MUGABE

Harare

[Text ]

VICTORIA FALLS.
‘THE, Prime Minister,

Cas Mugabe, yesterday |

warned conntries bor-
dering South Africa to
brace
destabiliaetion from
the Pretoria regime 46
the struggle for libera-
tion in’ that country
gathers momentum,

Cde Mugabe said this
whea he officially open-
ed the three-day congress
of the Confederation of
Yimbabwe Trdustries at
thig north-western bor-
der town on the Zambezi
Liver,

‘The recent attacks on
Aimbabwe — aud other
ontiine States by the
ist regime — clearly
show that tho nefghbour-

ings countries will become +

victims of that regime's
destabilisation policies ag
the struggle for libera~
tien gathers momentum
he sald.

Cde “Mugabe sald it °

was for this reason, that
the Government  empha-
ed time and again the
need for Zimbabweans to
‘tind alternative routes to
the sea,

“As a land-locked coun-
uy our routes to the sea
are eritical to our econo-
mic survival. Develop-

themselves for °
© depend on its utilisation

WARNS OF DESTABILIZATION FROM PRETORIA AT C21

"Brace for SA Sabotage'

ments in South Africa

+ glearly show that things

will get worse before they
get better in that troubi-
eq country.”
‘The Prime Minister
said the Belra route was
already under rehabilita-
tion but its success would

by the business commun-

Mgurely it is wiser too,
for you the businesemen
to change your transport
routes voluntarily rather
than wait for the day
when you will do so be-
cause you have no alter-
native,” he sald. ;

Turning to the Five-

Year. National Develop-
ment Plan, the Prime Min-
ister said it was envisag-
ed that the manutactur-
ing sector would increase
ita workforce from

169 000 in 1985 to 200000 |

in 1990.

The Prime Minister sald
the country was faced
with the challenge of
: whether the upturn in the
economy that was after
the end of the drought and
the abatement of the

world economic recession *

could be sustained during
the five-year plan.

The 12 months ended
in March 1986 had wit-
nessed increascs in the
manufacturing output of
nearly 9 percent compared
with the previous perlod
. even though this wes be-
‘lew its performance of
* 1985, : .

THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p 1

“We have reason to face
vn to the challenges of the

plan with optimism be- |
cause the Government hag |
gained invaluable experi- |
ence in the domestic and ‘

international. economic
spheres in the past six
years.”

‘This followed the large-
lv successful
of the post-independence
rehabilitation and recon-
struction of the economy,
he sald,

- The first Five-Year Na-
tional Development Plan
identified the manufac-

turing sector as the kev

sector for changing the
structure of the country's
economic growth and de-
velopment,

The obvious question
that the Government and

. the private sector must
be asking was how the
Government would ensure,
that the private scctor
played ils- role success-
fully now and in the 1990s,

“It is apparent from
your congress that you
are not merely looking at
the next two or three
years but are making ‘an
attempt to map out long
term strategies for the
dovelopment of the manu-
facturing sector.”

The structure was built
iargely on the basis of an
import substitution stra-
tegy beginning with as-
sembly operation and
gradually building up. to
partial local manufacture
of some commodities,

55

completion ,

- trade had become

. said some

IPRS*SSA*86*083

5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

“jn important result
of this strategy has been
that it has led to the de-
velopment of a manufac-
turing sector that is
heavily dependent on
foreign inputs in the
form of technology, plant.
machinery and raw mate-
rials.”

These inputs had been
purchased with foreign
exchange largely gene-
rated from the sale of
primary preducts, mainly
agricultural and mincral,
he said,

It was common know-
ledge that the terms of
less
and less favourable t»
the primary commodity
producers in the Jast de-
cade or so,

‘The mining sector was
presently suffering from
this steady decline in the
prices of mineral exports
while most agricultural
products were now sub-
ject to quota restrictions,

The Prime Minister
commodity
markets had collapsed,
and Zimbabwe's manu-
facturing sector could
no longer continue to he
too dependent on agricul-
tura}] and mining to sup-
port its forelgn currency
requirements.

It was therefore the
Government's corsidered
view. that the manufac-
turing sector be restruc-
tured during the Five-
Year National Develop-
ment’ Plan period =~



JPRS“SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

NAVAL SCHOOL CELEBRATES FIRST ANNIVERSARY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Jun 86 p 8

[Text] Festivities yesterday in Maputo marked the first anniversary of the
inauguration of the Mozambican Naval School, with a ceremony conducted by
Major General Marcelino dos Santos, a member of the Politburo of the Frelimo
Party's Central Committee. During the ceremony, which was held on the prem—
ises of that professional training institution of the Merchant Marine, the
Ministry of Transportation and Communication and the Norwegian Agency for In-
ternational Development (NORAD) signed a technical assistance agreement for
NAVIQUE valued at $14 million. The documents involved were signed by Deputy
Minister of Transportation and Communication Isaias Muhate and the NORAD rep-
resentative in Mozambique, Arthur K. Sydnes.

Attending the ceremony commemorating the first anniversary of the Mozambican
Naval School were Mario Machungo, a member of the Politburo of the Frelimo
Party's Central Committee, the Minister of Transportation and Communication,
Alcantara Santos, the director, cadets and employees of the professional train-—
ing institute, in addition to various guests.

Speaking during the ceremony, Marcelino dos Santos said that the first anni-
versary of the Mozambican Naval School also marked a major contribution of the
Merchant Marine to the national development effort, and he highlighted the
Norwegian government's support and participation in various projects in the
sector through technical assistance and in other ways.

The Party leader also paid tribute to the administration of the Transportation
and Communication Ministry and to the school's employees for their work in
furthering the Merchant Marine and making it an independent agency, to the
pride of all the Mozambican people.

“We are interested in bringing natural resources within our reach, exploiting
the sea's resources for the good of all the Mozambican people and all coun-
tries of the world," Marcelino dos Santos underlined. At the same time, he
pointed to the important contribution of the Naval School to the Navy, by
training officers to further the country's development through their knowledge
of the sea.

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as {Text}
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. in order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS~S84-86 0083
August 1986

ZIMBABWE

ZANU BACKBENCH MP PROPOSES DIGGING MUTARE-BEIRA SHIP CANAL

Would Lessen Dependence on South Africa

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jul 86 p 13

[Text] HARARE. — A leading
backbench MP for Mr
Robert Mugabe’s ruling
Zanu (PF) Party yester-
day suggested the digging
of a 300 km ship canal
from Beira to Mutare to
“free Zimbabwe finally of
all dependence on South
African ports.

Speaking in Parlia-
ment, Mr Paddington
Zvorwadza said if the
Suez. and Panama Canals
could be constructed, he
saw no reason why the

MP's:
Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p

[Text]

v3vO pasliomentarians yesterday dismissed, as impos-
sible, a suggestion from a Government back-bencher
tt a canal be bullt between ‘Mozambique and Mu-
‘are os 0 viable riternative for Zimbabwe's access to
the sea.

‘They, however, disagreed on their proposal to
increase {the use of the Zambezi waters for the
development of inland Zimbabwe.

‘Tha leader of ‘the Independent Zimbabwe Group
und MP for Marlborough, Mr Bill Irvine, and Zapu
MP for lnsiza, Cde Naison Ndlovu, said the proposed
canal project was impossible and Zimbabwe should,
id make more use of the Zambezi River for
igation,

Cde Paddington Zvorwadza (Zanu-P¥ Rushinga)
told the Assembly on ‘Itesday that a feasibility
study ghould be launched to assess the possibility of
digging x Suez or Panama-type of canal from Moza-
mhiqne to Mutare, .

19274

cso: 64

3400/256

eastern border city of Mu-
tare could not be trans-
formed into a port with
access to the . Indian
Ocean.

‘The project could occu-
py Zimbabwe's prison

‘population, "create jobs

and give neighbouring
Mozambique valuable in-
land waterways, Mr Zvor-
wadza told the House of’
Assembly.
“We might even need a
navy, and I am sure there
would be no shortage of
admirals,” he said.

Canal Idea Not Feasible

5

tie, however, defended his idea in the House
yesterday, saying, through numerous interjections,
that {t was a “brilliant one” only if a feasibility atudy
was undertaken.

Mr Irvine said this was impossible bécause of
the gradient between the const and Mutare. Sucn
suggestions “show the calibre of some back-henchcrs
‘in this House,” he said,

Be said a second dam should be built between
Kariba and Cabora Bassa Dam while Cde Ndlovu
suggested that this dam be sited on the Batoka
Gorge to benefit Matabeleland.

“The Zambezi waters could be taken as far as
the south of Bulawayo,” said Cde Ndlovu.

He said one of the major tasks facing Zimbabwe
wag unemployment and such a project would help
tackle the problem. The area had fertile soils which
were not being exploited due to lack of water for
irrigation, A



CISKEI CUTS SPENDING FOR ONE YEAR

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 21 Jun 86 p 2

[Text]

19274
cso: 3400/229

EAST LONDON — Austerity measures con-
trolling public service spending have been
announced by the Ciskei Government for the
period from July 1 this year to June 30 next

year.

This was disclosed
yesterday by the Direc-
tor-General of Informa-
tion in Ciskei, Mr Head-
man Somtunzi.

During this period, Mr
Somtunzi said, civil ser-
vants would forfeit 50
per cent of their holiday
pay to the state. Normal
increments and promo-
tions would be sus-
pended and no vacant
posts would be filled.

Subsidised _ vehicles
would not be provided,
and allowances paid to
holders of such vehicles
would be reduced “con-
siderably”, Mr Somtunzi
said.

The use of govern-
ment transport and
spending generally
would be strictly con-
trolled.

To achieve the govern-
ment’s austerity goals,
experienced adminis-
trative and financial of-
ficials had been ap-
pointed to supervise
government spending.

“It is anticipated that
these measures will in-

ject additional funds
into the economy and so
keep the much needed
mechanism of job cre-
ation operating at its
highest level.”

Mr Somtunzi said the
measures had__ been
necessitated by the de-
pressed economic ‘con-
ditions which prevailed
in Southern Africa.

The poor economic
climate, however, did
not leave Ciskei worse
off compared with its
neighbours.

Mr Somtunzi said the
Ciskei Government had
since independence stri-
ven to attract industrial
development.

Ciskei was anxious to
retain the tempo of
growth since the cre-
ation of new job oppor-
tunities was an urgent
necessity to accommo-
date the additional man-
power that became
available every year.

This would help cre-
ate stability, Mr Som-
tunzi said.

75

JPRS~S84-86 4083
August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*86«083
9 August 1986

CHAD

COTTON PRODUCTION CRISIS ANALYZED, *STRONG MEASURES' NEEDED
AB131630 Paris AFP in English 1551 GMT 13 Jul 86

[Text] Moundou, Chad, 13 July (AFP)--Chad's cotton, the country's main export
on which more than 2 million people depend, is facing difficult times, forcing
the government to take strong measures to prevent disaster.

The industry has been hit world over by production, the fall in the value of
the dollar, and the bad management of the controlling company, Cotontchad,
which was singled out for attack last month by President Hissein Habre, econo-
mists here say.

China, which raised its output from 3 million tonnes in 1981-82 to 10.2 million
in 1984-85, suddenly threw large stock on to the world market, causing prices
to fall almost 50 percent in little more than a year.

At the same time world production grew from 14 million to 19 million tonnes,
and that for 1985-86 is generally considered to exceed demand by 1 million
tonnes.

The last cotton harvest in Chad was around 130,000 tonnes, as against the pre-
vious crop of 156,000, and the selling price was high enough to cover the pur-
chase price paid to the growers.

In spite of the subsequent collapse in world prices, and difficulties in selling
crop, cotontchad thought fit to maintain the same purchase price, increasing
its total debts to around 60 million dollars.

In an attempt to save the situation the authorities have decided to limit pro-
duction to 100,000 tonnes, close gins and sack half Cotontchad's employees,
around 1,500 people.

The government has also decided to lift export taxes, which will cut its fiscal
revenue by about 30 percent.

The moves have been welcomed by Chad's donors, which have come up with a pledge

- to fund the 1987-88 season. Loans have been granted by the World Bank, the

European Development Fund and French aid sources.

11



JPRS«Ssange
August 19

*083
86

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS TEACHERS LAUNCH CAMPAIGN TO COUNTER UNITARY EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Jul 86 p 4

{Article by Claire Robertson]

(Text ]

/13104

A group of Afrikaans teachers ©

has launched an information
campaign to counter what it
sees as the leftist-liberal threat
of a single education depart-
ment for all races in South Afri-
ca.
This comes in the wake of a
recent survey among English
teachers in Natal which showed
most believed there should be a
single department of education
for all.

A committee of the Federa-
tion of Afrikaans Teachers’ As-
sociations is drawing up a docu-
ment to put into perspective
“education within a community
framework” — and the struc-
tures needed to realise it.

“It is the task of education
and the relevant authorities to
accommodate the educational
needs and aspirations of the var-
ious groups in a multicultural
country,” says the latest edition
of Mondstuk, journal of the
Transvaalse Onderwysrsvereen-

iging (TO).

There is growing dissatisfac-
tion among’ Afrikaans educators
and parents over the exposure
to “a subtle propaganda cam-
paign” to give the impression
that education departments
based on race or language are
not defensible — and that there
is every reason to expect a uni-
tary education system, the jour-
nal says.

This propaganda campaign
has lead many Afrikaans organ-
isations to say “so far and no
further”,

cso: 3400/269

70

CONFUSING

One of the great concerns is
that the Government’s educa-
tion policy is so confusing that
false impressions are formed
about it. © .

At the same time, the propa-
ganda has made a great impres-
sion. For example, the impres-
sion was created that only a
single education ‘department
could provide an equal standard
of education for all “as though
there were scientific proof. of
this”.

There is also concern that
; State inforination machinery
does little to throw a positive
light on the education system —
and radio and television give
scant attention the the official
policy of the Government.

“Given the massive support
among Afrikaans organisations
for educatidn as an ‘own affair’,
the silence from organised Afri-
kaans culture, the church and
parents is difficult to under-
stand,” says the TO.

The organisation supports the
concept of separate education
departments, and has talked to
thousands of Transvaal teachers
on the subject.

At many of the meetings,
calls were made for resistance
to the leftist-liberal attack on
educaticn, the journal said.
@The survey, which showed
Natal’s English teachers were in
favour of opening schools to all
races is discredited elsewhere in
Mondstuk. . .



JPRS“SSA~86~083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF BEIRA STRESSED BY GOVERNOR
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] "It is no accident thatthe city of Beira is regarded as the center of
economic and social activity in the country. In fact, it has an enormous
potential for the development of the country, including the Beira Corridor
project, which enjoys an excellent Seographic position for serving southern
Africa, in particular Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi, while also offering a
viable route to Botswana and Zaire."

This statement was made by Francisco Masquil, first provincial secretary of
the FRELIMO Party and governor of Sofala, when he spoke to the deputies in the
city assembly and the members of the city committee, executive council and
socioprofessional and mass democratic organizations last Wednesday.

The meeting at which he spoke, which lasted almost half a day, was held in the
Beira city auditorium. It provided this new leader with an opportunity to
hear and learn about and identify the main activities under way, while at the
same time becoming personally involved in the major tasks being carried out in
the city of Beira,

During his address, Francisco Masquil discussed the importance which must be
assigned to the development of industrial construction, as well as the
estimate of population density, which is calculated to be about 300,000
persons.

“For this reason we cannot set aside these people, because they are men doing
work in the various production fronts,” Masquil said. He added that where the

armed bandits are concerned, .this city has a major responsibility to eliminate
them.

Prior to the meeting, the governor of Sofala made the following entry in the
guest book he was invited to sign: "To the beloved city of Beira and the
beloved population of this city, the second largest in the RPM--inuch happiness
and peace. This peace will come fromus all; this happiness will come from
our dedicated work, guided by ‘the FRELIMO Party."

Fifteen minutes later, Manuel Cambezo, president of the Executive Council of
the City of Beira, began the reading of the report on the general situation in

28



JPRS~SSA*8E*083
5 august 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON PLAN FOR BLACK EDUCATION UNREST
MB100855 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 10 Jul 86
{Station Commentary: "Education and Unrest"]

[Text] There is little doubt that the ones most seriously affected by the
unrest situation in South Africa are the country's black school children.
The whole question of black education has become so politicized by radical
elements who are furthering aims that have nothing or little to do with |
eudcation, that the normalization of the situation has obviously become the |
top priority.

It is simply not possible to implement fully the changes which will give effect
to the government's stated commitment to equal standards of education for all
South Africans, while the present untenable conditions at some black schools
are allowed to continue. Those who are interested in anarchy rather than
education cannot be allowed to hold sway. Unrest, violence, intimidation and
class boycotts have to be brought to an end if there is to be any meaningful
future for the country's young people.

It is towards this end that a plan has been announced in Pretoria by the Depart-
ment of Education and Training. It is not intended as the final solution to the
problem, but it should be seen rather as a step in that direction. One of its
main factors entails preventing troublemakers getting into the schools as
pupils and causing disruption.

Announcing the plan, the deputy director-general of the department, Mr Jaap
Strydom, said much of the responsibility for its success would rest on the
shoulders of the country's 7,000 black school principals and 48,000 teachers.
The overall costs factor of the plan was not a consideration at this stage.
The important thing was the return to the normal education process.

It is one of the ironies of the unrest situation in South Africa that it is
precisely in the fields of black education that so much has already been done
in the way of reform and so much more is contemplated. Now much will also be
done to ensure that radical elements will no longer be allowed to undermine
the education process, and through it, evolutionary change in the country.

/12232
CSO: 3400/274

99



JPRS*SSA~86+083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

LICHINGA ENTERPRISE OFFICIAL DISCUSSES FARM PROBLEMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Jun 86 p 3

[Report of interview with Dinis Pio, head of Lichinga Agricultural Enterprise,
in Lichinga; date not given]

[Text] The Lichinga Agricultural Enterprise in Niassa has in the course of
the last two farm seasons experienced the greatest crisis ever, which has
already led to the dismissal of 310 workers. This enterprise is a part of the
400,000 hectare project which covers the provinces of Niassa and Cabo Delgado.
According to the director of the unit, no effective solution to the problem of
slowing the rapid decline can be foreseen in the short run.

In an interview with the correspondent of this newspaper in Lichinga, the
director of the enterprise, Dinis Pio, stated categorically that the 1985-86
harvest season was the worst experienced to date by his enterprise.

Expressing great concern about the results expected for this year, he said,
for example, that of the 600 hectares initially established as the goal for
corn cultivation, only 153 were in fact cultivated, 50 of them by mechanical
means and the balance by manual labor.

In connection with soy and other beans, crops which according to the plan were
to be allocated 100 hectares each, only 27 and 22 hectares, respectively, were
planted, also manually.

This official said that despite the effort made by the workers at his
enterprise, an encouraging yield cannot be expected since all of the crops
were planted without any of the chemical products which might promote their
growth.

In fact, lacking the fuel and lubricating oils needed for the machinery, as
well as fertilizers and weed killers, the Lichinga Agricultural Enterprise,
which is a part of the 400,000 Hectare Project in Niassa, surrendered the
areas allocated to corn and beans in some of its blocks to the sturdy grass
which now covers it, destroying any hope for the farm season.

It is in view of this situation that the leadership of the enterprise is
thinking, as an alternative, of introducing draft animals to cultivate its

35



An867083

“88.
SPRS*SS "1986

5 August

ZIMBABWE

SWEDISH AUTHORITY FINANCES CHILDREN'S FEEDING PROGRAM
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 29 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] The Swedish International Development Authority has committed $1 mil-
lion to finance the children's supplementary feeding programme for the next
two years to assist an estimated 250,000 malnourished children, most of them
in Chivi, Matabeleland South and Matabeleland North.

Delegates from the ministries of Agriculture, Education, Local Government,
Community Development, Water Development and Youth, Sport and Culture met in
the capital for three days last week to define the management and organisa-
tional structures for food and nutrition projects.

The Deputy Minister of Health, Dr Edward Pswarayi, told the 50 delegates that
the supplementary food production project had been evaluated last year and
that the evaluation had indicated serious shortcomings with respect to its
management and implementation.

He said that the ministry had tried to address this problem through consulta-—
tions with the key ministries and that already the national steering committee
on supplementary food production was actively working under Agritex.

The supplementary feeding scheme was established during the drought years

and is aimed at reaching younger malnourished children. Consequently the Min-
istry of Health established a Department of Nutrition, charged with the task of
identifying the nature and extent of food and nutrition problems with a view
to developing lokng-term strategies to alleviate them.

DR Pswarayi said last week: "The three years of drought which affected most
of the country, and the drought which still continues in parts of the country,
“has hampered progress in this direction.

"The supplementary food production scheme was introduced in an attempt to re-
store communities' self-reliance in the production of nutritious foods in areas
nutritionally at risk, thus reducing dependency on food handouts. The primary
target of this programme, therefore is malnourished children under Five years
of age in rural communities," _

The supplementary food production scheme provides communities with the
initial inputs for food production--seeds, fertilisers and fencing and then

60



JPRS*SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CHIMOIO AGRARIAN INSTITUTE TO IMPROVE TEACHING METHODOLOGY

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] The Chimoio Agrarian Institute (IAC), the only secondary school for
this sector in the country, is now gradually introducing a new teaching metho—
dology, with a view to raising the level of education provided to the students
enrolled there. Begun about 2 years ago, this methodology takes the form of
increasingly stricter requirements for students enrolling for the first time.
At the start of the school year, they are given pre-evaluation tests as a way
of determining the level and depth of knowledge they bring from primary school.
However, according to what the administrative office told our reporter, the pre-
evaluation tests have not yet been used to eliminate applicants whose knowl-
edge has proven to be poor. This practice was introduced because of poor re-
sults obtained in previous years. In truth, a large part of the students who
have enrolled in this school in recent years have proven to be poorly educated.
According to the school's administration, this lack of education has been seen
throughout the 3 years of taining at the institute, and consequently also
after they leave the school. The question of the level of teaching, which re-
quires consistency and discipline in transmitting knowledge, is currently a
concern not only of teachers and students, but of society as a whole. This

is true because once an individual leaves school, he serves society in the
various sectors of activity, and here is precisely where the strength or weak—
ness of his education is felt.

Open since 1977, the Chimoio Agrarian Institute, then known as the Agrarian
Middle Institute, is a school to train middle-level technicians in the agrar—
jan sector. According to what our reporter learned, during the first few
years it was open the middle-level institute trained only general technicians
in this field, without offering any specialization.

This explains why the initial graduates of the institute in 1979 were only
called middle-level agricultural technicians, since their training had not in-
cluded any one speciality, but consisted rather of a broad program that cover-
ed the entire field of agriculture.

According to the school administration, the first 36 middle-level technicians
were graduated at that time. This was 2 years after gaining national inde-

pendence.

31



by the Httle increases,
“considering the fact that
the ZCTU's  position-
prper to Government
during consultations be-
fore the increases sug-
gested that $271 be the
minimum wage in- line
with the poverty datum
line".

The 1981 Riddell Com-
mission, sald Cde_ Muta-
ndare, had set the PDL at
$191 a month, “but we
are not even there five
years after. That leaves
tg nowhere”.

ZCTU was deeply dis-
appointed that the em-
ployers had carried the
day because wage deter-

19274

cs0: 3400/251

mination on the new in-
creanes had had a very
strong employers’  in-
fluence “at the expense of
workers”.

He said Cde Shava had
put the inflation rate at 20
percent and the increase
awarded was 10 percent,
“where do we get the
other 10 percent. from?”
he asked.

The price of milk had
gone up and those of
other items kept soaring,
benefitin: the employer
who made sure he main-
tained hig profit margin. «

“The increases do not
take into account the loss

of purchasing power of
workers’ real incomes
which hos been gradually
eroded by inflation,” he
said,
“We accept that Gov-
ernment has to harness
inflation, _ however, we
disagree with the method
being used -which only
seeks to control the rais-
ing of salaries while
doing nothing about the
rising prices. -

«“,., Milk hag had two
price rises within six
months thig year. We are
convinced: that the ques-
tion of increases should
not be looked at in ispla-
‘tion but jointly,

63

“The whole question of
wages in the country
needs restructuring. Per-
centage incresments will
only serve to perpetrate
n basically uneven struc-
ture, Below the level of
$6 000 @ year, we suggest
quantum (given amount)
increases be awarded in-
stead of in percentages.”

He said Government
had not given an assur-
ance that the imbalance
of wages and inflation
cwoulg be redressed In the
near future, “which would
be consistent with creat-
ing employment for those
presently unemployed and
for future schoo! leavers.””



JPRS*S8A-86-083
August 198¢

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY STRESSES BLACK ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT
MB110812 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 11 Jul 86
[Station commentary: "Black Economic Advancement in South Africa"]

[Text] Whatever the reasoning being the campaign for economic sanctions
against South Africa might be, there can certainly be no pretense that it is
in the best interest of the country's black and other nonwhite communities.

Two factors in particular need to be borne in mind by the campaigners. Free
trade with the outside world and foreign investment have been largely respon-
sible for the development of South Africa's economy, by far the strongest in
Africa, And in turn the country's strong economy has been largely responsible
for the development and upliftment of its black people, to the extent that
they have the highest standard of living on the continent. Obviously the
continued development and upliftment of the black, colored and Asian communi-
ties in South Africa will be almost entirely dependent on the ability of the
economy to finance it.

The economic advancement of South Africa's nonwhite communities is illustrated
by figures contained in a survey conducted by the University of South Africa's
Bureau of Market Research. The results of the survey released this week show
that a drastic redistribution of income has been taking place in the past

5 years, during which time the personal disposable income of whites fell by
17.9 percent. In the 13 years between 1972 and 1985, the black, colored and
Asian share of the total disposable income rose by 12.2 percent to 44.5 per-
cent. It follows that with the continuing increase in their salaries and liv-
ing standards, blacks have been acquiring a rising degree of importance to the
country's industrialized economy. It is estimated that by the turn of the
century the black share of consumer spending in South Africa will have risen to
about two-thirds of the total.

It is in the light of these facts that the attempts to bring the South African
economy to.its knees must be evaluated. There simply is no way that a drastic
drop in their standard of living can benefit the black communities of South
Africa.

/12232
CSO: 3400/274

100



JPRS*S8A~86083
August 198¢

NIGER

PRIORITY OF RURAL SECTOR REAFFIRMED
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 4 Jun 86 pp 1,3
{Editorial: "Renewal of the Rural Sector"]

[Text] The rural sector employs 90 percent of the Nigerien population and
more than 75 percent of the active population. From independence up to the
present, on average it has produced more than 50 percent of the GDP.

These figures alone would be enough to justify our having made the rural
sector our priority of priorities for the past 10 years, in our actions and
in our development programs. But there is more. We must in fact accept that
in spite of the precariousness of our agriculture and its low productivity,
which a priori could have prohibited our making it the basis of internal and
controlled development, the absence of any other sector capable of energizing
our development has forced us to make it the foundation of our economy.
Industry is still nonexistent or embryonic in our country, and its development
is running up against external factors that are not always controllable.
Therefore, it is the rural sector which embodies our country's basic
development potential, and it is this potential which should serve as our
point of departure to assure our growth. Consequently, we understand the
privileged place accorded to the problems of the rural sector in the draft

of the national Constitution; and therefore, each of us can perceive the merit
of collective thought on this problem.

In the first place, the draft Constitution took into consideration the multiple
handicaps confronting our country in agricultural matters and stipulates that
it is advisable to take action to ease the situation over the short and
mid--terms. What is basically involved here is.an effort to effect substantial
growth in agricultural-livestock products by diversifying them. It is also a
question of improving the conditions of production by fighting the desert's
advance; by soil conservation and restoration; the formulation of forestry,
land, and energy policies; the harnessing of water;.and the management of

rural systems. Finally, what is involved is the development of hydroagricultural
facilities wherever possible, the adoption of a rural code, and the expansion
and maintenance of second-season crops as a permanent system of production.
Naturally, to this must be added the application of incentive prices to
remunerate the commendable efforts of our peasants and to encourage expansion
and improvement of crops. Only this kind of strategy will be able with

41



BUSINESS EXECUTIVES GIVE OPINIONS ON ANC, MANDELA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p2

[Article by Kitt Katzin]

{Text ]

SHOULD Nelson Mandela be!
released and the ANC un-
banned in SA's present cireum-
stances?

NO, says the Government
but many of SA's foremost
business leaders say YES —
despite the State of Emergency
and ongoing violence.

Mandela, they say, should be
released now more than ever,
and the ANC urgently brought
into the political debate and
held responsible by the country
at large for its actions and con-
tribution.

