ment Corporation (Enok)
is the sole sharcholder in
Swakor and that all shares
in Bnok are held by the

Mr Johan Lerm of Enok,
and one of the directors of
Swakor, told The Adver-
tiser that as far as the gas-
field’ was . concerned,
Swakor -was the licence
holder and Soekor the con-
cession holder. In terms of
this Soekor could “exploit”
the area, but “nothing can
actually happen without
the OK of the Swakor
Board”.

As far as benefits were

concerned, Mr Lerm said’

“that will be negotiated but
we will gét something out
of it”.

spokesman told The
Advertiser that as they had
mining rights they would
produce the gas: but pay
taxes to the government

concerned. This was con- -

firmed at the time by a
local Swakor director.

At the NEF meeting,
however, Dr Jones, also a
Swakor director, stréssed
Namibia would benefit ful-
ly from the gasfield but did
not elaborate,

Partly because of the
history surrounding the
gasfield, where a strike was
made in 1974, many local
businessmen and _politi-

3400/633

cians remain non-believers,
DELAY

‘Newspaper - reports ‘at

the time of the strike in-

:dicated Soekor was going

to continue with explora-
tions to determine the size
of the “large gasfield” im-
minently.

And then nothing more
was apparently heard until
the announcement that the
SA Department of Foreign
Affairs had given the go-
ahead on the development
of the gasfield. To all in-
tents and purposes it

looked as if SA had ar-

bitrarily held back develop-
ment of the gasfield,

* At the NEF meeting Mr
Lang said as far as he
knew : “no-one in this
country knew ‘what was
going on with the exc

of the Minister of Foreign
Affairs”.

He maintained the mat-
ter of the oil deposit had
been handled on a
ministerial level by the

“Ministry of Foreign Af-

fairs.

“All the negotiations and
all the. actual. work .was
done .by Soekor (for
Swakot),” he said. “They
also signed an agreement
with Chevron and Regent
(the original shareholders)
and as far as I know
Swakor never received a
copy of that agreement.”

54

He believed the AG now
had a copy.

REASON

The initial report in The.
Sunday Times quoted a
Foreign Affairs spokesman
as saying development of
the gasfield had not been
considered earlier —_ for
political reasons.

On the other hand, Dr
Jones advanced, as a possi-
ble reason, the lack of ap-
propriate technology at the
time as well as the fact that

_oil was being looked for

and not gas. Another fac-
tor was the cost of drilling.

Sunday’s report in Rap-
port said it is speculated
that the Kudu  gasfield
could supply 40 to 50% of
SA’s fuel requirements “if
the product was -tran-,
sported directly to the.
refineries in Cape Town”.:

However, the ‘report
notes “there is some hesita-
tion about the profitable in-
vestment of money to
develop the field as South
West may one day become
independent.”

It was also indicated in
an SABC report this week
by the Director-General of
Mineral and Energy Af-
fairs, Dr Louw Alberts,
that feasibility studies were
being carried out on three
Possible processes’ by’
which “fuel can be ob-
tained for.SA”. The report
said he believed the studies
would be successful.


POLITICS PROFESSOR TOLD TO RESIGN

Durban DAILY NEWS in English 24 Jan 85 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

3400/626

MBABANE: Swaziland
University Professor
John Daniel, head of the
department of political
studies, has been asked
to resign, possibly be-
cause of what the auth-
orities say is his stu-
dents’ “unhealthy preoc-
cupation with the ANC”.

The request was
made yesterday by the
University Council
which also asked Assis-
tant Registrar Chief
Dambuza Lukhele for
his resignation.

Sources at the univer-
sity said the council
gave no official reason
for the request.

However, a report
published this month on
disturbances and activi-
ties at the university,
said that students had
“an unhealthy preoccu-
pation with the aims,

118

objectives and philoso-
phies of the African Na-
tional Congress.”

Prof Daniel was re-«

ported to have told the
commission which
wrote the report that
the students in his de-

partment did have a.

particular interest in de-
velopments in South
Africa because of that
‘country’s proximity.

There is speculation
here that the authorities
held Prof Daniel respon-
sible for the students’
active interest in the
ANC.

Chief Lukhele was asked
for his resignation al-
though he was detained
under the 60-day deten-
tion laws two years ago.
No reasons were given
for his detention.

It is not clear why

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SWAZILAND


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

KENYA

STUDENTS EXPLOIT BOYCOTT AMID THREATS OF EXAMINATION LOCKOUT

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 8 Feb 85 pp 1, 32

[Article by Emman Omari]

[Text]

NAIROBI University
students, who con-
tinue boycotting lec-
tures may not be
allowed to sit examina-
_ tions, -the students
were warned yesterday
shortly after ten of
them were arrested for
driving out in a univer-
_ Sity, Land” Rover
without authority.

The vice-chancellor,
Prof. Joseph * Maina
~-Mungai,: warned that the
continued boycott .of. lec-
(tures by: students may af-

ect admission to universi-.

5 ty’s examination.

students. was purely on the
Land Rover iticident Reg. No.
KRP 146 and had nothing to
do with the boycott. The ar-
rested students may appear in

, court to answer charges.
Earlier in the morning,-the
students had resolved, at a
Kamukunji (mecting) to use
university vehicles to go to
constituent ‘campuses to per-
* suade other students to sup-

CSO; 3400/658

‘However the arrest of the 10

| garage and forced atte

‘surrender the. ignition

Tefused. “The
_ Students forced their way, and
took the Land Rover on which
they - “used unorthodox

. Methods to start'the ‘engine.
‘Other students; meanwhile

demanded that they "bé ad-

dressed by the vice-chancellor

or the Minister for Education,

Science and Technology,
” Prof. Jonathan Ng’eno. °

“By 1 p.m. a notice from the
vice-chancellor, :had Leen
pinned on the nafice. board

» outside.

It contained a statement,
which was read on the Voice
of Kenya radio, reminding all

. students, that hat tee students,
: been expelled from
. ind ora been ‘were contraven-
ing the 1 the University Act, lh
Those expelled are Julius
Mwandawiro Mganga,. a
postgraduate student and the
former student leader, Philip
x yp and Karimi Nauti,
the statement: “‘Accor-
pen their continued
. presence at the university of
“Nairobi premises and any

20

but.the security t

the great court-and ©

+ meetings organised and/or ad-

* dressed by’them vis in ‘con-
+-travention of the provisions of *
“the University of Nairobi

Artie ‘statement. said. the
parents of the .affected
students had beén informed of
ithe reasons leading to their

gies .
reminded other five’
$ tudes that their continued’
“Presence at the university was
legal . following — the
drawal ofthe <govern- .

‘s sponsorship.
The five are ’Gacheche
y Miano, Zachariah O.K. On-
* dieki,. John Gupta Thiong’o,
# Athanasio Opondo .and Mar-
tin Okumu.
The student boycott entered
-its second. day .yesterday
;: following the University
: Council’s decision .
Tuesday. ‘
But the Chiromo campus
: students, who had taken part
in their examinations, had
«agreed to sit for the remaining

At the morning’s
" the students resolved to con-
_ duct a harambee to enable the -
‘eight students to seek a court
injunction ‘against the
expulsions.



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
ov [Excerpt] in the first line of cach item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
eles, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, i€ applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
{nformation Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
UL Li issued by the Superintendent of
er cinting Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RUSTENBERG PLATINUM MINE~-Johannesburg Consolidated Investments’ giant
Rustenburg Platinum Mine, which straddles the border between South Africa
and Bophuthatswana, has found itself torn between two diverging labour systems.
The mine's anomalous situation came to the fore this week when it signed a
recognition agreement with the black :Federated Mining Union (FMU), which is
based in South Africa. The agreement covers the mine's approximately 4 500
black surface workers on the South African side of a border which zig zags
arbitrarily past shafts and living quarters. On the Bophuthatswana side,
the FMU is banned in terms of the territory's Industrial Conciliation Act.
Four of Rustenburg's shafts are in South Africa, while two and the main ad-
ministration buildings are in Bophuthatswana. Underground, the workings
weave back and forth across the border and signs have been put up to inform
miners when they are entering or leaving Bophuthatswana. Thus, while it

has been relatively easy to establish which workers can belong to the FMU on
the surface, no criterion has yet been established for those working under-
ground. RPM's consulting engineer, Mr Bruce Sutherland, said the company was
waiting for the authorities to agree on whether the actual point of work or
the location of the shaft where staff went down should determine whether a
worker was in South Africa. On the Bophuthatswana side, RPM has been ap-
proached for access rights by the Bophuthatswana National Union of Mine Em-
ployees (Bonume), a union set up in the wake of the territory's new labour
laws. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Feb 85 p 2]

NEIGHBORING ECONOMIES--South Africa's neighbours face a "discouraging" time
in trying to rejuvenate their economies, says the executive director of the
Manpower and Management Foundation of Southern Africa, Mr John Burns. World
trade has declined in recent years through falling demand for developing
countries' primary products and commodities, either through synthetic substi-
tution or increased production in dndustrialised countries. Mr Burns told a
meeting in Pietersburg: "This picture of world trade, coupled with Western
disillusionment regarding aid to the Third World, is not a good background on
which to build a resilient South African economy to interact profitably with
the rest of the world." He said SA could help its neighbours both through
its own efforts and by channelling aid from other sources, "Perhaps the pri-
mary role for SA in the economic development of Southern Africa is to make
its sophisticated banking and financial systems, its well-established commun-
ications infrastructure and its technology and other expertise available to

114


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

pending the take-off of the livestock development scheme. Dr. Spiff said
that each school leaver would begin his farming career on an initial one-
hectare which would eventually be increased to a maximum of five hectares,
adding that. a monthly allowance of between N60 and N100 would be paid to each
farmer until he began to harvest his crops. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in
English 22 Jan 85 p 13]

IMPROVEMENT IN NAVAL TRAINING--PLANS are afoot to improve the facilities for
physical training in the Nigerian Navy. Navy top brass, Captain Godwin
Ndubisi Kanu, revealed this plan on Friday while reviewing the passing-out
parade of the 12 batch of trainees at the Basic Seamanship Training School in
Port-Harcourt, Rivera State. [Excerpt] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 15 Jan
85 p 1)

TIGA DAM DRYING UP--THE general manager of the Kano/Hadejia River Basin and
Rural Development Authority, Alhaji Ahmadu Rufai, has said in Kano that the
authority stopped cultivation “during this dry season because the Tiga dam
which supplies it water was drying up." In a statement issued on Friday,
Alhaji Ahmadu said that the authority had alerted the Federal Government about
the "alarming situation. He said that the dam, which had a storage capacity
of 1,980 million cubic metres of water, had only 786 million cubic metres at
the end of last rainy season. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 15 Jan 85
p 1)

JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES' TREATMENT SCORED--SINCE the launching of the third phase
of the War Against Indiscipline (WAI) efforts have been made by government
officials to inculcate the spirit of patriotism and nationalism into the minds
of Nigerians by making them understand as well as sing the national anthem and
recite the pledge. Some state governors have gone a step further suspending
workers who could not sing the anthem until such a time they are able to do
so. And only recently, the Imo State Commissioner for Education, Professor
Afigbo ordered the expulsion of a pupil of the Jehovah's Witnesses faith for
failing to sing the national anthem and recite the pledge. The pupil had
failed to sing because it was against his faith but according to the commis-
sioner, the government was "not ready to compromise partiotism and nationalism
with religious fanaticism." It is against this background that this writer
would like to comment. Firstly, members of the Jehovah's Witnesses sect all
over the world have stated a number of times their stand on the issue of
national anthem. Even in some advanced countries where the flag is adored
like US, and UK, members of this sect have peacefully convinced their govern-
ments on why they do not sing the anthem. Secondly, patriotism and national-
ism should be more than mere ability to recite the national anthem and the
pledge. Majority of those persons who plunged the country into the present
economic disaster and now facing tribunal on recovery of public property would
readily sing the anthem if called upon to do so, yet they were callous enough
to milk dry the nation's economy. [Tony lshiekwelu] [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES
in English 15 Jan 85 p 14]

63



TEMBE CHIEF GIVEN R10,000 GIFT BY SWAZIS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 24 Jan 85 p 3

[Text]

THE explosive Ingwavuma land
deal issue surfaced again yester-
day with the disclosure of a
R10 000 gift from Swaziland to
the Chief of the Tembe tribe in
, North-east KwaZulu, Chief Mzim-
ba Tembe.

This follows an apology recent-
ly by Chief Tembe to Chief Man-
gosuthu Buthelezi, Chief Minister
of KwaZulu, for trying to lead his

people into a separate and inde--

pendent homeland. Chief Tembe
admitted he had been wooed by

- Swaziland and its officials.

* Yesterday’s disclosure was made
at a Press conference at Ulundi at-
tended by Chief Buthelezi and sev-
eral other KwaZulu Cabinet minis-
ters. Relating the events which led

CSO: 3400/626

to the disclosure, the magistrate of
Ingwavuma, Mr 1S. Mdlalose, said
Chief Tembe asked to see him at
his (Chief Tembe’s) home.

Chief Tembe then told him about
the R10000 cash given to him by
Mr Julius Mbuyisa and said he was
reluctant to keep it as he feared it
would get him into trouble.

Mr Mdlalose said Chief Tembe
had told him that initially he had
wanted to send the money back

‘— but was worried that it might

not reach Swaziland. So he decid-
ed to keep it.

Mr Tayson Mbuyiselo Dlamini
said Mr Mdlalose had told him
about the money and then asked

74

JPRS-SSA-85-020

13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

him to contact the Chief Minister.
When he failed to contact the Chief
Minister, Mr Dlamini then contact-
ed the King of the Zulus, King
Goodwill Zwelithini and asked him
to take the message to the Chief
Minister.

“We were still awaiting the Chief
Minister's decision but for the rea
son that Chief Tembe did not want
to keep the money, we decided to
take the money to Ulundi our-
selves,” he said.

Questioned about his role in the
deal, Mr Julius Mbuyisa, the Ing-
wavuma businessman sobbed while =
denying any knowledge of a plot —
but went on to ask forgiveness in
all he had done.

“I came here to have my name
cleared. All I have done had been
in deference to my chief,” said Mr
Mbuyisa.

However, Mr Mbuyisa later ad-
mitted to have accompanied Chief
Tembe to Ermelo, Piet Retief and
Pretoria — the various stages dur-
ing which the land deal plot was
hatched, culminating in the petition
asking South Africa to declare Ing-
wavuma a Thonga homeland.

At the Press conference, Chief
Buthelezi asked the acting head
of the KwaZulu Police, Colonel
S.M. Mathe, to open the parcel con-
taining the money, which was in
bundles of R10 and R20 notes,

Chief Buthelezi said he would
later meet his Cabinet’ and decide
what to do with the money.


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA

SPECIAL EEC AID FINALIZED

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jan 85 p 1

{Text ]
BRUSSELS: The European  prvided by the ten Member _faminein Africawas adopted
Commissionhasrecentlylaid states (Belgium, Denmark, at the of end 1984 by the
down the guidelines for the France, Germany, Greece, European Parliament. In this
special EEC programme to Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, text, Parliament, taking note
combat famine in Africa,as Netherlands, United Of as yet unused funds
decided in principle ba the, Kingdom), earmarked for emergency aid
Dublin Summit on 3 and 4 —__b)800 000tonneswillcome IN accordance with the
December 1984, according from the EEC as a whole, of _ Provisions of the second
to a despatch from EEC which 300.000 tonnes fall Lome Convention, asks that
delegate in Gaborone. within the context of the — this sum be used to supply
The Heads of Government normal foodaid programme, .@mergency aid to Africa
decided, in fact, that the and 500000 tonnes are before the Convention
Community and its Member additional. Thisalonewillcost @XPires. In addition, |
States should provide, up to around P216 million. Pulagg Parliament is calling for
the next harvest, 1,2 million million ‘will come from a, greater aid for the countries
tonnes of cereals (overall contribution from the Lome} !nvolved’ through’ non-
need estimated at 2 million I! Convention; P6 million will: 90vernment. organisations,
tonnes). After consultation betakenfromthe 1984 budget |. 8Nd greater efforts on the
with the Member States and credits for natural disasters, Part of the Commission to
evaluation of the planned P111 million will come from ®nsurethat theaidis reaching
national contributions, the transfer ofcreditsforthe 1984 those people who have been
details as decided by the budget, by spending as yet fected.
Commission are as foliows:- unused sums.
a) 400 000 tonnes willbe Meanwhile,aresolutionon _, In the case of Botswana
7 000° metric tons of EEC
donated maize which arrived
in mid 1984 will be followed
by another consignment of
4000 metric tons in the
coming months,
CSO: 3400/628

10


JPRS-SSA-85-~020
13 March 1985

ZAMBIA

TRADE UNIONS SEEK REDRESS OVER SUBSCRIPTION ISSUE
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 Jan 85 pl

[Text] THE Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) is to seek legal redress
against a move by the Government to revoke workers’ subscriptions to trade
unions whenever members stage strikes in future.

ZCTU general secretary Mr Newstead Zimba said in Kitwe yesterday that the
decision by the Minister of Labour and Social Services Mr Frederick Hapunda
announced in the Government Gazette at the weekend was illegal because only
the President was empowered to nullify an Act of Parliament.

At a Press briefing Mr Zimba charged that to revoke dues to unions because of
strikes contradicted the practices of the International Labour Organisation
(ILO) of which Zambia was a member.

He was reacting to the statutory instrument published in the special Govern-
ment Gazette on Sunday that under section 20 of the Industrial Relations Act
any deductions shall be revoked and become null and void "from the day when a
trade union for the benefit of which such an order is made, goes on an illegal
strike whether official or unofficial."

Mr Zimba said the minister did not understand the purpose and circumstances of
section 20 of the Industrial Relations Act which had nothing to do with the
conditions Mr Hapunda had "invented in his statutory instrument."

The union dues could only be revoked if the union had ceased to represent
sufficient members.

"The minister's decision is illegal, we will seek legal redress because

accepting the situation could subject the workers to the worst industrial
dictatorship in a democratic country.

“As a member of the United Nations, Zambia subscribes to article 8 of the
international covenants on human rights which entitles every worker the right
to trade union membership.

He said trade unions in Zambia had never created a national crisis to warrant
this treatment from the minister.

123



GROUP PLOTTING MILITARY VENTURE

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 12 Feb 85 ps

[Text]

HARARE: A group call-'
ing itself the Rhodesian !
Veterans’ Association
(RVA) has linked up with

: South Africa to plot the

military destabilisation
of Zimbabwe it has been
claimed here.

The Ziana news agen-
cy reporting an official
of the International So-
ciety for Strategic Stu-
dies (Africa) , said the
group included a number
of prominent former
Rhodesians, Former Sen-
ator Father Arthur
Lewis, a right-wing cler-
ic, and runaway Conser-
vative Alliance MP Mr
Denis Walker, are cited
as being members of the
RVA.

According to the so-
ciety, the RVA is on an
intensive campaign to
recruit mercenaries for
service in Southern Afri-
ca,

The directors of the
association are alleged
to be John Coleman and
Tim Carmody, both for-
mer soldiers with the
Rhodesian Light Infan-

CSO; 3400/653

try (RLD. The men are
said to have flown to
South Africa late last
year and held discussions
with Mr John Reid, of
the Border Development
Association. The Interna-
tional Society for Strate-
gic Studies (Africa)
claims that Mr Reid is a
“military specialist in

tion and Mr Reid’s or-

ganisation “conspired to ;
put. into operation” a

South Africa: Govern-
ment plan to finance a
“border development
scheme” said the news
agency report.

However, it claimed -

the scheme was a “South
African Government ef-

fort to threaten the Gov- ©

ernment of Zimbabwe
and terrorise Zim-
babwe’s black border
farms.

According to the In-
ternational Society for
Strategic Studies (Africa)
Father Lewis has been
contributing articles to

129

JPRS-SSA~85-920
13 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

the RVA’s newsletter in
which he urges members

- torecruit mercenaries to

join dissidents and “over-
throw the Mugabe Gov-
ernment”. .

Mr Denis Walker is al-
leged to be the associa-
tion’s London represen-
tative.

Another RVA mem-
ber, Mr Bob Holloway,
has developed a 762mm
combat rifle and hopes
to show it at the associa-
tion’s annual reunion in
London later this year,

according to the allega-

tions. A number of invi-

tations have been sent to

“prominent whites” in

babwe to attend the

reunion, Ziana reported

the Strategic Study So-
as say

Tis a a for-
mer American Vietnam
veteran, Mr Coleman,
served in the RLI from
deren just before in-

lence. A recipient
ofa umber of U8 i
tary decorations,
Teman

ed in a clash with gueril-
las while serving with
the RLL



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TWO OPPOSITION LEADERS OUTLINE THEIR EXPECTATIONS FOR NEW PARLIAMENT
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jan 85 p 19

[Text] J N Reddy Says:
We're Going"

"Get Rid of Our Blindfolds, So That We Know Where

CONSTITUTION must reflect fea-
tures of a country’s history, present
and future aspirations, and the com-
position of its society.

The 1983 Constitution only partially meets the
above requirements. What is significant, however,
is the fact that it is a departure from the Euro-
centric Westminster system, controlled entirely
by the white electorate. : H

The inclusion of the coloured and Indian com-
munities in the higher echelons of government is
but only a first step in shaping the destiny of
society. It would be naive to assume that we have
had the final word in constitution-making.

The flaws of the present constitution have been
amply discussed, but let me briefly reiterate
some of the weakness: it excludes the majority of
South Africans — the black people; it is racially
structured and entrenches racial classification;
and it entrenches white domination.

Participation in the constitutional process
must, however, be seen as a catalyst in creating
the policies and conditions which will overcome
inertia.

While the new Constitu-
tion ends a long period of
animosity and distrust be-
fween i e Afrikaans and

inglish-speaking groups,
the success of the efor
programme lies in co-
operation among the di-
verse groups in South
Africa.

Consensus and “partner-
ship” between the white
and black BroUups hold the
hope for a stable society.
Ideological extremism,
both on the far left and far
right, must be scaled down.

The long-term impor-
tance of consensus politics

is that it creates conditions
favourable for a new and
conciliatory approach to
the political aspirations of
‘all groups.

The 1983 Constitution
heralds the end of the poli-
tics of ideology. Apartheid
is an anachronistic rem-

. nant of a bygone era. Insti-

tutionalised discrimination
must be ended.

| The reform process

could be seriously under-
| mined unless we establish a
just society, in which all hu-
man elements which make
| up the South African com-

| mupity can be accommo- |

69



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

OIL PROSPECTING BEGINS IN EARNEST

KENYA

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 8 Feb 85 p 2 of the "Industrial Review"
Supplement

{Text ]

COMPANIES anxious to prospect for oil
in Kenya have been shuttling between
government ministries to put final
touches on their contracts in order to start

. work on some 260,000 square kilometres

in northern Kenya considered to be an oil
potential area. Some oil companies com-
menced preliminary exploration work at
the beginning of this year, and others are
said to be sending in telegrams of request
to the government. At least five blocks of
the ten defined blocks have received or
are under consideration for bidding by
foreign companies. Block 1 is still vacant,
but Block 2 is under negotiations for an
agreement in a joint venture between
Petro-Fina, a Belgian oil company and
Amoco International, an American mul-
tinational which has also signed an
exclusive exploration contract in Block
10. Amoco signed a contract to carry out
exploration in Block 10 on November 20
last year and the new petroleum (explora-
‘tion and production) act requires work to
‘start within two to three months from the
date ‘of signing. Consequently, Amoco
should commence ‘its initial work by
February 20, but it is understood that the

‘company is seeking clarification of some

clauses in the contract before actual work
begins. Although it has not started work,
officials of the ministry .of energy and
regional development have expressed
optimism in this area and it remains for
Amoco to prove them right.

Negotiations between the government
and Texaco, the third biggest oil company
in the world, are in advanced stages for
Block 3. Sources in the ministry said
signing of a contract could be within the
first half of this year. Actual work,
however, is going on in Block 4 under a
joint venture between the Kenya govern-

27

ment through its National Oil Corpora-
tion (NOC) and Petro-Canada, which
signed a contract in May 1984. Work
started in September last year with
seismic tests of a 1,200-km. stretch expec-
ted to cost about $9 million. The seismic
work is expected to be completed by the
end of March this year, but it will require
an additional six months'to interpret the
geological data. Accordingly, the explor-

.ing firm is under obligation to increase its

efficiency in covering the entire area and
to do it effectively because the money it
spends is at the company’s own risk and is
recoverable only. if exploitation takes
place. *°

Tn case of a commercial discovery, the
term of contract in respect of develop-
ment area is 26 years, after which the
government has the right to float the area
on the market, The burden in the contract:
lies heavily on the prospectors and it is up
to them (not the Kenya government) to
ensure that their investment does not go
down the drain. The investors agreement
ensures protection of the Kenyan industry
and the firms are under obligation to buy
and promote Kenya products. The con-
tracts spell out an emphasis on manpower
training which every firm is supposed to.
meet from the first year of commercial
development. Each firm is expected to
surrender to the treasury about $150,000,
and :$100,000 from the second year
onwards, towards manpower training; it
will be the responsibility of the govern-
ment to channel this fund to educational
training. It is expected that the two com-
panies will start development work of
drilling the first well in September this
year, in line with the work schedule con-
tained in their contract. If the two com-
panies strike oil in this block, it is expec-



VAIWAR FIRM TO SEY UP FACTORY IN RARSRET

Yort Elizabeth EVENING POST in Pnglish 28 Jan 85 p 2

[Article by Trevor Bisscker]

[feat]

cso:

3400/653

THE giant Tatung com-
pany in Taiwan is to estab-
lish an electronics and elec-
trical appliances factoty in
Transkei.

The project has been
stalled by the management
shake-up in the Transkei

velopment Corporation,
which will have a half-
share in the development.

“T cannot tell you more
at this stage,” Mr L C Chen,
a vice-president of the com-
pany, told me in Taipei,

“The new TDC manage-
ment will be coming here to
see us and settle the sched-

le.
“We were visited by the
Port Elizabeth party under
the Mayor, Mr Ivan Krige,
last November, but we ex-
plained to them that we are
committed to Transkei.”

The factory is expected
to produce light electrical
and electronic goods such
as radios and tape decks.

“We would also like to

make TV sets, but we un-
derstand there is some re-
striction on the number of
manufacturers allowed in
South Africa,” said Mr
Chen.

If the Transkei venture
proved successful and it
was decided to expand in
South Africa, Port Eliza-
beth would certainly be se-
riously considered as a fac-
tory site.

Mr Chen disclosed that
Lesotho’s sudden switch of
political stance on Taiwan,
when it opened diplomatic
ties with Red China, had
cost it the Tatung invest-
ment.

“The decision had al-
ready been taken to invest
in Lesotho when they sud-
denly changed their alle-
giance and cut us out,” said
Mr Chen.

The Tatung company has
16 factories in Taiwan and
trains its workers at its own
college — the Tatung Insti-
tute of Technology.

98

JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

LESOTHO

MEKALING ROAD CONSTRUCTION.
of 27 km of the Mohale's Hoek of Mckaling road, was concluded by the Min
of Works and the Delegation of the Commission of the Kuropean Comnunit 4
Maseru Jast week. According to an announcement from the ENC office in
Maseru, the contract involves the realignment and reconstruction of more than
half of the section of the southern perimeter highway from Mohale's Hock to
Quthing to butumised standard. The work includes the construction of a high
jevel bridge over the Maphutseng river to replace the present low level

ex ing often over-topped when the river is in flood. The contract has been
awarded to the British company of Rush and Tompkins. Under the terms of the
contract the work officially starts on Jan. 21 and is scheduled to he completed
within two years. ‘the funding of the contract. is in the form of a special loan
provided from the 2nd lome Convention. The Joan bears interest at the rate of
3/4% per annum payable within 40 ycars with a 10 year grace period. [ext]
[Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 4 Jan 85 p 1]

OPPOSITION KILLS NAYIONAL PARTY MEMBERS-~The Prime Minister Dr Leabua Jonathan
says reports have been received that subversive elements of the opposition have
killed some people in Butha-Buthe and burnt their houses. Addressing a pitso
at Ho Mokhoro in Leribe this weck he said these people are being killed simply
because they are members of the Lesotho National Party. We did not elaborate
further but said he wants the elections to be free, fair and peaceful. He said
the government will not sit back and watch these se s killings of innocent
people. Dr. Jonathan appealed to a1J in authority to help so that these crim
inals may desist from their acts of violence. [Text] [Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY
in Inglish 4 Jan 85 p 1]

AIRPORT PROJNCT NEAR END--In a short ceremony to mark the last stages of work
on the international Airport at Thota-Moli, the Minister of Transport pr
Kenneth Maphathe, poured the Jast. batch of concrete to top out the control

of the air port, this week. The project, due for complction in June this year
is at present 68% complete. The contractor for the work is Kier International
ltd of the United Kingdom. ‘The consultants arc Delcanda International 1d and
Acres International Ltd of Canada, in a <lation with Lesotho Consulting, En-
gineers, [Text] [Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in Inglish 11 Jan 85 p 1]

ADB LOAN--Lesotho is to get a loan of over M24 million from the African De-
velopment Bank (ADB) to put finishing touches to the international airport

34


CSO:

General Vatsa said before the
movement starts, all units of
federal ministries currently
operating in the territory would
return to their parent ministries
in Lagos,

He said those whose ministries
would be involved in the move-
ment to the new federal capital
would, however, be allowed to re-
main behind.

General Vatsa also announced
a minor re-organisation in the
schedule of duties of some of-
ficials in thé territory.

He said the managing director
of the Federal Capital Develop-
ment Authority: (FCDA) would
now devote most of his time to
supervision and co-ordination of
all technical operations in the ter-

3400/501

titory, while the administrative
and financial operations of the
territory would be the respon-
sibility of the permanent
secretary, Ministry of the
Federal Capital Territory.

He said all decisions on land
matters, including planning and
survey, would be taken by the
minister of the territory on the
recommendation of the inter-
departmental committee to be
established soon.

The committee which would
have members drawn from
various departments, would ad-
vise the minister on the planning,
development and administration
of land throughout:the territory,
he said.

59



JPRS-SSA-85~-020
13 March 1985

President said. Referring to shopkeepers in particular, President Mot noted
that although they kept such pistols to protect themselves, the same pistols
were used in tobberies against them, "Although you are Licensed to use such
pistols, < now order an immediate ban on such Licences," he said. ‘he Presi
dent said the measure was in the interest of peace, "because we fought for
independence to live in peace”, Stating that it would henceforth be illegal
for anybody to possess a toy pistol, President Moi said he would have the
ocder gazetted, [Excerpt] [Article by Dorothy Kweyu Munyakho] [Natrobt
SUNDAY NATION in Baglish 10 Feb 85 p 1]

YUGOSLAVIAN TRADE AGREEMENT DETAILED--Yugoslav investments in Kenya will soon
rise following the signing of trade agreements between Kenyan officials and a
Yugoslav trade mission which has been visiting different parts of the country.
According to the mission leader Mr. Ales Ilc, who is also the chairman of
Kovino Tehna and Mr, Pavle Grosselj, secretary general of the Yugoslav Con-
sortium for Economic Co-operation with East Africa, Yugoslav firms will under-
take joint-ventures in manufacturing for export food products like fruit
juices, instant coffee, fish meal, honey, bakery units and baby foods, The
processing of coconut fibre will also be undertaken on a large saate for ex-
port to Yugoslavia to be utilized for making car seats. The importing firm
in Yugoslavia is Europe's biggest manufacturer of car seats. According to
the Yugoslav officials, the coconut fibre project will employ an extra 3000
Kenyans when fully operational and will require little investment cost. The
Yugoslav officials, who were talking at a press conference in Nairobi accom-
panied by the Yugoslav ambassador to Kenya Mr, Zoran Zagar, said trade between
the two countries would also increase, [Text] (Article by James Tumusiiae]
(Nairobi, THE KENYA TIMES in English 1 Feb 85 p 8]

NEW AMBASSADORS WELCOMED--At another function, President Moi said Kenya would
like the African continent to be free of colonialism, oppression and every-
thing that undermine human dignity. He was receiving credentials from the
new ambassadors of Rumania and Bulgaria. The new ambassador of Rumania is

Mr. Gheorghe Manciu, while that of Bulgaria is Mr. Georgy Petrov Kassov. Wel-
coming the two envoys, President Moi emphasised Kenya's readiness to work with
the two countries towards achieving peace internationally. The Rumanian envoy
said the people of his country followed with great interest the efforts of
Kenyans under President Moi's leadership in achieving higher goals in econ-
omic, social and cultural development. The Bulgarian Ambassador said Kenya's
support of the struggle of the African peoples against colonialism and all
forms of racial discrimination caused a feeling of respect in Bulgaria, [Ex~
cerpts] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 2 Feb 85 p 16]

CSO: 3400/646

30


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

DROUCHT DESTROYS FOO) CROPS~-More than N1L.5 billion worth of food crops were
destroyed by drought in Kano State between 1983 and 1984, the state Commission-~
er for Agriculture, Alhaji Muhammadu Kazaure, said in Kano on Friday. The
commissioner told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that 2.3 million tonnes of
sorghum, millet, cowpeas and groundnuts were destroyed and the production

of some crops was reduced by about 60 per cent within the same period. He
said that about 20,000 head of cattle estimated at N1O willion died within

the period due to lack of grazing areas and water, but measures had been taken
to combat the drought. ‘These, he said, included afforestation to check desert
encroachment, the introduction of drought resistant and early maturing crops
and the construction of dams and borcholes. Alhaji Muhammadu also said that
the federal government had contributed N28.2 million to the state-owned agri~
cultural and rural development authority, since 1982 and that the state gov-
ernment had spent N8.3 million to fight the ravages of. drought. fe said that
13 dams with a total capacity of 522 million cubic metres had been constructed
to irrigate 7,000 hectares during the dry season and that the authority had
drilled 1,200 boreholes in crural areas, rehabilitated 4,000 wells and built
1,400 kilometres of feeder roads, [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English

28 Jan 85 p 3]

TRADITIONALISTS LGNORE LAND US DECREK--The "traditional people" tn the country
believe that land still belonged to them in spite of the land use decree, the
Rivers State Commissioner for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dr. Edward
Spiff, has said in Port Narcourt, Ue told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)
that the state government was making efforts to acquire Land for the current
school-to-Land programme. The commissioner said that the government had
solicited the co-operation of traditional. rulers and all concerned even though
it could acquize land compulsorily For any purpose. Dr. Spif€ said that it
was in the same spirit that the governor addressed chiefs in the state last
year on the issue of providing land for farming. We said that the government
would also use the abandoned farms, the new town sites proposed by the Oktlo
administration and the previously acquired government lands for the programme,
The commissioner said that the programme would exclude livestock production
until the Pabod Food Company was revived. Dr. Spiff said that the basic mater-
ials for Livestock farming would be supplied by the company when fully react t-
vated with the N4 million agricultural loan from the African Continental Bank
(ACB). Ue said that school, leavers, who would eventially be absorbed in the
eurrent school-to~land programme this year, would start with crop farming

62


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HI-TECH, AUTOMATION IMPACT ON JOBS EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jan 85 p 13

[Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

NE of the main prob-
lems that haunts the National Man-
power Commission is finding a com-
promise in the 20th century bat-
tle between manual labour and au-
tomation — a contest that, taken
to extremes, becomes “picks and
shovels versus the robots”.

