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Chapter F 

A New Tolypella from the Ocean Point 

Dinosaur Locality, North Slope, Alaska, 

and the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene 

N itelloid Charophytes 

By MONIQUE FEIST and ELISABETH BROUWERS 

A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary 

rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary 

basins, both ancient and modern. 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1990 

EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS-NORTH SLOPE BASIN (; 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names 

in this publication is for descriptive purposes only 

and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1991 

For sale by the 

Books and Open-File Reports Section 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Center, Box 25425 

Denver, CO 80225 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Feist, M. (Monique) 

A new Tolypella from the Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North 

Slope, Alaska, and the late Cretaceous to Paleocene Nitelloid 

charophytes I by Monique Feist and Elisabeth Brouwers. 

p. em. - (Evolution of sedimentary basins-North Slope Basin 

; ch. 0 (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin ; 1990-F 

Includes bibliographical references. 

1. Tolypella grambasti-Aiaska-Ocean Point Region. 

2. Paleobotany-Alaska-Ocean Point Region. 3. PaleobotanyCretaceous. 4. Prince Creek Formation (Alaska) I. Brouwers, 

Elisabeth M. II. Title. Ill. Series. IV. Series: U.S. Geological 

Survey bulletin; 1990-F 

QE75.B9 no. 1990-F 

[QE955] 

557.3 s-dc20 

[561'.93] 91-20420 

CIP 
CONTENTS 

Abstract Fl 

Introduction Fl 

Study area Fl 

Sample processing F2 

Age of the charophyte-bearing sedimentary deposits F2 

Previous age determinations F2 

Distribution and range of Tolypella grambasti F2 

Cretaceous and Paleocene localities with Tolypella species F3 

Position of Tolypella grambasti among the Cretaceous to Paleocene Charophyte 

lineages F3 

Implications for the age of beds with T. grambasti at Ocean Point F3 

Taxonomy FS 

Tolypella grambasti ssp. arctica n. ssp. FS 

Tolypella pecki n. sp. FS 

Tolypella suprastriata (Holifield) n. comb. F6 

Tolypella sp. 1 F6 

References cited F7 

PLATE 

[Plate follows References Cited) 

1. Tolypella species (Nitelloideae) from North America 

FIGURE 

1. Position of Tolypella grambasti arctica within post-Paleozoic charophyte 

lineages F4 

Contents Ill 
A New Tolypella from the Ocean Point 

Dinosaur Locality, North Slope, Alaska, 

and the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene 

Nitelloid Charophytes 

By Monique Feist1 and Elisabeth Brouwers 

ABSTRACT 

One species of charophyte, Tolype/la grambasti 

Musacchio ssp. arctica n. ssp., occurs in the nonmarine 

facies of the Prince Creek Formation exposed along the 

Colville River near Ocean Point. On the basis of its position within the Nitelloid lineages, this new taxon is considered to be a geographic variant of the nominate subspecies T. grambasti, which characterizes Maestrichtian strata 

of South America. Relationships with Tolypel/a pecki n. sp. 

and T. suprastriata (Holifield) n. comb. from Late Cretaceous and Paleocene localities from the Western Interior 

of North America are discussed. 

INTRODUCTION 

Tolypella grambasti ssp. arctica n. ssp. is the only 

charophyte species known from Upper Cretaceous to 

Paleocene(?) sedimentary deposits in northern Alaska. 

Charophyte specimens were found from section 4 (sample 86-EB-145), near the base of the measured sedimentary strata (Phillips, 1988), to section 24 (sample 86-EB161), near the top of the sequence studied. In this study, 

the stratigraphic implications of T. grambasti arctica are 

analyzed with regard to the current debate over the age 

of the continental facies of the Prince Creek Formation, 

which has been interpreted as either being entirely Maestrichtian (Frederiksen and others, 1988) or including 

Paleocene strata in its upper part (Brouwers and 

DeDeckker, unpublished data). An attempt is also made 

to characterize T. grambasti, which has been considered 

Manuscript approved for publication, May 3, 1991. 

'Laboratoire de Pal~obotanique, Universi~ des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France. Contribution CNRS-INSU, DBT2 No. 339.· 

until now as being the oldest representative of the .genus, 

within the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene charophyte lineages. Tolypella species from Wyoming and Utah, 

newly recovered from the Montpellier collections, are 

included in the present study for comparison. 

STUDY AREA 

The study area is located along the lower part of 

the Colville River, at about 70° N. latitude and about 45 

km south of the Arctic Ocean. Extensive exposures of 

Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks form 30-mhigh bluffs along the Colville River. 