People in prison, say some
business leaders, did not make
mistakes — “so let Mandela
out to show what he is worth”.”

Commenting on whether he
should be freed and the ANC
unbanned, this is what some of
the country’s top business exec-;'
utives said:

GAVIN RELLY, chairman of
Anglo-American: “I have al-"
ways taken the view that
whether one likes the ANC or
not — and I personally do not
like its policy of violence nor
its Marxist economic thinking
it constitutes an important
factor in the SA putitical ‘set-
up.
“Because its leader, Mande-

la, has been jailed, he has be- *
come a myth and I believe the |

ANC should be challenged for
what it is and therefore we
must release its leaders.

“Tet them demonstrate

whether they have anything to,
offer. But while the whole pro-,
cess fecds on mythology, you|
can never come to grips with it?
— and I believe we have to.” .
GORDON WADDELL, chairmani
of Johannesburg Consolidated
Investment Co (JCI): “We can-
not start to find a solution un-
less Mandela is part of the pro-
cess. I have never doubted that
he should be released and the
ban on the ANC lifted. We will
never find the answers, or hope
for a.settlement, unless this is
done.” -
RAYMOND ACKERMAN, chair-
man of Pick ’n Pay: “We must
convince .the world that sanc-
tions, which are a violent and
“immoral option in itself, will
cimpoverish our country. neh
‘*“Only economic growth will
ensure peace in SA and blacks
should stop calling for punitive
measures, .
“Yes, Mandela must be freed
and the ANC unbanned, and if
.it is necessary to agree as a
prerequisite for talks to re-
nounce violence — on both
sides — and dismantle apart:
heid, then it must be done. if
“But there must be no condit:
tions from either side in trying.
to reach agreement on an:
" acceptable constitution — that
will solve nothing. st
“As businessmen, we must
appeal to.sanction-seekers not‘
" to go ahead and convince them;
» that all of us will suffer irrepa-!

83

IPRS*SSA+86~083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

rably as a result.”

"; AN” SIMS, chairman of BP

Southern Africa: “I welcome
any move that will reduce the
cycle of violence in SA and es-
tablish a political climate with-
in which a permanent and
peaceful solution can be nego-
tiated.

“If this means the release or
unbanning of political figures
who are prepared to work to-
wards this goal, then it seems
to me to be a necessary step.

“The condition attached
would be an obligation on ail to

;, act within the law.

“We clearly need dialogue

and negotiation with the widest

* spectrum of all groups in SA.”
TONY BLOOM, chairman of the
Premier Group: (from com-
ments in an annual report pub-
lished this week): “Political
power-sharing is the ultimate
issue to be addressed before
South Africans can aspire to
being a just society with equal
treatment before the law for
all citizens. .

“The prerequisite for nego-
tiations to take place must be
the unbanning of organisations
like the ANC and the release of
Mandela-and other jailed polit-

; Meal prisoners.

“Negotiations with the ANC
fare an historic inevitability’ «
and the question is not whether,
_jbut}*tather «when, these will :

take place.,
“The necessity for immedi-



Other diseases have also been increasing; last year there were 2,127 cases of
acute diarrhea, 1,174 of acute respiratory disorder, and 829 cases of measles
(with 237. deaths).

The importation of medication is carried out principally through Angomedica, a
government foreign trade company, but private importation has also been
authorized for the S. Miguel pharmacy. Medication worth 1.6 million Kz, out
of a total 7 million Kz, was purchased directly from the Socophar company in
Ponta Negra (Congo).

With 21 doctors, the Cabinda provincial hospital functions poorly due to a
high degree of absenteeism. Many of the technicians are Cuban.

Last year, 30 percent of the children under 1 year of age were vaccinated
with BCG, 25 percent of the children between 2 and 9 were vaccinated against
measles, and 30 percent of the pregnant women were given antitetanus vaccine.

Among the principal difficulties faced by the Health Department in. Cabinda,
Alfredo Kibinda cited the lack of fuel to power refrigerators for vaccines,
the lack of bicycles for nursing personnel to use, and nutritional and social
problems faced by local health personnel, as being the most serious.

Agricultural Crisis

The effects of the oil crisis will also be felt in agriculture, especially
during the crop year of 1987-88, says a report by the Angolan Ministry of
Agriculture.

The report calls for extreme care, as of right now, in the setting of
priorities, and. for a reduction in the importation of cereals and meat, with
an increase in the exportation of coffee and wood. The ministry also wants
to avoid at all costs any reduction in the production plan for corn, on which
it has already spent $4.5 million. The poultry industry continues to be
seriously affected by the crisis in corn feed.

U.K. Official Visits

The British adjutant sub-secretary for African affairs was recently in Angola
where he was received by the minister of foreign affairs, Alfonso Van Dunem.
Among the matters discussed were bilateral. relations between the two countries,
as well as the situation in Southern Africa.

Relations between Angola and Great Britain have been improving. British
Petroleum is involved in off-shore exploration there, and high-level delegations
of both countries have made reciprocal visits.

Quibala Described
Quibala--250 km southeast.of Luanda and is important as a transportation hub

for Huambo and Sumbe (previously Novo Redondo), which in times past. saw
hundreds of light and heavy trucks pass through in all directions every day.



Industrialists Surveyed on Views of Economy
(Geoffery 0. Omorodion; BUSINESS TIMES, 23 Jun 86) ..eeee

Independents Gain in Oil Products Marketing
(DAILY TIMES, 21 Jun 86). cscscrececccccersensecceccveres

NNPC Oil Revenue Protection Predicts Decline
(Ndu Nghamadu; BUSINESS TIMES, 23 Jun 86) wc cece cece ercee

Briefs
Nuclear Energy Research
Literacy Campaign Progress

SENEGAL

Complaints Voiced Against New Government Economic Policies
CFAGARU, May 86) .cececesscscecccecncececesscnceceeereces

Farmers Being Hurt
Industrial Policy Termed Provocation

ZIMBABWE

U.S. Attitude Toward Mozambique, Renamo Connection Criticized
(Paul Fauvet; MOTO, No 46)..

Mugabe Warns of Destabilization From Pretoria at C21
(THE HERALD, 3 Jul 86)...

"Brace for SA Sabotage’
Strive To Increase Exports, Industry Urged

CGPA Congress Addresses Sanctions, Lessening Dependence on RSA
(THE HERALD, 3 Jul 86).....eseeeccccccccceccnsscecceeees

Sound Production Base Needed
New Export Route Aid Pledge

Finance Ministry Releases Report on External Development
(THE HERALD, 3 Jul 86)...-ecceeeecececesccreerececrseces

Swedish Authority Finances Children's Feeding Program
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 29 Jun 86)...sseesecseeceecsrerseecens

New Wages, Increased Gazetted
(THE HERALD, 28, 30 Jun 86)....seecececcercecsscesreeses

Figures Given
ZCTU Expresses Disappointment

45

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48

49

50

50
51

53

55

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62

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IPRS«SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

COMMAND POST GRADUATIONS--Saturday Deputy Defense Minister and General Chief
of Staff Commander-General Sebastiao Marcos Mabote handed out commissions to
officers in the Armed Forces of Mazambique/FPLM who had completed their train-
ing at the Maputo Military Command Post. The badges awarded yesterday to the
new officers in our Army were for captain, lieutenant, second lieutenant and
officer candidate. Speaking at the ceremony, Commander-General Sebastiao
Mabote said that the event was of special importance to the Mozambican Armed
Forces, because it reflects the bravery and fighting spirit of our army.

"Your work should therefore further this conquest, which is a conquest of all
the people," Sebastiao Mabote said. The General Chief of Staff of the FAM/
FPLM went on to say that the promotion to officer should serve as an incentive
to continue the traditional ties of our Army with the people and its activi-
ties in defense of Mozambican society and revolutionary conquests. Another
point made by the deputy defense minister in his speech was the fact that the
graduates included soldiers who fought in hand-to-hand combat to free our
country of foreign occupation and gain national independence. The ceremony
which took place at the Military Command Post was also attended by Urban Dis-
trict No 1 Administrator Alberto Chicuaba and the commander of that military
unit, Colonel Lagos Lidimo, in addition to other officers in the Mozambican/
FPLM Armed Forces. Various military exhibitions, including marching displays,
preceded the ceremony to award the commissions. [Test] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 2 Jun 86 p 1] 9805

BRITISH COOPERATIVE WORKERS—-A group of cooperative workers serving with a
solidarity organization, MAGIC, harvested more than 2,500 kilograms of oranges
last Saturday in a campaign sponsored jointly with the Maputo Citrus Fruits
State Enterprise. The international workers, who are British and whose
services were obtained through the Mozambique Information Office and the
International Voluntary Service, did this work in one of the blocks belonging
to that enterprise in the Umbeluzi zone. At the end of the harvest, they were
given an opportunity to visit the sector where fruit is packed for export and
to attend the children's festival organized by the nursery at the enterprise,
During the harvesting work, one of the MAGIC officials commented: “We read
the appeal from the Citrus Fruit Enterprise in the newspaper NOTICIAS and we
decided to offer our services as a contribution to safeguarding the fruit
harvest. We are also encouraged to learn that, thanks to the steps taken by
the enterprise, the fruit which is not suitable for export is being sold to
the people at reasonable prices.” According to this same official, the
harvest campaign achieved the goals established and was not only useful and
productive, but also educational for the participants. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 86 p 2] 5157

C€S0:3442/247

38



JPRS“SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AWB BRANCHES REPORTEDLY TO GET SPECIALLY EQUIPPED VANS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul-86 p 1

[Text] Brandwag branches of the Afrikaner Accordinig to our sources, at least one
. Weerstandsbeweging have allegedly been | Brandwag branch on the East Rand has
advised to equip themselves with panel _ already obtained such a panel wagon. The

vans similar to the one the A-Team uses Star was told that the Security Police

in the popular television series. were aware of this. -

Sources say the vans are to be fitted The word that Brandwag branches

out with racks for firearms, and with should procure A-Team vans evidently
seats and other accessories, as in the | went out shortly before the state of
black van seen weekly on television. emergency was announced. 2

It is said that the vehicle, with its slid- Sources said AWB members in some
ing side-door, will enable Brandwag areas were ready for any spillover of

branches ‘to ‘act as mobile fighting units black unrest into white areas on June 16.
in their local neighbourhood. AWB Brandwagte, consisting of about
‘ seven members,.were specially estab-
lished as “a precaution against the dan-

, ger of unrest situations”.

A spokesman for the AWB headquar-
ters in Pretoria denied the allegations,
saying “it is a very interesting story”.

“I just wonder where our branches
would get the money to buy A-Team
vans,” the AWB spokesman said.

A spokesman from the Directorate of
Public Affairs at Police Headquarters
said the police were not aware of the
Brandwag panel vans.

19274
CSO: 3400/227

69



IPRS«SSA~86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MANY OPTIMISTIC ABOUT BIG BOOM IN BLACK HOUSING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 7

{Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text]

Black homeownership is gaining
momentum. . .

The Government's latest “in-
jection of R750 million into
housing is likely to cut back the
estimated backlog of 450000
units by about 10 percent.

Not only will the multi-mil-
lion rand allocation create thou-
sands of jobs in the building in-
dustry, but the National Build-
ing Research Institute predicts
that from 50000 to 125000 new
homes could be brought on to
the market. :

Apart from the increasing
rate in the provision of black
housing in both the public and

” private sectors — LTA Comiat'

-and Basil. Read Sun Homes re-
cently unveiled plans for nearly
2000 homes for coloured people
— the Great Sale through the
Department of Local Govern-
ment is hitting the 1000 homes a
month mark. oo

The country’s building socie-
ties, too, are making big strides
in the low-cost homes business,
with the United, for instance, di-
recting about 50 percent of its
lending capability to black
homeowners. 4

Mr Piet Kruger, general man-
ager of the United’s home-lend-
ing activities, says:

“This figure, however, is only

. the tip of the iceberg.

19274

cso:

3400/259

“The Government's R750 mil-
lion allocation for low-cost hous-
ing is awaited with keen antici-
pation and there is no doubt that
this move will get the ball roll-
ing — not just for existing home
buyers but for new and self-help
housing projects as well.”

The introduction of freehold
property rights to blacks must

78

also boost sales.
Allied to this is the vital ne-

seessity of on-going employer

support in housing require-

~ ments.

“About 90 percent of all the
United's loans to date have been
employer-assisted,”; says Mr

Kruger. .
The society's loans to black

-home buyers during .1985

amounted to R100 million and:
this figure is expected to be far
exceeded this year.

Dr Llewellyn Lewis, president
of the Institute of Housing for

Southern Africa, urges the Gov-
- ernment to release details of the

planning and allocation of the
R750 million as soon as possible
so that the building materials
supply industry can gear up to
cope with the extra demand.

“It should be remembered,”
he says, “that even in the hey-
day of the Government's hous-
ing effort when townships were
mass built, using high-speed
techniques, the best delivery of
economic units in a single year
was 40000. .

“The current target must be
at least 70 000 units a year.”



390199

JPRS-SSA-86-083

5 AUGUST 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

7
oS
<>
oo

“Riermae Aw eerw

DBTRBOTION STATHT 7 co
Approved tor pablie release) Ss
Unlimited i >
—>
Bd

s ‘UTED 3
(gyro QUAL se AOTED rm

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE i
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 iF
Avo



GOVERNMENT BOOST TO NORTHERN TRANSVAAL EXPERIENCES DELAYS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 86 p 7

[Article by Dirk Nei]

{Text ]

PIETERSBURG — The
task of beefing up the
border areas of the
Northern and North-
Western Transvaal has
proved to be a slow and
costly process, with the
Government finding itself
forced to pump millions
of rand into the improve-
ment of security and of
infrastructure.

The desperate econom-
ic situation of most farm-
ers has made the opera-
tion even more difficult,
as private enterprise par-
ticipation is at a low ebb.

Nevertheless, Govern-
ment action has undoubt-
edly helped to check a
major exodus of farmers,
which reached alarming
proportions in 1980.

The measures taken *

have included: :
@ The implementation of
some aspects of the act
on designated areas, such
as financial incentives
for farmers living less
than 10km from the bor-
der, and assistance to
new farmers.

@ The provision of Escom
power to most remote
districts.

. @ Improvements in tele-
* phone and radio networks
throughout the region.

@The enlargement of.

military bases, and the

19274

CSO: 3400/257

training of a formidable
reserve force including
farmers and their fami-
lies,”

@A spectacular advance
in the tarring of roads.
and the provision of an
effective transport ser-
vice for the speedy mov-
ing of produce and live-
stock to distant markets.

@The ‘development of
‘towns such as .Ellisras
and Messina into more
: effective commercial and
service centres.

@A_ recent financial
package to reduce high
interest rates on loans,
and to assist farmers
with the problem of short
term cash shortages.

A senior official of the
Department of Constitu-
tional Development and
Planning could not give
an accurate figure, but
agreed that the Govern-
ment had put more than
R200 million into the bor-
der yegion during the
past five years.

This included about «

R50 millign to _ assist

farmets ‘to ffonsolidate.;

their farms, buy imple-
ments and reduce debts.

~ The Government has
also recognised water as
a key factor requiring ur-
Rent attention.

Mr Jack Botes, chair-
man of the Northern
Transvaal Regional De-
velopment Advisory
Committee, has cont
firmed that the utilisa-:°
tion of the Limpopo,.
River had become a top’
priority.

He said talks had been:.
held between South Afri-
ca, Botswana and Zim:
babwe, as the Limpopo
was an__ international
river, but added that no
final. decision had been

_ taken yet. an

, ‘Impressive as all this

“activity may be, it pro- +
“duces _
grassroots level.

problems at

“The Government's
share in. improving our
lot is indispensable, but
of necessity it has been

. Spread thinly over a wide

area: Some of the delays
have resulted in a total
loss of momentum. for
promising projects,”
commented Mr
Thom, chairman of the
Alldays development
committee.

He said the Govern-
ment's plan to develop
the village of Alldays into _
a viable commercial cen- .
tre was received with
great enthusiasm when it
was announced four
years ago,

104

JPRS“SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH. AFRICA

{7 “But all I have to show
at this point is a handful
of town plans and a few
thousand rand from pri-
vate and Government

sources, which I cannot

start spending because of
réd tape and administra-
tive delays.”

He added that there
was a total lack of co-
ordination between the
departments which had
to give final approval to
the respective projects.
As a result of the delay,
interest by outside inves-
tors had waned.

‘Plans already = ap-
| proved include those for
a new post office, a hospi-
tal, a Government build-
ing, several blocks of

" flats, additional school
facilities, a swimming
bath and a golf course.

But nothing can be
done until essential ser-
vices are laid on and offi-
cial approval has been
granted. Similarly, sever-
al other remote commun-
ities just have to wait
their turns, while the

' present economic reces-
sion continues to take its
toll,

However, many of the
border farmers have
stayed afloat miraculous-
ly.



Correia Trial Called ‘Farce’; Repression, Persecution Charged
(Jose Antonio Salvador; EXPRESSO, 7 Jun 86).....

KENYA
Briefs
Oil Pipeline Agreement With Uganda
Trade Agreement With Ethiopia
KNA To Cooperate With XINHUA
MOZAMBIQUE
Naval School Celebrates First Anniversary
(NOTICIAS, 4 Jun 86).........0008 eee eens
CCPM President Discusses Economic Ties With Portugal
(DOMINGO, 8 Jun 86)..... secre ee eeeee
ANC Youth Delegation Ends Week-Long Visit
(NOTICIAS, 19 Jun 86). eee e eee e ec eeees
Strategic Importance of Beira Stressed by Governor
(NOTICIAS, 14 Jun 86)...... seer e ee eee
Chimoio Agrarian Institute To Improve Teaching Methodology
(NOTICIAS, 6 Jun 86) cece eececscneee on
Lichinga Enterprise Official Discusses Farm Problems
(NOTICIAS, 14 Jun 86) cececececesccnees
Briefs
Ex-Policeman Sentenced
Algerian Donation for Children
Command Post Graduations
British Cooperative Workers
NIGER
Restructuring of Industrial Sector Urged
(Editorial; LE SAHEL, 10 Jun 86)......cccecceccecceceece
Priority of Rural Sector Reaffirmed
(Editorial; LE SAHEL, 4 Jun 86).........ccceecececcceces
NIGERIA

Awolowo Urges Patience With Present Administration
(DAILY TIMES, 17 Jun 86).......

Minister Reviews Unemployment Figures, Policies
(Funmi Jolaosho; DAILY TIMES, 19 Jun 86)..

-b-

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20

21

23

26

28

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41

43

44



JPRS*SSA+86+083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER COMMENTS ON WHEAT SALE FROM U.S.

MB101024 Johannesburg SAPA in ENglish 1013 GMT 10 Jul 86

[Text] Pretoria, 10 July, SAPA--A further quantity of 66,000 tons of wheat
would be imported from the United States, the minister of agricultural eco-
nomics and of water affairs, Mr Greyling Wentzel, announced today.

Due to unfaourable climatic conditions, especially during the last few years,
"it became necessary for South Africa to supplement its wheat requirements
from abroad," he said.

Contrary to other drought-stricken African countries, South Africa found
itself in the favourable position "of being able to supplement its food
shortfalls through imports, which are settled for in cash."

Mr Wentzel said South Africa also supplied wheat to certain other African
countries, "which in the current year will entail deliveries of approximately
150,000 tons of wheat to neighbouring states."

The minister said South Africa had until now "not encountered unsurmountable
obstacles to trade in the traditional way and it is trusted that, in spite
of alleged trade sanctions the country's traditional trading partners will
proceed with their international treaty obligations and continue to trade
with South Africa on a non-discriminatory basis."

"Should it, however, develop differently in future, the South African Govern-
ment will perforce have to drastically review its purchasing policy from
abroad."

In this regard, further wheat supplies would in all probability have to be
imported from abroad in the foreseeable future, Mr Wentzel said.

/12232
cso: 3400/272

105



JPRS*SSA+86*083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

ANC YOUTH DELEGATION ENDS WEEK-LONG VISIT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] A delegation representing the National Committee of the ANC Youth
Section ended a 7-day friendship and solidarity visit to our country yesterday
morning. The delegation came to Mozambique at the invitation of the
Mozambique Youth Organization to participate in the celebrations of the
International Year of Peace and the 10th anniversary of the Soweto student
uprisings.

The purpose of this visit by the delegation representing the Youth Section of
the ANC, which was headed by Ace Mekgwe, a member of that organization, and
included two other members, was to have an exchange of experiences with the
representatives of the Mozambique Youth Organization on various levels, within
the framework of the relations of solidarity which link the brotherly peoples
of Mozambique and South Africa.

Speaking on behalf of the delegation just moments before leaving Maputo, Ace
Mekgwe told journalists: “During our stay in Mozambique, both in the meetings
we had with officials of the FRELIMO Party and in our contacts with the
Mozambique Youth Organization, we sensed the friendship and solidarity the

people of Mozambique feel for our people, who are struggling against
Apartheid.”

Ace Mekgwe further added that during the tour the members of the delegation
made, involving various sectors of activity, they were vividly impressed by
the dedication of the entire Mozambican people to the struggle against
underdevelopment and the establishment of peace in the region.

On this occasion, Ace Mekgwe expressed the view that the visit paid to
exchange experience with Mozambican youth was quite useful, because the two
youth organizations agreed during their talks that demonstrations of
friendship should not be limited to commemorative occasions alone. There
should also be permanent contact between the OJM and the Youth ANC Section.

Ace Mekgwe said that the welcome given his delegation from the day of its
arrival bore witness to the fact that the triumph of the South African people
in their struggle against Apartheid represents the triumph of all the
countries in southern Africa.

26



DOCTORS' REPORT CALLS FOR RELEASE OF ALL. JAILED CHILDREN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 86 p 13

[Text]

‘DURBAN — South’African prisoiis should be emptied of
children, according to a report compiled by two doctors who
went on officially approved visits to South African jails:

“Have we abandoned all the laws that protect those too young
and weak to do so for themselves?” paediatricians Professor
Norma Saxe and Dr Margaret Elsworth asked in their report.

The doctors visited St Albans prison in Port Elizabeth, prisons in’
George and Worcester and the Victor Verster prison at Paarl, after:
a Committee of Concern for Children delegation discussed child.
prisoners with Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange. The
visits were arranged by a prisons official.

“Should no alternatives be found to this present system, our

society is faced with the chilling prospect of a generation of black
juveniles who no longer believe in the way justice is practised by
authority,” the doctors warn.“ .
.. “Children should not be in prison. If they have been sentenced,
they should be in a place of safety. If they are awaiting trial, they
should be returned to the custody of their parents or guardians. If
this is not possible they should be kept in a place of safety.”

The report found that the four prisons visited from May 20 to
May 22 were “efficiently run by professionals; firm discipline is
balanced by the strong vocational sense of many staff, some who
show compassion beyond the call of duty.

“There was no evidence of abuse of any prisoner.”

But the report concentrated on the plight of children in the jails
and concluded: “It is a totally. unacceptable situation to have chil-
dren incarcerated in prisons.”

The doctors said their impression, was that the country’s prisons
were “experiencing a phenomenon unique in history, namely that,
in comparison with both First and Third World figures, we have
inordinate numbers of children incarcerated”.

In Parliament this year, Minister le Grange announced that
13556 of the 18966 people arrested for unrest-related offences in
1985 were under the age of 20.

Public violence charges ;

Children seen by the doctors in the prisons ranged in age from 10
years to 20. Many were being held on charges of public violence.

“Three juveniles were seen who had been awaiting trial for 11
months. There were others in a similar position.”

“Many had been awaiting trial for over two months. Our impres-
sion of conditions for awaiting-trial juveniles was that one week in
some prisons would be enough to engender permanent psychologi-

85

JPRS*SSA*86+083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



IJPRS“SSA~86~083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

JOB CREATION PROGRAM--Umtata~-Between 50,000 and 60,000 people could be em-
ployed between agricultural seasons in Transkei, where employment figures

now top the 200,000 mark, This is an approach the ten-month-old, muiti-
faceted Transkei Employment Creation (TEC) programme is working towards in
developing relief employment, The TEC programme, established after talks
between Transkei's Prime Minister and the South African Government, and ad-
ministered by a secretariat based at the Institute for Management and Devel-
opment Studies, has run relief projects and a long-term programme aimed at
creating self-sustaining jobs. -[Text] [East Lohdon DAILY DISPATCH in English
19 Jun 86 p 3] _/9274 ne

CSO: 3400/229

80



assurance that he, together with the other members of the delegation, will
inform the pertinent structures of the real situation existing with regard to
coffee in the province.

He indicated his intention to report on the ardent desire of the people to
continue to produce, so that coffee can become even more important and so that
this province can achieve outstanding rank within the context of the
socioeconomic development of the country.

Lieutenant Colonel Loy further admitted that there are many difficulties on
the sectorial level supervising coffee production, and that it has not been
possible to find the resources necessary to resolve all of the problems.

He added that the party and government structures in the province must become

more deeply involved, so as to cooperate in finding the means to overcome the
difficulties mentioned.

5157
CS0:3442/249



Ax86+083

“38.
JPRS*SSAn SR,

5 August

SENEGAL

COMPLAINTS VOICED AGAINST NEW GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC POLICIES
Farmers Being Hurt
Dakar FAGARU in French May 86 pp 1-2

[Text] The plundering of our financial resources by a parasitic bourgeoisie
for a quarter of a century has served to deepen the dependence of our country
on all levels today.

Even the drafting of the main economic policy documents, a process now under
way in our country with the New Farm Policy, has been entrusted to the New
Source of Knowledge (NSS), made up of World Bank experts.

But the problem is that the New Farm Policy, although conceived by the NSS,
has reajJly begun badly, despite excellent rainfall levels. Aclear sign of
this failure is the dismissal from the government of the prophet, Amadou Bator
Diop (PSL), who strove to appear as the father of reform and the messiah
Senegalese agriculture needed.

The workers involved in this sector will remember him on this 1 May
centennial, and for a much longer time, without a doubt, even though, like
many others, he was but a docile puppet. It was he who forced the workers in
the rural staffing structures into the streets, without concern for what would
become of them. The cynical plan he undertook to promote has already done
away with the SONAR, and the New Land Company (SIN), with the dismissal of all
their personnel, and the determination to continue the reduction, already
launched, in the personnel of the rural development companies, to the extent
of 75 percent for the SODEVA and 60 percent for the SOMIVAC-SODAGRI.

The new farm policy is a more disastrous calamity for the peasants than the
drought. The fact that they were deprived of seeds for the planting of
peanuts, as well as fertilizers and plant health products, is in fact not only
unacceptable, but also threatens their activity, their income and the
national economy. The low level of peanut production this year is a
sufficient indicator of the pernicious nature of this new farm policy.

This low production has led to a failure of our economy to earn, and has

served as the detonator for the dismissal of personnel at the oil plant as
well as the SEIB.

50



113104
cso:

hin turn will increase repression, par-
ticularly once the West has played its last
card, sanction

Racial polarisation will be aggravated
and we could end up, if not in a race war, in
Third World straits for decades.

i way a tragedy of monstrous
's can be averted and it is the very

It is a vast investment and upliftment
programme by the West similar to the Mar-
shall Plan that helped to reconstruct
Europe.

For this to come about, our Government
would have to agree to a clearly defined
Programme leading to true democracy.

The West would have to help us get there
with eapital, manpower and, if necessary,
arms.

These are the things one wishes more
than hopes that PW Botha and Geoffrey
Howe will discuss when they meet.

3400/270

92

We have what the great democracies of

the West want and they have what we want.

The West wants jobs and a purpose in life

\ for milions of well-educated young people.
“We can offer it all.

South Africa needs development capital
to lift a big Third World population into the

First.

The West needs a home for capital that is
wastefully washing around the world, play-
ing speculative markets in currencies, com-
modities and futures. It also needs the
gro market that such a development
Programme implies.

‘The West wants cheap raw materials. We
have them in abundance.

If an economic miracle a la Japan and’
West Germany can be pulled off in SA, this
nation could be saved for democracy and all
of Africa could eventually follow.

This would mean far more than all the
emotional claptrap being spoken and sung
about Africa in the West today.



