to be adjusted fe ate
the move was probably for dispondency. She Any revision of

a good thing.
“My first reaction

-Saw it as a challenge to

increase efficiency
which encourage people
to be smarter and not

52

would thus have a di-
rect effect on the mort-
gage rate.”



Special flexibility is built in in order to insure that the stipulations of the
bill can indeed be carried out in practice. The minister will have the authori-
ty to exclude certain areas or categories of people from the law and to grant
certain exemptions. Pitiable cases, for example, might be dealt with in this
Manner.

With respect to regional areas, the current legislation will essentially be re-
tained, although it is also included in the bill. The existing black labor
management councils will be transformed into farm residence councils, but the
powers of the functions are the same.

Unauthorized Persons

The chapter on urban areas stipulates that the minister can declare an area an
urban black area by way of a proclamation in the government gazette and that he
can alter the boundaries of black urban areas.

Unauthorized persons are not allowed to remain in the black urban areas between
10 pm and 5 am. Commuters from outside the urban areas who are on the way to or
from work are excluded from that rule.

Permanent city dwellers and their dependents are regarded as people who have been
granted authorization to remain in such black urban areas. Dependents of city-
dwellers who die will have the right to live in the urban area until they them-
selves are eligible to qualify as permanent citydwellers.

8700
CSO: 4701/94

50



MINE WORKERS SAY STRIKE ONLY OPTION LEFT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 11

[Text]

BOTH.the Council of
Mining Unions and
the Chamber of
Mines are prepared to

re-open wage negotia-
tons ¢ to avoid a strike
— but the situation is
still very fluid as each
party insists on the
talks taking a differ-
ent line.

The Council of Min-
ing Unions, announced
on Wednesday that a
country-wide strike bal-
lot would be held after
wage talks had failed.
But it is now prepare to
resume negotiations to
discuss an across-the-
board pay deal.

The Chamber “of
Mines, however, is ada-
‘vant not to budge from
its final across-the-
board offer of 3’ per-
cent, or 8,5 percent for
all miners, plus a 0,5
percent increase for
those on late shifts.

fering the council an
option for fresh talks
a

“productivity |
dea,” which could lead

to.pay increases later in
the:.year above the 9
- percent’. across-the-
board package already
offered.
The CMU is not inter-

cso: 4700/1476

ested. According to the
council's secretary, Mr
Tommy Neethling, the
latest offer has come
too late in the negotiat-
ing process to be con-.
sidered as a_ viable
alternative to the over-
all increases demanded
by his organisation.
“We want a realistic
‘acréss-the-board —_in-

crease first, then we
may consider negota-
tions on productivity,”
he said yesterday. “in
any case, we don’t have.
any idea what the
chamber has in mind
with its new offer. It.
may well demand sacri-~
fices from our members.
and worsen our posit-
ion.” “

The CMU, he said,
was satisfied that it had
exhausted all realistic
options open to it. and
had been left with no
alternative but - to
strike.

If most af its 21 000
White members opt for
strike action in the July
7 nation-wide ballot,
the council could legally
call for the laying down
af tools.

It will mean one of
the largest strikes by.
White miners since the
1922 Rand rebellion —a

56

SOUTH AFRICA

rete este a
er ‘ge-scale
mobilisation of the
country’s armed forces.

The rebellion led to
the promulgation of the
Industrial Conciliation
Act and, later, to the
fall from power of Ge-

, neral Smuts as premier.

The CMU is confident
that most of its mem-
bers would cast their
votes in favour of a

strike on July 7. ~

There is wide specu-
lation on the em-
ployers’ side, however,
that many will feel ner-
vous about a country-
wide work stoppage
and decide against such
action when it comes to
the

crunch.

Members of the in-
dustry’s three White of-
ficials' organisations —
two of which have
already organisations
— two of which have
already reached wage
agreements with the
chamber — have gone
to the rescue of mines
in previous strikes. In
one case, production ac-
tually increased during
a: wildcat laying down
of tools by council mem-
bers.



"I think it was my father-in-law's influence, because he had it against me
for having taken his daughter away from the United States."

"He told me that as I took his child away from him, he now has taken mine
away from me."

7964
csO: 4701/87

60



In reality, the real choice lies between a substantial black share, which is
achieved realistically and rationally, with a measure of mutual trust and a
complete black rule, which comes about through violence and which will un-
doubtedly be a communist state.

Hence, to sum it up, my position is: we claim that we are fighting communism,
but the manner in which we go about it is misleading. We are actually fight-
ing something else. This something else can only be the idea of accepting
blacks as equals.

Consequently, we are determined to keep our own view of racial preference from
getting lost. But this way, we are indeed guaranteeing a communist state for
our children,

This is for me a merely logical and realistic view of things. And if there

is someone who would like to argue with this, then I would be glad to hear
from hin.

8463
cso: 4701/74

48



cso:

The letter said that
deaths in detention and

ported immediately to
head office by telex.
Anyone showing
signs of depression was
to receive special atten-
tion.
“It is unneccessary to

punishable. These aille-
gations are made regu-
larly on a disturbing
scale and everything’
possible must be done
to ensure that the
world can be shown the
are unfounded,“the let-
ter said.

Mr Bizos put it to
Brig Muller that he
could not have ensured
that all was well with
Dr Aggett.

He had admitted he
was not certain of the
exact requirements re-
garding exercise for de-
tainees.

“Did you ever find out
what an awaiting-trail
detainee is entitled to
in regard to exercise?”
asked Mr Bizos.

The brigadier Teplied:
“Not specifically.”

“How could you do
your duty properly if
you did not go thor-
oughly into the: provisin.
ions of Section Six?”

It was put to Brig
Muller that legislation

a day for each detainee.
It was stressed that the
exercise should be

4700/1476

taken in the open air if
weather permitted.
Brig Muller said this
was impossible. Section
Six detainees at John
Vorster Square could
not exercise in the open
air. There was nowhere
for them to exercise.
Their exercise was
taken inside.

join members of staff
‘on jogging expeditions.

The Security Police
Chief was unaware that
Dr Aggett’s sister, Mrs
J Burger, of Pretoria,
had complained to Col
Coetzee that her broth-
er said he was not re-
ceiving hisvdally exer-
cise.

Brig Muller said he
trusted ‘his staff and
had not checked on
every aspect of their
work.

He further denied
that the Security Police
went away on Friday
taking the keys with
them and leaving
people such as Dr Ag-
gett to spend the week-
end in their cells with-

happened for a period
of a-couple of months
could you explain how
you did not find out
that your instructions
were not being carried
out?”

Brig Muller replied
that he had told Major
Cronwright to ensure
prisoners were  at-
tended to at weekends
and he had been given
the assurance this was
being done.

He said he wished to
place on record that

used by the Security
Police during field in-
vestigations.

He wished to stress
once again that the fact
that Dr Aggett was out
for three days of ques-
tioning did not mean he
was questioned con-
tinuously.

“] might add that it is
a mental strain on the”
interrogator and he
needs rest as well.”

When it was put to
Brig Muller that Dr Ag-
gett -must surely have
felt exhausted after 62
hours’ - interrogation,
he said he was sure it
was better than a three-
day drilling in the wit-
ness-box, to which he
had been- subjected.

Mr Bizos has sub-
mitted that the briga-
dier did not comply with
the instuctions set out
in the 1978 letter urging
those in authority to

Aggett was not in a cell
without cross-bars,

on February 3 he said
something to the effect
of “Surely this deten-
tion cannot go on for-
ever.”

seeing that it is carried
out is another,” said Mr
Bizos.

“The evidence is
going to be that the
conditions of detained
persons who will prob-

materially after Dr Ag-
unfortunate
death.”

Brig Muller denied
this and said: “Then I
would have to agree
that if they
markedly, they weren’t
up to scratch before his
death.” .

The inquest ‘con-
tinues on Monday be-
fore Mr. PAJ Kotze and .
one assessor.



press was crying wolf or that it "did not do a service" with its description
of facts.

For years, the political platform has failed in terms of the bold conyeyance
of facts. Our politicians have -- for various reasons, such as the argument
that you should not make people restless -- greatly contributed to the lack
of political knowledge or to the aversion to assimilating political facts.

Another reason is the fact that, generally speaking, Afrikaners are poor rea-
ders, specifically newspaper readers. As surveys show that very few newspaper
readers read editorials and columns, and that more than 45 percent of the
Afrikaners do not read any newspaper at all, it is understandable that many
of our people lack a really intelligent political background.

We are tempted to think in ideological terms. In a recent series of articles
on statistics in the year 2000, I summarized the reaction of numerous people
to these facts as follows: a "wish it away" approach, with its many variations
of "this cannot be true" or "this must not be true" or "statistics are not the
last word," or when the facts paint a dark picture, a simple “to hell with
facts."

Three approaches are particularly necessary in the short term.

The first is that political house-to-house calls will have to be restored to
their place of honor. Such an action has recently been organized in Northern
Transvaal. However, this will have to be expanded to other regions and will
also have to be followed up. During the parliamentary recess, the house-to-
house calls action will have to be given highest priority by the members of
parliament.

However, what is said during these house-to-house calls and small home meetings
is also important. Personally, I believe that the best strategy would be an
honest confrontation of the facts of our policy.

The second is that our political information services will have to clean up
their style of writing. Too many drawn out discourses are being published.
Simple direct and factual data, presented in a concrete manner, should charac-
terize informative reading matter.

The SAUK [South African Broadcasting Corporation] could -- for the sake of our
country and not for the sake of a political party -- apply itself much more
strongly to the standards which South Africa 2000 demands of today's develop-
ment. This is a third step which deserves consideration by the relevant au-
thorities.

In the long term, teachers will have to make a strong breakthrough here.
"Our schools could play a key role in disseminating information to an upcoming

generation, which would make it possible for them to ensure peace and progress
for the peoples and communities of South Africa." (Minister Pik Botha).

38



ANGOLA

COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT SAID TASK OF ALL
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Jun 82 pp 1-2
[Article by Paulo Marcos]

[Text] The Cooperative Movement Seminar in the fields of agriculture and
livestock, fishing and small industry opened yesterday morning at 10 December
hall to analyze and characterize the cooperative movement, from the respective
general law and from some aspects and concepts of support of cooperatives.

The work is to be undertaken under the joint direction of the Secretaries of
the Party Central Committee for the Productive, Organizational, Political-
Economical and Social Sectors, respectively, Manuel Pedro Pacavira, Lucio Lara
and Roberto de Almeida, as well as by the ministers of agriculture and fishing
and the national director of cooperation, Artur Vidal Gomes and Celestino
Bernardo (Tchizainga).

The seminar, promoted by the Agroindustrial Departments of the MPLA-Labor
Party Central Committee, is being participated in by the heads of the Central
Committee Departments, the coordinators of the provincial departments of the
productive sector, and the economic, social and planning development sector,
provincial directors of the KNACA [National Directorate for Agricultural
Cooperativization and Support to Individual Peasants], representatives of the
JMPLA-Party Youth, OMA, the UNACA, industrial cooperatives, provincial organi-
zations of fishing tradesmen as well as the ministries of planning, finances,
energy, home trade, health, transport, justice, agriculture and the state
secretariats of cooperation and social affairs.

The Central Committee secretary for the productive sector, Manuel Pedro Pacavira,
who presided over the opening session, began by emphasizing the need for in-
creasing the support for farmers with a view to strengthening the worker-peasant
alliance since the peasants are the key to the success of the revolution and

in which the MPLA-Labor Party always recognized their inestimable value.

Referring to the food shortage in the country, the party leader recalled that
the solution to this problem necessarily depends on the improvement of the field
worker's life, be they associated or independent, and for this purpose, he
stressed the need to establish an organization capable of coordinating all
Angolan farmers, "We in Angola," he said, "have available politically well-
disposed peasantry whose resoluteness was substantially demonstrated throughout


In this atmosphere communist imperialism and the cold war flourished, while
the Western countries withdrew from Africa precipitously. Consequently

the position of the whites in Southern Africa worsened rapidly and communism
brought its influence to bear on the rest of Africa.