The arguments about the wisdom
of favouring labour-intensity or cap-
ital-intensity in planning new indus-
trial strategies go on without pause,
‘especially in South Africa because
of its dismal productivity record
and chronic shortages of skilled la-
bour.

Dr Hennie Reynders, chairman of
the National Manpower Commis-
sion, concedes the answers are elu-
sive.

“Worldwide trends are proving
it’s nonsense to argue that high

technology..automatically means.

more unemployment misery”, he
says.

“Hi-tech has proved its capabi-
lity of creating more wealtl by
more efficiency — and more wealt
means more consumer demand,
which, in turn, keeps the production
tracks running faster. The benefits
can go on multiplying in a chain
reaction.

“The problem in South Africa is
that there have been too many
temptations in the form of tax con-
cessions to persuade industrial com-
panies to turn to capital-intense
projects, rather than depend on
manual labour.

“Endless shortages of skilled la-
bour have encouraged the trend.

“The tax benefits are now being

whittled down, but we need to strike

a fine balance in what de of
emphasis should be shared by la-
bour and capital

“In a world That insists on com-

petitiveness, you can’t turn the.

clock back once you have embarked
on hi-tech. That goes for South Afri-
ca in particular because of the high
priorities we must put on economic
growth to hold down unemploy-
ment.

“We need to find a balance —
and it’s impossible to find a simple
solution.”

One practical example that the
NMC“tays out is a proposal that
Government departments — setting
‘a pace for the private sector as
well — should insist, when tenders
are invited for new projects, such
as road construction or irrigation
projects, that competitors spell out
the cost and time variations of con-

tracts tackled by alternative ap-

proaches.

“Let’s take the example of ex-
tensive road repairs”, suggested one
official. “One competitor may pro-
pose to make extensive use of man-

ual labour — picks and shovels, if
you like.

“That may be acceptable in a re-
mote rural area on roads that are
little used. Inside and nearer the
towns, however, it may be neces-
sary to take into account the time it
will take and perhaps tremendous
‘problems with traffic flows.

“It may be better economic sense
to Py, a bit more for technology
and a faster job.

99



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ZAMBIA

PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES PRESS MANAGEMENT, CENSORSHIP
MB220730 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 22 Feb 85

[Text] A member of parliament has expressed concern at the apparent insecur-
ity of editors-in-chief at the TIMES OF ZAMBIA, since the party took over the
paper, charging that the situation has dampened the morale among staff.
Chifubu Member of Parliament Godrefy Simasiku said in parliament yesterday
that since National Holdings started running the paper in 1982, one editor~
in-chief had lost his job, and another had been demoted.

Mr Simasiku criticized the present arrangement under which the TIMES editor-
in-chief is answerable to the general manager of Print-Pak, saying it has
reduced its status, hence affecting its freedom. He said that editors-in-—
chief were answerable to the board of directors. The member, who was con-
tributing to the estimates of expenditure for the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting Services, said as a result of the unsatisfactory running of the
Paper, reputable people like Mr Vernon Mwaanga and Mr (John Nuskuma) had re-
signed from the TIMES Board of Directors, thereby depriving the paper of ex-
perienced hands.

Mr Simasiku said the frequent changes in the paper's editors had affected the
paper's prestige, adding that not long ago the TIMES ranked among the best
newspapers in Africa.

Contributing to the same debate, Mongu Member of Parliament Munukayumbwa

Sipalo challenged the minister of information and broadcasting services, Mr
Cosmas Chibanda, to come up with a policy statement on whether there is no’
veiled censorship of news in both country's newspapers and radio and television.

Mr Sipalo said he was convinced that news censorship was rife in Zambia, be-
cause certain statements made publicly by leaders did not appear in newspapers,
nor were heard on radio and television.

Mr Sipalo also called for improvement of transport allocations for journalists,
saying at the moment reporters had to walk long distances to collect news. He
also called for an improvement in the format of provincial newspapers, which
at the moment often carried stale news.

CSO; 3400/641
121



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

MOZAMB1 QUE

ANTIBANDITRY CAMPAIGN WAGED BY FPLM UNITS DESCRIBED
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 27 Jan 85 pp 8-13

[Article by Filipe Ribas: "Mobile Units Advance With Determination in the
Manhica Forests"]

[Text] Throughout the forests to the west of national Highway No 1 in the
district of Manhica, covering an area extending to the environs of Moamba,
young FAM [Armed Forces of Mozambique] soldiers are giving their best to
drive out the armed bandits who are terrorizing the population living there.
Mobile units in mixed battalions of our armed forces are continuously patrol-
ling the sometimes dense forests, always in pursuit of the constantly fleeing
enemy. On the long marches on which I accompanied these young men, I noted an
uncommon dedication, more than I had previously supposed, and an invincible
will to wage the battle against this cowardly enemy.

The knowledge that the enemy is constantly fleeing, avoiding a confrontation
with our forces at all costs, along with a realization of the crimes and the
barbarity the bandits leave behind them everywhere they go, lead the young
soldiers to feel, more than those of us who are mere observers, redoubled
hatred for those who disturb the peace in our country.

When I observed the combat readiness of these young men, it was hard for me to
believe that these were men joined together by the simple fact of military
incorporation. I never saw such a definite spirit of comradeship, profound
friendship, uprightness and a high sense of hierarchy in the units stationed
in Manhica as I saw in the mobile battalion.

In the mobile units, we met the officers who are assigned to missions often
full of risk, but who believe that they should not be entrusted to a simple
soldier. In the midst of the forest, on the night of 3 January, we met a
second lieutenant, alone, who was traveling a distance of about 12 kilometers
to carry an urgent message to another position, while at the same time he took
the opportunity to reconnoiter the zone. His colleagues simply call him
"lieutenant," and he is widely known for deeds of this sort. Bis colleagues
say that he has trained himself to handle a bazooka, precisely in order to be
able to travel more freely deep into the forest.

We also saw such examples among the captains, first lieutenants and officer
candidates who, faced with the need to traverse a certain zone regarded as

40


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORT ON SASOL PROFITS EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Feb 85 p 2

{Text ]

SASOL is faced with the prob-
Tem of trying to show that it is
not making exorbitant profits
at a time when the rest of the
country is being squeezed dry.

This is the comment of
stock broking firm, Fergusson
Bros, Hall, Stewart and Co,
which points out that the com-
pany is virtually unaffected
by the adjustment to the re-
tail prices of oil products be-
cause its own. income is relat-
ed to the preducer price of oil

, which, in turn, is a function of:

cso:

@ The international oil
price.

@ The rand dollar exchange
rate.
@The extent to which the
producer price has een subsi-
dised by withdrawals from he
now-depleted stabilisation
fund.

The firm’s report says the

3400/636

only direct effect of the retail

price adjustment relates to
the minor portion of the
gorup’s output that it markets
directly in finished product
form,

“But,” the firm stresses,
“this does not alter the fact
that Sasol must be benefiting
handsomely from the factors
responsible for the 40 percent
increase in the petrol price,

_-Which is in itself a reflection
“of the extent to which the pro-

ducer price of oil in South
Africa has risen as a result of
the collapse of the rand —
even after taking into the ac-
count the softness of interna-
tional oil prices per se.
Changes in the landed cost
of a barrel of oil have no di-
rect bearing on Sasol’s own
production costs of synfuel.
Yet what does have a direct

82

impact on profit margins is
Sasol’s ability to benefit from
these changes through corre-
sponding adjustments to its
own selling prices.

“Regrettably, though, with
all useful information on the
oil industry in South Africa
classified for strategic rea-
sons, it is impossible to quan-
tify the potential benefits in
terms of Sasol’s earnings.

“It is also a fact that this

shround of secrecy makes it
relatively easy for Sasol to
declare whatever profit it
likes,
“Our feeling, therefore, is that
Sasol’s bonanza is more likely
to be reflected in an acce-
lerated repayments pro-
gramme in respect of its
mammoth debt burden still
hanging over from the acqui-
sition of Sasol II in 1983, rath-
er than in super earnings.

“In so doing, the acquisition
date of Sasol III could be
brought forward, perhaps to
as early as mid-1986 (the start
of the 1987 financial year)”.

Fergusson Bros considers it
prudent to expect an annual
growth rate of 15 to 20 per-
cent in earnings and dividends
and hazards a forecast of 84c
a share earnings and a 38c
dividend total for 1985, com-
pared with 73,3¢ and 33¢ in
1984.

‘These predictions, the firm
considers, might be conserva-
tive. “But what is certain is
that even doing no better than
our forecast will be very im-
pressive relative to what can
be expected from the industri-
al sector at large.”


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

3,000 GUERRILLAS SHOT IN 1984--According to commanders of the Angolan regular
army, FAPLA, 3 000 UNITA guerrillas were killed in operations during 1984.
The report, contained in the official Luanda document listed as Angola In-
formation, labelled these guerrillas as ‘bandits’. According to the provis-
ional commissioner of Benguela, Mr Kundi Paihama, a total of 983 UNITA
guerrillas were shot in that Province during the year while the commander

of the 4th Military Region, Major Armando da Cruz Neto, said that the total
for the year was 3 000, According to Major Neto UNITA was directing its
"bandit' activity to the massacre of defenceless civilians for it had found
out that direct clashes with FAPLA were unfeasible. Addressing a news con-
ference attended by both Angolan and foreign journalists, Major Neto said that
it was the aim of FAPLA to entirely wipe out in 1985 all UNITA guerrillas,
despite UNITA's tactics, as he put it, of organising themselves in small
dispersed groups which were more difficult to spot. Journalists were also
shown men who had reportedly deserted the ranks of UNITA, [Text] [Windhoek
WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Feb 85 p 16]

CSO; 3400/635



Country Faces Food Shortage
(LESOTHO WEEKLY, 4 Jan 85) .ecesececeesecesssvevseeeeenee

Poultry Industry Expands
(LESOTHO WEEKLY, 11 Jan 85) vscceccsccueccuceccuceuceces

Briefs
Mekaling Road Construction
Opposition Kills National Party Members
Airport Project Near End
ADB Loan
MOZAMBIQUE

Dwindling Hopes Seen on Eve of N'Komati's First Anniversary
(Joao Santa Rita; THE STAR, 25 Jan 85) .cseccccccccvecess

Shadowy Backer of MNR Revealed
(Brian Pottinger, Ken Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jan 85)

Antibanditry Campaign Waged by FPLM Units Described
(Filipe Ribas; TEMPO, 27 Jan 85) .cccscceccccccsccccecees

Briefs
Rail Traffic Suspended

NAMIBIA

SWAPO Promises To Intensify Armed Struggle
(THE HERALD, 28 Jan 85) .eccesececcseunceccscsesecesseens

Country Faces Mounting Hunger Problem
(THE DAILY NEWS, 25 Jan 85) ..cccccssctecececccncecececes

Civil Servants' Salaries Exceed Country's Revenue
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Jan 85) cccsccceccascceccees

Hamukwaya Case Settled Out of Court by RSA Government
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 Jan 85) .esessceseceeceecies

Catholic Bishops Express Dismay at Violence in Country
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 Jan 85) vessccsesecdcceecees

Naude Says Church Has Liberation Role
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 1 Feb 85) ..secscecccccvecececs

Important Questions Raised About Kudu Gas Field
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 30 Jan 85) ...

Drought-Stricken Farmers Get Huge Aid Boost
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 31 Jan 85) .sccscecesccveccenes

-e-

32

33

34

34

34

34

36

38

40

Ah

45

47

48

50

51

52

53

55



cso:

Portuguese diplomats report
that last year a bus was
stopped by Frelimo Govern-
ment soldiers in the northern
province of Nampula. Passen-
gers were ordered put and |
robbed of all their valuables,

The Mozambican army is in-
capable of implementing basic
security measures in many
areas, i

Diplomats say there were no!
military convoys between Ko-
matipoort and Maputo to en-
sure the safety of travellers be-
cause the Mozambican army
could not spare the fuel, were
short of. trucks and lacked
spares, . °

Last year Zimbabwean
troops were moved to protect
the vital road route throtighj
Tete province because the Mo-

;zambican army was unable to,

organise ‘defence for supply
trucks travelling through Mo-
zambique to and from Malawi.

The Zimbabwean army is’
also in Mozambique’ protecting |
the Beira-Mutare pipeline.

Mr Kerry Curtis, manager of
a truck company which used to
operate in the area, said the
Zimbabweans had been asked ,
to move into the area because |
the Mozambican army had no:
vehicles for convoys. ~~ * ,

Tanzanian troops are also in :
Mozambique protecting vital
installations.

Last year South Africa or-
ganised military convoys
through Zimbabwe to move
military goods such as uni-
forms, medicines and even ve-
hicles to the Mozambican army «
in Tete province. ¥

In many areas Mozambique ‘
National Resistance rebels
have resorted to banditry to
ensure survival.

They were. largely aban-
doned in the bush with their
guns after the Nkomati Accord.

However a great number of
rebels throughout the country
continue to receive military
supplies and launch attacks

3400/531

37

with obvious political and eco-
nomic aims.

Where is the MNR getting its
supplies? There are several su-
spected areas of support.

It has become clear that
Portuguese millionaire and
Brazilian resident Mr Manuel
Bulhosa has strong links with
the rebels,

Portuguese sources said Mr
Bulhosa was in Pretoria last
week for talks and pointed out
that he was in Maputo six
months ago for talks with Pres-
ident Samora Machel.

Mr Evo Fernandes, MNR;
secretary-general, worked for!
Mr Bulhosa in Mozambique be-
fore independence and later in
Portugal. .

Mr Jorge Correia, MNR Lis-
bon spokesman, also worked
for Mr Bulhosa in Lisbon.

Sources have warned that it
would be naive to think a man
like Mr Bulhosa could be the;
only source of support for the:
MNR. ‘ . }

West German right-wing
leader Mr Franz Josef Strauss
has close links with Mr Fer-
nandes.

Portuguese sources disclosed
that Mr Strauss would soon
visit Mozambique in what ap-
pears to be another effort by
Mozambican authorities to cut
rebel links with their. sup-
porters.

Saudi Arabia has been men-
tioned as one of the main finan-
cial supporters of the MNR.

Mozambique has a Muslim
population of about 3% million
and the country’s biggest tribe,
the Macuas, is made up almost
totally of Muslims. 1

From Saudi Arabia supplies
are known to have been flown
to the Comoro Islands, an Is-
lamic republic, from where
they are flown into Mozambi-
que.

Nothing short of a miracle
could make Mozambique a se-
cure, stable society for all its
people.



cso:

from the State President who, as things
now stand, will inevitably be a Nat.
For the President's Council has a
majority of Nationalists and its judg-
ment would be a foregone conclusion.

So use of the President’s Council at
this stage would be distinctly confron-
tationist and not part of the consensus
model.

The NP is in fact outnumbered in
each standing committee by all the
other white, coloured and Indian MPs
combined,

But that doesn’t upset them. For as.
long as the Nats enjoy the majority on
the white side of the committee, they
can veto any move.

The same applies to the Labour
Party and National Peoples’ Party.

They can effectively veto any Bill .
re-

knowing the State President will
luctant to use his powers to bypass
them for fear of destroying consensus,
If the three majority parties agree,
the Bill goes to each chamber for a
second reading. Here the Opposition
can have their say in public.

it the

decision will have been effecively’

taken in committee.

That is, unless the majority party,
now bathed in the open glare of public-
ity, changes its mind — something not
impossible in some of the more unsta-
ble parties.

This is, however, fairly unlikely as
committee members will tend to be
guided by their party caucuses.

This could make nonsense of consen-
Sus as each party will be guided by its
caucus irrespective of what is said in
the much-vaunted standing commit-
tees.

3400/523

68

By the time MPs enter their stand-
ing committees to debate controversial
matters, their minds will already have
been made up by their caucuses, Any
meaningful shifts would require fur-
ther approval by their caucus.

And in the absense of caucus approv-
al, a party in open Parliament could
Tepudiate the decision of its committee
members, much to the embarrassment
of the whole Government.

Standing on the sidelines in the In-
dian chamber will be Dr J N Reddy’s
Solidarity, the party that could take
over from Mr Amichand Rajbansi’s ‘
majority NPP if this type of situation
developed. '

In the coloured chamber, the Labour
Party rules Supreme but any major
rumblings could split the Party and
topple the Rev Allan Hendrickse, |

in theory, the white opposition par-
‘ties have one great advantage. If th
win the white majority they stand to
become the most powerful party in
government.

For the {ajority white party effec-
tively elects the State President who
appoints the Cabinet. Together they ap-

int the majority of the President's
Ean, the final arbiter in matters of |
dispute. :
. And as the recession’ becomes a de-!
pression, traditional Nationalist voters
are already flocking to the rightwing
Conservative Party.

The possible scenarios in white poli-
tics are endless, ranging from a CP win
in the next General Election to the
Progressive Federal Party holding the
balance-of-power.

For in the long run, the single most
important factor in the complex new
constitution is the white voter.



500,000 INDIANS SUFFER UNDER GROUP AREAS ACT

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 27 Jan 85 p 3

{Text ]

cso:

3400/545

ABOUT 500 000 Indians in
South Africa had directly
or indirectly suffered as
a result of Group Areas
Act displacements, Mr
Pat Poovalingam, Soli-
darity MP for Reservoir
Hills, said this week.
Speaking to the no-con-
fidence motion proposed
by his party in the Na-
tional People’s Party’s
Council of Ministers, he
said many Indians had
been devastated by the
removals and anyone
saying resettlements
under the Act were in the

“interests of the communi-

ty could not be telling the
truth.

The Group Areas Act
had created an artificial
shortage of land for In-
dians and “any stupid
fool” would know when
there was a shortage,
prices would rise, he
said.

Mr Somaru Pachai,
NPP MP for Natal Mid-
lands,.said-his party
would use the House of
Delegates to free the In-
dian community from the
“shackles of apartheid”.

77

UPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



157140

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Dic quatrry
BNSPECTED g

fege0224 199

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY :
NATIONAL TECHNICAL 1

INFORMATION SERVICE |
WS. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRMGTED, Va Zi

Distribution Un



Returning

By the end of 1982 retrenchments totalled 3 600.

Early in 1983 there were lay-offs at Eastern Cape plants, In January last
year Ford retrenched 490 and Sigma announced that employees returning from
the Christmas holidays would work a four-day week.

In the first three months of last year 2 000 people were laid off.

There was a rush for cars to wards the middle of the year as many people
scrambled to buy before GST went up to 10 percent.

In August Nissan laid off 244 and began a three-day week,
Amear retrenched 380; General Motors 129; Leyland 100; Ford 425,
And Ford ceased production for a week.

In September and November General Motors did the same, Nissan stopped for a
week in October.

In the three months to the end of October 3 000 people working for the motor
manufacturers had lost jobs and a further 7 000 in satellite industries had
been laid off.

As prospects for 1985 worsened Ford laid off 235 last November.

General Motors announced that its 2 500 employees would be on holiday for
7-1/2 weeks and that 320 would not return to work after the holiday.

Nissan retrenched 540.
In December, 280 Mercedes workers were laid off .
This year most workers have returned to shortened working weeks and

thousands face a future in which further rationalisation and retrenchments
loom large.

CsO: 3400/636

103



In another move, Minister of Labour and Social Services Mr Frederick HNapunda
has revoked the Trade Union (deductions of subscriptions) Regulation, 1985 in
terms of section 20 of the Industrial Relations Act.

Mr Hapunda in yesterday's supplement to the Gazette says under this section,
any deductions made shall be revoked and become null and void "from the day
when a trade union, for the benefit of which such order is made, goes on an
illegal strike whether official or unofficial".

During the past weeks there have been strikes by members of the National Union
of Public Workers, Zambia United local Authorities Workers Union (ZULAWU) and
Teachers in some cases, demanding the K50 salary rise.

Last Friday Mr Hapunda expressed Government concern over the current wildcat
strikes by workers in the public service and said the sction was intended to
hold the authorities to ransom.

The minister said this when he met leaders of four trade unions representing
workers in the public service--ZULAWU, Zambia National Union of Teachers
(ZNUT), the Civil Servants Union of Zambia (CSUZ) and the National Union of
Public Service Workers (NUPSW) at his office.

He told. the unionists that deaths at the UTH and “any other hospital for that
matter" were not "something to smie about".

He was referring to people who died as a result of the doctors’ go-slow action
and strikes by other medical personnel in hospitals in Lusaka and the
Copperbelt.

CSO: 3400/534

126


|

Canadian Fund To Build Poultry Abbatoir

(Johannes Pilane; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 21 Jan 85) .. 15
Worst Drought in 40 Years Threatens Farmers
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 22 Jan 85) vissecsevcevecsevees 16
Briefs
Trade Agreement Signed With Czechoslovakia 17
GHANA
Pioneer Criticizes Soldiers' Assault on Editor
(Accra Domestic Service, 25 Feb 85) ..cececceccvcvscscces 18
Briefs
Romanian Tractor Spares Received 19
Armed Forces to Maneuver 19
KENYA
Students Exploit Boycott Amid Threats of Examination Lockout
(Emman Omari; THE KENYA TIMES, 8 Feb 85) .eveccccecevcscs 20
Expulsion of University Students Leads To Boycott
(Emman Omari; THE KENYA TIMES, 7 Feb 85) ..cecscceveceece 21
University Students To Be Tied in Camera
(Paul Muhoho; SUNDAY NATION, 10 Feb 85) .ccccccesevevceee 23
Outside Agents Responsible for University Unrest
(Editorial; THE KENYA TIMES, 9 Feb 85) .eseccuescececeees 24
Student Stipend in China Discussed
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 8 Feb 85) .cccessccscvccsccccceceeecs 26
Oil Prospecting Begins in Earnest
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 8 Feb 85) sescevccscvcaccccceeeceees 27
Briefs
Student Casualties 29
Coup Participants’ Sentences Reduced 29
Toy Pistols Banned 29
Yugoslavian Trade Agreement Detailed 30
New Ambassadors Welcomed 30
LESOTHO
Joint Trade Union Gains Recognition
(LESOTHO WEEKLY, 11 Jan 85) .cccecccsavscccccscvscceceeee 31


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SULLIVAN HAILS FORD-ANGLO DEAL AS BREAKTHROUGH
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Feb 85 p 8

[Text]

cso;

ANTI-APARTHEID activ-
ists in the United States
have welcomed the merger
of Ford and Anglo Ameri-
can’s motor interests in
South Africa.

The Reverend Leon Sulli-
van, author of the non-dis-
crimination Sullivan Prin-
ciples for US business in
South Africa, hailed it as a
breakthrough.

Announcing details of the
merger this week, Ford’s
vice-president responsible
for South Africa, Mr Lind-
sey Halstead, said Ford
would continue to conform
to the Sullivan code.

He said: “We have ad-
vised the Rev Sullivan that
Ford Motor Company will
continue to be a signatory
to the Sullivan Principles
and that the South African

3400/636

Motor Corporation intends
to continue implementing
its standards throughout
the combined operations.”

RICHARD WALKER re-
ports from New York that
the Rev Sullivan said yes-
terday: “If Anglo American
adopts these principles, it
will break new ground in
dealing with the South Afri-
can Government.”

Anti-apartheid activists
in the US see it as proof that
Ford, America’s second-
biggest motor manufactur-
er, is responding to their
pressure.

- “We had to finally face
the facts,” said Mr William
Broderick, Ford's director
of international affairs. He
said the company shared in
enormous SA motor indus-
try losses last year and

prospects remained bleak,
with 11 car and 17 commer-
cial vehicle makers fight-
ing over the comparatively
small and fragmented mar-
ket.

Our Port Elizabeth cor-
respondent reports that a
Ford spokesman said yes-
terday the doomed Neave
Plant would not close until

e end of the first quarter
of next year. He added that
there would be no retrench-
ments until then.

He said the Neave work-
force included 1 550 hourly-
aid and 200 salaried staff.
‘ord’s total employment in
Port Elizabeth was 5 104.
Mr David Hauck, a South
Africa Specialist with the
US-based Investor Respon-
sibility Research Centre, a
non-partisan corporate

104

monitoring group, said yes-
terday that while US disin-
vestment pressures had not
been a factor in Ford’s deci-
sion, the economic con-
straints of apartheid had
contributed.

“Many US companies
have stayed in South Africa
waiting for the black mar-
ket to take off,” he said. “It
hasn’t. Blacks simply
haven’t become the con-
sumers everyone was hop-
ing for’.

fe said that Ford's deci-
sion would not remove the
firm from the disinvest-
ment movement's lists.

“I am not aware of any
State or city disinvestment
legislation that lets com-
panies off the hook if they
own less than 50% of their
South African subsidiar-
ies.”


cso:

3400/657

. Such outside forces look for young firebrands
, and upstarts — intelligent crowd movers who can
carry credibility with the rest of the peaceful and
,Serious students, and they are happy to ‘use the
poor ignorant firewoods for a mere pittance.
While sincerely appreciating the action of those
Who refused to be dragged into anti-patriotic and
-blind riotousness, we would, at the same time, ex-
press our inexplicable wonder relating to the ab- :
Solute dignity, maturity and the comforting degree «
of peaceful integration’ with which, ex-Nairobi
University graduates have demonstrated.over the
‘years, once they join the ranks of Government and
‘other employee ranks. This is in-contrast with the
:occasionally trouble-riddled campus life, which
‘goes to prove the point that some undetermined
‘destabilising agent works and is maybe working
‘through a couple of misguided students.
+ We cannot doubt that the Government is fully
«aware of such external agents just as we are more
than certain that thé Government knows why the
few. students in question had to be expelled, and
-others sent down. Students have no time to waste
‘seeking to become the voice of their parents and
the Kenyan society at large. _ :

... They have no mandate to question Government
decisions, They have no mandate to ‘seek audience ’
with the Minister of Education, let alone the Presi-

‘dent. They have their own Vice-Chancellor who
is in constant touch with their own Chancellor and .
the Minister. nos : :

i If they do not recognise this machinery, there

“is no other legal procedure and ‘we strongly recom-
mend that the unaffected students resume classes
.and then follow, that. procedure; '} ut



cso:

3400/636

maker's Society which
has a multi-racial mem-
bership, and is the onl
other union to be formal-
ly recognised by the
amber.
@The black conscious-
ness-oriented Black Al-
lied Mining and Constiuc-
tion Workers’ Union
(Bamewu) is known chief-
ly for its anti-asbestés
campaign following the
strike at Penge mine.
With no major agree-
ments, Bamcwu has
some organisation on
chrome and other mines
in the North Eastern
Transvaal and on the
gold mines close to Jo-
innesburg.
@Two other unions al-
ready have access to
Chamber mines but little
has been heard of them.
,,. They are the Black Allied
“Mining and Tunnel Work-
ers’ Union {Bamtwu),
which is allied to the ori-
‘ginal black consciousness
union, the Black Allied
Workers’ Union (Bawu);
and the Black

Mineworkers’ Union, of |

which little is known.
@ One of the two unions
‘anted access this week
is the Johannesburg-
based South African
Mineworkers’ Union
(famwu), an affiliate of
the South African Allied
Workers’ Union (Saawu).
General secretary of bot!
is Mr Sisa Njikelana.
@Saawu’s ally, the Gen-
eral and Allied Workers’

84

Union (Gawu), is organis-
ing mineworkers in the
northern Cape, while a
Saawu offshoot, led by
the union’s former gener-
al secretary Mr Sam Ki-
kine, has organised
mineworkers in Natal.
@ The other union grant-
ed access this week is the
African Miners’ and Al-
lied Workers’ Union
(Amawu), formed last
year by Mr Vuyani Ma-
dolo, a former organiser
of the National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM).
Amawu is organising on
the Randfontein/Weston-
aria/Carletonville line.
@ Fosatu’s Chemical
Workers’ Industrial
Union (CWIU), which has
‘been involved in a major
dispute with Sasol over
mass dismissals, has or-
ganised workers at Sasol-
owned coalmines.
@ The United Mining,
Metal and Allied Workers
of South Africa
(Ummawosa), a break-
away from Fosatu’s Met-
al and Allied Workers’
Union, is organising
mineworkers chiefly in
the Eastern Transvaal.
@ The Bophuthatswana
National Union of Mine
Employees (Bonume), is
ing to organise all
mine workers in that ter-
ritory. The union was set
up following the banning
of South African trade
unions by the Bophuthe-
tswana authorities and is
being “fully encouraged”.


rights issues,

It is well known that in
terms of insurance legislsa-
tion a very substantial pro-
portion of a company’s premi-
um inflow must be invested in
gilt and semi-gilt securities.

Over the years, the Trea-
sury has come to rely heavily
on the substantial inflow of
funds from such securities
from the life industry.

These days it is extremely
difficult for an individual to
earn a return on his own sav-
ings from his own efforts that
is higher than inflation —
especially when tax is taken
into account -- and most peo-
ple prefer to leave the invest-
ing to the professionals.

The life assurers endeavour
at all times to maximise in-
vestment returns for the poli-
cyholders, while at the same
time adopting a low-risk pro-
file, and are invariably suc-
cessful in earning after-tax
returns which well exceed
prevailing rates of inflation.

T believe the growth of life
assurance has come about be-
cause our industry has looked
to satisfy the needs of the con-
sumer and provide an effi-
cient service and products
which offer excellent value
for money as well as fulfilling
the traditional role of provid-
ing life cover, disability cover
and pensions benefits.

CSO: 3400/636

* Total Assets

“R22-600 m

R24000 m

R21 000 m
R19 500 m

R18 000 m
R16 500 m

R15 000 m
RIS 500 m

R12. 000m
R10500m

R 7500 mE

R 4500 m

1979«1980-—«1981,«1982 «1983
This table, drawn up by the Life Offices’ Association,

traces the growth of the life assurance industry.

79



the withdrawal of Cuban
troops from Angola.

Dr Chiepe disclosed the
China's Involvement in the
liberation struggle in
southern Africa was
household name andwewho |
believe in human rights and '
self-determination cannot but
be thankful for that" China
has never faltered in this
regard and her involvement
in the struggle for the
establishment of democracy
and justice in the minority
tuled countries of southern
Africa made the task much
easier than it could have been,
she pointed out.

Speaking at the occasion
earlier, the Chinese
Ambassador to Botswana, Mr
Lu Defang, said the signing
of the joint communique on
the establishment of
diplomatic relations on
January 6th, 10 years ago
opened a new page in the
annuals of the history of
China-Botswana friendly
relations. . i

The friendly relations, and |
cooperation between the two
countries in the political, ;
economic and cultural fields
have steadly strengthened
and developed, he said. The
scopes of economic and
technical cooperation
between the two, had
gradually extended mutual
understandig and friendship
between the two peoples and
are being enhanced each
passing day. .

Mr Defang told the
audience that in the 2nd year
following the signing of the
communique, late President
Sir Seretse Khama paid a
successful good-will visit to
China, which laid down a
sound foundation for the
development of the friendly

| CSO: 3400/628 -

relations and cooperation
between the two.

The Ambassador said the
two countries have been
brought together by the
common desire for peace,
that they have, the common
tasks of developing their
national economy and
building their countries
respectively.

The ambassador said
Chinese government and
people had admired and

congratulated the Botswana .

Government for having made

great efforts and achieved

remarkable success in
safeguarding the national
independence, developing
national economy, building
the country and overcoming
the difficulties caused by the
four-year running drought.

Mr Defang wished
Botswana Government and
people greater progress and
successes in the future.

The Chinese Government
and people were closely
concerned with the just
struggle ‘of the southern
African people for the
independence of Namibia and
against racialism, and would
stand firmly by the African
brothers. They are convinced
that their just cause is bound
towin final victory, he added.

In his message and
congratulation to Dr Masire,
the ambassador quoted the
Chinese President Li Xiennien
as having expressed his
sincere wishes and said: “ At
time when the. bilateral
relations between China and
Botswanais entering the 2nd
decade, let our two sides
make common efforts to
promote to higher level the
friendly relations and
cooperation between the two
countries in all fields.”



cso;

3400/633

Turning to the “hotly-
debated subject” of
Namibia’s “bloated” or
“exploding” bureaucracy,
Dr Jones said it was true
the number of public sector.
employees had increased
“significantly” over the last
few years,

They had grown from
34959 in 1980 to 51906
in 1984. However, “the
real point is not whether
the numbers have in-
creased but to what extent
this increase was justified
and what its effect on the
economy was,” Dr Jones
said,

The rapid rise did not ,

represent newly created
employment opportunities
but “rather a shift of
employment opportunities
from. South Africa to
SWA.”

Dr Jones added that if
the additional 18 000
public sector employees
between 1980 and 1984
had not been so employed
it did not follow that they

49

would have been employed

‘in the private sector,

“On the contrary, judg-
ing by the increase in un-

,employment over the same

period ... it seems more

‘likely they would have

further swelled the ranks of
the unemployed,” he said.

Further, marly. of these
bureaucrats performed im-
portant functions “for you
and me”, ,

As far as the much-
maligned Representative
Authorities were —con-
cerned, Dr Jones said to
his mind “the abolition of
these authorities is not a
panacea which would solve
all our problems”.

If second tier authorities
were to be abolished “as
some people advocate”,
these functions would still
have to be performed “in
much the same way and on
much the same scale”,

He said a rationalisation
of the functions might
make it possible to slightly
reduce numbers but this
would only be “niinimal”,



ROLE OF LL2 SQUADRON DESCRIBED

Pretovia PARATUS in English

Vol 36 No 2, Feb 85 pp 30-31

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH. AFRICA

[Article by Lanes Corporal G. ford]

[te

|

AFTER appearing before a selection board at Rooikop, Walvis Bay,
112 (earlier 1 SWA Sqn), was formed in August 1963 from a mere
handful of candidates. The Squadron was to be a South West Afri-
can Commando support unit, taking orders from SWA Command

with Cmdt Magnus Malan as OC.