JPRS“SSA“86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SAAF IN TRANSVAAL EXERCISES-~Pietersburg--The South African Air Force is
carrying out high intensity exercises in the Northern Transvaal. The exer-
cises started yesterday and involve the Pietersburg, Hoedspruit, Waterkloof
and Swartkops air bases, The exercises will end on Monday. Fighters, heli-
copters and light aircraft are fighting a daily 24-hour "battle" between two
fictitious forces over a wide area. A unit will be deployed at the airfield
near Punda Maria in the Kruger National Park, An air force spokesman said
care was being taken to cause minimal disruption in the park. Operation
Golden Eagle is the second of a series of high intensity exercises, according
to a statement issued by Air Force Headquarters in Pretoria. Brigadier P. D.
Steyn said the exercises were being held to achieve command, control and
training objectives. No further details have been released. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jun 86 p 1] /9274

csO: 3400/227

71



The Chimoio Agrarian Institute resulted from the reorganization of the former
School of Agricultural Regents of Chimoio, which was then Vila Pery.

Ten Years Later

Now nearly 10 years after the Chimoio Agrarian Institute was founded, the sit-
uation has improved considerably, from both an organizational and a teaching
standpoint, and from the standpoint of the number of graduates and the local
and foreign instructors who taught there 10 years ago.

However, the institute still has many problems, and is particularly concerned
with raising the teaching standards, which also implies raising the level of
training of the teaching staff itself.

As several of the Mozambican instructors who teach there heve said, the insti-
tute's major problem is related to the quality of the teaching materials such
as books, and especially reference books, which are so essential for a pre-
university level student.

One positive result of efforts to raise the standard of teaching in our coun-
try is the fact that today the Chimoio Agrarian Institute has agronomists and
forestry engineers on its teaching staff. Besides two engineers, the insti-
tute also has a number of instructors who are graduates of the school itself.

Both the young engineers who attended Eduardo Mondiane University and the var-
ious middle-level technicians teaching there all attended the Chimoio Agrarian
Institute.

According to information received locally by our reporter, and despite prob-
lems still remaining at various levels of education in our country, the Chi-
moio Agrarian Institute is making firm progress at least. with regard to its
teaching staff.

As proof of this, it would suffice to point out that about 10 years ago, the
institute's teaching staff was almost entirely made up of foreign instructors.
Today the picture is altogether different.

For the current school year, the Chimoio Agrarian Institute has 342 students,
all of them boarding, and a teaching staff of 27 instructors, of which only
5 are foreign.

Specialization

As we said at the outset, the Chimoio Agrarian Institute trained only nonspe-
cialized middle-level agricultural technicians in the beginning. Specializa-
tions were introduced in 1979 and included agriculture, forestry, livestock
raising and mechanization.

Now all students enrolling in the school are channeled into one of the spe~
cialties. The educational program is for 3 years, at the end of which the
recent graduates are sent into the various sectors of the economy, in accord-
ance with the country's overall needs.

32



MINISTER REVIEWS UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES, POLICIES

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jun 86 p 32

[Article by Funmi Jolaosho]

[Text

713104
cso:

} ABOUT three mil-
lion Nigerians are
jobless, Employment
ibour and Producti-
vity Minister, Rear-
Admiral Patrick
Koshoni disclosed in
Lagos yesterday.

‘The figure, according to
the minister, comprised of
primary and secondary
school leavers and gra-
duates of higher insti-
tutions.

He said about 9.7 per
cent of the labour force in
che urban area are also un-
employed.

Rear-Admiral Koshoni
announced government
plans to combat unemp-
loyment which include the
establishment of the
national youth
employment and mobili-

sation programme which.

would provide vocational
training with a view to
enhance self employment.

Others are the public
works employment
programme which is

3400/142

4h

designed to generate
income and create jobs in
rural areas, and the deve-
lopment of small-scale in-
dustries and graduate un-
employment — scheme
which is also expected to
create employment oppor-
tunities for about 10,000
graduates. .
Rear-Admiral Koshoni

also disclosed that the’

Federal Government had
directed that for every ex-
patriate employed on the
board of any company,
there must be two
Nigerians to under study
the expatriate,

In order to ensure that
foreigners were not emp-
loyed in areas where there
are qualified ”
the minister said: "'
purpose certain posts for
which there is ample re-
Serve of qualified
Nigerians have been listed
for exclusion from expa-
triate quota approvals.”

He however, said that
the implementation of the
quota restriction would be
done by the Ministry of
Internal Affairs.

IPRS*SSA=864083
5 August 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS*SSA*867083
5 August 1986

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH--Nigeria has joined the race for nuclear energy
research. The scheme is geared towards tapping all the benefits derivable
from nuclear energy technology in peace time, as opposed to military use. The
minister of science and technology, Dr Emmanuel Emovon, disclosed this in
Lagos on Friday while briefing newsmen on the activities of his ministry.
According to the minister, the research is meanwhile concentrated in four
centres universities of Nigeria Ife, Ahmadu Bello, and Sokoto, where
provisions or infrastructural facilities are progressing well. The centres
are meanwhile negotiating the purchase of small trainer-reactors. Dr Emovon
said although nuclear plants are fraught with high risks, the nuclear accident
which occurred recently in Russia, should not deter Nigeria from reaping the
main benefits that would be derived from such project. The minister said that
nuclear accident is a once-in-lifetime incident, and compared it with plane
erashes where a lot of hell is raised when one occures, whereas people are
killed daily in motor accidentds. On solar energy, Dr Emoven noted that some
tangible progess has been made with the development of such devices as solar
coolars, bio-gas digesters, crop dryers, improved windmill and many more.
[Text] [Enugu WEEKLY STAR in English 22 Jun 86 p 1] /13104

LITERACY CAMPAIGN PROGRESS--The mass literacy campaign which took off in the
country in 1982 with the aim of eradicating illiteracy in the country by the
year 1992 has already run into financial and material hitch becasue of the
dwindling economy of the nation. Dr Jibril Aminu, federal minister of
education said in his address yesterday in Owerri, Imo State that when the
campaign took off in 1982, it was assumed that about 80 per cent of the
Nigerian population was illiterate but, four years after it's take off, only
1.5 million illiterate persons were made literate while reports from states
show very low progress. According to the minister among other problems facing
adult education in the country was the problem of finance adding that because
of the dwindling economy, the amount voted by the federal government for adult
education decreased annually. Federal government vote for the scheme in 1982
was N5.6 million, in 1984 it was N3 million while this year 1986 it was just
above Nl million. Also the cost of equipment needed for the progrmmes had
increased while the Federal input to the states decreased annually the
minister stated. [Text] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English 20 Jun 86 p 1]

{Article by Godwin Anyanwu] /13104

cso: 3400/142

49



INDUSTRIALISTS SURVEYED ON VIEWS OF ECONOMY

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 23 Jun 86 pp 12-13

[Article by Geoffery 0. Omorodion]

(Text ]

FTV ILE Nigeria’s eco-

nomy in the past
four years has been in
a sorry situation as the
nation continues to
experience dislocatién
in all economic activi-
ties with heavy foreign
it; high import bills;-
high levels of inflation
and unemployment
and poor investment
climate.

The current oil
market of price flunc-
tuations and low
demand are indications
of a gloomy picture en-
visaged for the
economy at least for
the next five years.

Reports on the
World oil market have
shown a constant de-
cline of price crude oil
from $25.00 (about
N25) per barrel ‘two
years ago to $17.50
(bout N17.50)
currently. Observers
believe that the worst
is yet to come and had
projected that the
price might not get
back to its original
position.

‘This development is

undoubtedly having some
spillover effects on the
‘revenue base of the’
Nigerian economy as oil’
revenue is still the main
source of revenue for the
Federal Government, Re-
cognising this situation,

the Federal Government

fashioned out its 1986

budget along the econo-

mic realities of its limita-
tions and designed tight
economic “measures

to bring about positive”
results,

‘The economic emer-
gency period would end in
October this year and
looking at the economic
environment now, it
appears that not much
changes had taken place
despite al! efforts being
initiated by the Federal
Government,

The Daily Times Re-
search Department
decided therefore to
sample the views of the
industrialists in order to
determine the extent of
success of government's
economic policies towards
rapid economic recovery.

OBJECTIVE OF THE

SURVEY

‘The objective of the sur-
vey is to solicit the views
of industrialists about the

45

JPRS*SSA9864083
5 August 1986

NIGERIA

numerous measures taken
by the Federal Govern-
ment for economic re-
covery and to provide the
government useful infor-
mation that could aid
policy formulation.
SURVEY
METHODOLOGY

Predetermined ques-
tionaires were adminis-
tered and sent to 200
industrialists who were
randomly selected in all
the 19 states of the federa-
tioin. They include those
in manufacturing, finance,
construction, mining, ser-
‘ices etc.

A total of 165 i
trdists responded.
represents 82.5 per cent.

Industrialists’ Assess-

ment of the Nigerian

Economy

Slightly more than half
of the respondents, 88 or
53.3 per cent are yet to
observe any significant
changes on the Nigerian
economy, Only 2 or 1.2
per cent have seen partial
changes while 55 or 33.3
per cent felt that the eco-
nomy was deteriorating.

Major Problems Facing

Nigeria

More than half of the
respondents are of the
view that the greatest
problems facing Nigeria
today include:

is



MEC Salaries

19274
CSO:

3400/259

‘The six members of the Transvaal’s new all-
race Executive Committee can expect to
earn salaries of at least R52 000 a year. It is
understood that part of this is tax-free.

Also included in their packages, sources
have indicated, is a monthly pension which
after 15 years’ service is equal to a month’s
salary at the time of retirement. If an MEC
retires before 15 years are up, the pension is
worked out on a pro rata basis.

Then there is a monthly housing allowance
of R750 — although this is taxable — and the
option of living in a Government house.

In addition, there is a chauffeur-driven ve-
hicle which is fully serviced and fuelled but
may be used only for offical travel.

This package is understood to be what the
old MECs were getting before the new com-
mittee was sworn in on Tuesday. ,

This could well be augmented when the
Government implements the Schlebusch
Commission’s recommendations on more
generous packages for public functionaries.

74



ate dialogue flows precisely
from the fact that no one side
in the SA struggle can impose
its will on the other without
tragic human casualties and
widespread destruction of
property.

“The urgency for this dia-
logue flows from the fact that
polarisation is taking place at
an alarmimg rate. Enfran-
chisement of blacks — govern-
ment by consent ~— is a sine
qua non for a peaceful future.”
DORIAN WHARTON-HOOD, the
MD of the Prudential Assur-
ance Co of SA: “Unless Mande-
Ja is released and the ANC un-
banned, SA will be faced with
severe sanctions — I do not be-
lieve Mrs Margaret Thatcther
and President Ronald Reagan
will hold out for much longer.”

He said British Foreign Sec-
retary Sir Geoffrey Howe's
visit to SA was crucial.  °

“He nwust at all costs get this”

message across to thé Govern-
ment. If he doesn’t, and Mande-
Ja is not released, we'll find it
impossible to comeback once
sanctions are imposed.”

Mr Whartori-Hood; speaking *

from London, said he was im-
pressed with the ground-swell
of public sympathy for SA, and
the belief that sanctions would

exacerbate the current situa-

tion of unrest.

NEIL CHAPMAN, chief execu-
tive of Southern Life Insurance:
“There can be no meaningful
decision on SA without Mande-
la’s release and the unbanning
of the ANC.”

He said it was not in the best
interests of South Africans for
the ANC’s views to be withheld.

From what he had heard and
read, it appeared that the ANC
was more responsible than gen-
erally recognised in SA, Mr
Chapman said.

He believed this obstacle had
been caused by a lack of infor-
mation on both sides.

He did not believe that the
ANC could itself take the ini-
tiative in denouncing violence,
but would probably respond to
a strong initiative. .

“The Government cannot ex-
pect the ANC to renounce vio-
lence without good reason, and
so we find ourselves in a chick-
en-and-egg situation. Someone

19274
csO: 3400/258

must break out and the initia-
tive must come from the Gov-
ernment.”

JOHN WILSON, executive chair-
man of Shell SA, and president
of the Federated Chamber of
Industries: “We must distin:

_ guish between the ANC’s inter-
nal and external wing, and talk
to the moderate faction just as
we must talk to rightwing
groups like the AWB, HNP and
the CP.

“By speaking to all political
parties, and involving them in
negotiations, we would depoli-
ticise trade unions. I support
Mandela's release and there
should be no conditions.”

__It was not in SA's interests to
imprison him and maintain the
ban on the ANC. “If I was an
ANC strategist, that’s exactly
what I would want.

“Without a strong economy
you can't have a strong politi-
cal system, and the Govern-
ment is not performing politic-

_ ally.”

CHRIS SAUNDERS, chairman of

the Tongaat-Hulett Group: “If
ever Mandela is to be released,
surely this is the time, with the

State of Emergency. On the ,

question of renouncing vio-
lence, I understand both points
of view, though at some point
negotiations will have to begin.

“When they do, all groups
will-have to particpiate, which

; cannot be done if some leaders
* are in jaik Surely, we we have
that chance now, under the
laws applicable to the State of

“Emergency. Unbanning the .

ANC is a matter of negotia-
tion.”

FRED DU PLESSIS, chairman of
Sanlam: “I believe we cannot
talk to the ANC if it continues
to keep open its option on vio-
lence, which nobody else has. If

it renounces violence and com- -

mits itself to a peaceful solu-
tion, I would welcome talks,
support its unbanning and

agree to Mandela's release. But :

not before it makes an unequiv-
ocal commitment that it stands
for a peaceful solution.”

CLIVE WEIL, MD of Checkers:
“We should talk to everyone on

the Right, Left and Centre, .

though I am not sure that emo-
tional public appeals to the

84

* "ANC - under

‘ tiations

Government to release Mande-
la and unban the ANC will
have the desired effect. .

“I support the use of a quiet
diplomacy to get people togeth-
er, but if at the end of explor-
atory talks it was held that real
progress could only be
achieved by unbanning black
leaders, 1 would support those
moves. -

“However, I do not agree
that SA should not talk to the
other circum-

stances.”

SOL KERZNER, MD of Kersaf
Investments: “I support nego-
with all _ political
groups against the background
of a favourable political cli-
mate. .

“Government policy is that
the ANC should denounce vio-
lence. Either it does so in re-
sponse to that request, or after
a commitment by SA itself to
eradicate all forms of apart-

; heid. That we would be the only

time we could talk to the ANC
and release Mandela.

“You cannot have violence
and anarchy as a basis for ne-
gotiation.

“It would be difficult for the
ANC to suspend violence prior
to an undertaking by SA to
scrap apartheid. ‘

“But if this happened, and
Mandela was released and the
ANC unbanned, then SA, having
eradicating its racial laws,

‘condemned by the ANC as

being: unjust, could justifiably
hit back against possible in-
creased terrorism on the basis
that it is no longer defended
the immoral apartheid system.

“Terrorism in SA would then
be condemned by the world at
large, and the ANC, which
could not claim to justify on-
going violence on the basis that
it was directed against an un-
just system, would be the loser,
and not SA.

“It is the sequence of events
setting up talks with the ANC
and the release of Mandela
that is important.

“If apartheid was scrapped,
and the ANC rejected violence.
it would be in everyone's inter-
ests to release Mandela, and in-
clude the ANC with all groups
in talks to devise a new consti-
tution.”



JPRS*SSA~86+083
5 August 1986

NIGER

RESTRUCTURING OF INDUSTRIAL SECTOR URGED
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 10 Jun 86 pp 1, 3
[Editorial: "Restructuring Our Industries"]

[Text] Two realities dominate our economic life and even the totality of our
national activities. The first of these realities is the predominance of the
rural sector; the second is our unremitting search for food self-sufficiency.
Therefore, our economic activities should favor the development of agriculture
and should be placed at the service of the rural sector. An analysis of our
country's 25 years of industrialization brings out the fact that in spite of
our reaffirmed determination, our industry has not attained these objectives.
The draft Constitution, which takes these factors into consideration,
establishes as premises that industry should have its sights set on the
structural transformation of the rural sector. To do this, before creating
agricultural activities we must establish the industries which will supply
the required production materials to the agricultural and livestock-raising
sectors; and after that we must create the industries which will utilize
rural production, particularly to meet the needs of domestic consumption.

On the one hand, these industries should employ our abundant manpower and, on
the other hand, should make use of the raw materials originating out of
agricultural and animal production. In this way we will reverse the tendency
of light industry to be parasitic on the rural sector and, therefore, from
now on we will place it in the service of food self-sufficiency and the
development of the rural sector. Thus the trend toward the creation of
luxury goods which gives rise to an artificial standard of living will be
restricted. We will-also put an end to the natural propensity to create
products that are more expensive than those we import.

What is more, the setting up of a basic industry is considered necessary
because no country can develop harmoniously if the existence and effectiveness
of its production apparatus is systematically dependent upon foreign countries.
Therefore, we must put in place an industrial structure; in this regard, the
richness of our soil is a major advantage. That will induce us to attempt

to master the most advanced technologies by developing our scientific

research and speeding up the training of our top-level cadres.

In this action to renovate our industrial fabric, we will also seek the gradual
adaptation of our craft industries to the needs of the economy. In this

39



TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF MINING INDUSTRY REVIEWED

Gold Mining

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Jun 86 p 7

[Text]

LASERS have become. increasingly
important to the gold mining industry
over the last 15 years. Says laser.sup-
plier Afgen: “With mining lasers we
have been able to develop new power
sources, fan lenses and other accesso-
ries to the point where almost every
gold mine has at least one laser below
the surface.”

In the harsh underground condi-
tions in gold mines, these delicate in-
struments have to be specially pro-
tected. The inner workings are purged
with dry nitrogen to prevent conden-
sation taking place when the instru-
ment is moved from a cold to a hot
area.

Several mines are now using lasers
to install services such as very
straight ventilation. The straighter
the ventilation pipes, the more effi-
cient they become as bends and kinks
tend to reduce air flow. There is also
the aesthetic value of straight hau-
lages with neat, straight services such
as pipes, tracks, conveyor belts and
electric cables to consider.

One of the laser’s important uses is
in development ends and sub-vertical
shafts. The laser provides a continu-,
ous beam of light both online and on
grade, allowing for a considerable re-
duction in mine surveyors’ time.

Hydropower

pane Petrie eet
SA GOLD mines are on the verge of

harnessing a new source of under-

ground power which has large cost

saving potential. The Chamber of

Mines Research Organisation is-
working together with Gold Fields in_
the practical application of this new

technology.

An experimental installation to.
power many gold mine operations,
with high pressure water is underway
at Kloof, .

An existing trial, high pressure wa-
ter network is to be extended to equip
anew Jongwall face with machinery
specifically designed to use high res-
sure water power. If successful, the
mine may be able to operate almost
half its underground mining oper-
ations with water power early in the
next decade,

Hydropower utilises the effects of

‘avity to produce a source of power.

ine service water, chilled on sur-
face to reduce temperatures under-
ground, is taken underground via a
strongwater pipe. Such a pipe can be
a few thousand metres deep and this
circumstance produces a very hij
hydrostatic head at shaft bottom. Wa-
ter, released from the pipe at that
depth, is released at a very high pres-
sure and can be used to drive machin-

“he system rests on the premise
that deep level mining requires large
quantities of water for cooling pur-
poses. If it works, the new source of
energy could replace the electricity
and compressed air required in stop-
ing and velopment.

Joof aleady has a high pressure
column to use the potential energy of
a 25km deep column of water to drive
a turbine Sarak set. The mine also
9 ressure water stope
cleaning guns, , top

Boring for more
———
IT IS said that Africa is always pro-

109

JPRS*SSA-86+083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ducing novelties. And the SA gold
mining industry is working hard to
keep that reputation intact. Gold
mines have become innovators in
fields as diverse as mass feeding of
workers and backfilling waste under-
ground in order to stabilise mined-out
areas,

In keeping with these efforts are
the improvements in shaft sinking
methods, Borers such as Transbor
and Robbins are now able to drill a
6m diameter hole. As recently as 10
years ago a 25m diameter raise-

red hole was the norm.

Only through advanced technology
could the mines combat fire risks and
actual fires in the vast network of
underground workings, or improve

; mine rescue procedures and intro-
duce the self-rescuer, an item of life-
saving equipment which will soon

| have to be worn by the 400 000 men

| who labour underground daily.

; , At the recent Association of Mine
Managers AGM, Bob Hartslief,
‘Doornfontein manager, said from a
technical point of view the industry
has never stood on the threshold of
more exciting developments than it

‘does at the moment.

This is also true as far as the sur-
face complex of the gold mining in-
dustry is concerned. The last few
years have seen major advances in

processing of old mine dumps for
their gold, uranium and sulphur con-

Gold plants have introduced new
extraction processes such as the CIP
— the carbon in pulp process. Its
advantage is that it does not require
the expensive pulp filtration and
treatment steps required by normal
Gold recovery processes,



JPRS-SSA-86-083

5 AUGUST 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
ConTENTS

ANGOLA

Overview of Recent Economic Developments
(AFRICA HOJE, No 12, May 86)....ceeececscccccccecevecnee

New Coffee-Marketing Enterprise Begins Operation
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 29 Apr 86)....sceececnceccccccrvecece

~ BURUNDI
Briefs
Medical Protocol With PRC
Franc Devalued Against IMF SDR
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Briefs
Military Cooperation With France

CHAD

Cotton Production Crisis Analyzed, 'Strong Measures’ Needed
(AFP, 13 Jul 86) ...cce cece cc ecerccssensscesecccercons eee

GHANA

Briefs
Aliens Control Timber Sector

GUINEA-BISSAU

Consul Defends Vieira's Integrity
(Valentim Loureiro Interview; EXPRESSO, 7 Jun 86).......

10

11

13

14



JPRS*SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SAYS ANC HAS NO CHANCE OF SEIZING POWER
MB140839 Johannesburg International. Service in English 0630 GMT 14 Jul 86
[Station commentary: "The ANC"]

[Text] Clear evidence of police successes in combating terrorism and the role
being played by the public in this regard is a great encouragement to the vast
majority of moderate and peace-loving South Africans.

With the arrest of 5 ANC terrorists in the past few days the total number of
ANC operatives killed or captured since the start of the state of emergency a
month ago has been brought to 21.

A paper published by the Institute for Strategic Studies at the University of
Pretoria said that the efficiency of the police in combatting terrorism in
South Africa had more than trebled since September 1984 when the unrest started.
It pointed out that until a few months ago the ANC's prime targets were black
town councillors, the police, and people associated with the state. Now the
ANC has been forced to concentrate on less risky targets, hence the recent

bomb attacks against civilians and landmine attacks on farmers.

The commissioner of police, General Johan Coetzee, has emphasized that police
successes in combating terrorism could not have been achieved without the
assistance received from the public especially black people. This demonstrates
a new determination on the part of the Security Forces and the public to combat
the source of terrorism. Above all, it shows that the ANC constitutes no real
threat to the country and that it has no chance of succeeding in its goal of
seizing power in South Africa.

While it continues with its acts of terror it also has no chance of seeing its
leaders involved in negotiating a new political dispensation in South Africa.

/12232
cso: 3400/274

102



NEW WAGES, INCREASED GAZETTED

Figures Given

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jun 86 p 1

[Text]

REGULATIONS governing the
new minimum wages and increase
for other staff were gazetted yes-
terday ang tke effect from ‘Tues-
day next week.

The basic minimum wage is
$158,13 a month although work-
ers in welfare institutions have a
minimum of $95, agro-industrial
workers have a iminimum of
¥143,75 and those in rural com-
merelal undertakings have a mini-
mum of $154,53,

Musicians in urban areas must
he paid a minimum of §220 #
month ang unskilicd staff of dis-
trict councils, and of rura]l coun-
ceils in designateg areas, have a
minimum wage of $85 a month.

Domestic garden: workers must
get at least $85 % month, plus
any allowances; those working in
the house or ag cooks must get
$87 and baby-minders and minders
of the disabled must get at least
$89 o month.

Agricultura} workers not falling
into other categories must gel
$85 a month,

There are laid-dowyv allowan-
ces for agricultural and domestic
workers for accommodation, trans-
port, light and fuel if these are

Mot provided.

If none of these is provided an
employer has to pay an extra $18
a month in total.

Unless —_ equivalent increases

have already been granted this °

ZCIU Expresses Disappointment

Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Jun 86 p 1

[Text]

JPRS“SSA*86-083

5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

year a)l empjoyers must raise by
the end of next month allt staff
hired by the company as of Tucs-
day. _

"Those earning up ‘to 86 000°».
year get 10 percent more; those
earning over $6000 and up to
$12000 get 9 percent; those enrn-
ing over $12 000 and up to $18 000
get 7,5 percent; those earning
over $18000 and up to S24 009
get 6 percent; those earning over
-$24.000 and up to $3000 gct
percent; those earning over
$30 000 and up to $36000 get 3
percent; und‘ those earning over
$36 000' get nothing.

‘The Government has alrendy
announced that the public service
staff will get all these increases.

THE Zimbabwe Congress
of Trade Unions national
executive met on Satur-
day and resolved to mect
the Government to’ voice
Its “strong disappoint-
ment” on the minimal
wage increases awarded
recently, ZCTU president,
Cde Jeffrey Mutandare
said yesterdny.

Cde Mutandare said
Nig organisation * catego-
rically denied the Min-
ister. of Labour, Man-
power Planning and So-
clal Welfare, Cde Fred-
erick Shava's assertion
soon after he announced
the new. increases that

the ZCTU was party to
‘the increase agreement.

‘The %ZCTU national
executive met in Bula-
wayo on Saturday soon
after arriving from a
three-week stay in Gen-
eva where they attended

the international labour

conference,

Cde Mutandare said:
“The ZCTU ig not satis-
fied with the recent wage
Increases announced by
Government ranging from
810 and 10 percent for the
lowest paid and 3 per-
cent for the highest
paid.” 5

He said his organ-
ization was disappointed

62



NNPC OIL REVENUE PROTECTION PREDICTS DECLINE

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 23 Jun 86 p 24

[Article by Ndu Nghamadu]

[Text]

FYE Nigerian Na-

tional Petroleum
Corporation (NNPC)
bas come out with &
statistical projection
that showg that the
1986 oil revenue
budget could drop
by 30 per cent.

In the 1986 budget
(fiscal year) it was’
‘projected that out of
an estimated federally:
collected revenue of
N15.6 billion, the sum
of 48,726 billion, repre-
senting about 56 per
cent, would accrue
from the oil. sector
directly,

However, NNPC’S
recent projection shows
that the total revenue
derivable from the oil
sector, hefore the end of
the fiscal year might
stand at N5.9 billion. the
drop might not be
unconnected with the
turbulence in the oil
market that has sent.
Prices to a ten-year low.

113104
CSO: 3400/142

The Corporation's
General Manager, Econo-
mics and Corporate
Planning Division, Mr.
Micheal Olorunfemi, who
made available these
figures said that since
these expected oil
revenues would be "below
what the Nigerian
economy is used to, it only
means that government
will find herself with less
and less revenue, 4

The statistics show that
the 1986 — budget
projection was based on
crude oil production of 1.3
million barrels a day
(mbd) at a weighted
official selling price of 25
dollars a barrel. It gave
the domestic consumption
as 275,000 barrels a day
Teaving 1.025 mbd_ for
export.

However, the current
projection gives the pro-
duction level at 1.30 mbd
and domestic consump-
“tion at 250,000 barrels a
day, leaving 1.050 mbd
‘for export. This shows a
2.4 per cent increase over
vthe earlier budget
Projection announed in
January, 1986.

48

JPRS«SSA+86+083

5 August 1986

NIGERIA

5 At present, the major
sources of the country's
oil revenue which form
k of government's
foreign and total revenue
budget estimate are:
Petroleum profit tax
being paid by all the oil
producing companies and
the Nigerian National
Petroleum Corporation,

Other major source
include: royalties, NNEC
earnings from direct sales,
rent and oil pipeline fees,

Revenue from the oil
sector was favourable in
both 1984 and 1985 fiscal
years and contrasts
sharply with the
performance of the sector
in the immediately
P years when the
glut in ‘the oil market
affected proceeds,

In 1984, a total sum of
48.482 billion was realised
from the oil sector as
against a budgeted

amount of 87.797 billion,

By the beginning of the
last quarter of 1985, it
was clear that proceeds
from oil sales in that fiscal

“year would surpass the

estimates,



JPRS«SSA~86~083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON ZAMBIA'S, ZIMBABWE'S CALL FOR SANCTIONS
MB110607 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 11 Jul 86
[Untitled SABC Commentary]

[Text] Some leaders in Southern Africa seem to have childlike faith in their
ability to escape the consequences of their own actions, as they pursue their
camp gn for sanctions against South Africa.

From all accounts Sir Geoffrey Howe is having an uphill struggle in his present
mission to protect the two chief culprits from themselves. His commonsense
attitude finds no favour in government circles in Zambia and Zimbabwe.

As the possibility of sanctions grows more real, so governments in Southern
Africa have been stating their attitudes more clearly. This week Malawi and
Lesotho came out against sanctions.

