It is true, as:in all countries, that certain merchants may engage. in specula-
tive practices and-dishonest trading,’ resulting in illegal price increases.
They must be fought.

For this purpose, a consumers association within which workers could denounce
practices contrary to the national interest to the proper departments is more
than ever necessary.

To "tell it like it is" is not complacency, but presumes a sense of truth and
realism, making it possible to better understand and solve a problem.

11,464
csO: 4719/900

15



MOZAMBIQUE

EXCELLENCE OF MOZAMBICAN SCHOOLS IN CUBA PRAISED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Apr 82 p 3

[Text] Mozambican schools in Cuba set records on the Isle of Youth, win-
ning the first and third places on the lists of the four foreign establish-
ments qualified at the end of the socialist competition process during the
just-completed school year. This was disclosed by the OJM [Mozambique Youth
Organization] secretary general, Zacarias Kupela, during a meeting with the
national media after his return from that country. Mentioning the 25
Setembro and Eduardo Mondlane secondary schools as the ones which won the
first and third places, respectively, he added that the two educational
establishments now have the privilege of competing on the national level
this year.

He explained: "I mean that our 25 Setembro and Eduardo Mondlane schools
this year will participate in a socialist competition process not on the
level of the Isle of Youth, where the foreign schools in Cuba are located,
but on an equal footing with the Cuban secondary schools."

According to Zacarias Kupela, the Mozambican schools in the Republic of

Cuba (four in all) are considered the best of the foreign educational
establishments on the Isle of Youth. "This is seen in the pedagogical field,
as well as in discipline, organization and participation in production,
among other things," he said.

Mozambique, having scored two positions, shares the list with only four
others, with a school of Namibia and another of Ethiopia. In addition
to the 25 Setembro and Eduardo Mondlane, there are two other Mozambican
secondary schools in Cuba, the Samora Machel and the 28 Janeiro.

Contacts with the Youths

The OJM secretary general visited the Isle of Youth where he talked with
students of all the Mozambican secondary schools.

"The contacts were very useful. We discussed the application of the
youths to their studies, what they think about their future and how they
solve their problems. We saw how they organize themselves, and we were
impressed with the discipline and the manner in which they plan their free
time," said Zacarias Kupela.

36



MOZAMBIQUE

GDR OFFICIAL REVIEWS SPECTRUM OF COOPERATION
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 25 Apr 82 pp 9, 10
[Article by Xavier Tsenane]

[Text] The type of cooperation between the GDR and the RPM [People's Republic
of Mozambique] is based on the principles of the New International Economic
Order, said Horst Sindermann, president of the People's Chamber of the GDR,
on 16 April, the fourth and last day of his official visit to Mozambique.

New possibilities of parliamentary cooperation between the GDR and the RPM
appeared with the visit of Horst Sindermann, president of the People's Chamber,
member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany [SED] Politburo and vice
president of State Council, which took place 13-16 April.

Horst Sindermann's visit to the RPM leading a People's Chamber delegation was
made at the invitation of Marcelino dos Santos, member of the Politburo of the
FRELIMO Party and secretary of the permanent committee of the People's Assembly,
who visited the GDR in October 1980.

In the first stage, an exchange of experiences took place among local government
organizations of the GDR and the People's Assembly, provincial and district
assemblies and localities of the RPM. Horst Sindermann has issued an invitation
to a delegation of the provincial assemblies to visit the GDR.

“People's assemblies at the local level are now in the process of organization,
the beginning of their configuration fully responds to new aspirations, and
various deputies are organized into a working group to solve various problems,"
said Horst Sindermann.

However, although the deputies were "full of the will to work," the difficulties
due to the fact that they "were inexperienced" are evident, he said. "For this
reason there must be an exchange of experiences" between the two parties, be-
cause the GDR has many decades of experience.

"There are various ways of cooperation between the two countries. There is a
joint commission which alternately meets in the GDR and the RPM. Included in
this commission's work is training for specialists in agriculture," said
Horst Sindermann. It is to be noted that on the 19th a new meeting of that
commission started to work in the city of Maputo.

32



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

POWER COMPLEX'S FINANCIAL BACKING--Dar-es-Salaam, May 3--Five European coun-
tries and two international organizations have agreed to participate ina hydro-
electric power complex at Mtera in Tanzania's Morogoro region, it was reported
here today. The project is expected to cost 3,000 million Tanzanian shillings
(300 million U.S. dollars). An official of the country's Finance Ministry,
who attended a four-day donors' meeting in Stockholm, said on his return here
over the weekend that the project would start next year and is planned to be
completed in 1987. The Mtera hydroelectric power plant will be one of the
largest in the country and will help ease huge financial burden caused by
soaring fuel bills for imported energy. The five European countries are Swe-
den, Norway, West Germany, France and Italy, while the international organi-
zations are the World Bank and Kuwait Development Fund. Negotiations with the
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Abu Dhabi Fund are also
reportedly taking place to get them to agree to participate in the Tanzanian
venture. The Mtera project has been designed to provide electricity to six
Tanzanian regions of Dodoma, Shinyanga, Mwansa, Tabora, Mdeya and Iringa.
(A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English 4 May 82 p 16]

SMUCCLING OF TV SETS--Dar-es-Salaam, May 4--Tanzania's eight-year-old ban on
the import of television sets has been thwarted by influential people who have
been bringing them in illegally, according to a senior customs official. Act-
ing Customs and Excise Commissioner A. Josiah told the official news agency
SHIHATA: "It is not easy to book culprits by searching their homes because
some of them are big people." The ban, imposed in Mainland Tanzania in 1974
after Zanzibar installed its own colour television station, was aimed at re-
ducing mounting pressure on the mainland Tanzanian government to puild its

own television network, which it says the economy cannot afford. People here
and in other coastal towns own sets on which they pick up the Zanzibar TV pro-
grammes. Most of the sets are thought to have been smuggled in from Zanzibar
and Uganda. Last week, several members of Parliament urged the government to
reconsider its refusal to introduce television, calling it an important channel
of mass communication and education. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFP in English
4 May 82 p 16]

cso: 4700/1243

Tah



"Tadjourah was also the site, in 1977 shortly before our country's accession to
independence, of the second meeting, with "unity" as its theme, which followed
that organized with the same objective in Dikhil.

"Because history is a perpetual succession of new beginnings, we owed this vi-
sit to our brothers on the other shore of the gulf, and we shall seize the oc-
casion to rejoice, with those who cannot be with us today, at the results recor-
ded in all national activities.

"Gertain matters of preoccupation to the government, after having been seen
with the eyes of reality, have strengthened the spirit of tolerance, particu-
larly in relation to particular situations which will have the final merit of
being felt, as lessons of great interest, for our future reflections.

‘With new institutional arrangements, proposed by the government and adopted by
the National Assembly, the means have been created for the application, with
greater serenity, of a creative policy.

Whether it be the law on national mobilization or the other texts, particular-
ly those dealing with identity and nationality, the government has applied it-
self, in proposing them, to respond on the one hand to the renewed desire of
the population to know itself better, and secondly to lay new bases for the
progressive policy it intends to develop, whatever the circumstances, through
the dynamism with whieh’it will not fail to be inspired by the RPR, which will
no doubt be called to translate its statute in the direction of simplification.

'TMy address today is not the work of chance. Quite on the contrary, it was re-
quired at this time, which marks the beginning of the period when our inten-
tions will be defined, from the perspective of the final pbuilding of our per-
sonality.

"The RPR, as the representative of the whole nation, has been given the mission
of outlining the major directions, and then of imparting to its members, who
include all men and women of Djibouti, the significance of the government's
policy.

‘As regards the immediate future, I have the honor as president of the Move-
ment, to inform you of the major directives which will govern the organization
of the sessions during which will be debated, then given concrete form by pub-
lic acceptance, the measures already incorporated, as I have said, in consti-
tutional law no. 2. .

"The new congress will convene on 6 March, that is, the day after tomorrow, at
Tadjourah. That will be the occasion, first, for those who have suggestions
or desires to express, to be heard--the sole condition being that their com-
ments be constructive contributions, polemics being excluded from an assembly
within which dissensions have been banished once and for all; and secondly, to
proceed to the renewal of the RPP central committee, whose 3-year term of of-
fice has just ended.

Mwith the forthcoming designation of the executive organs will be completed
the setting up of the responsible elements of our movement, whose first impor-



[Kabore] We mainly wish to make the CNPV a roof under which all employers
organizations will be grouped. In the face of the countless problems in the
world of business, employers must take a stand and take their own fate in
hand.

[Question] Do employers join the CNPV out of principle or are they convinced
of the worth of your organization?

[Ilboudo] Both. But most are convinced that the CNPV can validly defend
their interests.

{[Kabore] Employers are more and more convinced that the defense of their
interests depends on groupings. This is all the more important because the
private sector plays a cardinal role in the economic development of Upper
Volta.

[Question] The CNPV was recognized last year by the International Employers
Organization. What place does employment occupy in the national private
sector?

[Ilboudo] I have no exact figures in my head, but according to statistics,
out of the 50,000 Voltan employers and workers, the private sector includes
nearly 30,000.

[Question] 30,000! That definitely seems tobe a large figure. But there
is agreement that workers in the private sector not only do not have job
security, but are also poorly paid.

[Ilboudo] That is not totally accurate, what you are saying. The Voltan
employer strictly conforms‘ to existing labor legislation. The SMIG (inter-
occupational guaranteed minimum wage) was 90 CFA francs an hour before 1982.
This year, it is 114 CFA francs.’ I am convinced that private enterprises
respect the SMIG. Our employees' pay stubs show this.

[Kabore] Unlike in the public administration; a private enterprise cannot
promise its employees an absolute guarantee. The enterprise itself does not
have the security of its activity. Overnight, the company may go bankrupt.
Employees in the private sector must therefore understand that their security
necessarily depends on that of their enterprise. They must therefore be soli-
darity with it.

[Question] Are your relations good with the trade unions?

[Ilboudo] Insofar as the worker knows that his interests are affected by

the smooth operation of the enterprise, he also knows that he must avoid use-
less: friction with his employer. Nevertheless, we have always favored dialogue
with trade union organizations.

[Question] Do you mean that you have no problems with the trade unions?

[Ilboudo] We have sometimes seriously regretted certain strikes launched by
the trade unionists. A strike does enormous harm to a company's output.

51



families and helps them get settled the first’ two years. He provides them
with credit possibilities and completes road infrastructures within the blocs.
A bloc is made up of several villages. At the present time, there are 2,450
families, or 18,365 persons in 58 villages forming ten blocs: Linoghin,
Mogtedo, Rapadama, Bombore, Bane, Kaibo South, Kaibo North along the White
Volta, Tiebele on the Red Volta and Djikologo on the Black Volta.

Economically speaking, the villages must free themselves from the sponsorship
of the AVV by achieving their autonomy through self-managed markets.

In order to make these colonies truly viable, schools, pharmacies and clinics
are being built and the community itself is setting up its market, opening
shops, mills, and soon.

Nikiema told us that onchocerciasis is totally eradicated. In the 10 years
since the first village was set up, there has not been a single case that was
not brought in from somewhere else.

Imbalance of Labor Market

Year Applications Offers/Placements Not Filled
1977 11,515 3,785 7,730
1978 7,113 3,457 3,656
1979 9,341 2,480 6,861
1980 9,207 . 2,007 7,200
1981 15,102 3,464 11,638

Source: ONPE

11,464
cso: 4719/899

9



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

KAUNDA ON BOTHA MEETING--Lusaka, May 2--Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda told
a May Day rally here yesterday that his meeting with South African Prime Min-
ister Pieter Botha last Friday on the border between South Africa and
Botswana was not aimed at glorifying his country. He said that contrary to
what some people had said the one-day summit was aimed at bringing peace to
southern Africa. He had undertaken the mission because he recognised the
importance of lives in the region and not to make a name for Zambia. Presi-
dent Kaunda's special assistant for press, Milimo Punabantu, said in Lusaka
that it was "worthwhile for President Kaunda and Mr Botha to come together."
Mr Punabantu also said further possible meetings between leaders of South
Africa and Zambia could not be ruled out, but that they would depend on what
happens in the next few weeks. He dismissed speculation that President Kaunda
and Mr Botha discussed bilateral economic issues. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris
AFRICA AFP in English 4 May 82 p 22]

cso: 4700/1243 END

55



Leaving the Corridor

Nor does this take into consideration the trafficking in fake documents and
the inevitable "commissions" demanded by corrupt civil servants.