(The then Cmdt Malan was to be-

come Chief of the SADF, and is the present Minister of Defence). It
was Cmdt H.H.O. Denk (now Honorary Colonel), who was tasked to
build up the fledgling squadron whose numbers were drawn up
from all over South West Africa, and attain full operational strength

within the shortest possible time.

Y mid 1964, after the first offi-

cers’ course at Voortrekker-

hoogte, all the Squadron's

functional and technical

posts had been filled, and
concerted air-ground co-operation exer;
cises with SWA Command troops com:
menced.

But the true role of 112 Squadron was
actually more complex than met the eye
and came to embrace: reconnaissance
exercises, medical evacuations, supply
drops, convoy escorts, search and res-
cue, message drops and retrievals, aerial
photography and occasional telstar oper-
ations. The Squadron also had the pres-
tige of ferrying numerous VIP passengers
throughout South West Africa.

The Commando pilots conventionally
used their own civilian aircraft for their
various tasks, offering the advantage of
familiarity with their strengths and limita-
tions. Civilian flying abilities were honed
to operational standards under Air Force
regulations. The strictest instruction car-
ries on to this day.

The fact that the Squadron, since its in-
ception, flew approximately 30 000 hours.
over South West Africa and the Opera-
tional Area without incurring any aircraft
loss or physical casualties, is surely testi-
mony to the professional standards
exacted by Cmdt Denk, around whom a

91

very strong and dedicated team became
organized.

Squadron members have always been
influential in their communities and in-
clude agriculturalists, lawyers, engineers,
chemists and leading businessmen. Yet
although spread all over South West
Africa, the Squadron has been able to
muster its personnel to any vantage point
within the country within a matter of a few
hours.

The Squadron has intimate knowledge
of the rugged South West Africa terrain,
with some members boasting several
thousand logged flying hours. Tracks,
pans and dry river beds are used for im-
Promptu tanding strips to give access to
areas once considered highly inaccessi-
ble. A typical remark from new members
seems to be: “You really get to know the
country from corner to corner’. 1 SWA
Squadron has flown more hours than all
the Republic Commando squadrons put
together!

To test their mettle in the sixties, the
Squadron airlifted 45 fully equipped sol-
diers from Gobabis to Sossusvlei in the
Namib Desert (which entails landing ona
dry pan amongst the highest dunes in the
world) with a further stopover near Ter-
race Bay on the Skeleton Coast, before
completing the triangle “home’. This
successful operation proved their cap-



dated.

Inhuman laws, laws that
are an affront to the dignity
of man, laws that impede
economic progress and so-
cial stability, must be re-
pealed.

Toews laws such as '

the Race Classification Act,
the Group Areas Act, Res-
ervation of Separate Amen-
ities Act, Immorality and
Mixed Marriages Act, and
other Acts. limiting the
freedom of movement and
freehold tenure, must be re-
pealed, not so much to ap-

the outside world or -

counter the disinvest-
ment campaign, but to in-

stil confidence in the people ~
of South Africa. :

‘The first bold step having
been taken, the momentum
for change dare not slow
down, as this would create
frustration and _polarisa-
tion’ to’ the of
Political and economic sta-

ility in South Africa.

If the confidence of the

that the frustrated in

our country will opt for oth-
er systems whose simplis:
ic glogans appear to pro-
vid dread better
acc¢mmodate their needs,

The next step must be
taken on our own initiative.
Political destiny is not a
‘matter of chance, it is a
matter of choice.

On the basis of consensus
oppartunity to buld‘s new
opportunit anew
broad. South Africanism,

rising the different
language and colour

peers is not obtained, it is ©

T itherefore repeat the
call‘ made last year for a
declaration of intent spell-
ing out the Government's
constitutional direction for
the future of our country.

H
A
aration of intent by
the Koveramone now be
3 a commanding irm-
perative if confidence in
government is to be re-
tordd.

stordd.

The blacks must share in
the responsibility of nation-
building and share common

allegiance and loyalty.
. ie goals of the reform
process are known, the
masses could identify with
each stage of the process in
a constructive and positive
manner.

We cannot move “blind-
fold’; from one stage to an-

other in the hope that legiti-
mate political aspirations
ifilled:

‘The tensions and frustra-
tion evident in our society
today do not augur well for
either political or economic
advancement. (

Only when an individual
is given a personal stake in

ig the policies of gov-
ernment, and hopes to
benelit from success,

a8 an ac-

man its, due process of

law and equal opportunity.

tionship of mutual respon:

mut -

sibilit Pond concentrate on

attainable goals.

This is the challenge of the
contempor:

ary period.
Whether it is politics or,

ics, what must be
accepted is that South
Africa is a mixture of char-
acteristics of the. First
World and the Third World.
The majority of our pop-
ulation fats th the latter
category, and the most:
th Ak

Roath Aida today sto ind

solutions within this pa-
rameter.

Nowhere, more clearly,
are the vast disparities be-
fous evident than inthe

an
Economie field,

‘Our economy is a mix-
ture of the formal and in-
formal sectors, and the lat-
ter particularly has to be
encouraged.

i activities in
housing, transport, educa-
tion, business and industry
must be promoted, as this
reduces burden’on the
state in providing housing
and jobs and encourages
private initiative.

70

Businessmen must be
competitive rather. than
protected in a monopolistic
situation.

The free market system
must ‘be operated freely,
and the plethora of regula-
tions, Bills, control mea-
sures, all of Na have | to

Inspec rs
and'tend tobe cinliy and |
inflationary, must be re-ex- -
amined. |

W. must alter our ap-

Bet to economic policy: |

face up to the iltcut
ices ni for long- :
ener

Austerity measures must
be introduced dn the pu
vat r
public, me particu y ,

The weakening of: the
rand, the depressed gold
price, the high rate of un-
employment, the drought, a
lax monetary patem, the
high rate of inflation, will
impose severe strains on
the economy this,

Any political reform pro- -
Seely econeate grow

economic i
not Tostered simultaneous- | \

ly. i"
Political reform will be

. More difficult under the

resent depressed econom-
ic climate.

An immediate problem is
to combat successfully the
rising disinvestment pres-
sure against South Africa.

If overseas capital and
technology are denied, it
will be catastrophic for em-
ployment opportunities for
the vast majority of our
people.

There must be co-ordin- |
ated efforts to develop
manpower and maximise

roductivity to enter into

e technological era.

Greater opportunities for
training must be provided
by technical high schools
and technical colleges, |
which could unlock a tre-. ;
mendous human resource
of the magnitude of Japan,
Taiwan and South Korea.

Our agriculture must
also be placed on a sound
basis.


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

LESOTHO

JOINT TRADE UNION GAINS RECOGNITION
Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 11 Jan 85 p 5

[Text ]

THE recently formed um-
brella trade union move-
ment, The Lesotho Con-
sress of Free Trade Unions,
has. gained recognition as
the ; sole national trade.
union movement of work:
ers in Lesotho, according
to an announcement from
the Department of Labour.

The announcement has
been made by the Regis-
strar of Labour organisa-
tions, the Labour Com-
missioner, Mr, M. J. "Ma-
bathoana, in the ‘govern-
ment gazette No. 40 of
1984 (Legal Notice No. 94
of 1984).

This was circulated to
all trade union leaders,
District labour officers, and
other bodies involved in

labour affairs.

This final and much
awaited formation of a

single trade union move-
ment has been hailed in
government circles and

CSO: 3400/627

workers as the greatest
achievement.

The Labour Commission-

‘er in the circular has stat-

ed that the unification of
the trade unions in Leso-
tho and the subsequent re-
gistration will be made
known to the International
trade union movements —
The International Labour
Organisation (ILO), Organ-
isation of African Trade
“Union Unity (OATUU),
International Confedera-
tion of Free Trade Unions
CRT).

These international la-
our organisations, Mr.
‘Mabathoana pointed out,
were very concerned about
the division of | workers
unions in Lesotho in the
past. As such they were
reluctant to grant. the
much needed aid which
was to benefit the workers
in Lesotho,

The workers suffered as
a result of this situation
which made it difficult for
the divided unions to ob-
tain financial aid to de.

31

velop better working faci-
lities such as the creation
of co-operatives and the
running of the Institute
of Labour Studies.

The defunct major trade
union organisation — Le-
sotho Council of Workers
and the Lesotho Federation
of Workers — alienated
themselves from the majo-
rity ‘of workers and the
government.

Mr. 'Mabathoana has
made clear in the circular
that the Labour Commis-
sion will only deal with the
affairs of workers through
the registered Lesotho
Congress of Free Trade
Unions.

A 12-member interim
committee headed by Mr.
Raymond Mothepu, was
elected on April 27, 1984
at the Airport Hotel con-
ference to run and make
Preparations for a national’
conference which will elect
a national executive. The
date of the national con-
ference will be announced
later.



“Here in the province of Maputo, I have encountered the most varied situa—
tions, either in terms of the actions of the armed bandits or the conduct of
some of the elements in the population unenlightened about the criminal nature
of the armed bandits. In one of these fine-combing operations, right here
where we are, we seized collaborators with the armed bandits. One day, I went
into an isolated hut where I found a family and asked if they had seen any
FRELIMO troops pass. Believing me to be an armed bandit, the head of the
family welcomed me rather warmly and said he had important information to pass
on. Look, he told me, the FRELIMO soldiers passed less than 10 minutes ago,
and it seems they were killed by ‘our people,' because I heard some shots and
then their movements ceased, just near here. The old fellow said that there
would be no problem, because the FRELIMO soldiers spent their lives fleeing
and that, if I wanted, I could stay the night there, because the following
day, a group of ‘our people,’ and thus bandits, would come. Thus I learned
that there existed some very dangerous elements because of the way they col-
laborated with the enemy."

From this statement by the lieutenant, I came to understand that many of the
collaborators with the bandits did so deliberately, and that for the purpose
of pleasing the leaders of the armed bandits, they even go so far as to say
that our forces are fleeing.

Valentim Fernando Nguenha, a native of the locality of Calanga in the district
of Manhica, is a young soldier, trained to use a bazooka, who joined the FAM
early in 1981. This young man, who has a thorough knowledge of the region, of
all of the trails, shortcuts and dense little, thickets, as well as a certain
number of points of reference, is characterized by extraordinary courage and
determination. His superiors in the hierarchy often use the most comp]imen-
tary terms in speaking of him.

One of the most frequently mentioned events in which this young man showed
great expertise in the handling of his weapon was the attack on a major bandit
base in Machiche, near Manhica. Be himself told us about it. "This was a
battle which lasted 15 minutes, a period of intensive firing. In the attack,
we succeeded in bringing down the commander of the bandits. I was the first
to fire a bazooka, which scored a direct hit on a building in which a number
of bandits were gathered," the young Nguenha told us. In Xicochane, during
an attack on a heavily fortified bandit camp, this young man was cited by his
superiors for praiseworthy action.

It was, finally, young men like these with whom we talked, and whom we had the
opportunity to see praised and admired by their own comrades and superiors.
They are currently waging an unceasing battle against the armed bandits who
are trying to hold the fort. It can certainly be said that the mobile units
are doing very positive work, and it cannot be of them that we demand an
accounting concerning the tragic events which continually characterize life
along national Highway No 1.

5157
CSO: 3442/167

43



AGRICULTURAL EXPORT EARNINGS REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 3 Feb 85 p 6

[Article by Ciaran Ryan]

[Text]

CSO:

THE sickly rand will
pull in an extra R225-
million. in agricultural
export earnings this
year than in 19

In spite a maize sea-
son, some farming sectors
are doing well. Export crops,
die a is deciduous
fruit, are expected
worth 37% more this year

purely because of the weak
Pand. although freight

_ghatees will reduce the pro-

Cyclone

Favourable climatic con-
ditions mean {hat citrus ex-
ports will rise by 17% over

(984. A surplus of 150 000 tons.
of wheat is iB available for ex-
port this year. Last year

uth ‘Alia ¥ was forced to
import because drought
scorched the crop.

South Africa will export
about 28-million boxes —
each weigh 15 kilograms
of fruit in 1985, mainly to
Europe. Last season's ex-
ports were down to about 24-

3400/636

million boxes because of
drought and Cyclone Do-
moina.

Cameron McOnie, general
manager of the Citrus Ex-
change, told Business Times:
“There is good demand for
South African exports be-
cause of bad harvests in Flor-
ida and Spain. Although
prices haven't been settled,
we eon earnings to
be 20° ‘on last year’s
Re00-million?

Competitive

South Africa normally ex-
ports 60% of the citrus croy
oor frutt, mainly.
grapes, apples and pears, ued
Porls arelikely to exceed 25-
Fallion boxes which is on a
par with 1984.
Louis Kriel, general Man-
ager of the Deciduous Fruit
Board, 1 Says export earnin
are expected to be R420-
lion in 1985 compared with
‘R360-million last year, large-
Was as a result of the exchange

oom Africa’s wheat sur-
plus of 150 000 tons will prob-
ably be sold to neighbouring

States, says Dennis van

112

JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Aarde, general manager of
the Wheat Board.

“Our wheat is competitive
for countries to the north.
‘The landed price of imported
maize is about R400 a ton
compared with a domestic
price of R280 a ton. So we ean
undercut overseas producers

a large margin.
neat Pe Saparte of 150 000
tonsa prs
worth R42-

nt prices will be
Wool exports are expected
to remain constant in volume
terms but to increase in
rands by 26%. Latest esti-
mates from the Wool Board
proieet exports a 25,3-mil-
ion kilograms for 1985
about the same as 1984. ‘The
receipts will be worth about
R400-million compared with
R317-million in 1984. Wool
fae is down by 2 2% on
984 as a result of the,

rate does
rk in favour of
exporters, says Mr oMriel:
“Shipping ai
Fie shipping charge fo Pi
e sl charge for last
eciduous “fruit ex:
rts was R88-million and
Riis -year it will be about
R130-million.”



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

CIVIL SERVANTS' SALARIES EXCEED COUNTRY'S REVENUE
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 Jan 85 p 1

[Text]

THE SALARIES and wages of Namibia’s civil servants, including fringe
benefits exceeded the country’s revenue from own sources, while unemploy-
ment has doubled in the past nine years.

While Namibia earned
something like R550m
from own revenue, the
total salary and: wage
package of bureaucrats
was estimated at roughly
R600m. |

This emerged during an
open discussion at last
night’s. meeting of the
Namibia Educational
Forum, addressed by
Secretary for Finance, Dr
Johan Jones, on The
Interaction Between Public
Finance and the National
Economy in SWA/-
Namibia.

Dr Jones dealt . with
aspects of the economic
scene which he described
as “the subject of frequent
arguments, accusations.
and wild guesses”. And he
had to field pointed and
vigorous questions from a
lively audience.

As far as uneinployment
was concerned he said
available statistics were not
very reliable and it was
also difficult to make com-
parisons with — other
countries, but this was not
unusual.

He used as his starting
point statistics for’ the
years 1969, 1973, 1975
and 1984 from the latest

Manpower Survey,
released yesterday.

The total population
figures for these years were
739 000, 832.000,
879000 and 1 150000
respectively. - -

He said by subtracting
the total number of people
productively employed in
these years, based partly
on the Manpower Survey
figures and estimates by
the Department of
Finance, unemployment
percentages could. be ar-

rived at.

These were 10,5% in

1969, 10,7% in 1973, a
slight i increase to 12,3% in
1975 and then a rapid i in-
crease to 20,6% in 1984,

Dr Jones said while un-
employment of 10 or 12%
was “not at all high for a
developing country”, the
doubling of the percentage
unemployed within a space
of nine years “was a dif-
ferent matter”.

However, there were
several considerations
which had to be borne in
mind. .

An aggravating
factor was the “chronic
‘problem of the uncertainty
over the country’s political
future”. This had a

48

depressing effect
‘on. _ investment and
business in general Dr
Jones said.

However, Dr Jones
emphasized he did not un-
derestimate the seriousness

‘of. the unemployment

problem ‘but’ added “the
room for manoeuvre is
very limited at the mo-

ent”.
He said .the situation

“could be further

dramatized by looking at
the number of entrants to
the labour market,

“The average annual
number of entrants ..-

. over the period 1975 —

1984 was about 8 700,”
Dr Jones said. ~

“Of this total only an
average of 2035, or 23%,
could be accommodated in
the labour market annual-
ly.” -
He felt that under these
cicumstances people
couldn’t "be blamed for
becoming disillusioned
with economy or the
system. But he urged them
to take a “long hard look
at the long-term achieve-
ments of alternative
systems before coming to
final conclusions”.


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

RAIL TRAFFIC SUSPENDED--MBABANE--Rail traffic between Swaziland and Mozambique
has been suspended after a freight train was attacked just inside the Mozam-
bique border. Armed men are reported to have opened fired on a Swazi train on
Sunday. It is believed the Mozambique National Resistance was responsible. A
spokesman for Swaziland Railways said today that traffic on the route, from
central Swaziland to Maputo, had been suspended from Monday to allow the Mo-
zambique army to tighten security along the line. The spokesman said imports
and exports were now piling up on both sides of the border. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE STAR in English 30 Jan 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/531

4h


INDIAN MINISTER ACCUSED OF MISUSE OF POWER

Durban POST NATAL in English 30 Jan-2 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/545

A SERIES of allegations
charging widespread
misuse of power and
maladministration were
made against the ruling
National Peoples’ Party
in the House of Delegates
this week.

And Indian Minister of
the Budget Mr Boeti
Abrarnjee was accused of
trying to undermine an
investigation by Customs
and Excise officials
against one of his party's
MPs.

In the no confidence
debate Solidarity leader
JN Reddy accused the
NPP and Mr Amichand
Rajbansi of having threa-
tened the MP for Central
Rand, Mr $ Collakoppen
and MP for Tongaat, Mr
Cherry Mohangi.

Mr Reddy attacked the
Group Areas Act and was

73

especially critical of the
Council of Ministers’
handling of the Cato
Manor issue.

He accused the Council
of Ministers of paying
only lip service to impor-
tant matters like job
creation.

He also criticised the
Ministers Council for not
objecting to Bills seeking
to create separate local
authorities.

Mr Nizzie Khan (Isipin-
g0) said Customs and Ex-
cise officials were inves-
tigating possible charges
of fraud amounting to
R750000 against the Na-
tional Peoples Party MP
for North Coast, Naran-
tuk Jumuna. .

Calling on Mr Abram-
jee to resign, he accused
him of undermining the
investigation against Mr
Jumuna.

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-~85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROGRESS OF EMERGING UNIONS REPORTED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Feb 85 p7
[Article by Phillip van Niekerk]

[Text]

EMERGING unions
are having their
work cut out this
year trying to mini-
mise the effects of
further retrench-
ments.

That was‘ clear from
developments last week
in which two shop unions

won concessions over re- .

trenchments with OK Ba-

zaars, and motor unions .

repared to negotiate on
Petit of the casualties of
the Ford-Amcar merger.

OK’s agreement with
the Commercial, Cater-
ing and Allied Workers’
Union (Ccawusa) and the
National Union of Dis-
tributive and Allied
Workers (Nudaw) broke
new ground in several re-

ts.

Prirstly, OK agreed
during negotiations to ac-
cept an independent audi-
tor nominated by the
unions to verify the com-
pany’s statements on the
need for-retrenchments.
The battle over finan-
cial disclosure is a major
issue confronting the
union movement, and the
demand that manage-
ment prove the necessity
of their actions is even
more important with the
prospect of more re-
‘enchments.

OK’s agreement that

workers could choose to
be “laid-off” or “re-

- trenched”, establishing

an important distinction,
hel substantially to
soften the blow.

The laid-off workers
have been guaranteed re-
employment on August 7,
have received two weeks
wages and remain mem-
bers of their medical aid
and pension funds. They
are thus taking an effec-
tive six mionths unpaid
leave.

But the OK battle is not

et over. Ceawusa now

's to negotiate on behalf
of 950 workers, the bal-
ance of the 2 000 workers

© company original];
intended to retrench, y

oo0

TWO more emerging
unions signed access
agreements with the

amber of Mines last
week to recruit workers
on the properties of
Chamber mines, further
cluttering a rapidly ex-
panding field.

If one takes into
account the potential
strength 0: black
mineworkers if there is
just one united union in
the industry, there must
be some glee in employer
circles at these develop-
ments.

At last count there

83

were 12 unions known to
be organising black
workers on the mines.
This is a brief field guide
for the bewildered ob-
server.

@ The National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM),
whose general secretary
is Mr ‘il Ramaphosa,
towers over the rest of
the contenders, with
some 110000 members
and 29 recognition agree-
ments. It is organised at
mines in the Free State,
Klerksdorp, Carltonville,
Witbank, Phalaborwa
and North Western Cape
areas and is rapidly ex:
panding, already being

e largest trade union in
the country.

Affiliated to the Coun-
cil of Unions of SA
(Cusa), the NUM is the
only mining union party
to the talks leading to the
formation of a super-fed-
eration of emerging
unions later this year.
The NUM’s motto is “One

.Union, one industry.”

@ The Federated Mining
Union (FMU) has agree-
ments with De Beers dia-
mond mines in the Kim-
berley area, some
recognition on gold mines
and last’ week signed an
agreement with JCI at
Rustenburg Platinum
Mines. The FMU is close-
ly allied to theS A Boiler-



SHADOWY BACKER OF MNR REVEALED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 Jan 85 p 2

[Article by Brian Pottinger and Ken Pottinger]

[Text ]

a FABULOUSLY wealthy
Spaniard el as a
‘key backer of Feel
group Renamo, ), now
pus! the Nkomati.Accord
towards disaster. :

- Manuel -Bulhosa: met. the
South African F :Min-
ister,’ Mr Pik. “two
weeks ago and was warned
on ieerint ina concern at
cont support for
the rebels. Pe |
South African government
sources believe the man
pilelds “enormous: power H in
‘ortuguese it-w -
tics and over MNE: aren
to the point of sabotaging the
recent peace Initiatives.

But in Lisbon’s diplomatic
fae it ds suspected he is
made a scapegoat by
Pretoria for the continuing
failure of the Nkomati Ac-
cord to bring peace to war-
ravaged Mozambique.

Powerful

The 82-year-old Bulhosa is
a shadowy who has
been closely involved with |
the MNR for some years. He
once had enormous financial
holdings in Mozambique —
including of] — but was dis-
possessed by the coup.

He now lives in Brazil, isa |
major shareholder ina pub- |

38

lishing house in Portugal, has

‘farming interests in both
“ countries and fs said to have:

powerful contacts with Mid-|

‘dle East ofl interests."

Two top MNR pificlals -
secretary-general Evo :Fer-'
nandes Jorge Correia —
once worked for his Portu-
guese publishing house.

The Bulhosa connection
has crucial importance for
Pretoria in its efforts to keep
Nkomatt on track. The rebel
forces in Mozambique — far
from diminishing in strength
after the cut-off in South
Africa ald — have gone from
strength to streng!

President Samora Machel
of Mozambique — himself
under intense pressure from
radicals in his own party to
show that Nkomati works —
has alleged that the MNR is
still receiving support from
sympathisers in South Africa
and perhaps even from indi-
viduals within the military
establishment.

The dire straits in which
Mozambique finds itself has
forced Pretoria to solicit all
the assistance it can in bring-

ing its former protegés to,

heel, including a promise of
Portuguese Government ac-

tion against the MNR oper- .

ating out of that country and
an imminent clampdown on
MNR supporters in South

JPRS~SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE


ZCTU understood the decision by President Kaunda to ban essential workers in
the medical field from striking because of their sensitive moral operations.

But the presidential order could not have been necessary had it not been for
the lamentable failure by the Ministry of Labour and Social Services to work
on the list of essential service sectors as directed by the President in June
1980.

"The trade union leadership understands in great depth the presidential order
under the Preservation of Public Security Act accordinj, to constitutional
powers conferred on the President.

“But for the minister to fail to understand the purpose and circumstance of
section 20 of the Industrial Relations Act which has nothing to do with the
conditions he invented in his statutory instrument, is subject to explanation
to us," he said.

The labour movement had not glorified strikes of any kind which was why labour
leaders had gone all out to explain to their members the unlawfulness of their
protest. .

The recent strikes had been prompted by sporadic increases of: prices of essen-
tial goods. . : .

ZCTU had no option but to demand wage increases of up to K50 for workers. But
the labour movement had made it’ clear that the demand was negotiable and de-
pended on the ability of the employer to pay.

When contacted for a comment in Lusaka yesterday, Mr Hapunda said through his
secretary that he was not "yet ready to talk to newsmen".

csO: 3400/534

124


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HIGHVELD STEEL TURNOVER SURGES

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text]

cso;

HIGHVELD Steel and Vanadium’s
turnover surged by 60% in the year to
December, but attributable earnings
rose by only 18,5% to R26,489m from
the previous year’s R22,355m.

for the 18 months to December 1982.
Hiveld’s profit margins were reduced by

4ncreased depreciation and interest charges, °

strip mill commissioning costs, the eroup's
prod duct mix and the competitive markets for

Group earnings during 1984 were also af-
fected by the voluntary restraints undertaken
on exports of steal to the US, as well as by
Hiveld’s policy to take forward currency cov-
er on 50% of its export revenues.

The chairman, Mr Leslie Boyd, said yester-
day: “We have been spending a lot of money on
the plant, which means that our charges for

mill was the best we have ever had.

“The depreciation of the rand has meant
that. for the first time in five years we have
been able to get back into the international
market for steel semis, which has given us
additional volumes.

“Steel production during 1984 ran at about

Earnings a share were 38,9c (1983 — 32,8c) 85% of capacity, while production of ferro-
,and the final dividend has been increased to alloys and vanadium increased steadily dur-
lle (previous final — 10c) to make a total ing the year until, at the year-end, the Rand
distribution for the year of 17c (previous total Carbide plant was running at full capacity, the
— 5c). Vantra division was at 90% of capacity, and
The group’s turnover was a record ‘Trans-Alloys had also reached 90% of capa-
R450,157m, compared with last year’s city.”
R261,7m and an annualised figure of R357m Mir Boyd said Hiveld expected to sell at

Jeast the same amount of steel on the export
markets during 1985 which it had during 1984,
if not more.

ok Problem for Hiveld was the state of the
I market which, despite the group’s per-
ceived image as a major exporter, still ac-
counted for 50% of Hiveld’s business in 1984.

“Our view is that the first six months of 1985
will be difficult, but the last six months should
show some improvement.

“The drop in domestic consumption has
been aggravated by the rundown of inventory
stocks, but I hope this will have run its course

ry le e year,” rd .
by year, yd said.

depreciation have risen. These amounted to ': The market will be disappointed
5m in 1984, compared with R27m in 1983. with Hiveld’ ‘ PP
“We are still on a learning curve with the ihe veld’s bottor line Performance after

strip mill, but tonnages are going up ev
month and in January production from ‘the

3400/636

108

Ahead of the release of the results yester-
day, the share shed 10c to close at 3950,


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

‘TOP-LEVEL TALKS WITH BOTSWANA-~~Talks between a top-level Botswana delega-
tion and the minister of foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha, are taking place
in Pretoria, ‘The Botswana delegation is headed by the minister of foreign
affairs, Dr Gaositwe Chiepe, and includes the defense minister, Mr
(Vonanchego Felikenwe) [title as heard]. Our Pretoria staff reports

that, although no details of the talks have been released beforehand, they
apparently deal with objections by South Africa and Bophuthatswana that
ANG terrorists have been involved in border incidents since September of
Last year, ‘Today's talks follow a mecting in Maseru [as heard] yesterday
between the ANC leader, Oliver Tambo, and President Quett MasLre of
Botswana. [ext] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 CMT 22
Veb 35 MB]

CSO; 3400/6338

117



i JPRS-SSA-85~-020
13 March 1985

ZAMBIA

UNIONS CALL FOR LABOR MINISTER'S REMOVAL
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] TRADE unions representing workers in the public service have accused
Labour and Social Services Minister Mr Frederick Hapunda of alleged poor
labour relations and have demanded his immediate removal.

Leader of the four unions--Civil Servants Union of Zambia (CSUZ), National
Union of Public Service Workers (NUPSW), Zambia United, Local Authorities
Workers Union (ZULAWU) and the Zambia National Union of Teachers (ZNUT) also
endorsed the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) stand to seek legal
redress against the Government's intention to revoke workers' subscriptions to
unions whenever members went on strike in future.

In a statement issued after their meeting in Lusaka yesterday, the leaders of
the unions charged that Mr Hapunda had "lamentably" failed to execute his
functions as Minister of Labour and Social Services.

They said the minister had displayed poor labour relations especially towards
trade unions.

He was also accused of allegedly failing to understand and execute the func-
tions of the Industrial Relations Act. "Because of his failure to play the
role of arbitrator or mediator, the unions attribute the present spate of
industrial unrest in the country to him. The unions have also attributed the
ministry's failure to act as a bridge between management and employees to
him," the statement said.

The labour leaders who signed the statement are Mr Holosi Mapempe, CSUZ
general secretary; Mr Ndawa Soko ZULAWU general secretary; Mr Albert Chibale
ZNUT general secretary; and Mr Willie Mbewe general secretary of NUPSW.

The labour leaders demand for Mr Hapunda's removal is a culmination of indus-
trial unrest stemming from workers' demands for K50 salary increments.

CSO: 3400/534

122


ANGOLA

BENIN

JPRS-SSA- 85-020

13 March 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

Dos Santos Speech at MPLA Conference Opening Highlighted
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 2 Feb 85) Peco reece ereeeensereuecseee

UK Paper Discusses Iron Fist Warfare Exercise in Operational Area
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 2 Feb 85) ...sccessecsseeseeseeeeeees

Briefs
3,000 Guerrillas Shot in 1984

Norwegian Firm Helping To Develop Country's Oil Industry
(Morten Woldsdal; AFTENPOSTEN, 24 Jan 85) .ececececececes

BOTSWANA

Minister of External Affairs Lauds Chinese Economic Assistance
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 29 Jan 85) See ewer cece etre ne rsevces

Country Reportedly Braced for Big Infiltration by ANC
(THE DAILY NEWS, 28 Jan 85) Dene eee emer ere neeeeeereereee

Experts Forecast Better Economic Year
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 16 Jan 85) ..scececccececececececes

Special EEC Aid Finalized
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 29 Jan 85) .....0-

Minister Mogwe Discusses Rural Developments
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 23 Jan 85) ...

Unemployment Still High
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 21 Jan 85) ....0.

Diamonds Earn Country 554 Million
(Jowitt Mbongwe; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 18 Jan 85) ......0-

10

11

13

14



LAY-OFFS DOMINATE LABOR SCENE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 11 Feb 85 p 4

[Article by Phillip van Niekerk]

[Text]

cso;

LAY OFFS continue to
dominate the labour scene.
Perhaps the major trend
this year is the increasing
number of mainly white

middle-class employees.

finding themselves on the
street.

* For mainly black unskilled and
semi-skilled workers the first
wave of lay offs in the present
slump was way back in 1982. For
skilled workers the lay offs of the

ast few months are a whole new _

all game.

In fact, precedents established
by emerging unions, which have
been negotiating and fighting
court cases over lay offs for near-
ly three years, will, ironically
provide some protection for the
now-threatened workers wth
more skill.

This month the General Work-
ers’ Union managed in the indus-
trial court to gain the interim
reinstatement of an artisan em-
ployed by Dorbyl Marine in Cape

‘own.

3400/636

101

In his judgement, Advocate P
Roux as a guideline the prin-
ciples set out by Mr D P Ehlers,
now president of the court, in the

case of Shezi and others versus ~

Consolidated Frame Corporation.
‘These were that there should be

JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

sufficient warning to the employ- -

ee and his representatives; that
the selection be made on the basis
of fair criteria and under consid-
eration of representions made by
employee representatives ‘on se-
lection; and that the employee to
be laid off should be consulted.
~ Mr Roux found that the com-
pany had summarily informed
the worker, Mr Cyril Petersen, of
his selection ta be laid off without
giving adequate warning im
nor ihe GWU,

This may have deprived them
of the chance to look for options,
such’ as short-time or reduc
wages,

“A further principle which
emerges from a failure to allow
due prior representation is that
equity and fairness should not
only be applied but be seen to’ be
applied,” he found.



DAM ‘LO BE REACTIVATED ‘TO IMPROVE FARMING

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Jan 85 p 9

{Article hy Wazirt Garba]

(text ]

cso;

KATINI dam project in Ningi
Local Government area of,
Bauchi State is to be reactivated,
to encourage all-season farming,
in the area, the. state Commis-
sioner for Agriculture Alhaii
Dahiru Jibir Gombe has said. _

Contract for the construction of
the dam was awarded in 1983 by:
the defunct civilian administra-
tion in the state but work on it
“was later suspended,

Commissioner said at the
opening of the Bauchi division of
the agricultural show in Ningi at
the weekend that unfavourable
weather in the state necessitated:
the reactivation of the dam to
aast all- ear farming.

he project design is expected toy
be completed this year and ‘con
struction will take off soon after.
 Athaji Jibir said. 2

When completed, the Katini
dam would ide dry season ir-
rigation, facilities’ on ‘an area of.
about 1,900 hectares of land.

The commissioner appealed {o-
farmers* present’ at the
agricultural exhibition to avail

: themselves of the various seeds,

3400/501.

61

‘assist all interested f2
-the’state, adding that farmers in

agricultural extension services
and other new. developmenis it*
agriculture at,the show and ér-
bark on large-scale irrigated fat
ming. 7. ena
Government he. said

Warji.. Dass, Toro and Duguri
areas. were already benefitting
from the dry season ‘fadama”
programme of the state Ministry
of- Agriculture .and_ thé. Bauchi
State Agricultural Development
rogramme. woe
Alhaji Dabiru also disclosed
-wat the ministry was stepping up
precautionary .measures to en-
sure that cattle infested, with
diseases’ were prevented ‘from
spreading the diseases to healthy
ones, . .
‘On food preservation, the com-
missioner urged research institu-
tions and centres in the country to,
fake’ the lead in  findi new
methods of improving on the pre-
sent ways of preservation. and
storage of farm crops. _

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NIGERIA



COUNTRY FACES MOUNTING HUNGER PROBLEM

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 25 Jan 85 ps

[Text]

WINDHOEK: SWA/Na-
mibia faces a mounting
hunger problem as the

seasonal rains continue _

to hold off, and unem-
ployment — especially
in the dry southern
farmlands — leaves
thousands without
means to buy food.

The Red Cross in
SWA/Namibia is contin-
uing to supply supple-
mentary food for 20000
schoolchildren in the
southern regions of Na-
maland and Rehoboth
as well as in the north-
western Kaokoland.