Swaziland has always been firmly opposed to any such action. Botswana and
Mozambique are more equivocal but tend also to be opposed. On the other hand
Zambia and Zimbabwe have chosen to raise their demands for sanctions to a new
level of stridency--President Kaunda at his meeting with the British foreign
secretary, and Mr Mugabe's foreign minister with his insulting behavior to
former President Jimmy Carter.

Presumably it is possiblé that these leaders are quietly hoping that they fail
to achieve their demands. That way they may maintain their hardline pose while
continuing to enjoy the benefits of their relationship with South Africa. If
their sincerity is accepted, however, their reasoning is obscure.

No doubt it it true, as one commentator reported this week, that neither has
yet made a proper examination of how wide ranging sanctions would affect his
country.

Nevertheless, in view of the extent of their economic dependence on South
Africa, they must know that the cost would be high. It has been suggested
that they are depending on Western governments, the very governments they
are now alienating with their behavior, to pay the cost for them.

According to the most favourable study so far published it would amount to
about R4,000 million. some countries in the West have already indicated that
they have no intention of providing even a small part of that sum: others have
studiously avoided the subject.

97



In referring to the Kingdom of Norway's assistance to the Merchant Marine,
Marcelino dos Santos termed it exemplary, saying: "This type of cooperation
should exist between all countries of the world, to do away with underdevelop-
ment and unequal distribution of wealth on our planet." He added that: "Co-
operation with the Kingdom of Norway is particularly appreciated because it
began during difficult times in the struggle of the Mozambican people."

During the ceremony inaugurating the school on 3 June of last year, President
Samora Machel spoke of the support from various governments and states and
international organizations cooperating with our country, saying that "soli-
darity in Mozambique is a word with real meaning."

Addressing the students in the school, Marcelino dos Santos said that they had
to graduate from the school able to perform well the duties of the profession,
thereby honoring the Mozambican people, since “our sailors are known for their
courtesy, friendliness and pride in being Mozambican both within and outside
the country."

He added: "You are ambassadors of the People's Republic of Mozambique to all
the countries you visit, and therefore you must cultivate the friendship and
solidarity which characterize sailors throughout the world."

During the ceremony, Marcelino dos Santos stressed that the Mozambican Naval
School must train competent and efficient officers and highly qualified pro-
fessionals to head this vital branch of our national economy. He recalled
the major responsibility our country has in relation to landlocked countries,
whose goods are marketed through Mozambican ports. This led the SADCC to set
up the headquarters of the Transport Subcommittee of that regional organiza
tion for southern Africa in our country.

During the ceremony marking the end of the first year of the school, the direc-
tor of this institute for the professional training of merchant seamen in our
country, Paulo Monteiro, presented a progress report on the work accomplished
since its inception, rating it positive. .

Further presentations included a message from the students of the school ex-
pressing their appreciation to the Party and country's leaders for taking a
great interest in their education and their determination to apply the scien~
tific knowledge they acquired to further the country's Merchant Marine. The
workers of the Merchant Marine also presented a message welcoming the new
students who will swell the ranks of the sector, because seafaring was never
within the reach of the Mozambican people before.

Before the solemn ceremony marking the anniversary of the Naval School, vari=
ous cultural activities were presented by the Makwayela group of the TPU, the
cultural group of workers, and students from the school itself, warmly ap-
plauded by those attending, who completely filled the pavilion where the cere~
mony was held.

9805
CSO: 3442/244

22



Cancan--once a driver for Ramalho Eanes before independence and who became,
after 1975, counselor for then President Luis Cabral--distinguished himself
last July by publicizing and divulging a message from the Guinean president
that denied and violently attacked the Portuguese press that had released the
news of the alleged preparation for a coup d'etat, led by Paulo Correia.
Months later it was under this accusation that Nino Vieira's old friend was
arrested.

Now, President Joao Bernardo "Nino" Vieira again claims that the Portuguese
press has unleased a "campaign of lies" against Guinea-Bissau. And in an
attempt to deny the arbitrary actions, Nino Vieira affirms that no Western
country would allow journalists to visit political prisoners, alluding to the
films that an RTP team was authorized to make on the basketball court of the
Bissau prison. In effect, a team led by Joaquim Furtado, in the recent prison
game, was able to count among its members three political prisoners chosen by
the Ministery of the Interior to face the cameras. Even so, the prisoners
were prohibited from making any statements to the journalists.

13026
CSO: 3442/230

18



pRS*SSA~867083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

VISTA UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES NOT CLOSED
MB141249 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1022 GMT 14 Jul 86

[Text] Pretoria, 14 July, SAPA--Three of Vista University's campuses--Soweto,
Bloemfontein and Port Elizabeth--had not been closed for the rest of the year
although the "great majority" of students had "eliminated" themselves from
further study for 1986 because they boycotted semester tests, the university's
rector, Professor C.F. Crouse, said today.

He was reacting to a newspaper report today that "thousands" of students who
were enrolled at the three campuses would remain idle for the rest of the year
following the closures’last week.

"The campuses are not closed... There are still small numbers of students at
each who will continue their studies for the year, although the great majority
have eliminated themselves," Prof Crouse said.

In total, about 1800 students were involved, white about 40 to 50 were continu-
ing their students at each of the three campuses.

In a statement last week, Prof Crouse said students of the three campuses had
boycotted the June semester tests, although activities were normal at the
remaining three campuses.

The university council had decided unanimously on 5 July "that the rules regard-
ing continuation to the second semester be upheld.

"This rule stipulates that a student should have attained a semester mark of
at least 40 percent in a course to continue his studies during the second semes—
ter in that specific course.

"Students who boycotted semester tests have accordingly eliminated themselves
from further studies in 1986 in those course," he said.

The council noted "with concern" that many deserving students were "deliberately
deceived" into boycotting the tests, and the senate had been requested to con-
sider means of accommodating these students during 1987.

The senate would take a decision on this matter in August, and students con-—
cerned would be informed afterwards.

/12232

CSO: 3400/274 101



The governor of Sofala plans to visit the green zones, the Savene House of

Agriculture and the railroad-port complex, as well as other centers of
importance in the city of Beira,

5157
C€S0:3442/247

30



“the life of a section or sections for

which trackless mining is contem-
plated. Obviously, an adequate return

JPRS«SSA~86~083
5 August 1986

is required on capital employed. Sec-
tion life and grade are inter-related
and a short-lived, high grade section

may give a better ref

turn than a long-

lived low grade section.

Deeper, Safer Mining

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Jun 86 p 7

{Article by Arnold Van Huysteen]

[Text]

19274

csO: 3400/253

THE Research Organisation of the SA
Chamber of Mines (ROCM), the largest
free enterprise research operation inthe
southern misphere, will this year op-
erate on an industry-funded budget of
R50m, which is R10m up on 1985.

The ROCM’s 700 staff members devise
improved mining methods for safer,
more cost-effective extraction of miner-
als for its sponsors, the gold and coal
mining sectors. In contrast, Mintek is
still largely funded by the state and

focuses on minerals processing and bene- _

ficiation for the whole mining sector.

“Jn 1986 we will spend Ri8m on the
mechanisation of stoping operations in
gold mines. This involves the further
development and utilisation of hydrauli-
cally-powered rock drills, which drill
twice as fast as the traditional pneumat-
ic drills,” says ROCM director-general
Horst Wagner.

Although slightly more expensive to
operate, the faster drilling operation
will increase daily stope out pur enable
the mining of more lower-grade gold ore
and thus prolong the life of some mines,
says Wagner. But, he adds, it could take
“years” before the new method is gener-
ally applied.

This year, a further R5m will be spent
on ROCM’s support and rock-burst re-
search projects. These involve the devel-
opment and introduction of improved
support methods — to lessen the risk and
danger of deep mining pressure bursts.
Rapid-yielding hydraulic props were de-
veloped in the Seventies and - about
250 000 of these sophisticated, reusable
steel props are in use, says Wagner.

“Injuries from rockfalls have been re-

duced by 40% over the past 10 years,
While fatalities also dropped by 10%,” he
adds.

Another ongoing project concerns the
back-filling of worked-out stope faces
with waste rock or slimes s pumped down
from the surface through drill holes or in
shaft Pipelines. Not only is this process
safer, it is also more profitable.

Valuable ore, previously locked up in
support pillars, is made available for

ning.

Apart from providing better regional
support, this method increases extract-
able ore by 5% to 10% and can increase
the reef-hoisting capacity of shafts by
30% to 40% (as waste rock is left below).
This also enables the mining of deeper
ore reserves.

“With the improved support base, the
deepest mines could go even deeper, sa)
from 3,5km to 4km. And with some gold-
bearing reefs already proved to a depth
of 5km, this will further prolong the

rofitable life of some mines,” says
fagner.

Another research field where practi-
cal use of ROCM technology is already
yielding application benefits, is under-

round cooling. The objective is to re-

luce the temperature in deep mines to a
level where People can work without the
necessity of heat acclimatisation, says

agner.

iew technology developed involves.

the more costeliective use of coolin;
water — instead of cooling the air — anc
two-thirds of all gold mines already use
the system.

- END -

111



ship's: attempts to delink southern Africa
from the cold war have made depressingly
little headway in Washington, |

‘Many congressmen have remained deeply !
hostile to Mozambique and don’t see why |
the United States should have friendly ties |
with any marxist government, Thus the ad+
ministration’s 1984 plans to provide
Mozambique with. ‘‘non-lethal’’ military
aid were frustrated by right-wing congress-
men.' Demented anti-communists such as
Jess Helms have tried to condition Ameri- |
can aid to Mozambique on sweeping {
changes in the country's political system, j
A series of articles -praising the MNR ;
have been appearing in magazines of the |
American right, including the notorious ;
Soldier of Fortune, the house magazine for’
American mercenaries and their admirers,
Soldier of Fortune ran a glossy two-part at.
ticle in the February and March editions on
the MNR, entitled ‘Winning one in Atrica!
(as opposed to ‘losing’ them in Central
America and South East Asia, | suppose).
The author, Jack Wheeler, is an enthusiast;
for gunmen of the far right all over the!
world. He was one of those’ who, with the
assistance of the South African air force,
organised last’ year's get-together of:
Angolan, Afghan, Nicaraguan and Indo- !
Chinese counter-revolutionaries in
UNITA's stronghold of Jamba in the far
tern corner of Angola.
of Fortune has also organised a
mercenaries’ convention in a Las Vegas
hotel, at which an MNR delegation was pre-
sept - alongside UNITA, the Nici
contras, the Afghan mujaheddi
“guest of honour’? Ron Reid Daly, one |
time commander of the Selous Scouts dur-_;

19274
C80; 3400/254

54

ing the Smith regime's war against the peo-
ple of Zimbabwe:

Soldier of Fortune is not merely a maga-
zine; it is also a recruiting agency, and has
carfied ads both, for. those looking for -
employment as mercenaries, and those in-
terested in procuring their services. During
Zimbabwe's liberation war it frequently
carried full page ads recruiting mercenaries
for Smith’s army. No doubt the MNR is in-
terested in’ tapping this source of trained
assassins, © *

The sinister Heritage Foundation, a
} powerful force on the American far right, is
also throwing its weight behind the MNK.
This could well influence government

policy, since several iop Reagan officials
\ have been drawn from the ranks of the
Heritage Foundation. ‘There is a constant
seepage from the-far'right into the adminis-
tration, This is one of the reasons why what
may appear only hare-brained schemes of
ultra-right fanatics today, can become of-
ficial US policy tomorrow.
* Rumours are now circulating that a trip
to the US is being prepared for the MNR
‘supreme commander’’, Afonso Dhla-
; kama. Perhaps at this very moment the un-
named American citizen’ representing the
MNR in Washington is trying to fix upa
programme for Dhlakama. -

Can the: remaining fiberals and
'pragmatists in the State Department hold
‘the line on Mozambique? If they cannot,
{and are swept aside by the ideologies of the
| right, then before too long we may be treat-
ied to the demeaning spectacle of the Presi-
{dent of the; United States shaking hands
‘with another “freedom fighter" who is no
more than a hired agent of the South
African regime, o



19274

cso:

Nectorspruit in the
Eastern Transvaal —
where there have been
numerous landmine ex-
plosions — is faced with
the prospect of leaving
his land after having
been supplied with the
wrong seeds by a Nel-
spruit co-operative
company.

Neither the co-op, its
insurance company nor
the company which
packed the sceds is pre-
pared to accept respon-
sibility for the mix-up
although both the co-op
and the seed company
have admitted such a
mix-up had taken place.

The farmer, Mr
Obery da Silva, who
fled Mozambique in the

ahead of a Fremlimo
attack on his farm, says
the seed mix-up has
cost him some R28 000
in lost revenue: “Unless
we get some sort of
compensation we can-
not carry on farming.”

The Lowveld Tobac-
co Co-op supplied Mr
Da Silva with tomato
seeds for planting in
early March. But the
seeds he received were
not the same as indicat-
ed on the labels, it is
claimed, and died short-
ly after germination.

“The seeds they gave
us were for a jam toma
to which cannot grow in
our soil here,” Mr Da

* Silva said. He reported

mid-19708 Only -héurs' . «the matter ty the co-op

3400/257

which, Mr Da Silva
said, admitted there
had been a mix-up and
said the possibility of
paying compensation
would be investigated.

“We even haggled
about the figure and
eventually agreed to
lower our claim to
R22 000.”

The irate farmer then
contacted the seed com-
pany — Starke-Ayres —
which sent a represen-
tative from Pretoria to
investigate. “They con-
firmed there had been a

* mix-up, but said they
had repacked the seeds
for the co-op and that it
was part of the agree-
ment with the co-op
that Starke-Ayres

would ‘not be responsi= j

108

ble for any problems
encountered with ger-
mination,” Mr Da Silva
said.

‘A spokesman for the
Lowveld Tobacco Co-Op
in Nelspruit said he
could not offer any
comment as Mr Da
Silva had threatened to
sue and the matter was
thus sub judice. Mr Da
Silva has denied this,
saying that he has no
money to take legal ac-
tion and that the co-op
was “well aware of this
fact”.

The spokesman said
he was not in a position
to comment on that. He
added that the seeds
had been packed for the
co-op by a seed com-

+ pany and that the mix-

up was thus not the co-
op’s responsibility.

Mr Ian Challis, the
managing director of
Starke-Ayres, said that
there was “no way” his
company was responsi-
ble for the mix-up — if
this had in fact oc-
curred. “The co-op in
Nelspruit had a supply
of seeds from another
company which went
bankrupt and we were
approached to repack
these seeds for them.

“It was part of the
agreement we had with
the co-op that we were

. Not responsible for any-

thing which went wrong
as far as the germina-
tion aspect was con-
cerned,” Mr Challis
added. * ~



THREE MENTIONED AS POSSIBLE TUTU SUCCESSORS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 6

[Article by Estelle Trengove]

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/259

With less than a month before the election of a new Anglican Bishop
of Johannesburg, three names have been mentioned in church cir-
cles as possible successors to Bishop Desmond Tutu.

An elective assembly will meet on August 4 at St Barnabas
School in Bosmont to choose a new bishop. Bishop Tutu is due to
take office as the Archbishop of Cape Town in September.

The present Bishop Suffragan of Johannesburg East, Bishop Si-
mon Nkoane, has been named as a possible successor to Bishop

‘utu,

Bishop Nkoane, like Bishop Tutu, was the Dean of Johannesburg’s
St Mary’s Cathedral some years ago.

Since the middle of last year, Bishop Nkoane has often been in the
news for the role he played as a peacemaker in his trouble-torn
area on the East Rand. He was hailed as a hero in the kwaThema
township. In June last year, his house was petrol-bombed and he
was threatened with death, but he resolved to stay on in kwaThema,
as he believed God was calling him to serve the township’s people. .

Bishop David Russell has also been named as a contender. Ear-
lier this year he was elected Bishop Suffragan of St John’s, which
includes Umtata and its surrounding area.

Prior to that, Bishop Russell was the senior clergyman on the
staff of St George’s Cathedral in Cape Town, with the title of chap-
Jain to migrant workers. In this capacity, he was deeply involved in
helping under-privileged people in the troubled shanty towns.

The third person in the running is the Rev Winston Ndun-
gane (44), currently principal of St Bede’s Theological College in
Umtata.

Mr Ndungane is an executive member of the Anglican Consulta-
tive Council, which serves as a forum for consultation within the
worldwide Anglican communion.

72

JPRS«SSA~86~083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



Time To Surmount Problems

The Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of Commerce is an assocition whose goal is to
improve economic relations between the People's Republic of Mozambique and
Portugal, and was officially incorporated in the Portuguese capital in 1984,

"It originated from the concern of a group of 12 companies which now are
part of the.CCPM board of directors. that it was now time to surmount the
barriers that exist in relations between the two countries," the CCPM
president explained.

According to Dr Paulo Sande, the majority of the big Portuguese companies are
represented in the association, private ones still outnumbering public ones.
Among them are the bank, insurance companies, shipyards, the media, and

other public, private, and service enterprises. According to our interviewee,
the Chamber started with 40 or 50 companies and continues to grow, its present
total membership being about 200, including Mozambican companies.

From the Chamber's point of view, the Mozambican component is essential. It
was clearly stated from the beginning in all areas and in the spirit of the
executive committee that the work of the Mozambican companies is fundamental.
According to our source, more than. 20 Mozambican companies have already joined
CCPM and are awaiting formal processing. It is to be noted that the vice-
presidency is presently held by the Mozambican company SOCIMO in Lisbon,

It took nearly 2 years from its creation for CCPM to make its action felt in
economic relations between the two countries. Nevertheless, according to the
president of the board of directors, that was the time when essentially
organizing steps were taken, such as, for example, securing the support of
the Portuguese government and the membership of Mozambican companies with
decision power. '

"We have by now created the means so that our actions can find an echo, so
that we can be heard in political situations in Portugal," Dr. Sande stated,
and added that CCPM can already provide answers to questions regarding
Mozambique, such as, for example, relations with public agencies and offices
in Mozambique, as well as legal, commercial, and other aspects,

One of the things that CCPM has accomplished is the first businessmen's
meeting last November, set up to make an exhaustive survey of our relations
and the perspective for economic development between the People's Republic
of Mozambique and Portugal. According toDr. Paulo Sande, the conclusions
from the meeting were delivered to the president, to the Portuguese prime
minister, and to other members of the Portuguese government; to the Institute
of Foreign grade, to the embassy of the People's Republic of Mozambique in
Lisbon and, recently, to authorities in Mozambique. Following initiatives
publicly announced after a recent visit-to our country, the second
"Businessmen's Meeting" is planned for 1t and 16 July in Maputo. There will
be two main themes: implications for relations between the People's Republic
of Mozambique and Portugal resulting from the Lome III Convention and the
Common Market, respectively; other forms of direct foreign investment in the

24



19274
cso;

3400/260

haviour or expérience in prison of any prisoner or former prisoner
or concerning the administration of any prison without taking rea-
sonable steps to verify such information.

There are controls on the purchase and publication of prisoners’
writings, statements, life stories or biographical sketches relating
to the offences which caused them to be imprisoned.

@Contempt of court, defeating or obstructing the course of jus-
tice: Mr Kelsey Stuart, in his book “The Newspaperman’s Guide to
the Law”, defined contempt of court as any wilful or grossly negli-
gent commission or omission calculated to bring into contempt or
disrepute the administration of justice, by or in the courts, whether
by insulting the officials charged therewith or by rendering it inef-
fective. :

Professor Olivier says in his paper that publications prejudicial
to fair trials could amount to contempt of court.

Newspapers are further affected by matters sub judice. .

There are also laws which affect contempt of Parliament, con-
tempt of commissions, contempt of the Publications Appeal Board
as well as restrictions on the right to attend court and on the right
to publish proceedings, he says. {

@ Restrictions under the Defence Act include restricting the right
of access to certain places; censorship during operations in defence
of the Republic or for the prevention or suppression of terrorism or
internal disorder; restrictions on the publication of information on
the composition, movements or disposition of SADF forces, and a
prohibition on sketching or photographing military installations.

@ The Internal Security Act gives the Minister of Law and Order
sweeping powers to detain and ban people, and to close down
organisations and publications. ‘ .

The publication of certain people’s speeches and utterances may
be restricted. 1

Any person who advises, encourages, incites, commands, aids or
procures any person or uses any language calculated to cause any
person to commit an offence by way of protest against any law or
in support of any campaign against any law or for the repeal or
modification of any law, may be deemed to be guilty’ of an offence
in terms of the Internal Security Act.

The Minister may prohibit the publication of anything which
expresses the view or conveys information which is calculated to
endanger the security of the state or the maintenance of law and ,
order, or which propagates or promotes the spread of communism.

@ Police Act: any person who publishes any untrue matter in
relation to any action by the Force or member of the Force in
relation to the performance of his functions as such a member
without having reasonable grounds for believing such a statement.
is true shall be guilty of an offence.

90



Now, Quibala is in ruins due to the war. Its infrastructure is destroyed.
The wounds from the latest attacks are still visible. The bridge over the
Catofe river has been destroyed. Quibala is isolated from the south.

There is a good regional hospital, with a good capacity for providing
treatment. No doctor.

Quibala, a good and hospitable people suffering from the war. A land that
urgently needs peace.

New Airport in Mbanza Congo

Mbanza Congo, the erstwhile prosperous capital of Reino do Congo, named by
S, Salvador at the time of the Portuguese, no longer shines as in the old
days. Its population talks about serius problems and shortages, aggravated
by its isolation from the country's capital.

\
A Luso-Angolan company, Paviterra, though, is about to make a contribution
that will allow the capital of Zaire province to emerge somewhat from its
lethargy. How? By building a new airport with a runway that is 1,850 meters
long and 60 meters wide, which will permit the landing of large aircraft, and
not just the tiny Fokkers. Before long, airplanes will no longer cause dust
to fly, and people and animals will no longer traverse the runway, which will
be fenced off. Also, the runway will be lighted, allowing for nightime
activities. With an investment of 140 million Kz. ($ 1=30 Kwanzas), and
employing 97 Angolan workers and 8 cooperants, Paviterra has nevertheless
encountered some problems, such as low productivity and lack of fuel, which
have caused a temporary paralysis of the project.

End to Foreign Technical Assistants urged
[Reprinted from. JORNAL DE ANGOLA; no date given]

"Foreign technical: assistance has cost our country a great deal of money. In
1984 alone, the costs of foreign technicians was $180 million, to which must
be added the costs of buying equipment and machinery which, in many cases,

has required foreign technicians to operate them. On the other hand, if
training efforts for national personnel have been made, their results in
terms of reducing our dependence upon cooperants from abroad have not yet been
the best, at least in many sectors.

Under the current circumstances of reduced budgets resulting from the crisis
in oil prices, it is urgent that we review the contracting of foreign
technicians. To determine if these technicians are really necessary, if they
provide the qualities needed, and hold accountable those who offer contracts
before they have even created the minimum conditions necessary for work to
be carried out."

12857/12951
CSO: 3442/245



JPRS«SSA+86 4083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSVAAL'S NEW BLACK MEC'S MAY GET GROUP AREAS EXEMPTIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 86 p 11

[Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text ]

However, any application they
made for exemption from the Group
Areas Act would be considered and
would not be refused out of hand.

The sources pointed out that par-
liamentarians chose to live in their
own group areas, “to be near their
own people”.

Dr Hoods is believed to be staying

on in his own house in Eersterus,
Pretoria. Mr Mayet said he had not
madé a final decision, but would
probably move to Pretoria at some
stage. Mr Mavuso refused to discuss
where he would live.
@ The new executive committee,
which is headed by Administrator
Mr Willem Cruywagen and also in-
cludes MECs from the old system —
Mr Fanie Schocman, Mr John Grif--
fiths and Mr Danie Kirstein — is ex- |
pected to get down to work in earn- |
est at the beginning of August.

At present the list of “general af-
fairs” it will handle stands at 27, in-
cluding health services (originally
planned as an “own affair”), general
aspects of local government, region-
al service councils, works, roads,
housing, road traffic, law enforce-
ment, shop hours, dog licenses, mu-
seums, libraries and horse racing. :

Mr Cruywagen has indicated that
MECs will not be allocated portfo-
lios at this stage. However, sources
have said portfolios will be dealt out
once the new MECs gain more ex-
perience.

73

The new black MECs will still be
confined to living in their own group
areas.

Although they can apply to live in

“areas reserved for other race

groups, provincial sources have indi-
cated that it is considered “prefera-
ble” for Indian, coloured and black
MECs to remain “among their own
people”.

In future the executive commit-
tees will be empowered to grant
Group Areas Act exemptions.

But early indications are that the
Transvaal’s three new MECs, Dr

’ Willie Hoods, of Eersterus, Mr Is-

mail Mayet, of Ophirton, and Mr

» John Mavuso, of Soweto, will con-

tinue’ to live in their own group
areas, although they. will probably
move to Pretoria. ,

They will probably elect either to
continue to live in their own homes
or to rent or buy houses with the
provincial subsidies provided to
them. ‘

Provincial sources have confirmed
that the Group Areas Act still ap-
plies to the trio. .

Although they can apply to live in
a white group area, it is preferable
that they “remain close to their own
people in order to keep in touch”,
sources said.



JPRSag
SA~86.
August 19808 3

SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO RESIDENTS REPORT DEATHS IN RENT CLASHES
MB161306 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1305 GMT 16 Jul 86

[Text] Johannesburg, July 16, SAPA--Soweto residents reported people dying
in Soweto today in clashes between Soweto City Council guards, residents and
"comrades." But the Bureau for Information said police had received no
reports of deaths. The trouble was apparently provoked by the rent issue, a
resident said.

Many residents refused to pay rents following a call by the Soweto Civic
Association, which demanded that councillors resign. Residents also say
they face attacks by militant youths if they pay. The council has suggested
that they pay through the post, but this has also been seen as unsafe as
there could be "leaks" by council employees. Yesterday, the council ex-
tended a deadline for evictions over the rent boycott by seven days.

Unconfirmed first reports said the clashes broke out early today after an
unknown number of residents in Naledi Extention 2 were "evicted" from their
homes. The Bureau for Information said in a response to a SAPA inquiry
about the report:

"According to the SA Police, Soweto municipal police today visited residents
who are in arrears with their rents and warned them that they risked eviction
if they failed to pay their rent.

"No evictions were mdde, however, and the SADF were not involved.

"No reports of any deaths have been received by the police in this regard."

/6662
CSO: 3400/275

79


JPRS*SSA*86+083
5 August 1986

ANGOLA

OVERVIEW OF RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS

Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese No 12,May 86 pp 27-37
[Excerpts]

Country's Budget Viewed

In 1986 a large proportion of the government's income will be spent on
stateowned companies because of the progressive diminution in their business
which, together with the loss of $600 million due to the drop in oil prices
(an estimate based upon a price of $18 a barrel, which has already fallen
further) will create for Angola a deficit of 10 million Kwanzas.

These data are contained in the official government budget for 1986, recently
analyzed by the People's Assembly presided over by Jose Eduardo dos Santos.
Defining the 1986/1990 period as one in which the economic stabilization of
the country will be pursued, the Second Congress of the MPLA will undoubtedly
have great difficulty in seeing this goal achieved even minimally. One reason
is the already often-mentioned drop in oil prices which will have a profound
effect upon the foreign exchange of the Angolan treasury. In addition,
another of the country's exports, diamonds, have also suffered a drop in price,
from $91.07 per carat to $43.98. Against this. dark picture the Angolan
authorities have introduced new legislation governing cooperant workers and
foreign residents, aimed at "rationalizing the utilization of foreign labor,
and planning for its progressive diminution as a function of the training of
national personnel and of the real needs of the labor force and the service
industry."

The goal is to contain, in the short term, the enormous costs of foreign
exchange.

The budget, with an overall value of 102.3 billion Kwanzas, represents an
absolute increase over last year's of 13.4 billion Kz (14 percent). The
budget foresaw a reduction of 2 percent in the defense budget as compared
with 1985, but the provision of aid in the form of sophisticated armament

from North America to the UNITA rebels will make a revision in the defense
allocation necessary.



not help the unproductive majority of farmers. In-
stead the larger and more productive farmers
are encouraged to produce more, thus aggravating
the problems of overproduction.

Political instability, unrest and the landmines
which have exploded in border areas are an ad-
ditional strain. One Northern Transvaal farmer
said his bank had called in a R3,5-million long-term
Joan after the news of the landmines in his area.

The repayment of loans is the main problem.
Some farmers cannot even repay the interest on

their loans.

The old saying “’n boer maak 'n plan” is being
tested in the real world. For unless they can pull
something out of the bag now a collapse is immi-

nent.

Latest Locust Invasion

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 4

{Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text]

ADDING to the woes of farmers is
the latest locust invasion.

“All attempts at biological con-
trol of locusts have thus far been
unsuccessful. The only available
method of fighting them is by
imeans of chemical warfare...”
says a document on the locust phe-
nomenon compiled by the Depart-
ment'of Foreign Affairs.

Some of the catastrophic conse
quences of a locust invasion listed
in the-document include: disruption
of trade, disversion of labour, un-
foreseen heavy expenditure on con-
trol measures and famine in areas
‘where subsistence agriculture is
practised. .

Outbreaks of the locust plague

‘ usually occur after good rains have

* followed dry spells.

! Hatchling hoppers congregate
into dense‘marching bands and

fully ‘grown hoppers may band to->

getner to cover enormous areas.
Full adulthood is reached after
one to three months and with four
well-developed wings the airborne
insects gather to form swarms that

may vary in size from five to five

hundred square kilometres.
“Obviously, therefore,” states the
document, “the most effective

“strategy is to attack them during

the hopper stage.”

A full-grown locust weighs about
2gm and can consume its body
weight daily. ;

Entomologists estimate the av-
erage swarm’s population at about
30 million a square kilometre. If
their average weight was 1,5 gm,
the weight of a swarm could ex-
ceed 45 000 kg a square kilometre.

A relatively small swarm of me-
dium density covering only
50 square kilometres may thus de-
vour more than 2 million kilograms
of crops andrpasture every-day,

Seed Mix-up

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 4

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

A FARMER in the secu-
" rity-sensitive area of

107

IPRS«SSA=86-083
5 August 1986


In his application, Chief Maqoma also challenged the increase in deposits
for candidates for election in the Ciskei National Assembly--from R 300 to
R10,000, saying it was aimed at frustrating him in his campaign for elec-
tion. ‘

/6662
cso: 3400/275

77



JPRS-Ssa-86.983
August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STATISTICS ON WHITE WAGES--Whites still clearly dominate the top structures of
the one million-strong public service and their salaries will eat up nearly
half of the State's wage bill of more than $10,300 million this year. This is
in spite of the fact that whites make up just over one-third of all public
servants, Figures from Central Statistical Services show that white public
servants earn well above what their coloured, Indian and black counterparts
take home, According to figures for the first quarter of 1986, a total of
1,052,252 people are now employed in central government departments, the
self-governing homelands, the provincial administrations, local authorities
and various statutory bodies. In the first three months of this year they
earned a total of R2,597 million. According to the figures, 391,077 people
are now working in central government. But the average black salary was only
R513 as compared with R1,253 for whites. Indians took home an average of
R1,144 and coloureds R754. Another 127,890 people now work in the self-
governing homelands, where the average salary for blacks is R523. Provincial
administrations employ a total of 262,189 people, paying whites an average of
R1,296 and blacks R387. Indians get R1,014 and coloureds R508. At local
authority level there are 240,100 employees--140,000 of them blacks. The
average here for whites if R1,808 and for blacks R372. Then there are
another 30,996 employed by various statutory bodies, such as the CSIR, the per-
forming arts councils and state libraries. Whites employed here average R1,981
a month and blacks get R304, Public service employment figures have grown
steadily over the past few years--in spite of promises by State President Mr
P, W. Botha to run a tighter administrative ship. Government spokesmen say
more staff are needed under the new tricameral constitutional system. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 7] /9274

UCASA RESTRUCTURED--The Urban Councils Association of South Africa, UCASA, has
restructured its Executive to accommodate the new dispensation of participation
in the regional service councils. At its National Executive meeting in
Bloemfontein, USASA amended its constitution to give its nine regions repre-
sentation on the National Executive. The Executive has been enlarged to make
it a countrywide representative body. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service
in English 0500 GMT 13 Jul 86 MB] /12232

CSO: 3400/274

103



JPRS~SSA~86«083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DECRIES MEDIA PORTRAYAL OF COUNTRY
MB171027 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 17 Jul 86
[Station commentary: "The Media View of South Afirca"]

[Text] Just as visitors to South Africa are often amazed to find that the
situation in the country is not as bad as they were led to believe, so South
Africans visiting abroad are shocked at the manner in which events in their
country are portrayed.

It is little wonder that the South African minister of tourism, Mr John Wiley,
spoke of the totally one-sided projection of the South African theme when

he addressed a group of businessmen on tourism in New York this week. As

this is the way the media have been portraying events in South Africa, Mr Wiley
found it necessary to state the country was not going up in flames. What

was happening, he said, was that the authorities were stemming the tide of
communist terrorism in what he referred to as the world's [words indistinct].
It would be safe to say that it was the first time his audience had heard

that perception of what was going on in South Africa. They, like everyone
else, have been led to believe that South Africa is a country where 20 million
blacks are being oppressed by 5 million whites, and that the violence over
the past few years is as a result of this repression.

No real attempt has been made by the media to point out that the violence
is being perpetrated by black radical elements opposed to the process of
evolutionary reform which the government has instituted overithe past few
years. At the forefront of this action is the Moscow-backed ANC and its
front organizations.

Obviously the government cannot stand aside and allow this campaign of intimi-
dation to continue. Emergency powers are enforced to stamp out the violence
and unrest so that greater (?attention) can be given to the process of poli-
tical and constitutional reform favored by all moderate South Africans, white
as well as blacks.

It is high time that the international media made serious efforts to portray
the South African situation as it really is. The only ones benefitting from
the present treatment are those wishing to see South Africa delivered into the

Soviet camp.
/6662
cso: 3400/276

88



“In this regard, ‘reas
that will receive emph:
slg include the production.
of capital and intey-
mediate goods, the deve!-
opment. of 9 gclf reliant
metallurgical and chemi-
cal industry with special
emphasis on  fertilisers,'
industries and agricul-!

tural chemicals as welt

as pharmaceuticals.”
Ziona-Herald Cdrr.

Strive to Increase Exports, Industry Urged

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p 5

{Text ]

19274
cso:

THE Deputy Minister of
‘Trade and Commerce, Cde
Jhimbidzeyl Senyangare,
yestevdey urged Zimba-
bwear industriatista to
adopt a more aggressive
stance when selling their
products on the overseas
imaricet. .

Addressing industrial-
ists at the annual CZ
congress pt Victoria, Falls,
the deputy minister said
Zimpabweea businessmen
had suffered from lack of
competition,

‘The country’s first five
yerts placed heavy om-
Pdasis on biduairy ond the
m0 facturing sector,

“The development ' of
exporis ig xecognised an
having a algnificant con-
tribution, These sre ex-
pected to grow from $560
million to $830 milBor ir
ig?0, which is an average
aunual growth rate of
&2 percent,” he said.

He admitted this was
an ambitious growth rate
which would require both
anotivaition and — apsist-
ance from the Govern:
raest,

“Qirmsbabweean industry
has ‘been built on a tra-
dition of — self-reliance
where some of our manu-
facturerg see exporting an
heing ouly a second choice
to lccal markets, There
ie thus very little tradi-
tion. of aggressive over.
aces seliing. Also by in-
eticnal standard the ©

3400/255 :

majority of our manufac-
turers axe relatively un-
sophisticated, .

“Production — methods
can be inefficlent due to
tack of modern teckno-
logy, and for many, busi-
nesg hag been run in an
atmosphere of Jittle or no
competition,” said » Cde
Sanyangare.

‘The deputy qhinister also
said that Zimbabwe would
goon be able to buy zelect-
ed products from Moza-
mbique using focal cur.
rene:

Because of the con-
straints of foreign cur-
gency on ths expansion of
trade, hig ministry was
continuing to negotiate
for alternative trade ar-
Tangements with other
countries.

“Bho Zirabnbwe/Moza-

56

mbique trade plons are
‘near completion and it is
hoped that the plans. will
come Into effect before
the end of the your.

‘The president of the
C&Y, Mr John Mkushi,
appealed to the Govern-
Peas to aed prices cf

re TI “avo!
economic ghocks,

“It is the administra-
tion of the price control
mechanism which is the
cause of concern,

“Thig has’ serious ad-
verse effects on economic
bolances and makes fin-
ancial investment plan-
ning! on impossible task.
A, eystem which allow-
ed for froquent small in-
creases in ‘the face of
riaing costs would in our
opinion be » better sys-
tent.” —- Ziana,

JPRS*SSA~86+083
5 August 1986



In order to achieve Senegalese economic recovery, then, we must pass through a
phase in which it is necessary to deprive the citizens of work. Long live
capitalism! .

But there is something else to complete the arrangement. "The Labor Code must
be revised with a view to greater fl exibility in hiring, recourse to temporary
labor and the system of payment based on yield."

It is necessary, then, to make those lucky individuals who have escaped
dismissal talliable and liable to forced labor at will. Freedom to hire,
freedom to fire, at no cost to the employers-~this is what this wise word
“flexibility” means. But in addition, the employer is given the right to use
and abuse temporary labor, the right to bind the worker to his machine, to
make him sweat blood and tears for those who live off profits, and so that
foreign investors can flourish again. It is a sad gift that the government
has offered the working class on the occasion of this 1 May centennial. All
of the advantages which the struggles of the workers have won them since 1 May
1886, on the international level and on our national territory, will be
eliminated any moment now. Unless the workers class, taking up the challenge
thrown down by Abdou Diouf and his regents, organizes more massively, rallying
around its class interests, its ideology, Marxism-Leninism. Trade unionism
under the banner of "responsible participation" has failed. The approval and
implementation of the New Industrial Policy provide yet another proof of this.
This is why Madia Diop was in a difficult position with regard to Sheikh
Hamidou Kane, who, in answering his questions, publicly admitted what was
already known. The New Economic Policy being pursued in Senegal mocks the
workers class, depriving it of all of the rights won, and it will force the
whole of it into the streets if this will make the World Bank and the IMF, and
the multinational companies for which they serve as the bulldozers, happy.

5157
€80:3419/275

52



IJPRS“SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

GUINEA-BISSAU

CONSUL DEFENDS VIEIRA'S INTEGRITY

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 24
[Interview with Valentim Loureiro]

[Text] In light of the latest events in Guinea, we have requested a short in-
terview with the honorary consul of that country in Oporto, Valentim Loureiro
--who has under his care the children of Guinean President Nino Vieira, who
are studying in Portugal.

[Question] What do you have to say about this series of deaths in Guinea—
Bissau prisons?

[Answer] I do not have enough information to make any authoritative statements
on this subject. However, I would like to believe that the Guinean authorities,
and especially President Nino, are aware of what is happening and are bound,
with certainty, to take measures to prevent their reputations from suffering as
great defenders of human rights among African countries and the third world.

[Question] You agree, however, that such events are giving rise to a great
deal of apprehension among the international community...

[Answer] When people die, there is always reason to be worried. And the way
by which this news has been made known to us creates, naturally, some tensions.
I believe, however, that these deaths are due, in fact, to sickness. I have
no reason to doubt the official versions with regard to this matter. If other,
less clear motives were at the base of such deaths, I would be greatly disallu-
sioned. But, I repeat, I do not believe it.

[Question] How do you rate the future responsibilities of President Nino
ieira, a person whom you know well, in this situation?

[Answer] From what I know of President Nino, I can state that he is a true
humanist. I have always seen him overcome the internal problems that have
risen in Guinea-Bissau, forgive, assist his political adversaries, defend the
human person above all. I cannot believe, therefore, that, for political rea-
sons, he would deny those principles for which he has always fought.

[Question] Are you suggesting that the fault lies with the information that
is coming out of Bissau?

14



AWOLOWO URGES PATIENCE WITH PRESENT ADMINISTRATION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 17 Jun 86 pp 1, 13

[Text]

FYLDER_— Statenman
[iewer Obafemi Awo-
has appealed to
Nigerians to exercise
enough patience with the
present administration in
its efforts to find solution
to the present economic.
crisis, 6

Hé said that the govern-
ment emergency recovery
measure had gone hait
way without a solution to’
the economic problems
does not mean that they
ennnot be solved.

Chief Awolowo who was
speaking with “airport
correspondents _ before
flying to London in the
eotly hours of yesterday
recalled that in 1939
during the second World
War, the whole world was
plunged into economic
depression.

Despite all efforts by
the various governments
he added, it was only in
1945 that the world
economy started to pick

up.

113104
cso: 3400/142

Speaking on the ABU
crisis, he said the govern-
ment should have
arrested those involved in
the shooting of students
and “put them on trial
immediately.”

He said he was of the
opinion that the Federal
government did not take
action on the crisis
promptly.

According to Chief
Awolowo, the police had
no reason to shoot at the
students adding, ‘‘studen-
ts must be students, the
police should have
behaved with more
restraints."

Speaking on the NLC
action on the students’
crisis and the action of the
police, Chief Awolowo
was of ‘the opinion that
the NLC should show
sympathy and was right
to take the action it took.

On the issue of aparthi-
ed in South Africa, Chief
Awolowo declared that

43

JPRS«SSA~86«083
5 August 1986

NIGERIA

the black South Africans
should continue — with
their guerilla activi

However, he warned
that Africans should’ not
sallow the war to escalate
because according to him,
“South Africa is not only
well armed, but rich.”*

Chief Awolowo advised

the Federal Government
not to dabble too much
‘into the South African
crisis without serious and
deep consideration for the
consequences,
__ On the estiiblishment of
‘the African High Com-
mand, he declared that at
this point in time it might
not be possible because of
the economic and logistic
problems.

He declared: Beggar:
‘countries cannot. engage
in expensive wars. You
will find out that in the
long run, both the
defender and there defend:
ed will be devastated be-
cause South Africa is a
rich country.”



INDEPENDENTS GAIN IN OIL PRODUCTS MARKETING

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 21 Jun 86 p 15

[Text]

/13104

3 ‘country’s more

than 250. independent
petroleem product
marketers have increased
their share of the market
to more than 22 per cent,
the chairman of the board.
of Total Nigeria Ltd, Mr.
J..E. Goubeau, said in
Lagos on Thursday.

Addressing the
company's yearly general
meeting, Mr. Goubeau
snid that the eight major
marketing companies had
suffered a drop in their
share of the market,
adding that Total might
suffer most because of its
“leading” position.

He emphasised that the
influence of the
independent marketers
was bound to take some
volumes off the older
majors over the years.

‘The chairman said that
the market recorded
inarginal improvement in
terms of sales volume last
year over 1984, pointing
out that while sales of,
“white” products dropped

cso: 3400/142

47

last year, lubricants,

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) aviation and
bunker fuels increased
theirs.

Mr. Goubeau disclosed
that Total had
inaugurated its LPG
storage and filling plants
at Apapa, near Lagos,
while the LPG project in
Jos would soon be
Jcompleted.

He said that the
Nigerian Gas Cylinders
Manufacturing Company
Ltd, a subsidiary to Total,
‘was yet to break even as a
result of inadequate
import licence allocation
and the drop in the
relative value of the naira
to the American dollar,

Rhone Total Nigeria
Ltd, he said, was equally
affected by import
restriction and
unfavourable currency
fluctuations, but gave the
assurance that the
proposed insecticide plant
at Apapa would be built
and inaugurated in 1986.

JPRS*SSA*86«083
5 August 1986

NIGERIA



2867083

JPRS*SON 986

5 Augus

SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION LEADER FILES INTERDICT AGAINST CISKEI'S SEBE
MB112035 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2029 GMT 11 Jul 86

[Text] East London, July 11, SAPA--An urgent interdict has been filed
against Ciskei's president L. Sebe by the leader of the newly-formed Ciskei
People's Rights Protection Party, Chief L. Maqoma, calling on the supreme
court to restrain the president or his agents from harassing or molesting the
chief.

The application also seeks the return of land which belongs to the chief and
was taken away from him by Mr Sebe through a government proclamation.

The application was supposed to have been heard in Bisho today, but was post—
poned until July 21.

Chief Maqoma's lawyer, Mr M. Qabaka, said Mr Sebe was cited as the respondent
because his department was in charge of tribal authorities.

The lawyer said it was agreed by both the applicants and defendants that the
matter be postponed. The respondents had been given until Thursday. next
week to file replies, he said.

In papers before the court, Chief Maqoma said that last Tuesday he was visited
by Ciskei police who told him that they had been ‘instructed to arrest him
because he had formed a new party.

He said the chief was also challenging the validity of the appropriation of
his land in Amajingqi, which consists of six villages.

Chief Maqoma, a former cabinet minister, had together with Mr Sebe fought a
legal battle for the same six villages when they were claimed by a Chief
Ndlazi, the papers said.

The two won the case and it was agreed that the land belonged to Chief
Maqoma.

The chief said Mr Sebe had wanted the land in June last year, but had lost a

court case over it and in June this year the president had usurped it by
means of a proclamation.

76



IJPRS*SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

BURUNDI

BRIEFS

MEDICAL PROTOCOL WITH PRC--Bujumbura, 10 July (ABP-PANA)--Burundi and China
signed a protocol on medical cooperation in Bujumbura today. According to

the protocol, the PRC will send Burundi a medical team of 12 specialists for

2 years and will provide the Burundi Ministry of Health with drugs and medical
equipment. During the signing ceremony, Burundi Minister of External Relations
and Cooperation Egide Nkuriyingoma stressed that the Burundi people and govern-
ment are very grateful for China's efforts to strengthen cooperation with

friendly countries. [Excerpts] [Dakar PANA in French 1515 GMT 10 Jul 86 EA]
/12232

FRANC DEVALUED AGAINST IMF SDR--Following Presidential Decree No 100-42 of

9 July 1986, the Burundi Government has readjusted the value of the Burundi
franc against the IMF's special drawing right [SDR] as has been in force since
1983. Since that time the SDR has been equal to 122.7 Burundi francs. The
present decree fixes the average exchange rate against the SDR at 141 Burundi
francs, effective midnight tonight, 10 July 1986. [Text] [Bujumbura Domestic
Service in French 1100 GMT 10 Jul 86 EA] /12232

cso: 3400/263



JPRS«SSA*86*083

5 August 1986

The prophet, Amadou Bator Diop, having been dismissed from government, can now
occupy himself with his profitmaking affairs. They might even prosper more
thanks to the New Farm Policy, which will in fact provide the richer people
with greater resources, depriving the poor, the vast majority of Senegalese
citizens, of what they have a right to expect of the collective. Little does
it matter what the source of the capital which the likes of Bator and Company
have invested or will invest was. The new agricultural policy simply regards
this as private business which should be encouraged and developed in order to
strengthen capitalism.

And there you have the whole class logic of the new agricultural policy--
depriving the vast majority of their resources, plundering the public domain
for the benefit of those who have always been rich and are today, and
dismissal of the workers in the name of profit. This logic must be destroyed
by the national democratic revolution, which will make the interests of the
people the center of gravity of our policy.

Industrial Policy Termed Provocation
Dakar FAGARU in French May 86 pp 1-2

[Text] The New Industrial Policy which has emerged from the laboratory of the
World Bank (IBRD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the UN Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) ,and which the interministerial council
adopted on 10 February 1986, is yet another provocation directed at the
workers class.

Among the processes it will put in motion, we might mention the destruction of
businesses, the massive dismissal of workers in many enterprises, and labor
legislation with Draconian effects on employees.

It is in fact a secret to no one that exposing the overwhelming majority of
our enterprises to international competition today, without even minimal
protection, simply means destroying them and throwing all of their workers
into the streets.

Those businesses which can reorganize in order to survive will without a doubt
do so by substantially reducing the number of their workers.

The new engineers of industrialization in Senegal admit this. They say that
there will be massive unemployment for 5 or 10 years, but after that, private
foreign investments will flow in and there will be work again. Indeed! This
has been explicitly stated and approved, and what is involved is thousands of
jobs. They add that in view of the "social stakes," it would be useful to
establish "a fund to guarantee resources for the private employees following
reorganization.” What will the amount be? Who will finance it? This does
not concern them. Is this a prior condition for reorganization? No, not at
all. In brief, it is an idea tossed out in order to pacify consciences and
nurture hope, thus deceiving the future victims. This subterfuge has been
used in order calmly to dismiss the workers in the rural staffing departments.
That having been done, one can begin again.

51



Zanu Backbench MP Proposes Digging Mutare-Beira Ship Canal
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jul 86; THE HERALD, 3 Jul 86)........

Would Lessen Dependence on South Africa
MP's: Canal Idea Not Feasible

Harare Firm Assembles Digital Meters
(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 3 Jul 86)............0.

Progress Report on Mutare-Beira Railway Rehabilitation
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 27 Jun 86) eee ecececcceceecuccee

64
64
64

65

66

Road Infrastructure Needed To Exploit Coal Region in Zambezi Valley

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 27 Jun 86) cece cece ceceeeee

Briefs
Changes Urged in Law Firms
Cost of Living for Poor

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

AWB Branches Reportedly To Get Specially Equipped Vans
(THE STAR, 2 Jul 86)........0.sece005

Afrikaans Teachers Launch Campaign To Counter Unitary Education
(Claire Robertson; THE STAR, 10 Jul (1°)

Briefs
SAAF in Transvaal Exercises

Three Mentioned as Possible Tutu Successors
(Estelle Trengove; THE STAR, 5 Jul 86)........ccccccecee

Transvaal's New Black MEC's May Get Group Areas Exemptions
(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 4 Jul 86)....

Ciskei Cuts Spending for One Year
(DAILY DISPATCH, 21 Jun 86)..

Opposition Leader Files Interdict Against Ciskei's Sebe
(SAPA, 11 Jul 86).......

Many Optimistic About Big Boom in Black Housing
(Frank Jeans; THE STAR, 5 Jul 86)..

67

69

70

71

72

73

75

76

78



JPRS*SSA*86-083
5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CHANGES URGED IN LAW FIRMS--Despite the fact that. Zimbabwe is now independent
and has got competent black lawyers, most of the legal work for municipalities
and parastatals is still being done by white law firms, the Minister of Trans-
port, Cde Herbert Ushewokunze, said at the weekend. Addressing the Zimbabwe
Association of Democratic Jurists at the university, Cde Ushewokunze said that
black law firms were limited in their scope of work by doing “unremuneratively
petty criminal work in the magistrates' court and equally unremunerative petty
community court work involving divorces, maintenance and custody cases",
"Still to this day, the bulk of the legal work of municipalities-cities of
Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru, Masvingo, Mutare, Marondera, Kwekwe, Chinhoyi,
Chitungwiza and Kadoma is still being done by white law firms," he said.
"Still to this day, the bulk of the legal work of parastatals--National Rail-
ways of Zimbabwe, Air Zimbabwe, Arda, Ama, Cotton Marketing Board, Grain
Marketing Board, Reserve Bank, Agricultural Finance Corporation...is done by
white law firms." The minister said there was a crisis of confidence in
black lawyers because “the black bourgeoisie and propertied class have appar-
ently no confidence in the expertise of black lawyers". Cde Ushewokunze said
that black lawyers were patronised by the working class, who, because they had
no money, could not always afford the charges. "But, because black lawyers
depend on the support of the working people with meagre resources, future ex-
pansion of black law firms is impossible without a dramatic restructuring of
the economy. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Jun 86 p 1] /9274

COST OF LIVING FOR POOR--The cost of living for lower paid urban families in
Zimbabwe rose almost 12,9 percent between May last year and last month while
the better paid faced a rise of almost 13,4 percent in the same period. The
last Government statistics show that the cost of living for the lower paid
seems to have stabilised again after jumping rapidly late last year and early
this year while the rate of rise for the higher income families although slower
than the year end is far more regular. The lower paid's cost of living did
not rise at all between April and last month while that for the better off
rose just 0,5 percent. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Jun 86 p 1]
19274

C80: 3400/251

68



yprs-sSA~86-083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CCPM PRESIDENT DISCUSSES ECONOMIC TIES WITH PORTUGAL
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 8 Jun 86 p 5

[Text] "Concrete steps are being taken in order to remove difficulties in
the economic relations between Portugal and Mozambique," Dr Paulo Sande,
president of the board of directors of the Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of
Commerce, told DOMINGO just before concluding the visit he made to our
country 5 weeks ago at the head of a delegation from that association.

The visit, according to members of the delegation, which also included CCPM's
vice-president, general secretary, and representative in the Mozambique
People's Republic, was intended to find alternatives to the block in bilateral
economic relations, due to cyclical and endemic political factors. According
to Dr Sande, one more step was taken toward that goal. .

According to the president of the Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of Commerce,
there continues to be a political block in the relations between the two
countries, resulting from the fact that steps taken towards solving the
problems have not been concluded. "If there is a desire on one side to get
ahead of the problem, then a question arises on the other," he stated,
emphasizing the fact that "basically, the problems are old. There is no
clear cooperation policy and it fluctuates a little according to circum-
stances."

Another factor, according to Dr Paulo Sande, is the constant changes of
government in Portugal. Nevertheless, the president of the CCPM board of
directors considered positive the action taken by the present Portuguese
executive branch, headed by Dr Cavaco Silva, who has taken clear positions
in regard to cooperation with our country.

"Positions related to political options are one thing, concrete actions
are another. The Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of Commerce recognizes that
this government has taken steps towards removing the difficulties," our
interviewee stated, and added that "dialogue is now easier."

"If this government can have a relatively long duration and remain relatively

stable, all signs. indicate that it will be possible to solve many of the
questions that have existed so far," Dr Sande added.

23



JPRS“SSA~86«083
5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE.

PROGRESS REPORT ON MUTARE-BEIRA RAILWAY REHABILITATION

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 27 Jun 86 p 7

[Text]

19274
cso:

THE rehabilitation of the Mutare
to Beira railway line should be
completed by June 1987, says the

jational Railways of Zimbabwe.

By the end-of May this year, 42
kilometres of track had been reslee-
In addition, 13km of re-
railing has been completed, and the
jointed rail on LOkm of curves has

3400/252

been replaced with fully welded
continuous rail on the 137km stretch
between the Machipanda border
post and Gondola in Mozambique.

Ina statement to the Gazette, an
NRZ spokeswoman said: **At this
stage NRZ has only been called
upon to carry out the rehabilitation
work from the Machipanda border
station to Gondola, a stretch of
137km of rail, The section from
Gondola to Beira is being rchabili-
tated by the Mozambique Railways
and their anticipated costs are not
known at this stage

“The progress at this stage is 55%
of the length to be dealt with by the
NRZ.. The length of the entire tine
from Beira to Machipanda border is
315km"".

‘The spokeswoman said rebabili-
tation of the whole distance woutd

take approximately one year. The ,

first commercial train service he-
tween Zimbabwe and Mozambique

66

. “and there have been

started operating on*June 2 this
year, with the NRZ. operating up to
Gondola and the Mozambique Rail-
ways operating between Gondola
and Beira.

Much of the Machipanda-
Gondola section had deteriorated
due to lack of maintenance and the
security situation in Mozambique,

tual sabotage on the line
spokeswoman.

There were some delays at the be-
ginning of the rehabilitation exer-
cise when NRZ teams had to carry
out essential maintenance work and
where existing track had to be
replaced for the safe passage of
trains.

Repair work from Machipanda to
Gondola is being carried out by
NRZ relay teams, The onty compa-
ny involved is E C Lenning (Pvt)
Ltd which operates the heavy-duty
track tamping machine. she said.



JPRS«SSA*86*083

5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

FINANCE MINISTRY RELEASES REPORT ON EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p 1

[Text]

JIMEARWE necds to improve and sustain its
abiliy ie ponerate snd implement projects if
din the challenging task of finane-
t ¥ive Year National Development

itisto

ing the
Plan,

‘This is the conclusion of a status report on exter-
nel development arsistence to Zimbabwe between
1980 and 1285 released this week by the Ministry cf
Finance, Economie Planning ‘and Development,

Crepared with the ‘help of the United Nationa
Development Fregramme, the report is port of an
‘oing exerciso to develop and implement a compu-
acd management information system on ald pro-
jects and programmes in Zimbabwe.

Dealing with experience so far in generating
aid, the report said that “to. the extent that the
purpose of Zimcord was to attract external assistance
tor the develppment efforts of the country during
the Three Year Transitional National Development
Vian, it served tts objectives well” in view of the
high level of commitments between 1981 and 1983.

New aid commitments rose fairly
steadily between 1980 and 1983,
reaching a peak of US$61 million
in 1983, after which they fell off
reaching US$339 million last year,

“This tmplies a reat need in the immediate future
to Sncreace the pipeline of external nselstance in
erder that the present level of aid inflows can. be
insintuined during and after the five yeer plan perlod,”

sald the report,
This was particularly important ag the actual

19274

CSO: 3400/252

absorptive capacity of the country was steadily in-
creasing. Actual annual disbursements of ald had risor
froma USf121 million in 1980 to US$347 million last
year. -

Between 1980 and 1985, a total of US§2,61 "billion
wie pledged tw Zimbabwe, of which about US$1,6°
hillion was actually disbursed, giving an average dis-
bursement. ratio of 64 percent. |

‘The dishursement rate of Ald from bilateral sour-
ces was generally higher than that from multilatera}
sources,

Of the US§2,61 billion pledged, about 43 perccnt
came in the form of grants, which have generally
been paid out quicker than loans. Most loans came
from multilateral institutions such as the World
Lank, African Development Bank, European Invest-
ment ban!c and others. , : .

Of the US$1,68 billion reccived up to 1985, about
46 percent. came in the form of untied aid to finance
development projects and progrerames, A large part
of this was used to mcet-the local costs of a number
of externally funded public sector projects.

‘Tied ald, including. commodity import progrem-
mes, accounted for about 40 percent of all aid receiv-
vd up to 1985 while aid coming in the form of tech-
nical co-operation accounted for about 14 percent of
total aid although it did not always result In cash,
equipment or material inflowg into the country.

Sectors which ‘tnd recetved most emphasis in
donor programmes were agriculture, forestry, fishcrics,
education, industry, transport and communications and
both tied and untied aid to finance the import o*
commedities and equipment.

The commodity import programmer offercd In
grant form by some conorg had generate] Zimbabwe
dolar counterpart funds which were uged by the
Government to supplement funda availoble to finance
development projects.

‘The report does not include donor support to:
SADCC projects which might benefit Zimbabwe hui
which are not specifically focused on Zimbabwe.

59



JPRS*SSA-86 083
5 August 198¢

GUINEA-BISSAU

CORREIA TRIAL CALLED "FARCE'; REPRESSION, PERSECUTION CHARGED
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 pill
[Article by Jose Antonio Salvador]

[Text] The sentencing of Paulo Correia, ex-vice president of the Council of
State of Guinea-Bissau, which began Thursday in the Guinean capital, consti-

tutes "a judicial farce," say Western diplomatic sources accredited to Bissau.

Paulo Correia is accused by Guinean security forces: of instigating an attempted
coup d'etat against current president Nino Vieira. As a result of this accu-
sation, some 70 Guinean Armed Forces officials have been arrested, 18 last
weekend, besides an undetermined number of civilians.

The Guinean security forces have not yet revealed the number and identities of
those detained, the only names released being that of Paulo Correia and those
who made statements that the political police had broadcast on the official
radio.

The police interrogations of the prisoners that were broadcast more than once
were dedicated to the allegations of the security forces, who blame Paulo Cor-
reia for organizing the alleged aborted coup d'etat attempt,

The role of the security forces has been disputed not least of all for the fact
that in principle the trial should have maintained judicial secrecy. The re-—
leasing of some of the prisoners' statements violates this principle. On the
other hand, those detained have no guarantees of defense, either in the trial
or in the sentencing.

More serious has been the series of deaths of political prisoners jailed in
Bissau. At this time 5 deaths have been confirmed in Guinean jails, but in-
dependent sources state that 15 political prisoners have already died. It is
difficult to determine with certainty the number of prisoners who were unable
to resist the tortures and the extremely bad prison conditions, and the exact
number of prisoners is unknown.

Meanwhile, 13 political prisoners have been transferred from cells to a wing
in Bissau Central Hospital for treatment. One of the prisoners is in serious
condition, and other deaths could occur within the next few days. The wing
has been guarded by members of the Cuban security forces.

16



Some new graduates have an opportunity to continue their education at a higher
level, such as the young engineers who are teaching there today and who re-
ceived their middle-level training at the institute. Many other agronomic and
forestry engineers were also initially trained at the institute and are now
working in other sectors of the country.

This point has been made to show that certain statements to the effect that
students who are channeled into a specialty never have an opportunity to at-
tend university are unfounded.

The great majority of the students who attend the Chimoio Agrarian Institute
come out of basic agrarian schools in various parts of the country. They enter
the institute at ninth-grade level. Many of them also later undergo intensive
training in a particular discipline to join the teaching staff of the Insti-
tute itself.

Agricultural Production

The Chimoio Agrarian Institute also has an independent production unit called
the IAC Agrarian Enterprise. ‘This enterprise involved in farming, livestock-
raising and forestry operates as a teaching supplement to the theoretical
classroom work.

It is a financially independent enterprise and it operates out of the former
School of Agricultural Regents (ERA), with its own technical and administra-
tive staff.

It, however, also supports the Agrarian Institute, either as a teaching aid
or as a source of supply of some products for the students boarded there.

The agrarian enterprise currently has 500 hectares of land under cultivation
producing a variety of crops ranging from maize and potatoes to beans and
other vegetables.

However, because of many problems related to the farm equipment, the enter-
prise has not yet been able to cover its operating expenses, and thus has been
operating in the red.

When we visited the enterprise, its farm machinery, including support vehicles,
was for the most part inoperable. The problems range froma shortage of lubri-
cating oil to shortages of spare parts and fuel.

This is a problem which requires an urgent solution, if the already insuffi-
cient supply of food to IAC students is not to worsen.

Despite the fact that the enterprise is not yet economically profitable, it
does not alleviate the problems of feeding 342 students, instructors and work-

ers in the enterprise.
In addition to agriculture, the enterprise is also engaged in forestry. It

cuts and processes timber, which is later marketed as boards and also in the
form of finished products, such as crates for packing vegetables.

33



IPRSSSA-864083
5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

U.S, ATTLIUDE TOWARD MOZAMBIQUE, RENAMO CONNECTION CRITICIZED

Gweru MOTO in English No 46 pp 14, 15

{Commentary by Paul Fauvet]

{Text ]

THE US embassy in Harare seems sutpris-,
inuly inept. When Zimbabwe's Information
pistes Nathan Shannyarira remarked on
that “the MN,
fozamique had been allowed to open an

¢ in Washington, any ieasonably ine +
an diplomat would have !
kept quiet, hoping that the fuss would die
down,

Not socsith Unele Sam's boys in Harare, +
They promptly issued a statement attacking
Shamuyarira, the process of which they §
actually admitted the substance of his
accusation.

There is indeed an MNR office in
Washington, the embassy tells us, but ap-
parently that's OK because it is run by an’
micrican citizen claiming to represent the :
MNR" rather than by any Mozambicans. §
“Such an office does not require the ap-
proval of the United States government,”
declares the embassy, washing its hands of
the whole affai

Does this really mean that any bunch of
gangsters can set up offices in Washington j
provided they're fronted by American citi-
zens? Would the US administration take
1) at tolerant attitude towards an office
ol, tor instance, the Abu Nidal group, or
the Nalian Red Brigades? :

‘The American attitude is similar to that!
Portuguese governments who *
jaimed that they cannot do anything
about the MNR's activities in Lisbon. The
MINNR’s spokesman based in Lisbon. includ- |
ing the organisation's general secretary, |
Evo Fernandes, happen to carry Portuglese !
passports: this apparently allows them to
say and do pretty well whatever they like, -
This includes ugly threats against foreigners +

53

‘(including Portuguese) working in Mozam-

' bique, claiming responsibility for a series of
terrorist attacks, and slandering the Portu-
guese embassy in Maputo, accusing it of
being in league with the Mozambican
security services,

The MNR office in Washington is doubt-
less part of the plans of the far right in the
US to reverse the administration's Mozam-
bique‘policy, and to award the MNR the
same priviledge status accorded to the
Angolan counter-revolutionary organisa-
tion, UNITA. The right wing of the
Republican Party sees the US State Depart-
meént’s current friendliness towards the

; Mozambican government as out of keeping

avith the openly hostile attitude towards
left-wing governments elsewhere in the
Third World (Angola, Nicaragua,
Afghanistan and Kampuchea are the ob-
vious examples).

The. Mozambican government is very
much in fayour of good relations with the
United States, based on the principles of
mutual respect and non-interference in
domestic affairs. The State Department
finds this difficult to understand: and the
concept of non-alignment seems quite
beyond its intellectual grasp. For the US ad-
‘ministration the world is divided into two
jopposing camps and you are cither on one
jside or the other,

Thus the State Department’ 's justification
for good. relations with Samora Machel’s
government is the insulting one of “trying
to wean Mozambique away from the Soviet
Union'’. George Schultz defended the ad-
ministration’s. Mozambique policy before
Congress in exactly those terms -- thus

‘indicating that the Mozambican leader-
\



JPRS*SSA*864083
5 August 1986

KENYA

BRIEFS

OIL PIPELINE AGREEMENT WITH UGANDA--The multi-million-shilling oil pipeline
from Mombasa to Nairobi will be extended to Uganda, it was agreed in Nairobi
yesterday at the Kenya-Uganda ministerial meeting on energy. The Kenyan
Government has completed feasibility studies to extend this side of the line
from Nairobi to a point in western Kenya. Agreed minutes of this week's
bilateral meeting were signed yesterday by the minister for energy and re-
gional development, Mr K.N. Biwott, and his Ugandan counterpart, Dr L.A.
Kayiira. The meeting, also attended by senior government officials from both
sides, noted that the Mombasa-to-Nairobi white petroleum products pipeline
had proved economically viable. The Ugandan delegation had expressed an
interest in the possibility of extending the pipeline into Uganda. It was,
therefore, recommended that Kampala carry out a feasibility study to deter-
mine the technical and economic viability of such an extension. [Excerpt]
[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 4 Jul 86 p 1 EA] /6662

TRADE AGREEMENT WITH ETHIOPIA--Nairobi, 8 Jul--Kenya today pledged to. com-
plete tarmacking the road linking Kenya and Ethiopia when funds are avail-
able. Efforts are being made to improve the road communication linkage to
enhance trade between the two countries. At a meeting to sign an agreement
of trade pact between the two states in Nairobi were the minister for com-
merce and industry, Prof J. Ngeno, and the Ethiopian Ambassador to Kenya,
Legesse Worlde-Mariam. The Kenyan minister said the agreement between the
two governments is an added improvement in both political and trade rela-
tions which the two countries have enjoyed since independence. Such rela-
tions, he said, should be strengthened through trade. Kenya exports to
Ethiopia tea, soda ash, medicine and oil lubricants, while Ethiopia offers
Kenya vital aircraft engine service and wine. Ethiopia is said to have the
biggest aircraft engine plant which services Kenya planes. [Excerpt]
[Nairobi KNA in English 0950 GMT 8 Jul 86 EA]  /6662

19



19274
cso:

3400/258

cal effects, deep resentment, habits of criminality and loss of faith
in the system of justice.”

All the prisons they visited were overcrowded. The St Albans
prison maximum security section was 153 percent full during May
while the medium security section was 105 percent full.

During the state of emergency last year, cell occupancy in the
medium security section at this prison rose to 236 percent.

The George prison was about 140 percent full at the time of the
doctors’ visit.

The Prison Service’s Brigadier EC van Zyl, who accompanied
the doctors said: “Overpopilation is dealt with by the de-concen-
tration of prisoners at prisons with a high population to prisons
with a lower concentration.”

Few of the children knew what their legal rights were. “Some
had no knowledge that legal representation was possible to ar-
range,” the report said. +

Pressure of work

Turning to medical care, the doctors found that “when large’
numbers of prisoners have to be seen, examination is likely to be
cursory” and recommended that doctors and medical personnel
“should refuse to be hustled by the pressure of work to a standard
of medical care which is professionally unacceptable”.

They also found that “the follow-up of notification of injuries
sustained while in police custody is not thoroughly pursued.

“When a prison medical officer forwards a report about an in-
jured prisoner to the police, there is no guarantee that the matter
is pursued.”

Brigadier van Zyl responded: “All injuries are recorded, treated
and investigated by the SA Prisons’ Service and, where necessary,
by the police.”

If, on admission, a prisoner was found to be injured, or alleged he
had been assaulted, a written report and the medical officer’s find-
ing were handed to the SA Police, she said.

The doctors conclude that conditions for detainees and awaiting-
trial prisoners were worse than those of sentenced prisoners.

In a sub-section on “conditions for detainees at St Albans prison”,
they described a cell for about 30 people which had “inadequate
sanitation, was damp, with walls and floors in poor condition ...
There was no privacy, no radio, no library, no TV, limited visiting
and no social services available through the prison”.

“We do not criticise the Prison Service for this; we condemn the
practice of detentidn which dumps large numbers of people at the
doors of prisons which are not structured to cope with them.”

A spokesman for St Albans, Lieutenant-Colonel Danie Immel-
man, said: “The cell was not occupied at the time of the visit but
was being renovated.

“The physical treatment, circumstances for detainees and await-
ing-trial prisoners are the same as those for sentenced prisoners.

“The Prisons Service is satisfied that all people entrusted to its
care are treated in a responsible and professional way in accor-
dance with internationally accepted standard minimum rules.”

* 86



sector, the draft Constitution proposes an improvement in the products of the
various craft groups and exploration of new ways to mobilize all our national
talents. Moreover, this sector has the advantage of requiring very small
start-up technical and financial investments. In any event, the liberalism
which at present we are putting into practice by disengaging the state from the
direct management of industrial units does not mean it has lost interest in
the future of our industries. The state continues to be an active agent in
industrial development because it is the state which has to assure the setting
up of the structures, the definition of the policy orientations, and the
establishment of the operational mechanism. It will also have to develop

an appropriate legal framework. In this regard, we must recognize the fact
that our Investment Code has been unable to serve the planning needs of the
districts and regions. Rather it has served the enterprises which encountered
problems as soon as there was a reversion .to the common law system. Thus we
have violated the spirit and the letter of the Code; a serious reexamination
is required principally to encourage the enterprises which are investing in
accordance with our plans to specify the costs of training and employment and
to permit the state to finance the priority sectors. Similarly, our customs
and fiscal systems should be reformed to better protect national industries.
However, most certainly the current wind of liberalization will not have a
beneficial effect unless credit facilities and an adequate training system
encourage the emergence of Nigerien industrialists who are willing to submit
to the requirements of modern management and of the world economic situation.

In this sector as in any other, the state is unable to do everything by itself
and at all times. Although it must naturally do its part in our
industrialization process and in its restructuring, it is, however, evident
that the role of the Nigerien economic operators is equally large and that they
have to prepare themselves to enter into the economic flow of the
contemporary world. The time of improvisation and near-enough-is-good-enough,
and of trial and error is now over. Our industries will be adapted to our
realities or they will not be. The draft national Constitution establishes
the conditions of this adaptation. It is now up to the economic operators
and consumers, that is, all Nigeriens, to say whether the course of action
indicated is really the one which will open for us the industrial
possibilities our development requires.

8143/12951
CSO: 3419/282

40



JPRS*SSA*867083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PIK BOTHA'S STAND ON SANCTIONS CRITICIZED
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p14

[Commentary by John D'Oliveira]

[Text ] MR PIK BOTHA’s defiant speech

at Witbank on Thursday evening
must have sent the shivers run-
ning up and down the backs of
those people who are still trying
to hold the battered, limping
South African economy together.

Reportedly, the South African
Foreign Minister was cheered
when he told his audience that
further economic sanctions were
inevitable and that the sooner
they were implemented the soon-
er South Africa could show the
world that sanctions and boycotts
would not “finish” the country.

He said he saw the coming
sanctions as an opportunity to
show the world that punitive
measures would not “break”
South Africa.

Mr Botha heavily underlined
the Government’s view that it
was not the outside world but
South Africans who would decide
over their own future.

He warned of an approaching
period of even further isolation
and of reduced living standards
and added that this should be
weighed against Souyth Africans’
right to determine their own fu-
ture and to survive “with pride”.

A number of points need to be
made. :

The first is that no country
which aspires to being a mod-
ern, developed, Christian, democ-
racy can live in isolation.

The second is that South Afri-
ca’s prosperity and its security
depend ultimately on its trading
ability, on its ability to attract

81

foreign investment, foreign skills
and foreign technology.

It was largely the sudden col-
lapse’ of foreign confidence in
South Africa that slashed the
value of the rand, boosted infla-
tion, brought the country to the
brink of international bankruptcy,
forced thousands of South African
enterprises into liquidation, flung
hundreds of thousands of people
into unemployment and fanned
the flames of violent revolution.

There is no doubt that, with-
out the current recession, the situ-
ation in the black and coloured
townships would have been much
easier than it has been for the
past two years.

Equally, there is no doubt that,

jhad international confidence in

the South African. Government
and the South African economy
remained at the levels South Afri-
ca has been used to over the
years, we would not be in our
Present economic — and security
~~ predicament. .

Mr Botha speaks of sanctions
as if they are something to be

‘faced in the near future.

But the international communi-

‘ty has already applied effective

sanctions against South Africa

-through a process of steady disin-

vestment (and non-investment)
and through the intense pressure
on the rand.

The only bright spot thus far
has been increase’ in South Afri-

,ca’s now comparatively cheap ex-

ports.
However, if and when sanctions



here when I say to it, Be-
lieve us, we want to offer
every bit of help we can.
Zimbabwe has got to get
it right.”

He said the outlook for
1986/87 was probably the
gioomtest yet because of
the cacalation of input
costs which affected the
three séctors of agricul-
ture, those of the large
scale, small scale and
communal farmers.

ie the marketing
system did mot increase:
marketed output, ° the:
country should open up
new frontiers of produc-
tion and provide new
‘outlets. for production,
otherwise development in,
the country would stag-

nate, he said.
“we know the pres-'
sures the Government

has to face and I am sure
that I speak for all of us;

New Export Route Aid Pledge

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p 6

[Text]

19274
cso:

BRITAIN, along with many of its
European allies, have’ pledged large
sums to develop and upgrade the com-
nnuications_ routes throngh Mozambi-
que to Zimbabwe and Malawi, the
British High Commissioner to Zimbu-
bwe, Mr Ramsey Melhuish, ‘sald yes-
terday.

Opening the CGPA congress in
Marare, he said the more the inter-
national community can do to help
Zimbabwe and other landlocked couh-
tries reduce dependence on South Afri-
can transport routes, the better for
both farmers and politicians.

“Presently, about 90 percent of
Zimbabwe's imports ana exports go
through South Africa and the alter-
natives for most of those imports do
not yot physically exist.” .

‘The Tigh Commissioner said Bri-
tain found itself at odds with Zimba-
bwe towards the application of mandn-
tory economie sanctions to South
Africa.

In contradiction to the CGPA
ebairman’s support for sanctions, Mr
Melhuwish ‘said: “If sanctions led to 2
closure af the ‘South African borders,
the knock-on effect on South Africa’s

3400/256

Jand-locked neighbours would be ex-
tremely damaging.
‘In practice, sanctlong are more
ensly evaded than enforced. The
reandn being that Businessmen who
make money from sanctions busting,
are better at doing so than elvil ser-
vants, whose salaries remain the same
whatever they do, are at stopping
them.”

A_ combination of intelligent  poli-
cles in the communal sector, during
tho past six years, had produced. #

JPRS«SSA-86 4083
5 August 1986

dramatic improvement, In Zimbabwe's -

high-rainfall area.

“Lhe new five-year development
plan makes clear, that this priority
will’ continue and, with our present
ald programme priorities, we shall be
helping,” Mr Melhutsh said.

‘The incentive pricing system, means
that Zimbabwe can never hope to ex-
port significant quantities of maize at
n Zimbabwe dollar profit, he added.

“Many people feel it would make
more sense to sell the bulk of the
surplus steadily for whatever price in
hard currency the world market will
bear and in whatever markets present
thompelves.”

58



/13104
cso:

are imposed by the West, they
will be aimed primarily at shut-
ting off South Africa from its
vital export markets.

I have never believed that
sanctions could ever be made
really effective without both in-
ternational unanimity and a com-
mitment to a sea, air and land
blockade that would cost billions
of rands a year — and I do not
think the world is ready for ei-
ther.

What bothers me is that sanc-
tions will be yet another turn of a
screw that is already hurting
South Africans of all races.

Whether the anticipated sanc-
tions are effective in themselves
is almost irrelevant.

What is relevant is that a de-
cision by the West to impose
sanctions will reflect a further
erosion of confidence in South
Africa, that this will lead to fur-
ther problems for the South Afri-
can economy, that more: busin-
esses will close, that more jobs
will be lost and that, as a result,
the situation in the townships will
deteriorate.

Mr Botha is correct when he
says that the world has no “right”
to prescribe to South Africa on its
internal policies and that South
Africans have the “right” to de-
termine their own future,

But whether the world had a
“right” to act as it is now doing
is beside the point.

The fact is that certain ele-
ments in the international com-
munity have lost confidence in
South Africa, that some want to
punish South Africa for its “rac-
ism” and that others will be
forced by international and dom-
estic opinion to embark on a

3400/270

82

sanctions campaign against South
Africa.

This process had started.

It has already hurt South Afri-
ca and all its people severely and
it will hurt even more in the for-
seeable future.

Now, all this might be worth-
while if there is any evidence that
the process of international chas-
tisement (whether justified or
not) will help South Africa to-
wards an acceptable solution.

Unfortunately, neither sanc-
tions nor the South African Gov-
crnment’s defiant reaction to
sanctions will ease our country’s.
transition from minority to ma-
jority rule.

Zimbabwe has shown that_a
comparatively strong economy
moderates views on both sides
of the political divide when the
time comes for the transfer from
white to black rule.

Unfortunately, both the South
African Government and the in-
ternational community appear
determined to pursue courses
which might devastate South
Africa’s and South Africans’ grea-
test asset.

Mr Botha is right when he says
that sanctions will neither “fin-
ish” nor “break” South Africa.

However, if we accept that
sanctions will add significantly
and cumulatively to both our eco-
nomic and security problems, we
should be doing everything in our
power to avert sanctions and re-
store international confidence in
South Africa,

Defiance, threats of punitive.
action against neighbouring
states, warnings that we might
be forced to default on our in-
ternational commitments and
extra-territorial excursions by
our Defence Forces will only ag-
gravate the situation — possibly
severely. .



During their stay in our country, the members of the delegation representing
the National Committee of the Youth Section of the ANC paid a series of visits
to various places of political, historic and cultural interest, including the
Museum of the Revolution, the SOMOPAL factory in the Matola zone, which was
attacked by the South African Air Force during one of its aggressive
incursions into our country, and the Museum of Natural History, among other
sites,

5157
€S0:3442/247

27



Mitsubishi Replaces Mobil

Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation decided to invest in Angolan oil, and bought
Mobil's share (25 percent) in Block 3 of Angola's off-shore oilfields,
According to Mitsubishi's president, Kiyoshi Hama, the purchase fits with the
company's new strategy of security through diversification of oil sources.
Mitsubishi has just formed the Angolan Japan Oil Company to operate in Angola
along with five other Japanese companies, among them Mitsui Oil Exploration
and Taiyo Oil. In Block 3, whose Palanca and Pacassa fields produce 42,000
barrels of oil daily, Elf Aquitaine and Agip (Italian) operate.

Mobil denied any political motive for giving up its share.
Hotel Meridien Described

In its year of activity, the Meridien President Hotel, adjacent to the port
of Luanda, seems to have made a good impression on its many guests, who paid
for their stay in foreign currency.

Directed by the French company, Meridien, the Luanda hotel had about 66,500
guests last year, including famous people from abroad. It has 186 rooms. all
of them air-conditioned and well appointed, as well as presidential suites.
Meals are provided in two restaurants, the Kalandula and La.Rotisserie, and
there is also a bar, the Baia Azul. The hotel provides private transportation
to the beach.

Standard Electric ‘Contribution

Since independence, 40,000 television sets have been manufactured in Angola by
Standard Electric of Angola, an affiliate of Standard Electric Portugal, which
has functioned in the Angolan capital since 1950.

The firm, which has five Portuguese residents among its 70 workers, imports
components from its Portuguese factory.

Right now, though, television manufacture is paralyzed due to a decision taken
by the Angolan ministry of industry.

Standard Electric is one of the few profitable companies in Angola, and its
taxes contributed 19.4 million Kwanzas $1=30 Kz.) to the budget in the past

2 years.. The suspension that has been decreed, according to the Luanda press,
could have a negative effect on the profitability of the company which installed
its Pentaconta 1000-A and 1000-C equipment within the public telephone network
in large areas of Luanda, and also the international telephone switching

center.

Malaria in Cabinda

Malaria has again become a serious illness in Cabinda. According to statements
made by the Health delegate of that Angolan province, Alfredo Kibinda, 14,108
cases of the illness were registered in 1985 among a population estimated at
105,000.



certainty to produce food self-sufficiency which is one of the objectives
of the Development Company.

As for the raising of livestock, which constitutes the second segment of
our rural activities, we recall that a seminar held under the auspices of
the National Development Council concentrated on the problems of this sector,
and the pertinent conclusions resulting from these debates are serving as
reference points for our policy in this area. Consequently, the draft
Constitution has taken these conclusions into consideration and recommends
in particular the development of our animal resources through economic
exploitation of livestock and improvement of animal health; the rational
Management of the pasturages and watering points; encouragement of intensive
livestock raising; protection of land animals; and promotion of zootechnical
and veterinary research. The era of haphazard livestock raising is over;
circumstances and reason induce us to modernize our livestock raising
techniques to improve our livestock and protect our rural spaces.

But whether we are talking about livestock raising or agriculture, the
essential element continues to be the harnessing of water. After analyzing
the water and environmental policy to be put in place, the draft Constitution
proposes implementation of a rational policy beginning with an exhaustive
inventory of surface and underground water resources and ending up with a
coherent system for their exploitation which guarantees that everyone has the
right to water. With the same thought in mind, a strategy for fighting
desertification has been proposed within the privileged framework of the
structures of the Development Company, in accordance with the provisions of
the Maradi Agreement.

In all of these strategies relating to the rural sector, the key factor,
however, continues to be man. Theréfore, he must be made knowledgeable of
these strategies to obtain his conscientious and effective participation in
the actions being undertaken. In the process, we will not neglect young
people who are tempted by rural exodus or women who constitute 50 percent
of the population and who are playing an increasingly important role in
agricultural. production. Thus, we will assuredly establish the conditions
for our food self-sufficiency, that is to say, the conditions for our real
sovereignty and development.

8143/12951
CsO: 3419/282

42



The Angolan trade balance, for its part, is positive by 11.7 billion Kz, which
will help to finance socioeconomic development, whose budget will be increased
by about 5.9 billion Kz.

As for the National Plan, it will be subject to a policy of severe austerity
in spending, since the government intends to relaunch agricultural, meat, and
industrial production as a source of compensation, and a reduction of imports.
In 1986, the authorities forecast a gross production figure of 208.7 billion
Kz. which represents an increase of about 18.7 percent over 1985.

These are good intentions, but there are many problems. The dependence on
oil, and the normal abundance of profits has created among a certain urban
class. a life style that has become ingrained. -On the other hand, the war has
" turned a great part of the rural population into an unproductive group,

wandering from place to place with nothing to eat. It remains to be seen
whether, by the end of the year, in the face of so many difficulties, the
Angolan government is able to achieve some of its objectives en route to the
desired economic stabilization. ' :

Swedish Donation to the Fishing Industry

Since 1979, Sweden has channeled to Angola a total of 156 million kronen to
explore fishing potential, teach fishing techniques, and train people. At
this point, that nordic country has already repaired an exploration vessel,
the Goa, and it is expected that soon they will complete the construction of
three others, as well as a laboratory.

Sweden is also committed to a grass roots fishing project in Soyo, in Zaire
Province, through the training of fishing cooperatives. The cooperatives have
already received 50 canoe-type boats with motors, and this year will receive
20 more.

Also the Swedes are present at the Fishing Training Center in Cacuaco, to
which they donated 105 million kronen last year. This year they will donate
another 22 million for the completion of the second phase of the Center.

The greater part of the Swedish donations are given to the Planning Ministry
which later directs them to projects of the various ministries.

Spanish Firm To Build University

The Spanish firm, Emex, in the near future is going to build a medical school
in Luanda, under the terms of an agreement reached between Spain and the
Rectory of the Agostinho Neto University.

The project is evaluated at $7.5 million. In December 1984 Spain had already
provided financing in the amount of $3 million for construction of the
building. The rest of the financing is yet to be studied by the Angola
National Bank.

This construction was decided upon during the Angolan president's visit to
Spain in September 1984.



farming areas, possibly beginning next season. This would encourage the
efforts and self-sacrifice of the workers, who are struggling to achieve the
economic development of the country.

To this end, five teams of animals are currently being trained, while plans
call for the training of 20 teams, in all, by a brigade specifically
established there for the purpose.