Dr Potgieter says that the South African Government and the military high
command were able to derive from this with certainty that the African
continent would be playing a key role in Russian strategy and an escalation
in the attack on the white governments of southern Africa could be expected.
For this reason, he says, the general staff (now the high command) of South
African Armed Forces decided that it was of vital importance to build up its
military capabilities and preparedness. The growth of South Africa's modern
arms industry was, among other things, due to this decision.

The first step undertaken was the modernization program for our armaments.
This entailed such things as the purchase of various kinds of major items
such as aircraft, helicopters, armored vehicles and naval elements.

Provisions were also made for the replacement of certain absolete and
converted military equipment, ammunition and vehicles. According to Dr
Potgieter, the most important thing was that provisions were also made for
the local manufacturing of our own fire arms with the purpose in mind of
becoming as independent as possible from foreign suppliers.

Although at that time the South African arms industry was not in a position
to manufacture many things (most of the arms were bought abroad) within 10
years there was the unbelievable development that all formerly imported
products could be manufactured here as a result of our skill and

ingenuity.

Besides the manufactyring of all this ammunition needed by South Africa we
also undertook the manufacturing of mines, grenades, radios, signal equipment
and clothing. In the 10 years from 1960 to 1969 South Africa's defense
expenditures rose from 44 million rand to 272 million rand.

Growth

To give an indication of how fast South Africa's armaments industry grew
during this period Dr Potgieter mentions the following facts:

Up until 1960 there was only a small variety of small caliber cartridges,
exercise antitank rockets, 3-inch aircraft rockets and 3-inch mortars
being manufactured in South Africa. By 1970 South Africa was already
manufacturing hundreds of kinds of ammunition.

In 1970 South Africa was manufacturing its own artillery ammunition as well
as nearly all our antiaircraft ammunition. South Africa also became self-
sufficient with respect to handgrenade, rifle grenades, antitank rockets and
all the small caliber ammunition, tank ammunition, aircraft bombs, certain
rockets, naval ammunition and pyrotechnical supplies such as signal

31



No Code for Interrogators

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 4

[Text]

THERE is no code of
conduct for interroga-
tors, and no regu-
lations on how an in-
terrogation should be
conducted.

There is, however, a
code of conduct for the
handling of detainees
and the rights they
were allowed.

This was clearly set
out before the Rabie
Commission in 1878, the
Johannesburg Inquest
Court heard yesterday,
the twelfth day of the
inquest into the death
of Dr Nell Aggett.

Code

When the head of the
Johannesburg Security
Police, colonel H Mul-
ler, was asked by Mr G
Bizos, counse) for the
family: “Is there no
code of conduct for in-

, terrogators and the re-
quired manner in which
they -have to do their
work?” the brigadier
replied: “No.” :

Mr Bizos then read to
the court a reply given

on May 5 by the Minis-
ter of Law and Order to
a question asked in Par-
liament about the
rights of detainees.

The Minister
answered: “In broad
terms, the instuctions
_ of quidelines amount to
the application of sen-
sible and conciliatory
methods in order to
gain the information
required, :

Forbidden

“No questionable or

forbidden method may
be employed with the
abject of obtaining evi-
dence or statements
from’ persons under
suspicion.

“Violence should be
ayoided at all times.

“Commanding _ offi-
cers and other senior
officers must’ make
regular visits to detai-
nees and satisfy them-
selves that no irregular
methods are resorted
0,”

Detainees are also
entitled to random vit
ts every 14 days by mag-
istrates and visits by
the inspector of detai-
nees.

Investigated

“Any complaints ‘of
violent conduct receiv-
ed are properly investi-
gated and referred to
the Attorney-General
for his decision.”

The court also heard
that the Rabie Commi:
sion was told detaine
were entitled to certain
rights such as sleep,
periods of rest from in-
terrogation and the op-
portunity to be away
from their interroga-
tors at intervals.

Brigadier Muller told
the court Mr Bizos had
asked the original ques-
tion in such a way that
he had understood the
question to refer to in-
terrogators and not de-
tainees.

_Attention

He said there was in-
deed a code of conduct
for detainees.

It came to the atten-
tion of the security

17

police chief only on the
day after Dr Aggett’s
death that Dr Aggett
was interrogated for
part of January 28, the
whole of January 29
and 30, and part of
January 31.

On February 4, 14
hours before his death,
Dr Aggett complained
that he had been kept
awake for almost three
days during this period.

“If you had known
that your men intended
keeping Dr Aggett in
the interrogation room
for over 60 hours con-
tinuously at the end of
January, would you
have authorised it?” Mr
Bizos asked the briga-
dier. ie

Finish

He replied: “It de-
pends on the circum-
stances. This does hap-
pen from time to time
for purposes of conti-
nuity at a certain stage
in interrogation.

“Sometimes it is at
the request of the detai-

nee who wishes to fin-
ish his interrogation.

This did not imply
that the detainee was
interrogated the whole
time. He was given time
to rest and eat.

“There is nothing si-
nister in this. It hap-
pens,”

Brigadier Muller also
said it was far more
comforable sleeping in
an office than it was
sleeping in a cell.

“But, why not in his
cell? What about his
privacy and being in-
titled to being away
from his _interroga-
tors?” asked Mr Bizos.



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEE'S TERMINOLOGY EXAMINED
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 21 May 82 p 9

[Article by Anne-Marie Mischke: "Presidential Council Says 'Lofty' Words
Were Necessary"]

[Text] Capetown--If John Public looked somewhat askance when suddenly
confronted again with a brand new terminology, along with the President
Council's report, one cannot altogether blame him.

As the years have gone by he has become accustomed to seeing new political
words being pulled out of the hat from time to time. Moreover, on more than
one occasion this was picking a new term for an old name in the hope that
this would provide a breather for one politician or another.

However, it is necessary to think twice before castigating Dr Denis Worral
and his Constitutional Committee for this new terminology.

To begin with, the committee had to avoid the current political idiom and
thus eliminate emotional reactions. The terminology would thus not be
connected with the policy of certain political parties.

In addition the reports on the constitution and on the local administrations
are based on the principle of political science. They are the products of
scientific research and therefore scientific terms must be employed.

By so doing one is once and for all assured of the exact meaning of the
term, as the term is not colored by the interpretations of various
politicians.

The kind of semantic debates about power sharing and power distribution are
eliminated.

It does not mean that this will necessarily be the final terminology which
politicians will be using.

As Mr Japie Basson, a veteran politician and now member of the Presidential

Council, put it: The terms will be getting more political thrashings when
the new order of things are worked out on the basis of the proposals.

23



Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 8

[Text]

Aggett Unveiled 'Conspiracy'

A DAY before his
death, Dr Neil Aggett
provided in his own
handwriting names
and information of
the greatest use to
the Security Police,
the Johannesburg In-
quest Court was told

terday, the 13th.

Tespect of a telex sent
from John Vorster
Square to Pretoria
headquarters relaying
the ‘information con-
tained in it.

The existence of the
document has been con-

firmed during testimo-

ny by both Brigadier H
Muller, Johannesburg's
ity Police Chief,

had a right to see the
document and also to
check the handwriting.

Mr P Schabort, rep-
resenting the Minister
of Police, the SA Police
and the Railway Police,

told the court that in
this instance the situa-

~ tion was delicate.

A ‘large-scale trial

"was pending and it

might be to the disad-
vantage of the State to
make the contents of

the document known.

The information in
the document was pro-
vided on February 3. It
came at the end of
many months of inten-
sive investigation, the
court was told.

Major Cronwright
told the court that in-
vestigations began dur-
ing September 1981 into’
what was believed to be
a conspiracy which
could have ill effects
throughout South Afri-
ca if its aims were
achieved.

Dr Aggett was de-
tained on November 27.
Thereafter 50 other
suspects and people
thought to know about
the conspiracy were de-
tained.

To deal with this
large-scale " investiga-
tion, John Vorster
Square requested re-
inforcements. Trained
Officers were sent to
help from various parts
of South Africa.

One of the people
who interrogated Dr
Aggett, Captain Naude,
is stationed in East
London. -

Brig Muller told the
court there were: sui-
cide-proof cells at John
Vorster Square. Dr Ag-
gett had not been in one
of these as neither he
nor Major Cronwright,
both of whom saw Dr
Aggett on February 3,
had the slightest suspi-
cion that Dr Aggett had
suicidal tendencies.

made it virtually im-
possible for a detainee
to hang himself on the
cross-bars of the secur.
ity grid in the cell.

The court was told
that it was partly be-
cause of a relaxation of
certain regulations
that Dr Aggett had
come into possession of
the cloth found round
his neck on February 5.

Many of the detai-
nees had-been allowed
to keep objects of great
sqntimental value to
them in their ceils.

Brig Muller said he
did have experience of a

detainee who betrayed

Security Police Chief Didn't Know the Rules, Says Lawyer

gett family, claimed

19

ty in walking.

Brig Muller spent his
third day in the witness
box q


cartridges, light flares, trip flares, flares for aircraft recognition and
submarine chasing, sea markers and detonators.

In 1970 mention was also made of great progress in the area of electro
technology, radio communication, the manufacturing of our own armored
vehicle, the Impala aircraft, the R-l service rifle, our own 90-mm cannon,
submachine gun and mortars.

For security reasons South Africa cannot proclaim its achievements of the
past decades from the housetops; however, Dr Potgieter says that the rate at
which the country has become self-sufficient can be derived from the defense
budget which had risen from 44 million rand in 1960 to mre than 2,000
million rand in 1980.

7964
cs0: 4701/88



cso:

service. y

It sees conflict in South Africa escalating
into an “undeclared civil war,” and com-
mits itself to work for justice and re-
conciliation in the churches, place of
werk and learning. : : ”

If by preaching reconciliation, it meant
that it would call upon the “liberation
movements” to give up their attempts to
change the existing order by terrorism
and revolution, then we could accept that
the SACC has an important role to play
in bringing about peaceful change in this
country. .

But the SACC will not make such a call. It

~ never does. For the simple reason that it
identifies itself with the grievances of
the Blacks, wishes to see the social order

° changed, and cannot accept the evo-

- Jutionary nature of the process.

It may not make common cause with the

_ revolutionary movements, it may not ac-

cept their final objectives, but it is so en-
grossed in propagating its ideas of social
justice, of challenging the tenets of
apartheid, of confronting the State on its
policies, that it does not see the enormity
of the cruelties perpetrated by the “libe-
ration movements” in the name of free-
dom. ’

It does not say to the ANC or other terror
forces that the only change that is. ac-
ceptable must come through Christian
fellowship and reconciliation and not
through violence.

And in its silence on terrorism, it gives im-
plicit encouragement to thdse who perpe-
trate it.

We, too, are dismayed at the need for a
bigger and bigger Defence Force (and we
have reservations about whether a 17 to
55 call-up system is justified). But-we do
not regard it as militarism. We consider
it to be a response to the threats that are
made by the so-called “liberators”,

Aresponse that requires that we be strong
enough to ward off any attacks from

_within or outside our borders.

For if we are defenceless, if we
are incapable of meeting the at- —
tacks that are made on us, we

4700/1476

4

will be destroyed, as other
countries have been, by the men
with the gun who turn limited democra-
cies into one-party Marxist States.

If there were no threats, if we did not live
in an era of revolution in the false name
of freedom, we would not have to expend
so much of our money and manpower on
defence, but could use it for more con-
structive purposes, like housing, educa-
tion and social services.

But the terror forces will not leave us at
peace.

Consequently, we have to arm ourselves to
an extent that is both burdensome and
worrying.

However, if building stronger and strong-
er armed forces meant that we were
going to fight it out, come what may, we
would regard the position as hopeless.

Furthermore, if the military dominated
our lives, and determined our country’s
affairs, we would consider ourselves vir-
tually under military rule.

But we are a civilian-run country in the
process of. change. Change that not
everyone will accept, either on the White
side (as demonstrated by the growing
strength of the Right) or on the Black
side (as evidenced by the increasing num-
ber of terrorist incidents).

But though people may argue about the
nature and extent of reforms, the coun-
try is not what it was five to ten years
ago, nor at the end of the present decade |
will it be what it is.

Our Defence Force — as we have said of-
ten enough — is our shield behind which
we can make those reforms.

A strong Defence Force not only holds our
enemies at bay, but also gives us time to
work out new socio-political-economic
and geographical structures.