The sedimentary rocks studied are part of the 

Prince Creek Formation of the Colville Group (Brosg~ 

and Whittington, 1966). The Prince Creek Formation is 

the uppermost unit of the Colville Group and is composed predominantly of nonmarine sandstones and siltstones with some interbedded tongues of marine sedimentary rock. The sedimentary rocks from the sequence 

discussed here belong to the upper part of the 

Kogosukruk Tongue of the Prince Creek Formation as 

mapped by Brosg~ and Whittington (1966). A prominent 

unconformity separates the Prince Creek Formation (dipping about 1°-5° ENE) from the overlying sands and 

silts of the Pliocene and Quaternary Gubik Formation 

(Brosg~ and Whittington, 1966; Carter and Galloway, 

1985). 

During 1986, 25 stratigraphic sections were measured (Phillips, l988) and 160 micropaleontological samples were collected. The total sequence studied is about 

180m thick, of which about 25m is covered. 

The lowermost 135m consists of nonmarine floodplain sedimentary deposits, including various overbank 

and channel deposits. Siltstones and claystones dominate 

in the flood-plain deposits, and sandstone is dominant in 

the fluvial-distributary deposits. Lateral facies changes 

A New Tolypella from the Ocean Point (Alaska) and the late Cretaceous to Paleocene Nitelloid Charophytes F1 
are pronounced and abrupt. Organic-rich beds that are 

developed at the top of the fining-upward overbank 

cycles are highly visible and traceable, and these beds 

were used to correlate between measured sections 

(Phillips, 1988). 

The upper 45 m of the sequence, referred to 

informally as the Ocean Point beds, consists of 

nonmarine, estuarine, and shallow-marine sandstones and 

siltstones. The nature of the change from the lower 

nonmarine sedimentary rocks to the overlying· estuarine 

sedimentary rocks is not known because of a fault of 

unknown displacement between sections 17 and 18 

(Phillips, 1988). 

SAMPLE PROCESSING 

A total of 160 paleontologic samples were collected from the 180-m-thick sequence studied (see 

Phillips, 1988, for the exact stratigraphic position of the 

samples in each of the measured sections). Sampling was 

conducted for calcareous and arenaceous microfossils 

(ostracodes, foraminifers, and charophytes) and for palynomorphs (spores, pollen, and dinoflagellates). All of the 

160 samples were processed for microfossils. 

Microfossil samples were processed by the U.S. 

Geological Survey in Denver, Colo., using procedures 

that have proved successful in extracting delicate 

nonmarine microfossils. For each sample, 500 g (dry 

weight) of raw sedimentary material was processed using 

sodium bicarbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate 

(Calgon), and a freeze-thaw cycle to disaggregate the 

claystones and siltstones. Samples were washed over 

100-mesh (150 JJ.m) and 230-mesh (63 JJ.m) sieves. All 

of the 160 sample residues were examined under a binocular microscope; 53 of these samples contain ostracodes and 23 contain charophytes. All of the ostracode 

and charophyte specimens 180 JJ.m or larger (80-mesh 

sieve) were extracted, identified, and counted. 

AGE OF THE CHAROPHYTE-BEARING 

SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS 

Previous Age Determinations 

The lowermost nonmarine sedimentary rocks of the 

Prince Creek Formation (th~ -basal- -135, rn) have been 

dated by biostratigraphic correlations and by radiometric 

dating. An arenaceous foraminifer horizon ·near the base 

of the measured section indicates a late Campanian to 

early Maestrichtian age, based on correlations with 

middle latitude sections of the Western Interior of North 

America (Sliter in Brouwers and others, 1987). Fossil 

palynomorphs from the lower part of the sequence indiF2 Evolution of Sedimentary Basins-North Slope Basin 

cate an early Maestrichtian age based on correlation with 

dated sections in Arctic Canada and the Western Interior 

(Frederiksen and others, 1988). 

Preliminary 40 Arf9 Ar analysis for two tephras, one 

from the basal part and one from the middle part of the 

lower 135 m nonmarine sequence, indicates an age range 

between 68 and 71 Ma (late Maestrichtian) (McKee and 

others, 1989; Conrad and others, 1990). 

The upper 45 m of the sequence has been dated 

only by biostratigraphic correlation. On the basis of correlation with faunas from the Western Interior and northern Europe, a calcareous benthic foraminifer fauna from 

the uppermost marine sedimentary rocks indicates a 

Campanian (MacBeth and Schmidt, 1973) or early 

Maestrichtian (McDougall, 1987) age. The palynomorph 

flora from the uppermost marine sedimentary rocks indicates a middle Maestrichtian age (Frederiksen and 

others, 1986, 1988). 