Because of these same problems, the enterprise produced only 437 tons of corn
on an area of 349 hectares out of the 800 initially planned during the 1984-85
farm season

With regard to beans, Dinis Pio said that only 4 tons were raised on 7
hectares, while 70 tons of garden crops were produced on 10 hectares and were
later sold to the people of Lichinga.

In the livestock-breeding sector, the Lichinga Enterprise has already sold 20
head of cattle and 208 hogs for reproduction to the population in this area,

For the same purpose, 221 rabbits and 46 pairs of ducks have also been sold to
the people in the city and district of Lichinga.

Dinis Pio, who voiced his concern about. the shortage of feed for the animals,
particularly the raw materials for producing animal feed, said that his
enterprise currently has 643 head of cattle, 910 head of swine and about 900
rabbits.

The director explained that previously, the enterprise did not need the aid of
third parties to produce feed for its animals, but as of the time when yields
in the production of corn, soy beans and sunflower seeds dropped off, the
support of others began to be an urgent and constant necessity.

On the subject of support of the people in neighboring settlements, Dinis Pio
said that two basic technicians from his enterprise are providing technical
aid to the cooperative, private and family sectors in the district and city of
Lichinga, in particular in the realm of crop production and the raising of
small and large animals.

He further explained that because of the problems related to the shortage of
production factors, the enterprise has reduced its cultivated areas during for
the farm year, with the result that 310 workers have been dismissed. However,
the enterprise has provided them with the support needed for subsistence.

In this connection, these workers received land from the enterprise to
establish their family plots, as well as seeds and production tools such as
axes, machetes and hoes,

5157
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36



[Answer] Well, I admit that the journalists who have passed on this informa-
tion may not be sufficiently well informed of the problems. I do not say that
they are purposely distorting the information. But they may not have looked

far enough into it all...

[Question] Do you have a plausible explanation for the series of deaths in
the prisons?

[Answer] We have to remember that Guinea-Bissau is struggling with problems
and that there are great needs in many areas: nutrition, health, lack of medi-
cines, etc. I ask myself how much this would help explain the case.

In fact, I do not believe that the Guinean authorities have contributed, active-
ly and directly, to the death of the prisoners. But it is possible to suppose
that, with so many difficulties, they cannot always lend people all the neces-
sary aid, and that they get sick and even die.’ But people do not die for health
reasons only in the prisons--they also die at home, in the hospitals...The
health problem, as with others, is in truth very serious in my country.

[Question] . How can the situation be resolved?

[Answer] If, by chance, there were some negligence or omission at the root of
these deaths by disease, the president would certainly have already taken mea-
sures to prevent cases such as these, always lamentable, from being repeated.

[Question] And what do you have to say regarding the recent expulsion of the
ANOP delegate in Bissau?

[Answer] I. think that there must have been some misunderstanding, but I do
not know the reasons well enough to judge. Naturally, as a.person and as a
consul, I have to believe that the measures taken by the Guinean authorities
are in the country's best interest. In any case, I regret that a situation
was created that has led to this extreme solution.

13026
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15



JPRS“SSA+86~083
5 August 1986

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS ‘

MILITARY COOPERATION WITH FRANCE--On the national front, the president of the
republic, head of state, and head of government [Andre Kolingba] granted an
audience yesterday morning to. Mr Francois (Pinot), chairman of the National
Commission on National Defense and Armed Forces and an RPR member of the
French National Assembly. Mr (Pinot), who was accompanied by the French ambas-
sador to the CAR, his excellency Jean Jacques Mano, examined with General
Andre Kolingba the military cooperation between France and the CAR. This coop-
eration is expected to undergo new developments in the reasonably near future.
[Text] [Bangui Domestic Service in French 0600 CMT 10 Jul 86 AB] /12232

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10



Soweto Residents Report Deaths. in Rent Clashes
(SAPA, 16 Jul 86)..cceceececcccccececerencersercereeeecs 79

Briefs
Job Creation Program 80

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Pik Botha's Stand on Sanctions Criticized
(John D'Oliveira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 6 Jul 86).........+-- 81

Business Executives Give Opinions on ANC, Mandela .
(Kitt Katzin; THE SUNDAY STAR, 6 Jul 86)...+.seeeessseee 83

Doctors' Report Calls for Release of All Jailed Children
(THE STAR, 7 Jul 86)... ccccccccnccecscceccccesconcsencs 85

Educator Says Lebanon Situation Possible
(SAPA, 14 Jul 86). .cerccccccesecccccccereecceeeeeceseces 87

Commentary Decries Media Portrayal of Country
(Johannesburg International Service, 17 Jul 86).......+. 88

PFP Reacts to Ambassador's Comments on Free Press
(David Braun; THE STAR, 4 Jul 86).....ccceecncccccenees . 89

Editor Says Road to Western Style Democracy Difficult But Possible
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 6 Jul 86).......ceceeeees eee 91

ANC Representatives Visit Portuguese Women's Group

(AFRICA HOJE, No 12, May 86)...seccesceesceees 93
SAIRR Says Reforms Overshadowed by Economic, Political Instability

(Colleen Ryan; THE STAR, 9 Jul 86).. seen 94
SAPOA Says Reef To Bear Brunt of Urban Influx

(Winnie Graham; THE STAR, 5 Jul 86)......cceceeeees 96
Commentary on Zambia's, Zimbabwe's Call for Sanctions

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 11 Jul 86)......... 97

Commentary on Plan for Black Education Unrest
(Johannesburg International Service, 10 Jul 86)......... 99

Commentary Stresses Black Economic Advancement
(Johannesburg International Service, 11 Jul 86)......... 100

Vista University Campuses Not Closed

(SAPA, 14 Jul 86).. ccececccccoececese LOL



JPRS*SSA~86*083

5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DEBT CRISIS, LOCUSTS, DROUGHT PUT FARMERS ON BRINK OF RUIN

Debt Soars

Johannesburg THE SUN in English 5 Jul 86 p 4

[Article by Andrew Beattie]
[Text]

HALF of South Africa’s farmers are on
the brink of financial ruin as their collec-
tive debt soars above Ri1,2 billion —
more than last year’s gross agricultural
income. And the figure is rising daily with
little hope of it being reduced. .

Crippling interest rates, rising costs of: ma-
chinery and the continuing drought were the
main problems, said Dr Koos du Toit, chief
economist for the South African Agricultural
Union. which represents the bulk of South
Africa’s 67 000 farmers. :

In 1976 the debt burden of farmers was ,
R2 300 million. Since then debts have soared. The
latest figures are dated at December 31 and ac-
cording to Dr du Toit: “One can assume it is even
higher at this stage...”

Total capital assets in the agricultural sector are
R43 billion. Last year's gross farm income was
R9,7 billion. Total interest payable for last year
was R698 million, with the result
that the net farming income was
R229.4 million.

“If you analyse the situation you
can see that although the debt is a
substantial amount, it indicates that
farmers are making a desperate at-
tempt to repay, and are struggling = -
with subnormal crops,” said Dr Du Toit. High inter-
est rates and dependence on production credit
for planting new crops were also problems.

The Department of Agriculture estimates that
maize production will be around 7,8 million tons,
compared to 7,6 million tons last year.

But production in one of the most important
areas, the Western Transvaal, will probably decline
this year. Forecasts for Northern Transvaal and
the Northern Free State are also less favourable.

106

Wheat-growing areas-as well as sheep grazing
areas in the Northern Cape had been seriously
affected by locust swarms, said Dr Du Toit.

‘A breakdown of the Ri1,2-billion debt shows the
‘Land Bank has claims of R2 338 million, the com-
mercial sector R3 498 million, agricultural co-ops
R2739 million, the Agricultural Credit and Land
Tenure Board is owed R549,2 million, private fi-
nancial organisations. R792 million, other institu-
tions Ri 000 million, and private individuals
R240,5 million. .

“We are very worried about the ability of farm-

ers to repay the commercial banks. Money owed to
the Land Bank is mainly in long-term debts and not
so much to worry about, but the commercial banks
and co-ops play a major role in the farmers’ debt
problem,” said Dr Du Toit.

The SAAU says stopping the financial aid ex-
tended by Government to farmers would lead to an
end in self-sufficiency in food production and result
in a steady depopulation of rural areas. Six million
black people who live on the farmlands would
probably also be forced to migrate to the cities.

Although the Government has warned farmers
that they can no longer expect to be paid fixed
prices to cover production costs, the SAAU coun-
tered by saying farmers who controlled the boards
would only change if the average farmer realised
he could no longer expect higher prices.

According to the deputy Director-General of the
Department of Agricultural Economics, Mr Harry
’ Hattingh, 30 percent of farmers produced 75 per-
_ Cent of all agricultural products. This was because
they owned 75 percent of all. resources. Further-
more 6 percent of farmers provided 40 percent of
all products because they owned more than half
, of all agricultural land.

if Mr Mike Tarr, the Progressive Federal Party's
agriculture spokesman and a former lecturer on
agricultural economics, has said that high prices do



HARARE FIRM ASSEMBLES DIGITAL METERS

Harare THE HERALD (Business Herald) 3 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by David Masunda]

[Text]

A RELATIVELY ‘new Harare
company, Rent-A-Set, has started
assembling digital muttimeters
under Licence from Japan's Datchl.
Managing dircctor Mr Georgé
Moyo this week showed Business
Herald o batch of digital mutti-
meters, which arc used to test
electrical equipment, which the
company assembled inst week.
The company was formed in

19274

cso: 3400/252

1980 but only managed to get
foreign currency to import the
components Inst yeat. Assembling
started last week.

Mr Moyo snid mont of the elec-
tronic and electrient testing equip-
ment used in this country was
beng imported. Kent-A-Set almed
to satisfy this local market. first
before going into exports.

Ho said: “The local market 1s
very big and growing bigger a5

65

JPRS*SSA-86~083

5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

Zimbabwe gcta more technologi-
cally advanced.”

* Rent-A-Set would soon start
assembling oscilloscopes __ under
cence from Tatwan’s YFE and
then move into other testing
equipment such ag audio and RF
signal generators.

‘Mr: Moyo, a UK and USA-
trained electronics engineer,
trained all the staff employed by
the company. Rent-A-Set also re-
pairs TVs and radios.



JPRS*SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

KNA TO COOPERATE WITH XINHUA--Nairobi, 4 Jul-~Kenya and China have agreed to
increase their news exchange network through their respective official news
agencies as a step to avoid relying heavily on Western news agencies. The
agreement, which strengthened the already existing good relations between

KNA in the Chinese mass media to inform Chinese people of the development
Kenya was making instead of using news from other news agencies which were

eens distorted, [Excerpt] (Nairobi KNA in English 1435 cmr 4 Jul 86 EA]
6662

CSO: 3400/222

20



JPRS+SSA7867083
5 August 1986

ANGOLA

NEW COFFEE-MARKETING ENTERPRISE BEGINS OPERATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Apr 86 p 2

[Text] Uije--An enterprise which will market coffee (UIJEMEX) was inaugurated
recently in this province by the minister of state for the productive sector,
Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem (Loy), a member of the Political Bureau of the
Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party.

The inauguration of the UIJEMEX enterprise, which will engage in the marketing
and direct export of what is produced by individual coffee growers, coincided
with the first coffee-marketing campaign in the Commander Dangereux-Banza
Quinguangua political sector.

In launching the activities of the UIJEMEX officially, the minister of state
for the productive sector examined and approved Invoice No 1, for 1,740
kilograms of coffee (at 30 kwanzas per kilogram), in the name of Manuel Felix.

Meanwhile, during the first coffee~marketing effort, the enterprise purchased
about 200,050 tons of Mabuba coffee, initiating a process which is expected to
be steady and dynamic from now on.

In a gesture of gratitude for this decisive step forward in the economic life
of the RPA, the peasants in the Commander Dangereux political sector expressed
their satisfaction with the party and the government, which selected this
political sector for the first systematic coffee-marketing campaign.

The peasants in that sector also indicated their understanding of the
difficult economic stage through which the country is passing, and they
stressed their determination to contribute through even greater participation
by their associations in order to minimize the decline in prices of crude oil
on the international market.

The Commander Dangereux sector is making a great effort to implement the
guidelines of the party concerning the broad mass movement in the rural area,
and the results achieved thus far are without a doubt positive, along with the
normal work the sector has done in the cultivation of such products as
peanuts, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, beans and corn.



People's Republic of Mozambique; the deepening of bilateral interest areas
in commerce and services (products, trade balance, compensation, and others) ;
and the optimization, through alternative analysis, of the training of
Mozambican cadres.

Other initiatives include the creation. of a commission to coordinate the
functioning of Portuguese enterpreneurs in the People's Republic of Mozambique;
the agreement obtained on working forms for continuing contacts leading to
technical professional training; and the selection of a staff to support the
CCPM representative in the People's Republic of Mozambique.

According to the CCPM delegation, the results obtained during this visit
largely surpassed the planned objectives. In other words, what we accomplishd
will have a very strong influence on what we will do in the future. Dr Paulo
Sande says that CCPM will work on other means for strengthening the Mozambican
component in CCPM, as well as on the development of an information system
about Mozambique in Portugal, with support from Mozambican technicians who
travel there for business and from the Mozambican embassy.

Furthermore, the announced participation of CCPM in the next FACIM and the
motivating effect this might have on Portuguese companies are especially
looked forward to.

CCPM will also continue to develop other activities normal for an association
of its kind, such as lunches and dinners for exchange of information on
relations between the two countries. In addition, it is thought that event-—
ually a Chamber delegation could be opened in northern Portugal, where many
companies of that country are concentrated. In the long run, everything will
depend on the success of current acts, Dr. Sande said, emphasizing that CCPM
defends the principle that everything that is done must be done well.

"The development of economic relations with Mozambique is essential for
Portugal," our interviewee stated further, emphasizing that it is significant
that his country has the greatest number of companies operating in Mozanbique,
for, he said, "we bet on this place."

The CCPM delegation said that it had had a very favorable reception by
Mozambican authorities. Among important contacts made in Maputo were these
with the Ministry of Commerce and of Industry and Energy, the governor of the
bank of Mozambique, the president of the executive council of the city of
Maputo, and the secretaries of state for technical and professional instruc—
tion, for light and food industries, and for agricultural hydraulics.

The president of the Mozambique Chamber of Commerce emphasized, on the other
hand, that the latter office is willing to support BBPM. Speaking at a
cocktail party offered by CCPM to Mozambican enterpreneurs and departments,
Americo Magaia announced the coming signing of a cooperation agreement
between the two chambers which will be a basis for their future relations.
The Mozambique Chamber of Commerce already has agreements of this kind
signed with more than 15 similar organizations in various countries (including
the Portugal Institute for Foreign Trade), and its president therefore
guarantees that there is no intention to give privileges to the Portugal-
Mozambique. Chamber of Commerce.

13165/9435

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25



JPRS«SSA*86+083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SAIRR SAYS REFORMS OVERSHADOWED BY ECONOMIC, POLITICAL INSTABILITY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jul. 86 p 17
[Article by Colleen Ryan}

{Text ] “The Government has enacted its most the signing of two controversial secu-

<significant reforms in the past three
months, but these have been oversha-
‘dowed by economic problems and po-
‘litical instabilty, culminating in the
declaration of the state of emergen-

‘his is the finding of the Quarterly
“Céuntdown report of the South Afri-
“ean Institute of Race Relations. The
sfeport was released today.

‘The report lists a number of posi-

stive developments, but says “all of
this was overshadowed by continuing
‘economic recession, intensifying po-
litical violence, culminating in the
‘rdimposition of a state of emergency
+6f June 12”.
' Other problems are “growing inter-
‘ational pressure and resurgent
White right-wing reaction which in-
cluded the breaking up of National
Party meetings”. .

Highlights in recent months include
the abolition of pass laws, some free-
hold rights for blacks, restoration of.
citizenship to many black South Afri-'
cans, uniform identity documents, the
opening of central business districts
and the reprieve of Duncan Village,
which had been threatened with re-
moval.

“In addition, fully multiracial ex-
ecutive government was instituted at
provincial level, though on a nomin-
ated basis only. At the same time,
however, the Government continued
with its programme of phasing in ra-
cially-based ‘own affairs’ administra-
tion.” :

The study contains a “regression;
report” — and at the top of this list is

94

‘ity laws by the State President after
jthese had been rejected by the Houses
of Delegates and of Representatives.

! The report lists a number of re-
‘form developments, but most of these
j have qualifications:
,@The abolition of influx control,
which is seen as the most important
reform since World War 2. But, says
the report, thie introduction of mea-
sures to combat disorderly squatting,
slums and health hazards give the.
Government unacceptably wide
powers; e .
@ The publication of the National
Council Bill, an interim measure to
give blacks a say at central govern-
ment level; :
@The kwaZulu-Natal indaba which
"had been held to negotiate joint gov-
ernment for the area as well as the
introduction of a kwaZulu-Natal Bill
to Parliament. A major setback to
the initiative is the Government’s re-
cent dismissal of a number of New
Republic Party members from the
Natal executive council;
@ An important development at local
government level is the call by a
-number of communities to establish
multiracial local government. Calls
for multiracial councils have come
from George, Pietermaritzburg,
‘Sandton and Stanger. However, the
Government's determination to press
ahead with the imposition of Region-
al Services Councils had once again
shown its commitment to racial sepa-
ration at this level;

@ While many black South Africans



SJPRS“SSA*86*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EDUCATOR SAYS LEBANON SITUATION POSSIBLE
MB140516 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2202 GMT 14 Jul 86

[Text] Cape Town, July 14, SAPA--The South African Political situation could
well deteriorate to a Lebanon or northern Ireland type of violent confronta-
tion, Dr Neville Alexander a leading educationist said tonight.

He said "calculated slaying" of collaborators of about 200 individuals by
political activists had inspired "awe" and led to the serious questioning of
the policy of non-collaboration.

He was speaking on the topic "Aspects of Non-collaboration in the Western
Cape 1943 to 1963."

The lecture is part of the Western Cape Roots and Realities conference being
held at the University of Cape Town this week.

Despite the fact that this policy had given rise to either "revulsion,
indifference, or exhaltation," it still had the potential for creative poli-
tical developments in the "liberation struggle," he said.

He defined non-collaboration as a cause of action whereby the "oppressed
people refused to work the instruments of their own oppression."

The recent developments at KIC and Crossroads, where several people had been
killed, could only be described as a disasterous development in the "libera-
tion struggle" in South Africa.

He said certain people who were armed never realised that the other side
could also be armed.

The lecture was attended by more than 250 people.

"Today, the policy and ethos of non-collaboration is so integral to our
struggle for national liberation and emancipation that any hint, even of
talks with the present government, raises the political temperature parti-
cularly of the black youth and of organised black workers," he said.

/6662
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87



"We have a great deal of coffee on the plantations, and it must all be
marketed, so that we can make our contribution to the resolution of the
present situation of economic crisis caused by the drop in the prices of crude
oil," a coffee grower told the members of the delegation most
enthusiastically.

He added that the work being done by the peasants must not be concealed, so
that they will feel encouraged to increase production and productivity.

The minister of state for the productive sector described this development as
of the greatest socioeconomic importance to the life of the country, because
it marks the culmination of a whole campaign which has been pursued in order
to encourage the production of an important item, one of the main assets of
the province of Uije and an important factor in the balance of payments of the
RPA.

“Angolan coffee is a product which is processed here in the country and one
from which all of us profit. Because of the great increase in the price on
the international market, it may provide a possible way to offset the current
decline in the price of oil, which has created great difficulties in terms of
the country's balance of payments," Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem emphasized.

This member of the political bureau of the party stressed that the effort
under way for some years now to provide a formal structure for dealing with
coffee problems is now bearing fruit, thanks to the constant concern of the
leaders of the party. Despite the difficulties of various sorts encountered,
it can be said that coffee has always been the focus of their concern.

Minister Loy said that for a certain time it was not possible to resolve some
of the basic problems in the development of coffee cultivation, since the
party leadership has to date been allocating priority to the economic
development of the country.

He termed coffee one of the most important products, such that it is necessary
to create the mechanisms and conditions required to overcome the difficulties
involved in the broad participation of the people's masses and to proceed to
the subsequent channeling of the product to international markets.

“In this spirit," the minister of state went on to say, “an additional effort
can now be seen to be developing in the province of Uije, and it is beginning
to yield fruit." He gave assurance that the central leadership of the party
and the government will continue to devote the necessary effort to supporting
the work being developed, in order to provide real encouragement for the
peasants’ efforts to increase the coffee production areas.

He said the every avenue should be pursued to provide the province of Uije
with the needed resources in order to make improvement in the quality of the
work and the profits possible, to the benefit not only of the province but the
whole of the country as well.

Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem confirmed that there is a great deal of coffee in
Uije, contrary to various rumors which have been circulated. He gave



JPRS*SSA*8E*083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC REPRESENTATIVES VISIT PORTUGUESE WOMEN'S GROUP
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese No 12, May 86 p 18

[Text] "This spring in Portugal will not be like others. This sunny spring,
words and tears replaces solidarity against one of the greatest crimes against
humanity: the existence of apartheid."

With these words, the Portuguese Women's Democratic Movement (MDM) began the
salute to two African National Congress (ANC) directors from South Africa who
were in Portugal last month. Invited by MDM, Hilda Bernstein and Susan
Mnuanzana came to Portugal above all to get support for an international
boycott capable of isolating the Republic of South Africa.

In addition to a public solidarity session, in which a motion was approved
to repudiate the Portuguese government's attitude at the United Nations
when it voted against "sanctions against Pretoria, against support for South
African liberation movements, and against calling a world conference on
sanctions against the South African regime," the ANC directors, through MDM,
requested an audience with Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, who claimed an
over-full agenda in order not to receive them.

On the other hand, they were received by the Parliamentary Commission on
Foreign Affairs and Women's Conditions of the Republic's Legislative Assembly.
"I felt outraged," Hilda Bernstein exclaimed in reaction to the position of
some of the members of the Foreign Affairs Commission which, according to

MDM director, Fernanda Mateus, was "an undignified and even provocative
behavior, especially on the part of the Social Democratic Party." The ANC
directors were really "amazed" at the fact that the Portuguese government
claimed to be "safeguarding the interests of millions of Portuguese residents
in South Africa" in order to vote with the minority at the UN.

Nevertheless, Fernanda Mateus told us, the visit had some positive aspects,
there having been even "a certain indignation that the Portuguese government
had voted against the sanctions." Let it be on record that some Portuguese
residents of South Africa with whom we spoke confirmed that a great part of
the Portuguese community adopted South African nationality and that young
Portuguese descendants are even drafted into the South African Armed Forces.
They said they scarcely missed Portugal, which never gave them any
opportunity, except enough to come see relatives (especially on Madeira,
where many originated).

13165/9435

CSO: 3442/246 93



The last possibility is that these leaders do not expect South Africa to take
any action that would affect them, even if they succeeded. in their campaign.
If so, it would be better for them to hope that Sir Geoffrey does manage to
protect them from themselves.

If sanctions do succeed in damaging economic activity in South Africa it is
going to take active steps to ensure that the least possible harm befalls its
own people, inevitably the effect of such a concentration of resources would
be felt disproportionately in southern African countries that now benefit from
those resoruces being more generally available.

To the extent that there was some leeway in such a situation for South Africa to
offer its neighbours protection, it would have to be discriminating in doing
so.

Natrually it would do what it could for those countries that had been supportive
in trying to prevent sanctions. Others would have to manage as best they could.
There would certainly be no sympathy wasted on governments that had been in the
forefront of the sanctions clamor.

/12232
CSO: 3400/274

98



the communities produce the food through their own effort but with technical
advice from Agritex. This promotes cultivation of such foods as groundnuts,
beans and vegetables especially for young children.

It also increases community awareness of their nutritional problems and the
causes, thereby enabling the inclusion of nutrition on the agenda for develop-
ment.

Last week in one instance of the need for increased supplementary feeding
programme, the acting district nursing officer for Kariba, Sister Bakasa,

said despite the drought relief programme in Omay, "I can confidently say that,
given that, adults and children display frightening nutrition levels."

19274
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61



JPRS*SSA+86+083
5 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDED TO EXPLOIT COAL REGION IN ZAMBEZI VALLEY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 27 Jun 86 p 3

[Text]

ONCE the Zimbabwe Govern-
ment has set up a road infrastruc-
ture in the Zambezi Valley, Rio
‘Tinto could proceed with a multi-
n dollar project to mine the
special low-sulphur and low-
phosphate coal ‘which is present-
ly being imported from South
Africa — at about $11 million an-
nually including transport costs.

‘The government has set up a four-
member interministerial committee
to study the feasibility of the project,
and a Swedish company is present-
ly working on the design of the
road, said the managing director of
Rio Projects, Mr Frederich
Bohmke. this week.

In an interview with the Gazette,
he said various tests had revealed
that in the Zambezi Valley the
Sengwe area alone had at least 200
million tons of open-castable coal
which could be used to manufacture
ammonia and could also be deve-
loped into a liquid fuel. However,
because of the lack of development
in the area, the state would have to
set up the necessary access infras-
tructure before Rio Rinto could em-
bark on such a project.

‘The Sencol project. as it is
known, was first considered 12
years ago when Empress Mine had
a coal requirement for smelting
nickel copper, and a fot of drilling
was done around the Gokwe area
where vast coal reserves were found
buried bencath unconsolidated rock.

Subsequently. further drilling was
carried out in the Zambezi Valley
‘on the basis of information received

19274
CSO: 3400/252

(on various water boreholes that had
been dritled in the area. More coal
reserves were found in 1975 in the
area cast of Siyabuwa and further
south in the Simchembu area.

SIGNIFICANT

“We began to appreciate that the
“overy of the coal was important *

was low-sulphur and open-
castable. This was also a significant
discovery because even at that time ”
the country was not able to meet all
the varieties of coal requirements
from Wankic.

“Between 1974 and now we have
been engaged in various feasibility +
studies towards promoting the utili- ,
sation pf the coal from Sengwa.

“*Besides the potential of being
able to mine cheap coal, there is the
agricultural potential of the area for
crops such as cotton. There is also
the tourist potential of the game '
parks and access to the central
shores of Lake Kariba. But until a
road infrastructure is set up, noth-
ing can really be done in the area, }

“We have been trying to bring to
the attention of both the former and -
the present government planners, |
the necessity of building a road, and ;
maybe later a rail track, into the | |
area,"" he told the Gazette. , :

The company has spent *‘a con-
siderable amount of money" on.
drilling and the construction of tem-
porary roads into the arca for bring-
ing out bulk samples for test’!
purposes.

“To my knowledge the govern-
ment is now working on this and the ,
‘Swedish are working on the design |

67

of the road. I suppose in'the course
of time there will be a road, but the
matter has been under consideration
for 12 years now." :

Mr Bohmke said Zimbabwe did
not have an enormous market for
coal. and until such time as the Mu-
tare to Beira rail link was fully oy
ational, one could not really think
about export markets.

But, he said, with 80% of the

| country’s population destined for

‘employment in the agricultural sec-
tor, it was clear that the country had
a substantial market’ for fertiliser.
Ammonia, whi one of the most

- appropriate utilisations of low-

sulphur coal, could be used as a
nitrogenous fertiliser. He said the
idca of manufacturing a liquid fuel
from coal, such as diesel or
methanol had also been looked into
but had been temporarily shelved
dué to current

“The combination, therefore, of
a liquid fuel and ammonia plant on
our coal resources could be in the
best long-term interests of
Zimbabwe.

Exports would not be a major
itisation of the coal. Providing it
is not excessively more expensive
to manufacture the ammonia ratl
than to buy it from elsewhere, over
year perio there would be a
significant saving to the country.

“We certainly would be prepared
to put up the mine but the state has.
to set up the infrastructure. Until
then we cannot contemplate any
Projects to substitute for current im-
ports,”” he said.



France's minister for foreign aid, Michel Aurillac, said on a recent visit to
Chad that Paris supported the cotton industry in its former colony, but also
wanted to see a greater diversity of crops.

France has funded extensions to the research station at Bebedjia near here so
that it can carry out experiments on varieties of rice, groundnuts, maize and
beans which can resist the vagaries of the local climate.

/12232
CSO: 3400/262

12



/13104
cso:

3400/270

stood to regain their citizenship in
terms of the South African Citizen-
ship Act, “the implications of the Act:
are that not all Africans eligible to
regain their South African citizenship
will-do so.” :
The report says illiterate people will
be at a great disadvantage because
most people had to make written ap-
plication to regain their lost status.