The South African Council of Churches is
right to work for justice and reconcili-

__ation.

But it must do so by supporting peaceful
change, by condemning attempts at over-
throwing the State, and by ceasing to re-
main silent about the men of the gun and
the bomb who cause death and destryc-
tion.



ORPHAN CHILDREN FLEE REFUGEE SCHOOL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 11

[Text]

HARARE. — War or-

cso: 4700/1476

already torn by war-
time experiences in the
bush,” said the acting
deputy headmaster, Mr
Peter Davis, a former
London. comprehensive
school English teacher,
who is at Mbongola to-
gether with another
British expatriate.
ee ee,
Teaches
* Mr Davis and his col-
league, Mr Ben Morris,
who teaches building
and carpentry, are with
the Catholic Institute
for International Re-
lations. -

The CHR, a nonde-
nominational aid force.
is one of the organisa-
tions in the British vo-
lunteer programme
working in Zimbabwe.

‘They have been in the
country about six

weeks. :
Mr Morris spoke of

the harrowing expe
rience of watching chil-
dren wearing ex-army
boots: rushing to- hide
them in the bush as the

_ troops came. ij

58

SOUTH AFRICA



In February 1977, the Third Congress of FRELIMO was held. It was during this
congress that FRELIMO was transformed into the vanguard party of the workers
and peasant classes. Samora Machel was elected president of the new party.

At present, he holds the rank of marshal and the posts of president of
FRELIMO and of the People's Republic of Mozambique.

9204
cso: 8148/1374



permanent. They will be unpaid volunteers who are chosen from a group of
qualified lawyers.

Legal aid and advice will be offered free to claimants and defendants before the
"hearing." The courts will be independent and separate tribunals in the system
of lower courts.

A relaxed atmosphere will prevail in the sessions,and the presiding officer will
be allowed considerable freedom of procedure. The rules of testimony will also
be relaxed.

Property

Unopposed claims will also be heard by courts for small claims, but certain re-
quirements have to be met before orders are made.

In pronouncing judgment, the presiding officer can demand forthwith that the
debtors explain their financial position under oath and issue a temporary order
for the debtor's personal property to be attached.

All hearings will be public unless both parties request otherwise.

The new system first has to be experimentally tested, however. Testing projects
should be started in three large metropolitan areas.

8700
CSO: 4701/94

29



SOUTH AFRICA

POLL PREDICTS LEAD FOR PRIME MINISTER BOTHA
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 10 May 82 p 3
[Article: "P.W. Botha Remains Most Popular Choice for Prime Minister" ]

[Text | Capetown -- More people want to invest Dr A.P. Treurnicht with the

prime ministership of South Africa today than did 6 months ago, but an even
greater number of Afrikaans-speaking citizens of Transvaal still favor P.W.
Botha as their man.

A public opinion poll published yesterday shows that Mr P.W. Botha is still
the choice for prime minister of the general voting public of South Africa.

On a national basis, his support has dropped from 46.9 percent to 39.3 percent
over the last 6 months, but his closest opponent, Mr Pik Botha, only enjoys
a i7.i percent support.

When it comes down to a successor for Mr Botha, most South Africans by far
choose Mr Pik Botha,

The third choice for prime minister at the current time is the leader of the
official opposition, Dr F. van Zyl Slabbert with 15 percent, followed by Dr
A.P, Treurnicht with 10.1 percent.

Altogether 44.4 percent want Mr Pik Botha, minister of foreign affairs and of
information, to be the next prime minister. In September of last year, a si-
milar poll showed 39.3 percent who chose him as successor.

His support has remained relatively steady among the Afrikaans speakers, but
among the English speakers it has grown from 29 percent to 42 percent. Within
NP [National Party] ranks, 63 percent support him as against 16 percent for
Mr F.W. de Klerk. Even within KP [Conservative Party] ranks he enjoys a 31

percent support as against the 35 percent for Dr Treurnicht, the party's top
leader.

Among the general public, Dr Van Zyl Slabbert is the second choice as succes-
sor to Mr P.W. Botha (9 percent support), and in third place Mr De Klerk with
8 percent and Dr Treurnicht with 7.6 percent.

26



GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

PORTUGUESE MILITARY COOPERATION--Bissau, 13 May--A Portuguese military mission

is expected in Bissau this week to solidify concrete cooperation with the local
armed forces and their ministry headed by Paulo Correia. Dominating the talks
will be juridical forum matters, particulary drawing up documents, regulations,
codes and laws relating to justice, discipline and recruiting. Another
Portuguese mission--the third--is expected in June. At the Bissau Government's
request, it is to operate in the area of administration, intendancy, logistics and
training. The first Portuguese delegation, which visited Bissau in March,

was basically involved in subjects concerning the Guinea armed forces’ new
uniforms to be supplied by Portugal. However, there are already in Guinea-Bissau
six Portuguese missions including one for official cooperation, another’ from the
Gulbenkian Foundation and one from the Red Cross. Likewise in Brussels, a Guinea-
Bissau delegation, led by Minister Jose Turpin, has joined with another from

the European Economic Community to examine fisheries problems. The most serious
point at issue is the failure of shipowners from EEC members to pay for the
fishing licenses for operating in Guinea-Bissau waters and shortages in the
declaration process of catches. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 May

82 p 5] 8870

CSO: 4742/332



our struggle for liberation and which continues virtually unalterable, despite
the difficulties with which they struggle from day to day to achieve their
well-being."

The secretary for the productive sector of the MPLA-Labor Party Central
Committee was, on the other hand, delighted with the results achieved in the
cooperative area since the proclamation of national independence, for, as he
affirmed, although the individual nature of every peasant in the world is a
common fact, the truth is that the cooperative movement in our own country
has had an explosive adherence that has far exceeded our expectations.

Regarding the cooperative movement in the fishing sector, Manuel Pacavira said
that there the organizational plans are still in the embryonic stage and their
development has been held up by various problems due to circumstance arising
from the inadequate support given by certain state sectors.

The international economic crisis, the drop in prices and the production levels
of our own main products as well as the results of the war, which was instigated
by international imperialism, all of which are affecting every sector of our
national life, were other aspects mentioned by this leader and awakened the
seminar participants to the need for greater commitment to the tasks advocated
by the party as the foundation of economic development.

Summary Report Presented to the Seminar

The first working session of the above-mentioned seminars was closed yesterday
evening, with the reading of the balance report presented by the steering
committee delivered by the director of the farming and cattle-raising de-
partment of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, Mateus de Almedia. This
document details a great increase in the number of peasant associations and
first-rank cooperatives as well as the balance of work done by these
organizations in the areas of agriculture and fishing. They also distributed
tasks to working groups formed in the morning. Thus, according to the report,
the number of peasant associations which in 1978 totaled 630 with 66,214
associate members, rose to 4,083 associations with a total of 487,992 members
at the end of 1981.

Where first-rank cooperatives are concerned, the report points out that of the
113 cooperatives with 10,284 members registered in 1978, this number has in-
creased to 301 with a total of 52,246 members.

He emphasized that they have also exerted some effort to include individual
fishermen in cooperatives and assoications. . In this context, the work accom-
plished in this area very recently enabled them to establish some pre-
cooperatives composed of skilled fishermen in Luanda, Cacuaco, Nzeto and Soyo,
using some boats with a view to their improved operation.

However, the review report presented at the cooperativization seminar also
highlighted some statistical data on the production indexes attained by the
above-mentioned organizations which we shall present in one of the coming issues
of the paper.

8870
cso: 4742/332



REPORTAGE ON INQUIRY INTO AGGETT'S DEATH

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 3

{Article by Sandra Lieberum]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

Police Questioning Challenged

THE Security Police
purportedly have a
special way of per-
suading detainees. to
answer questions.

This claim was made
by Mr George Bizos, SC,
counsel for the Aggett
family, during cross-
examination of Johan-
nesburg’s Security
Police chief, Brigadier
H Muller.

Yesterday was the
11th day of the inquest
on Dr Neil Aggett, who
was found hanged
while in Security Police

custody at John
Vorster Square in Jo-
hannesburg.

Mr Bizos said the
method was simple. In
fact he claimed the
method itself constitut-
ed an abuse of Section
22 of the General Laws
Amendment Act. Sec-
tion 22 enables the
police to detains per-
sons for 14 days for the
purpose of eliciting in-
formation from them.

But, said Mr Bizos,
evidence will show that
the Security Police
sometimes, when the,
detainee is not so will-
ing to answer ques-
tions, just forget about
him for a few weeks.

In fact this was the
case with regard to the
detention of Dr Neil

Aggett, Mr Bizos said.

He was detained on
November 27 last year

under Section 22 of the
General Laws Amend-
ment Act. He was taken
to John Vorster
Square, and then trans-
ferred to Pretoria Cen-
tral where he remained

alleged uninterrogated _

until being further held
under Section 6 of the
Terrorism Act and
transferred back to Jo-
hannesburg.

Brig Muller —ex-
plained that after he
had been detained Dr
Aggett made it clear he
did not wish to co-oper-
ate: “I was satisfied at
that stage that he was
not prepared to ariswer
questions.”

The reason he was
kept at Pretoria Cen-
tral was only because
many people had been
detained for similar
reasons and there was
no other suitable cell at
the time.

Confusion

Brig Muller could not
clear up confusion as to
whether the officer
who had detained Dr
Aggett had arrested
him or detained him.

When Captain
Strauss - testified, he
told the court he had

1s

arrested Dr Aggett and
warned him according
to judge's rules. But it
later emerged that Dr
Agaett was not ar-
rested but detained.

It has been submitted
by Mr Bizos that if Dr
Aggett was originally
under the impression
that he was arrested
and had been told that
he had the right to re-
main silent, it was not
strange that he did not
wish to initially answer
questions.

“Was the period: of
two weeks at Pretoria
Central a puhishment
for not _ readily
answering _ questions
put to him?” Mr
asked. .

Dental

Brig Muller denied
that uniformed police-
men had been told not
to converse with detai-
mees. He further dis-
puted that it was a
practice to detain
people and then not to
interrogate them for
some time so that they
would become disorien-
tated and long for
someone to talk to.

At any stage a detai-
nee could ask for a
message to be sent
through to him saying
he wished to see one of



Samora Machel was born on 29 September 1933 in the village of Xilembene,. Gaza
Province. He comes from a peasant family which actively participated in the
patriotic wars of resistance against colonial conquerors. From an early age he
was taught the patriotic traditions of his people.

He received his primary education at Catholic mission schools, the only schools
existing at that time in the country. He worked his way through secondary school
in night school.

When FRELIMO was formed on 25 June 1962 under the leadership of Eduardo Chivambo
Mondlane, Samora Machel joined immediately.

In 1963 Samora was in one of the first groups which was trained in Algeria.

In 1964 he participated actively in preparations for the armed struggle by
drawing up plans, selecting combat soldiers and organizing their infiltration.

In 1965, he led the armed struggle in the Niassa sector. Later he organized
the Nichingwea military and political training center for revolutionary cadres.

In 1966, after the death of Filipe Magaia, the FRELIMO Central Committee,
appointed Samora secretary of the Department of Defense. He then became a
FRELIMO Central Committee member.

He directed the organization and structuring of FRELIMO.

Samora gave this process a progressive orientation; he began to transform the
semiliberated zones, beginning the campaign for the cooperatives in order to
establish a basis for collective production and commerce.

From 1967 to 1970, the revolutionary struggle intensified. Samora took over
the leadership of the Revolutionary Forces and the Popular Liberation Forces of
Mozambique, FPLM, which under his guidance actively participated in the Second
FRELIMO Congress.

After the assassination of Eduardo Mondalane, the Central Committee held its
Third Meeting in April 1969, At that meeting the Presidential Council headed by
Machel was set up.

In May 1970, after some reactionary factions deserted, the Fourth Meeting of
the Central Committee elected Samora Machel president of FRELIMO. Under his
leadership the transformation of the national liberation struggle into a demo-
cratic and popular revolution was consolidated.

In June 1975, during the Seventh Meeting of the FRELIMO Central Committee,
Samora Machel was named president of the People's Republic of Mozambique (RPM).
On 25 June 1975, the complete independence of Mozambique was proclaimed.