But the organisation’s
regional director, Mrs
Ruth Kiwi, says Red
Cross funds are dwin-
dling.

“The problem is now
worse than it has ever
been, and we need help
desperately.

“If the rains come
this year we will still

cso: 3400/626

have to continue the
feeding programme for
at least another year. If
the rains don’t fall, I
hate to think what

might happen,” she said. .

The Red Cross began
providing rations for
one hot meal a day at
schools in Kaokoland
and Namaland in 1982,
and the distribution of
the food has since been
taken over by the De-
partment of National
Health and Welfare.

Mrs Kiwi says there
has been a 12-15 per-
cent increase in school
attendance at. Nama-
land schools since the
feeding programme
began “because the chil-
dren know they will at
least get one hot meal a
day.”
There have been’ no
reports of child deaths

related to hunger in re-
cent years.

The chief of public
hygiene in SWA/Nami-
bia, Mr Michiel Mans,
said the situation had
not yet become as seri-

- ous as in 1981, when at

47

least three children died
of malnutrition,

But after one of the
driest Decembers and
Januaries on record, Mr
Man fears the situation
could deteriorate rapid-
ly. Good rains fell in
Kaokoland last year,
providing grazing for
the badly depleted cat-
tle population of the
rugged region.

But reports frorn the
south say that hundreds
of unemployed people
are being dumped in the
black townships of
centres like Keetmans-

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

hoop and Karasburg, be-
cause the sheep farmers
cannot ‘afford to keep
them on their lands.
Meanwhile the Nama
second tier authority
has announced that it is
being forced ‘to stop its
feeding subsidies to
about a thousand fami-
lies, because funds have
dried up.
: “If we don’t get rain
in the next month or
two, then we will real-
ly have trouble on our,
hands,” Mr Mans said. -
The Red Cross has:
appealed to Southern
African aid organisa-
tions to help with funds.
The Red Cross in
SWA/Namibia received
nearly R250 000 in aid
last year — about
R25 000 of it from South
African or Namibian
donors. Most of the aid
comes from Austria and
West Germany.



¥iith Lancers. Potgieter pursued the Jancers but was prevented from giving
the coup de grace by an order from Gencral Joubert. later, in an armoured
train engagement near Estcourt, Krugersdorp men took Winston Churchil prisoner,

Krugersdorpers also played a great part in capturing General Butler's arti]-
lery in the fine victory at Colanso, where lt Freddie Roberts, only son of
the british cowmander-in- chief, Lord Roberts, diced in a heroic but hopeless
attempt to recapture the guns.

Among, the Krugersdorp heroes to enmcerge now were Captain Danie Theron, the
legendary scout, Comandant Sarel Oosthuizen and Field Cornet Jan Kemp, both
of whom later became yencrals, ‘The British writer M. Davitt wrote of Theron:
“ie lics buried near the town which has probably contributed more heroes to
the war than any other in the two republics."

On to Spleenkop where fittingly, the two officers Oosthuizen and Kemp remain-
ed on the mountain from where they and a handful of faithful men saw the Brit-
ish Arny retreat back across the Tugela.

At Loschrand, 75 Krugersdorpers were among the last to leave when over-
whelmed by a vastly superior force.

Then came the battle for Pietershogete, in the Col o Heights, and the finest
feat of arms in the unit's history. Three fiery Irish regiments, the
Jniskillings, the Dublin Fusillers and the Connaughts, were twice beaten back
although fighting with superhuman courage and backed by the biggest artillery
barrage of the war. The men of Krugersdorp and kustenburg, after seven days of
fighting, stood firm with theix wounded Comwdt Potgleter. A few days later
they were finally overwhelmed by massive forces and bayonetted as they stood
upright in their trenches, stubbornly firing to the last.

She long guerrilla struggle followed, with Nooitgedacht a notable victory and
Roodewal # depressing defeat after a brave fight. Tven at the bitter end the
Krugersdorpers told their spokesman, General Kemp, to vote against accepting,
the british terms. They were stil] in the field and resolved to die rather
than Jose their independence. but in spite of a defiant speech by Kemp, only
six of the 60 Boer delegates voted to continue the fight, and peace came on
31 May 1902.

‘whe modern Krugersdorp Commando caxrics a power of tradition in its shoulder
flash, which features the revered Paardekraal Monument on a green background.
This cowmenorates the historic gathering of the first outcry for independence,
on 16 December 1860. Thousands of burgers, furious at british annexation under
Shepstone, cast stones on a symbolic heap as they pledged to regain their free-
dom.

Krugersdorp Commando's most illustrious commander of the modern day was prob-
ably Jt Col Gert Roodt, who was 0C from 1948 to 1950. A Special Service Bat
talion man, he commanded armoured reconnaissance units in the desert, was
Director of Armour and Infantry at Ncfence RQ in 1941, and Chief of Staff to
General Brink in 1943. In 1945 he became Chief of Staff to the Sixth Armoured
Division in Italy.

96


EXPULSION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS LEADS TO BOYCOTT

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 7 Feb 85 pp 1, 20

[Article by Emman Omari]

[Text]

THREE students were yesterday expelled from

. the University of Nairobi and the Government
_ withdrew sponsorship for five others, according

to an official notice by University Vice-

~ Chancellor Prof. Joseph Maina Mungai.

Those expelled are former student leader, Mr. Julius
Mganga Mwandawiro,.a postgraduate in linguistics, ase-

_ cond year engineering student, Mr. Karimi Nduthu and

a second year law student, Mr. Philip Tirop.

Those. whose .sponsor-
ship has been withdrawn

- are Gacheche wa Miano,

Zachariah O-K. Ondieki,
John Gupta Thiongo,
Athanasia Opondo and
Martin Okumu.
According to the notice
signed by Prof. Mungai,
the university council ‘has
instructed the — eight
‘students to vacate the col-
lege premises immediately.
Other students will con-
tinue with classes normally.
FoJlowing this .action,

the ‘students -yesterday |

boycotted classes in ‘‘sym-
pathy”’ with eight students
demanding an explanation
leading to their removal.

They called a kamukun-,

Ji (meeting) at the great
court and demanded au-
dience with the vice-
chancellor.

Notices for the. meeting

, went up yesterday morning
“galling the students to at-

tend after word had gone

21

qround that” the students
; were expelled. The letter of
“expulsion served to three
Students, signed by deputy
vice-chancellor (Finance)
Prof. Philip Mbithi says,
“Following a directive
received on February 5,
1985-from the Government
of the Republic of Kenya
that your “sponsorship is
withdrawn and that you be

_. expelled from the universi-

ty, the Council of the,
* Nairobi University, under’
the provisions 0! Section
* 12(1j, and. 12(2)(e)' of the
University-of Nairobi Act
1970, decided, at its special
«meeting held at 3 p.m. on
February 5, 1985, to expel
you from the university
with immediate effect.’’
“Tt adds that the students
should vacate the university
premises. immediately. And
according to the letter sent to
those whose. sponsorship was
withdrawn, the council
1 “decided that since you cur-

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 > March 1985

KENYA



JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEVS

TRADE AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH CZECHOSLOVAK LA---Caborone: Botswana and Czecho-
slovakia yesterday signed a trade agreement in order. to strengthen theli
relationship and develop mitual trade. ‘The agreement was signed in the Of--
flee of the President. ‘The Minister of Commerce and Industry Mr M. P. K.
Nwako signed on behal€ of Botswana Government while the Director General in
the Federal Ministry of Foreign ‘teade, Me Josef Koci signed-on behalf of his
country, After the signing, Mr Nwako said that Botswana were looking forward
to the days when raw materials would be imported from Czechoslovakia into
Botswana. He said that the agreement would be important for as long as it was
honoured by both countries despite the long distance that separates the two
countries. Mr Nwako said that he wished that the agreement should go a Jong
way in strengthening trade relations between the two countries. Mr Koei,

said in response to Mr Nwako's remarks that he hoped that the trade agreement
would’ be followed Later by economic and technical agreements. He also said
that his country would be happy to see raw materials imported from his country
into Botswana. The agreement which became effect ive immediately after the
signing, valid for three years but with the provision for Eurther renewals,
[Text] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DALLY NEWS in English 15 Jan 85 p 1]

C80: 3400/6238

17



“Also to be taken into account .
is that the pick-and-shovel approach
can often turn out to be very ex-
pensive. Then we have to weigh so-
ciological as well as purely econom-
ic arguments.”

The advantages of the. pick-and-
shovel approach in special circum-
stances, the commission feels, have
been demonstrated in recent
months by a programme in which it
inspired Government departments
to dip into their funds to finance
‘ary projects in rural. areas
al unemployment prob-

Without’a lot of fanfare, the Gov-
ernment laid aside R27 million for a

Variety of‘projetts that ranged from

road building to:dam construction.

The regult::40000 new jobs were

" created -. with: careful attention

to.ensufing'thé projects entailed
lasting benefits to the local com-
mii

_ A'Special action, committee creat-
ed to encourage. such projects in-
tends going back: to the Govern-
ment for more gash to create more
jobs to tide particular areas ever

Black Man's Burden

bad unemployment patches caused
by the drought and the recession.

But there are many economists
who warn that South Africa will
hold back on high technology in fa-
vour of labour intensity at its peril.

“Consider the material progress
of mankind”; says ‘Mr Hugh Farqu-
harson, an economist at the Council
for Scientific and Industrial Re-
search.

“Each development in technique
— whether sickle to scythe, sail to
steam, horse to locomotive, steam
to petroleum, clerks to computers
— initially cost jobs in their thou-
sands or millions.

“But they were simultaneously an
essential part of the means of pro-
viding many more jobs than they
displaced because by reducing costs
and prices they encouraged consum-
er demand”.

And if the country fumbles in
moving into the hi-tech age?

“South Africa”, he argues, “far
from paying her way in the. world,
will become a not very significant
peninsula of western Asia”.

Under-Educated black workers aged under 30 are hardest hit by unemployment
in South Africa.

A count taken 18 months ago from the Current Population Survey showed that
blacks accounted for 30 percent of the 550 000 recorded as unemployed.

Two-thirds of them never studied beyond primary school level, 21 per cent
had no education or had gone no higher than standard one and 17 percent only
got to standard two or three.

Only three in every 100 of the overall total of jobless blacks had stayed on
to matric level,

And an analysis showed that nearly two in every three were under 30.

Teenagers accounted for 18 percent of the jobless and a stunning 42 percent

of the total were aged between 20 and 29,

Females fared worst of all.

blacks was 8,1 percent.

The rate for women was 13,5 percent.
proved important.

For men, it was 5,7 percent,
The overall unemployment rate in the PWV complex was 6,4

The survey's overall rate of unemployment for

Geography

percent, but it rose to 12,2 percent in the Western Cape and peaked at 14,9
percent in the Eastern Cape.

CSO;

3400/636

100


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

KENYA

BRIKES

STUDENT CASUALTINS--One student died and another was seriously injured during
the Sunday morning disturbances at the University of Nairobi playground, police
confirmed yesterday. A police spokesman said tnvestigations to establish the
circumstances which led to the death were still continuing. "We are not sure
whether the studeut died from a stampede by other students or not," he said,

Ue added that the name of the student would not be released until the next of
kin were informed, The spokesman said another student was still in hospital in
eritical condition following the incident. Independent sources said the stu-
dent was a female who may have been trampled upon by other students running
away Crom police, Reports from Kenyatta National. Uospital said more students
were still nursing injuries at the hospital, The students, admitted in the
hospital's old wing are said to have €ractured Limbs, but hospital authorities
were unavailable for more details. [Mxcerpt] [Arttele by Mmman Omari]
(Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in Iinglish 12 Feb 85 p 1]

COUP PARTICEPANTS' SENTENCES REDUCED-~The Migh Court yesterday reduced the
sentences of nine ex-airmen of the disbanded Kenya Air Force who had appealed
against sentences {imposed ou them by a court martial for mutiny relating to the
activities of the August 1, 1982, coup bid. Mc. Justice D. C. Porter also
dismissed the appeals of another eight, also jailed for mutiny. Among those
whose sentences were veduced are Nyamori Robert Mugabe who had appealed

agalust. an L8-yoar-jail term. This was reduced to five years. Silvanus Ogina
Nyangufu had his 13-year-jail texm reduced to nine years. Peter Gitatu had a
uine-year-jall texm reduced to 6 years; Peter Chacha's nine years were re~
duced to six years; Juma Boma Omar's 18 years were reduced to 9 yeaa Lawrence
Ngure Njoroge had his 12 years reduced to 4; Barrack Ossembo's 5 years were
tedueced to 3 years; Henry Ashihundu's 8 yeacs were reduced to 6 years, Awong
those whose sentences were dismissed are Adam {smael Mutinde who had appealed
against a reduced sentence of 3 years, [Text] [Article by Mdward Rihnaa]
(Natvobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 12 Yeb 85 p 3]

TOY PISTOLS BANNED---President Moi has banned toy pistols with immediate ef-
feet. te has also ordered anybody in possession of such a pistol to burn
fox their own sake, Addressing a delegation of ex-freedom fighters, who had
called on him at his Kabarak home, the President. noted that it was not
for a mwanancht to distinguish between a toy and a teal pistol. "A pe
carrying a toy pistol may order you to Lie down and take away all your prop-
erky, while if you knew that Lt was only a toy, you would fight back," the

29



JPRS-SSA-85--020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE FISHING FIRMS TO DELIST

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Feb 85 p 8

[Article by Paul Dold]
[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — One of the

best-known fishing groups,

Kaap Kunene, and its diversi-
fied associate, Suiderland, with
a market value of R93m, are
heading for delisting.

The Du Preez and Neethling fam-
ilies, which hold control, are making a
R45m cash offer to minorities.

The Kaap Kunene offer is being
pitched at 420c and Suiderland at
130c. Suiderland owns some 38% of
Kaap Kunene, which is well above the
historic net asset value of around 398c
and 108c, respectively.

In addition, holders of the 10% cu-
mulative prefs in Kaap Kunene are
being offered R1 a share.

Suiderland was suspended at 93c
and Kaap Kunene at 310c. In view of

oor prospects and limited tradeab-
lity of the two shares, minorities
should leap at the offers.

A total of 1,3m /tiderland shares

CSO; 3400/636

and 724 000 Kaap Kunene shares were
traded in 1984. Kaap Kunene’s price
ranged from a high of 435c to a low of
305c, and Suiderland’s between 155¢
and 90c. ’

However, the proposed scheme of
arrangement will probably cause in-
depth analyses by brokers to see whe-
ther minorities are getting a good
deal, a delisting of companies being a
rare occurence in Diaginal Street.

The Du Preez and Neethling fam-
ilies say the offer is being made be-
cause of the trend of the economy.

The fishing outlook appears far
from bright, with Kaap Kunene catch-
ing only 13 000 ‘tons of a 200 000-ton
anchovy quota last year.

In addition, the Chilean invest-
ments have not performed as expect-
ed and fish exports to South Africa
from Chile have been affected by.the
falling rand.

Suiderland, which has widespread
interests, is feeling the downturn in
the building industry.

110

The group is, however, negotiating
with Armscor over compensation for
land which was expropriated last
year.

Major institutional shareholders
have not yet been consulted on the
offer. As the bid is being made
through a scheme of arrangement, the
controlling shareholders will not be
voting their shares and minorities
will have a free vote. i

It is estimated that the offer will
cost the Neethling and Du Preez fam-
ilies some R40m in cash, but this will
be offset by the grou ’s cash holdings,
which vary during the fishing season
and are probably between R20m to

What makes the bid intriguing is
that with current high money market
rates, this sum could easily yield a
gross 20% plus, while Kaap Kunene is
currently on a yield of only about 9%.

The share has weakened in line with
the fishing sector and is close to 12-
month lows.


the conservation of this valuable economic resource and to measures preventing
the losses tn foreign cucrency that result Feom the entry of ivory tnto iL-
Legal trade."

Vor Zimbabwe one of the biggest poaching problems is Fish poaching according
to De Child. Ue said the Sabi-luadi river system had been “totally £ ished
out", and the department was Las isting that fishermen fish the hard way --
with rod and Line tustead of with nets, This was, however, being resisted.

fle sald poachers tu general, were very determined criminals who were some--
times quite dangerous. "they will use anything to get what they want. We've
had several chaps hurt and two killed stace independence."

Ue said poachers were wantonly killing animals without regard to the comun-
ity, which could benefit greatly from wildlife conservation.

"the poacher is making Lt impossible to develop a rational way of using wild
Life and he's doing it for pucely anti-social, selfish reasons...he is a
straight crook,"

While most poachers, when caught, clatmed to be feeding a hungary Family,
"we know from a huge volume of evidence that 99,9 percent of poaching in
this country is cowmercial", said De Child.

Most local. poachers ware paid by "big guys"--some who might not even be in
Zimbabwe, he said. The department was therefore tackling the problem at

> P
grassroots, middlemen and “entreprenouc" poacher levels.

But because of a certain sympathy towards poachers by peasants, Lt was some-
Limes difficult to eateh them. Dr Child said his department was going to be
teaching people that the poacher was not a “Robin food" ‘or someone who w:
merely aaughty, while at the same thie teaching them the benefits of wildLif

C80; 3400/6533 END

131



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS RAISED ABOUT KUDU GAS FIELD
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 30 Jan 85 p 7
[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

QUESTIONS continue
to arise over the issue of
the Kudu gasfield, par-
ticularly as to whether
Namibia will benefit ful-
ly from this potentially
tich deposit.

Fears that once again
Namibians will have to
negotiate for benefits from
their own natural resources
have not been removed
despite reassurances to the
contrary.

This came strongly to
the fore at a meeting of the
Namibia ‘Educational
Forum in Windhoek last

week and was underlined:

by controversial local
businessman Mr Eric
Lang.

Fears have been further
aggravated by a report in
the Afrikaans newspaper
Rapport on Sunday where
the gasfield is mentioned in
terms of providing SA’s
future fuel requirements in
an article on the possibility
of SA acquiring “three new
Sasols”.

DISTRUST
Secretary of Finance ,Dr
Johan Jones, who addres-
sed the meeting on the
Namibian economy, had to
field repeated questions
directly related to distrust

of South African involve-
ment with Namibia’s
finances. Not least the
Kudu gasfield.

Mr Lang felt this mis-
jtrust towards SA was the
most important thing to
emerge from the meeting
and added if was not con-
fined to the meeting but ex-
isted throughout __the
country.

In a subsequent inter-
view with The Advertiser,
he elaborated on pertinent
questions being asked
about the Kudu gasfield,
which have not yet been
satisfactorily dealt with.

They include:

@ What is going to be in it
for SWA and who is going
to represent SWA’s in-
terests?

@ Are we going to end up
in the same situation as
with Rossing where Nami-

bians hold no equity and’

where equity is held by SA
interests?

@ Will there be any
benefit apart from taxes?
@ What will be done with
the gas? Will it be taken to
some other country?

SIGNIFICANT
Mr Lang said the Kudu
gasfield could prove the
most significant factor in

53

the Namibian economy.
And although figures being

‘bandied around at the mo-

ment meant nothing and
were unsubstantiated, these
questions needed to be
answered nonetheless,

If the resource proved as
valuable as the country’s
diamond _ resources, ; Mr
Lang added, “we should
look ‘to our neighbour,
Botswana, for advice on
how to get the fairest
benefit”. an

“We should be looking
for a greater share than a
purely tax income,” he
said. “Historically this has
shown we end up being
manipulated so that the tax
share of the resources
becomes an_ insignificant
share of the whole.”

SWAKOR SHARES

Sapa reported last week
that all shares in Swakor,
the Namibian sister com-
pany of Soekor, were local-
ly held. And further, that
the announcement of the
proposed development of
the Kudu gasfield had been.
Preceded by talks between
the Administrator General,
Dr Willie van Niekerk, the
SA Department of Foreign
Affairs and Soekor.

At the same time The
Advertiser learnt that the
First National Develop-



This has created most of the new jobs in the US during recent years, especial-
ly in fields like computers (service, analysis and programming), fast foods,
nursing and nursing aids, computer learning, sports instruction and health
care,

The coming age of industrial robots, which in a Japanese five-year plan will
reduce labour in assembly-line plants by half, will replace four million
jobs in the US during the next 15 years, and such robots are already increas-
ing by 35 to 45 percent a year, Labour unrest in South Africa will also
hasten the planned use of robotics.

It is part of a new age with its own built-in unemployment crisis, when
“smokestack" industry is being replaced by "flashing digit" industry, a pro-
cess in which South Africa will inevitably follow the American experience,

Engineering a Great Future

Want to ensure that you will never join the ranks of the unemployed in South
Africa, come this or any future recession? Want to enjoy good pay and status
into the bargain?

If so, drop everything and become an engineer.

So says a new report brought out for the Federation of Societiés of Profes—
sional Engineers which highlights such a scarcity of engineers that "for the
foreseeable future there will be more than two jobs available for every young
graduate engineer".

The report, drawn up by Dr Philip Lloyd and Professor Bob Plewman, says the
direst shortages of engineers are especially in the fields of civil and heavy-
current electrical engineering.

In civil engineering every student graduating in the late 1980s can expect to
have a choice of more than three available jobs. Heavy-current electrical
graduates will be in even more demand: each graduate will have four vacancies
waiting for him,

Drs Lloyd and Plewman say that the supply of new engineers has grown from 850
to 1 250 during the past decade, part of it through immigrant engineers, vary-

ing between 30 percent and 10 percent since 1976. Yet the annual demand dur-
ing the decade rose from 1 900 to 2 800.

CSO: 3400/636

107



A. a consequence of ur-
ban encroachment and the
Group Areas Act, the
Indian-farming community
is reduced to 1,8 percent,
compared with nearly 13
percent in 1950.

Small farmers of all race
groups are eliminated
through regulations applied
by Control Boards,

Rural development pro-
grammes must be encour-
aged to exploit the exper-
tise, skills and initiative,

ticularly of the Indian

farmers.

Tt would also contribute
to reducing the rate of ur-
banisation, and the unem-
ployment and the housing
crisis in the cities.

Land, Bank loans for
small farmers could entice
the le back to the land.

This session of Parlia-
ment must also address it-
self to the serious problem
of the housing backlog in
the Indian communi ty
especially for those in
lower socio-economic

etch research and ex-

perimentation have al-

ready taken

lace, and there

sufficient infor-
mation to imple- °
ment low-cost
housing schemes
and self-help
housing —_pro-
frames. More
land for housing
must also be iden-
tified.

Solidarity re- |
cognises the role
of the business-

man in the constitutional, |
social and economic re-
form, and welcomes the ini- |
tiative taken by South Afri- |
ca’s leading businessmen in
Johannesburg last week.

It is imperative now that
the powerful business sec-
tor throws in its full weight
towards the realisation of
these goals. |

Sues pill take fall
advant uni-
ites afford in padtament i
to urge the Government to ;
articulate clearly its plans
for the constitutional evel:
opment e le
in order to ensure all

South Africans are repre-
sented in the highest deci.
gion-making body in the
Jan

This is going to be the
most challenging issue in
1985. ene

To that end, Solidarity
will co-operate fully wil
all groups in Parliament
who are committed to these
ideals in order to acceler-
ate the pace of peaceful re-
form in South Africa as a
means to creating a normal
society,

Archimedes, a Greek
mathematician, observed
the vast power of the ful-
crum. He said: “Give me a
standing place and I will
move the world.”

In a sense, the Constitu-
tion provides a “standing

- place” and a fulcrum to be

used to strengthen our

cause for a free South

Africa,

ti There must be frustra-
ions in any reform process,

but it also offers Few op-

portunities.

Now is the time for South
Africans to rise to these
challenges. In the diversity
among groups, unity must
be forged on shared convie-

ions.

{
i

Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert: "The Test is to Oppose"

E start the 1985

Session of Parlia-

ment with an un-

tested and entire-
ly new constitution.
Inevitably a great deal of
time is going to be taken
up by all the parties in-
volved in getting to know
the ropes.

The time for posturing
and bluster is over. Now we
are going to find out what is
possible and whether the
promised goods can be de-
ivered.

It is also important to re-
member that this new con-
stitution was marketed and
promoted as a “reform”
constitution, as a mecha-
nism of constitutional
change that could meet the
aspirations and needs of the

eople more effectively
Than the old one.

It is, in other words, a

71

constitution that has gen-
erated expectations of re-
form. What does “reform”
actually mean in the South
African context?

I think one can distin-
guish between two kinds of
Feform: symbolic and mate-
rial

mbolic reform is the

that changes the status

of the individual — it is es-
sentially legal reform.

Dilemma

Thus, if racist and dis-
criminatory laws are
scrapped from the statute
books, the majority of
ple who are affect by

‘such laws will experience a _,

change in status.

For example, consider |

what a change in influx
controlTMlaws, the Group
Areas Act, the Political In-



JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

KENYA

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO BE TRIED IN CANERA
Nairobi SUNDAY NATION in English 10 Feb 85 pp 1, 28

[Article by Paul Muhoho]

[Text]

Fourteen University of Nairobi
students appeared in a Nairobi
court on Friday but the charges
against them were not
immediately known because
newsmen were not allowed into
the courtroom.

The students arrived in the
courts in a prison lorry shortly
before 6 p.m. and were
immediately whisked into one of
the rooms to be charged before
the Chief Magistrate, Mr H. H.
Buch.

‘They were under a heavy
escort, comprising the regular_
police, the Administration Police,
the CID, and plainclothes men.

The public including the Press
were cleared from the court
corridors. The Press had been
waiting the whole day for the
students to appear. .

After all the court gates were
locked, the students were ushered
in and the proceedings started.

The session lasted only 15
minutes, however. The Sunday
Nation tried in vain to get into
the courtroom, even after appeals
tothe Security men,

Sunday Nation photographer
Joseph Thuo was warned several
times not to attempt to take
photographs of the students.

e head of prosecution at the
Nairobi Law Courts, Supt’
Samwel Kilemi, was expected to
lead the State’s case against the

After the proceedings, the
students were whisked away in
the prison lorry, ‘escorted by
several CID vehicles but their
destination was not known.

On Thursday night, Nairobi
area’s CID officers were question-
ing about 18’ students from the

CSO: 3400/657

Nairobi University picked up as
they drove to Kenyatta Univer-
sity College in a Land-Rover they
were suspected to have comman-
deered from the main campus.

Confirming the arrests and
subsquent questioning of the
students, a spokesman at the
Kenya Police Headquarters said
on Thursday night that the
vehicle had been recovered at a
road block near Roysambu on the
outskirts of the city.

The Land-Rover had allegedly
been commandeered from the
Nairobi University College’s
transport section and _is used to
ferry students from Chiromo to
the main campus.

Later én Thursday, when the !

students launched a “harambee”
funds drive for a court injuction
réstraining the Government, from
expelling students, it was decided
at the students’ kamukunji
(meeting at the Great Court) that
some students volunteer to rush
to the Kenyatta University
College campus and organise a
funds meeting so that the
required Sh10,000 could be
raised.

‘The volunteers were quickly
available and they took off in the
Land-Rover alleged to have been
commandeered. Immediately
after the alleged commandeering,
police were alarted and mounted
roadblocks on all the routes the
students were expected to follow.

The roadblocks were manned
by armed policerheén in riot gear.

Meanwhile, one of the students
expelied from the University of

airobi, Mr Mwandawiro
Mghanga, continued to defy the
order by the Vice-Chancellor Prof
Maina Mungai requiring him to
leave the campus and not to

23

address any Kamukunji when he
addressed students at the Univer-
sity sports ground yesterday
morning.

Mr Mwandawiro told the
students that the eight students
sent away from the university
were willing to go home and leave
the rest continue with learning as
long as they were told their
mistakes by the university
authorities through the right
channels,

He said: “We have a laid down
disciplinary procedure at the
university and it is unfortunate
that it has not been followed in
our case. If we are told our
mistakes, if any exists at all, and
we are guilty, then we shall have
to guit the campus but not now!”

The students reiterated their
Friday return-to-books formula
which demands that the eight
students remain at the university
until the disciplinary committee
has looked into their case.

They added: “But if the
Government and the university
authorities continue giving us a
cold. shoulder when we are
peacefully looking for an end to
this situation, then we shall have
no alternative but continue with
the boycott.”

‘The students strongly condem:
ned the Kenya Times editorial
and their main front page story
calling on them to end the
boycott while at the same time
quoting 20 parents who have
appealed to the students to end
the boycott. _

They shouted: ‘Those 20
parents are ones whose children

ve been admitted early to the
university, if not they are just 20
policemen!



JPRS-SSA-85~-020
13 March 1985

for South Africa looks like
materialising next year, Mr
Justice Cecil Margo, chair-
man of the Standing Advisory
Committee on Company
Law, said at the weekend.

‘The present protection of
shareholders in take-overs
and mergers is considered in-
adequate. A take-over panel
would be equipped to investi-
gate the merits of any major

leals and would decide whe-
ther there had been fair dis-
closure enabling sharehold-
ers and relevant parties to
come to a decision.

An important meeting of a
special sub-committee of the
advisory gommittee .consid-
ering proposals for a panel
was slated for this Thursday
said Mr Justice Margo.

He said, however: “It ma;
be that a take-over panel
got going to be accepted.
There is opposition, or rather
I should say different views,
and we cannot steam roller
any through.”

‘he committee, having
had sight of the City of Lon:
lon proposals for a panel,
was vrenthusiastic” Bbout
their applicability in South
Africa.

CSO: 3400/636

Legal observers say there
appears to be some support
for the idea of the Registrar
‘of Companies in South Africa
having judicial powers simi-
lar to those enjoyed by other
branches, of officialdom
which act against deals that
are not in the public interest.

There is support for
more financial resources be-
ing made available, particu-
larly to the SA Police, for
detecting financial crime.

he Committee has just

ublished a ion on
the fature abn the
Companies rowi

to the public for com-
ment. Since its commence-
ment in 1974, the Act has

amended nine times.

This unfortunately has not
brought South Africa any-|
where near perfection. Com-
ny law in general, and the
mpanies Act in particular,
still suffer from defects that
require attention. _

Justice Margo said the
committee was fully aware|
of the disadvantages sof too

ently chan; sys-
ern reguating Tirade of

89

SOUTH AFRICA
CORPORATE TAKE-OVER LEGISLATION NEARS
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 10 Feb 85 pl
[Article by Lawrence Bedford]
[Text ] ierporated business enter-

manner and at a pace that
would avoid disruption and
show the clearest apprecia-
tion for practical consider.
ations.

The committee believed it
could best perform its func-
tion as adviser to the govern-
ment on company law devel-
opment by identifying and
publicising defects’ in com-
pany law which were in need
of reform.

Expertise

A major objective is to use
all available expertise in
company law for construc-
tive development. The com-
mittee hopes in this way to
influence the direction ‘and
topics of academic research
and publication. Ideas and
Proposals which are’ ma
available to the committee
will get careful attention.

In addition to the take-
overs panel issue, the com-
mittee has identified a num-
ber of problem areas. It said
the distinction between pub-
lic and private companies
was questionable, with the in-
troduction of the Close Cor-
porations Act clearly
‘strenj ing an iment
for abolishing the distinction.
fi A fundamental weakness
from a policy point of view is
that those dng companies
can often ignore the obliga-

, tions and requirements of

Companies Act and common
law. In effect retain all
their benefits under the sys-
tem — often at the expense of
creditors.



JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

BENIN '

NORWEGIAN FIRM HELPING TO DEVELOP COUNTRY'S OIL INDUSTRY
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 24 Jan 85 p 33
/article by Morten Woldsdal: "Oil Funds With Norwegian Aid"/

[Text/ Cotonou, Benin, January--Saga Petroleum will help
the West African People's Republic of Benin--one of the
world's poorest countries--to obtain more money from its oil
operation. Since 1979, the Norwegian oil firm has developed
and operated Benin's only oil field. An agreement on expand-
ing the operation will be signed in the near future, so that
Benin will be able to increase considerably its oil revenues.

So far, over 900 million kroner have been invested in the Seme-field here in
Benin. Eighty-five percent of the investments are financed through Norwegian
export credits, with the Institute for Export Credit Guafantees playing a
central role. Norway has supplied goods and services amounting to approximately
700 million kroner. Stord Verft A/S, Vigard A/S, Orkanger, Kvaerner Engineering
and Wilh. Wilhelmsen are among the Norwegian companies which have participated
heavily in the development. Saga has 40 employees in Benin in addition to

more than 300 recruited locally.

At present, Saga is conducting negotiations with the authorities in the People's
Republic of Benin concerning an expansion of the Seme-field operation. An
agreement regarding the start of phase 2 of the project will be signed shortly.
Such a phase 2--if implemented according to plans--will involve new investments
of more than 400 million kroner. These investments will be underwritten by

the World Bank and the European Investment Bank.

Phase 2 includes the drilling of new exploratory wells. Saga expects the field
to be larger than previously thought. The new wells will show if this is
correct. If the drillings proceed the way Saga hopes they will, two basic and
one more advanced platform will be installed in addition to the four platforms
presently available for oil: production.

011 production from the Seme-field is very modest by Norwegian standards--
approximately just 7,000 barrels of oil per day, which corresponds to 1/10 the
production from the mail Valhall-field in the North Sea. With the phase 2
expansion, daily production can be increased to approximately 1,000 barrels.


terference Act could mean
for people in this country.

Material reform, on the
other hand, refers to the ex-
penditure of money; expen-
diture that will either
or narrow the gap in state
expenditure for housing,
education, trai and
health between e Sifter.
ent poy . in
South ‘Mica. fone

For symbolic reform to
take place in this new con-
stitut the Government
will have to display a polit
cal will to face wy the
“right wing threat” as it
perceives it. aoe

That is all that is holdi
back the scrapping of racis

This “right ‘wing threat!
is both ‘inside and outside
the National Party and the

1985 session:will clearly be |

an opportunity for the NP.
to dpiay ‘such: political

~ For material reform to
take lace not only political
will is necessary but also
the economic means to do
so a)

matter how good the inten-
tions of Government, itis
better not

tion, which has been pre-
sented as a reform consti-
tution by the Government,
confronts us with a dilém-

ma:

Too much symbolic re-
form brings Govern-
ment into difficulty with
the rightwing; too much
material reform brings it,
and us all, into difficulty
with the economy. -

Credibility

But the dilemma of the
Government simply defines
the predicaments of the
new parties which have
come into the new Parlia-
ment.

‘On them rests the respon-
sibility to “show” their con-
stituents and others who

cso: 3400/523

have criticised them for do-
ing so, that their participa-
tion is “working”, that it is
bringing about the reform
they promised.