From 16 to 31 December 1981, 10,703 passes were issued for the Ouagadougou
mayoralty ‘alone. Lacking this official document, some potential emigrants
developed ways to get out. of ‘thé country. They take the train as far as
Bobo Banfora or Niangologo (border) and then make arrangements to get to the
Ivory Coast. For the border areas, the trails are enough and there is no
need to exert so much effort. These gymnastics make one think of the strange
method of illegal emigration in France: Because of his illegal entry into
the job market, the emigrant is caught ina web headed by criminals with
inhuman appetites.

Pleading for Emigrants

Emigration is a double loss with incalculable political consequences. All
countries with a high rate of emigration are in the long run faced with the
moral problem of their protection. One will recall the strong-arm reaction
of the Ghanaian Government after the suffocation of Ghanaians in Ivorian
prisons. This was at the time of the equally heavy-handed Operation Punch.
Nor was it the first. This police operation is only memorable because of its
official nature and the innocent victims it caused. The emigrant faces all
forms of xenophobia every day and when things are heated, he is kicked out.
The deportations of Voltans are eloquent on this point.

From Paris to Abidjan, the emigrant. is accused of taking jobs that should go
to nationals. It is an excuse. Massive emigration is generally a drain, not
of brains, but of strong arms, arms willing to do anything and often work
scorned by nationals. He is also accused of being the carrier of social
evils such as delinquence, drugs, and so on. No country is immune to these
afflictions, which go hand in ‘hand with development. One thing is certain:
The rate of honest workers is 100 times higher than that of the rejects of
our modern societies. ,

In view of these constant attacks on the right of all workers to live in peace
and security, international conventions have tried to provide guarantees. It
was also for this purpose that the chiefs of state of the CEAO, meeting in
Bamako in October 1978, agreed that within the Community, the "free circula-
tion and establishment of persons" was necessary. This agreement also states
that "this freedom implies the abolition of all discrimination based on na~
tionality between workers: from member nations with respect to jobs, pay and
other working conditions."

Our country is far from being a "milk cow." It would be fair for the countries

benefiting from our strength to recognize that the "milking arms" which we -
are have a right to their portion of milk.

7



GAMBIA

BRIEFS

ON FALKLAND ISLANDS CONFLICT--The Gambia Government has issued a statement on
the Falkland Islands conflict. It says "The Government of The Gambia, gravely
concerned by the occupation of the Falkland Islands by Argentina, supports
Security Council Resolution No 502 of April 3, 1982 and calls upon Argentine
Government to withdraw its forces and resume negotiations with the Government
of the United Kingdom with a view to reaching a diplomatic solution in accor-
dance with the Charter of the United Nations." [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in
English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1281]

PRC CONSTRUCTED HEALTH CENTERS--An estimated D 1m. modern health centre con-
structed at Karantaba, Kiang West, by the Chinese, was recently handed over to
the Minister of Health, Labour, and Social Welfare, Mr M.C. Jallow. Another
health centre is presently under construction by the Chinese at Kudang in the
MacCarthy Island Division. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379,

10 May 82 p 1281]

ELECTION RESULTS--President Sir Dawda Jawara has been reelected to a five-year
term of office and his People's Progressive Party (PPP) has won 27 of the 35
contested Parliamentary seats. Announcing the official results of the Presiden-
tial poll, the Chief Justice, Sir Philip Bridges, said Sir Dawda had won
137,020 votes and Mr Sheriff Dibba, his jailed opponent accused of involvement
in last year's coup attempt, won 52,136 votes. Mr Dibba also lost his Badibu
Central Parliamentary seat, which he had held since before independence. Of
the 35 contested seats in the newly enlarged 48-member House of Representa-
tives (the remaining 13 seats are nominated by the President and traditional
chiefs), the PPP won 27, the National Convention Party (NCP) three and inde-
pendent candidates five. The Gambia's oldest political party, the United Party
(UP), failed to win any of the three seats it contested in Banjul. The line-
up after the 1977 Parliamentary elections for the 35 elected seats was; PPP

29 seats, NCP five seats, UP one seat and independents none. Of the 285,036
voters registered, 189,156 turned out to cast their vote in the two-day elec-
tions using black or yellow marbles to indicate their choice. The Gambia has
a population of about 500,000. .President Jawara was optimistic about his
chances before the elections; "I think it will be a sweeping, landslide victory
both in the Presidential and Parliamentary elections," he said. Asked whether
he saw the elections as a test of acceptance of rejection of the Confederation
of Senegambia, the President said: "Yes, the results will be a test, however
they go." Officials declined to comment on how Mr Dibba would vote. He had
been running his campaign from a prison cell. Another jailed leading NCP mem-
ber, Mr Gibou Jagne, also lost his Parliamentary seat in the elections. [Text]
[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1281]

19



According to him, each school has a production field. The Mozambican stu-
dents participate in the voluntary work in various Cuban enterprises, where
they link theory with practical work and contribute, to a certain degree, to
the development of the country where they are.

Kupela said that the students and teachers of each school have a party cell
and a local OJM secretariat. JZacarias Kupela said that he found political
maturity among the Mozambican youths in their understanding of the fact that
Mozambique still does not have the financial resources for them to come and
spend their vacations with their families as students from other countries
do.

Permanent Contact with the Fatherland

From the impressions of the OJM secretary general and the delegation he
headed we should also stress the effort of the Mozambican students in Cuba
to maintain permanent contact with the revolutionary process underway in
our country.

"During our talks, they asked us details about the political, economic and
social situation in our country. They asked us many questions about the
socialization of the countryside and large development projects. They
know the PPI," said Zacarias Kupela, and added that "they also wanted to
know why the fourth congress was postponed."

On this last point, the official revealed that the Mozambican youths com-
mitted themselves to actively participate in the preparations for the fourth
congress next year.

According to Zacarias Kupela, the Mozambican students asked details about
the situation of the droughts, the actions of the armed bandits, sports and
OJM activities in general, among other topics. He revealed: "An OJM
delegation will go to Cuba each year to work in these schools."

He continued: "We were also impressed with the spirit of initiative of
the students. They have invented musical instruments, such as drums and
percussion instruments. I must also say that 7 April was marked in our
schools with exhibits by the students concerning this date."

11634
cso: 4742/290

37



Excellence of Mozambican Schools in Cuba Praised
(NOTICIAS, 19 Apr 82) cecccccsssceccccccsccceceeeeeee

Briefs
GDR Officials' Visit
Pungoe Bridge Reconstruction
Dutch Assistance
Brazilian Labor Party Official
Defectors Arrested

TANZANIA

MP's Urge Government To Reconsider Objection to Television
(AFRICA AFP, 30 Apr 82) cesececccccccccccscccccccscaece

Briefs
Power Complex's Financial Backing
Smuggling of TV Sets

UPPER VOLTA
Causes, Consequences of Voltan Migration Examined
(Beatrice Damiba, Emmanuel Sama; CARREFOUR AFRICAN,

3 Apr 82) ceccccccccccccccccnccccssccccccccsscusssscees

Interview Spells Out Business Community's Malaise
(Bruno Ilboudo Interview; CARREFOUR AFRICAN, 10 Apr 82)

ZAMBIA

Briefs
Kaunda on Botha Meeting

36

38
38
38
38
39
ho

ya
ya

he

50

55



MOZAMBIQUE

PROFITEERING SEEN REAPPEARING; VIGILANCE NEEDED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Apr 82 p 8
[Article by Abel Faife]

[Text] At the beginning of this week, precisely on the day when a newspaper
exposed the reappearance--in a scandalously refined way--of profiteering behind
the Xipamanine market, the people's militia carried out a surprise operation
in which some merchants accused of being involved in these practices were
arrested,

What is to be noted in this event is that this operation was something like
a quick reply to the exposure and general condmenation of this problem, which
has already become a daily occurrence in our city.

As a matter of fact, since the end of last year when an action was unleashed
resulting in the arrest and trial of dozens of suspects, what seemed to have
started as a permanent fight against these parasites of society, and which
involved almost all the neighborhoods of the city, was forgotten.

From then on the fight against profiteering--which some singers and cultural
groups of this city used in dedicating to it songs and satirizing the persons
and deeds of the profiteers--has not continued.

The real sharks, who had hidden in their lairs, came out again when they found
out that in the end, it was a "flash in the pan," and they started to devise
even more refined means of continuing their evil activities.

Then the offensive started again by determined groups of small bourgeoisie:
“ah! at least with profiteering people are able to fix things!..."

The truth is that an anxious person, wishing to acquire a certain product, is
free to pay any price to obtain it. However, this is only done by those who can
pay the price asked. And.what of the great majority of the population?

People's vigilance is actively maintained in the neighborhoods; the militia and
other organizations continue to expose profiteers; and even here, in this
newspaper, we have received innumerable letters denouncing the most irregular
situations in connection with this problem.

30



DJIBOUTI

REPORT ON GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Djibouti LA NATION in French 11 Mar 82 p 6

Flext/ Minister of Industry and State Industrial Corporations
Fahmy Ahmed El Hag participated in the second conference of
Arab energy ministers at Doha, capital of Qatar, from 6 to 11
March 1982. That conference considered a number of questions
relating to conventional energy and alternative energy sources.
The Djiboutian delegation informed the conference concerning
the efforts undertaken by our young country in the field of
prospecting for new forms of energy. A detailed report on
geothermal research studies was presented to the participants
and commented on by the minister.

Before his departure, the minister of industry and state industrial corpora-
tions declared to us that geothermal energy is henceforth a certainty rather
than a hope. He indicated that studies conducted during the first phase were
fruitful. ,

They comprise two elements:

1. A geological and geophysical study which resulted in the boring of several
exploratory wells on the Hanle plain;

2. A preliminary technical and economic feasibility study which demonstrates
the profitability of electricity production based on geothermal steam, since
the cost of the energy transported to Djibouti does not exceed 12.5 Djiboutian
Fr per kWh.

In view of those promising results, a second phase will be initiated very short-
ly. It is to last from 25 to 27 months, and will comprise drilling of 6 ex-
ploratory wells, geological and geochemical analyses, and core sampling of
wells. Chemical analyses of fluids will also be carried out to permit deter-
mination of geothermal potential.

The minister consequently considers it indispensable to proceed rapidly in
setting up the financing necessary for completion of this second phase, that
is, approximately $21 million. Since this phase involves certain risks, this
financing mst be obtained in the form of a grant, or a loan under particular-
ly favorable conditions.

16



cso:

single enterprise to maximise the use of
management, labour and capital facilities
to achieve economic efficiency. Ranching
is a management system well suited to
operational and economic efficiency under
conditions allowing only extensive live-
stock grazing.

The study found that there is a strong
demand for meat in Ghana and historically
Ghana has been a net importer of live
animals and meat products, and the major-
ity of the Ghanaian meat markets require
fresh meat (not refrigerated); therefore a
daily kill system from small abattoirs is
appropriate rather than distribution from
large regional abattoirs and processing
plants. 7 _

Management training is of paramount
importance at the production level and
practical training courses must be sche-

4700/1557

22

duled both on-project in Ghana and in

overseas tropical livestock producing

areas, for Ghanaians who will eventually
take over the management.

The report recommended the following
as the features of the initial ranch develop-
ment:

Area 100,000 acres approximately (40,500
hectares)

Carrying capacity at full development:
2,000 breeding cattle plus followers, 10
breeding sheep/goats plus followers.

Peak debt €2.6m. in year five.

Internal rate of return 11 per cent.

Break-even cash flow achieved in year six.

Pay back period year 12.

Stable year not cash flow of €0.5 m. giving

+ annual profit of €0.42m. after year 10.

Return on foreign exchange 7. per cent.



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

TALKS WITH SPAIN--Madrid, May 7--President Teodoro Obiang will visit Spain for
three days from May 12 for talks with Prime Minister Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo and
King Juan Carlos, a reliable source said here. Equatorial Guinea is currently
in dispute over Madrid's aid programme for its former colony, which Spain
wants to make conditional on the establishment of advisers with executive
powers in the Guinean-Finance Ministry. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP

in English 7 May 82 p 22]

cso: 4700/1243

18



However, because of the delays and lack of action in solving many cases, we have
something like disillusion setting in. The influx of letters from readers also
tends to diminish because they do not find immediate practical response to var-
ious questions raised.

We wonder why.

We leave this question to be answered by those who are in charge of acting and
making people's vigilance more dynamic and active, because this vigilance, as
a matter of fact, exists and is necessary to solve the cases it detects and
exposes.

It is a fact that profiteering is so developed that it absolutely must be
eliminated totally, at least while the present supply difficulties persist.
However, through a permanent, energetic and coordinated action between the
grassroots and competent organizations, we can diminish it, make it as small
as possible and always keep it on the defensive.

11635
csO: 4742/292

31



District of Ali-Sabieh

1. Idriss Farah Abaneh’ 2. Adén Robleh Awaleh 3. Ahmed Boulaleh Barreh
4. Omar Dahar Fod 5. Djama Djilal Djama 6. Moussa Bouraleh Djama

District of Tadjourah

1. Ibrahim Mohamed Houmed 2. Mohamed Adabo Kako 3. Ibrahim Chehen
4. Youssouf Ali Youssouf 5. Hassan Omar Mohamed 6. ° Hassan Ali Daoud

District of Obock

1. Mohamed Dato Mohamed 2. Ahmed Ali Hassan 3. Ali Moussa Hamadou
4. Ali Silay Abakari

11,464
csO: 4719/900

13



BENIN

BRIEFS

FIRST OIL IN OCTOBER--Will the dream of the thousands of Beninese based on the
Seme oil deposit finally come true?’ That is the question being asked after

the visit made on Saturday by Barthelemy Ohouens, minister of industry, mines
and energy, to the Norwegian freighter "Tug Neptun." The freighter is carrying
the different equipment to be set up on the Seme oil field site.. Ohouens was
accompanied by Minister of Interior and Public Security Vincent Guezodje. In
addition to the "Tug Neptun," the two ministers also visited the first Beninese
supply boat, which arrived in our territorial waters only a short time ago, and
the "Goliat 10" barge, which will be used: for the work of setting up the plat-
forms. The essential aspect.of the visit was that it was for ship officers a
source of satisfaction, as expressed by Jean Marie De Graeve, head of the
North Sea Method Service. However, he also told Ohouens of difficulties due

to the great amount of red tape that seems to get in the way of the work itself.
The minister of industry, mines and energy reassured his guests by informing
them of the constant availability of Beninese authorities to solve rapidly

any difficulties encountered in the course of the work. In short, according

to the different technicians, the first oil should run in October, based on the
schedule set up. Technical facilities (platforms) should all be in place by
June. [By R. Toi] [Text] -[Cotonou EHUZU in French 21 Apr’82 pp 1, 6] 11,464

cso: 4719/900



NRM SEEN LACKING POLITICAL PROGRAM

MOZAMBIQUE

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English Vol 23 No 9, 28 Apr 82 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

4700/1556

MOZAMBIQUE: THE MRN PUZZLE. There is little doubt that
the Mozambique Resistance Movement (MRN) has been giving the
Frelimo Government in Maputo an increasingly severe headache
over. the past six months. The dissident group is also badly
hampering Zimbabwe's trade through Beira. Rail and road traffic
from the Indian Ocean port to Zimbabwe has been reduced to a
trickle. The Lonrho-owned pipeline between Beira and Mutare
(formerly Umtali) is still inoperative: the MRN seems able to blow
it up at will.

The geographical spread of the MRN is also increasing. The
provinces of Niassa, Nampula and Cabo Delgado are little affected.
The central provinces of Manica and Sofala are the worst hit, with
anti-government activity in Tete growing. But recently MRN have
caused sabotage as far south as Inhambane and Gaza.

Estimates of the size of the dissident movement vary from about
6,000 up to about 16,000. South African sources put the figure at
around 10,000 with the Mozambican authorities opting for the
higher figure. Ex-Rhodesians who set up the movement in 1976 say
there were only 500 MRN operatives in Mozambique when the
movement passed. from Rhodesian to South African sponsorship
at the time of Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980.

Perhaps the most important yet little-noticed aspect of the MRN
is that it has no political programme of its own except to
destabilise the government in Maputo. Morale among many
Mozambicans is low because of continuing very severe shortages
of nearly all basic foodstuffs and services in the main towns. Many
shops are closed and people seem listless and disgruntled. But the
MRN, though using sophisticated sabotage techniques, seems
unable to translate Mozambique’s economic depression into
political opposition. Part of the reason for this is that when the
Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO), the Salisbury-
based intelligence service, handed the MRN over to South Africa,
internal ructions within, BOSS and the recent demise of its head.
Gen.Hendrik van den Bergh, meant that it was the South African
military authorities and not the Pretoria intelligence services who
took over the movement. Hence the total lack of political skill and
a reliance, instead, on the purely military approach to the
destabilisation of Mozambique. Many of the MRN operatives
within Mozambique are actually white Portuguese and South
Africans.

‘When the MRN started, many of its leaders, such as Andre
Matsangaiza, who was later killed, were former Frelimo. leaders
who did have a political message to spread against President
Machel. Under the South African military authorities, however,
ex-PIDE agents and white Portuguese, with no viable alternative
political ideas, have come to the fore — such as Orlando Cristina,
former aide to Jorge Jardim, the white ex-Mozambique
millionaire.

The new MRN chief is said to be Afonso Dhlakama. Radio
propaganda, beamed from the Northern Transvaal, is said to be
extremely crude. Although Frelimo are having great difficulty in
salvaging Mozambique’s economy, the MRN is not viewed by
many Mozambique citizens as a serious alternative, although the
government in Maputo is greatly embarrassed by its activities @

28



cso:

issue and apparent support for King Has-
san could also be seen as a continuation of
the American axis and influence on both
Liberia and Morocco. The two states con-
tinue to be the biggest receivers of the
Reagan administration support and finance
in the region. Even so because it is the
American dollar which continues to make
Mr. Doe tick, political commentators
argue that present Liberian foreign policies
are more or less dictated from the White
House in Washington. This apparently is
another reason why Mr. Doe has come out
recently to attack President Moi, of Kenya,
for his handling of the Sahrawi issue and
criticising the admission of the SADR as
“most irregular”.

Support for
Siaka Stevens

For President Siaka Stevens’ about-turn
pronouncement on the SADR’s admission,
President Sékou Touré has recommended
Sierra Leone for admission to the Islamic
Conference of which Guinea is an influen-
tial member. As if to say, “don’t worry if
you no longer get Algerian cash”. The
Guinean leader was largely instrumental in
Stevens’ successful visits to Riyadh and
Rabat which resulted in the Sierra Leone
Parliament hastily putting through a bill for
Sierra Leone joining the Islamic Confer-
ence. Unconfirmed Moroccan sources
have also said that during Stevens’ recent
hop through Rabat and Fez in Morocco,
King Hassan assured him of support in the
Islamic Conference and financial goodwill
mainly from the Saudis who are known to
be controlling the bulk of the Conference’s
finances.

4700/1244

25

President Sékou Touré’s other diploma-
tic pay-off over the current Western Sahara
dispute, came as a result of another recent
summit with the Heads of State of Guinea
Bissau, The Gambia and Senegal in Con-
akry. Although the meeting was primarily
called to discuss security in the region, the
Western Sahara crisis came on top of the
agenda with the leaders lashing out at the
OAU’s recent admission of the SADR and
to declare support for King Hassan against
the OAU and the SADR. It is important to
note that countries like Guinea Bissau and
The Gambia, who have in the past main-
tained a low profile on such an issue, were
seen to be making open condemnation of
what many regard as an OAU policy.

There are apparently two main reasons
for the sudden switch of policy by both the
Gambian and Guinea Bissau authorities.
First of all with the new Senegambia
confederation, The Gambia had no choice
but to toe the Senegalese line; Senegal, of
course, is one of the loudest advocates of
King Hassan’s Western Sahara policies and
former President Senghor is still very
influential in mapping out Senegalese fore-
ign policy. Secondly, Touré knew he could
strike a deal over the Sahara issue by
bringing together Jawara and Vieira to
talk. This meant that if the two leaders
could stand behind Morocco, the Guinean
leader could bring them to talking about
issues that were worrying them most:
subversion and security. Not surprisingly,

-at the end of the Conakry summit Presi-

dent Vieira, of Guinea Bissau, agreed to
kick out from his country Gambian dissi-
dents who had fled into Bissau after last
year’s abortive coupe in The Gambia.

* Similarly, Jawara has promised to report

any acts of subversion from his country.



It has also had for the first time to have recourse to long-term loans whereas
previously it was always able to pay cash for its purchases.

Such penury ‘has encouraged some black marketing, especially here in the capital,
while another method to combat shortages that has emerged is a system of barter-

ing.

Plans are afoot to rectify what officials term "mistakes" in the system,
though there is formally no question of querying the socialist approach of
the Marxist-Leninist regime in power here and its adherence to a planned
economy.

The first steps taken since the end of last year to encourage people back to
the countryside--Luanda's urban population has tripled to some 1.2 million
since 1974--have turned out to be "encouraging" officials report.

Part of the scheme’ involves distributing some 500,000 hectares (1,235,000
acres) of the coffee plantations for private or cooperative cultivation,
leaving 120,000 hectares (296,400 acres) in the hands of state farms.

Fiscal facilities to encourage smalltime trading are envisaged, and better
planning of both imports and investments is under study.

Congestion Cut

Import restrictions and improved port management, where Portuguese and Yugo-
slav aid personnel are active, have cut congestion dramatically--hardly any
vessels have a long wait any more, compared with 40 to 60 crowding outside the
harbour in December. Those delays used to cost the government some five
million dollars a month on average in compensation to the shipowners.

Angola's main trading partners are Western, led by the United States in the
oil sector, and Brazil. They are also the chief sources it turns to for
finance.

Its principal political and military allies, are in the Eastern block, in
particular the Soviet Union, East Germany and Cuba. ‘But attempts are being
made to balance up economic relations with them as well, and Moscow is
already Angola's main partner in its deep-sea fisheries industry! (A.F.P.)

cso: 4700/1556



ANGOLA

NEED FOR RESTRUCTURING OF ECONOMY SEEN OFFICIALLY ADMITTED
Paris AFRICA AFP in English 11 May 82 pp 20-21
[Article by Marie Joannidis]

[Text] Luanda, May 10--Angola has another major battlefront in addition to its
military frontline facing South Africa in Namibia and rebel guerrillas in the
central provinces--that of the economy.

This potentially rich country is being bled by the war effort, which is drain-
ing away more than half its budget, according to Western experts, while its
resources have been amputated by stagnation on the world oil market.

In its war economy, the industrial sector is merely ticking over, due to lack
of raw materials and machinery spares caused in turn by financial difficulties
and disorganised transport.

Administrative gaps add to these problems, especially in the field of internal
trade. The overall effects explain in large part why food shortages are exper—
ienced throughout the country--while the fields in some excellent farming re-
gions lie fallow, untilled because of insecurity or the absence of qualified
agriculturalists, or quite simply because of lack of motivation among the pea-
sant farmers.

Officials admit that the food problem has become a priority requiring urgent
remedial measures.

At the beginning of the month President Jose Eduardo dos Santos sacked Inter-
nal Trade Minister Florencio Gamaliel Martins, and named a deputy Agriculture
minister to deal with the dilapidated coffee industry.

The coffee plantations in northern Angola and southeast of Luanda suffered
badly in the civil war before and after independence from Portugal in 1975.
But it was the subsequent departure of some 30,000 Portuguese senior staff
which dealt a bigger blow. Coffee output fell from 240,00 tons a year before
independence to between 15,000 and 20,000 tons by 1981.

The drop in world prices for oil--accounting for some 90 percent of Angola's
export receipts--saw income plummet more than 600 million dollars last year
from anticipated income of two billion dollars. . Angola benefited from the oil
boom of the late 1970's, but has now had to cut back drastically on imports,
limiting them to essentials.



DJIBOUTI

SATISFACTION EXPRESSED OVER COST OF LIVING
Djibouti LA NATION DJIBOUTI in French 6 May 82 p 12
[Article by Ahmed Djama Guedi: "Truth"]

[Text] I was indignant, positively indignant after reading the remarks made
by the author of the bulletin of the General Confederation of Workers of Dji-
pouti on the occasion of 1 May (Labor Day), especially with respect. to exces-
sive price increases for food in Djibouti.

Being a worker myself, it is not at all my intention to'begin a debate or
controversy or go against the workers’ causes, but quite simply, to shed light
on this problem, which may affect. the daily lives of all people of Djibouti.

Contrary to what was claimed in that bulletin, the Republic’ of Djibouti un-
deniably has one of the highest per capita incomes in the region, whence our
ability to face the cost of living better: .

Actually, every consumer is aware that today, our country is. subject to fluc-

tuating international prices because of the absence -- not to say near nonexis—
tence -- of national production, meaning that: we depend 100 percent on other
countries.

Despite that fact, our government constantly makes every effort to control
prices, supporting certain products in ordér to maintain the stability of
prices, of bread, among others.

In addition, there is a periodic inspection of stock in order to ensure a
reliable supply of food products, meaning that Djibouti can boast of being one
of the few countries in the region where shortages are unknown.

We also have regulations designed to eliminate all fraud and set profit margins
for wholesalers and retailers. One should emphasize here that these levels
have not been raised’ ina long time.

In reading the statistical bulletin published periodically, one can see that
prices of food products have remained stable or even dropped in the past year
and a half. This reflects true conditions. Detente is now becoming the rule
as the result of increased intervention on the part of the government, first of
all, and of the drop in world prices. .