SOUTH AFRICA

NEW SECURITY RESTRICTIONS ON PRESS TO BE OPPOSED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 24 May 82 p 7

[Text] Capetown--Far reaching measures, including that of forbidding
newspapers to report certain security measures, ought to be causing many
repercussions this week in Parliament.

As in last week's instance, when the opposition put up strong resistance
against the bill on internal security, it may be expected that the
legislation on this safeguard, which is scheduled to come up next this week,
will be contested tooth and nail.

The legislation which is being managed by Minister of Justice Kobie Coetsee
ensues from the recommendations of the Rabie Commission investigating
security legislation and is intended to replace the present Official Secrets
Act.

The legislation is the most recent addition to a whole series of legislations
restricting the media's ability to report on security measures:

Some of the measures contained in the legislation are:

It.is a crime to obtain secret documents or information for the purpose
of divulging them to a foreign country or enemy organizations or their
agents.

This applies to special information having to do with restricted areas,
military equipment, military matters, the defense of the republic, the
combatting of terrorism, or "any other matter which is known, or can
reasonably be conceived, of being useful to an enemy."

Violation of this decree is punishable by incarceration of up to a maximum
of 20 years.

Persons who have such information and who pass it to others are likewise

guilty of this crime and upon conviction will incur a punishment of a
maximum fine of 10,000 rand, or a maximum of 10 years in jail.

21



265302

JPRS 81322
20 July 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2661

96) 11608661

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INFORMATION SERVICE
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
© SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

ABdY



PITMAN ACCUSED POLICE OF ‘GESTAPO TACTICS’

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

Harry
Progressive
Party justice spokes-
man, said yesterday.

Mr Pitman ‘was react: °

ing to the police move on
Thursday to- suppress
information about the
detention of four jour-
nalists and two others.

‘The. police imple-

mented the controver-
sial Section 27 C of the

Police Act for the first-

time in an attempt. to
prevent the publication
of any. information. ~

Among those detained.
are Mr Mathatha Tsedu,
former journalist on the
Post newspaper, and
Miss Joyce Mokhezi,
acting general-secretary
of the Commercial Cat-
ering and Allied Work-
ers’ Union of South Afri-

ca. .
"Major W du Plessis of

the Police Directorate of
Public Relations, said in
Pretoria yesterday that
they were boing held in
terms of Section 22 of
Act 62 of 1966,

Mr Pitman seid the
whole situation “reeks
of Nazi Germany with
some of these people be-
ing picked up in the ear-
ly hours of the morning
and the police. preven-

4700/1476

ting any information be-
ing published.”

“There is no obvious
reason to withhold the
names. Many people
knew of the detentions.
and in view of this the
police cannot claim that
publication would ham-
per investigations.

“1 also find it surpris-
ing that the Security
Police had to descend on
the people in the early
hours of the morning.

“I very much doubt
that the police received
information at midnight
that warranted this step.

“There is already
widespread concern
about the tactics used by
the Security Police and

in particular their meth
ods of interrogation.

“Recent Security
Police action also raise:
doubts about the
reasons for which they
detain people and, in
many instances, it ap-
pears as if they have
used the vast and Draco-
nian powers at their dis-
posal to merely intimi-
date people, particularly
trade unionists.

“An immediate expla-
nations is required from
the Security Police for
the reasons for imple-
menting their clamp
down on information.”

Mr Pitman said the
Security Police were
dearly implementing a

44

SOUTH AFRICA

reign of terror using Ge-

by the Media Workers’
Association of South
Africa for the police to
release details about the
detention of the four

“The refusal by the
police to release infor-
mation or details com
cerning where~
abouts of members of
MWASA is another ex-
ample of the corrosion of
the rule of law in this
country and the imposi-
tion of jackboot Draco-
nianism,” said a spokes-

man.
“This js one time
when all Pressmen
should stand together
and protest against this

injustice.
“This is the type of
situation which all

Seuth African citizens
and newspapers, should
not have allowed to de-
velop.

‘We call ‘upon the
State to rescind its deci-
sion of enforcing Sec-
tion 27C of the Police
Act to ensure the safety
of our colleagues.”


NIGERIA

BRIEFS

WITNESS IMPLICATES LIBYA, UK--Lagos, 2 July (NAN)--The Federal High Court in
Lagos today heard that the alleged coup plotter, Zanna Bukar Mandara, and some
soldiers planned to invite Libya to quell any resistance that could hamper the
success of the coup. In addition, Britain was also to be brought in, if the
coup ran into problems, in order to maintain the colonial link, the court
further heard. The attorney-general of the federation, Chief Richard Akinjide,
who credited the statements to the testimony of the second prosecution witness,
said that the witness also stated that jurior army officers were to be appointed
local government chairmen if the coup succeeded. He said that the witnesses
had given evidence that intelligent corporals in the army were also to be
appointed ministers and commissioners in the states. The attorney-general
quoted the witness as saying that Mandara told him (witness) and two others
that the third prosecution witness came to him (accused) and requested for
flight tickets to various parts of the country, for the purpose of recruiting
soldiers for the execution of the coup. [Excerpt] [AB021730 Lagos NAN in
English 1705 GMT 2 Jul 82]

STUDENTS ON ISRAELI-AFRICAN TIES--Port Harcourt, 8 Jul (NAN)--The students union
of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology has called on President
Shenu Shagari to initiate a move for the normalization of relations between
Israel and African states at the forthcoming OAU summit in Tripoli, Libya. In

a statement in Port Harcourt today, the union said that while the normalization
of relations with Israel had become necessary, Nigeria should not take a uni-
lateral stand on the issue. The statement, which was signed by the secretary

of the union, [words indistinct] the continued occupation of the Sinai and

other Arab lands by Egypt. [Words indistinct] normalized relations with Egypt,
it would be indefensible for the rest of Africa not to resume diplomatic ties
with Israel only on the basis of alleged ties between that country and apartheid
South Africa. "It will be tantamount to a shameless and gross hypocrisy for
Africa to continue her relations with Britain, France, Spain, West Germany, the
United States and Holland who form the backbone of racist South Africa only to
turn around and make Israel a scapegoat," the statement said. [By Chris Ude]
[Text] [AB081930 Lagos NAN in English 1320 GMT 8 Jul 82]

CSO: 4700/1507



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

DEPUTY MINISTER EXONERATED--By decree promulgated Wednesday, Angolan Chief of
State Jose Eduardo dos Santos exonerated the deputy minister of provincial
coorindation, Domingos da Silva Lemos. In an another decree, President Jose
Eduardo dos Santos appointed Raul Neto Fernandes vice-rector of the University of
Angola. It should be recalled that the Angolan president recently exonerated
Minister of Foreign Trade Paul Neto Fernandes, and appointed Manuel Caetano
deputy minister of agriculture for coffee. This position was recently
established to make the sector more dynamic. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 8 May 82 p 8] 8870

CSO: 4742/332



SIGMA MOTOR CORPORATION MOVES TOWARD AUTOMATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 25

[Text]

SIGMA Motor Corp is
to place greater reli-
ance on automation to
counteract the

of rising labour costs in
order to achieve great-
er productivity.

It said in a statement
yesterday it would not
now move part of its op-
erations to Blackheath,
near Cape Town, which
it bought from Leyland
South Africa, effective
January 1, 1983.

All manufacturing -

and assembling will re-
main in Pretoria.

When its Pretoria ex-
programme

was complete, produc-
tion capacity would be
800 units a day, against
284 currently, it added.

Sigma said recent
formulation of govern-
ment policy indicated

deconcentration ben--

efits would not be avail-
able in the western

cso: 4700/1476

57

Cape and transport and
other subsidies granted
to the motor industry
were to be phased out.

“This phasing out
will commence in
March 1983, just three
months after Sigma’s
purchase of Blackheath
becomes effective, and
makes development in
the western Cape econ-
omically unattractive,”
it added.

A decision on the fu-
ture of the Blackheath
plant had not yet been
taken, it said.

In a separate state-
ment, Leyland said Sig-
ma’s changed plans did
not alter Leyland’s sale

ent with Sigma.

It said Leyland would
continue with its R15-
million expansion, mod-
ernisation and consoli-
dation programme an-
mounced in August
1981.

SOUTH AFRICA



SABC TV ACCUSED OF BEING 'PROPAGANDA MEDIUM’

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

WE DON’T for a moment think that the
South African Broadcasting Corpora-
tion’s TV service is anything less than a
propaganda medium.

Sad to say that, since we have respect for
the men and women of TV, who generally
do a very good job.

Unlike Britain, where the British Broad-
casting Corporation was able to with-
stand pressure from the Government
over its handling of the Falklands war
news, the SABC is putting the Govern-
ment’s interests before impartiality.

Sunday night’s TV news review program-
me on the Swazi land deal featured only
the Minister of Co-operation and Devel-
opment, Dr Koornhof, the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Mr Pik Botha, and the
chairman of the Commission for Co-oper-
ation and Development, Mr Hennie van
der Walt.

Watching the fiery display of Mr Botha,
one might have thought he was confront-
ing the United Nattfons instead of being
engaged in explaining the reasons for
the Government's decision.

But even that could be accepted if there
were people putting the other side— that
of KaNgwane, KwaZulu, Natal and the
Opposition...

But there was no other ‘side.

The explanation of the SABC’s Director of
News Services, Mr Kobus Hamman, was
that the format of the programme re-
quired that it dealt only with what the

‘ Government intended doing and why.

Another SABC spokesman said the cor-
poration had broadcast the views of
people opposed to the move during the
week.

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

COMMISION PROPOSES NEW PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 82 p 11
(Report: "“Hoexter Commission: 'New Court Needed for Civil Claims.'"]

(Text ] A new type of court,in which small, civil claims can be
settled in an informal manner, must be established. It should
have sessions in the evening and if necessary on Saturday mor-
nings, according to the Hoexter Commission of Inquiry into the
Structure and Functioning of Courts in its fourth interim re-
port which was submitted to the House of Assembly yesterday.

The commission found that there is an urgent need for such a court, where claims
of up to 750 Rands can be dealt with.

The creation of courts for small, civil claims will cause legal renewal with
numerous special characteristics. Some do not follow ordinary process of con-
ventional and traditional legal concepts of procedures for civil hearings, said
the commission.

The actions of the new courts must be marked by simplicity, rapid work, and low
costs. No records will be kept of such cases so that paper work will be kept to
a minimum,

Cases of all people, regardless of race or color, can be heard. The court will
not issue an order on costs between parties. The claimant's costs will be
limited to a tip of about 2 Rands for the necessary notification to the other

party and an amount to cover the costs of delivering the document to the
defendant.

Claimants will, however, always have the choice to have cases heard in other,
"ordinary" courts. The [new] courts might decide not to handle the small claims
when theyontain difficult facts or legal questions.

Legal representation will not be allowed and no right of appeal will be possible.

Legal Aid

The presiding officers will not be state officials and the posts will not be

28



RAIL UNIONS WARN 'FLEDGLING'UNIONS TO STEER CLEAR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 8

[Text]

cso:

4700/1476

THE FEDERAL COUN~
CIL of South African
Transport ._ Services’
Staff Associations has
asked otter unions to
steer clear of its mem-
bers and stop trying to
obtain recognition
from the SATS.

The council said after
its half-yearly meeting
in Johannesburg yes-
terday that recognition
of any “fledgling”
unions trying to attract
support from its own
members would be
viewed as a threat and
reacted to very strong-
ly.

It appealed to the
unions to stop enrolling

acts as an umbrella or-
ganisation for 10 regis-
tered unions represen-
ting SATS workers,
said it was gratified
that both the Minister
of Transport Affairs
and the General Man-
ager of the SATS have
so far refused to recog-

* nise the other unions or

45

v enter inta:; dialogue
with them.

“To do so would be to
court chaos and confu-
sion flowing from a
strong possibility of

multiplicity of unions.”
trying‘to gain a mem-~

bership foothold.

“The. council there-
fore expresses its
unanimous support for
the strong stand taken
by the Minister and
General Manager, and
warns further that any
deviation from this
hitherto correct course
could lead to strong re-
action from the council
and/or individual regis-
tered and related
unions.”

The council said the

welfare of SATS work-
ers was in capable trade
union hands and had
been for four decades.