Thus too little reform of
either the symbolic or ma-
terial kind brings them into
difficulty with their own
constituencies and this in
turn must undermine the
credibility of the new con-
stitution.

Urgency

But there is another, per-
haps more important’ di-
Temma which this new con-
stitution will have to face in

Despite all the difficul-
ties I have mentioned, the

one thing this new constitu- :
’ tion must avoid is to create”

the impression that when-
ever reform takes‘place, it
is not. limited’'to” those

ips who ticipate in

new Parliament
Nothing will increase the
antaj be-"

growing .
tween black and non-black.
more than the idea that the
new constitution “is only
there to bring about sym-
bolic and material reform
for coloured and Asians,
and not for blacks. °
Perhaps this is going to
be the severest test of this
new Constitution in 1985.
The unrest and violence
in the black townships dur-
ing 1984 has served to high-
light the urgency for re-
form in these communities,
as well as the lack of ade-
quate constitutional bodies
to nepotiate for them.
Against this background
the role of the PFP in the
new Parliament in 1985 will

@To continue with as
many of the traditional
functions of an official Op:
fisition asp hte, to high-
ight Government short
comings question. its
expenditure and policies
and spell ont clear alterna-
tives.

@To explore Lhe possi-
bilities of (his new constitu-
tion to promote neyotiation
politics.

72

6 To forpe associations
and seck common strate-
gies with whomsoever
wishes to combat racism
and get rid of
criminatory laws

© To highliph
ernment poli
mining this
nomic po
increasing, -hi
deprivation for tu

© To point oul continual-
ly the fact that the new con-
stitution does not adequate-
ly provide for the need for
white and black to negoti-
ate a constitution accept-
able to both.

One thing the PFP is not
prepared to do, and that is °
seduced by Govern-
ment into a kind of false
“consensus politics ” where :
consensus means compli-
ance and opposition is al- |
lowed only by permission of |
the President. . |

In this sense we, as the |
official Opposition in the ,
House of Assembly, have a:
clearer role in opposition |
than the dominant parties
in the House of Delegates
and House of Representa-
tives,

On them rests the new
task of demonstrating how
consensus, reform and op-
position are. possible. as
part of the structure of
Government.

Challenge

It is a great challenge
and I wish them well.

But it is equally impor-
tant fo realise (hat we in
the PIP as (he “olticial Op-
position” in the House of

Assembly have a different
role to play in different cir-
cumstances and we fully in-
tend to play that role.

Whereas in 1985 the test
for some is going to be to
show whether consensus
and credibility is possible,
for others it will be (0 show
that opposition is still possi-
ble and constructive.

Vor all in Parliament
1985 is going lo be a testing
time.



JPRS~SSA~85~020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GROWTH OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY NOTED
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 3 Feb 85 p 3
[Article: "Assurance; SA's R30-bn Behemoth"]

[Text] from the more sophisticated

IN THE past 25 years the
assets of all South African life
assurers have grown from a
relatively small R1 000-mil-

lion to a current R30 000-mil-

lion.

Over the past few years the -

investment assets of the coun-
try’s life assurers have been
growing at an annual rate of
about 25 percent, compared:
with 13,7 percent in the UK
and less than 10 percent in the
United States,

The domestic industry is
virtually doubling its asset
base every three years.

In the context of the South
African economy, the dom-
estic life assurance industry
provides about one-fifth of
total capital funding require-
ments.

South Africa’s life assurers
have always adopted a con-
servative and highly responsi-
ble approach to the invest-
ment of their funds.

This is why the industry
has developed rapidly from
one which traditionally pro-
vides security for the man in
the street in the event of his
death or disablement to one
which has emerged as a very
substantial and sophisticated
medium for the investment of
personal savings.

In the late 1960s only 17
percent of personal savings in

, South Africa were channelled

through the life assurance in-
dustry. By the late 1970s this
ratio had grown to 42 percent.

In recent years the contrac-
tual savings institutions have
been absorbing upwards of
133 percent of personal sav-
ings — indicating a net dis-
saving from discretionary
savings institutions.

Since mid-1980 the rate of
increase in personal consump-
tion expenditure has been
higher than that of personal
disposable income, while the
rate of increase in personal
credit outstanding has been
higher than the rate of in-
crease in spending.

South Africa’s investment
markets have also benefited

78

approach and strategies em-
ployed by the leading life as-
surers.

In the commercial property
sector the limited availability
of bond finance and the rapid
escalation in building costs
have discouraged all but the
very large investors and the
life assurance industry, with
its significant cash flows, now
plays a dominant role in the
development of major office
and shopping complexes,
which frequently cost well in
excess of R50-million.

The risks of developing
such projects can only be ab-
sorbed by the large financial

. institutions.

The life assurance industry
is also playing an increasingly
important role in the equity
market. It has been estimated
that life assurers and private-
ly administered pension funds
account for roughly 25 per-
cent of the capitalisation of.
the Johannesburg Stock Ex-
change, compared with less
than 10 percent in 1970 and
Tess than 5 percent ten years
earlier.

In the industrial sector of
the market -this proportion is
probably in the region of 40
percent, with a bias towards
the traditional blue chip com-
panies.

The industry is also a sig-
nificant contributor of funds
required for new capital and


Unions Call for Labor Minister's Removal
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 23 Jan 85) ssceccccvcccccscccvcvecsceces

Trade Unions Seek Redress Over Subscription Issue
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 22 Jan 85) ycccccccccccccsecccccecececte

Government Passes Measures To Curb Strikes
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 21 Jan 85) .cscescccccssccccccccecescees

Civil Servant Pay Raise Approved
(Mike Ngoma; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 29 Jan 85) .cccccecccccccece

ZIMBABWE

Group Plotting Military Venture
(THE DAILY NEWS, 12 Feb 85) cccsceccesceccccccccccvccvcees

Poachers Costing Nation Millions
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 3 Feb 85) sccccecccccccecceccccccceccens

122

123

125

127

129

130



In South Africa, says a large Johannesburg employment agency, skilled workers
"can get jobs at any time. We have a permanent shortage of them, but our
only problem with them is that they often don't want to work in the sticks
where the good vacancies exist."

Yet, by the end of this year South Africa may have up to five million unem-
ployed, says Mr Chris Ball, deputy managing director of Barclays.

The official estimate of the Department of Manpower is 2,4 million unemployed ;
by 1987.

“Our problem," as Professor Francis Wilson of the University of Cape Town sees
it, "is evidence that the rate in the increase of jobs is below that of people
coming on to the job market.

“Therefore we need a co-ordinated policy by government and private enterprise
to create jobs. ,

"We now have nothing like the urgent and nationally co-ordinated drive by the
public sector and private industry we had in the 1930s.

"That is partly, of course, because the victims of the depression then were
voters,"

Professor Wilson believes the Government should follow the example of Generals
Hertzog and Smuts in the 1930s by initiating a public works programme, mostly
for black workers.

"Such a programme should encourage rural construction and infrastructures,
build new roads, lessen soil erosion, create new housing and water facilities.

“But many jobs in small businesses in South Africa are stifled in a thicket
of law."

The managing director of the Small Business Advisory Bureau, Mr Ian Hethering-
ton says that up to 80 percent of small business ventures, and therefore new
jobs created by them, are defeated by Government red tape.

"In this way the Ciskel is ahead of us, having just passed a small business
deregulation law for businesses employing 20 or fewer."

"In America most new jobs were created in the small business field, in ser-
vices and franchises, often in the kind of luxuries affluent society with its
discretionary money enjoys, but our needs for small businesses are more basic,
such as for clothing, dressmaking, cooked foods, vegetable growing and trans-
port, Why, for instance, take action against so-called illegal taxis in favour
of subsidised Putco buses?"

The bureau says the best way to create new jobs is to free small businesses
from Government red tape and encourage subcontracting.

106



CSO;

3400/654

had been deployed on the basis of
actual enemy positionings encoun-
tered during past operations. The
lessons learned from these opera-
tions had also been built into the
exercise and were thus tested, prac-
ticed and improved upon.

It was the first time that tanks had
been used as part of a military exer-
cise in the Operational Area.

OL AS. Kleynhans, SSO SWA

Territory Force Military Informa-
tlon Service, said that one of the
main points of the exercise was the
Practice and experience gained in
going through the drills, formations ,
and movements of troops, vehicles
and equipment. "In this respect, the
exercise was extremely successful,”
said Col Kleynhans.

He also mentioned that despite
peace negotiations between South <«
Africa and Angola, the SA Defence
Force was still fighting a war against
Swapo. Thus the exercise tested the
preparation of the conventional
forces to cope with terrorist incur-
sions,

“Since the beginning of Decem-
ber, we have picked up the normal
battle indications that Swapo is in
fact busy preparing for their annual
infiltration. The infiltration has not
started yet, probably because there
has not been sufficient rain in the
area," said Col Kleynhans.

Exercise ‘Vuiswys’ certainly
showed that the SADF is a force to be
reckoned with.

76


JPRS-SSA-85~-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LAID-OFF CAR MEN NOW TOTAL 11,000
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Jan 85 p 17
[Article by Trevor Jones]

{Text ] The number of workers laid off by motor manufacturers in under three
years will climb to more than 11 000 after the Ford~Amcar merger,

Yesterday the two companies announced that Ford would move from Port Elizabeth
to Pretoria.

Following the announcement there has been widespread speculation that more
mergers are on the cards and that some manufacturers may even pull out of
South Africa.

This would be another brutal blow to thousands of people in industries allied
to motor manufacturing.

Last year an estimated 20 000 people in these satellite industries lost their
jobs, as the motor manufacturers laid off 5 000 workers.

Early in 1982 the combined work-force of the manufacturers stood at just over
50 000.

In June 1982 Volkswagen laid off workers at its Uitenhage plant and Ford an-
nounced it would close its Port Elizabeth factories for three Mondays a month,

A month later the Standard Bank Review warned of an impending downturn in the
motor industry.

But in July and August of 1982 sales were buoyant and the warning seemed pre-
mature,

Towards the end of the year Sigma, General Motors, Mercedes and even Toyota
laid off staff.

Ford and General Motors began a four-day week,

102


Chief executive Gary Pieterse says: "The slump forced us into judicial man-
agement. The biggest factor which affected us was high interest rates.
Someone who buys a truck and trailer must meet interest charges of about 30%.
It is impossible in this economic climate to pass on such a cost."

Mr Pieterse believes his decision to go for judicial management will help to
save his company, He recommends this route to similarly smitten concerns.

"Since we have been under judicial management I have been able to concentrate
on the small things about which one normally forgets when times are good.

“For example, we had 17 company cars on our books last year. Today we have
five. In spite of reducing our staff from 150 to 100, our output is the
same as before."

Taps Off

Big Daddy's Chieckens, a Kentucky competitors, has failed. Its three fast-
food outlets in Bryanston, Orange Grove, Johannesburg, and Vanderbijlpark,
will be auctioned in a week's time.

The managing director of another private company who did not wish to be named
as "negotiations with dreditors are still in a delicate stage" said that for
many businesses the interest burden was worse then acknowledged.

"Banks have turned off the taps, so you can forget about small businesses
paying anything like the prive overdraft rate of 25%. We are forced to go
into the grey market where money costs upwards of 30%, or even to confirmers
where the charge is an effective 36% or 37%.

Small businesses have borne the brunt of récession. One of the hardest hit
has been the building industry with 13 members of the Master Builders As~
sociation in the Transvaal failing in the past few months.

But there are fears that some big firms will fail, among them companies whose
shares are quoted on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

Severe
The managing director of the Standard Bank group, Conrad Strauss, says: "I
expect this decline (in economic activity) to be large enough to cause severe

difficulties not merely for individuals and small firms but for some listed
companies."

CSO: 3400/636

87



JPRS-SSA-g5-9
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

DROUGHT-STRICKEN FARMERS GET HUGE AID BOOST
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 31 Jan 85 p 3

{Text ]

;cases,
‘receiving a subsidy for

‘AN ESTIMATED R3m
has been earmarked to

enable farmers to stay
on their farms for the
months of February and
March, part of an
emergency aid plan an-
nounced yesterday by
the Administration for
Whites.

This means that in some
farmers will be

these two months on large
and smallstock, double the
aid granted in previous
drought aid plans.

The plan is specifically
designed to avert the crisis
of between 30 to 40% of

CSO: 3400/633

the territory’s 4. 500

farmers leaving their
farms.
Some of the farmers who

will benefit from the new
aid are burdened with
debts of R300000 and
more.

Subsidies have doubled.
The sum of R2,50 for
sheep, goats and small
game species for example,
has now become R5,00.
and where the former sub-
sidy came to a maximum
of R12,50 for large stock,
it now becomes R25,00.

Whereas subsidies’ for
farmers in the former
drought aid plan came to a
monthly payment of
R6000 000, it will now also
double for the period

March and = February,
eventually representing an

estimated R3m. .
According to Dr Piet le
Roux, Director of

Agriculture of the Ad-
ministration for Whites, in-
dividual indebtedness of
certain farmers topped the
quarter million rand mark
and many others had an in-
debtedness of R200 000.

During January, he said,
‘approximately 450 farmers
resorted under phases three
and four of the drought aid
plan.

It was also recom-
mended that no invoices be
required _ for fodder.
purchases during these two
months and that payments
be made according to

55

January claims and in-
voices handed in at a later

stage.
It was also stipulated ;
that stock be removed

from grazing to facilitate’
the recovery of grazing‘
lands, and that the max-.
imum stocking of 60% still *
be valid as a qualification .
for the subsidy, that the.
qualification for the sub-‘
sidy on stock feeding be in- }
creased to 80% in regard
to stock capacity per hec-
tare and that short term
hire purchases be accepted, !
and finally, that the tariffs
applicable for stock feeding
loans be increased to R10
per head per month for
large stock and R2,00 per‘
head monthly for small.
stock. .



CATHOLIC BISHOPS EXPRESS DISMAY AT VIOLENCE IN COUNTRY

JPRS~SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 Jan 85 p 3

{Text ]
PRETORIA: The
Southern African
Catholic Bishops’

Conference has released

CSO:

its report on a recent
tour of Namibia, during
which the clergymen
were told of growing
militarisation in the Ter-
ritory and of atrocities
committed by white and
black troops.

The SACBC, which
previously carried out a
controversial report on
Namibia in 1982, delivered
the report at a plenary ses-
sion in Pretoria.

As part of an ecumenical
delegation, including
Anglican _and Lutheran
representatives, the

SACBC toured the Ter-.

titory for five days last Oc-
tober, also meeting with
Church representatives
and. the Administrator-
General, Dr ‘Willie van
Niekerk.

In Oniipa, the SACBC
said, it came across reports

3400/633

-of. an anti-Swapo group

called ‘Etanga, which was

referred to as a cultural

body. _
“But. in ' reality’. it

(Etanga) seemed to be a

Project promoted by the .

“security forces to win “the der Bishop _Bonifatius

The SACBC said it had

minds and hearts” of the Haushiku, the process of expressed its dismay at the

Owambo people,” _ac- militarisation was being
cording to the SACBC. vigorously pursued and the
A handbill attributed to SWA Territory Force built
Etanga and allegedly dis--up with local recruits,
tributed by the Army, the In Tsumeb, the delega-
SACBC said, urged people tion met with residents
to report on Swapo. “who spoke of atrocities

The conference included inflicted by the security
especial

in its report a translation of . forces,
the — document, ,’ which “Koevoet:”.
promised “rewards) of up~'The  S,
:to R20000 for reporting specifically to a woman
Swapo fighters “to Etanga who -lost her husband,
the Protector”.
The SACBC said South during an attack on. their
Africa bore a great burden hut’by one white and four

of responsibility for the black soliers.
“tragic situation”. = in At Tondoro, a
Namibia. shopkeeper told the delega-

“The war is devastating
Namibia and depressing its
people,” according to the
report.

According to. - the
Churches of Namibia, un-

tion that Koevoet had
detained: him in a. win-
dowless’ tin, shack for 121
days because: he had
served members of Swapo
‘at his: store, :

51

continuing violence to Dr
van Niekerk, who had
replied that the Namibian
people had invited the
security forces into the
Territory.

The SACBC said it
asked Dr van Niekerk,
“why the view of Church
> leaders-.was: so’ different

-- referréd: from-the View exptessed by

himself in regard to the at-
titude of the Namibian

mother-in-law and child people.

In reply, the SACBC
said, Dr van Niekerk
“opened a -discussion on
religion and politics and
said he did not think it was
necessary to use the ser-
vices of the:Churches to
discover what the majority
of “the Namibian people
really thought and felt.” —



UNEMPLOYMENT STILL HIGH

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 21 Jan 85 p7

[Text]

CSO;

3400/628

GABORONE: Despite the
lifting of the water restrictions
fast month, the construction
industry here appears to be
not taking off as expected.

Unemployment figures still
stand at the same level.

Lack of construction
Projects is the main factor
behind the stalemate in the
construction industry, says
three construction company

. @xecutives here.

“The lifting of the water
restrictions last month has

not dramatically helped our !
stirm,” Wade Adams’ Admi-

nistrative Director, Mr Gobe
Matenge said.

Mr Matenge disclosed that
his firm was facing a bleak
moment due to lack of new
Projects to embark on. He
said he did not forsee his
company employing
additional people If no new

13

contracts were entered into
with either the government
or the Botswana Housing
Corporation.

‘The Director of Us Builders,
Mr Ulf Soderstrom on the
other hand said the only
advantage his compnay got
with the lifting of water
restrictions is that it Is now
easier for them to transport
water to construction sites.

Mr Soderstrom said his
company Is employing about
160 people in its present

Projects and has noreasonto |

Increase the number as there
Is no work.

He disclosed that Us
Bullders will this year register
for the first time to get
Government assistance. Last
year, he added, Government
was reluctant to provide
construction companies with
funds.

The manager of LTA

Construction company ,

expressed the same views as
Mr Matenge and Mr
Soderstrom, that projects for
construction were not
forthcoming.

Like the other companies,
LTA still employ the same
number of people as last year.

The manager of Multi-
Construction, was not
available for comment.

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA



which makes them bold and the kind of men who could not immediately fit
into any of the vocations civilian life could offer. "Am I going to leave
the forest only because my 2 years of compulsory military service are up?
Am T going to let the enemy I want so much to kill continue here, just
because I have completed my 2 years in the military? If I were demobilized,
leaving things as they are, this would be a kind of defeat for me,"

2nd Lt Thomas Silvano Mangue, who has served in the FAM since 1977, told us.

I am reporting here some talks I had with some of the soldiers in the mobile
battalion, talks which gave me a certain satisfaction. Januario Bulasse
Bomben, a young native of Mueda, in the Province of Cabo Delgado, joined the
forces early in 1981, and from that time to this, his life has been in the
forest. Januario, a soldier who is a mortar expert, and with whom we talked
during the sweep operation we mentioned, can hardly see what he could begin to
do in the short run if he were demobilized. His family today is his comrades
in the section, the platoon, the company and the battalion.

We wanted to know what exploit which occurred in his zone of movement is
freshest in his memory, as a soldier in a mobile battalion. "The most diffi-
cult battle I fought took place in Moamba, where we were ambushed by a large
number of armed bandits. As this was dense forest, I had no opportunity to
put my mortar to use. JI could not use my weapon to respond to enemy fire.
Later I found myself forced to get my AKM and begin to fire on the armed
bandits. When I speak of the most difficult battle, I do not mean we lost
many comrades, but the problem is I had never had the experience of being
unable to open fire with the mortar, which might have killed more bandits.
And then, I had not had the experience as a soldier of having to stop and wait
for the others to fight, which might give the attacker a small advantage."

In the other continuing battles in his advances through the forest, our inter-
Jocutor explained that the conditions in the terrain always favored the use of
his weapon. Thanks to this fact, he told us, he had seen many bandits fall,
the victims of his weapon.

Lt Tomas Silvano Mangue, to whom we referred previously, is a native of
Maputo, and joined the forces in 1977. It has thus been 8 years he has served
in the defense of the fatherland in the ranks of our army. "I have a whole
career behind me. In 1977, I was trained as a tactics and weapons instructor.
Following completion of the course, I was assigned to accompany a battalion to
Manica. For 2 years, I operated in Manica and Sofala.

"T remember that once, when we were en route from Espungabera to attack one of
the armed bandits' bases, we were ambushed. On the first attack, we had to
retreat, because we were in danger of losing some comrades, and the bandits
had ambushed us in difficult terrain. During the sally we then immediately
undertook, the bandits retreated and took up positions at their base. Days
later, we succeeded in destroying the base of the armed bandits who had caused
us so much difficulty, and we inflicted many casualties upon the enemy. In
the end we camped at that base and reorganized the life of the people. I as a
soldier believe that my best moments were those during which I had various
encounters with the enemy," the lieutenant added.

42



Namibia was of strategic importance not only because of the natural resources
which it had, but because it had a long coastline and was so much intertwined
with South Africa's security, economic and political arrangements.

"To have a puppet regime in Namibia wiJ] continue to provide South Africa
with a convenient operations base, not. only against Angola, but against
other progressive countrics surrounding, Namibia."

CSO: 3400/626

46


Group, under the command of
Cmdt £. Van Lill, has recently
carried out the biggest convent-
ional warfare training exercise
yet held in the Operational Area.

This simulated battle known as
‘Vulswys’ was fought over a two day
period in an area less than a hundred
kilometres south of Ruacana and just
west of Ongandjera. Here, 61 Mech-
anised Battalion was deployed. in a
simulated attack on three “enemy”
objectives.

The battle was designed in a six--

phase plan consisting of prepara-
tion, movement into the battle area
and attacks on the three objectives
and then finally reorganisation to be
ready for any counter offensives.

The aim of 61 Mech Bn is to be a
crack conventional reaction force of
the South’ West Africa Territory
Force. This exercise served as a final
part of the training for National Ser-
vicemen who had completed their
initial phases in the Republic. Thus
the exercise offered them experience
in operational training. It also exer-
cised the movement of troops and
vehicles as well as command and
control procedures.

TARTING on the morning of

Thursday, 17 January 1985, a
mechanised infantry company in-
cluding Ratel Infantry Combat Ve-
hicles mounted with 90mm guns,
moved forward to the first objective.
The attack began with an air strike by
{mpata jets which unleashed rocket
fire on to the enemy target. Following

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

'VUISWYS' CONVENTIONAL WARFARE TRAINING EXERCISE DESCRIBED

Pretoria PARATUS in English Vol 36 No 2, Feb 85 pp 4-5

[Vext ] 61
Mechanised Battle

this the Ratels gave direct fire sup-
port and a medium artillery battery
consisting of 140mm guns bombed
the area relentlessly. Infantrymen,
code named Zulu Group, then moved
in on foot and finally cleared the first
objective.

In order for the Ratels to reach the
second objective, an “enemy mine-
fletd" had to be breached. This was
achieved by assault ploneers. The
mechanised infantry company
(mounted) moving together with the
Ratels which were giving direct fire
support, then attacked and obliter-
ated objective two.

Part of the “enemy" forces in-
cluded a squadron of tanks and it
was after the offensive on the second
objective that the tank squadron of
own forces went into battie against
this ‘opposition’.

HE last objective consisted of

‘enemy’ platoons near a hyper-
thetical village. They were positioned
as forward and in-depth platoons.
This was to be a night attack.

The mechanised infantry, tanks
and Ratels formed up into position
from the ‘village’. They then started
moving until they came into contact
with the ‘enemy’. Direct fire support
was given by the Ratels and further
battle field elimination was carried
out by a81mm mortar fire group. The
infantry then moved In on foot to fin-
ish off the forward targets. Hereafter
they took the in-depth platoons with
the aid of Indirect fire support from
the medium artillery battery and the
mortar fire group.

The enemy targets in the exercise



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ZIMBABWE.

POACHERS COSTING NATION MILLIONS
Narare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 3 ¥eb 85 p 3

[Yext] Zimbabwe is losing several millions of dollars each year through
poaching and the Government has embarked on a massive awareness campaign to
combat the crime.

The Ministry of National Resources and Yourisw, through the Department of Ra~
tional Parks and Wild Life Management, is using a huge chunk of the depart-
ment's budget in the anti: poaching war.

it is sceking to instil into the public the knowledge that poaching is an
anti-social, wasteful. exercise done for purely selfish commercial reasons
end to dispel the notion that poachers are merely "naughty".

National Parks director Dr Graham ©
poachers were cri

Jd told The Sunday Mail last week that
minals and should be treated as such.

Ne said poaching in Zimbabwe in particular and Africa in general was on the
increase and was a cause for concern in many African states.

"Y believe that wildlife offers drought-prone Africa one of the few oppor-
tunities of picking itself up by the bootstramps," he said. "these poach-
ers are undermining that capacity. Millions of doJlars are being milked out
of Africa every year."

At. a meeting in Brussels last June African countries attending the imple--
mentation of CLYES, the Conference on Jllegal rade in Fndangered Species,
expressed concern at increasing illegal trafficking of ivory frow Africa.

“In recent years some 800 to 850 tonnes of ivory worth an estimated
US$52-55 willion have been cntcring international trade each year. It is
clear from the evidence available that a high proportion of this revenue is
being diverted from the governments and people of the producer countries
through the illegal trafficking of ivory," the countries said in a joint
declaration.

They added: "The unacceptable situation can be controlled only through the
aficcted govermments separately and jointly devoting adequate resources to

130


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA

COUNTRY REPORTEDLY BRACED FOR BIG INFILTRATION BY ANC

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jan 85 p 1

[Text]

GABORONE: The Botswana Government is bracing
itself for a major infiltration by guerillas of the Afri-
can National Congress, according to sources here.

The government believes the ANC is trying to es-
tablish supply lines through the country now that its
operations have been curtailed in Mozambique and
Swaziland.

A stepped-up campaign against the ANC comes at
a time when the Botswana Defence Force has con-
firmed finding a cache of arms on the outskirts of the
capital city, Gaborone.

The discovery came to light when a group of
Gaborone teenagers were fired on by members of the
BDF, who had set an ambush for the people hiding
the arms.

The teenagers, who included the son of a former
high ranking civil servant in Botswana, had gone to
the spot late one evening for a party.

According to sources here, Botswana in the past
has been an important infiltration route for ANC gue-
rillas and political agents travelling to South Africa
from the ANC's headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia.

The Botswana Government operates a strict policy
of rounding up suspected guerillas and deporting

CSO: 3400/626

them to countries from which they have come.

But sources say there is fresh evidence the ANC is
increasing its operations through Botswana in order
to overcome setbacks in Mozambique and Swazi-
land.

Mozambique clamped down on ANC activity after
signing the Nkomati non-aggression pact with South
Africa a year ago. And Swaziland has recently round-
ed up ANC suspects after saying that an ANC “hit-
man” was responsible for the assassination of the
country’s deputy security police chief in December.

The alleged assassin was later shot dead by the
Swazi police.

South African nationalist sources in Botswana said
the ANC was eager to maintain its high profile
and credibility in South Africa, and in order to do this
it was looking at all possible infiltration routes.

The route from Botswana to South Africa, through
the Western Transvaal and Bophuthatswana, was °
used by many Soweto students fleeing township vio-
Jence in June 1976.

The Botswana Government, say sources, now be-
lieves some of these students who later joined the
ANC might be preparing to go back to South Africa
along the same “liberation path”.


HAMUKWAYA CASE SETTLED OUT OF COURT BY RSA GOVERNMENT

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 Jan 85 p 3

[Text]

IN A DRAMATIC out-
of-court settlement on

Friday, the South
African ~~ Government
agreed to pay
R88 701,00 in settle-

ment of claims involving
an alleged unlawful kill-
ing and a series of as-
saults committed by
members of the Koevoet
unit of the Security

Police.

Trials of these actions,
concerning — events _ in
Kavango in late 1982 and
early 1983, had been set
down for hearing during
February and March this
year. :

In the main settlement
Mrs Katrina Hamukwaya,
widow of a schoolteacher,
Mr
who died after being taken
into custody by Koevoet,
was paid R58 000.

Mr Hamukwaya died on
November 18 1982 hours
after being detained by

CSO: 3400/633

Jona Hamukwaya, ,

members of the special
-operations unit of the SA
Security Police.

At an inquest hearing in
Rundu during October
1983, white members of
Koevoet gave evidence
that Mr Hamukwaya had
died “after falling down a
flight of steps” at
Nkurenkuru.

Other witnesses testified
to hearing an assault being
carried out on the banks of
the Kavango River.

The inquest magistrate, |

Mr A H Coetzer, assisted
by Professor TG Schwar,
chief —_ pathologist at
Tygerberg Hospital, found
“the death was caused by
an act or omission on the
part of members of the unit
known as Koevoet”.

In further expert sum-
maries filed in the Supreme
Court on behalf of Mrs
Hamukwaya, Dr Jonathan
Gluckman — who testified
in both the Biko and Ag-
gett inquests ~ and Dr
Johan van der Spuy, head

50

of the trauma unit at
Groote Schuur Hospital,
said Mr Hamukwaya’s in-
juries indicated he had
‘been dragged and sub-
jected to massive trauma
‘on his-back, probably in-
flicted by a blunt object or
‘objects.

In their view he died
from a head injury.

The other claims con-
cerned a series of alleged
assaults by Koevoet.

Damages were claimed
for alleged pain and suffer-
ing experienced by the clai-
mants and injury to their
dignity and feelings.

Ms Paulinus Imelide, Mr
Raimbert. Kudumu, Mr
Frans Majira, Mr. Patrick
Katanga, Mr . Petrus
Ugwanga,’ Mr Petrus
Amukoshi and Mr Petrus
Shekuya are to receive
sums varying. from
between R2000 and
R5 000, together with the

Supreme Court costs of

their actions.

JPRS-SSA-85-020

13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

This is the first settle-
ment of damages against
Koevoet, who have
tepeatedly been accused of
atrocities against civilians,
in Namibian legal history.

The settlement was
reached by Mr Jeremy
Gauntlet, instructed by
Mr Hartmut Ruppel of
Lorenz and Bone, and Mr
S Maritz, acting for the SA
Government: .

It could not be ascer-
tained at the time of going
to’ ‘press whether court
proceedings have been in-
stituted “against * Koevoet.
members as a result of Mr.
Hamukwaya’s death.

The settlements precede
the “trial of.- Archbishop
Denis’ Hurley of the
Roman Catholic Church in
Pretoria next month on
charges under the Police
Act relating to the alleged
falsity of a statement by
him Stating that members
of Koevoet had committed
a series of unlawful acts’in
Namibia.


Briefs ;
Gas Belongs To SWA Not RSA

NIGERIA

Navy Reportedly Acquiring Sapele Port for Security Reasons
(NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Jan 85) .ccccseccescccccccecvececeuavees

Progress Reported in Move to Abuja
(NEW NIGERIAN, 24 ‘Jan 85) cscccecccesccceccsvcvevveeeneves

Over 113 Million Naira, by Mike Reis
Civil Servants To Move

Further Reportage on Drying Dams
(Yusuf Ozi Usman; NEW NIGERIAN,’ 25 Jan 85) 4

Dam To Be Reactivated To Improve Farming
(Waziri Garba; NEW NIGERIAN, 29. Jan 85) .ivesee

Briefs
Drought Destroys Food Crops
Traditionalists Ignore Land Use Decree
Improvement in Naval Training
Tiga Dam Drying Up
Jehovah's Witnesses' Tréatment Scored
Shoot on Sight Order

SENEGAL

Briefs
Romanian Mining Project

SOUTH AFRICA

Huge Foreign Exchange Loss Hits Kohler -_
(Peter Farley; THE STAR, 8 Feb 85) ..sseevseseneeseecenves

Three-Party State Explained
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 20 Jan 85) seseseceeeevceceeccereceseene

Two Opposition Leaders Outline Their Expectations for New Parliament
(SUNDAY TIMES, 20:Jan 85) seecseccveccscccesecevceecceeecs

Indian Minister Accused of Misuse of Power ;
(POST NATAL, 30 Jan-2 Feb 85). sreseeesesccncceceeserescens

Tembe Chief Given R10,000 Gift by Swazis .
(THE DAILY NEWS, 24 Jan 85) cccccesecccccesveceeccesvcvess

56

57

58

65

66

67

69

73

74


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

THREE-PARTY STATE EXPLAINED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 20 Jan 85 p 12

[Text]

State. ruled
‘the coloured Labour Party and the In-

|

Draft Bills are framed by govern-
iment departments and presented to
7 Parliament for approval.

If the Bill is déemed an “own affair”
‘pertaining only to the white, coloured

‘ ouTH Africa is no ton er i or Indian race groups, then: it'is quite
effectively a one-party. state ruled by ! . simple. Tt is considered by the relevant .
the National Party. a ‘ inisters’ Council and chamber-.of Par-

This week it became a three-part:
ually by. the white NP,

dian- National Peoples’..Party- o with

liament and either passed or rejected.

,: But if it is deemed a “general affair”
pertaining to all three race.groups,
then things become. complicated. Ths

the NP more equal than the rest State President is final arbiter on
| © ‘The opposition ‘parties 'in the: white, whether a matter is an own or general
- coloured and Tndlan chambers count, affair, : *

for nothing in the new system — unless ;

Before a word can be uttered in

they..can muster ,enough MPs to be-/ anger, the Bill is referred to a joint
come the majority in their respective standing committee of all three cham-
; ethnic chambers of Parliament.. - -.. bers which meets behind closed. doors

_ colour bar.

‘The constitution’ does not’ give
for them to form alliances across the

Opposition parties in one chamber
cannot even vote together with the ma-
jority party of another chamber. I

For power to decide on the laws of '
the country rests entirely with the
three parties which happen to enjoy
the majority of the three chambers.
They are separate but equal, with some
more equal than others — and the ;
whites more equal than the rest put to- |

The opposition parties can do noth-
ing more than make noises, mostly be-
hind the closed doors of the standing|
committees, and hope that their time}
will come. :

Consensus now means in effect!
agreement between the NP, the LP
and the NPP.

Incredibly enough, even if every:
other party in Parliament disagrees |
with them, it will be good enough for
the Government. Consensus will be
deemed to have occurred,

This is how the system works. i

gether. |

67

and away from the poison pens of the
Press — in theory anyway.

. Represented on this committee are
members of all parties. They sit round
a single round table and debate as if
they are a member of a single commit- °
tee.

But don’t be fooled. It might look
like one Committee but it is in fact
three — a veritable trinity.

For when the talking stops and the
voting starts, the chairman does not
take a simple count of hands. The
whites have their vote, the coloureds
their’s and the Indians their’s. All sepa-
rate and racially pure.