14h



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NEW REFINERY PLANNED--Angola may build a second oil refinery in Luanda for
the benefit of fellow members of the Southern African Development Coordination
Conference (SADCC). The announcement was made by Manuel Pedro Pacavira,
secretary of the ruling MPLA Workers Party's productive sector who said that
such a project would ensure self sufficiency in refined products for SADCC
members. Mr Pacavira reiterated these remarks at a meeting of SADCC energy
ministers in Luanda. Angola is the only oil producing member of SADCC. It
is reported that the Soviet Union has agreed to help Angola build a second
oil refinery as part of a $2 billion package of economic aid running to 1990.
However, no official confirmation of Soviet help has so far been made. [Text]
[Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 30 Apr 82 p 8]

PORTUGUESE NATIONALS MURDERED, CAPTURED--Lisbon, May 6--UNITA, the anti- —
Government rebel force in Angola, has admitted it killed the Mother Superior
of a Portuguese Catholic Mission in an armed attack on April 27. Ina com-
munique here, it claimed responsibility for the death of Sister Celeste Gon-
calves Abreo in the attack on the Vila Nova de Seles Mission, near the coast
town of Novo Redondo, in Kwanza Sul Province. UNITA also announced that it
took prisoner a Portuguese train driver employed at Bengulea, Victor
Bandeira, in an operation against a train outside the town of Huambo. The
communique said UNITA considered the town of Vila Nova an important base for
Government and Cuban forces which, it said, used Catholic and Protestant
missions as barracks. The murder of Sister Celeste, who was 34 and had been
in Angola for several years, was reported by Vatican Radio on April 29.
UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) is led by Jonas
Savimbi and reportedly has Western and South African support. (A.F.P.)
[Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English 7 May 82 p 21)

csO: 4700/1556



PPP EXPULSIONS--Before the elections took place The People's Progressive Party,
PPP, expelled 12 of its members after the party's secretariat considered their
activities contrary to the principles and objectives of the party. A press
release from the Secretariat lists them as: Jokadu: Yusupha Ceesay; Sandu:
Kissima Sillah, Alhaji Touray; Niamina: Malick Saidy Sabally; Kiang East:
Kebba Ousman Fadera; Jarra East: Saiku L. Barrow; Lower Falladu West: Momodu
B.S. Jamanka; Foni East: Henry M. Jammeh; Lower Nuimi: Jain Colli Fye;

Basse: Suleyman B. Sumbundu; Bubacar M. Baldeh (Secretary General of the PPP
Youth Movement; Tumana: Mohammed Bemba Tambedu. In a press release, the PPP
Secretariat stated that it expelled the members because it "reviewed the
activities of certain members of the party who had applied to the party for
sponsorship at the forthcoming general election and who, having failed to be
selected, have now decided to contest. the elections as independent candidates."
[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1281]

cso: 4700/1244

20



215161

JPRS 80964
2 June 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2632

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

pePRODUCED By. : n
NATIONAL TECHNICAL : &
INFORMATION SERVICE .

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE oO /

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



and built the new huts, they do nothing but wait for the first rains in June
in order to get back to their main occupation: the land. In the meantime,
many wonder: "Where ‘can we find some money?"

The boldest among them see but one solution: leaving. "I am going to get
married. I need money." Or: "There are 20 in my family. My brother and I
are leaving to try to get money to pay the taxes and care for our sick mother."

The seasonal migrations respond to these urgent needs and quite often, it is
the head of the family who decides or authorizes these departures. "Taking to
the road," as they call it. The migrations stretch out over the between-season
period, but this form of movement increasingly dwindles as longer emigrations
become the habit... Departures and returns no longer depend on the farm calen-
dar, ‘Rather, the ‘difficulty of farm work, family conflicts and the illusion
of easy success explain the trend. The people say: "It is better elsewhere.
The soil is more fertile and there isa lot of money." "They don't want me to
marry Miss X, so I am leaving and when I have enough money, I will arrange it
to have her come." Relatives abroad may encourage their brothers to emigrate.
"I have a brother with a big plantation.in Ghana.. He wants me to come help
him. My wife and children will be better off there, away from the witch doc-
tors." :

As a result, the villages are emptied, families are broken up and crops are
less abundant. .

However, it is not only the young people who leave. Some regions send their
surplus to others or are simply depopulated. In 1975, some 20 percent of the
Upper Voltans migrated to the interior.’

Heads of family spontaneously leave and take up residence elsewhere. They
will be followed some time later by ‘their families. Driven away either by
trypanosomiasis or onchocerciasis or by the great droughts that are inevitably
followed by famine, they go to different lands, new virgin land they will
clear for farming. In certain cases, these migrations are organized. This

is the case of ‘the Volta Valley Development Authority (AVV). .The land freed
of onchocerciasis is gradually resettled. Technical staffing is provided by
the AVV. The program provides for the movement of 55,000 families to these
so-called "controlled" zones between now and 1990. We shall come back to this
subject. .

In general, it is the Mossi of the plateau who are moving toward the empty.
regions of the Gourounsi, Dorobe and Komono country bled by the raids of the
past century. It is also a movement toward the west, which has more moisture
and which is more favorable for agriculture (see Table 1).

Settlement on new land is not always without problems. It would appear that
the Moaga in particular is an invader. He takes over the land, brings in

new growing methods that break a certain ecological balance. He is not assi-
milated, but rather, imposes his language and finally, his culture tends to
dominate that of the nativés. He even has the gall, it is said,,to rename the
village, go after the chieftainry and sometimes even win it.

43



cso:

4700/1244

The tensions within the always fragile
GUNT are perceptibly sharpening, as re-
criminations at the military impotence of
the shadowy national army increase. Vice-
President Kamougue calls for talks with
Habré, but Kamougue himself is heavily
contested in his own southern fief. Acyl
Ahmat tours capitals calling for assistance,
but is clearly still playing his own power
game. The French, having backed
Goukhouni strongly last November in his

‘anti-Libyan moves are now in a quandary,

and Goukhouni knows it, adding to his
own sense of insecurity.

The GUNT’s failures and divisions may
yet cause it to disintegrate, but any new
permutation in Ndjamena may still come
up against the irreconcilable hostility be-
tween Habré and Gaddafi. The Libyan
leader, discreetly biding his time until he
becomes OAU Chairman in August, could
yet once again become a prime mover in
the Chad drama. *

In the meantime, the UN Security Coun-
cil’s attempts to mobilise a fund for the
OAU operation in Chad, is the first lifeline
the whole sorry operation has had. Nigeria
has much prestige invested in this affair,
and all Nigerians remember the humilia-
tion of the previous involvement of Nigerian
troops in peacekeeping in Chad. Not least
the Nigerian army itself.

The reported withdrawal from Chad of
one battalion, particularly from the
strategic centre of Ati, as has been re-
ported, is a clear warning. But there was
always only a commitment to two batta-
lions, and so honour vis-2-vis the OAU is
still being fulfilled. There may come a time
when there is no alternative but to wrap up
the whole operation as quickly as possible.
That time is not quite yet at hand.



UN ATTEMPT TO RAISE FUNDS FOR OAU OPERATIONS SEEN AS "LIFELINE'

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1240

[Text]

TWO ITEMS of news about Chad, one
from New York, one from Lagos (re-
ported on page 1284) come together as a
possible indication of the way the wind is
blowing in the seemingly never-ending
imbroglio in Chad.

As the signs that Nigerian despair at the
difficulty of their own situation as unjustly
receiving the brunt of all the criticism had
reached breaking point, and they had
started to move troops out, comes the news
that the UN initiative on Chad, so long
rumoured, has started to materialise, with
a serious attempt to raise the necessary
funds to permit the OAU operation to
continue.

Nigeria’s exasperation at thé present
situation is understandable. Their reluct-
ance to enter the operation last November
has now been proved more than justified.
Various undertakings of support from
‘Western allies have not materialised in the
manner hoped for, partly because of the
inevitable lack of considered preparation
of the OAU force and examination of its
possible needs. _

In retrospect, it was also clearly a fund-
amental error on the part of the OAU
itself (and for this the present Chairman,
arap Moi, and the OAU Secretary-
General Edem Kodjo must take part of the
blame) to have sent in the OAU force
without insisting on a ceasefire first. This
would have placed the onus on the Habré
forces, at that stage barely beginning their
new military adventure, to stop fighting.
As it was, when the ceasefire proposals
emerged from the February meeting in
Nairobi, it was already too late.

There is no doubt that Goukhouni Wed-
deye, since he has been on the defensive,
has become a harder and harder customer
to deal with. The point is often made in
Lagos that the Transitional Government of
National Unity was always intended to be
transitional, and had been set up by the

Lagos accords of August 1979 under OAU
auspices.

He nonetheless has to be considered as
de facto in control until proved otherwise,
and he cannot be blamed for reacting
violently to the Nairobi decisions which
virtually officially put Habré back into play
again. His blanket abuse of Nigeria witnes-
sed, for example in his recent interview in
Afrique-Asie, must be seen in this context.
It does not, however, make it any easier to
bear, when it is realised that but for
Nigeria the OAU force could never have
got off the ground, and that it is costing
Nigeria larger sums weekly, at a time when
the Nigerian budget can ill stand the strain.

Goukhouni, a strange combination of
naivety and subtlety, has always taken it
for granted that the QAU force was going
to come in to play the role that the Libyans
played, that is to bolster up the GUNT.
Hence he took the risk of asking the
Libyans to leave before there was any
viable replacement authority. And what a
risk that now proves to have been.

The mandate of the OAU was very
carefully prepared to ensure, however,
that its role was limited to peacekeeping,
and not enlarged to intervention. Apart
from anything else, the cost of an interven-
tion force is higher than a peacekeeping
force, and it also implies a political com-
mitment that a loosely-knit organisation
like the OAU would find it hard to
mobilise. Hence the: misunderstanding
which has now created an impasse that
threatens to internationalise the conflict
and bring cold war demons into Africa in a
manner arguably more dangerous than the
Western Sahara conflict has already done.

The OAU’s role could still be an hon-
ourable one of staving off this internationa-
lisation. The backers of Habré have been
reckless in reviving his chances at a time
when he might have been pushed off the
Chad chessboard for considerably longer.

CHAD


Frelimo Party, left for Brazil yesterday morning. The leader of the PDTB
was seen off by Julio Carilho, member of the Central Committee of the
Frelimo Party and minister of public works and housing of our country, and
by other prominent officials of the Frelimo Party and government of the
People's Republic of Mozambique. Leonel Brizola, who is also the vice
president of the Permanent Conference of Latin American Political Parties
(COPPPAL), is a prominent figure in the Brazilian opposition and an important
militant committed to the establishment of democracy in his country. During
this second visit to the People's Republic of Mozambique, the delegation
headed by Leonel Brizola held talks with the secretary of the Central Com-
mittee for Foreign Relations of the Frelimo Party and minister of foreign
affairs of our country, Joaquim Chissano, and with the President of the
People's Republic of Mozambique, Marshal Samora Machel. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Apr 82 p 7 1163

DEFECTORS ARRESTED--Nelspruit, South Africa, May 6--Two Mozambican soldiers
have been convicted of illegally emigrating to South Africa following their
arrest on Monday. Jeremias Samuel Mapossa, 22, and Patrick Manzaini, 25,
admitted illegally entering and living in the country for 14 months. Mr
Papossa pleaded with the court to shoot him rather than send him back to
Mozambique. "In Mozambique the ANC have cruel means of torturing Frelimo
who. have worked in South Africa," he said. He also said he met three other
ex-Frelimo soldiers near Nelspruit in February. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris
AFRICA AFP in English 7 May 82 p 29]

cso: 4700/1556

39



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

DOE PRAISES PRC AID--Hong Kong, May 4--Liberia has “observed with immense
satisfaction the generous support which China has given, and continues to
give, to the liberation struggle in general and the African experience in
particular," visiting Liberian head of state Samuel Doe said in Peking Monday.
He told a banquet hosted by Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang that "Liberia's stand
remains uncompromising in the demand for the total liberation of Africa from
the last pockets of racist minority rule, oppression and repression. The
criminal system of apartheid in South Africa must be dismantled and destroyed,"
he stressed, according to the NEW CHINA NEWS AGENCY. Mr Zhao said China
would firmly support third world countries in a fight "to oppose hegemonism
and safeguard world peace. In the struggle to win economic independence so
as to consolidate our political independence, it is necessary for us, the
third world countries, to strengthen unity and cooperation among us," he said.
The term hegemonism, in Chinese parlance, means the Soviet Union. Mr Doe
arrived in Peking Sunday for a six-day visit. The two countries established
diplomatic relations in 1977. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English
4 May 82 p 13]

cso: 4700/1243

27



In Dagari country, the Mossi practice itinerant commerce and it is their cus-
tomers who adopt their language, whence frequent rejection on the part of the
local population, particularly in the Black'Volta and the Upper Basins. Latent
ethnic antagonisms are awakened; others emerge. .

For the domestic. migrant, the migration turns out to be very fruitful in the
final analysis because he succeeds in feeding himself and in meeting the needs
of his family. Even better, he gets relatively rich by selling his crop
surpluses.

Upper Volta: "the land of men." Does this justify the drain of our people
to other countries? Even today, despite the difficulties posed by the obten=
tion of the pass, emigration’ continues.

It has not always been a voluntary phenomenon. Under the colonial yoke, mili-
tary recruitments and forced transfers of populations took place, which made
it possible, for example, to build railroads (Thies-Kaye, Abidjan-Bobo) and
many other major projects: the construction of roads and bridges. Later,
these recruitments were much more humanized.: Nevertheless, there were large
migrations to Ghana, where the worker earned a good wage (9 francs, compared
with 1.5 in the Ivory Coast).

In order to prevent this, the French settler went to boast of the advantages
which the Voltan would have by going to work in the Lower Valley. He set up.
the SIAMO (Interprofessional Union for the Transfer of Labor). Consequently,
the Ivory Coast became the target for the migrants. Starting in 1951,

SIAMO recruited nearly 300,00 [sic] Voltans for Ivorian plantations. Gabon
was recently added to these two poles.

Over a million of our fellow countrymen are living abroad. In the Ivory
Coast, they make up half; in Togo, one-fourth. -Emigration to Ghana is now
negligible because of the country's difficulties: drop in the price of cacao;
decline in its currency. In Gabon, they number an estimated 3,000. With
respect to Mali, the Voltan presence results from the border migrations, but
especially from transfers of people té.work the land of the Niger Office
(1932-1947) .

Voltans in Africa

The figures are eloquent. Ghana at one time, the Ivory Coast even recently,
and lately, Gabon, are considered paradise, "Eldorados,"-.where money flows.
One had but to stoop down a bit on a plantation to pick it up.. This myth is
still maintained by migrants when they go back home. They try to.buy a new
motorcycle, sunglasses, well-cut clothes and a black suitcase. In our rural
areas, these objects are synonyms for luxury. They buy drinks for everyone
and are quite attractive to the women and girls who dream of adventure. Veri-
table magnets, they speak of the sea, of the wonders of Abidjan which often
they have never seen. Village rumors speak only of the son of so-and+so who
has come back. And yet, the host countries have never been Gardens of Eden
for our young compatriots. The new candidates for emigration learn this as
soon as they arrive. Difficulties upon their arrival (where to stay, “how to

bh



DOE TOURS ASIAN, ARAB CAPITALS

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1289

[Text]

cso:

Head of State Samuel Doe is on
a three-week tour of Asian and
Arab capitals seeking aid for
Liberia. It is Mr. Doe's first
visit outside Africa since he seized
power two years ago. Heading a
20-strong government delegation.
the Liberian leader had talks with
President Hosni Mubarak in
Egypt and he arrived in China on
May 3.

The official New China News
‘Agency in a despatch from Monro-
via said that the visit was signifi-
cant because China was the first
major nation to have invited Mr
Doe. A separate commentary
by the agency praised Mr. Doe
for having overthrown what it
called the “133-year-old rule by
the descendants of ex-American
black slaves”. Doe’s military gov-
ernment had overcome many diffi-
culties in the past two years and
made progress in its efforts to
achieve stability, the agency said.

4700/1244

26

It also praised him for pursuing a
non-aligned policy and opposing
foreign interference, notably the
Soviet and Vietnamese interven-
tions in Afghanistan and Kam-
puchea. The report noted with
approval that he had expelled
Soviet diplomats last year and
ordered the Soviet Embassy in
Monrovia to cut its staff from 15 to
six a year ago.

Peking radio said that Mr. Doe
met Chinese premier, Zhao
Ziyang, at a ceremony in the Great
Hall of the People, and the two
leaders began talks. At a welcom-
ing banquet given by Mr. Zhao
the premier said that China placed
great emphasis on strengthening
its links with the Third World.

Mr. Doe planned to leave for
South Korea on May 9 and he will
spend the last week of thd tour
from May 14 in Saudi Arabia,
Algeria and Morocco.

LIBERIA


JAILED MERCENARTES NAMED, LIVING CONDITIONS REPORTED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 p 1286

[Text]

cso:

4700/1557

According to Portuguese Left-
ists released in 1980, the merce-
naries are better treated than
other prisoners. They can spend as
much of the day as they like in the
prison yard, have their own televi-
sion and radio and the British
receive books from their Embassy.

They also have one cell for two
people while others are crowded
six to a cell.

Reports suggest the mercenar-
ies’ diet is monotonous, but they
receive food parcels from their
relatives that provide them with
what ordinary Angolans cannot
buy in the shops.

“We give the comrades whatev-
er we can. They have no right to
complain about food when they
came here to kill,” an Angolan
officer said.

Only one American mercenary,
Gustavo Grillo, is not kept in
Luanda’s Sao Paulo jail. Grillo,
who proclaims himself a converted
revolutionary, is held separately in
the Casa Da Reclusao (detention
centre), apparently because he has
had fights with other mercenaries.

The green-painted Casa Da Re-
clusao on the outskirts of the city
looks over the cemetery where
one of four mercenaries shot in
1976, Briton John Baker, is
buried. The bodies of the other
three — Costas Georgiou, known
as “Colonel Callan“, a British-

naturalised Cypriot, Briton
Andrew Mackenzie and American
Daniel Gearheart — were flown
home by their relatives.

It is also here that US pilot

“Geoff Harrison Tyler is held after

landing in the southern city of
Benguela, officially designated a
military area, when his light air-
craft developed engine trouble on
a delivery flight to Cape Town.

No charges have been brought
against Mr. Tyler, whose plane
was taken to pieces by the Ango-
lans after it landed.

The Italian Embassy in Luanda
looks after US consular interests
and British and Italian officials
visit the prisoners once a month,
bringing food parcels. The other
mercenaries are: Garry Acker
(American), Cecil Fortwin, Kevin
Marchant, Michael Wiseman and
John Lawlor (British) and John
Nammock (Irish).

President Jose Eduardo dos
Santos offered to release the three
Portuguese prisoners as a goodwill
gesture during the visit of Presi-
dent Antonio Ramalho Eanes of
Portugal. Seventeen Portuguese
prisoners were released by
UNITA earlier this month in a
move that could have embarrassed
General Eanes unless he had re-
turned home with a matching
promise from Luanda.

ANGOLA



He declared to us: Y

"T ghall take advantage of this conference to begin conversations with Arab fi-
nancial institutions in a position to contribute to completion of this second
phase. If that is accomplished under favorable conditions, and if results are
encouraging, they will permit us to consider pbuilding our first geothermal
power station."

Meeting of Financial Backers for Extension of Boulaos Power Station

At the close of the conference, the minister of industry and state industrial
corporations will attend the meeting of financial backers to be held in Kuwait
for the purpose of completing financing arrangements necessary for extension
of the Boulaos electric power station.

That financing, of the order of $40 million, will enable Djibouti Electric to

acquire two generators totaling 30 MW capacity in order to meet the growing
needs of the city of Djibouti until 1987.

6145
cso: 4719/685

17



[Question] You are certainly not going to say that the difficulties of private
enterprise in Upper Volta are all of a structural nature? Many experts have’
deplored the management of your enterprises.

[Ilboudo] You are right. I admit that we are partly at fault, but that is
understandable. The first enterprises were often set up by illiterate business-—
men who schemed in order to get money and invested as they saw fit. It goes
without saying that without training, they do not know how to organize an
enterprise to make it profitable to the maximum extent.

[Kabore] Training. is indeed very important’ in any enterprise. If one does
not have refresher training, one is finally passed up by new techniques. The
CNPV has understood this. In the office, there is a person who follows up
training problems, but we must admit that that is not enough. We need well-
adapted commercial training institutes. There are countries that understood
this need and that have set up ministries in charge of professional and tech-
nical training.

[Question] Is there a guarantee fund for private enterprises in Upper: Volta?

[Kabore] There is a’fund of this type in the OPEV (Office for’ the Promotion
of Voltan Business]. But no one wants such a fund because for 10 years, they
have guaranteed no one. - Moreover, we.know from reliable sources that organiza-
tions make money available to certain financial institutions in our country

on behalf of small and medium-size industries. But where do those funds go?
No one hears about them. It is truly scandalous that there is money that
could be used and that is not used. It is serious at a time when even the
banks have turned off the tap.

[Question]: Does the OPEV respond to the objectives of Voltan enterprises?

[Ilboudo] We judge the presence of the OPEV to be very useful. Unfortunately,
the operation of the OPEV has so discouraged businessmen that they have
seriously turned away from it. At the present time, things are beginning to
change. We think that with the resumption of the organization of training
seminars and programs, that will bring us back'closer to the OPEV.

[Question] And the Chamber of Commerce?

[Ilboudo] Changes that have recently occurred within the Chamber of Commerce
are a victory of employers. It was inconceivable that after so many years of
independence, our Chamber ‘of Commerce should be administered by expatriates.
We have highly. qualified personnel to do the same work. At the present time,
the Consular Chamber is made up of -Voltans. Now we are going to fight for the
formation of the Economic, and Social Council. It is an important organ for
the promotion of our economy.

11,464
cso: 4719/899

5



Episodes showing solidarity between the two countries were recalled at the
meetings. "The visit of Horst Sindermann to this socialist land means that we
are not alone in our battle trenches for socialism," said Maj Gen Marcelino dos
Santos.

"We cannot but point out the role of the GDR in the armed struggle for the
liberation of Mozmabique. (...) Battle uniforms, medicines that we used in
our struggle came from the GDR. It is difficult to enumerate the help of the
GDR to our people," said Maj Gen Hama Thai, adding a greeting "to the people
of the GDR for the effort they have given to support the building of socialism
in Mozambique."

11635
CsO: 4742/292

3h



MOZAMBIQUE

FALKLANDS ISSUE SEEN AS MERE SMOKESCREEN
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Apr 82 p 7
[Editorial by Etevaldo Hipolito: "Another Maneuver"]

[Text] It will not be too much to again insist that imperialism and its allies
are trying to use the case of the Malvinas to hide other equally serious crises.
The conflict over the archipelago has served as a smokescreen behind which the
plot against certain peoples and their legitimate right to freedom and peace

is developing.

We all know the attempt a short time ago by the Reagan administration to have,
without any delay, an amendment approved authorizing the President to use his
full powers to intervene in Central America. It is obvious that the landing
of troops would also reach the Caribbean area. This manuver was at the time
denounced by progressive governments and movements of the region, which forced
common sense to prevail in the U.S. Congress.

Now, still under the cover of disagreement between Buenos Aires and London,
there is another attempt to take advantage of the situation. Now, an attempt
is made to justify a foreign military presence in Africa through tendentious
reports about Angola.

It is not by chance that in the profusion of details regarding the Malvinas
there begin to appear data on planes overflying the British fleet navigating in
the Atlantic. Such planes would have to have a point of departure, a place for
supply and a center of operations. Immediately, news agencies of capitalist
countries located this entire complex on Angolan territory.

Official denials by Luanda did not receive the same prominence as the reports
distributed throughout the world. This could not have been otherwise, because
what is being attempted is to confuse international public opinion in order to
carry out the plan of dissemination of arsenals in regions considered strategic
for imperialism and its allies.

To announce the "discovery" of bases in Angola is to prepare the way for in-
stalling more military complexes in the Indian Ocean. In addition, this is an
argument aimed at trying to justify the utilization of South African port of
Simonstown for aggression against progressive Africa.

11635
CSO: 4742/292

35



UPPER VOLTA

INTERVIEW SPELLS OUT BUSINESS COMMUNITY'S MALAISE
Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 10 Apr 82 pp 12-14

[Interview with Bruno Ilboudo, chairman of the board of SARI (African Indus-
trial Projects Company) and president of the CNPV [National Council of Voltan
Employers], and Emile Kabore, general manager of the TKW'and secretary general
of the CNPV, by Luc-Adolphe Tiao; Ouagadougou, 2-3 Apr 82]

[Text] Upper Voltan businessmen are not happy with our country's
economic policy. Meeting within the National Council of Voltan
Enterprises (CNEV), which has become, since their Second Assembly
of 2-3 April in Ouagadougou, the National Council of Voltan Em-
ployers (CNPV), they made a critical analysis. of the national
situation. They are certainly not lacking in ideas. CARREFOUR
AFRICAN met with Bruno Ilboudo, chairman of the board of SARI
and president of the CNPV, and Emile Kabore, general manager

of the TKW (an import-export firm), secretary general of the
CNPV.

They straightforwardly diagnose the afflictions of the national
private enterprises.

[Question] At the time of your last meetings, you decided to turn the CNEV
into the CNPV. Why did you make the change?

[Ilboudo] Solely for practical reasons. The CNEV was set up in:1975. For
six years, we tried to organize the world of Voltan employers. We now believe
that we have changed. It was therefore necessary to make profound changes in
the bylaws. The National Council proposes, among other things, to study and
defend the interprofessional interests of its members; to establish and main-
tain contact and coordination between enterprises, trade unions and profes-
sional associations; to train the Voltan employer; and to contribute to the
economic, social and cultural development of Upper Volta by providing the
government and its departments with the cooperation of private initiative, and

so on.

In order to achieve these objectives, we decided to review the method of mem-
berships in the CNPV. From individual memberships, we have moved to profes-

sional groupings.

50



GHANA

BRIEFS

REPORTED MURDERS--Mr E.D. Mahami, former deputy Speaker of Parliament has
alleged in Lagos that the PNDC has killed hundreds of military and civilian
opponents since December 31. The former deputy speaker told a press confer-
ence that all dissent had been curtailed ruthlessly since Rawlings’ regime
seized power. He accused the regime of undertaking "a systematic elimination
by secret killings of hundreds of both military personnel and civilians who
were suspected of being against the so-called reyolution." Many others had
been sent to detention centres without trial, he charged. Mr Mahami was
announcing the formation of a Nigerian branch of the Campaign for Democracy
in Ghana, launched in London last month to oppose the military regime by
peaceful means. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82

p 1287]

cso: 4700/1557

23



[Kabore] You have well-managed enterprises that are going under because of
the tax burden. It happens that enterprises pay more ‘taxes than they make
in profits. This means that they only work for the tax collector. In this
case, how can one’encourage people to invest?

[Question] What solution do you recommend ‘to lighten taxes?

[Kabore] There are already individual possibilities. But the procedure is
very long and very complicated. You have time to disappear if you take that
path! The government should.envisage a type of tax amnesty for a certain
category of enterprise.

[Question] Tax amnesty? . That is very dangerous for a country in which the
national budget is essentially made up of taxes. .

[Kabore] I did not say that the government should decide to suspend the’
payment of taxes. Enterprises have -back taxes which they owe. Why not give
the enterprise relief by forgiving its back taxes?

[Ilboudo] Or quite simply; the government could decide, for example, that
for an enterprise that has 5-million francs in back taxes, it would grant
10 years to pay them off. That would give us room to breathe.

[Question] Do you think you can recover before too long?

[Ilboudo] We will never be able to recover as long as there is no political’
action taken by the government. There is also the international situation,
which has an enormous and very disastrous effect on Upper Volta. . With respect
to the IMF, our drawing rights have been limited. And yet, some countries
have asked the IMF to give them special drawings to help their: economies

out of difficulty. Why.could Upper Volta not do the same? At least if em-
ployers were in on the major economic decisions, we would go very far today.

[Question] Is it not up to you to make the effort so that the government
will bring you in on its moves? 3

[Kabore] We are at the bottom of the ladder. It-is up to the government

to design a planwof action and to ask us to discuss it with it. At any rate,
speaking in general, employers do not. have their rightful place. We deserve
more than they give us. .

[Ilboudo] We have made proposals, but they are all remained a dead letter.

[Question] Why have you not brought all these problems with the chief of
state at the time of your. meeting in May 1981?

[Ilboudo] The president came to give us his views on the economic policy

which the CMRPN [expansion unknown] plans to follow. That is all. Nothing
came of it and that meeting led to nothing.

53



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Briefs
Talks With Spain
GAMBIA
Briefs
On Falkland Islands Conflict
PRC Constructed Health Centers
Election Results
PPP Expulsions
GHANA
Livestock Sector Development Viewed To Cut Imports
(Issaka Goodman; WEST AFRICA, 10 May 82) ..ceccsceseee
Briefs
Reported Murders
GUINEA
Toure's Diplomacy in Persuading Oadu Leaders To Bar Sdar
Admission 'Successful'
(WEST AFRICA, 10 May 82) ....sceeseeeeee
LIBERIA
Doe Tours Asian, Arab Capitals
(WEST AFRICA, 10 May 82) ceccsscccccceccccccceeeccecce
Briefs
Doe Praises PRC Aid
MOZAMBIQUE

NRM Seen Lacking Political Program
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 28 Apr 82) ccsccacccscecceccecee

Country's Problems Must Be Experience First Hand
(Editorial; Mario Ferro; NOTICIAS, 19 Apr 82).....e+es

Profiteering Seen Reappearing; Vigilance Needed
(Abel Faifes; NOTICIAS, 2h Apr 82) ccceccacecssceccccee

GDR Official Reviews Spectrum of Cooperation
(Xavier Tsenane; TEMPO, 25 Apr 82) sscccscscccscececes

Falklands Issue Seen as Mere Smokescreen
(Editorial, Etevaldo Hipolito; NOTICIAS, 2) Apr 82)...

-b-

18

19
19
19
20

21

23

2h

26

27

28

29

30

32

35



UPPER VOLTA

CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES OF VOLTAN MIGRATION EXAMINED
Quagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 3 Apr 82 pp 11-15
[Article by Beatrice Damiba and Emmanuel Sama: "The Bug To Leave"']

[Text] Upper Voltans have always had the reputation of being
hard workers and yet, the harsh living conditions (arid soils,
irregular, inadequate rainfall) cause the efforts of most of
them to be poorly repaid and scarcely allow them to eke out

a bare living. As a result, many of them have set out in
search of more fertile land, either in the interior of Upper
Volta (West Volta regions) or abroad. Others hope to find
something better in the country's villages or neighboring
countries. (At least one out of every three Voltans has
migrated at least once in his life.)

The migrants are usually young people in their prime. The
international crisis has put an already fragile Voltan indus-
try to the test, an industry that cannot help absorb job
seekers, but these movements of the population, especially
when they are abroad, greatly compromise the future of our
economy.

Measures have always been announced to correct some of these
movements, but one has to admit that nothing has yet been
done. The report we are beginning tries to examine the
question. in depth.

The average density of the population of Upper Volta is 22 inhabitants per
square kilometer. However, the 6 million Voltans are so unevenly distributed
over the territory that one finds over 80 inhabitants per square kilometer
on the Mossi plateau, a situation that causes the Mossi of the plateau to go
elsewhere, generally in the region of the Upper Basins and the Black Volta,
where the land is not so dry and more fertile.

Reasons for Migration
The dry season is a rather idle period in the village. Aside from gardening

on bottomland, one gets nothing out of the soil. The people are bored. When
they have finished repairing their roofs, the fences of their concessions

he



TANZANIA

MP'S URGE GOVERNMENT TO RECONSIDER OBJECTION TO TELEVISION
Paris AFRICA AFP in English 30 Apr 82 p 19

[Text] Dar-es-Salaam, April 29--The Tanzanian Government has been urged by
members of Parliament to reconsider its objection to the establishment of a
television network in the country.

The MPs said it was wrong for the Government to continue arguing that televi-
sion was a luxury when it was aware that it was an essential channel for com-
munications and education of the people.

The appeal was made in Parliament in Dodoma, Central Tanzania, during question
time yesterday, when a succession of MPs demanded clarification of the Govern-
ment's television policy.

The Government reiterated that television would benefit the people only when
it was able to cover the whole country. This was an expensive exercise con-
sidering the troubled economic situation facing Tanzania.

Deputy Minister for Agriculture A. Kasyupa, speaking on behalf of the Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting, said the Government was aware of the need for
a television network. A research project had already been commissioned to
sample the views of the population, taking into account the culture and tradi-
tion of all regions, districts and villages.

Five years ago President Julius Nyerere told visiting journalists that teleyi-
sion in Tanzania would be possible when the country had established its own

satellite network, enabling programmes to be picked up throughout the country.
(A.F.P.)

cso: 4700/1243

ho



tant act will be to designate candidates for the new National Assembly to suc-
ceed that whose powers expire on 8 May.

"I have purposely summarized the successive phases of change, and I leave it to
each of you to discuss them, so as to impart in time the result of your reflec-
tions for analysis by those whose concern they will be.

"I thnk I have already expressed, in other circumstances, the reasons for crea-
tion of the RPP; on various occasions I have been concerned to point out that
the tribune which it represents can be denied to no one, which in other words
means that no one canbe subject to denial of rights or expropriation.

"I can well understand that during the initial period some instances of confu-
sion may have arisen, but it seems to me the time has come to encourage some
and dissuade others, if the latter exist, and I am sure I surprise no one by
declaring here, on this anniversary day, that our-movement must remain aces-
sible to and at. the service of the people, for that is democracy, and that is
why I call on you, men and women of Djibouti, to: control it-by your massed
presence in its composition.

"Long live the RPP, long live the Republic of Djibouti.
At Tadjourah: "Expression Must Come From the Base"
"Brothers and sisters of Tadjourah:

"When I spoke to the many people who came day before yesterday to the Djibouti
stadium to celebrate with me the anniversary of the RPP's creation, I announced
to all of you, brothers and sisters across the gulf, the holding of our congress
today in your white city.

"It will soon be 5 years since that time, just before our accession to indepen-
dence, when all responsible political figures of that day gathered in this very
place, with the aim of advancing in step towards our liberty.

"Since then, many aspects of our country's life have evolved: with our person-
ality, we have regained the taste for audacity, and with that new assurance,
the taste for challenge.

"We shall no longer speak of unity, for that theme was the object of but very
brief developments, and that during a very short span of our recent history,

since you have responded en masse, without hesitation, to the first appeal I

addressed to you as soon as I was designated as head of state, that is, on 27
June 1977. .

"That does not mean, for all that, that everything is definitively settled in
all fields, and it would be a grave error to think so even for an instant.

"Things have, however, changed colors, and since certain of our preoccupations
are henceforth part of the domain of our satisfactions, we can continue on our
path without troubling ourselves overmuch over the nature of the difficulties
we shall have to surmount, because we shall face them together.

10



[Question] Does the regulation of the right to strike seem to you to be
timely or too soon?

[Ilboudo] We should not judgé.a political action taken by the government.
Perhaps this measure is aimed at instituting social peace in order to get

the economy on its feet. In this sense, I believe that the measure is salu-
tary. Nevertheless, we are in a liberal country and all individual and collec-
tive freedoms must be guaranteed by the government.

[Kabore] The current government assured us that these freedoms would be
strongly guaranteed.

[Question] Mr Employers, our country's economy is in bad shape. If that
economy is stagnant, it is because business is also going badly. Where do you
place the responsibility?

[11boudo] Higher than the employers. Let us take an example. In this coun-
try, these is no industrialization policy. There are declarations of princi-
ple. That is all. No, that is not enough. All these fine ideas must be
expressed in action. Otherwise, the employer acts as he wishes, without any
master plan.

[Kabore] One clear option is what we are asking for. When the government
defines a priority sector, that must be translated into an advantage for the
investor. We naturally have an investment code, but a code which is not at
all beneficial to the businessman. We are in a poor country. That is not
a reason for: the government to abandon the private sector to its own devices.

[Question] The government's interests are not always. those of the business—
men. You tend to reason based on profitability and the government based on
vitality. The rural sector, chosen as the top priority, does not interest
you. Agrobusiness is practically unknown in Upper Volta.

[Kabore] What benefit would there be for a Voltan businessman to go into
agrobusiness? None. What privileges does the government grant an entrepreneur
to buy agricultural-machinery:such as tractors or harvesters? None. Do you
therefore want to take the risk of going into a sector exposed to climate
uncertainties without any guarantee? Go ahead. If you go bankrupt, you will
get no support from the government.

[Question] Mr Ilboudo, at the closing of your Second Council, you launched
a cry of despair, saying that the private sector is collapsing under the
weight of taxes. And yet, it seems to me that the entrepreneurs do not pay
their taxes regularly.

[Ilboudo] TI do not think that is true. The Voltan entrepreneur pays his
taxes. However, it does happen that some enterprises get behind solely due
to circumstantial problems they face. Moreover, we are forced to do so or
we would have no market. In order to get a market, the government requires
a tax declaration. Without such a declaration, you are out. On the other
hand, foreign businessmen do not furnish that document. They therefore have
an advantage over their Voltan colleagues. That is not fair.

52



DJIBOUTIL

LIST OF CANDIDATES FOR MAY LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS
Djibouti LA NATION DJIBOUTI in French 6 May 82 pp 1, 12

[Text] The secretary general of the People's Rally for Progress (RPP) and
minister of foreign affairs and cooperation, Moumin Bahdon Farah, filed a
list of RPP candidates for the coming “legislative elections with the Djibouti
Ministry of Interior at around midnight on Thursday. The elections are sche-
duled for Friday, 21 May. :

This new list of candidates includes 22 new names and 43 incumbents. The Na-
tional Assembly must fill 65 seats. .