There were 11 regis-
tered and recognised
trade unions, some of
them established in the
early 20s and, with their
wealth of experience,
catered adequately for
every colour, category
and grade of worker
employed in the SATS.

SOUTH AFRICA


As far as a prime minister for now is concerned, the choice of the Afrikaans
speakers who participated in the national sample is as follows:

Mr P.W. Botha, 43.1 percent; Mr Pik Botha, 19.0 percent; Dr Treurnicht,
15.9 percent; Dr Slabbert, 3.9 percent; Mr Jaap Marais, 1.9 percent and Dr
Gerritt Viljoen, 1.5 percent. Several others received less than 1 percent
support each.

At the present time, the choice for the prime ministership among the English
speakers is: Mr P.W. Botha, 34.2 percent; Dr Slabbert, 30.2 percent; Mr Pik
Botha, 14.41 percent and Dr Treurnicht, 2.1 percent.

Altogether, 6.1 percent of Afrikaans speakers as against 74.4 percent of En-

glish speakers believe that Mr Botha acted well or in an outstanding manner
in the situation which led to the suspension of Dr Treurnicht.

8463
cso: 4701/74

27



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

IAN SMITH'S CONDITION--HARARE--Mr Ian Smith, leader of the Republican Front
and former Prime Minister of Rhodesia, was reported by a hospital spokesman
in Harare yesterday to be in a satisfactory condition. Mr Smith was taken
to the Pararenyatwa Hospital on Thursday after collapsing in Parliament. A
former Cabinet Colleague, Senator Jack Musset, said his condition did not
appear to be as serious as had at first seemed. He had been examined by
Professor Michael Gilfand and it appeared his blood pressure was not high
and that he had not had a coronary attack. He was undergoing various tests.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 3]

cso: 4700/1476 END

64


MOZAMBIQUE

BIODATA ON FRELIMO PARTY CHAIRMAN
Havana GRANMA in Spanish 24 May 82 p 1

{Text] Havana, AIN--Marshal Samora Moises Machel, president of the FRELIMO Party
and of the People's Republic of Mozambique, will arrive today, Monday, in the
afternoon, at the invitation of Commander in Chief Fidel Castro, first secretary
of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party and president of the Coun-
cils of State and of Ministers.

The Mozambican delegation also includes Maj Gen Joaquin A. Chissano, member of
the FRELIMO Permanent Political Committee, secretary of its Central Committee
for International Relations and minister of foreign affairs; Col Sergio Viera,
member of the FRELIMO Central Committee and minister of agriculture; Rui Lousa,
minister of the postal service, telecommunications and civil aviation; and Maj
Gen Salesio Teodoro, vice minister of security.

Also in the delegation are Lt Col Fernando Howana, special assistant to the
president of the republic; Jose Carlos Lobo, ambassador plenipotentiary to the
UN; Mussagy Daude Jeichande, ambassador in charge of the International Organi-
zations and Conferences of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Elizabete Sequeira,
director of international relations of the Ministry of Education and Culture;
Francisco Pereira, national director of economy of the Ministry of Public
Works and Housing; and Luis Pereira, director of plans of the Ministry of
Agriculture.

On the occasion of the official visit by President Samora Moises Machel, the
people of Havana will welcome him at the Jose Marti International Airport with
warm and enthusiastic greetings of solidarity and friendship.

The welcoming ceremony will be broadcast to the nation on channel 6 and on Radio
Rebelde.

Biographic Data on the President of the FRELIMO Party and of the People's Repub-
lic of Mozambique.

Havana, (AIN)--Biographic data on Marshal Samora Machel, president of FRELIMO
and of the People's Republic of Mozambique.



“You wouldn't like to
be cross-examined for
60 hours and to also

, have to sleep in the

courtroom.”

There was no bath-
room or shower on the ©
10th floor where the in-
terrogation rooms

cwere, only a wash-

room. It was not known
if changes of clothing
were taken to people
being interrogated
there,

Mr Bizos said he
could understand inter-

: rogation being intensi-

fied if it concerned the
whereabouts of a bomb,
but he was of the opin-
ion there was no urgen-
cy in Dr Aggett’s inter-
rogation.

“If what he (Dr Ag-
gett) says in his state-
ment to Sergeant Blom
about being kept awake
for almost three days is
correct, would you not
agree that a violation
of his rights took

place?” asked Mr Bizos.

Deprivation

Brigadier Muller re-
plied: “Then it would be
a gross deprivation.”

When asked whether
he thought it should be
left to the interroga-
tors to decide how long
to keep detainees under
interrogation, Briga-
dier Muller said he had
great faith in the mem-

‘bers of his force.

Mr Bizos said the
rights of people de-
pended on procedureal
safeguards.

It was put to the
brigadier that a pay-
ment of R6500 was
made by the Minister to
a former detainee for
pain and suffering en-
dured when she was in
detention and was
forced to stand for long
periods.

Involved

‘It was further put to
the security police chief
that in an Appeal Court
judgment was found

-that a Captain Struwig,
then a lieutenant, and
others had been in-
‘volved in an investiga-
tion in which a detainee
had been compelled to
make a false statement.

When asked why Cap-
tain Struwig had been
present in court every
day since the beginning
of the Aggett inquest,
Brigadier Muller re-
plied: “I want. senior
members of my staff
present ‘to monitor
what occurs here.”

He added: “Should
the allegations made be
true, I am still satisfied
that Captain Struwig is
acceptable to me as a
member of staff.”

The inquest con-
tinues before Mr P A J
Kotze and one assessor.

Security Chief Questioned

The late Dr Neil Aggett could have been intensively interrogated over the
weekend of January 28 to 31 because the interrogators wanted to avoid being
under the supervision of Johannesburg Security Police chief Brigadier H Mul-
ler, according to Mr G Bizos, representing the Aggett family.

Brigadier Muller told the court yesterday he carried out spot checks on inter-

rogations and relied on the element of surprise so that he could ensure unde-
sirable methods were not resorted to.

He had given directives to his staff to ensure that people being interrogated
were allowed rest and food. On one occation one detainee looked so exhausted

that he took him to his own office and told him to go the sleep. He himself
sat there the whole night.

Brigadier Muller has told the inquest court that he had no knowledge of Dr
Aggett being interrogated for almost three days.

Evidence before the
Inquest court shows the
decision to start inten-
sive Interrogation was
taken by a Lieutenant
Whitehead. The briga-
dier was kept up to date
regarding the interroga-
tion of people believed
to be involved in a con-
spiracy.

“However he had not

been provided with Dr - -stonces, as in the case of

Aggett’s statement of
January 8 which dealt
almost solely with his
work within the trade
union.

He told the court the
purpose of interrogation
was not to elicit a state-
ment implicating one-
self.

There were even in-

1g

Dr. Elizabeth — Floyd,
where detainees were
released “without ever
having given a satisfac-
tory statement”.

Mr P Scharbord, coun-
sel for the Minister of
Police, the South Afri-
can Police and the Rail-

way Police, objected

strongly yesterday to the

Mune of cross-examina-
tion used by Mr Bizos,
counsel for the family. A
number of his objec-
tions were sustained.

The ‘objections were
on the ground that Mr
Bizos was trying to turn
every aspect into an in-
quiry and to turn the in-
quiry as a whole into a
commission.



MORE MINES PAY ACCORD REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24

[Text]

cso:

4700/1476

A SECOND mines’ of-
ficials’ association has

” sal
avies above mini-
mum, for ete will

55

crease of at least nine
percent of their current
basic salaries to all of-
ficials.

SOUTH AFRICA



SINGLE-CHANNEL MAIZE MARKET--MAIZE farmers decided unanimously yesterday to
adopt a market-orientated economy for the industry and retain the single-
channel marketing system. A special maize congress in Johannesburg decided
that the executive of the National Maize Producers’ Organisation (Nampo)
should investigate the matter and negotiate with the Government. The general
manager of Nampo, Dr Gouws, said that although single-channel marketing appear
peared to conflict with the free market principle, that was not the case when
itwas viewed in the international context. He said the protection of the
domestic consumer lay in free imports which would prevent the Maize Board
from foisting exorbitant prices on the consumer. Single-channel marketing
would ensure that each maize producer recieved a just share of the domestic
market. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 3]

UNPROVEN MISUSE OF MAIL--Pretoria--The Post Office's investigation into the
alleged distribution of Reconstituted Nationalist Party pamphlets inside
philatelic envelopes has been completed. Mr Willem de Meyer, the senior
director, stated that it has been established beyond all doubts that none of
the pamphlets have been distributed in philatelic envelopes. In Pretoria

Mr De Meyer said that a thorough investigation showed that no other inhabitant
in the Waterkloof-Monument park region has received such pamphlets in
philatelic envelopes. More than 20 uncollected or undelivered philatelic
envelopes have been returned to the main office for inspection, but no
pamphlets have been found in them. Out of more than 50,000 philatelic
documents which have been mailed there has been only one complaint, about

an alleged inclusion of the Reconstituted Nationalist Party pamphlet, brought
to the attention of a morning newspaper. Mr De Meyer emphasized that control
measures at the main post office are of such a nature that no envelope in

a certain region can be sorted out. The philatelic listing is organized
alphabetically and out of a random sampling of 1,200 items there were only
two addresses in the Warerkloof-Monument park area. [Text] [Johannesburg
DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 20 May 82 p 5] 7964

cso: 4701/87

62



see to it that such powers would amount to a zero in the contract. But this
would only happen gradually over a period of time and would cause unnecessary
tensions and agitation along with a possible crippling of the government
machinery. Put into U.S. constitutional language, there would be "no balance
in the checks."

One last political question about the creation of an executive president:
Why would the government spoil the momentum of the positive proposals by the
establishment of as a controversial thing as the Presidential Council's
executive president, be he a dictator or a lamb for Parliament's slaughter-
house?

7964
cso: 4701/88

35



EIGHT REGIONAL BODIES TO ADVISE GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

iE Gove nt
‘Wwill* ake8" big Pp
*ferward in its master
_plan ‘for regional de-
“velopment with “the
‘appointment of eight
»-specialist multiracial
committees to advise
wit ns
‘The Office’ of the
, Prime Minister an-
Rounced in Pretoria
last night that-144 lead-
ing South Africans in
the. eight regional de-
. velopment'zones would
be approached to serve
on specialist regional
development advisory
committees. .
The statement said
regional development
could not be carried

4700/1476

through | successfully
without the necessary
organisational sub-
structure.

As part of the pro-

cess the Government
should be advised regu-
larly, along a single
channel, on how best it
should go about imple-
menting a regional de-
velopment plan.
- In South Africa’s
economic system this
function was mainly
confined to providing
the necessary infra-
structure and the cre
ation of a suitable cli-
mate for private
initiative to come into
its own on the local and
regional level.

The aim was to make
the eight regional bod-

36

ies institutionally and
geographically as rep-
resentative as possible
without being cumber-
some.

Represented on the
committees would be
the Central Govern-
ment institutions con-
cerned : with: regional
development; the Prov-
incial Administrations;
local government bod-
ies for. all population
groups; regional devel-
opment associations;
and private organisa-
tions covering trade, in-
dustry, agriculture min-
ing and labour.

The 144 people to be
approached had been
nominated - by these
various bodies, said the
statement.

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

COURT RULING MAY HAVE SET PRECEDENT FOR SOME BLACKS
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 21 May 82 p 5

[Text] A verdict, which will possibly pave the way for hundreds of black
workers and their families to the city, has been pronounced in favor of a
black contract worker in the Supreme Court of Capetown.

Mr Totsi Stanford Booi has obtained a permanent stay permit in West Capeland.
According to a court order from Judge Shock, Mr Booi now has Article 10 (1)
rights and the municipal labor office in Nyanga has been directed to make
adjustments in his pass book accordingly. The respondents, the West Capeland
administrative council and the Nyanga labor office, must bear the cost, but
they have not opposed the decision.

On September of last year Rand's Supreme Court Judge O'Donovan found that a
Germiston construction worker, a certain Meholo Tom Tikhoto, was entitled to
permanent residence rights, because he had worked for 10 years uninterruptedly
for one employer. However, The East Rand Administrative Council appealed the
verdict. Additional applications on the part of blacks have been frozen by
the administrative council, pending the verdict on the appeal application in
Bloemfontein.

Mr Booi applied on the basis that he has already worked for more than 10 years
for one employer (Fattis and Monis). He asserted that he has been in the
employ of this company since 1969.

As a result of the Black Municipal Council's consolidation only those blacks
who have Article 10 (1) (A), (B) or (C) rights are entitled to permanent
residence in urban areas. Contract workers were permitted to live in the
area only for the period of their contracts. Others may stay in a white
area for only 72 hours without permission.

In order to obtain the above 10 rights blacks must have lived in a white area
for more than 15 years uninterruptedly or worked for one employer for 10
years or for various employers for 15 years, or, as SAPA reported, have been
a dependent of someone who qualifies.

7964
cso: 4701/88

51



Nevertheless, it is important to fully understand a couple of the most
important terminologies which the Constitutional Committee has used, because
the entire constitutional debate about the proposals will be using these
terms over and over again.

Let us mention a couple of them:

Assimilation: This is the process according to which a relatively weak or
minority identity is absorbed by a dominant or majority identity

in a majority/minority situation. The concept of integration is closely
related to assimilation. As a policy integration seeks the elimination or
replacement of segmental (or group) lines.

Cabinet government: Originally, in the Westminister system, the cabinet
dominated Parliament... Instead of referring to a parliamentary system, one
usually spoke of a cabinet government. Still later, when the prime minister
became all the more prominent in the system, people spoke about a prime
minister's government.

Consociation-democracy: This is the new order for the coloreds, Indians and
whites proposed by the Constitutional Committee. This means that the
principle of majority rule must be assailed so that the various sub-cultures
can be protected. Put in different words consociation-democracy attains
inclusivity, which is an essential part of any democratic system, through
competition in power attenuation. This includes government by a coalition
of political leaders of all the important groups of the plural society and
mutual veto or concurrence majority government which serves as an additional
protection of the vital interests of minorities.

There is also the principle of proportionality in determining political
representation, civil service appointments and the assignment of government
funds, as well as a high measure of autonomy for each group in managing
its own affairs.

Non-parliamentary executive authority: Unlike the present system this
presupposes an elemental separation (this could never:be total) of the two
authorities: the executive and the legislative. This could also be called
a presidential executive authority or a permanent executive authority, but
its existence would not be attributable simply to the fact that the chief
of state is called president. A non-parliamentary or presidential executive
authority exists simply when the locus of the executive power rests in the
president.

Partition: This has to do with the creation of two or more sovereign states
where previously there was only one. This is a reaction which takes place
in a highly pluralistic society where the differences are too great for
finding an accommodation in a consociative-democracy. This presupposes a
reasonably high geographic concentration of the groups involved.

Poli-ethnic: This term is used in a society such as exists in South Africa

where there are many ethnic groups. In normal political language this would
be called: plural or multinational society.

24



COUNCIL OF MINING UNIONS TO POLL MEMBERS ON STRIKE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 pp 1, 2

{Article by Jentje Knuppe]

[Text]

cso:

SOUTH AFRICA

THE Council of Mining Unions is to hold a nation-wide ballot
among its individual members on the question of strike ac-

tion.

Mr Arrie Paulus, chairman of the Mine Workers Union — one of the
largest groups in the council — said last night the decision had been
made in accordance with the country’s Industrial Conciliation Act.

to vote on strike ac-
tion by July 7, with
votes to be counted
on July &

At least 300 ballot
boxes are to be placed
in shafts around the

brought to Johannes-
burg for counting on
July 8.

‘The move comes
after negotiations with
the Chamber of Mines

4700/1476

on pay increases failed.

with an additional 05
percent for miners om
afternoom and: evening
shifts.

The Chamber — of
Mines did not accept
this and made a final
proposal on: their side

54

of either 9

across the board or 8, 3
percent for all miners
plus 0,5 percent for
those on late shifts.
This was rejected and
resulted in yesterday’s
meeting of the Council
of Mining Unions to de-
cide on a further course
‘of action.

Gold mines.and collie-
ries in the Transvaal,
Natal and Free State



ZIMBABWE

DETENTION OF WALLY STUTTAFORD PROTESTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 5

[Text] HARARE--There were angry scenes in the Zimbabwe House of Assembly yester-
day when White Republican Front MPs accused Mr Robert Mugabe's government

of punishing their detained colleague, Mr Wally Stuttaford, in advance, for

a hypothetical offence h was only alleged to- have committed.

Mr Stuttaford, who has now been held in maximum security goals for more than
six months, is bringing legal action against government security men over
allegations he was tortured while in detention.

"Three months or four months is nothing to us," the Dpeuty Minister of Home
Affairs, Mr Alexio Mudzingwa, told the RF MPs at question time.

"Some of us had to rot in prison and we had to wait for 15 to 20 years" (be-
fore being brought to trial).

Mr Mudzingwa said Mr Stuttaford's appearance in court on charges he plotted
a coup "won't be long. Two years is very short."

"Investigations have not been facilitated by the flight of one of you," Mr
Mudzingwa said, referring to the departure to Britain of another Republican
Front MP, Mr Denis Walker, who returned to Zimbabwe in January--believing
himself to be wanted in connection with the detention of Mr Stuttaford-~and
left shortly afterwards for Britain.

The Republican Front Chief Whip, Brigadier John Probert, said it appeared

Mr Stuttaford was being "punished in advance" and he referred to assurances
Mr Mugabe reportedly gave the former British Foreign Secretary, Lord Carrington,
more than four months ago, that Mr Stuttaford would either be released or
brought to court in the immediate future.

Mr Mudzingwa said Lord Carrington was irrelevant and he claimed Mr Stuttaford
was being kept in conditions comparable to a three star hotel.

cso: 4700/1476

63



ZIMBABWE

New Bill for Domicile Status of Urban Blacks

(DIE BURGER, 10 Jun 82)....

Court Ruling May Have Set Precedent for Some Blacks

(DIE TRANSVALER, 21 May 82)

Credit Abuse Blamed for Rise in Interest Rates

(Jill de Villiers; THE CITIZEN, 26 Jun 82)

Council of Mining Unions To Poll Members on Strike

(Jentje Knuppe; THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 82).......ccecececeee

More Mines Pay Accord Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 82)...

Mine Workers Say Strike Only Option Left

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 82)...

Sigma Motor Corporation Moves Toward Automation

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 82)........cceee eee eee

Orphan Children Flee Refugee School

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 82)...

P. W. Botha's Aid Sought in Retrieving Child From U.S.

Briefs

Detention of Wally Stuttaford Protested

Briefs

(DIE TRANSVALER, 20 May 82)........

Civil Defence Apathy

Maize Industry Loss
Single-Channel Maize Market
Unproven Misuse of Mail

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Jun 82)...

Ian Smith's Condition

49

sl

52

54

55

56

57

58

59

61
61
62
62

63

64


The recession, moreover, is going to last longer than most experts anticipated,
which means that the country's as well as the private sector's economic problems

are

It has to create new jobs to meet the needs
of thousands upon thousands of people
.- coming on to the employment market.
But when there is a downturn in the eco-
my, these jobs cannot be created in
ficient numbers, if at all, the tendency
_ being for firms to cut back rather than
: expand. a
The present drop-back has aspects which
are more worrying than usual, however.
For one thing, gold has not shown its cus-
tomary appeal as a hedge in times of war
— and the Falklands conflict, as well as
the war in the Lebanon, have not influ-
enced the gold price as might have been
expected.

This is because of the strong dollar and
the very high interest rates in America,
which are proving a counter-attraction
for investors and money men generally.

«In addition, because of the dollar’s per-

. formance, the rand is at its lowest level

in relation to the dollar, causing addi-
tional financial problems for the eco-

/ Romy. : -
All this affects our balance of payments
and the amount of money available in the

going to last longer and worsen.

State’s coffers.

Although the Minister of Finance, Mr
Horwood, based his Budget planning on
a gold price of $250 an ounce, and he has
the utmost confidence about. gold’s fu-
ture, the country is financially strapped
at present and nobody can argue other-
wise. ° -

In the private sector, we can expect more
insolvencies as the recession bites — but

even firms which have been doing well
will find themselves cutting back as dear-

~er and scarcer money makes life more
and more difficult for them.

Tt will be a period when the not-so-firmly
based and well-funded businesses will go
to the wall, or be forced into accepting.
mergers with more powerful competi-

._ tors.

There will also inevitably be growing

-wnemployment in some sectors.

This, combined with inflation, which has

. Fesulted in the prices of basic necessities
becoming exorbitantly high, will mean
that many ordinary people are going to
find life very, very difficult, if not.impos-
sible.

We are, however, confident that the economy of South Arica is strong, that
gold will one day recover in price and demand, and that when the recession
ends, South Africa will move forward again to greater economic performances

and

CSO:

power.

4700/1476

43



This, however, did not preclude it from giv-
ing their views again in a balanced pro-
gramme on Sunday night. .

Our impression, watching television news,
is that Ministers are using the medium to
put across their announcements, view-
points and explanations as if TV was.
part of the Government Information Ser-
vice. *

Television news reporters dealing with

- politics feed thé right questions to the

- Ministers to enable them to give the re-
plies the Ministers wanted to give any-
way. ..

We have still to see TV interviewers ask-
ing the wrong questions, by which we
mean questions which challenge a Minis-

_ ter’s assumptions, put the contrary view-
points held by critics, and force the Min-
ister to go beyond the statements he was
ready to make.

This kind of questioning is especially
needed in news review programmes
where the viewer should know the whys,
the wherefores, and the whynots so that
he can form an independent judgment of
what is done or said.

The frequency with which Ministers ap-
pear on television screens is also disturb-
ing, even allowing for the fact that as
they are more in the news, as policymak-
ers, than other people, and what they
have to’ say is more significant because
they represent the Government, they will

CSO: 4700/1476

41

inevitably be seen more often.

The danger, however, is that if the view-
points of the Opposition and interested
parties are not given, the one-sided re-
porting turns news into propaganda.

And when the service is regarded as a
-propaganda arm of the Government, its
credibility is very much reduced.

Naturally, from the Government point of
view, having such a powerful medium as
television at its beck and call is a tremen-
dous advantage to it.

But the Government, too, must realise
that abuse or misuse of the medium is
not only morally wrong (since the cor-
poration is publicly funded.and should be be
independent of the Government), but
also count

For viewers tend to dismiss what they see
and hear if it is patently prejudiced.

It appears that the SABC may not be sub-
ject to the discipline of the new Media
Council.

It also appears that the corporation does‘
not at all times fulfil the terms of its li-'
cenck” to “repoft newswarthy current
events in the.Republic_and abroad clear-
ly, unambiguously, factually, impartially
(we underscore the word. impartially)
and without distortion.”

The only thing the viewer cam do is to see
~Governme:tt propaganda f« for: what i itis—
and reject it. - :



This is a problem for which an answer cannot readily be found, but which the
government apparently did not want to leave like that any longer. Hence the pro-
posed amendment according to which all newspapers will .be legally required,
amongst other things, to submit themselves to that disciplinary body.

The dilemma is clear forthwith: on the one hand there is the government which is
trying to correct a defect, and on the other hand the fear of papers that they
will have to actively take part in a system which puts the press under legal
pressure.

We hope that at this late stage it will still be possible to come to an agreement
which will make it possible for all the papers which so far were willing to work
together to continue with that. As a matter of fact, we can't see what can be
expected from a professional body if its members are not prepared to cooperate.

Great progress has been made in that direction, and it would be no less than a
tragic shame if that should be lost now. Something had almost been brought about
which could be very beneficial to South Africa, and we believe it will be worth-
while to do everything possible to try and save it.

Moreover, certain sorts of legislation are thought of very negatively. The irony

of the current situation is noteworthy; however. There are speculations, namely,

that certain rightist publications will be the first to be affected by the planned
legislation =- and it is actually from rightist areas that the loudest cries were

heard for "a law against the press."

The lesson in this applies to everyone. He who makes or advocates a law must al-

ways take into account his position on the day he himself is going to be on the
receiving side.

8700
CSO: 4701/95

i



Warning on Rise in Credit Costs

cso:

A LEADING economist
warned yesterday that
the new so-called La-
dofca Rates Act would
result in escalating
credit costs.

Mr Fritz Stockens-
trom, executive direc-
tor of the Afrikaanse
Handelsinstituut, said

<it was clear that the

authorities would, . in
any case, have to start
thinking now in terms
of sairect action” be-
cause.of the ruling “ter-
ribly high” interest
rates.

Commenting on the

‘ mew Act on the Limita-_
tion and Disclosure of

Finance Charges Act,

4700/1476

which has now come
into force, he said that
technical ad-
justment which should
possibly have been
brought into being ear-
lier, because of the up-
ward movement of in-
terest rates.

In any case it was
neither a very compre-
hensive nor a South
African Reserve Bank
policy instrument.

It would make it easi-
er for the little man to
get financing at the

- banks at a higher inter-

est rate — financing
which had not been
possible under the old

system.
But it would increase
the cost“of credit and

53

affect _durable__con-
sumer consumption.
Consumer sectors
which would be most af-
fected were furniture,
“white goods” and cars.

Thought should now
be given to forms of di-
rect action.

“It must be brought
home that there is no
shortcut or easy solu-
peoblewas in the present
problems present
period,” said Mr Stock-
enstrom.

“Now, more than
ever, it has become
necessary for all busi-
ar gate

Pl e
greatest circumspec-
tion and not to panic.”


SOUTH AFRICA

P. W. BOTHA'S AID SOUGHT IN RETRIEVING CHILD FROM U.S.
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 20 May 82 p 3

[Text] Brakpan--An inhabitant of this town has already sold his house and
car, is trying to enlist the help of Mr P. W. Botha and Dr Mario Chiavelli
and was arrested and held in jail in the United States in a hopeless
attempt to retrieve his child.

Mr Ronnie Olivier's 2-year-old daughter Adrienne was suddenly taken to the
United States by his wife on 18 January of this year.

According to Mr Olivier, without any apparent reasons, she and the child are
now staying with her father in the little town of Camden in the Benton
District.

After Mr Olivier obtained legal possession and was assured that Mrs Olivier
had no right to take the child from his care, he himself left for the
United States on 5 March.

He had already taken the child from his mother, but was arrested and jailed
in Nashville. However, a judge declared Mrs Olivier's claim to the child
as void.

After this finding Mrs Olivier disappeared and Mr Olivier had to return to
South Africa without having accomplished his purpose, because he was broke.

Before he left South Africa he had to sell his house and car in order to pay
for his flight ticket and other expenses.

According to Mr Olivier he turned to almost every authority in the republic
to ask for help, but was told that although the child should not have been
taken away from here nothing can be done for him.

He is now again trying to scrape up money in order to go back to the United
States and for this reason he has even turned to Dr Chiavelli.

He had already been married for 10 years and said that his wife left him out
of the blue,

59



'To Work in His Master's Garden..."

First, he said, the

council should be com- and non - member
pletely church orien- churches should be, en-.
tated rather than pro- to join ‘the
gramme orientated. whee Fe ee
Member churches He’ concluded ‘that
should be challenged to “the “ council “should
meet the full budget of make the

the general secretariat gospel relevant in a
and to phase out over- church, socie-
seas aid within the next ty and world, as the
ten years. only basis on which to

Greater emphasis

threaten the South
African Black from all
sides, the Rev Dr Simon
Maimela, a lecturer in
systematic theology at
the University of South

Africa, told the SACC -

conference.

“This is a result of
the weighty socio-politi-
cal value attached to a
Black skin in our ab-
normal society which.
determines the fate and

gated and his freedom,
security and his human
rights in the land of his

build a council
of churches in
1982.

birth were denied him. sinful people and not by

He added that the God, therefore it could
be transformed into a
better world.

master’s: garden and cial forces which denied
kitchen, and looking his people freedom and
after his full life.

sive world which denied God had been the cause
a full and meaningful of suffering in this
life had been made by world.

One-Sided View

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE SOUTH African Council of Churches

. is concerned at what it calls the growing
militarism in South Africa.

Particularly the increasing expenditure on
arms, the extension. of the.call-up of
Whites and the recruitment of Blacks for

13



Reportage on SACC Conference Continued
(THE CITIZEN, 24, 26 Jun 82)...... ccc cece cece cence eee eeees 12

Unity Urged, by Jill de Villiers
One-Sided View, Editorial

Reportage on Inquiry Into Aggett's Death
(THE CITIZEN, 24-26 Jun 82) eee ee eee 15

Police Questioning Challenged, by Sandra Lieberum
No Code for Interrogators
Aggett Unveiled 'Conspiracy'

New Security Restrictions on Press To Be Opposed

(DIE VADERLAND, 24 May 82) seceeeee 21

Constitutional Committee's Terminology Examined
(Anne-Marie Mischke; DIE TRANSVALER, 21 May 82)........... 23

Poll Predicts Lead for Prime Minister Botha

(DIE TRANSVALER, 10 May 82)..........0eeeeeeee cece en eeee 26
Commission Proposes New Procedure for Small Claims

(DIE BURGER, 10 Jun 82).......... bn eeee eee ence cence eee 28
New Book Traces Development of Armaments Industry

(Amanda Botha; DIE TRANSVALER, 25 May 82)...........-0000 30
Plan To Establish Executive President Viewed

(Otto Krause; DIE TRANSVALER, 21 May 82)............60. wee 33
Eight Regional Bodies To Advise Goverment

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 82)... 36
De Klerk Comments on Informing Public

(Willem de Klerk; DIE TRANSVALER, 5 May 82)... 37
SABC TV Accused of Being 'Propaganda Medium!

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 82)..... bec e eee eee eee 40
Impact of Recession Examined

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 82)......... cece eee eee eee 42
Pitman Accused Police of ‘Gestapo Tactics'

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Jun 82)........ beet ee cee ee en ee eee eeeee ~ 44
Rail Unions Warn 'Fledgling' Unions To Steer Clear

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 82)........ ee eee eee eeeee bee cece wees 45
Policy of Racial Separation Seen as Promoting Communism

(Denis Beckett; BEELD, 28 Apr 82)......... cece eee eee eee 46

-b-



provisions for it, otherwise the office or institution will simply languish.
This is especially true for government at a higher policymaking level. This
is not done here.

Thus, if cast in the same mold as proposed by the Presidential Council, our
new constitution could assign boundless powers to an executive president,
but without an orderly power basis for him the poor man will end up sitting
in his office doing crossword puzzles.

It is evident that the deficiency in the present proposals lies in the plan
for indirect election, and what is worse, the executive president is being
estranged from the parliament from which he derived his "power." He is thus
placed in the position of a prime minister who cannot discipline a caucus
and who is surrounded by ministers who are also unable to conduct that real
party political directive function. An undisciplined parliament will simply
become a petulent one.

Moreover, Parliament can, at any time, "turn off the water" from this
executive power by refusing to approve its budget or its legislation. So
our so-called dictator has nothing with which to defend himself against that
++eno power basis on which he can call upon.

In other constitutional systems, which provide for an executive president,
as is the case in France and the United States, the system succeeds well
exactly because the president is given a power basis: The president is
elected directly by the people and, as-everybody knows, the wider the margin
of election the greater is his power.

However, in our special South African circumstances, an executive president
cannot, for clear political reasons, be elected directly by all enfranchised
persons...at least at this stage. This is simply because South Africa's
political stability is derived from an informal system which works like a
pyramid of successive controlling companies, each of them with majority share
in the company under them.

At the top of the pyramid there is of course the "Boer Company" which gives
guidance to the other politically subordinate "companies" of English speakers,
coloreds and Asians. Thus it is evident that a direct election of a state
president (or of a single chamber parliament) would shatter this whole
pyramid of stability.

The Presidential Council was clearly aware of this in drafting its first
level proposals and for this reason made provisions for an indirectly
elected president.

Graduaily

However, in so doing it has also defeated its own purpose of creating a

stronger executive authority, and even though the new constitution would
provide dictatorial powers to a new state chief, Parliament would simply

34



The objection to these decrees has nothing to do with the fact that divulging
certain information must be punished. The opposition is unanimous with the
government over this matter.

However, the decrees are being regarded as being too wide ranging and too
vague; moreover, there is mostly opposition to the fact that this is placing
a ban upon the media for publishing information on the persons arrested in
accordance with the security legislation.

However, during the second reading address of last week, Mr Coetsee pointed
out that "nobody can be found guilty of such a crime, provided the published
information is already known to many people or the facts so published are not
of sufficient importance to harm the state."

According to Mr Coetsee the decree is necessary, because the publication of
certain information will hinder the police's action in combatting terrorism
and will be of advantage to the terrorists.

Anybody whose purpose is to do harm to the security of the state, approaches
a restricted location, inspects it, passes over it or stays in its vicinity,
is also guilty of the crime.

As in the case of the Act on National Key points, there is nowhere an
indication of exactly which places are "forbidden places" and there is no
less an indication of how far away people must stay in order not to be "in
the vicinity of them."

The remaining clauses are essentially in agreement with those of the Act

on Official Secrets and contain decrees on the illegal use of uniforms,
official stamps and codes and hiding agents of foreign countries.

7964
cso: 4701/87

22



JPRS 81322

20 July 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2661

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Cooperative Movement Said Task of All

(Paulo Marcos; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Jun 82).... 1
GUINEA-BISSAU
Briefs
Portuguese Military Cooperation 3
MOZAMBIQUE
Biodata on FRELIMO Party Chairman
(GRANMA, 24 May 82)........ 4
Briefs
Deputy Minister Exonerated 7
NIGERIA
Briefs
Witness Implicates Libya, UK 8
Students on Israeli-African Ties 8
SOUTH AFRICA
New Legislation on Control of Media Standards
(DIE BURGER, 10 Jun 82)...... eee cece eee eee reece rene eee 9

Body of Control Explained
Newspaper Heads Discuss Amendment
Reasons for New Legislation

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



SOUTH AFRICA

POLICY OF RACIAL SEPARATION SEEN AS PROMOTING COMMUNISM
Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 28 Apr 82 p 11
[Commentary by Denis Beckett: “Black and Red Are Not the Same!”]

[Text] What I would like to know is this: what precisely is it that we are
afraid of? Is it communism or is it the blacks?

There is a difference -- a very big difference, although this difference is
unfortunately not understood by the great majority of those crazy fools who
are continuously shouting "Communists! Communists!" at anyone who has the
audacity to think for himself.

What I would like to try to do today is to seewhdher these differences can be
examined in a purely logical manner. That is to say that, without any appro-
val or disapproval of anyone's personal preference, I would like to see whether
there is a way in which, through pure logic, one could reach some kind of con-
sensus on this matter.

What brought the whole issue back to mind, was a recent speech by General Johan
Coetzee, head of the Security Police, which he made at a review of the police
in Durban. What he said there, according to the reports I have read, was once
again the same old story of the big communist attack and how all right thinking
citizens should stand together to avert it.

I have heard this argument -- and you as readers certainly have too -- at least
about 1 million times. And what we have also heard as many times, is the tra-
ditional counterargument which in effect says that if we really believe that
it is communism we are fighting against, then our actions will be so hopeless-
ly wrong that the strategists in the Kremlin will be leaping in the air for
joy, every time they think about South Africa. And the counterargument con-
tinues by stating that if Lenin or Trotzky or Brezhnev were to sit down and
devise a plan which would necessarily lead to a communist revolution, they
could hardly do any better than having successive National Party administra-
tions.

We have all the classic symptoms of a society which is just simply waiting

for a communist revolution to break out. What these symptoms are is so obvious
that there is no need to repeat them. The question to the point is simply:

if it is really communism we are so much afraid of, are we setting about fight-
ing it in the right way?

46



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW BOOK TRACES DEVELOPMENT OF ARMAMENTS INDUSTRY
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 25 May 82 p 12

[Article by Amanda Botha: "Arms Boycott Was a Blessing in Disguise for
South Africa"]

[Text] Capetown--The UN's arms ban of the early 1960's was a "blessing in
disguise" for South Africa. Today South Africa can manufacture everything
it needs with the promise that its own skill and ingenuity is and will put
out the "very best in modern weaponry."

This is what the well-known South African weapons expert, Dr Lucas Potgieter,
writes in a trail-blazing work (the first of its kind in Afrikaans) under the
title of "Die Boer Se Roer Tot Vandag" (The Boer's Gun up to Now) in which th
the development of fireweapons in southern Africa is explored. Prof Felix
Lategan is the co-author.

Dr Potgieter is full of praise for "the unbelievable story" concerning the
development of our modern weapons and ammunition.

In a captivating summary concerning the development of the arms industry in
South Africa Dr Potgieter says that the UN's decision to ask for a voluntary
arms boycott against South Africa brought about a drastic change in the
entire arms system in the country.

South Africa's strategic position in the struggle between the West and the
communist bloc has made South Africa of utmost importance to communist
countries. In the meantime world opinion turned against South Africa and
the originally voluntary arms boycott became a mandatory one.

Threats

Against this background and in the light of increasing threats from abroad,
in 1960 a military evaluation of the world situation and the implications
which this entails for the peaceful existence and security of our country
was made in South Africa. Dr Potgieter says that at that stage it was clear
that "the apparent peace between East and West was based only on fear of a
nuclear war."

30



Special Action

In his recent address before the House of Assembly, Dr Gerritt Viljoen empha-
sized the role of education in today's society and its defense in order to
enatle the orientations of the people to survive.

We have often conducted actions with a year theme. What about a "Year of Poli-
tical Facts" for 1983? Political parties, the media, cultural organizations
and other communicators could develop an outline which, if it is done honestly
and effectively, could provide an important service to South Africa.

8463
cso: 4701/74

39



Segments: The committee is using this word throughout instead of "groups."
This applies to the various parts of the society for which provisions are
being made.

Segmental autonomy: This is the final departure from majority government

and it entails minority government--or government by the minority over its
own self in the area which is of exclusive interest to itself. This is
linked with the principle of a leadership coalition as encountered in
consociation-democracy. All segments must decide jointly on matters of common
interest and in the process they must have roughly proportional degrees of
influence. In all matters is will be possible to leave decisionmaking, and
the carrying out of decisions, up to the segments themselves.

Supra-ethnic: There is no specific definition for this term in the report,
but this evidently indicates that this is something which stands above
ethnicity.

The president, as well as the cabinet are to be supra-ethnic. They will not
be bound to any of the ethnic groups.

7964
csO: 4701/88

25



SOUTH AFRICA

_NEW LEGISLATION ON CONTROL OF MEDIA STANDARDS
Body of Control Explained
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 82 p 7

[Report by political editorial staff: "Legislation Involves Newspapers; TV Movies
also Affected."]

[text] All newspapers will have to submit themselves in the future to disciplinary
measures of a body which will work toward the achievement and preservation of the
highest possible standards. They need not become members of that body, however.

That regulation is contained in a draft amendment on the registration of news-
papers which was announced in Capetown yesterday and submitted to the House of
Assembly by Minister of Internal Affairs Chris Heunis.

One of the interesting stipulations in the bill is that the movies televised by

saBc [South African Broadcasting Corporation] will also be subject to publication
control.

The effect of the provisions of the bill is that newspapers themselves must have
their own controlling body which will be recognized by regulation. There are no
legal provisions, however, as to matters such as the composition and function of
that body.

There are no stipulations in the bill that newspapers have to become members of
such a body, but there are clear stipulations that all newspapers which are re-
gistered according to ordinary legal requirements must submit themselves to the
disciplinary measures of that body.

According to Article 47 of the Law on Publications, papers which are members of
the Press Union are excluded from the definition of publications or objects.

Papers are excluded from publication control if they are holders of a prescribed
certificate which was either issued by a body which strives for the achievement
and retention of the highest possible standards by persons who disseminate news,
or which states that the publisher concerned is subject to the control of that
body for disciplinary purposes.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CIVIL DEFENCE APATHY--The Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, said
yesterday too many South Africans regarded civil defence as a "novelty" that
was being forced on them. This attitude, he said, was obvious at a time when
the threat against South Africa was becoming even greater. "Many South Afri-
cans stand aloof and uninvolved in civil defence measures. In some quarters
civil defence is regarded as a 'novelty' which is being forced on the civilian
population," he said. This was not so. The history of civil defence in South
Africa reached back to the 1940 war years when services were put into action
to counter possible air raids on South Africa. Addressing a function at the
Pretoria City Council, where he presented Pretoria's Town Clerk, Mr Piet Del-
port, with the Civil Defence Medal, Gen Malan said that good civil defence
measures were now more urgently needed than ever before. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 82 p 2]

MAIZE INDUSTRY LOSS--The National Maize Producers’ Organisation (Nampo) held

a special congress in Johannesburg yesterday to discuss the recent high increase
in the maize price. The price of maize was increased to R155,05 a ton on

May 5, which was 15,9 percent more than last year's price. At the meeting

in the Selborne Hall, Mr Crawford von Abo, the Chairman of the Maize Board,
outlined the role of the maize industry in SouthAfrica, "The industry attracts
foreign currency," he said, "and also plays an important economic role in

the country's export harbours. "It will also stimulate important economic
activities in Richards Bay when the industry starts to export most of its
maize via that port. The maize trade is also an important client of the South
African Transport Services." Mr Von Abo pointed out that maize was the staple
diet of the biggest proportion of the country's inhabitants, and also offered
direct employment opportunities for Blacks. The maize industry is, in physical
terms, a dynamic trade, of which the input costs have risen to produce more
maize. What is not dynamic, is the profits that the industry is reaping."
"Our turnover has increased by R1 000-million (15,8 percent), but our net
profit has dropped by R150-million (36 percent), Mr Von Abo said. "This year's
harvest is estimated at eight million tons. In 1979, maize enjoyed a similar
harvest with an income over costs of R34-million. Now, only three years later
and with the same harvest, we expect a loss of R639-million," he said. To
ensure that the loss for the producers was not higher, the Maize Board had

to assure a loan of R230-million. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
24 Jun 82 p 15]

61



I would say: hardly. As history has clearly show, the only way in which
communism can be resisted in the long run is simply by pulling the rug out
from under it -- by eliminating those things which cause people on the loosing
side of society to see communism as a solution. This means, for example, to
accept the implicationsof democracy.

The British, to name but one example, have done this. And even though there
are many people who will say that Great Britain has problems of its own to
wrestle with, I am absolutely certain that I would much rather live in Great
Britain than in a whole set of centralized and tyrannical communist countries
I could think of.

The Czar's Russia and the Shah's Iran tried to tackle the communist threat
the other way -- by, as it were, nailing down the shutters and by increasing
the budget for defense and for the secret police. And look where they are
now!

Now some people may say that this is also far too obvious to deserve repeating.
But this cannot be true, because why would we be doing what we are doing then?
We have two established examples before us -- the one marks the road to commu-
nism -- the other the opposite path. But those of us who pretend that we are
fighting communism are in truth turning the path to communism practically into
a national idol.

Somewhere, things do not add up.

Could it be perhaps that it is not really communism that we are so afraid of?
Could it be that we are afraid that we may have lost our status as automatic
“masters"? Or that which we cannot allow ourselves to face squarely, the
simple idea of considering blacks as equals? In short, what we should be
afraid of is not communism, but the blacks.

Because it goes without saying, does it not, that to the extent that our
whites refuse to accept the equality of citizenship and of worthiness as human
beings of the blacks, to that extent we are in the process of boosting the
prospects of communism.

I do not claim that there are no risks involved in what could be called a
wholehearted reform -- that is to say, a reform with full constitutional equa-
lity in the end. On the contrary, there are indeed risks. And one of the
risks obviously is that the blacks might choose a more leftist government form
than the one most of the whites would want, if one day they were to receive a
majority share in the management of the government.

That is certainly possible, and in reality probably unavoidable, but if this
is done in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, then the end result should still
be bearable for everyone,

For many whites, the idea of unhindered white rule is the ideal. They accept
the fact that we have a choice for the future between maintaining this ideal,
and accepting the "dismal alternative" which involves a black share in the
management of white affairs.

47



SOUTH AFRICA

_ NEW BILL FOR DOMICILE STATUS OF URBAN BLACKS
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 82 p 11
[Report by political editorial staff: "Urban Blacks: New Plan in Law.'"]

[text] A new regulation for blacks in urban areas, in which they are given a
permanent status for their extensive rights and freedom of movement is being
provided for in the Bill for Orderly Movement and Domicile of Black Persons.

That bill was announced in Capetown today after it was submitted to the House of
Assembly yesterday by the minister of cooperation and development, Dr Piet
Koornhof. This is the third of three bills which aim at improving the living
conditions of blacks. Amongst other things, the other bills provide for autono-
my of black local governments and the transformation of administration councils
into development councils.

The Bill on Orderly Movement and Domicile of Black Persons now will probably be
sent for consideration and recommendations to an elected committee.

An important development included in the bill is that a new category of blacks,
namely permanent city dwellers, is being distinguished. Numerous doors are being
opened to them, and there is especially a greater amount of freedom with respect
to domicile and movement. People from outside such urban areas will also be
able to go there more easily.

Another important rule concerning blacks in urban areas is that blacks can live
in urban areas as long as they have approved housing in the urban areas, and
authorization is granted to them by an appointed official. That authorization
is much more extensive than the mere requirement that such people must have work.

Flexibility

Blacks who are South African citizens and have legally lived in an urban area for
an uninterrupted period of at least 10 years, or who belong to another category
of people determined by the minister through an announcement in the government
gazette, can apply to obtain recognition as permanent city dwellers. Such
requests cannot easily be refused.

49



REPORTAGE ON SACC CONFERENCE CONTINUED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 82 p 9

[Article by Jill de Villiers]

[Text]

THE churches them-
selves and not the Eloff
commission would de-
termine whether or not
there will be a South
African Council of
Churches, said the Rev
T S N Wing, honorary
life vice president of the
SACC.

Speaking at the an-"

nual conference of the
SACC, in Johannesburg
yesterday he said that
theologically the coun-
cil was not an organisa-

tion, but an organ, a.

limb of the body of
Ghrist. Yet organisatio-
nal responsibilities
such as social- welfare

programmes were an
integral-function of the
council.

He added that. if the
Government declared
the SACC, as presently:
constituted, an affected
organisation, the
churches would have to
form another council as
a vehicle for the unity
of the church.

“We must be rec-
onciled to one another
within the council if it
is to have any future at
all, Nothing else can
hold it together with all
the external pressures
being applied to it at

. this time,” Dr Wing

said. -
He added that recent

Unity Urged

misrepresentation la-

belled the SACC as par-

tisan, with concern only
for the needs and prob-
lems .of a particular
group, for instance
Blacks on the Reef.
The council must be

‘seen to stand for and

represent everyone,
and should not be iden-
tified with a particular
language or racial
group, he said.

The council should
strive to break down
the barriers which divi-
ded people from one an-
other in daily life at
every level in our socie-
ty, Dr. Wing said.

He mentioned that
the Dutch Reformed

- Church, which was a

member of the Chris-
tian Council of South
Africa, withdrew in the
forties due to the awak-
ening of Afrikaner con-
sciousness, and the un-
acceptability of the
liberal views of the
council's -member
churches.

The DRC_ withdrew
from the WCC because
of disagreement on

ragial policy, he. said.

This removed any hope
of the DRC joining the
council as apartheid
legislation resulted in
an. intellectual _on-

SOUTH AFRICA

slaught on the ideology
of.separate develop-
ment from within the
ranks of the council
He added that the

- Black Reformed

Churches had already
brought pressure to
bear on the DRC over a
fully intergrated and
united Reformed
Church.

The DRC was not pre-
pared to jeapordise its
own unity and had indi-
cated that a union with
the Black DRC was not
appropriate at the pres-
ent time, he said. Yet,
the possibility of the
Black - Reformed
Churches uniting was

real, and such a unity
could prove to be pow-
erful:

He referred to the

- prophetic era the SACC

had entered when it an-
nounced the appoint-
ment of Bishop Tutu as
-general secretary.

Bishop Tutu, he said,
was a spiritual and
moral force which even
the authorities had to

recognise.

He added that the
prophetic role of the
council should be main-
tained. This would be
very costly in terms of
courage and sacrifice.

He then gave guide-
lines for a future stra-
tegy for the council.