If the three majority parties in each
committee agree, that’s consensus. If
one or more majority party disagree,
that's trouble. The Bill dies a natural
death in the committee, maybe to be
resurrected some time later.

Or else the State President can refer
it to his President's Council for a deci-
sion.

But that would definitely not be re-
garded as consensus politics by MPs
who happen to differ in their views



cso;

3400/658

‘tently have no’ sponsorship,

“you are requi

ired, with im-

- Mediate effect, to vacate
‘ university premises until you

have made arrangements for

-your ‘sponsorship to be Te-

-Sestablished.”.<

During © the: morning

kamukunji, some of. the”

“students accused the Students

Representative Council (SRC)
and Students Organisation of

« Nairobi University (Sonu) of-

ficials of what they called
“*betrayal.’”., .. but there was

“apparent division within the

ranks: of the. students. One

!-speaker who demanded that

they march to the streets and

to Harambee House was
booed. A few called out for

. the dissolution of Sonu and its

executive arm, SRC, The Sonu
secretary general who is also a
secretary to the SRC, Mr.
Kiriba Maina, .was shouted
down when he took to the
platform to talk to the

students.

22

© ° Meanwhile, there appears to
= be'a students leadership strug-
z'gle according to most students
“interviewed by The Kenya

~ Times,
fOne student who declined
tobe ‘identified said’ Sonu
‘leader, Lumumba and the ex-
| pelled Mwandawiro have had
: to look .at each other, with
suspicions’ following an ‘at-
tempt “by 'Mwandawiro- to
form a“ national students
Organisation comprising — all
‘colleges .and-~. secondary
‘schools, .. &

It is understood that
Lumumba, also wanted to
form a duplicate organisation
comprising the Kenyan.
"youth

None of this claim would be
: Officially confirmed, but at-
_ tempts by some of the expell-
. ed -students to address the
kamukunji were marred by
booing and shouts of ‘go
home, go home...” as most
istudents. evidently feared
another university closure.



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

ROMANIAN MINING PROJECT--Romania is to provide 150m dollars along with tech-
nical assistance for Senegal's billion dollar iron ore mining project, ac-
cording to an official statement. Under an agreement signed last month between
the two countries, Romanian companies will help build a railway and a port to
export ore produced by the Eastern Senegal Iron Ore Mining Company (Miferso).
Repayment of the 150m-dollar loan will be assured through the extraction of
1,5m t of concentrated iron ore from the mines yearly, which are scheduled
eventually to produce 12 mt per year, The construction cost of the port

and railway is estimated at 770m dollars, Senegal's as~yet-unexploited iron
ore reserves are estimated at 337 mt, [Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in
English 11 Feb 85 p 25]

CSO; 3400/636

65



PROGRESS REPORTED IN MOVE TO ABUJA

Overy 113 Milliea Naira

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Jan 85 p 16

[Article by Mike Reis]

[Yext]

THE Federal Capital Ter-
ritory will spend a sum of
113,392,110 Naira for its ser-

vices this financial year.
This amount excludes a
370,000,000 Naira already ap-
proved for the territory. by the
Federal Military Government.
Of the amount, 36,419,110 Naira
would go for recurrent expen-
diture, while 76,973,000 Naira
would be for capital projects.
Announcing the budget yester-
day, the Minister of the Territory
Major-General Mamman Jiya
Vatsa, said estimated local
revenue would go up this year as
many sources of revenue which
would be fully tapped had been
discovered within the territory.
Estimated local revenue to be
generated this year, the minister
said, is put at -12,980,160 Naira,
compared to the 1,175,225.50

Naira projected for last year.
General Vatsa said the recur-
rent. revenue from Federal
Government treasury would go
down from 67 million Naira to 20
million Naira because recurrent
subvention due to the Federal
Capital Development Authority
would now be paid from the local
resources of the Federal Capital
Territory.
. Similarly, General Vatsa said
the amount due from the Federa-
tion Account would go down to 80
million Naira from 98 million
Naira because of the financial
difficulty the nation was facing.
He said the early part of last
year was devoted to cleaning up
the mess created by the ousted
civilian regime, adding that,a
firm foundation for the ad-
ministration of the capital had
now been set up, with the creation
of nine departments to provide
services for the territory.

Civil Servants To Move

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Jan 85 p 16

[Text ]

ABOUT 25,000 civil servants
and their families will move to
Abuja when the first phase of the
movement, to the new capital
begins next year.

This was made known yester-
day by the Minister of” the
Federal Capital Territory,
Major-General Vatsa, during his
budget speech.

58

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NIGERIA

{he departments are

agriculture, education, com-
merce and industry, health,
social welfare, legal, public
works, judiciary and general ad-
ministration.
“Giving a breakdown of the
budget, General Vatsa said
education would receive
19,211,860 Naira, health would get
12,693,830 Naira and transporta-
tion*16,500,000 Naira.

General Vatsa said 15,750,000
Naira ‘had been allocated for the
supply and diswibution of elec-
tricity to local government areas
within the capital, while 2,750,000
Naira had been allocated for the
development of water resources,
sewage and drainage within the
territory.

He said establishments of
small-scale industries in the ter
ritory would be encouraged, ad-
ding that 600,000 Naira had been
earmarked for this purpose.


CANADIAN FUND TO BUILD POULTRY ABBATOIR

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 21 Jan 85 p 7

{Article by Johannes Pilane]

[Text]

cso:

FRANCISTOWN: The Ministry
of Agriculture is planning to build
@ poultry abbatoir with funds
froma subsidiary of the Canadian
International Development Fund.

The funding agency has
Promissed P788 177,33 about
(US 400 000 dollars) towards the
construction of the complex. The
original plan of the ministry to
Convert an old abbatoir belonging
tothe Francistown Town Council
into a poultry farm was abadoned
because it was felt this would be
costly,

The Regional Agricultural
Officer here, Mr J.P. Sono said
in an interview with BOPA that a
New site had been earmarked for
the project. It is next to Plate
Glass in the Industrial area.

3400/628

He told BOPA that there had
always been a need for such a
Project here because most
chicken meat has always been
Imported. This project will be
the first of its kind here,

Mr Sono mentioned that it was
only last year that some local
producers started to supply some
wholesalers with fresh chicken
meat. The privately-owned
slaughter houses are at Shashe,

The old Francistown abbatolr
has not been used since
September last year following
the completion of anew abbatolr
next to the new bridge across
the Tati River.

Meanwhile the producers have
expressed concern over the price
of laying mesh and tack of
markets to sell their produce.

15

They have said that outside
producers were controlling the
Prices because thelr countries
were producing food for fowls
and sell them here at high prices.

The Agricultural Management
Association officer Mr C.C. Pitso
said that the newly-formed
Poultry Agricultural Management
Association was working on
solutions tosome of the problems
faced by the producers.

He said that the association
was formed in order to encourage
the farmers to start poultry
rearing so.as tomake the country
self-sufficient in both meat and
@gg production.

Mr Pitso said that some
Producers in this area were being
encouraged to start slaughter

* houses. BOPA

BOTSWANA



COUNTRY FACES FOOD SHORTAGE

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 4 Jan 85 p 1

[Text ]

cso:

3400/627

“ LESOTHO fs faced with
an estimated ‘food short-

fall of 148,000 metric tons
for the period between
July last year and June
this year. .

Making the announce-
ment in Maseru last week,
the Minister of Agricul-
ture and Marketing Mr
Peete Peete said this fol-
Jews a total production of

Just over 130,000 metric |

tons of grain foodstuffs,
realised in the 1983/84
cropping season,

‘This figure, which re-
presents about 66% of the
10 year average produc-
tion, comprises about 79
metric tons of maize, 33
metric tons of sorghum,
17 metric tons of wheat,
one ton of beans and over
three tons of peas,

Meanwhile a mission of
agricultural officers from
the Ministry of Agricul-
ture recently went on an
inspection tour of maize
crop fields, cultivated
under the Food Self-suf-
ficiency programme at Ha
Mofoka, Ha: Katu and Ha
Lihanela in the Koro-Koro
area of the Maseru dis-
trict.

The District Agricul-
tural Officer in Maseru
Miss Thakane "Mamonye,
a member of the mission
concern at some fields
that have. not been
throughly cultivated.

She advised farmers to
get rid of noxious weeds
and appealed to livestock
farmers to keep their
animals away from the
crop fields.

32

JPRS-SSA-85~-020
13 March 1985

LESOTHO


NAUDE SAYS CHURCH HAS LIBERATION ROLE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 1 Feb 85 p 3

[Text ]

THERE WERE many
“frightening _ parallels”
and areas of common
concern between South
Africa and Namibia, the
new General Secretary
of the South African
Council of Churches, Dr
Beyers Naude, said in
Katutura last night.

In a keynote address to
the biennial conference of
the CCN, Dr Naude dealt
with wide-ranging aspects
of the “Church in the
Struggle for Liberation and
Independence”.

Although he essentially
drew on his SA experience,
Dr Naude said there were
many similarities to
Namibia.

These included:
@ The increasing
militarisation “of the whole
of society by the SA
Defence Force”;

“The principle of ethnic
division as the criteria for

CSO: 3400/633

determining political struc-

‘tures and rights”; and,

@ The Jack of
“meaningful” opposition to
and rejection by Western
nations of the SA Govern-
ment’s policies.

He also rejected the con-
structive engagement
policy of the USA as
“disastrous”.

Dr Naude said that in
the light of the teachings of

Christ and the demands of ‘

the Gospel, it was clearly
part of the Church’s man-
date’ and mission. to
“concern itself with the
struggle for liberation in
any country”,

This was evident in
God’s “equal love” for all
mankind and God’s con-

cern for justice and peace. «

He said “the tragedy of
apartheid” was creating
“an almost unbridgeable
gulf between white and
black”.

Areas of crisis included:
@ The new constitutional
dispensation — where

52

ethnic division was finally
entrenched — which “is a
source of ongoing and in-
creasing bitterness, hatred
and strife”;

@ Education — “I cannot
envisage that there will be
peaceful development of
the educational life” of the
black, coloured and Indian
communities “as long as
the root cause of
educational dissatisfaction
temains untouched”;

@ Economic—not only
as the result of recession,
the falling gold price, etc,
“but also because of the
rising expectations of mil-
lions of black workers”;
and

@ Church divisions based
on race,

Turning to the respon-
sibility of the churches in
the struggle for liberation,
Dr Naude felt it was essen-
tial for the Church to
define for itself “the true
nature of the struggle in
SA”, whether it was one of
race, class or religion; it

» JPRS~SSA-85-020

13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

had a responsibility to raise
and increase awareness
about the nature of evil and
injustice as well as a
“moral obligation to stand
in solidarity with all vic-
tims of injustice”.

But more than this, the
responsibility of the
Church was to seek clarity
on “the nature of the alter-
native society”.

This did not imply the
Church wanted to become
involved in practical
politics but that it had a
deep concern that the foun- |
dations of a more just.
society were laid firmly
and soundly according to
Christian criteria of justice,
peace and truth.

He concluded by saying
it was of vital importance
that the Christian presence
and participation in the
struggle for liberation
“should be seen, should be
expressed and should be
accepted” by those struggl-
ing to free themselves from
injustice and suffering.


UPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

CHANA

PIONEER CRITICIZES SOLDIERS' ASSAULT ON EDITOR
AB252010 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 25 Feb 85
[From the press review]

(Text ] Writing under the heading "No Malice," the PIONEER again comments on
the recent harassment and manhandling of the editors of the paper by certain
military personnel. The paper says it is disappointing that after 3 years
of the country's revolution, there are still some apostles of the process
who do not understand the aims and principles of the revolution. It notes
that Ghana has reached a stage of ensuring and guaranteeing economic pros~
perity and social justice through justifiable means, The PIONEER says that
what is most unfortunate is that at a time when the leader of the revolu-
tion, Flight Lieutenant Rawlings, is calling for a free exchange of views

by all Ghanaians to help in the effective administration of the country,
there are still some elements in the society who are working against press
freedom. However, it maintains that two wrongs do not make one right;
therefore, it renews its commitment to play the watchdog role in spite of
the recent unfortunate incident. In doing this, the PIONEFR pledges to con~
tinue to contribute positively and meaningfully to the national reconstruc~
tioa effort. The paper, however, appeals to all those who were affected by
the assault to forgive and forget, for all Ghanaians need to move together
as one people of a country seeking economic prosperity and political stabil-
ity.

In conclusion, the PIONEER hopes that the government will take punitive
measures against perpetrators of this assault in order not to let persons

who have axes to grind with the government use it for their political ad-
vantage.

cso: 3400/640

18


JPRS-SSA~85~-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RADICAL ECONOMIC CHOICES FACE NATION, SAYS STANDARD

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Feb 85 p 3

{Text ]

SOUTH AFRICA must make funda-
mental changes in the whole nature
of its economy or else face the
threat of a socially unacceptable
low-growth rate.

This warning is made in Standard
Bank’s economic report for Febru-
ary.

It says a shift in the world eco-
nomy is taking place, “away from
countries with the sort of resource-
based economic structure pos-
sessed by South Africa. In conse-
quence, ownership of massive
mineral resources and proficiency
in agriculture are no longer a pass-
Port to inevitable success”.

Standard argues: “What has to be

clearly understood is that the foun-
dation stones of this economy —

CSO; 3400/636

mineral and agricultural wealth —
are gradually becoming less rele-
vant.”

This is, “partly because sources
of supply are increasing, partly be-
cause of the accelerating develop-
ment of new materials (affectin
minerals) and rapid technological
advances in agricultural produc-
tion, and part ly because greater
control over inflation in the indus-
trialised West has largely removed
the hedge element of demand.”

So what must South Africa do?

Standard says: “As it happens, a
comparatively large num of
avenues exist which could lead the
country away from a potential eco-
nomic slide and consequent politi-
cal difficulties.

“Unfortunately, nearly all of
these avenues require a great deal

85

of flexibility of mind, attitudes and
laws.

“The need now is not only for a
sound economic _polic package
consistently carried out, but also for
a change in attitudes in the social
and political sphere in order to pro-
duce the energy and resourceful-
hess, as well as a rise in internal and
external confidence in the economy
to make a new direction possible.

“alternative avenues of growth
are not hard to find in South Africa.

“Indeed, it is encouraging that
they exist in abundance,

“The real difficulty is that imple-
mentation of almost any of these
approaches uires a flexibility,
which may not be generated easi ly
in the short-to-medium term.”

The bank has the following sug-
gestions;

@ The first of these might encom-
pass a move into the realms of mi-
cro-electronics, bio-technology and
robotics, the application high
technology to existing industries, as
well as the further development of
tourism and the internationalisa-
tion of financial and information
services centres;

@ The second could imply increased
participation rates for the popula-
ion in general and for women in
rticular, as well as a move into
ie rest of Africa;

@ The third could mean increasing
Productivity wherever Possible,
shifting workers from low-produc-
tivity to high-productivity sectors
and removing bureaucratic or legal
hindrances to the smooth function-
ing of the economy.



CSO:

3400/531

Africa itself.

Sabotage

It is believed in South
Africa that Bulhosa — with
his Middle East contacts —
is the financial lynchpin of
the MNR, keeping weapons
and equipment trickling to
the M in Mozambique.
Air drops are reportedly ar-
ranged from bush-strips in
Malawi, Kenya and from the
Comore Islands,

There have also been re-
ports of Portuguese merce-
narles being recruited for
specialist sabotage missions.
At one time it was even ru-
moured that mercenaries
were being recruited in
South Africa in contraven-
tion of the country’s anti-
mercenary laws. a

Within the sparsely inhab-
ited Mozambique, mean-
while, MNR guerrillas are
apparently succeeding in
keeping themselves partly
equipped with weapons cap-
tured from the poorly moti-
vated Frelimo soldiers.

The campaign of terror
and sabotage — initiated
with the aid of the Smith
Rhodesian Government and
allegedly continued with
Pretoria’s aid until Nkomati
— has increased in intensity
to the point where it is
threaten § the collapse of
the Machel government.

Influence

Bulhosa’s political influ-
ence on the MNR is also held
to be significant. After the
dramatic breakdown of the
peace talks between MNR
aud Frelimo last October,
there were reports that some
members of the Portuguese
Government linked to Bul-
hosa had actively sought the
sabotage of the peace initia-
tive — a claim later denied
by the Portuguese Ministers
concerned.

39



U.S, DISINVESTMENT ISSUE UNDER SCRUTINY

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Feb 85 p 2

{Text ]

DISINVESTMENT is becorn-
ing one the biggest issues — if
not the biggest — of the year.

Clearly, its importance to
South Africa dare not be un-
derestimated, since the with-
drawal of many billions by
United States corporations
and institutions is bound to
impact dramatically on an
economy wallowing in the
depths of a crippling recess-
ion.

Share prices will collapse,
unemployment will rise to
desperation proportions, in-
solvencies will snowball, liv-
ing standards will plummet
and the country’s entire socio-
political fabric will be severe-
ly battered.

Being as close as we are to
this vexed issue, perspective
is difficult to come by. Wish-
ful thinking prompts us to be-
lieve that disinvestment will
not materialise; that with
Ronald Reagan rooting for us
the nightmare will evaporate
the moment we awake.

We cling to such footholds
as the recent Business
Week/Harris Poll finding that
Americans are opposed to ap-
plying sanctions of any sort to
South Africa.

One-sided

But when the chips are all
down, one cannot escape the
observation that we tend to
assess the situation from our
side of the Atlantic. That’s a
mistake. It’s high time we ex-
amined the crystal ball from

80

the American side of the
ocean, for it’s there that our
disinvestment fate will be de-
termined,

Once we manage to bring
ourselves around to thinking
in such a reverse (and more
objective) manner, we stand a
far greater chance of feting
into the fogbank of What’ lies
ahead os

And what lies ahead looms
as a potentially depressing
scenario. Not, ironically, be-
cause of political pressures
but because of the financial
corner into which the United
States has painted itself as a
result of its dominance (wit-
tingly or otherwise) of the
global economic panorama.

Viewed as succinctly as one
can (for it is a complex issue),
the United States owes the
rest of the world a great deal
of money. Which is just an-
other way of saying that the
American external deficit is
extremely large and growing.

Expanded

Just how large may be
‘gauged from the fact that the
US negative trade balance has
expanded from 30-billion dol-
lars in early 1983 to
130-billion dollars in 1984.

At this rate, should it con-
tinue into 1985 (and the
strength of dollar suggests
that it will), the accumulated
adverse trade balance will hit
250-billion dollars this year.

Made meaningful, this fig-
ure completely wipes out the

JPRS-SSA~85~-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


NAVY REPORTEDLY ACQUIRING SAPELE PORT VOR SUCURITY REASONS

Kaduna NEW NIGEREAN in English 28 Jan 85 po

(Text ]

cso;

THE Nigerian Navy said in
Lagos that it acquired the Sapele
port for security and logistics
reasons.

The Naval Director of Informa-
tion, Commander 0. A. Oladimeji
said in a statement that the port
was taken over with the permis-
sion of the Federal Military
Government.

According to him, the port,
ce it was built, had been under.
utilised in spite of the fact that it
has major facilities required by
the navy for ils operational effi-
ciency

‘The Navy, he said. had over the
s been making strenous ef-
to acquire an exclusive port
which would not be shared with
merchant marine.

Commander Oladimeji_
that the N was ther
delighted “to have an exclusive
port, which among other uses,
will serve as a quiet location for a

si

y

3400/501.

57

host of activities like central
naval logi: rage and
technical training.

He said these facilities would
have been provided at a great
cost. adding that the Navy would
absorb as many civilian workers
of the port as p ible after they
had been screened. ,
sured companies now
convenient
+ Koko,
Burutu. Escravos and Forcados
were always available for their
use,

The Navy is expected to lake
over the Sapele Port formally in
March this year.

Meanwhile, the Commandant of
(he Command and Staff College
Jaji, Brigadier Paul Omu has
commended the Nigerian Navy
for its intensive activities to
modernise. and increase its
capabilities.

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NUGERTA



cso:

3400/636

external assets built up by the
United States over the past 75
years. And it’s happened in
the short space of 24 months!
Now let's assume that you
live either in one of the
world’s many impoverished
countries or form part of a
nation which has borrowed
heavily and is struggling to
contain its indebtedness.
Without America’s largesse
you'd be a lot worse off than
you are. The United States
knows .this and rests secure in
;the knowledge that its mam-
moth external deficit is giving
, the Third World the breathing

space ‘it ys to put its house *

Jin order. 3
A strong! dollar forms part
. of this strategy, since it ren-

ders the American currency "

acceptable (nay, highly at-
tractive) to. those countries

requiring economic assis- '

tance.

But ‘for every solution
there’s a problem. In this
case, its the plight of Ameri-
can business. The strong dol-
lar virtually rules out the
competitiveness of US ex-
ports, while even undertak-
ings which do not form part of
the export market are being
ground down by competition
from cheap imports.

81

Businessmen the world
over, when faced with a set-
back, resort to restructuring
their balance sheets. They sell
assets to reduce their borrow-
ings and to construct a surviv-
al cushion that will help tide
them over the bad times.

Thus, American corpora-
tions, faced with progressive-
ly tougher business condi-
tions, are going to be gradual-
ly liquidating their foreign in-
vestments -- no matter where
those foreign investments
happen to be located.

Sell shares

It might be more conve-
nient to sell their South Afri-
can shares because by doing
so they will raise the capital
they require and simultan-
eously get the disinvestment
lobbyists off their backs. .

It matters not that the
prime motivation for disin-
vestment isn’t political. The
bottom line is that a trend is
beginning to develop towards
disinvestment — and South
Africa will suffer accordingly.

Hopefully, the process will
be a slow one, enabling’ us to

og. Above all, however, we:
Mare in ta ourselves into

. ae to the evolving situa-

jgpelitving that disinvestment’
ill not take place. Lat



JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

absorption and ease of processing. Possible uses include kitchen-utensil
handles, electrical products, fishing gear and shoe heels, [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Feb 85 p 3]

MEALIE CROP SECRECY--Nobody is sure whether South Africa will nedd to import
maize this year. The National Maize Producers Organisation (Nampo) projects
a crop of between 5,5-million and 6-million tons, enough for domestic con-
sumption, But the Maize Board will make no forecast. The reason is that
talk of South Africa seeking orders on the international grain market would
send prices soaring. General manager of the Maize Board Hennie Nel says the
projected size of the maize crop is a "military secret" as far as he is con~-
cerned. This fuels speculation that South Africa will have to import maize.
Three weeks ago the South African Agricultural Union estimated imports of
about 1-million tons at a cost of $410-million. Nampo's chairman, Piet
Gouws, says SA may not need to import maize because the white mealie crop
for human consumption is expected to satisfy demand of 3,2-million tons.
[Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Feb 85 p 1]

SOEKOR OFFSHORE DRILLING--Sedco-K--The American oil rig hired by Soekor--has
anchored seven kilometres off the beach from Kini Bay, near Port Elizabeth,
and is to start drilling for oil and gas this week. It has been confirmed that
the rig is to stay there for the next six to eight weeks. Excited Kini Bay
residents phoned the Evening Post to say the monster rig, with two tugboats

by its side, had anchored "right under our noses" and had not moved since
Thursday. Mr Tony Robinson, a Port Elizabeth businessman and one of several.
retired people who live in the secluded "suburb-by-the-sea", told of his sur-
prise when the rig appeared "slap bang in front of my home". In an interview
in Johannesburg today, Soekor's liaison officer, Mr Mike Liebbrandt, warned
against misinformation leading to land speculation and the creation of false
hopes of an oil or gas strike on Port Elizabeth's doorstep. He said the rig
was one of several in the area between Port Elizabeth and Mossel Bay and that
there had been a lot of drilling already in the area, though mostly about 90
kilometres from the shore. "Drilling is always a big gamble. You might find
gas, you might find oil--and you might find nothing," he said. The drilling
operation is to be conducted under tight security with only two people, Mr
Liebbrandt and the managing director of Soekor, Dr P J van Zijl, being per-
mitted to deal with the Press. All Mr Leibbrandt would say was the rig was
anchored "unusually close to the shore", He was not in a position to provide
information about the geological potential of the ground under the rig. Dril-
ling would start almost immediately in order to reach a standard depth of four
kilometres, he said. Mr Liebbrandt said Soekor was "holding thumbs" for a
Cabinet decision in June permitting production at holes where gas had been
found near Mossel Bay. The Government was scrutinising reports on the finds
and studies of their possible viability. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING
POST in English 4 Feb 85 p 1]

116


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ZALRE

BRE

KENYA HOLDING LUMUMBA'S SON~-A young man said to be the son of the late
Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Congo (now Zaire) is being
held at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport since Saturday, the Nation
confirmed yesterday. According to officials of Ethiopian Airlines which flew
the 29-year-old Mr Lumba [as published] Anniry to Nairobi on Saturday morning,
the young man, who holds a Yemeni passport, was to connect a flight to
Lilongwe. The Ethiopian Airlines flight touched down at around 11.40 a.m. on
Saturday, and there was no immediate flight to Lilongwe. "He did not have a
visa to enter Kenya. When he could not get one, he wanted to get in by
force", said the airline official. The facts were confirmed by an official in
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who said the young man was very rude when
immigration officials questioned him. "He was even very violent and wanted to
get into the country. He was told to wait in the transit lounge but all in
vain...even this morning, he was very violent", the official told the Nation.
He said the young man either missed his flight or booked wrongly. "Since he
was not coming here to enter our country, the problem was created by the man
himself," the official stated. The Principal Immigration Officer, Mr Milton
ole Ncharo, said the young man “is just a traveller like any other. He re-
quires to provide travel documents plus a visa. He is not allowed into the
country because he has no visa. Reports reaching the Nation last night said
Mr Anniry had been provisionally booked on the Air Malawi flight scheduled for
Wednesday. When contacted, the Zairean Embassy Press attache told the Nation:
"We are not aware but since you are informing me, IL will check. We operate

within the Kenya laws," he said. [Joseph Karimi] [Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION
in English 15 Jan 85 p 20]

ZAIRIANS FLEE TO TANZANIA--DAR ES SALAAM, Thursday--A large number of Zaireans
have fled into Tanzania following clashes last November between dissidents and
security forces in the Zaireah town of Moba on Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania's
state-owned news agency, Shihata, reported yesterday. A senior official in
the Home Affairs Ministry was quoted as saying the refugees had poured into
the Kigoma and Rukwa regions and would be sent, after screening, to a refugee
centre at Labora, about 800 kilometres west of here. ‘Their rutiber would be
disclosed after it was established how many were elibigle for assylum, said
the official, who was not identified. Last March, the UN High Commissioner
for Refugees said Tanzania was providing shelter for 5.7 million refugees of
various nationalities. ‘The Zaire Kkmbassy here said it has not been informed
of the influx. Zambia has reported that 400 Zairean fefugees have entéred

119



STUDENT STIPEND IN CHINA DISCUSSED

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 8 Feb 85 pp 11-12

{Text ]

cso:

THE Kenya government and the Chinese
embassy in Nairobi this week dismissed
complaints from Kenyan students admit-
ted to Chinese universities on scholarship
that the allowances they receive are
inadequate to cater for all their needs.
The students, at the Beijing Language
Institute, had written to The Weekly
Review complaining that the monthly
allowance of 120 Chinese yuan (one yuan
is equivalent to about shs.6 in Kenya) was
not enough to buy food, books and
stationery while they were in China.

“Every month, food alone costs 80 yuan or.

more. Other basic necessities cost at least
+ 80 yuan. How can we buy reference books,
such as dictionaries, while the price of
commodities is rising so sharply”? the
letter said.
e The director of higher and. technical
eduéation in the ministry of education,
Mr. David Mbiti was not impressed by
the students’ complaints. He said the
stipend that Kenyan students get while
studying in China is higher than that
which the Chinese give their own
students, while other African students in
.China get the same as the Kenyan
students: “The Kenya government has no
extra funds to top-up the scholarship
awards that they get and to do so would
be tantamount to discrediting the donor
‘country,” Mbiti said. Mbiti added that if
the parents of the students felt that the
money was inadequate, they would be
allowed to top it up.

The students complained that one of
them, Mr. Leornard Juna, had contracted
a heart disease owing to inadequate
winter clothing. They said the colleges
arranged tours during winter and summer
holidays but the students could not afford
to join the tours because they were

3400/645

26

required to pay between 200 to 300 yuan
“for them. They therefore appealed to
President Moi to consider what they
termed their plight in China.

In response tothe complaints, the first
secretary in the Chinese embassy in
Nairobi said his country gives special
preferences to foreign students in China.
He said, China is a developing country
with low salaries and the cost of living is
relatively low. He said he had two sons
and one daughter in Chinese universities
for whom he pays maintenance of 40 yuan
per month. He said that after working for

- 35 years, he himself used to earn 105 yuan

before he left China ss the head of the
East African division in the Chinese
forejgh ministry. As an example of the
cost of living in China, he said a kilo of
rice costs about Kshs.2/20, a kilo of beef
shs.710, and a bottle of beer about shs.
2.80. “My son’s breakfast at the univer-
sity costs between an equivalent of 50
cents and shs.1.50, lunch shs.2-3 and
dinner the same amount,” he said. .

A senior engineer with many years of
experience in China gets a monthly salary
of 100 yuan and that is much less than the
allowances given to foreign students.
According to a brochure from the Chinese
embassy in Nairobi, the average income
for a Chinese worker is about 526 yuan
which is about 44 yuan per month. The
embassy official said’ foreign students in
China get 120 yuan for allowances but
they are exempted from paying tuition
fees, lodging, medical or travelling fares if
they are transferred from ‘a college to
another. Both the embassy official and
Mbiti were agreed on the fact that
depending on how the allowances to the
‘Kenyan students in China were used,
they should be enough to cater for their
stay in the country. .

KENYA


UK PAPER DISCUSSES IRON FIST WARFARE EXERCISE IN OPERATIONAL AREA

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Feb 85 p 16

[Text]

CSO:

LONDON: In a report the

- Daily Telegraph said that the

recently concluded warfare
exercise in the northern
‘region of South West Africa,
code-named Iron Fist, was an
exercise to serve notice on
Angola that South Africa’s
military patience is running
out with the ineffectiveness
of the Lusaka Agreement on
non-aggression.

The.report, by Christopher
Munnion, described the exer-
cise as a two-day conven-

, tional warfare exercise and

* the London paper said that it
was the largest held in the
operational area near the
Angolan border with South
West Africa. .

The Telegraph stated in its
report that the South
Africans maintain a conven-
tional battle group at the for-
ward military base at
Oshakati, and said the Daily
Telegraph, most senior of-

. ficers accepted that sooner
and later they would again
deploy deep into Angola to
deal with bases of SWAPO.

As in earlier operations,
the Telegraph writes, the
South African conventional
battle groups expect to face

3400/635

.discuss reported

mechanised and armoured
units of the Angolan Army
and the Cubans, who in the
past have always defended
the SWAPO bases.

That, said that Telegraph,
was the reason for Exercise
Iron Fist.

Under the Lusaka Agree-
ment, signed a year ago,
Angola and South Africa set
up a Joint Monitoring Com-
mission to supervise
withdrawal of South African
troops from southern Angola
and deny access through the
area to guerrillas of SWAPO.

The Monitoring Commis-
sion came to a standstill six
months ago at a line some 35
kilometres north of the South
West African border when it
became apparent that
FAPLA, the Angolan regular
army, was unwilling or in-
capable of stopping the flow
of SWAPO guerrillas.

Since then senior officers
from both FAPLA and the
South African Army have
met on a daily basis in the
town of Ngiva in Angola to
infr-
ingements of the agreement
but the border crossings have
continued.

The meetings between
FAPLA and the South
Africans are cordial enough.

The officers swap soldiers’
yarns over coffee, exchange
souvenirs and play poker.
But the South African
military and the South West
African Territory Force feel
they have been disadvantaged
by the Lusaka Agreement,

SWAPO’s mobile forward
headquarters and training
groups swiftly filled the
vacuum left as the South
African forces withdrew
southwards,

South African recon-
naissance flights to monitor
the guerrillas’ movements
have been regarded as viola-
tions of the Lusaka Accord,
although only three of 102
violations investigated by the
Commission have been com-

.mitted by the South Africans.

The Daily Telegraph in its
report cites SWAPO’s
military strength ‘to. be
estimated by the South

Africans to be in the region '

of 8 000 men. Of these 65 per
cent are committed to helping
the Angolan Government in
its battle against the UNITA
rebel movement.

The paper concludes by
saying that there has been no
decrease in SWAPO’s activi-
ty in northern South West
Africa since the Lusaka
Agreement.

UPRS-SSA-85--02
13 March 1985

ANGOLA


dangerous in order to carry out some mission or other, have not hesitated to
do so. On some of these missions, various of these officers have shown no
fear of spending the night alone, hidden in the heart of the forest, provided
this would enable them to carry out their task. It is these aspects of dedi-~
cation to their work which have made the forest in question a place which is
not very safe now for the bandits still to be found there.

There in the forest, where the objective and the certainty is to triumph, both
large and small privations go very simply unnoticed.

Fine-combing the Forest.

During one of the sweeps in which I participated, beginning in the morning and
ending about 2100 hours, I was truly impressed by the way in which the entire
force engaged in the operation gave no indication either of fatigue or of
hunger. Moreover, when the captain commanding the force asked the soldiers if
they wanted to stop for a short rest to consume their combat rations, the men
responded in unison that the march should continue.

It was no mere happenstance that the bandit Armando Nhabanga, whom I had the
opportunity of introducing to our readers in the last issue, was assigned the
task of reconnoitering the environs of Incoloane, where the bandits were
attempting to establish a new camp, since they can look forward to no peace in
the forests. The actions of the armed bandits there have in fact been compro-
mised by the constant sallies carried out by the mobile units.

The courage of these soldiers who refuse to remain stationary for any longer
than it takes to obtain information on the movements of the armed bandits led
me to conclude that if they had been assigned the task of patrolling the areas
of roadway regarded as dangerous, many catastrophes could have been avoided.
It was this mobile battalion which succeeded in clearing the forest in
Vundica, a zone which earlier in time was a nest of bandits. It was the
members of this battalion who destroyed an important enemy base in the neigh-
borhood of Matalane, in which many bandits, including the chief, fell.

The traditional practice is to advance in deployed formation, and never in a
colum, in order to sweep a broader area and to cover all of the probable
hideouts of the bandits with a fine-toothed comb. These soldiers always
advance in absolute silence, like true hunters, unlike other groups I have had
the opportunity to accompany, who whistle and hum as they march.