22 New Candidates; 43 Incumbents
District of Djibouti

1. Barkat Gourad Hamadou 2. Omar Kamil Warsama 3. Moumin Bahdon Farah

4. Ali Mahamade Houmed 5. Bourhan Ali Warki 6. Ahmed Hassan Liban (AKA
"Goad") 7. Fahmy Ahmed El Hag 8. Mahamoud Del Wais 9. Abdoulkader Waberri
Askar 10. Abdallah Awad Haidar 11. ‘Wahib Issa Ali 12. Ali Bileh Robleh
13. Abdallah Chirwa Djibril. 14. Abdi Jean-Paul Noel 15. Deleita Mohamed
Moussa 16. Dabale Ahmed Kassim 17. Ibrahim Ahmed Bouraleh 18. Omar
Ahmed Youssouf 19. Moussa Ali Kahin 20. Mohamed Ali Bogoreh 21. Chide
Abdi Khaireh 22. Ali Ahmed Sultan 23. Mirgan Barkat Houmed 24. Idriss
Harbi Farah 25. Bourhan Kanano Daoud 26. Mohamed Ali Mohamed 27. Hubert
Ismael Bileh 28. Maki Houmed Gaba 29. Elmi Ali Ardeh 30. Abdoulkader
Ahmed Liban 31. Omar Elmi Khaireh 32. Atteyeh Ismael Wais 33. Hassan
Elmi Gueldon 34. Ali Guedi-Amareh 35. Kamil Ali Mohamed 36. Idriss
Hassan Agadir 37. Mohamed Ali Gadi leh

District of Dikhil
1. Mohamed Djama Elabe 2. Said Ibrahim Badoul 3. Osman Moussa Omar
4, Habib Mohamed Loita 5. Robleh Obsieh Bouh 6. Oudoun Hassanle Ali

7. Elaf Orbiss Ali 8. Aden Guedi Dideh 9. Wais Houmed Wais 10. Ougoureh
Hassan Ibrahim 11. Dibiro Ahmed Hamadou 12. Moussa Ahmed Osman

12



JPRS 80964

2 June 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2632
ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Need for Restructuring of Economy Seen Officially Admitted
(Marie Joannidis; AFRICA AFP, 11 May 82) ....seeeeeee 1
Jailed Mercenaries Named, Living Conditions Reported
(WEST AFRICA, 10 May 82) .ccccsseccccceecsccccccecees 3
Briefs
New Refinery Planned h
Portuguese Nationals Murdered, Captured h
BENIN
Briefs
First Oil in October 5
CHAD.
UN Attempt To Raise Funds for OAU Operations Seen as ‘Lifeline!
(WEST AFRICA, 10 May 82) .ecesceccccceccncscccceeeces 6
DJIBOUTI

Presidential Speeches, List of Names of New Central
Committee
(LA NATION, 11 Mar 82) .

List of Candidates for May Legislative Elections
(LA NATION DJIBOUTI, 6 May 82) .ecececccccccccccceeee 12

Satisfaction Expressed Over Cost of Living
(Ahmed Djama Guedi; LA NATION DJIBOUTI, 6 May 82) ... 1h

Report on Geothermal Energy
(LA NATION, 11 Mar 82) ccccccccccccccccecsccceceseves 16

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



"This type of cooperation is based on the principles of the New International
Economic Order which presupposes mutual advantages on a footing of equality,"
said Horst Sindermann.

This aspect was touched upon previously by Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos, when
he said that "the RPM is aware of its internationalist duty and expresses its
willingness to study, together. with other fraternal socialist countries, the
necessary ways to neutralize the economic blockade imposed by imperialism and
to reinforce the actions aimed at implementing the New International Economic
Order."

As an example, Horst Sindermann said that the supply of equipment from the

GDR for the Mozambican coal industry is compensated through importation of this
product into the GDR. "We must find ways to cooperate which would have nothing
to do with exploitation, but can guarantee mutual advantages," he said.

Horst Sindermann visited the metallurgical enterprise Cometal-Mometal, where
Mozambican workers trained in the GDR and cooperating workers from that country
are employed. "We start from the principle that it is a priority of your
country to obtain skilled manpower," he said in this connection.

One of his impressions is that "there is progress in training skilled workers.
One of the tasks performed at the Cometal-Mometal is welding, which demands
high specialization. I saw workers who carry out this task with expertise."

GDR cooperation is envisaged in supplying equipment, technology, technical
assistance and professional training to Cometal-Mometal. Horst Sindermann also
said that he has noted that a Mozambican worker trained in the GDR was trans-
mitting his knowledge to his colleagues.

Friendship School

Horst Sindermann spoke of cooperation in the field of education, pointing out
that it is concentrated mainly on training teachers, preparation of manuals and
teaching methods. "It is known as the Friendship School Project, which will be
completed soon," he said.

"There are joint plans for training cadres at the party level. This means that
GDR teachers will work at the FRELIMO Party Central School and that Mozambican
students will be trained at the GDR party school."

During his visit Horst Sindermann toured two centers for training political
cadres, namely the FRELIMO Party Central School, located in Matola, and the
FRELIMO Secondary School in Namaacha. "I observed progress in the two schools
where a new generation is growing up. This shows that the leaders of the
FRELIMO Party and the state are working with view to a great future."

Solidarity
Actions illustrated the words of solidarity spoken during the visit: the GDR

delegation offered 2 tons of medicines as aid to drought victims, and also
various sanitary material, in the name of the GDR Solidarity Committee.

33



GHANA

LIVESTOCK SECTOR DEVELOPMENT VIEWED TO CUT IMPORTS
London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 pp 1254-1255
[Article by Issaka Goodman]
[Excerpts] Isaaka Goodman discusses a study commissioned
by the Bank of Ghana, which reviewed the livestock sector

of the economy ‘in northern Ghana, the development of which
will reduce the country's present reliance on imported

meat.

THIS IS an observation on a report of a
study by Gunn Rural Management Pty
Ltd, (GRM) of Brisbane, Australia, on the
Development of Livestock in Northern
Ghana. This study which was carried out in
1977, was commissioned by the Bank of
Ghana, to review the livestock sector of
the economy and to identify the specific
projects which will reduce the country’s
present level of reliance on imported meat
and meat products and it is still very
relevant today, as the figures and report
have been updated.

The study identified 12 areas in North-
ern Ghana for commercial ranching includ-
ing Wulugu-Walewale, where a ranch has
been set-up: Wulugu Livestock Company
Limited.

“Northern Ghana is very similar, with
respect to climate, soil and grass types, to
parts of northern Australia and South
‘America where commercially-orientated
cattle industries have been established for
over a century. There is little doubt that,
with the provision of stock water and
competent management, the north of Gha-
na is capable of supporting ranches which
can be used for breeding and growing
livestock. Further, livestock production in
the north is likely to be less constrained by
diseases than in the south as the prolonged

21

annual dry period restricts the develop-
ment of parasital and bacterial diseases
commonly associated with the wetter
south.

A further advantage of the development
of a livestock industry in the north, particu-
larly in the early phase of the development
of the industry in Ghana, is the proximity
to supplies of breeding stock. Almost all
the livestock that are immediately avail-
able are imported from the Sahelian coun-
tries and enter Ghana from Upper Volta.
Therefore the rapid development of the
livestock industry in its initial stages will
depend on an ability to obtain adequate
numbers of breeding stock from the Sahe-
lian countries.

The north also enjoys logistical, environ-
mental and cost advantages for acceptance
of Sahelian animals and the losses of
animals which occur from transport and
disease if animals are moved to the south
will be minimised.

It is considered that the most effective
way of increasing meat production in Gha-
na in the short term is to develop ranch
enterprises based on large-scale, or exten-
sive production of cattle sheep and goats.
The relatively low capacity of natural
savannah pastures to carry grazing animals
demands the utilisation of large areas by a



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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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eat when the little they have was used to pay for transportation) are so great
that if left to himself, the candidate is quickly discouraged. Fortunately
for some, the ethnic communities abroad come to their aid, thereby playing

a large role in the intégration of new migrants.

The Coffee and cacao plantations absorb half of them. Others go to the banana
and palm plantations and lumbering areas. If they stay a long time with their
families, their children will’ provide the labor needed for these lumbering
operations. In Gabon, they play the role of sires -but will return home with-
out children. Those who remain in the cities or return there will be hired

as dockers, factory workers, market sweepers or "boys" (servants). The starva-
tion wages they receive do not even enable them to have avery comfortable
life. Forced to go to the outlying areas of the cities, they live in tiny
rooms with their many children or in shantytowns. The idle young born into
this social class generally turn into delinquents.

Interregional Migrations: 1975 Figures

Migrants Entering Migrants Leaving

Upper Basins 52,322 | North 42,277

Black Volta 24,367 Center-West 31,611

Center . 13,060 Center-North 8,741.

East. 6,111 Sahel 3,500
Southwest 1,740
Center-East - 7,991

Source: Education on population in Upper Volta.

Voltans in Eight African Countries

Recruited in: Number . All Foreigners Proportion Voltans
Ivory Coast 774,099 1,437,319 54%
Ghana 159,300 562,100 28%
Mali 48,700 48,700 487,
Senegal 13,700 355,000 4%
Togo 8,000 60,000 8%
Liberia 6,400 55,700 11%
Gambia 0 52,800 0%
Sierra-Leone 900 79,400 1%
Total 1,000,000 2,800,000 36%

Source: World Bank and OECD
Secular Hemorrhage
A minority has nevertheless emerged from the emigrants as a whole. Except

for civil servants, this island is made up of former emigrants and some very
shrewd young people. The former, have reached an age when their homesickness

Ls



MOZAMBIQUE

COUNTRY'S PROBLEMS MUST BE EXPERIENCED FIRST HAND

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Apr 82 pl

[Editorial by Mario Ferro]

[Excerpts] For an attentive observer the fact that several members of the
Council of Ministers made trips to various parts of the country last week
did not pass unnoticed. Most of the ministers left the capital and in the
places where the crying need for development is felt most, they acted to
solve many problems--in the vernacular "knots of strangulation," the term
that has become characteristic.

At first glance, I presume that these trips are a reply to the statement,
considered a guideline, by President Samora Machel, in his speech at the
closing session of the first National Conference of the Frelimo Party: "We
have to come out of our offices. We have to’ renew our contacts with the
masses, to make the party live daily among them."

It is not sufficient that only the ministers go traveling to acquaint them-
selves with the real situation of the country.

We have national directors, directors of management units, directors of
firms and other directors'and experts in various fields. The majority of
them receive good salaries paid in foreign exchange. Usually they are con-
centrated in the overcrowded capital, filling offices and offices of the
ministries and other official bodies, getting wrapped up in the confusion of
things, papers and talks in the corridors, often without any importance.

Of course, I do not underestimate the work of these hundreds and hundreds
of individuals who make up an important army which would be more important
if they felt and saw the results of their actions over there in each one of
more than 100 districts of the nation, each one of which is the basis of
the national economy.

Perhaps it is my mentality, victim of provincial distortion which makes me
think in this manner, because the 8 months of my residence in Maputo will
never be able to wipe out the many years I spent in Beira. However, to
tell the truth, I know from my experience that there are many who still
think (and even worse believe) that Mozambique is Maputo, and the rest...
is scenery.

11634
cso: 4742/290

29



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

GDR OFFICIALS' VISIT—-A session of the joint RPM [People's Republic of
Mozambique]-France Commission will begin today in Paris, the French capital,
where Planning Minister Mario da Graca Machungo is now visiting. Coopera-
tion in various fields between the RPM and that European country, member of
the EEC, will be the basis for discussions during 2 days. On the other hand,
a session of the Joint RPM-GDR Commission will begin soon in Maputo, capi-
tal of Mozambique. The vice minister of coal and energy, Heinz Berthold, and
state secretary for geology, Wolfgang Gotte, of that socialist European
country are already in Maputo. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1

19 Apr 82 p 17 1163)

PUNGOE BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION-~Two technicians, specialists in metal con-
struction of the Ministry of Public Works of the Netherlands, have been in
our country since last week. The main purpose of their visit is the recon-
struction of the Pungoe bridge destroyed by enemy sabotage, and for which the
Netherlands is making a donation. The Dutch Government donation for the
reconstruction of the bridge is in reply to an appeal made by our country to
the Netherlands and Sweden. Sweden is covering the expenses of the temporary
flotation bridge which is already in our country. The Dutch financing is
intended for the reconstruction of the partially destroyed bridge, which
takes a long time. That is why it is necessary to have a temporary flotation
bridge. [Text] [Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 25 Apr 82 p 4] 11634

DUTCH ASSISTANCE--The Netherlands is placing at the disposal of Mozambique
3 million florins (about 42 million meticals) for the purchase of 5,000 tons
of corn from Zimbabwe. According to the agreement, this cereal is intended
to help the victims of the drought which last year affected some Mozambican
regions. To formalize this donation an agreement was signed today in the
Mozambican capital by Luis Nhongo, director general of the Mozambican enter-
prise ENACOMO/Importacao, and by Tjaco T. Van Hout, charge d'affaires of the
.Dutch embassy in Maputo. The Netherlands notified Mozambican authorities

of its intention on 26 February 1982. According to the plan, the cereal
should reach Mozambique next month and will be distributed exclusively in
the central area of the country. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

24 Apr 82 p 1] 11634

BRAZILIAN LABOR PARTY OFFICIAL--Leonel Brizola, president of the Democratic

Labor Party of Brazil (PDTB) has been in Mozambique since last Wednesday
heading a PDT delegation to make contacts with the leadership of the

38



GUINEA

TOURE'S DIPLOMACY IN PERSUADING OADU LEADERS. TO BAR SDAR ADMISSION "SUCCESSFUL"
London WEST AFRICA in English No 3379, 10 May 82 pp 1256, 1257

[Text] A correspondent discusses President Sekou Toure's
successful diplomatic role in persuading OAU leaders to
oppose the admission of the Sharan Arab Democratic Repub-
lic into the organisation.

WHILE the squabbles and shadow punch-
ups among African leaders get more
heated and dramatic over the recent admis-
sion of the Saharan Arab Democratic
Republic (SADR) to the OAU, Guinea
continues to play a rather quiet but effec-
tive diplomatic pussy-footing which now
seems to be gaining ground in recent
weeks.

In the last four weeks or so, President
Ahmed Sékou Touré, of Guinea, has
convened at least two successful summits in
his capital, Conakry. Just before Easter,
Touré chaired an emergency meeting of
the other two member-countries of the
Mano River Union, Liberia and Sierra
Leone. A communiqué issued at the end of
the summit said the three Heads of State
want an emergency meeting of the OAU
Heads of State to settle the Western
Sahara crisis; but the more underlying
factor in the communiqué has been the
agreement of the three leaders to say that
the OAU decision last February to admit
the SADR was null and void.

This immediately meant that-first of all
the Sierra Leone Government which had
been rewarded in 1980-by the Algérian Gov-
ernment with reportedly a load of,money,
40 Mercedez Benz and food to back and
declare support for the SADR at the OAU
summit in Freetown, has changed its mind
about that 1980 decision. Secondly, by the
Conakry pronouncement, Liberia was
once and for all making known publicly its

2h,

position on the Western Sahara dispute.
Under the late President William Tolbert,
who was himself a founder member of the
committee of OAU wisemen, Liberia has
consistently played the role of a peace-
broker over the Western Sahara crisis. But
Sékou Touré’s diplomatic victory over
President Siaka Stevens and Commander
Samuel Doe at the recent Conakry sum-
mit, is hardly surprising. Politically, Touré
has always played the role of a big brother,
sending Guinean troops to prop-up
Stevens’ fragile government in 1970 when
it was nearly crushed by a coup and
providing him with asylum in 1967 and.
more recently acting as a godfather for
Liberia’s Samuel Doe when the latter was
twice refused participation at meetings of
African leaders in Lagos, Nigeria and
Lomé, Togo. As a result Touré could not
have misjudged the political temperature
of the two neighbouring leaders when he
hurriedly summoned them to Conakry and
asked them to back King Hassan’s di-
plomatic counter-offensive on the OAU
admi: of the SADR.

Touré is King Hassan’s best ruling friend
in the region; the other is former President
Senghor, of Senegal, who nonetheless con-
tinues to play the role of man-behind-the-
scene, pushing his luck with other French-
speaking countries like the Ivory Coast,
the Central African Republic, Mali and
Upper Volta. Commander Doe’s sudden
shouting-match over the Western Sahara



DJIBOUTI

PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHES, LIST OF NAMES OF NEW CENTRAL COMMITTEE
Djibouti LA NATION in French 11 Mar 82 pp 4, 5

At National Stadium: "The Means of Applying a Creative Policy"
"Men and women of Djibouti:

“When the object of a man's whole political life has been to serve the public,
he can no longer compromise with his convictions, for the limit of his gaze
has gone beyond the narrow zone of successes and envies, to reach the world of
those who laugh neither often nor enough.

"To the eyes of a people emerging from the darkness of night, the light of the
sun is cruel, and the dazzling which follows, even if transitory, eonfuses
their minds, at least during the time needed to adapt to the new perception.

"Ours has at last found its balance, no doubt because it avoided undue haste,
and no doubt also because it applied itself to developing before all others
the sentiment of generosity, thereby achieving a unity envied by many today.

"That unity sprang up, first of all, in response to the challenge of skeptics
bent on predicting the results of our incapacity.

"It then took form at the call of the head of state, who wished it to be final-
ly unshakable; that came’to pass on 4 March 1979, just 3 years ago today.

"The work of consolidation, application, and diffusion of the ideas expressed
at Dikhil was pursued among the people of Djibouti, as it was in the interior.
Its effectiveness was not felt in the same way everywhere, but its reality and
necessity have escaped no one, even if at times certain statements gave expres-
sion to impatience.

"In our constitutional laws it is said that ‘legislative power shall be exer-
cised by a national congress and a legislative council insuring just represen-
tation of the population and its communities.'

"It appears today that the national congress will have no other form than one
representative of the RPP, which is soon to meet at Tadjourah.



was no longer acute, were able to obtain land’ which they developed and from
which they now derive.an income. Former laborers, after years of back-breaking
work, had a right to a part of the plantation which they could work in their
own behalf. This "accession to independence" can be a springboard for him

if the native milieu does not bar the way. This desire to have one's own

farm is going deeper and deeper into the minds of the new migrants. They

are actually going to colonize land in the Ivory Coast, especially in the
Bouake region. They set up villages there as in West, Volta.

The emigration of our fellow countrymen contributes to the development of the
host countries.: In the still recent past, Ghana was one of the top-ranking
cacao producers in the world. Egyptian economist Samir Amin said about the
Ivory Coast in 1967: "Ivorian development over the past 15 years has been
and still remains almost exclusively based on the work of non-Ivorians."

Excerpts from the 1976-1980 Ivorian Plan (Vol. 3; p 671) tell us the follow-
ing: "The declared needs of the Ivorian planters amounted to over 10,000
workers. The Labor Office no longer had enough applications" and there re-
sulted a drop in the 1975-1976.coffee harvest, "and only a large foreign
immigration made it possible to delay the apparition of this imbalance,
which has actually manifested itself since the end of 1974."

In short, it would not’ be exaggerated to say that the Voltans are for some
countries what the Indians were before the Blacks for the United States, with
one difference: The reserves are not drying up. They are being built back
up beyond the Volta, while in Upper Volta itself, the effects of this real
exodus are rather negative.

One can note a certain aging of our population. The intercensus growth rate
of our country for the 1969-1973 period fell from 1.7 to 1 percent. The
current natural growth rate (1975) is 2.06 and only the death rate and the
massive emigration explain the drop. If this harmful phenomenon were to con-
tinue, fears of 0 growth will be-well-founded. As a result, we had better
procreate at home! The drain of good arms is not a prelude to the success of
the modernization of our backward agriculture, the prime cause of that exodus.
Without this modernization, the exodus will continue. Moreover, the agree-
ments signed on 9 March 1960 with the Ivory Coast and on 13 October 1973 with
Gabon could have made it possible to organize, to limit emigration and make
it profitable. But enormous interests were at stake and irregularities could
not be avoided. These conventions were therefore suspended. More than one
Voltan rejoiced over the order of 2 March 1981, instituting the "pass" and
thereby limiting emigration. Is this measure, taken after the famous "Operation
Punch" in Abidjan, enough to stop the hemorrhage?

Issuance of this "permit" to leave the country nevertheless poses many human
problems. Working under illegal conditions (and' therefore, often without
official papers), it is practically impossible for many migrants returning to
the country to present the necessary documents (work permit, family card, and
so on) needed to obtain the return permit.

h6



Diverting the Migratory Course

The National Office for the Promotion of Employment (ONPE), on the one hand,
and the Volta Valleys Development Authority (AVV), on the other hand, represent
ways in which one can find solutions to the problems of migration.

According to Guilliou Christophe Kam, director of the ONPE, the promotion of
employment is not only the promotion of paying work. Contrary to what people
think, employment also means rural jobs, work in fields or gardens. Further-
more, only 1 percent (1975 figure) of the active Voltan population earns a
wage, including all sectors; which at the time represented 41,200 persons.
Considering the fact that many ‘projects considered in the projected ‘studies
were not carried out (for example, Tambao), it is thought in the ONPE that
the figure of 67,500 jobs planned for 1981 was not reached (8.4 percent).
Furthermore, the more time passes, the more’ imbalanced employment is: Only.
33.3 percent of the job applications were met in the past 5 years. Some

24 percent of these involve manual labor and unskilled work. Actually, some
40: percent of the job seekers have no training, but the job offers require
skills. Consequently, they encounter applications in quantity and there is
no coincidence between supply and demand (see Table II).

In order to hold back these young people attracted by the cities and then by
adventure, the high-labor project is made of up work requiring a human invest~
ment (the expression "human investment" is challenged by the ILO), which
should occupy. young rural people permanently. They will dig wells, open
trails and engage-in market gardening to use water from the well and the trails
to ship out the products.

Since 1974, a Dutch-Voltan project has been underway using the theme "mobiliza-
tion of people for development." The trend is to make the most of the human
capital, according to Kam, because to date, we have mainly relied on money

and technology. In Upper Volta, we have land and labor. One therefore can
and must bet on these two factors. It is enough to create a minimum of infra-
structures (reservoirs, wells,.clinics, schools, and so on) in order to relieve
the underemployment problem. The people will themselves be responsible for
managing these facilities.

According to the so-called "relative poverty" theories, the departments in

the North, Center-North and Center-West, which are among those with a high

rate of emigration, were chosen. If they can manage to have jobs and earn a
living locally, rural young people will gradually get over their "restlessness."
Otherwise, ‘some 79,000 emigrants are expected in the cities during the 1975-1
1990 period. When one-realizes that already, some 50 percent of the delin-
quents in the cities are young people from rural areas....

The AVV
The AVV organizes internal family migrations by encouraging the resettlement of
areas freed of onchocerciasis. These are necessarily married adults ready to

clear new land. We met Mr Nikiema, who is in charge of transferring persons
to and setting them up in the AVV villages. The organization transports

48



"To leave to the government and administration the task of managing our affairs
is certainly a mark of confidence which honors those two agencies; however, I
have considered that the peoples' participation, in that dimension, in the con-
duct of its affairs has been insufficient, a situation which justified creation
of the RPP.

"The rally is the organ of expression for the whole population, and through its
subsidiaries offers to everyone the opportunity to express himself freely, espe-
cially to those responsible for defending the country's interests. At the risk
of repeating myself, I renew the notice, which concerns all citizens, that the
forum which it represents is the property of no one, and that it is available
to men and women imbued with the intention to serve the national community.

"To these particulars which I wished to give for the information of the great-
est number, I must add that in order to be effective the movement must feel it-
self strengthened by general support; so do not hesitate to uphold it so that
it may become the permanent means of liaison between all components of the na-
tion.

"The primary purpose-of this meeting is the presentation of the RPP congress,
whose members have been designated by the subordinate organs.

"They are at my side, but they are not my servants; their duties consist essen-
tially of deliberating in plenary session on questions which shall have been
examined by the central committee shortly to be constituted, and whose perma-
nent representation will be provided by an executive committee appointed from
among its members.

"This, then, is an initiating organization whose role is of first importance,
because through the network of its representation it will be in a better posi-
tion than anyone to define rapidly the permanent or periodic needs of the popu-
lation, and to provide at the governmental level needed information and solu-
tions.

"Exact reflection of intentions and hopes is not easily accomplished, and at
times distortion--even unwitting--can go beyond surprise and create situations
in all respects deplorable. Thus it is important that all things be clear
along the whole route, without need for interpretation at any crossroad; that
is why expressior. must come from the base. :

“The foregoing represents, among other things, and not the least important, one
of the reasons for, creation of ovr rally; it will be your task to justify it by
bringing to it, through your massive support, the help which is indispensable
to its development.

"Brothers and sisters of Tadjourah, in sharing this.¢ay with you, let me ask
the Almighty to shed on you his blessing, and to watch over the maintenance of
our fierce will to serve Him while at the same time we serve the Republic of
Djibouti.

6145

CSO: 719/685
1