Ostracodes and mollusks from the upper marine 

beds have been interpreted as Paleocene (post-Danian) to 

early Eocene in age (Marincovich and others, 1985). 

Recent re-evaluation of the marine and nonmarine ostracode faunas, including the new collections made in 

1986, indicates that a Danian age cannot be ruled out for 

the marine beds (Brouwers and DeDeckker, unpublished 

data). 

Distribution and Range of Tolypella Grambasti 

In addition to the Ocean Point occurrence, this species has been reported from two localities in Argentina, 

both attributed to the Maestrichtian: 

1. El Zampal, Mendoza Province, type locality of 

T. grambasti (Uliana and Musacchio, 1978). The type 

level lies in the upper part of the Loncoche Formation, 

assigned to the Maestrichtian on the basis of its stratigraphic position below the Roca Formation, which contains Danian planktonic foraminifers (Bertels, 1970), and 

above beds containing both Cretaceous and Cretaceous 

to Paleocene(?) species, associated with nonstratigraphically significant species. (1) Porochara 

gildemeisteri Koch and Blissenblach: very common in 

red beds of South America attributed to the Upper Cretaceous (Mourier and others, 1988). Recent examination of 

Paleocene specimens attributed to this species by 

Germundson (1965), quoted by Feist (1979), has revealed that they represent a different species. This is in 

accordance with the study of specimens from Alberta 

carried out by Professor L. Hills, from the University of 

Calgary (personal communication, May 1990). (2) 

Platychara cruciana, a species considered as a younger 

synonym of P. perlata (Peck and Reker) Grambast. P. 

perlata is common in the Upper Cretaceous. It questionably persists into the Paleocene (Peck and Fo~ester·, 
1979; Musacchio and Moroni, 1983). In addition, 

Musacchio (in Uliana and Musacchio, 1978) identified 

similarities of Gobichara groeberi, the species found 

above T. grambasti in the Zampal section, with other 

Maestrichtian species ·from Neuquen (Andean Argentina) 

as well as from Southern Europe. 

2. Musters station, Coli Toro Meseta (Rio Negro 

Province), correlated with the lower part of the Maestrichtian Huantrai-co Formation on ostracode evidence 

(Malum ian and others, 1984 ). 

Reported from Alaska and southern Argentina, T. 

grambasti has a wide geographic distribution. The species can be compared to some extant cosmopolitan species such as Chara globularis Thuillier, which lives 

today between latitudes 80° Nand 30° S. The morphologic differences between T. grambasti arctica and the 

type subspecies can also be interpreted by comparison 

with the living C. globularis, which shows appreciable 

morphologic variation within its broad geographic range 

(Wood in Wood and Imahori, 1965) 

Cretaceous and Paleocene Localities with 

Tolypellar Species 

Beyond the two Argentinian localities with T. 

grambasti, all Cretaceous and Paleocene localities with 

Tolypella species are in North America. Specimens of 

Tolypella are present in the Montpellier collections in 

material from Utah and Wyoming (USA) that have been 

examined for the present study. The specimens correspond to two species previously attributed to the genus 

Chara; the distribution of the two species, Tolypella 

suprastriata (Holifield) n. comb. and T. pecki n. sp. has 

been established by Peck and Reker (1948), Holifield 

(1964), and Germundson (1965). 

1. Late Cretaceous 

a. Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Harebell Formation 

(Love, 1973). Present material: C.1146. Collected by L. 

Grambast and J.D. Love, September 1969. T. 

suprastriata. 

b. Wales Canyon, Utah, North Horn Formation, 

type locality of Platychara compressa (Peck and Reker, 

1948; Peck and Forester, 1979). Present material: 

C.1136. Collected by L. Grambast and R. Peck, August 

1973. T. suprastriata. 

2. Paleocene 

a. Castle River, Southwest Alberta, Upper Willow 

· Creek Formation (Germundson, 1965), confirmed to be 

of early Paleocene age by Jerzyliewicz and Sweet 

(1986). T. suprastriata. 

b. East Colton, Utah, Flagstaff Member of the 

Green River Formation. Present material: C.1140. Collected by L. Grambast and R. Peck, August 1973. T. 

pecki n. sp. 