At each position where a company of this battalion has established itself
temporarily, one will find a group of captured armed bandits, a group of
informers and collaborators. During my stay among these men, I saw seven
bandits they had captured and 10 other informers and collaborators awaiting
transfer to the town of Manhica. .

Veterans of the Forest
All of these young men have already done more than 2 years of compulsory

military service, with all of this time spent within the forest, from Manica,
Inhambane and Gaza to Maputo. It must certainly be their long war experience

41



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS SPEECH AT MPLA CONFERENCE OPENING HIGHLIGHTED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Feb 85 p 16

[Text]

LUANDA: The Angolan President in a re-
cent speech at the opening session of the First
National Conference of the MPLA, struck a
tone of harsh reproach when he referred to
South Africa.

President dos Santos said that the serious
and constructive’ new peace proposals
presented by his government had met with
what he called an arrogant response on the
part of South Africa.

He accused South Africa of having made
unacceptable demands which, he said, were
contrary to the ethics of international rela-

ions.

President dos Santos accused South Africa
of being responsible for maintaining the pre-

sent climate of tension in the frontier region:

of South West Africa and Angola.

He imputed South Africa of ‘still banking’
on eliminating the legitimate governments of
frontline countries in order ‘to put its own
puppets in power’.

However he did not dismiss future efforts
on the part of his government to find a solu-
tion for the tension in conjunction with
South Africa.

He said Luanda’s policy would continue to
be open to sincere and constructive dialogue
with the United States and the South African
Governments in seeking what he called a just
solution to the problems that were concern-
ing all of those in southern Africa.

‘Obviously, he said, such a dialogue could
only be fruitful if there existed good sense,
realism and the will to take serious decisions
to preserve peace, stability and the in-
dependence of the peoples of the region with
ne interference in one other’s internal af-

8.
He accused South Africa of what he called
premeditated inability of compliance with
what was stipulated in the Nkomati Accord.

After accusing South Africa of a number
of things, President dos Santos referred to
the case of Angola and miade the observation
that South Africa persisted to this day with
the occupation of part of Angola, despite,
said the Président, the undertaking which

CSO; 3400/635

were entered into at Lusaka. He said there
was no valid reason for South Africa to
justify what he called an act of continued ag-
gression. He could only conclude, said Presi-
dent dos Santos, that the South African
Government wished to use the hope of peace
that was created merely to break out of its in-
ternational isolation and to ensure the sur-
vival of the apartheid system.

He reaffirmed Luanda’s diplomacy in cen-
tral Africa as geared to consolidating the
climate of understanding and good
neigbourliness in order to maintain relative
security and stability on the northern border
and to seek a lasting solution to the problem
of South West Africa independence based on
United Nations Security Council Resolution
435. A
In his address the President made no secret
of it that the enemies of the MPLAhad step-
ped up their attempts to destabilise the coun-
try. He accused UNITA of being unable to
carry out on its own war acts and made the _
accusation that as a result the South Africa
Army had to intervene directly in the theatre _
of military operations. He cited what had
happened at ba as an example. He
admitted partial destruction of the Loméum
hydro-electric dam and the placing of limpet.
mines on ships in the port of Angola and the
attacks of fuel depots in Lobito as having
been carried out by UNITA but added that
UNITA in itself was incapable of committing
such acts, us

Referring to the Cuban troops in his coun-
try he denied that Cuba was receiving pay-
ment from the Angolan people for these
troops. President dos Santos stated that .
Russia was still the main supplier of weapons
and military equipment and he said that
cooperation between his country and Russia
was on the increase. He said that Soviet
specialists had made an inestimable contribu-

- tion to the building up of the Angolan

forces.

He said that it was on the basis of Angola’s
foreign policy aimed at safeguarding the in-
dependence of his country that there had
been diplomatic initiative to normalise
Angola’s relations with Senegal and China.



project under construction at Thota-Moli, 18 Km south of Maseru. A report
{rom Abidjan in Ivory Coast, the headquarters of the bank, says the agrce-
ment was signed this week by Lesotho's Nigh Commission to Kenya Mr. Bereng
Sekhonyana and the ADE Vice President Mr. Bahute. ‘the airport construction,
started in 1983, is scheduled for commissioning in June this year. This is
regarded as one of the country's major projects. [Text] [Maseru LESOTHO
WEEKLY in Mnglish 4 Jan 85 p 1J

CSO: 3400/627

‘

35



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

the more powerful countries who are prepared to use South Africa as the spring-~
board for their participation in economic development." [Text] [Johannesburg
RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Feb 85 p 6]

MARKET SURVEYS--Market Research Africa will do more than 20 surveys, including
at least 22 000 field interviews among all race groups, this year. Its Omni-
jet surveys will cover adults of all races, Oméimetro metropolitan blacks,

and Omibrand black and white housewives. A statement by the company says its
sutdies are used by the Bureau for Economic Research and many advertising
agencies, manufacturers and service companies. "Clients can get representa~
tive coverage, at a low cost per question, and this is ideal when only a few
questions are needed to solve a problem." MRA advises that questions should
be submitted by the third week of the month preceding the relevant survey.
[Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 11 Feb 85 p 5]

SUGAR OUTPUT-~Durban--The C G Smith group of companies has passed the impres-
sive figure of 1-million tons of sugar produced in a season-~reputedly the
first such achievement by any one organisation in the free world sugar history,
Mr Bas Kardol, the executive chairman of C G Smith, said yesterday the figure
had been reached through the combined outputs of his group's Natal-based cane
sugar companies and its US-based beet-growing, Monitor Sugar company. "The
Cubans and Russians, being communist countries, do not have a company structure
as we know it and some coalition of nationalised mills may have matched us, but
not a free enterprise company," Mr Kardol said, Monitor Sugar's contribution
this season betters 54 000 tons, which is above this producer's average of
about 50 000 tons. The six mills that make up C G Smith Sugar-~Pongola,
Gledhow, Noodsberg, {llovo, Sezela and Umzimkulu~-will produce over 965 000
tons this season, The previous best by the group was in the 1982-83 season
when some 822 000 tons was achieved. Last season-~-the drought season-~the

six mills did not reach 650 000 tons. Four of the six mills achieved record
productions, with the giant Sezela mill topping 265 000 tons--the highest ever
by a South African mill and, in the words of Mr Kardol, "A welcome endorsement
of the R55m expansion programme recently completed at Sezela." Three of the
group's South Coast mills also rank among the four leaders in the industry in
terms of recovery percentages. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in
English 8 Feb 85 p 3]

VINYL ALLOY EXPORTED--Ready to give a big boost to exports of hand tools is a
South African-developed vinyl acrylate alloy called Tuga, The alloy, created
by AECI and the Metkor group's TW Tools, is used extensively in various RW
hand tools and even builders' hawks. It comes at about half the price of im-
ported polymers. Roy Banks, technical manager of RW tools, says the Tuga
Project started as a close look at screwdrivers, of which RW Tools was a major
manufacturer, "It was apparent that not a lot could be done about the blade
and manufacturing process, and the emphasis fell on the handle, which makes up
about 65 percent of the screwdriver's cost. Of that, about 40 percent is the
cost of the material, generally cellulose acetate or cellulose acetate butyrate.
"With the plastics industry showing such tremendous advancement, I approached
AECI on helping to develop a new material. for handles. After 18 months of re-
search Tuga was born." The'material is characterised by extreme toughness

and scratch~resistance, combined with good impact strength, low moisture-

115



DIAMONDS EARN COUNTRY 554 MILLION

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jan 85 p 1

[Article by Jowitt Mbongwe]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/628

GABORONE: Botswana's
income from the sale of
diamonds in 1984 was about
P554 million, according to
the Resident Director of Anglo
American Corporation Mr
Louls Nchindo, :

In an Interview with BOPA +
this week he sald income from |
diamond sales In 1984
amounted to 431 million j
American dollars but because |
of the status of the dollar, the |
amount in Pula was higher.

Mr Nehindo said this
Income Implied that as in the
previous years, the mineral
sector dominated the |
economic scene last yearand >
was likely to dosoin years to i
come. t

Mr Nchindo revealed that
Botswana sold about 30 per
cent more diamonds|last year ;
in Pula terms. This he said,
was largely attributable to
increased production of the
mines.

He said the Jwaneng
diamond mine was again on
the lead and produced more
than half of the total sales.
Jwaneng mine accounted for
P370 million of the total

14

income, whilst the oldest
diamond mine Orapa
produced P123 million and
LetIhakane tralled behind with
production representing only
P61 million.

Mr Nchindo sald there were

no plans to Increase diamond '

production this year, adding
that a lot of dlamonds were
still being stockpiled.

He Intimated that Botswana
was one of the top three world
producers of diamonds,

having produced about 12 '

million carats last year. The
position was likely to remain
unchanged for sometime, he
predicted.

The Anglo American boss,
sald Botswana was likely to
get a bigger income in Pula
terms from the sale of
diamonds this year because
of the devaluation of the Pula.

Mr Nchindohowever, noted

that 1984 was a difficult year *

because of several problems.

He mentioned some of the
problems encountered in
diamond marketing as the
high Interest rates In the
United States, the strength of
the dollarand the dumping of
diamonds Into Europe by the
Soviet Union.

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA


JPRS~SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA

EXPERTS FORECAST BETTER ECONOMIC YEAR

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 16 Jan 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

GABORONE: ‘Economics
lecturer at the University of
Botswana Dr W. Masenya has
predicted higher income from
iamonds sales in 1984 in the
light of better market
performance and the
appreciation of the United
States Dollar against the Pula.

DrMasenya singled outtwo

done through direct in-
frastructural development or
through Investment by
parastatal organisations,
particularly the Botswana
Development Corporation.
Mr Bird intimated that the
outlook for 1985 was not
encouranging with the
specture of drought still

to cover periods of economic
recession, then excess
liquidity would stay on.

Agreeing with Mr Bird on
several issues, the Managing
Director of Standard
Chartered Bank, Mr
Christopher Green said 1984
in economic terms was better
than 1983.

features which he said looming. He said 1985 was expected
determined the course of the He said however, should to be better than the past few
economy during 1984. These, the diamond price continue years.

he said were the persistent

to stabilise, the Government

Mr Green added that the

drought andthe advancement should be able to continue Pula performed quite well in
of the American dollar against with Its efforts of stimulating 1984 In international monetary
other currencies. the economy, the bank chief | exchange. He said too that

In an interview with BOPA,
Dr Masenya said inflation was
Not a major factor since local
dealers made significant
currency transaction gains.
He said another reason was
that the inflationary situation
in South Africa was not
alarming.

In another interview, the
Managing Director of
Barclays Bank, Mr Robert
Bird, said the crippling
drought Botswana has been
facing in the past four years
has resulted in the slow
growth of lending to the
agricultural sector.

He said this situation made
the government bear the brunt
of financing major economic
projects during 1984. This was

3400/628

said.

“Mr Bird said the major
economic project for 1985 _

was undoubtedly the
proposed Soda Ash project
at Sua Pan. He said the
decision on whether the

project canproceedcouldbe .

finalised during the first half
of this year.

Mr Bird commented on
excess liquidity saying the
bank experienced its
reduction during the second
half of 1984. He said this was
partly due to Government
drawing money out of the
‘system through quarterly tax
payments.

Mr Bird said if the
Government continued its
conservative policy of
maintaining healthy reserves

the balance of payment was
impressive and Government
revenues went up. .

In his opinion, the Pula was
likely to remain stronger than
the South African Rand this
year. At the moment it is 11
per cent stronger than a Rand
after the devaluation by 15
per cent last week. Mr Green.
‘said the overall banking sector
grew kin lendings, savings
and in deposits.

The three economic experts
have implied during the
interview that economic
prospects for this year were
bright. There is also an
anticipated growth in the
manufacturing sector as well
as anincrease inemployment
‘opportunities.



‘vuiswys' Conventional Warfare Training Exercise Described
(PARATUS, Feb 85) vecccececcvcecccccececceterceseveeceees 75

500,000 Indians Suffer Under Group Areas Act
(CITY PRESS, 27 Jan 85) .ecccssecccccececceeevecceseveecs 77

Growth of Insurance Industry Noted
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 3° Feb 85) .svcccvccecccccerccececeseces 78

U.S. Disinvestment Issue Under Scrutiny
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Feb 85) .scscsccvcceeccevssecseecees 80

| Report on Sasol Profits Examined
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Feb 85) .ccecccccvcccceccecsceeseres 82

| Progress of Emerging Unions Reported
(Phillip van Niekerk; RAND.DAILY MAIL, 4 Feb 85) ..esseee 83

Radical Economic Choices Face Nation, Says Standard
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Feb 85) ..cccsccccsecevcveccvessceees 85

Record 350 Companies Facing Bankruptcy
(Alec Hogg; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Feb 85) ...

seco eeeeeeee 86

Trade Debt Increase Reported
(David Cumming; THE SUNDAY STAR, 3 Feb 85) .cseseeseceees 88

Corporate Take-Over Legislation Nears
(Lawrence Bedford; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 10 Feb 85) ....eeeeeee 89

SATS Harbors Revamp Reported
(Priscilla Whyte; RAND DAILY MAIL, 11 Feb 85) ..csecesees 90

Role of 112 Squadron Described
(G. Ford; PARATUS, Feb 85) ...scessscececcvesesceeeeeeees 91

Umgeni Commando Described
(PARATUS, Feb 85) seseesseccccccccccccceceseeeseesssseees 93

Krugersdorp Commando Described
CPARATUS, Feb 85) sescecscceccccenccceeseesesseereeescens 95

| Taiwan Firm To Set Up Factory in Transkei
| (Trevor Bisseker; EVENING POST, 28 Jan 85) secececesevese 98
|

Hi-Tech, Automation Impact on Jobs Examined -
(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 27 Jan 85) ..ccccececescceces 99

Lay-Offs Dominate Labor Scene
(Phillip van Niekerk; RAND DAILY MAIL, 11 Feb 85) ....00- 101



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ZAMBIA

CIVIL SERVANT PAY RAISE APPROVED
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 29 Jan 85 p 1
[Article by Mike Ngoma] ~

[Text] PUBLIC service workers have finally won salary rises of up to K30 from
the K50 a month demanded by four national unions representing them following
protracted negotiations with the Government.

The deal brings to an end six months of negotiations by the Government and the
four unions over the K50 demand by the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU)
last August to reduce economic burden imposed on workers as a result of the
high cost of living.

Speaking shortly after the meeting with Government officials in Lusaka yester-
day, spokesman for the Zambia United Local Authorities Workers Union (ZULAWU),
the Zambia National Union of Teachers (ZNUT), the Civil Servants Union of
Zambia (CSUZ) and the National Union of Public Service Workers (NUPSW), Mr
John Mbewe said the increases would first have to be ratified by the Prices
and Incomes Commission.

Mr Mbewe who is vice-chairman of the CSUZ and was flanked by ZNUT general
secretary Mr Albert Chibale said the effective date of the package deal was
November 1, 1984.

“Negotiations have come to an end in that the four national unions which have
been negotiating have agreed on these terms of offer," he said.

The deal had been divided into four categories with the lowest paid public
servants getting K30 and the highly paid getting K15.

“The second lowest paid group will get K25 while the other group will get
K20,"" he said.

Mr Mbewe hoped the Government would implement the package deal with full speed
and appealed to members to exercise patience.

Asked how the four unions felt on their failure to clinch K50 they had been

demanding, Mr Mbewe said in negotiations it was not possible to get what one
was asking for.

127



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EFFORTS TO CREATE NEW JOBS EXAMINED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jan 85 p 1
[Article by Jaap Boekkoi]

[Text] During the first two months of last year government and industry in
the United States created 2,5 million new jobs, more than all the new jobs
produced in the European Economic Community in 14 years,

At the same time South Africa was trying to create 57 000 new pick-and-
shovel jobs.

With a workforce one-tenth the size of America's, South Africa should create
at least a quarter of a million new jobs to equal the remarkable American
record,

But nothing like this is planned, partly because job creation in the land of
Uncle Sam is much more organised,

Under America's new Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, Washington
stands to spend almost R100 000 million in seven years to retrain retrenched
workers into other labour fields, while a private society spends another
R50 000 million a year.

Retrenched Detroit car workers, for instance, are trained not for welfare,
but for "workfare" in fields such as fire inspection, cookery instruction,
computer terminal operation, cable TV techniques and teacher aids.

Like South Africa, the United States has also created jobs for school leavers
in the pick-and-shovel field,

A hundred thousand of them will help maintain national parks, working to con-
serve and reclaim stripmined land.

Both here and in the United States the main factor in unemployment is the
“skills barrier". While more than seven million Americans are still without
jobs, there are still one million vacancies for skilled workers in many cate-
gories,

105



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SHOOT ON SIGHT ORDE!
an earlier s

--SOKOTO State Governor, Brig. Garba Duba, has clarified
statement credited to him that he ordered the shooting at sight of
smugglers at the I]lela border post with Niger Republic. A Government House
statement issued in Sokoto on Tucsday said what the governor meant was that
the security agents should shoot in self-defence whenever their lives were in
danger. The statement said the overnor's directive followed reports that
some smugglers ahd attempted to over-run security agents with vehicles when
attempts were made to stop them. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 3 Jan
85 p 16]

CSO: 3400/490

64


JORS-SSA-~85-020
13 March 1995

GHANA

BRIEES

ROMANIAN TRACTOR SPARES RECEIVED-~the Agricultural Mechanization Limited at
Nsawam today took delivery of 72 million cedis worth of tractor spare parts
at a ceremony at Tema Harbor. Speaking to newsmen at the harbor, the general
manager of the Agricultural Mechanization.Limited, Mr Ablor Mensah, said a
large consignment of tractor tires worth 17.5 million cedis have already been
delivered, He announced that 1,568 cases of tractor spare parts are at the
docks awaiting delivery. They were brought in under a Ghana~Romanian bi~
lateral trade agreement. He emphasized that the spare parts would be suf-
ficlenat to rehabilitate at Least 80 percent of the universal tractors and

equipment in the system, [xcerpt] [Acera Domestic Service in English 2145
GMT 2L Feb 85 AB]

ARMED FORCES TO MANEUVER-+The Ministry of Defense announces that the Armed
Forces will be conducting field maneuvers in the area of Akosombo Akwamu
Dwarf Islands from Wednesday to Saturday. A statement from the ministry
says the maneuvers, codenamed Exercise Team Work, will involve movement of

troops throughout the country. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service in English
2000 GMT 25 Feb 85 AB]

680;  3400/640

19



According to the latest surveys Benin will receive net revenues from the Seme-
field totalling approximately $180 million--1.7 billion kroner--by the time
the field will be depleted around 1990. If Saga successfully implements

phase 2, an increase in net oil revenues by closer to $60 million--550 million
kroner-~is expected.

By 1990, Saga will have received revenues of approximately 75 million kroner
from a phase 2 project. At present, the company has an agreement to cover
its expenditures; in addition, it will receive four percent of the field's
production.

Poor

Benin has approximately 4 million inhabitants. The People's Republic is one
of the poorest countries in Africa and is on the United Nation's list of the
world's least developed countries. The gross national product is approximately
1,200 kroner per inhabitant.

An increase in revenues from the Seme~field due to phase 2 will therefore mean
a lot to Benin. In addition, the country plans on expanding oil production in
other areas as.well. With the help of Saga Petroleum the authorities in the
country have created the right conditions for foreign oil companies to join
the offshore drilling. The first round of concessions will probably take place
this fall.

Today, oil, operations account for merely five percent of Benin's gross national
product. However, the objective is to increase this percentage in the coming
years. Altogether, 73 percent of the country's popualtion is engaged in agri-
cultural production. Agriculture contributes 45 percent to the gross national
product, i.e. almost 10 times as much as the oil operation.

Even though Benin is a very poor country, the People's Republic if not as badly
off as some of the other countries in Africa. The daily needs of the people
in Benin are met. Hunger and disease are not prevalent in contrast to several
other countries on the continent. The school system in the former French
colony is constantly being expanded, but there is still a lot could be done

in the health field.

12831
CSO: 3639/80



OUTSIDE AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNIVERSITY UNREST

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 9 Feb 85 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

- AFTER last year’s diplomatic breakthrough by

Nairobi University students culminating in the

“tea with the President’? debut, new problems

have brought the students almost back to square
one. The problems séem to have been brought
about by the expulsion of three.students and the
withdrawal of sponsorship for five more.
Because the expelled students did not vacate the
campus as expected by the authorities, they have
naturally availed themselves of the apparently free
platform to incite the rest to some action. Thus
a number of illegal kamukunjis have taken place

. led by what are strictly illegal residents.

Happily, the friendship which has prévailed bet-
ween the University and the Chancellor, who is

. also the President, seems to have created a difficult

’ dilemma for the majority of the students. While

the expelled students have been inciting some kind

of demonstration, the bulk of the students con-

sidered it, unwise and a betrayal of faith to their

’ Chancellor to go out demonstrating. ©

For this, we in The Kenya Times congratulate
the many students who exhibited the expected
degree of maturity to their Ghancellor, Universi-
‘ty authorities, their parents and many of their well

- wishers.

It is, however, unfortunate that the self-styled

- student - -leaders, one of whom sat next to the

Chancellor at the tea, can behave so treacherous-
ly after such a short time, and attempt to turn the

_entire campus against the Government. As on-
“lookers, we can only suspect that, as usual, possi-

ble outside influence to destabilise this country

_ through the so-called ‘‘student power” is at work.

24

JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

KENYA


JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTIL AFRICA

UMCENI COMMANDO DESCRIBED
Pretoria PARATUS in -nglish Vol 36 No 2, Feb 85 pp 16-17

{ext} Since its inception in 1963, Umgeni Commando--situated close to the
centre of Durban--has established itself as a vigorous, enthusiastic, well.
Liked and respected unit within and without the borders of the city.

Consisting of volunteer wembers and National. Servicemen, the unit was initial--
dy assembled at Lord's Ground, Living a corrugated+-iron shack existence.

Under the command of Cmdt. R. N. Fennels, tt established itself as an effec~
tive urban comman do unit. Offering services such as 24 hour aid to the SAP,
protection of national key points (NK?) and Liaison with civil authorities,
it has won the respect of many citizeas and relative commando's in Durban.

In 19/7, Umgeni Commando was relieved of its shack existence and found itself
now based at Shepstone oad, Bluff. Vor the next five years, Etestly under
the command of Cmdt 3B. Shantall (1977-1981) and then Cmdt J. J. Cunningham
(1981-1982) the unit continued its responsibilities as an effective Force
rendering aid to its surrounding community.

{In 1982, after massive alterations to what was once a boys' school and then
the Durban Central Police Headquarters, Umgeni Commando was given a new home
within the newly situated Group LO LQ--the command under which the unit Euac--
tions, and from whom it receives much encouragement, support and advice.

A new home, together with a new OC, Cmdt G. A. Smith, created a stimulus for
fresh {Ideas and further responsibilities. ‘the unit's expansion in members-~
consisting of 12-day a year personnel, areca and uon-area bound personnel of
all racial groups, as well as female personnel--has enabled it to provide a
more updated and fEuactLonal service. ‘heir responsibilities now included
the security of certain industrial elements.

Cmdt Smith explained: "Not only does this establish a better deployment of
manpower, but also a highly skilled company operating in a corporation or in
an industrial capacity."

Like many other associated commando units, Umgeni Commando has taken part in

Border operations on both the Northern Natal borders of Mozambique and in the
arid. SWA,

93



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RECORD 350 COMPANIES FACING BANKRUPTCY
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Feb 85 p 11
{Article by Alec Hogg]

[Text] More than 350 medium-sized companies will probably go to the wall
this month, overtaking the record of 289 set in February last year,

Next month's figure could be higher.

Liquidators, who had a breathing space in December and January as many com-
panies held on in the hope that Christmas would come to the rescue, are work-
ing at a break-neck pace.

O£ particular concern is the number of established companies which have
cracked under high interest rates and depressed demand.

Bids Drop

Agricultural product supplier Gollach & Comperts, established in the 1930s,
and the equally old construction company, Miodownik, which built the large
Ponte flat complex in Johannesburg, survived the 1976 recession, but they
have been crippled by the present slump.

Brian Winterstein, of auctioneers Aucor, says: “We will have twice as many
liquidation auctions this month than in February 1984, They range from
boutiques and shoe shops to fairly large industrial concerns."

Another problem for creditors is that assets are fetching low prices, Mr
Winterstein says: "Reserve prices have been chopped or dropped. Something
which fetched, say, R10 000 a year ago is going for at best R7 000 today."
Impossible

One of the larger companies to run into difficulty is Krugersdorp~based
trailer and body builder Pieterse Engineering, which once had an annual turn-
over of $8-million.

Pieterse Engineering held a R4-million stock liquidation sale this week. It
was the biggest of its kind in SA for some time.

86



2SINISTER OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS LAUDS CHINESE ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jan 85 pp 1, 3

{Text ]

GABORONE: The Minister
of External Affairs, Dr
Gaositwe Chiepe has spoken
in glowing terms about the
economic assistance
rendered by China to
Botswana.

Dr Chiepe was speaking at
areception marking the tenth
anniversary of the
establishment of diplomatic
relations between Botswana
and China. The Presidentand
Mrs Masire and the Vice
President, Mr Peter Mmusi
and Mrs Mmusi were among

the many dignataries who !
attended the occasion at the ©

Chinese Embassy on
Saturday evening.

Dr Chiepe said in a reply
speech that the economic
assistance rendered by China

toBotswanaandthetechnical -

cooperation between the two
countries cover important
sectors of the Botswana
economy.

She said this aid had in
most instances come at
propitious moments,
minimising the severity of the
harsmps resulting from the
drought that had plagued
Botswana for the past few
years. It would thus be seen
that Botswana continued to
bé strengthened by the
cooperation between the two
countries in the important
task of national development.
There was nothing nobler

than to make the lives of
other human beings better,
she pointed out.

She said, the racial
animosity and the denial to
millions of our brothers of
their basic human rights,
forces Botswana tolive under
an ever present threat - the
threat of a racial explosion of
unprecedented proportions.
{twould indeed be unnatural
to expect millions of people
denied basic human rights to
fold their arms and resign
themselves to perpetual
servitude, she said.

The Minister further said
the situation in southern
Africa represented @
tremendous challenge to
Botswana and China which
believed in human equality
and the right of people to self
determination. Like
Botswana, she said, China
has an equally principled
stand on the question of
Namibian indepedence. Such.
a stand she said, was based
on the cardinal principles of
self-determination,
indepedence, freedom, fair
play and justice for all.

In furtherance to such
goals, the Minister said, China
had unreservedly supported
United Nations Security
Council resolution 435 (1978)
and rejected the contention
that the independence of
Namibia should be linked to
extraneous issues such as

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA


CSO:

ability to carry troops at short notice to
regions which enjoy neither tarred nor
gravel runways.

O ensure peak operational efficiency,

numerous training courses and
weekend camps are held throughout
SWA and monitored by qualified Air
Force personnel. Activities include: survi-
val flying, navigational exercises, mock
casevacs and simulated forced landings.
Successful camps have so far been held
at Ruacana, the Kunene Mouth, Marien-
fluss, Rocky Point, Mowe Bay, Terrace

The squadron flash in sky blue, mustard
yellow and gold.

Bay, Rooikop, Sossusvlei, Khoimasis,
Rundu and Tsumkwe.

Squadron standards are high, for ex-
ample requiring a flight observer to be in
possession of a PPL so that he can take
over in emergencies. Map reading abili-
ties need to be acute in this desolate part
of the world where landmarks are few and
far between. And with low level flights
sometimes verging on “‘hedge-hopping”,
the pilot has to be particularly aware of
his surroundings and reflexes.

N 1968, control of the Commando

Squadron was transferred to the Air
Force resorting under 1 Light Aircraft
Col H.H.O. Denk was the original OC
tasked to build up the fledgling squadron
to operational capacity. PARATUS took
an informal photograph at his home.

Command, with Socomdo Cmdt Bob
Kershan, DSO, DFC.

Cmdt Piet Gouws took over the post of
OC in June 1979, and towards the end of
the year, 112 Sqn joined the South West
African Territory Force. The Squadron

3400/654

92

could now truly be said to be “the eyes of
the Army”. Orders were, however, taken
from Western Air Command, their “foster
parents”. After OPS Savanna, direct task-
ing of the Squadron was in the hands of
301 Air Component, on behalf of SWATF.

Cmdt Gouws and his SO Admin, Capt
Markus von Jeney, still a backbone mem-
ber of the Squadron today, realized the
necessity of increasing the Commando's
strength, and initiated a recruitment
policy which helped double the numbers
within four years.

Cmdt Gouws's term of office was short-
lived, unfortunately, due to a tragic acci-
dent and he was replaced in March 1981
by Cmdt Adri Basson, the present OC,
who, with total involvement, has taken the
squadron to even greater heights. In civi-
lian life, Cmdt Basson js an insurance
broker for a wetl known bank and recently
won an overseas trip for the best sales in
Southern Africa.

At the annual year end camp, the 21
years of existence were celebrated by
means of a medal parade, a fly past of Im-
palas and a formal function.

At present, the Squadron numbers
have swelled from the original close-knit
handful of men to over a hundred de-
dicated members. However, the original
team spirit and camaraderie remains and
is evident when members get together for
an organized shooting event followed by
a well earned beer and sing along.

The.Commando Squadron is on twenty
four hour standby. Whether aroused from
its sleep at one o'clock in the morning to
monitor the movement of Russian ships
off the Skeleton Coast, or to track terror-
ist insurgents on the borders, the Squad-
ron more than amply fulfils the motto: CE-
LERITER — meaning SWIFTLY, which de-
scribes their modus operandi. Rapid re-
action with resourcefulness: that is 1 SWA
Squadron!


in modern times this unit regularly sends men to the border and continues to
co-operate with the police and civil authorities on day to day security

tasks, In this way it upholds the country's Citizen Force Tradition, of which
South Africa is justly proud.

Going Away Gong Presented to the Commando.

When he retired as OC, Comdt W. 2. J. Rabe presented Krugersdorp Commando
with a gong which wil] be used by the mess president at officers’ and NCOs‘
dimers, and by the chairman at the conmando's meetings.

Cudt Rabe, who commanded the unit for 10 years stretching from February 1974
to February 1984 wished to leave a useful memento commemorating his 42 years
of service in the Defence Force. Ue joined the National Service Volunteers
in 1942 and later moved to the Sixth Armoured Car Squadron.

In an interview he said the highlight of his career was becoming OC of a
unit with such a Jong and colourful history as that of Krugersdorp Commando.
"The command's history goes back to 1898. When I was appointed I could give
a dinner party for all the unit's post-war officers commanding except one,
who died."

The gong which he presented comprises of military items collected over many
years. ‘the gong itself is a 40 wm anti-aircraft shell casing from a shell
fired at Osbikati in 1980. The framework consists of four bayonets. ‘The
bottom one was used on the short barrelled Lee Infield ,303, also known as

the Poena, and dates back to 1907. The top one was also a Poena bayonet used
by the police in the old days. The left bayonet on the photograph was used

on the Lee Eufield MK IV. The one used as the hammer was a successor to the
one just mentioned, and had a screwdriver point. On the right is a Rl bayonet.

CS0; 3400/654

97



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SATS TIGHTENS GRIP ON PRIVATE ROAD HAULIERS
johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Feb 85 p5

:Article by Ciaran Ryan]

280;

‘Text]
road transport and betrays the Road Transportation Act rent even if it means carry-
; the Government’s free-mar- a permit must be obtained — in, cargo without a permit.”
SOUTH African Trans- Ket stance. for every item transported mnie Meyer, deputy di-

port Services has been
“accused of engaging in
unfair and monopolis-
tic practices at the ex-
pense of private-sector
carriers in an attempt
to halt runaway annual
losses by the railways.

Hauliers say the Railways
Police are impounding

freight trucks on an unprece-
dented scale.

The Transportation Board
has been accused of with-
holding temporary permits
from private hauliers be-
cause of objections by the
railways.

Free market

Hauliers and transport ex-
perts want the permit system
which regulates transport to
be scrapped. They say it is
being used to pressure Suppli-
ers into using rail instead of

3400/636

Sats’ share of the freight
market is estimated at 55%
and falling, mainly into the
hands of road hauliers who
are thought to have 35% of
the market. At stake are bil-
lions of rands.

Sats’ loss of market share
is in spite of the fact that rail
tariffs are less than half road
rates. Experts say the end
user places a high price on
efficiency and the railways
cannot compete.

Willie Nel, of the Railway
Police, says: “We are not dis-
criminating against anybody
and there is no blitz on road
hauliers, We are empowered
to stop, check permits and
impound trucks if there is
good cause. Recent spot
checks were purely routine.”

Hauliers say temporar;

ermits, required by al

‘ansporters not in posses-
sion of permanent ones, are
seldom granted by the Road
Transportation Board. Under

on every route.

Hauliers say the permit
system is strangling exports
to neighbouring states and
endangering trade of about
R900-million annually,

One haulier says: “We are
not competing with the rail-
ways. We transport emergen-
cy supplies to black Africa —
food and fuel — and these are
required at short notice. Un-
less the cargo can be deliv-
ered quickly the order is giv-
en to another country.

Law-breakers

“Withholding permits from
hauliers does not mean the
business then goes to the rail-
ways. It means South Africa
loses exports.”

Leon Calitz, manager of
Transport International
Pool, says: “We are being
forced to break the law be-
cause we are not granted
permits. We have to pay our

113

rector general of the Depart-
ment of Transport Services,
replies: “When the Transpor-
tation Board considers a per-
mit application to transport
a commodity to Botswana,
for instance, it must look at
the service available.

Study

“Tf the railways: operate on
this route they have a claim
to transport the goods. The
huge capital expenditure by
the railways, often in areas
where nobody else was will-
ing to operate, must be fi-
nanced,”

One haulier, who would not
be named, told Business
Times: “It is the prerogative
of the supplier to nominate
his transporter. Nowhere
else in the world is there this
level of official interference

in the transport industry.
This is a matter of national
importance.”



FURTUER REPORTAGE ON DRYING DAMS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 Jan 85 pp 1, 11

{Article by Yusuf Ozit Usman]

{Text ]

cso:

INTER-BASIN transfer of
water as a long-term. measure to
arrest the threat posed to people

3400/501.

in the Northern part of the coun-
try by the drying up of major
dams had been suggested.

Alhaji Magaji Abdullahi, a
water resources engineer and
Managing Director of Water
Resources and Engineering Con-
struction Agency in Kano said
inter-basin transfer of water was
being practiced in other parts of
the world to solve acute’ water
problems. |

Alhaji Magaji said in an inter-
view with New Nigerian that
inough the method involved was.
expensive and sopiiisticated, its
benefit to the people was enor-
mous.