95



Government authorities have not opened up any investigation into the actions
of the political police nor into the circumstances of the five prisoners’
deaths. Officially Guinea-Bissau has only recognized the deaths of four pris-
oners, not having released the news of the funeral of Colonel Foreh Na Bitna.
The political police has always attributed the death of the prisoners to sick-
ness, but independent sources in Bissau point to torture and prison conditions
as causes.

The "iangue-iangue" Pretext

Since November, in several public speeches, Nino Vieira has announced that
Paulo Correia would be put to death by firing squad, as Guinean law provides
for, should the military tribunal make that decision.

This week the president of Guinea-Bissau convoked the members of the military
tribunal--a theoretically independent body--to the Presidential Palace alleged-
ly to reprimand them for releasing information about the commencement of the
sentencing, which was divulged from the ANOP office.

The ANOP delegate, who does not personally know any of the members of this ex-
traordinary body, has been expelled as a consequence of that news, for having
refused to furnish Guinean authorities with the sources of information.

The political atmosphere in Bissau is one of silence and fear among Guineans,
who avoid making any statements critical of the regime.

There is a wave of repression currently underway that involves police persecu-
tion of members of the so-called "iangue-iangue" religious sect, whose expan-
sion Nino Vieira also attributes to Paulo Correia. Under this pretext future
followers of Paulo Correia are being arrested in Catio, Bafata, Gabu and Nhacra.

A daily feeling of insecurity and fear is prevalent in Bissau.

The arbitrary actions of the political police are constant, violating the mini-
mal rights and guarantees of the citizens.

The case of Commerce Minister Mario Cabral is typical of these indiscriminate
police actions, detained "for inquiries", he was later freed because, as Nino
Vieira said, a "mistake" had been involved. The commerce minister has not yet
returned to his ministry, keeping himself closed up in his house.

The "Cancan" Case

Nino Vieira has been successively arresting his friends: Paulo Correia, Aris-
tides Menezes (who has been connected to a corruption case), members of his
personal guard and ex-comrades-in-arms who with Nino toppled the regime of
Luis Cabral.

One of the latest to be arrested is President Nino Vieira's press secretary,
the journalist Cancan, who now is accused of involvement in the Paulo Correia
case, of curruption in a fishing incident in Las Palmas, of "selling informa
tion to the enemy," and of concealing information on corruption in the investi-
gation commission that was appointed to carry out the investigations and of
which he was one of the most important members.

17



* Unemployment —
27.0 per cent
* Inflation — 18.7 per
cent.
* Raw materials scar-
city 18.3 per cent
* Crime — 14.2 per
cent
* Poor infrastructure
— 12.8 per cent
*  Indiscipline/corrup-
tion — 9.0 per cent.
Respondents’ reactions to
some Federal Government
economic measures
Respondents are of the
view that the following
incasures are absolutely
necessary to bring about
rapid recovery:
* Ban on food imports
— 29.0 per cent.
+ Privatisation — 22.6
per cent
* Sourcing for raw ma-
serials — 18.7 per cent
* Economic
2mergency ~— 14.4 per
cent

* Others — 15.3 per

cent.

Significant number of
the respondents feel that
the following measures
are not necessary:

* 30 per cent on all
imports — 41.0 per cent

* embargo on price in-
creases — 26.9 per cent

* change of school
year — 13.7 per cent

* others =. 18.4 per
cent.

Respondents’ reaction to

IMF Loan

* 66.7 per cent of the
respondents do not want
the Federal Government
re-consider its position on
the IMF loan.

23.3 per cent of those
who want the Federal
Government to re-
negotiate the IMF loan
want the Federal Govern-

13104
CSO: 3400/142

ment to apply the IMF
conditionalities in order to
take the loan.

100 per cent of those
who objected to the re-
negotiations want the
economic _ emergency
period extended.

Areas where the Federal
Government should con
centrate on

* solving unemploy-
ment — 26.4 per cent

* Providing healthy
investment climate | —
21.6 per cent

* Reduce inflation —
18.2 per cert

* Provide adequate
import licences ~ 12.0 per
cent.

* Fight corruption —
9.8 per cent

* Others — 15.0 per
cent, _

Respondents’ future
expectations

* Marginal prospects
envisaged — 47.0 per cent

_* Economic uncertain-
ties — 40.0 per cent

* High prospects en-
visaged — 13.0 per cent.

MAJOR FINDINGS

Significant number of
the respondents, 53.3 per
cent have not observed
any positive changes in
the economy since the
1986 budget proposal has
been released and econo-
mic measures implemen-
ted.

Significant number of
the respondents support
the Federal Government
economic measures in the
areas of:

Import ban/restrictions;

Privatisation;

Local raw materials
sourcing and

Economic emergency

iod,

The least supported

46

areas are:
On the 30 per cnt levy
on all imports because it

should not have been

levied across the board.
Instead, capital goods
should have . been
exempted and that the
failure of the Federal
Government to realise
this has created an in-
direct dis-incentive tu
investment;

Embargo on price in-
creases not desirable in
view of the rate of infla-
tion and

Income remittance for
foreigners not necessary
in view of the fact that
knowledge and expertise
could not be dispensed
with at the level of deve-
lopment. i,

Significant number of
the respondents are not in
favour of the re
negotiation with the IMF
and would rather prefer
the Federal Government
to extend the emergency
period or look inward for
possible solutions to the
economic problems.

Although, majority of
the respondents want the
Federal Government to
concentrate its efforts by
reducing inflation rate
and unemployment, pro-
viding healthy invest-
ment climate and
adequate import licences
and fighting corruption,
they are of the view that
these priorities could not
be taken in isolation and
efforts should therefore be
intensified on all fronts.

Overall, significant
number of the respon-
dents though, wary of the
future of the economy but
believe that the country
has a bright prospect.



JPRS«SSA*86+083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EDITOR SAYS ROAD TO WESTERN STYLE DEMOCRACY DIFFICULT BUT POSSIBLE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 6 Jul 86 p 1

[Commentary by David Carte, BUSINESS TIMES Editor]

[Text]

t is no coincidence that nearly all the

world’s democracies are rich.

It is largely wealth that distinguishes the First World
from the Third.

Only when one is well fed, clothed and sheltered and does
not have to shoot to survive can one worry about a neigh-
dour and:his rights,

The delicate liberal sensibilities so evident in the West
today are mostly the product of relative wealth and phys-
ical security achieved over the centuries.

Tn a battle for su self-interest and the law of the
jungle prevail. Might is right and moralists do not have a
chance.

The democracies arrived at their present happy state
after 2000 years and innumerable wars.

The prosperity of most democracies
came from shameless exploitation of colo-
nies, slaves and indigenous populations.

Those who live in rich democracies toda’
are no more than fortunate inheritors, Wit
their borders mostly closed to the poor of
other nations, they are closed clubs, their
exclusivity ensured by nticlear weapons.
‘They have no right to feel self-righteous or
morally superior,

Not even the newest of the great democ-

ies, Japan and West Germany, are sclf-
They are the beneficiaries of su-
premely generous American aid after the
Second World War.

Newsweek magazine may expect it, but
Third World nations will not arrive at de-
overnight.
perity makes for Gemocracy and de-

y makes for prosperity. The two
feed on each other.

Unfortunately, for most of its 300 years,
heterogeneous South Africa has been too
poor to he truly democratic. Such democra-
cy as exists here is a legacy. a sort of cast-
off, of ovr wealthy colonial master for
years, Great Britain.

There has been some highly concentrated
wealth since the discovery of gold and dia-

91

monds more than a century ago. It is prob-
ably thanks to those minerals that the frail
democratic plant lives at all.

Until 1948, the British siphoned off as
much of SA's wealth as they could. Then it
was the turn of the Afrikaner to tax and
spend on his upliftment — opera houses and
all — instead of on an impoverished black
community.

Now the Afrikaner is urbanised, educated
and prosperous, and is becoming more of a
democrat, more prepared to consider re-
form. The evidence is there in this week’s
Unisa study.

ust as we appear to be getting some-
where along the tortuous road to democra-
cy, we have a horrendous recession. Coinci-
dentally a morally superior West threatens
us with sanctions,

If the world gocs ahead, as the Unisa
study makes clear, a million jobs will be
lost — most of them black — bringing black
unemployment up to 32%.



the city of Beira, which included a descripyion of the main activities
carried out by the party and the state.

The report also emphasized the successes achieved by the defense and security
forces, as well as the population in general, in combating armed banditry, and
it also discussed the shortages of clothing and food.

In one of the documents presented in the course of the work session, it was
noted that the responsibilities of the city of Beira include guaranteeing
economic development in the various activities pursued there, above all the
giant railroad network.

The report further noted that the importance of the city is due to the
services it renders not only to the provinces in the center of the country,
but to the interior regions as well,

Bo atari HAS

The document further added that at the present time, the Beira City Committee
has, in all of the productive and social sectors, 603 cells, 157 of them in
enterprises, factories and departments, as well as a circle committee in the
CFM-Center enterprise.

Economic Sector

In connection with plans in the economic sphere, the document said that in
order to make improved agriculture possible, a number of projects have been
drafted in the city. Outstanding among them is that for soil drainage, which
includes the construction, repair and cleaning of drains and ditches (about 7
kilometers done) and the subdivision, in a first phase, of 2,000 hectares (of
which 122 hectares has been completed), with the work being done by the
peasants of Macurungo.

As the report emphasized, this project will take 4 years. It was launched
last year and will last until 1989. It is being financed by the MONAP-1 and
also by our country. It further inetutes a sopprefect calling for technical
farm aid for the Experimental Rice Station, aid in providing water equipment
to the farmers and the purchase of farm equipment.

Another project of which we were informed is that in support of women in the
green zones, health, education, agriculture and the OMM. This is a joint
project involving four districts selectedfor the purpose of assisting women
to increase farm production. This project, which will last 3 years, is being
financed by the UNICEF, with a contribution, of 7,000 contos in foreign
exchange, and by the government of. Sofala, to the extent of 18,000 contos.

Moreover, in order to learn about all the activities being carried out in the
city of Beira, the governor of Sofala began on Wednesday paying working visits
in various sectors of activity.

Day before yesterday morning, Francisco Masquil paid visits to the command
posts of the military garrison, the people's militia and the People's Police
of Mozambique, among other military units. He also visited the district of
Ndunga. His schedule of visits will continue until the 21st of the month.

29



JPRSassa
August 1986

GHANA

BRIEFS

ALIENS CONTROL TIMBER SECTOR--A survey conducted by GBC [Ghana Boradcasting
Corporation] news has shown that in spite of PNDC Law 116 which prevents aliens
from the retailing under the new investment code, the timber retail trade is
solidly controlled by aliens. The survey also shows that these foreign nation—
als have adopted a new way of naturalizing by pretending to be married to
Ghanaian women even though the law regarding naturalization has been suspended
with the coming into force of new investment code. In an interview, the chair-
man of the Timber Market Retail Traders Association, Mr Ismail Ollenu, said
these aliens pay no regard at all the the PNDC.law. Mr Ollenu said unless
steps are taken by the law enforcement agencies to ensure stricter compliance,
there aliens will still dominate the retail sector of the economy. He said
some of these aliens go to the extent of influencing the police and some sol~
diers in order to flout the law. Mr Ollenu appealed to the government to sup-
port the efforts of the association to eliminate all aliens from the retail
sector of the economy. It is understood that the CDR [Committee for the
Defense of the Revolution] of the timber market has made several appeals to
the office of the political counselor without any result so far. [Text]

[Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 10 Jul 86 AB] /12232

CSO: 3400/263

13

“86-083


spRS*SS
5 Augus

ZIMBABWE

CGPA CONGRESS ADDRESSES SANCTIONS, LESSENING DEPENDENCE ON RSA

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 86 p 1

[Text]

THE outgoing chatrman -

of the Commerelal Grain
Producers’
Mr Bud Whitaker, yester-
day said sanctions
against South — Africa
could deliver the “coup de
grace on the whole re-
gion” if the international
conmiuntty did not get
“its act together”, .

Addressing the associa-
tion's annual congress In
Harare, he said the as-
sociation looked to coun-
tries claiming to help the
region help itself, partic-
ularly those with “so cal-
led “policies” on South
Africa, to evaluate more
carefully the country's
interpretation of what
those policies actually
were and where they
were leading.

“It is no food telling us
they are willing to apply
preseure to change the
direction of South Afrl-
can polities if we can
perceive they don’t really
mean it, beesuse -~ and
this-ja the vital point —-
we can only believe. it
when we see positive sup-
port - for actively con-
structing and co-opera-
ting on an alternative
ontiet to the sca,” Mr
Whitaker told farmers,

He seid he fully sup-

Association, *

‘ported ‘the Government's
preoccupation with the
potential of Mozambique.
Nationnlisation or — the

Government participation |

in’ businesses which were

already subject! to control |

by legisiatton was not
vital and these could be
left to private capital to
develop.

Using taxpayers’ funds
and Government capital
sparingly, with an eye to
the future was what was
required, he said.

“The East Coast of
Africa has too few ports
to sustain the increased
population forecast and
we should be establishing

at least two new ports '

now in cur zephn if we
are -to become a © pro-
sperous socicty.

“That prosperity will
depend on our ability to
trade. Beira, being as
close to Harare as is

Bulawayo, must be our’
logical first target.” said

; Mr Whitaker.
The foundation of Zim-
babwe's long ~- term

strategy was a sound ,
«production bare and to:

uild on that the follow-
ing four cornerstones
were needed:

;@ To maintain a correct
economic environment for
production. ~

Sound Production Base Needed

@ To have the ability to
export and trade sur-
pluses.

@ To have producers
grow crops on a viable
basis.

@ To have a developed
,and adequate infrastruc-
ture.

He said none of these
should. be allowed to fall
as it would ‘upset the
whole set-up.

On the first — cor-
nerstone, he said there
was need to- look fer
markets elsewhere. Maize
earned the country more
than $80 million last year
and saved the country
$450 million in foreign
currency in the landed
cost substitution terms.

“The simplest way for

the Government to realise
its Five-Year National
Development Plan would
be to pay sufficient to
the productive sectors of
the rural economy,”. said
Mr Whitaker.
"He added that mize
had undoubtedly —_con-
tributed more to the
national economy and
rural earnings than any
other commodity. It also
had the untque attribute
that it could be eaten as
well as exported.

lle said maintenance of the correct economic environment came from the top and
therefore he appealed to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet as policy-makers
to bear in mind that food had to be harvested economically.

57

Ae86°083
t 1986



Keeping it cool

THE GOLD mining industry relies
heavily on refrigeration plants to cre-
ate a suitable environment for work-
ers in the deeper levels. Some of these
chilled water plants have been in-
stalled on the surface, others are lo,
cated in rock chambers underground!

Harmony in the Orange Free State
has commissioned the country’s first
major ice plant at Merriespruit’s No 1
shaft. This area generates a large
amount of hot fissure water which
flows to the Harmony area, adding
heat to the ventilation air all the way.
This water is now pumped to Merrie-
spruit's No 1 shaft where it is dis-

charged into an underground dam.
Ice from the new plant is discharged
into this dam to cool the water.

The ice plant, erected on surface,
has a capacity of 1000 tons to 1300
tons of ice per day. Mine water is used
for ice making. The ice reaches the
underground workings via a pipe
where it cools the dam water from
32°C to 35°C. It is probably the
largest ice plant in the world.

Extensive tests at an ERPM pilot
plant confirmed the use of ice as a
primary coolant.

Ventilation |
AT LORAINE in the Orange Free

Technology Developed Locally

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Jun 86 p 7

[Article by Peter Holz]

{Text]

BETWEEN 1884 and the end of
1985 SA produced 40250 tons of
ine gold, after treating 4,3-mil-
lion tons of gold-bearing ore. This
vast amount of fine gold, about
2 085m’ of it, would fit into a cube

less than 13m long, 13m wide, and .

12m high.

Millions of men have laboured for a
century to produce this block, valued
at It79,1bn at the present gold price.

The early miners on the Witwaters-

rand and further afield in Barberton :

and Pilgrims Rest toiled with such
unsophisticated mining equipment as
picks, shovels and wheelbarrows.

In later years, steam assisted the
miner who employed small boilers to

drive equipment such as stamp mills -

and small mine hoists. Drilling was
carried out by means of 4lb hammers
and stcel chisels. The jackhammer
was yet to appear upon the mining
scene.

In some mines the “hammer boy”
was still hard at work until the early
Thirties, He and the stamp mill, the
steam hoist and the tailings wheel are
now part of SA’s colourful mining

st.
Petodat the SA gold mining industry
can look back with pride on a century

of progress and in no area is this more :
evident than in the sphere of techni-
cal achievement. The industry is very -

much hi-tech today, much of it (if not

Republic.

. Slower pace

Mechanisation in gold mines has
becn at a slower pace than that
achieved in the coal mining industry
and for many decades, stopes in gold
mines were drilled with jackham-
mers.

After charging up and blasting, the

most of it) developed right here in the

“ore and waste rock were shovelled by

hand into cocopans which were then

hand trammed to shaft bottom. In

most mines today, much of the hard

work has been eliminated by utilising *
scrapers, ore passes and diesel or

electric locos pulling trains of hop-

pers. .

Recently, a number of mines such
as Randfontein Estates, Western
Deep Levels and Vaal Reefs have
embarked on a programme of track-
less mining in wide reefs. .

By definition, trackless mining is
the ‘substitution of tracks, locomo-
tives and rail cars underground by
rubber tyred equipment to tram reef .
and waste. ~ : ‘

Trackless mining includes the use
of load haul dump units (LHDs) within
the stope instead of scraper or gulley
winches. Also included in the track-
less mining layout are single or.
multi-boom hydraulic drill rigs in-
stead of pneumatic and hydraulic

110

IPRS*SSA~86*083
5 August 1986

State, a new system of recirculating
mine ventilation air has recently
proved to be both practical and safe,

‘The system aids cooling by divert-

; ing a portion of ventilation air back

into the workings. This reduces the
size and cost of the main ventilation
fans, lowers electricity consumption
‘and reduces production delays since
itisa technique which can be speedily
implemented.

The Chamber of Mines Research
Organisation believes the new system
should cut down on the amount of
costly ventilation shafts and airways
tunnels which are usually excavated
to create a suitable underground en-
vironment for the miner.

hand-held drills. !

In the context of SA gold mining,
trackless mining involves conversion
from highly labour intensive mining
methods to more capital intensive
methods with the potential benefits of
lower operating costs, greater flexi-
biity and better grade control.

Safety is also improved, particular-
ly within the stopes, on declines, hau-
apes: and at srizzleys. In addition to
all this, trackless mining creates job
opportunities for a more skilled type
of labour in the categories of equip-
ment operators, artisans, servicemen
and shift operators.

Although the decision to convert to
trackless mining is primarily one of
economics, geological and operation-
al constraint may prevent mechani-
sation within certain gold mines or
mining sections. As far as geological’
constraints are concerned, the dip of
the reef is critical to the extent that
mechanised equipment can only ne-
gotiate gradients to a certain limit.
This limit is about 11°.

There are mines where the ree!
dips 90°, ie vertically, in places. Ant
there are reefs which have been over-
turned, so lying at an angle in excess
of 90°. The old Cornish miners re-
ferred to such reefs ag “steeper than

-vertical”.

The thickness of the reef is also
important since LHDs have height
limitations. Another consideration is



Commentary Says ANC Has No Chance of Seizing Power
(Johannesburg International Service, 14 Jul 86)..

Briefs
Statistics on White Wages
UCASA Restructured

ECONOMIC

\

Government Boost to Northern Transvaal Experiences Delays
(Dirk Nei; THE STAR, 7 Jul 86)....

Minister Comments on Wheat Sale From U.S.
(SAPA, 10 Jul 86).......ccccccccccececeecs

Debt Crisis, Locusts, Drought Put Farmers on Brink of Ruin
(THE SUN, 5 Jul 86; THE STAR, 5 Jul 86).

Debt Soars, by Andrew Beattie
Latest Locust Invasion, by Andrew Beattie
Seed Mix-Up, by Gary van Staden

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

/12223

Technological Achievements of Mining Industry Reviewed
(BUSINESS DAY, 27 Jun 86)..

Gold Mining
Technology Developed Locally, by Peter Holz
Deeper, Safer Mining, by Arnold Van Huysteen

102

103
103

104

105

106

106
107
107

109

109
110
111



PFP REACTS TO ANBASSADOR'S COMMENTS ON FREE PRESS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 86 p 11

{Article by David Braun]

CAPE TOWN — Opposition politicians have objected to the
[Text] recent statement by South African Ambassador to London
Dr Denis Worrall that, apart from the emergency regula-

tions, the Press is free.

Dr Worrall told the British House of Commons Foreign Affairs
Select Committee this week that Press restrictions related only to
the emergency and the handling of the emergency.

For the rest, the Press is able to report on developments in the
country and there is a vigorous political debate going on now.

Progressive Federal Party spokesman on Information Mr Peter
Soal takes a different view: Dr Worrall has not told the whole

story.

A respected South African editor once compared editing a
newspaper in this country with walking across a minefield blind-

folded.

We do have a vigorous Press, but that is in spite of all the
restrictions placed on it by legislation passed by the National

Party, he said.

Professor Nic Olivier, the PFP’s research director, in a paper on
legislative and other provisions affecting the Press and Press free-
dom in South Africa, lists dozens of measures which have added to

the newspaper minefield.

Many controls on the contents of newspapers are found in other

countries which claim a free Press.

These include laws which affect the publishing of indecent or
obscene material; common law principles relating to defamation,
the publication of blasphemous matter, invasion of privacy, con-
tempt of court or Parliament; restrictions under the Protection of
‘Information ‘Act (formerly Official Secrets Act); the protection of
children; misleading advertiseme.ts; the publishing of results of
opinion polls within a certain period before elections.

However, South African editors must also watch for pitfalls
which are contained in the Prisons Act, the Commissions Act, the
Defence Act, the laws affecting armaments development and pro--
duction and the procurement of certain national supplies, the Inter-
nal Security Act (including a host of measures aimed at the pub-
lishing of information on affected and banned organisations), the
Inquests Act, the Petroleum Products Amendment Act, and the

Police Act.

@ In terms of the Prisons Act there are strict prohibitions on the
sketching and photographing of prisons and prisoners and the buri-
al of executed people, and the publishing of such sketches or photo-
graphs (except in certain specified circumstances).

No newspaper may publish any information concerning’ the be-

89

JPRS SSA-86 0983
August 199¢

SOUTH AFRICA



With a sawmill and its own carpentry workshops, the enterprise helps alleviate
the problem of furniture for the school.

The livestock-raising activities are encountering the greatest problems. In
the specific case of hog raising, there are serious difficulties related to
the facilities and feeding the animals.

There are currently 116 head of cattle, and the problems in this sector are
related to the age of the herd, which urgently needs to be renewed. Given the
advanced age of the animals, there is also a problem of infertility with some
cows.

The enterprise's only profitable activity. is poultry raising. This branch has
2,500 laying hens, which produce enough to supply the IAC and other sectors
related to education, such as households and boarders in the city of Chimoio.

The enterprise also has 327 ducks and 54 rabbits, all raised for the use of
the school.

As an additional activity, the IAC enterprise also is involved in apiculture
and last year it produced 150 liters of honey.

Another extracurricular activity is making bricks to build improved housing for

the employees of the agrarian enterprise. Last year, the enterprise produced
1,600 bricks.

9805
CSO: 3442/244

34



SAPOA SAYS REEF TO BEAR BRUNT OF URBAN INFLUX

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 86 p 14

[Article by Winnie Graham]

[Text]

‘The dismantling of influx con-
trol, expected to pose “mind-
boggling problems” for environ-
mental planners, will be felt
miore keenly on the Reef where
more blacks will settle than at 1
coastal centres, according to Mr
James Croswell, chairman of
the South African Propert:
Owners Association's (SAPOA)
housing matters committee.

He was commenting on re-
ports from a conservation con-
ference in Namibia this week’
when Dr Alan Heydorn, an ad-
viser to the South African Coun-
cil for Environment, said the
urban influx to coastal. areas
would present massive pressure
on the environment, especially
on the Cape Flats where the «
need to house an additional
750 000 people over the next dec-.
ade would make it an “ecologi-
cal crisis zone”. ‘

Mr Croswell, however, be-,
lieves the real threat on en-
vironmental pressure will be
felt “a great deal more inland”.

Ne said: “Major low-cost

19274
cso: 3400/258

housing developments will! be-
come dominant in inland areas
close to industrial centres. Ob-
viously certain pockets will de-
velop round Port Elizabeth’ —

but only if the car industry:

emerges from the doldrums”.

. He pointed out the Govern-*

ment is attempting to protect
the coastal environment by im-
posing a ban on porperty de-

velopment within 500m of the ,

high-tide coastline.

“Although SAPOA welcomes’
Government concern over the.
preservation of the coastal ecol-.
ogy it hopes the Act will not be-
come an added excuse for extra,
red-tape to, deter or ensnarl ur-;
gently required low-cost housing
developments.” :

He said SAPOA had suggested *

that instead of a blanket ban on
all coastal developments, a per-
mit for development be issued

subject to the compliance of’
conditions set down by the En-:

vironmental Impact Assessment
body.”

Mr Croswell, a leading South
African civil engineer involved

96

gpRseSSA~867083
5 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

in township development for the
“private sector, said the majority
of township developments along
the coast were small-scale as
they were aimed at the upper
; Middle income group planning
: to retire along the coast.

Ecologists at the Namibia
conference’ also expressed con~
icern that the: Kuils River was
now carrying more water, in the
form. of recycled sewage from
the Cape Flats settlements, than
it was evolved to.

Mr Croswell believes the
problem will be short-lived.

He said: “As water becomes
an ever rare commodity fin
South Africa, it will be recycléd
for human use rather than Be-
come an effluent to be washed
away by rivers. Cape Flats sew-
age will be transformed into
drinking water as is now the
case in Windhoek and many
other parts of the globe”.

He said excessive effluents
now swelling rivers would soon
cease to be a problem as local
research is afoot to turn effluent
to useful purpose. .



JPRSSSA=86+083
5 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

EX-POLICEMAN SENTENCED--The People's Court of the City of Maputo yesterday con-
victed citizen Valentim Estevao Nhacale, a former member of the People's Police
Force of Mozambique, to 4 years of prison and 15 lashes for illegal possession
of a firearm and ammunition. At the same titie,’ the’ court acquitted co-defend-
ant Carlos Mavulule, a member of the PPM, for lack of evidence to substantiate
his guilt. According to the 10th District of the People's Court of the City
of Maputo, the defendant Valentim Estevao Nhacale was found to be in illegal
possession of a firearm which, pursuant to his statements when he was arrested,
he intended to sell to a citizen of South Africa for 500 rands at the Namaache
border. The court further found that Valentim Estevao Nhacale, arrested by
the SNASP at the Namaacha border as he was proceeding with the illegal sale

of the arm in question, accused his friend Carlos Mavulule, a PPM agent, of
having given him the weapon. Because of the insufficient evidence proving his
guilt, the People's Court of the City of Maputo acquitted co-defendant Carlos
Mavulule, and convicted Valentim Estevao Nhacale to 2 years of prison and 24
months of a 50,000 meticals daily fine, to be converted into an equal number
of months in prison. [Test] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Jun 86 p 8]

9805

ALGERIAN DONATION FOR CHILDREN--The Algerian Embassy in our country donated
1,000 kg of enriched powdered milk to the Pediatric Services of Maputo Central
Hospital. The Algerian ambassador to our country, Bereksi Amele, presented
the gift yesterday in Maputo at a ceremony held in the hospital. The director
of Pediatric Services at Maputo Central Hospital, Maria Helena Ferreira, re-
ceived the donation toward improving the nutrition of children who are pa-
tients there. Speaking during the ceremony, the Algerian ambassador expressed
his pleasure at making this donation which, as he said, testifies to the close
relations of friendship and solidarity uniting the people of the two countries.
Bereksi Amele highlighted the fact that the donation is being presented during
the week devoted to peace and the environment, both essential conditions for
the future happiness and healthy development of children. The director of
HCM's Pediatric Services in turn thanked the Algerian people for their gesture
of solidarity and said that it was very important for children's diets and
that it could be used for emergency programs. The Algerian ambassador pro-
mised further support for children in the pediatrics ward of Central Hospital,
saying: "The next time I will bring educational materials and toys for the
children." Attending the ceremony to present the donation were National Direc-
tor of Social Action Joana Mangueria, Nicaraguan Ambassador to Mozambique Nore
Mecfield, and workers from the Pediatrics Service of Maputo Central Hospital.
The photograph shows the Algerian Ambassador Bereksi Amele presenting the gift.
[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Jun 86 p 2] 9805

37