Position of Tolypella Grambasti Among the 

Cretaceous to Paleocene Charophyte Lineages 

T. grambasti is placed in the Family Characeae 

on the basis of its gyrogonite (fructification; named 

oogonium in the extant species classification) with five 

spiral cells joined at the apex. T. grambasti is placed in 

the Subfamily Nitelloideae on the basis of its 

multipartite basal plate. Daily (1969), Sawa and Frame 

(1974), and Soulie-Marsche (1989) documented the 

presence of an undivided basal plate in the extant 

Tolypella section Rothia Wood and demonstrated its 

affinity with the fossil genus Sphaerochara. According 

to Feist and Grambast-Fessard (1991), Sphaerochara 

was derived from the Porocharoideae genus Feistiella 

Schodack, whereas the Nitelloideae with a multipartite 

basal plate Tolypella section Tolypella and Nitella are 

related to Latochara. The origin of either group, presumably in the Triassic or Paleozoic, is unknown. 

T. grambasti and T. suprastriata are the oldest representatives of the genus Tolypella, which ranges up to 

the lower Oligocene with calcified gyrogonites and up to 

the Holocene with uncalcified gyrogonites. Species with 

external chara~.ters of Tolypella but with an unknown 

basal plate are not taken into consideration in the discussion of the genus. Tolypella species have in common 

small and unornamented gyrogonites. T. grambasti can 

be related to the late Eocene and Oligocene species by a 

reduction of the gyrogonite length/width ratio, as seen in 

the intermediate Late Cretaceous to Paleocene species T. 

suprastriata. Immature specimens of T. suprastriata 

compare very well with T. grambasti. Following 

Germundson (1965), who considers that immature 

gyrogonites may reflect phylogeny, T. suprastriata is believed to be derived from T. grambasti. 

Implications on the Age of Beds with 

T. Grambasti at Ocean Point 

Until this paper, T. grambasti had been reported 

only from localities thought to be Maestrichtian in age. 

This age determination agrees with the age of the sedimentary deposits between samples 86-EB-4 and 86-LP19 as determined by 40 ArP9 Ar plateau dating (McKee 

and others, 1989) and confrrms that Tolypella first appeared during the Late Cretaceous. The fact that this 

widespread species is absent in all Tertiary localities, notably in those containing other representatives of the genus Tolypella, seems to indicate that this species does 

not extend into the Paleocene and therefore that the beds 

between samples 86-LP-19 and 86-EB-24, in which T. 

grambasti is present, are Maestrichtian. A Maestrichtian 

age is in agreement with the inferred phylogeny of 

Tolypella, with T. grambasti being considered the 

A New Tolypel/a from the Ocean Point (Alaska) and the late Cretaceous to Paleocene Nitelloid Charophytes f3 
Time 

in 

MY Series I Epoch 

BP 

Recent 

Pleistocene 

Pliocene 5,1 t-------1 

Miocene 

23,5 ~-----1 

Oligocene 

36,5 ~-----1 

Eocene 

55,0 ....... -----1 

Paleocene 

66,5 ....... ---........ 

Upper 

Cretaceous 

97,0 ....... ------t 

-100 

Lower 

Cretaceous 

140,0 ~------t 

Upper 

Jurassic 

160,0 ~----t 

Middle 

Jurassic 184,0~-----1 

Lower 

Jurassic 

210,0 ~-----1 

Triassic 

250,0 

CHARACEAE NITEUOIDEAE ..........._ / \ -............. Tolype/la (Sphaerochara) Tolypella (Tolypella) Nitella 

~ ,' -~ , ~ 

~ 

, 

calcified 

0 

, 

, 

, 

6 

I ' 

I 

' 

I ' 

I 

I 

I 

uncalcified 1 9 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

' I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

' ' ' ' ' • ' 

• ' 

I 

, 

I ' 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Tolyp_ella grambasti arctica ,' 

\ 

' \ 

\ 

2 

\ 

' ' ' ' , 

, 

, 

, 

, 

, 

I , 

I 

I , 

I 

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~ I ~ I (...) I 

~B / ~ I I..,.J , 

I II 

\ ,,·'' ~ 

6 POROCHAROIDEAE STELLATOCHAROIDEAE 

'V, POROCHARACEAE 

1 

0 Undivided basal plate G Multipartite basal plate 

Figure 1. Position of Tolypella grambasti arctica within the post-Paleozoic charophyte lineages. Geological time scale slightly 

modified from Haq and Van Eysinga (1987). 1-12, lateral and apical views of some genera. 1, Stellatochara; 2, Latochara; 3, 

Tolypella; 4, Atopochara; 5, Septorella; 6, Feistiella; 7, Sphaerochara; 8, Aclistochara; 9, Platychara; 10, Dughiella; 11, 

Chara; 12, Raskyella (from Feist and Grambast-Fessard, 1991). 

F4 Evolution of Sedimentary Basins-North Slope Basin 
ancestor of the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene T. 

suprastriata. This would support the distribution of the 

foraminifers occurring in marine sedimentary deposits 

from the uppermost part of the sequence, interpreted by 

McDougall (1987) to be early Maestrichtian in age. 

However, the extension of the new taxon has not presently been determined, and it cannot be excluded that it 

may exttmd up to the Paleocene. 

TAXONOMY 

This section uses the charophyte classification and 

generic subdivisions defined by Feist and GrambastFessard (1982, 1991). 

Order CHARALES Lindley, 1936 

Suborder CHARINAE Feist and Grambast-Fessard, 1991 

Family CHARACEAE Agardh 

Subfamily NITELLOIDEAE AI. Braun ex Migula in 

Rabenhorst, 1890 

Genus Tolypella (AI. Braun 1849) 

AI. Braun, 1857 

Tolypella grambasti Musacchio in Uliana and Musacchio, 

1978 

Tolypella grambasti ssp. arctica n. ssp. 

Plate 1, figures 1--6 

Derivation of name: From the type locality, situated in the Arctic region. 

Holotype: CF.2833/86EB39-1. 

Paratypes: CF.2833/86EB39-2 and 3; /86EB57-1 

and 2. 

Type locality: Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska 

(USA). 

Type level: Siltstones of the Kogosukruk Tongue, 

upper part of the Prince Creek Formation, late Maestrichtian and Paleocene(?), samples 86EB39, 86EB57. 

Type material: 40 specimens. 

Depository: Laboratoire de Paleobotanique, 

Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 

Montpellier (France). 

Diagnosis: Gyrogonite of Tolypella grambasti differing from the type species in being slightly longer and 

possessing an average of 7 rather than 10 convolutions 

visible laterally. Similar to the type species in general 

shape and dimensions, concave spiral cells, 

und~fferentiated apex and bipartite basal plate, visible 

from the exterior. 

Description: Gyrogonite ovoid to ellipsoid, with 

apical part obtuse, pointed at its center; basal part thinner, in some cases slightly elongated. Spirals concave, 

with prominent simple sutures, joined at the apex along 

a short broken line. Basal aperture subdivided in two unequal cavities corresponding to the two calcified cells 

constituting the basal plate. Larger cavity pentagonal, 

smaller one pentagonal or triangular. 

Dimensions (based on 20 specimens, from sample 

CF.2833/86EB39): CoJWObaitNU 

Maximum -------- 8 

lA"'Jtlt 

(j!m) 

370 

Widl.\ 

(j!m) 

290 

Minimum -------- 6 300 230 110 

Average ----------7 332 268 125 

Remark: The gyrogonites of the new subspecies do 

not vary significantly through the measured section at 

Ocean Point. 

Affinities: T. grambasti ssp. arctica is closely related to the type subspecies by having subglobular to ellipsoid-shaped, low sized gyrogonites with concave spiral cells, an undifferentiated apex and similar basal 

structures. T. grambasti arctica differs by having slightly 

larger average length and a lower number of convolutions. The species compares well with small-sized (immature?) specimens of T. suprastriata (Holifield) n. 

comb., which occur in the Harebell Formation of northwestern Wyoming (Love, 1973), but differs from the latter by having a smaller average width and a lesser number of convolutions. The latter character suggests that 

the new subspecies is related to late Eocene and Oligocene species, such as T. pumila Grambast (in Stockmans, 

1960), which, however, differs in having much more 

globular and larger gyrogonites. The new subspecies 

shows some similarities with Tolypella sp. 1 from the 

Paleocene part of the Flagstaff Member of the Green 

River Formation of Utah (pl. 1, fig. 16), which also presents a small number of convolutions but differs in having a pointed base and double sutures. 

Tolypella pecki n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 12-15 

?Chara inconspicua Unger, Peck and Reker, 1948, p. 86, 

pl. 21, figs. 12-15. Holifield, 1964, p. 86, pl. 3, 

figs. 1-6. 

not Chara inconspicua Al. Braun mss. in Unger, 1850 

(= Sphaerochara inconspicua, Feist-Castel, 1977) 

Derivation of name: Dedicated to the late Professor 

Raymond Peck. 

Holotype: C.1143-1. 

Paratypes: c:·1143:.2, 3, 4. 

Type locality: Road N° 96, east of Colton, Utah 

(USA), north side of the road, 1.4 miles from junction 

with Highway 50. 

Type level: Gray marls, part of the Flagstaff Member of the Green River Formation, Paleocene. 

Depository: Laboratoire de Paleobotanique, 

Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 

Montpellier (France). 

A New Tolypel/a from the Ocean Point (Alaska) and the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene Nitelloid Charophytes FS 
Diagnosis: Gyrogonite of Tolypella characterized 

by a prominent, well-calcified apical rosette and convex 

spirals in mature specimens. Basal pole slightly protruding. Nine to thirteen convolutions, small size (length and 

width less than 400 JJ.m). Basal plate bipartite, visible 

from the exterior. 

Description: Gyrogonite is prolate sphaeroidal to 

subprolate in shape, with prominent apex and slightly 

pointed base. Spirals are progressively reduced in width 

at the apical periphery, then dilated and turning up at the 

apex, constituting a prominent apical rosette, in some 

cases strongly calcified. Spirals concave to convex. In 

mature specimens, the spirals are irregularly calcified, 

recalling Sphaerochara. Basal part cone shaped, slightly 

pointed at the end. Basal plate subdivided in two unequal portions, visible at the level of the basal pore. 

Dimensions (based on 30 specimens): CoiJvolllliOIU 

M~ximum ------12 

I.. "'lth 

(jUil) 

380 

Widlll 

(jUil) 

310 

Minimum -------9 210 230 106 

Average---------10, 6 318 270 114 

Remarks: Specimens that are questionably assigned 

to "Chara inconspicua Unger" by Peck and Reker 

(1948) and by Holifield (1964) fit the general shape and 

apical rosette ofT. pecki, but they present a larger size 

(420-520 J.l.m in length, 330-420 J..Lm in width); no mention is given of the basal plate structure. Specimens 

which are "somewhat smaller than the common dimensions" (Peck and Reker, 1948) probably belong to T. 

pecki and should be referred to this taxon. The specimens described by Unger (1850) have an undivided 

basal plate and are referred to the genus Sphaerochara 

(Feist-Castel, 1977). 

Tolypella suprastriata (Holifield) n. comb. 

= Chara suprastriata Holifield, 1964, p. 88, pl. 2, figs. 

1-10. Germundson, 1965, p. 135, pl. 11, figs. 1-11. 

Holotype: UM 31036-17 (from Holifield, 1964). 

Paralectotypes (by present designation): UM 

31036-18, 31037-1, 2. 

Type locality: Wales Canyon, Utah; also type 

locality of Platychara compressa (Peck and Reker, 

1948). 

Type level: Limestone and coal from the Cretaceous part of the North Horn Formation. 

Depository: Department of Geology, University of 

Missouri, Columbia (USA). 

Emended diagnosis: Gyrogonite of Tolypella characterized by its prolate sphaeroidal to subprolate shape, 

with apex and base slightly protruding, a prominent 

well-marked apical rosette constituted by the deeply concave ends of spirals, and 11 to 14 convolutions. Spirals 

concave to flat. Basal plate bipartite, visible from the 

exterior. 

F6 Evolution of Sedimentary Basins-North Slope Basin 

Dimensions: 420-610 J..Lm in length, 400-500 J..Lm in 

width. 

Present material: 50 specimens from the type area. 

Collection number: University of Montpellier, C.1136. 

Remarks: These specimens fit the descriptions of 

the type material made by Holifield ( 1964) and 

Germundson (1965). The bipartite basal plate and the 

greater amount of intraspecific variation in gyrogonite 

dimensions are characters newly observed in this report. 

Dimensions are as follows. CoiJYO- iA"'llh Widlll /sopol4rity 

lllliou (jUil) (jUil) ilulu 

Maximum ------13 610 500 122 

Minimum -------10 420 400 95 

Average---------ll. 9 503 474 106 

Occurrences: The species occurs in several Cretaceous and Paleocene North American localities. Cretaceous: Wales Canyon (Utah), North Horn Formation 

(Peck and Reker, 1948); Jackson Hole (Wyoming), 

Harebell Formation (Love, 1973). Paleocene: Castle 

River (Alberta), Upper Willow Creek Formation 

(Germundson, 1965). 

Tolypella sp. 1 

Plate 1, figure 16 

Present material: One specimen from East Colton, 

Utah, Paleocene part of the Flagstaff Member of the 

Green River Formation. Collection number: University 

of Montpellier C.1140-1. 

Description: This specimen is referrable to the 

genus Tolypella on the basis of the bipartite basal plate 

visible from the exterior. The gyrogonite shape is 

subprolate, with the apical part rounded and the basal 

part thinner and more prominent. 

The dimensions are small: 380 J..Lm in length, 330 

J.l.m in width, isopolarity index = 115. Spirals are deeply 

concave, with thick prominent intercellular ridges, not 

modified in the apical part. Eight convolutions are visible in lateral view. Thickness of spirals at the equator is 

50J.1.m. 

Remarks: This specimen occurs with T. pecki at 

East Colton. It differs from T. pecki, as well from T. 

grambasti grambasti and T. suprastriata, by the lesser 

number of convolutions and more prominent basal pole. 

The prominent basal pore also differentiates T. sp. 1 

from T. grambasti arctica, which has a comparable 

number of convolutions. This specimen is similar to 

Mesochara lirata Holifield, 1964, having in common the 

gyrogonite shape and prominent cellular ridges. The dimensions of T. sp. 1 fall within the dimensions given by 

R.K. Germundson for specimens of M. lirata from the 

Upper Cretaceous Lower Willow Creek Formation of 

Alberta. The basal plate of Mesochara lirata (Tolypella 

lirata?) being unknown, T. sp. 1 cannot be assigned with 

certainty to this species and thus remains in open 

nomenclature. 
REFERENCES CITED 

Bertels, A., 1970, Los foraminiferos planctonicos de la Cuenca 

Cretacico-Terciaria en Patagonia Septentrional (Argentina), 

consideraciones sabre la estratigrafia de Fortin General Roca 

(Prov. de Rio Negro): Ameghiana, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-56. 

Brosge, W.P., and Whittington, C.L., 1966, Geology of the 

Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 303-H, p. 501-638. 

Brouwers, E.M., Clemens, W.A., Spicer, R.A., Ager, T.A., 

Carter, L.D., and Sliter, W.V., 1987, Dinosaurs on the 

North Slope, Alaska: High latitude, Latest Cretaceous environments: Science, v. 237, p. 1608-1610. 

Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J.P., 1985, Engineering-geologic 

map of northern Alaska, Harrison Bay quadrangle: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-256, 49 p., 2 

sheets. 

Conrad, I.E., McKee, E.H., and Turin, B.D., 1990, K-Ar and 40 ArP9 Ar ages of tuff beds at Ocean Point on the Colville 

River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1946, 

p. 77-82. 

Daily, F.K., 1969, Some Late Glacial charophytes compared to 

modem species: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of 

Science for 1978, v. 78, p. 406-412. 

Feist, M., 1979, Charophytes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. New data and present state of knowledge, in T. 

Birkelund and Christensen, eds., Cretaceous-Tertiary 

boundary events symposium, ll, Copenhagen, Proceedings, 

p. 88-94. 

Feist, M., and Grambast-Fessard, N., 1982, Cle de determination pour les genres de charophytes: Paleobiologic 

continentale, v. 2, p. 1-28. 

---1991, The genus concept in Charophyta. Evidence from 

Palaeozoic to Recent, in Riding, R., ed., Calcareous algae 

and stromatolites, 4th International Symposium on Fossil 

Algae: Cardiff, Springer-Verlag, p. 189-203. 

Feist-Castel, M., 1977, Etude floristique et biostratigraphique 

des charophytes dans les series du Paleogene de Provence: 

Geologie Mediterraneenne, v. 4, no. 2, p. 109-138. 

Frederiksen, N.O., Ager, T.A., and Edwards, L.E., 1986, Comment and Reply on "Early Tertiary marine fossils from 

northern Alaska: Implications for Arctic Ocean paleogeography and faunal evolution": Geology, v. 14, p. 802-804. 

---1988, Palynology of Maestrichtian and Paleocene rocks, 

lower Colville River region, North Slope of Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, p. 512-527. 

Germundson, R.K., 1965, Stratigraphy and micropaleontology 

of some Late Cretaceous-Paleocene continental formations, Western Interior, North America (Ph.D. thesis): 

University of Missouri, Columbia, 212 p. 

Haq, B.U., and Van Eysinga, F.W.B., 1987, Geological time 

table: Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. 

Holifield, B.R., 1964, Lower Tertiary Charophyta of North 

America (M.A. thesis): University of Missouri, Columbia, 

130 p. 

Jerzykiewicz, T., and Sweet, A.R., 1986, Caliche and associated impoverished palynological assemblages: an innovative line of paleoclimatic research onto the uppermost 

Cretaceous and Paleocene of southern Alberta, in Current 

Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 86-

1B, p. 653-663. 

Love, J.D., 1973, Harebell Formation {Upper Cretaceous) and 

Pinyon Conglomerate {Uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene), northwestern Wyo:r:ning: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 734-A, p. 1-54. 

MacBeth, J.l., and Schmidt, R.A.M., 1973, Upper Cretaceous 

foraminifers from Ocean Point, Alaska: Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, p. 1047-1061. 

Malumian, N ., Echevarria, A., Martinez Macchialo, J.C., and 

Nanez C., 1984, Los Microfossiles: Novena Congresso 

Geologico Argentino, Bariloche. Proceedings, v. 2, no 7, 

p. 485-526. 

Marincovich, L., Jr., Brouwers, E.M., and Carter, L.D., 1985, 

Early Tertiary marine fossils from northern Alaska: Implications for Arctic Ocean paleogeography and faunal evolution: Geology, v. 13, p. 770-773. 

McDougall, K., 1987, Maestrichtian benthic foraminifers from 

Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 344-366. 

McKee, E.H., Conrad, I.E., and Turin, B.D., 1989, Better da~s ..... . 

for Arctic dinosaurs: Eos, v. 70, no. 5, p. 74. 

Mourier, T., Bengston, P., Bonhomme, M., Buge, E., Capetta, 

H., Crochet, J.Y., Feist, M., Hirsch, K.F., Jaillard, E., 

Laubacher, G., Fefranc, J.P., Moullade, M., Noblet, C., 

Pons, D., Rey, J., Sige, B., Tambareau, Y., and Taquet, P., 

1988, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary marine to continental transition in the Bagua Basin, northern Peru. Paleontology, biostratigraphy, radiometry, correlations: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, v. 19, no. 3, p. 143-177. 

Musacchio, E.A., and Moroni, A.M., 1983, Charophyta y 

Ostracoda no marinas eoterciarios de la Formacion El 

.., ,.··-''<'~ Carrizo en la Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina: 

'Ameghiniana, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 21-33. 

Peck, R.E., and Forester, R.M., 1979, The genus Platychara 

from the Western Hemisphere: Review of Palaeobotany 

and Palynology, v. 28, nos. 1-2, p. 223-236. 

Peck, R.E., and Reker, C.C., 1948, Eocene Charophyta from 

North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 

85-90. 

Phillips, R.L., 1988, Measured sections, paleoenvironments, 

and sample locations near Ocean Point, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-40. 

Sawa, T., and Frame, P.W., 1974, Comparative anatomy of 

Charophyta. I, Oogonia and oospores of Tolypella with 

special reference to the sterile oogonial cell: Bulletin of 

the Torrey Botanical Club, v. 101, no. 3, p. 136-144. 

Soulie-Miirsche, 1., 1989, Etude comparee de gyrogonites de 

charophytes actuelles et fossiles et phylogenie des genres 

actuels. Millau, ·France, 237 p., 47 pl. 

Stockmans, F., 1960, Initiation a la paleobotanique 

stratigraphique de la Belgique: Bruxelles, Patrimoine de 

l'lnstitut Royal des Sciences N aturelles -de. Belgique, 222 p. 

Uliana, M.A., and Musacchio, E.A., 1978, Microfosiles 

calcareos no-marinas del Cretacico superior en Zampal, 

Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina: Ameghiana, v. 15, nos. 

1-2, p. 111-135. 

Unger, F., 1850, Genera et species plantarum fossilium. 1 vol., 

627 p., Vindobonae. 

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Characeae: Weinheim, J. Cramer, volume 1, 904 p. 

A New Tolypella from the Ocean Point (Alaska) and the late Cretaceous to Paleocene Nitelloid Charophytes F7 

PLATE 1 

Contact photograph of the plate in this report is available at cost from the 

U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 
PLATE 1 

[Figun:s 1-S, x120; figure 6, xS16; figun:s 7-11, x60; figures 12-15, x92; figure 16, x104] 

Figures 1-6. Tolypella grambasti Musacchio ssp. arctica n. ssp. Ocean Point, North Slope, Alaska, USA. 

1. Holotype, lateral view, no C.F.2833/86EB39-1. 

2, 3. Paratypes, lateral views, no C.F.2833/86EB57-1, -2. 

4, 5. Paratypes, basal and apical views, no C.F.2833/86EB39-3, -2. 

6. Isolated bipartite basal plate. 

7-11. Tolypella suprastriata (Holifield) n. comb. Wales Canyon, Utah, USA. 

7, 9, 10. Lateral views, no C.l136-1, -3, -4. 

8. Basal view of an internal mould showing the cast of the bipartite basal plate, no C.l136-2. 

11. Apical view, no C.l136-5. 

12-15. Tolypella pecki n. sp. East Colton, Utah, USA. 

13. Holotype, lateral view, n° C.l143-1. 

12, 14, 15. Paratypes, apical, lateral, basal views, no C.1143-2, -3, -4. 

16. Tolypella sp. 1, lateral view. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1990-F PLATE 1 

TOLYPELLA * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991-588-760 
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