He explained that inter-basin
transfer of water could be done
either by dredging and diverting
the flow of water from Benue or
Niger Rivers to needy dams in
the country or creating artificial
rivers to where water could he
transferred from the basins:

The most efficient method was
by, pumping water at -high
pressures but this, he said, was
‘very expensive’.

Alhaji Magaji pointed out that
the recent threats ta several

dams by drought was becoming a :

cause for cdncern to water

60

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NICURIA

enginéers and ‘government ad-
ding that short-term measures
such as stopping unnecessary use
of water should be adopted.

He sajd WRECA which built the
Tiga Dam had a hydrological sta-
tion in'the dam to monitor the dai-
ly level of water there through
which it was discovered that
water in it was decreasing alarm-
ingly. ‘
le said over the past four
years, rainfall had decreased
from 40 inches to an average of 19
inches bringing the total quantity
of water in the dam to about 40
per cent of what it should be.

“Now to fill the dam, you need
two years of above average raitf-
fall which is about 950 million
cubic litres on yearly basis,"" he
explained.

Other dams threatened by the
drying-up menace, he said, in-
clude two in Kazaure, the’ Kafin-
Gana and Toma.

Alhaji Magaji noted that it was
unfortunate that mankind up {ill
now had no.contro! over nature.

The only way we could solve all
natural problems, he said, was to
use technological know-how.


JPRS-SSA-85~020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HUGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE LOSS HITS KOHLER

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Feb 85 pill

[Article by Peter Farley]

[Text]

cso;

A crippling R16 million foreign
exchange loss wiped out all the
good work done at Kohler over
the past couple of years and
pushed earnings marginally
lower in the 12 months to end-
December,

A statement accompanying
the year-end results says that
certain foreign exchange posi-
tions were left uncovered —
contrary to group policy and
without the board’s knowledge
—— and that the two people re-
sponsible have accordingly left
the company.

The forex losses aside, the
Gencor-controlled_ packaging
group did pretty well in the past
12 months. Attributable profit
was actually more than 23 per-
cent up at R10,8 million, despite
a massive leap in interest
charges to R15 million from
R9 million in 1983.

Nevertheless, it now seems
shareholders are going to have
to wait a couple of years before
earnings growth resumes.

Considerable help was also
received last year from the In-
land Revenue authorities, with
losses from prior years brought

3400/636

to account, slashing the effec-
tive tax rate to below five per-
cent from 1983’s 33 percent.

However, the second half of
the year was pretty flat, in prof-
it terms, with almost all of the
income improvement coming in
the first six months.

Slightly more than R2 million
has been taken off the bottom
line to go towards the forex
losses, and deductions of this na-
ture will now be in force while
Kohler amortises the losses over
the next four years.

HISTORIC YIELD

The dividend was, however,
held unchanged at 53c on only a
negligible drop in cover to 1,87
times from 1,92. Had there not
been the forex losses the pay-
ment could conceivably been
lifted another eight cents to 61c.

In view of the deteriorating
trading position and the pretty
bleak prospects, it is unlikely
that this strategy would have
been adopted.

At yesterday’s 925c the share
offers an historic 6,7 percent
dividend yield. Given that prof-
its must this year increase by
R2 million, or 23 percent, before
any bottom line improvement is

66

generated, it is likely to be a
forward yield as well.

Group turnover was up to
R361,1 million from R290,6 mil-
lion, with R23 million of the in-
crease due to the acquisition of
DRG and Xactics during 1983.

The balance was due to in-
creased market share in its tra-
ditional areas of operation, says
the company.

The leap in the interest bill
was also mainly due to the past
acquisitions, with long-term
debt up to R66,2 million from
R45,7 million. Gearing is there-
fore now in excess of 100 per-
cent.

The packaging industry is still
not going to be able to pass on
the bulk of its cost increases this
year so it seems inevitable that, .
despite a strong turnaround
from the depths of two years
ago, the group faces an earnings
decline this year.

The share price had held rea-
sonably steady around the 1 000c
mark for six months or so now,
but dipped sharply a couple of
weeks back. The ongoing repay-
ment of forex losses, depressed
market conditions, and the high
gearing suggest that there is
now further downside potential.



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA

MINISTER MOGWE DISCUSSES RURAL DEVELOPMENTS

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jan 85 ppl, 2

GABORONE: Botswana may in
future export sorghum milling
machines, called Sorghum
Dehullers, worth P300 000 to
South Africa if negotiations
between the Rural industries
Innovation Centre and South
Africa succeed.

This was highlighted in a

speech by the Minister of Mineral -
Resources and Water Affairs Mr»
Achie Mogwe at the Rural :

Industries Promotion (RIP) Tenth
Anniversary celebrations in
Kanye on Saturday, January 19.

Minister Mogwe noted that it !
is interesting that the RIP is co-

operating with the Government
of Tanzania for the exportation

of rural industries technology to ©

that country.

The Sorghum Dehuller, Mr
Mogwe said, is one of the earliest
successes which remains an
outstanding example of how
correct technology coupled with
local development can create
rural employment.

“Given the economia
conditions of Botswana, thenorm
would be a large urban milling
Industry. But through the
development of this small

machine *: rural and decen- .

tralise  . “ustry has been made
possible,” he said.

He added that the invention
not only created employment to
over 200 people, but provides
other benefits to the sorghum
Producer, the consumer and all
those who are relieved of the
“back-breaking and time-
consuming task of home
pounding and processing.”

Mr Mogwe pointed out that in
the ten years of the existence of

RIP, its activities grewtoinclude ,
Projects related to renewable
energy, low-cost building
materials, tanning, desalination,
village transport, agricultural .
Implements and others.

He said Botswana imports
millions of litres of diesel fuel
every year. “Under the harsh
conditions of Botswana, diesel
engines have a much shorter life
span than in other countries.
Remote focations together with ,
badroadsincreasethe problems °
of repair and fuel supply,” he
sald.

Minister Mogwe said because ‘
of this situation, renewable
energies are more economically .
attractive here than elsewhere.

Though he noted that the
technology was less efficient than
the diesel engine, it is
nonetheless suitable for
modern-day rural Botswana.

Mr Mogwe observed that
technologies created by the RUC
are different in design and
capabilities, especially in that
they are first renewable energy
pumping systems capable of
pumping from relatively deep
boreholes.

He commended the excellent
developments carried on by Rural
Industries Promotions, adding
that this is the reason why
Government increased its annual
contribution from approximately
P500 000 to P600 000 in 1984/85.

Minister Mogwe also
commended RIIC management's
efforts in their contribution to
the development of the RIIC and
the Frederic Ebert Foundation
for covering the costs of
establishing the centre.



The role women play in the unit is by no means insignificant. Timeous cleri-
cal tasks are handled diligently, their medical sector is superior and the
handling of signals is carricd out with the utmost efficiency.

In the bush, members' knowledge of musketry and tactical procedures equal
their driving ambition to become even more actively involved.

As a unit, Future objectives are improved efficlency, increase in manpower,
and to amplify what integration in a unit can achieve.

"With the increase in urban warfare--a fairly new concept in our soctety--a
lot of our work involves constant planning and Liaison with civilian authox -
ities falling within our area of responsibility. Be it manning road blocks
or protecting national key points the unit has a very definite purpose and
important role to play within the community," says Cmdt Smith.

With objectives such as these, Umgeni Commando is destined to achieve greater
recognition in years to come.

C80;  3400/654

94


WORST DROUGHT IN 40 YEARS THREATENS FARMERS

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 22 Jan 85 p 1

[Text ]

cso:

3400/628

GABORONE: Large areas in
Southern and Central Botswana
are facing the driest period in 40
years and unless there Is rain
between now and April the
prospect for a normal crop yield
is pessimistic.

The Botswana Guardian
quotes the Division of Planning
and Statistics of the Ministry of
Agriculture as saying only 10
per cent of the total farming
land, mainly in the north and
north-east has been ploughed
and planted.

Astudy by the Department of
Meteorological services, says the
Guardian, reveals that a good
production Is possible if the
January-February and March-
April rainfall are more than 30 to
40 per cent above normal rain of
which there is small chance.

‘The paper reports that rainfall
registered for the whole country
between October and December
fast year was only 40 per cent
below average except for east of

theaxis of Kasane-Pandamatenga-
Nkange-Tshesebe-Selebl-Phikwe-
Tsetsejwe-Bainesdrift where
rainfall was close to or above
normal.

It says the situation was fairly
bad in Ramotswa, Kanye,
Ngwaketse, Lobatse, Molepolole,
Mochudi, Masama and

Mahalapye where rainfall }

registered between October and
December was either nil or 35
percent below normal. Butsome
of the worst hit areas like
‘Tshabong, Jwaneng, Molepolole
and Serowe registered more than
64 per cent below normal up to
Jast month.

According to statistics the
Southern area used to yield good
crops. In normal years, it used to

produce 56 000 metric tons but |
last year crop production was .

only 7 300 metric tons, and ifthe
drought continues the yield this
year may be fess than the 7 000
ton mark.

16

JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

BOTSWANA


JPRS-SSA~85-020
13 March 1985

NAMIBIA

SWAPO PROMISES TO INSENSIYY ARMED STRUGGLE
Navare THE HERALD in English 28 Jan &5 pi

[Text] Armed struggle is to be intensified in Namibia to convince Pretoria
that the continued illegal occupation of the country is futile, says the
chief representative of Swapo at the United Nations, Cde Theo-Ben Gurirab.

Ne told The Herald on Friday: "There is need to intensify the armed struggle
on all fronts and we must. know who the enemy ig and which forces are giving
support and encouragement. to the enemy.

"But we must also on the other hand see how we can continue to mobilise our
friends to continue giving assistance to Swapo, the People's Liberation Army
and the people of Namibia to be their own libcrators."

Cde Gurirab, who is also a member of Swapo's political bureau, denounced the
current diplomatic activity by the United States Assistant Secretary of State
for African Affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, saying it had "nothing to do with
what we ought to be discussing on Namibia, that is the implementation of
United Nations Security Council Resolution 435", which calls for the holding
of free and fair elections in Namibia under the supervision and control of
the UN.

“If anything, the current flow of activities spearheaded by Dr Crocker are
primarily intended to delay the independence of Namibia and buy time for the
racist regime to put in place and actually entrench apartheid institutions,"
he said,

“Preposterous as it may sound," he said, Dr Crocker was also trying to buy
time for the racist regime of Pretoria to find an alternative to Swapo
through the local. puppets that were being bought and bribed to perpetuate con-
fusion in Namibia,

The Swapo leader said such activities were also an attempt to remove the is-
sue of genuine independence of Namibia, "from the centre of Africa's concern".

But it was imperative, he said, that the “settlement that must come to Namibia

must be the right one because a wrong settlement for Namibia will continue to
endanger the independence and security of the other countries in the region".

45



SATS HARBORS REVAMP REPORTED

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 11 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text]

‘HARBOUR developments totalling

R150m for export cargo handling
are being undertaken by SA Trans-
port Services.

Mr Jan Mors, assistant director
of harbour operating of SA Har-
bours, says Richards Bay is hand-

. ling the “upsurge in exports in coal
an

other minerals and insion
to existing facilities will relieve the
congestion”,

The maize industry has been talk-
ing about a Proposed facility for
exports through Richards Bay.

venue for harbours in 1983/84
was R733m and about 10,7% of total
Sats’ income for the period.

“Indications are that for
1984/1985 harbour revenue could be
almost 13% of total Sats’ revenue
mainly due to the upsurge in ex-

At Richards Bay construction of
three berths will involve R32m.

One berth will probably become
part of the bulk handling facility
and the others will handle ‘clean
cargo such as paper products and
ferro-allovs.

CSO: 3400/636

90

Infrastructure development for
the berths could cost about R40m.

New storage bins with a capacity
of 110 000m! for bulk cargo handling
are going to be installed for a cap-
ital outlay of R34m. The completion
date is the beginning of 1987.

A R4m pneumatic discharger for
handling imported alumina for Alu-
saf will be commisioned by May.

The railway line to Richards Bay
is being upgraded and this should be
completed by the end of 1987.

Durban port facilities are being
look at because of the shift from
general cargo to containerisation.

There are plans to convert three
feneral cargo quays to a steel facil-

Ly.

“The project will cost R20m be-
ing phased in over the next few
years. We hope with the achieving
of faster loading rates to increase
Durban’s capacity,” said Mr Mors.

Durban’s is expected to handle
more than 2-million tons of steel
this s year. Imports of maize through
Durban amounted to 1-million tons

year,

yf
Another major development in
Durban is the establishment of a
Ri2m pre-cooling facility for the
export of citrus fruit. Durban can
still handle more containers.

Port Elizabeth is already hand-"

ling 45000 tons of steel a month
taking the pressure off Durban.

Cape Town is quiet with the West-
ern Cape economy in the doldrums.
Some maize is being imported and
exports are mainly fruit.

aldanha iron ore exports are

pickin up, according to Mr Mors.

me 11,5-million tons was export-
ed in 1984,


cso;

3400/645

ted to be the first group to exploit oil in
the country. Blocks 5, 6, 7 and 8 are still
vacant but Block 9 is subject to negotia-
tions between four companies — three of
them in a consortium — forming two
interested parties. Although officials of
the ministry are not keen to disclose the
identities of these companies, it ig
understood that at least four other com-
panies showed interest at the close of the
deadline on December 20 last year. The
companies include Total, Marathon,
Mobil and Union Gil besides Amoco and!
Petro-Fina. Several other companies
understood to be studying data and
sending requests include Coconoco, Esso,
Elf and Union Texas.

According to a model production
sharing contract, the exploration period is
said to be seven years with a detailed
work schedule contained in the document
which the investor must stick to. An’
official of the ministry of energy said this
does not mean that oil cannot be struck
within one year. If the investor strikes and
mines oil within two or three years, the
better, he'said. In the first three years, the
investor must carry out certain specific
work to warrant an extension period of an
additional two years. One requirement of
the investor is that he drill at least one
well to warrant complete commercial
development within the first extension

,Period of two years and, if need be, the

next two years. Ideally, the first threet
years of prospecting should be enough to’
tell whether commercial enterprise would
commence, and exploitation should be

"undertaken within the first five years.

Facing every prospecting company is
the tightly worded agreement which
requires each company to surrender 50 per
cent of its area and another 25 per cent
after the first two years’ extension period.
‘This implies that the government is free
to re-negotiate these areas and give them
to another company if the prospecting
firm does not cover the entire area within
the first three years. a

28


4

The breakdown had been worked out in four categories in the spirit of narrow-
ing the gap between the lowly and highly paid.

“These are economic figures because the Government could not have paid us what
we had demanded from them. The K50 was negotiable."

He expected that the payment of the new package deal would be effected between
March ahd April depending on the amount of workload.

The four, unions had signed a collective agreement with Government which would
last for two years.

But he said while the four unions were happy with the terms they were free to
enter into fresh negotiations on conditions of service affecting their
members £ :

“Hence we are appealing to all members of the four unions to wait for a
peaceful implementation of their salaries and wages."

The Government team was led by Ministry of General Education and Culture per-~
manent secretary Mr Miles Banda while -permanent secretary for Personnel
Division Mr Vincent Malauni was chairman during the talks

The stalemate in negotiations resulted in the union calling for the urgent
removal of Minister of Labour and Social Services Mr Frederick Hapunda whom
they accused of having poor labour relations and fanning industrial strife in
Zambia. :

The call by the four unions was a culmination of widespread wild-cat strikes
involving doctors, clinical officers, council workers and other civil
servants. .

The workers involved were demanding the K50 pay increase, better conditions of
service and an urgent review of their salary structures.

Junior doctors at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Ndola and Kitwe
Central Hospitals went on go-slow having been angered by a statement by

Minister of Health Mr Mark Tamba-tamba who said their conditions could not be
reviewed separately from that of other civil servants.

cso: . 3400/534

128



cso:

3400/628

He warned that the centre must
not fall into the temptation of
becoming a mere “enclave of
sophistication, insensitive to the
aspirations of the people it is
designed to serve.”

Mr Mogwe said he appreciated
the Increase in the numbers of
RIIC village artisan trainees from
50 in 1983 to 200 in 1984.

He noted that as populations
grow, resources become scarce.
Itis significant that Botswana is
planning ahead so that life
becomes less miserable for
Batswana.

Mr Mogwe pointed out that
the existance of the RIIC in Kanye
fits into Government's policy of
promoting the living standards
of rural people to ensure socio-
economic development.

Speaking at the same occasion,
the Managing Director of Rural
Industries Promotions (RIP), Mr
David Inger strongly opposed
some technological and
economic trends in Botswana
which counter efforts to promote
rural development.

He pointed a finger at some
civil servants who say that
Botswana is a small country
which instead of developing
appropriate technology should
simply be buying western
technology.

Mr Inger pointed out that the
rural income distribution survey
showed that 50 per cent of all
tural households earned money
from traditional beer-brewing.

But, he added, the coming of
entrepreneurs from Malawi and
South Africa to brew Chibuku
actually transferred millions of
Pula from a rural cottage industry
to prosperous retailers,

12

industrialists,
Governnment.

and the

“Capital intensive urban
industry by its very nature always
creates pressures for the
concentration of wealth in fewer.
hands,” Mr Inger said.

He also added: “It has become
more and more clear over the
past few years that we are living
in a dual society, with real
standards of living dropping in
tural areas in contrast to the
Prosperity inside the modern
enclave.”

He noted however that
Botswana is not the only country
where increasing extremes of
wealth and poverty exist side by
side.

In the planning of new projects,
Mr Inger said, there is rarely any
real effort made to look at issues
such as choice of technology or
impact on the environment.

He said it we look at planning
from the World Bank point of
view of stimulating economic
growth and controlling fiscal
policy then it is true that
Botswana has a good reputation
for planning.

Mr Inger said for years the :
RIP, the Technology Centre and |
the University have been
Proposing the formation of a
national science and technology
council to act as a technological
ombudsman

However, he said, such a
council has no chances of
success unless government itself
takes the initiative and also makes
sure that it is a force to be
reckoned with. BOPA


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

NAMIBTA

BRIEFS

GAS BELONGS TO SWA NOT RSA--Any gas or oil resources which might be in or off
the coast of Namibia, belonged to the Territory and would be developed for
its benefit, a spokesman for the Department of Foreign Affairs said in Cape
Town at the weekend. Ie was reacting to a statement last week by Swakor,
Namibia's equivalent of the Soekor Fxploration Corporation, an SA Government
utility corporation controlling all oil and related explorations, on possible
exploration of the Kudu gasfield, Sapa reported. The Foreign Affairs spokes-
man reiterated the SA Government's stated position that: "Whatever gas or oil
XYesources there may be in Namibia or off its shores, are the property of SWA/
Namibia. Such resources will be developed for the Territory." Swakor is
wholly owned by Enok, whose sole shareholder is the Administrator General. of
SWA. In its statement Last week, Swakor confirmed that it is "presently busy
with negotiations with the concession-holder Soekor, on further investigation
of the gas resource," ‘fhe increased fuel prices and the advance of technol-
ogy offer the conversion of natural gas into liquid fuels" had caused Soekor
to go ahead with further exploration of the Kudu field," the statement added.
{Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 6 ¥eb 85 p 7]

CSO;  3400/633

56


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

ZAMBIA

GOVERNMENT PASSES MEASURES TO CURB STRIKES
#
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 21 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] PRESIDENT Kaunda has banned medical personnel from going on strike
with immediate effect. :
os

The President said in a special Government Gazette issued yesterday that every
junior resident medical officer, senior resident medical officer, registrar,
senior registrar, consultant, paramedical, midwife, nurse or any other person
employed by the Government or'-the University of Zambia in the medical field
“is hereby ordered to remain in and.continue such employment at his or her
usual place of work".

Dr Kaunda who has been obviously prompted by the recent go-slow action and
strikes by doctors and medical personnel demanding salary increments and
improved conditions of service, says these workers should carry out their
duties in accordance with conditions of service including those relating to
hours and schedules of duties prevailing before December 27, unless otherwise
directed by the director of medical services.

The President says in the Gasette:

"It is also hereby notified for public information that under regulation 37(5)
of the same regulations, any person who, without lawful excuse, the proof of
which lies on him fails or neglects to comply with any order or direction or
prevents, obstructs or interferes with any person in the performance of any
such order or direction shall be guilty of an offence under that regulation."

The presidential order includes anybody employed by the Government or Unza in
connection with any health, hospital or ambulance service.

Gripped

Of late, the nation has been gripped by a spate of go-slow actions and strikes
by junior doctors and other medical personnel at the University Teaching Hos-
pital, Ndola and Kitwe Central hospitals including some health centres in
rural areas demanding improved conditions of service.

125



ADMISSION OF BLACKS TO INDIAN SCHOOLS TO BE INVESTIGATED

Durban POST NATAL in English 30 Jan-2 Feb 85 p 3

[Text ]

cso:

3400/545

THE National Peoples’
Party, the majority party
in the House of Dele-
gates, is investigating the
question of admission of
black pupils to Indian
schools.

This was disclosed in
the House this week by
Mr Kassie Ramduth,
Minister of Education
and Culture for Own Af-
fairs.

Speaking in the debate
against a motion of no
confidence in the Council
of Ministers proposed by
Solidarity, he said the
matter was under inves-
tigation but gave no de-
tails.

He was asked by the -

Opposition what his atti-
tude would be if blacks
sought admission to In-
dian schools controlled
by his department.

He said he was con-
cerned that the standard
of education was below
that of whites and one of
the steps to improve the
position was the intro-

duction from this year of
a M-plus four course
(matriculation plus four
years of teacher-train-
ing).

It was his depart-
ment’s intention to phase
out the existing M-plus
three course and a plan
was being worked out to
help lower-qualified
teachers to further their
training.

Mr Ramduth also an-
nounced that, at the re-
quest of the Indian com-
munity, he had appointed
a committee to investi-
gate the position of In-
dian staff at the Univer-
sity of Durban-Westville_
and he would appoint a
commission of inquiry if
his fact-finding commit-
tee recommended one.

He said that he had
also requested time to be
allotted on television to
promote Indian culture
and he was awaiting a
reply from the relevant
Minister.

109

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



TAIWAN FIRMS SET PACE FOR CLOTHING EXPORTS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Feb 85 p 28

{Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

cso;

A HANDFUL of
Taiwanese clothing
manufacturers operat-
ing from the Ciskei and

Transkei are boosting ,

South African exports.

These companies have in-
ternational associations
which give them an entry to
foreign markets,

Mike Getz, president of the _

National Clothing Federation
(NCF), says clothing indus-
tries based in South Africa
face a grim future. The dom-
estic market is falling, and
the only way to maintain pro-
duction and staff is to boost
exports.

‘or several reasons, how-
ever, “garment exports are
declining and the industry is
at risk”.

Clothing exports between
January and September 1984
eted by 93% to R49,7-
million from R25,7-million in
the comparable nine months
in 1983,

Frank Whitaker, executive
director of the NCF, says the
main contribution to the in-
crease came from six com-

nies operating from the

iskei’s Dimbaza and Mdant-
sani, near East London.

The ability of these com-
panies to compete on the
world market stems from
concessions they receive for
operating in a border indus-
trial area, Among the conces-
sions is R100 a month from
the SA Government for each

3400/636

employee. The Ciskei firms
an average wage of

“Ebout R60 a month, Dut

African wages are R220. to
R240.

The border-area com-
panies are also allowed to
work three shifts a day.

Uphill

Mr Getz says: “I would set-
tle for half the decentralisa-
tion benefits they receive.”

Without these benefits,
South African garment pro:
ducers face an uphill battle.
Mr Getz lists the problems:
@ Considerably higher infla-
tion than SA’s trading part-
ners.
@ Interest rates consistently
higher than those of competi-

tors.
@A high tax rate. .
@ The high cost of domestic
and imported raw materials.
He says: “Export incen-

111

‘pani

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

tives do not compensate for
our problems. Exporters re-
quire a signal from the Gov-
ernment to spur the export
effort and allow us to be com-
petitive.”

He concedes that the Cis-
keian exports are probably not
taking away business from
SA manufacturers,

Rising costs

But SA firms need exports
if full advantage is to be tak-
en of the economies of scale.
iThe SA industry is worth
“pout Bi 500-mi tion at fac-

ry |. equivalent to sales
of about PY 000-million, Ex-
ports make up a small part of

mutput,

‘he South Africa Foreij

Trade Organisation is help.
ing the export effort and is
offering its services to com:

ies,
Stewart Shub, chairman of
Rex Trueform, says costs are
rising and because of com-

tition, margins are becom-
fe thin. Although Christmas
and January sales were good,
the outlook for the rest of the
year remains bleak.

Mr Getz says the industry
looks well set until about
Easter, “but it is difficult to
predict further as the con-
‘sumer is now buying closer to
his needs”.



Laid-Off Car Men Now Total 11,000
(Trevor Jones; THE STAR, 31 Jan 85) .ecccccccccccccceveee 102

Sullivan Hails Ford-Anglo Deal as Breakthrough
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Feb 85) ceccccccccccccccccccccccccees 104

Efforts To Create New Jobs Examined
(Jaap Boekkoi; THE STAR, 27 Jan 85) ..scccecccscvccsceees 105

Highveld Steel. Turnover Surges
(Brendan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Feb 85) wececcceeeeeee 108

Admission of Blacks to Indian Schools To Be Investigated
(POST NATAL, 30 Jan~2 Feb 85) .cceccscvcecccccccccscvcece 109

Cape Fishing Firms To Delist

(Paul Dold; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Feb 85) .. see ceeeeees 110

Taiwan Firms Set Pace for Clothing Exports
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Feb 85) cccccccecccceece 111

Agricultural Export Earnings Reported
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 3 Feb 85) sccccceccccceceeace 112

SATS Tightens Grip on Private Road Hauliers
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Feb 85) .scccccccc cee eeee 113

Briefs
Rustenberg Platinum Mine 114
Neighboring Economies 114
Market Surveys 115
Sugar Output 115
Vinyl Alloy Exported 115
Mealie Crop Secrecy . 116
Soekor Offshore Drilling 116
Top-Level Talks With Botswana 117
SWAZILAND

Politics Professor Told To Resign
(DAILY NEWS, 24 Jan 85) iicscccccccccccccecsccccccce cece 118

ZAIRE
Briefs
Kenya Holding Lumumba's Son 119
Zairians Flee to Tanzania 119
Passport Change Noted 120
ZAMBIA

Parliament Discusses Press Management, Censorship
(Lusaka Domestic Service, 22 Feb 85) scesecescccccccs sees 121

-~f-


TRADE DEBT INCREASE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 3 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by David Cumming]

{Text ]

CSO:

3400/636

SOUTH AFRICAN trade debt
is mushrooming.

As the recession deepened
in the third quarter of last
year, Johannesburg manufac-
turers and wholesalers were
forced to wait 73 days for
Payment, compared to 70
days the previous quarter and
67 days last year.

A survey of 18 countries by
credit consultants Dun and
Bradstreet showed that only
France, the UK and Peru har-
boured worse payers.

Dun and Bradstreet’s na-
tional manager of the com-
mercial collections division,
Malcolm Boyd, says the sur-
vey showed manufacturers
were best off in Hong Kong,
where they waited only 29
days for their money.

Wholesalers who fared best
were those in Argentina,
where the period was 36 days.
.. Wholesalers based in Dur-
ban had similar problems to
those experienced on the
Reef. There they had to wait
65 days for their money, com-
pared to 62 days in the previ-
ous quarter.

Manufacturers were better
off. Their wait was 51 days,
compared with 54 in the sec-
ond quarter.

However, they were still
worse off than they had been
the previous year when the
third-quarter figure was 47
days.

88

Six of the other countries
surveyed experienced worse
paying habits in the quarter
concerned. The biggest in-
crease was in Germany,
where manufacturers had to
wait 10 days longer than in
the previous quarter.

Most-improved payers
were the Irish, where manu-

facturers waited 56 days for :
» their money compare

with
67 days in the previous quar-
ter.

joo DAYS SALES

90 OUTSTANDING
80 WHOLESALERS

JPRS-SSA-85 -020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



POULTRY INDUSTRY EXPANDS

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 11 Jan 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/627

THE Lesotho government is negotia

with

the Italian government to obtain funds for the
construction of a big hatchery for browlers and

layers, the poultry abattoir and
factlitles for slaughter chicken y

This was disclosed by
the Minister of Agricul.
ture and Marketing Mr.
Peete Peete when he ad-
dressed poultry farmers in
Maseru last Saturday dur-
ing their annual confer-
ence. :

He said in the abattoir
chicken belonging to
members of the coopera-
tive would be slaughtered
and prepared for the mar.
ket while owners got their
money on the spot. He
said in this way poultry
farmers would have easy.
market for their products,

Mr. Peete said the main
objective of the: exercise
is to improve nutrition
in the country, He. stres-
sed that poverty lowers
the dignity of a nation and
consequently appealed to
poultry farmers to main.

storage
eggs.
tain-a good standard of
production.

ACHYEVEMENTS

Referring to achieve-
ments in the poultry far-
ming; the Minister | ob-
served that, Egg Circles
have been built in all the
ten districts of Lesotho
and that there are now
over 4,000 poultry farmers
throughout the country.

‘He ‘said that it is. the
policy of the government
to ensure that poultry far-
ming is entirely owned by
..Basotho,

Mr, Peete appealed to
Co.Op. Lesotho to bring
poultry feed nearer to the
farmers and to fix reason-
able prices. He said this
would discourage farmers
from importing feed from
the neighbouring country.

The 2-day conference
was attended by

tatives from all the di-
stricts of the country,

33

JPRS~SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

LESOTHO



JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

its northern province of Luapula since November from Zaire's neighbouring
Shaba Province. [ext] [Nairobi DALLY NATION in English 4 Jan 85 p 10]

PASSPORT CHANGE NOTED--[Seal]--Embassy of Zaire, Lusaka~-Communique to the
Zairean Nationals Living in Zambia: "The Executive Council of the Republic of
Zaire has changed the model of the Zairean passports. All Zaireans living in
Zambia are requested to come to the embassy of Zaire in Lusaka to surrender
their old passports and to fill in the forms to constitute a file for a new
passport. Embassy: of Zaire in Lusaka [Advertisement] [Text] [Lusaka TIMES
OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Jan 85 p 2]

cso: 3400/490

120


JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

KRUGERSDORP COMMANDO DESCRI

ED
Pretoria PARATUS in English Vol 36 No 2, Feb 85 pp 14-15

[Yext] Krugersdorp Commando which received the Freedom of Drugersdorp on
10 November 1984, was formed in the spring of 1898 during the Magato War as
part of a punitive expedition against Chief Mpefu in the Northern Transvaal.
Until then it had been a field conietship of the Pretoria Commando, but now
it fought proudly as a unit under Frederik Potgleter, whose father was a
nephew of the famous Andries Potgieter. His mother, Jannetjie Kruger, was a
cousin of President Paul Kruger.

Frederik was born on the farm lartebeesfontein in the Kurgersdorp district in
1857, He began his military career at the age of 16 in skirmishes against
marauding tribes, fought in the First War of Independence in 1861 and becawe
commandant of the district in 1895.

Comdt Potgieter played a big role in capturing Dr Leander Starr Jameson in
the iJ1-fated attempt to conquer the ‘'ransvaal. He fought with great dis-
tinction in the Boer War, staying with his men although badly wounded in the
chest at the Tugela.

In 1901 he became a magistrate but was taken as a prisoner of war to St.
Nelena. He was again imprisoned in 1914 for bitterly opposing the invasion
of South West Africa, and he died on his farm Noaitgedacht in 1924.

In the Anglo-Boer War the Krugersdorp men were famous for their dogged re-
sistance. The "Limes Wistory of the War in SA" describes them as the
backbone of General De la Rey's troops in his campaigns in the Western
Transvaal,

In Natal the commando was always in the thick of it. They were a brave rear-
guard at Dundee, and a bulwark at Klandslaagte against the Gordon Highlanders
when a small contingent died trying to save General Jan Kock and two field
pieces,

1n the crucial battle of Modderspruit, which determined the encirclement of

Ladysmith, the Krugersdorpers, under Potgieter, stormed a kopple and, with
murderous mauser fire, stopped an out-flanking movement under General French's

95



DWINDLING HOPES SEEN ON EVE OF N'KOMATI'S FIRST ANNIVERSARY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Jan 85 p 11

[Article by Joao Santa Rita]

[Text]

With only six weeks to go be-
fore the first birthday of the
‘Nkomati Accord between Mo-
‘zambique and South Africa it is
becoming increasingly clear

that there is little to celebrate.

Hope is fading for the suc-!

cess of peace talks which con-
tinued in Pretoria this week.
The Mozambican rebels’ de-
mands seem impossible to
meet by both Pretoria and Ma-

uto. ‘

And with the economic and
military situation worsening by
the day, fears have been ex-
pressed that Mozambique is
being plunged into chaos.

Law and order in many parts
of the country have now total-
ly collapsed with army desert-
ers, bandits and rebels ambush-
ing civilians with little trace of
a grand political aim.

Residents of Maputo are
afraid to leave city limits.

Even a ferry trip across the
bay is becoming hazardous.

As the war increases, the
urban population is facing in-
creasing hardships.

“There is no panic in Mapu-
to,” says a Johannesburg-based
pilot who travels often to Mo-
zambique, “but people know
they cannot travel outside the
city.

“You travel 10km out and
you can be shot.

“You have to fly every-
where.”

* The black market for foreign
currency has soared to unprec-
edented levels.

36

Shops where food and drink
may be freely obtained accept
only foreign currency.

For those without access to
the dollar shops, ration cards
are the order of the day.

“During Christmas a family |
of four was allocated one
beer,” the pilot said.

“There is no point in trying ,
to go for a drink and a meal at |
the main hotels where foreign- |
ers stay.

“They accept only dollars, so
the locals are effectively
barred from them.”

Even if peace talks with the ;
MNR succeeded tomorrow it!
would take months to restore |
the country’s internal equilibri- :
um.

Mozambican sources have |
for the first time admitted '
what others have been claim-
ing for months: that attacks on
roads around the country could
be the work of Government sol-
diers left for months in remote
army posts without food or
pay.

“We are aware of the prob-
lem,” say Mozambican sources.

“A Government official was
recently shot at by soldiers at a |
road block north of the capital.

“He escaped and the soldiers
were later arrested and shot.”

Evidence is mounting of the
breakdown of law and order
and the crippling economic sit-
uation.

JPRS-SSA-85-020
13 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE