Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program 

Measurements for Colocated Sites CO89 and CO98 at 

Rocky Mountain National Park, Water Years 2010–14

Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5051

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover. Automatic precipitation collectors for National Atmospheric Deposition Program, National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98 at 

Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.
Evaluation of National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program Measurements for 

Colocated Sites CO89 and CO98 at Rocky 

Mountain National Park, Water Years 

2010–14

By Gregory A. Wetherbee

Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5051

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016

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Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials 

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Suggested citation:

Wetherbee, G.A., 2016, Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements for colocated sites 

CO89 and CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2016–5051, 32 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165051.

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................1

Methods..................................................................................................................................................3

Evaluation of Colocated Measurements....................................................................................................5

Evaluation of Measurement Bias and Variability .....................................................................................7

Bias..........................................................................................................................................................7

Variability................................................................................................................................................7

Confidence Limits for Annual Deposition Measurements ...........................................................14

Application of Annual Deposition Confidence Limits for Rocky Mountain National Park......14

Summary and Conclusions.........................................................................................................................15

References....................................................................................................................................................16

Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................................................17

Figures

1. Colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network 

precipitation collectors and rain gages at sites CO89 and CO98 at Loch Vale, Rocky 

Mountain National Park, Colorado ............................................................................................2

2. Frequency of samples with A, B, and C Quality Rating codes for National 

Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network weekly samples 

collected at colocated sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National 

Park, water years 2010–14 ..........................................................................................................5

3. Weekly precipitation-depth, sample-volume, and inorganic nitrogen 

concentration absolute percent differences by precipitation type for colocated 

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites CO98 

and CO89, water years 2010–14..................................................................................................9

4. Weekly relative precipitation-depth and sample-volume (CO98 minus CO89) 

differences for colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National 

Trends Network sites CO98 and CO89, water years 2010–14 ..............................................10

5. Weekly relative ammonium, nitrate, and inorganic nitrogen concentration 

(CO98 minus CO89) differences for colocated National Atmospheric Deposition 

Program/National Trends Network sites CO98 and CO89, water years 2010–14 .............11
iv

Tables

1. Wet-deposition sample types collected at National Atmospheric Deposition 

Program/National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky 

Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14........................................................................6

 2. Precipitation depths measured with wet-deposition samples for colocated

sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, calendar years 

2010–14...........................................................................................................................................6

 3. Weekly colocated sampler concentration differences and results of Wilcoxon 

signed rank test for valid paired samples collected at National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98, 

water years 2010–14, and comparison to results from previous studies at other 

NADP sites from across the United States, water years 1989–2001....................................8

 4. Kruskal-Wallis test values for differences among water years 2010–14 for weekly 

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites CO89 

and CO98 ......................................................................................................................................12

 5. Water-year precipitation-weighted mean concentrations and total deposition 

values for National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network 

sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14............................................................................13

 6. Annual inorganic nitrogen deposition measured at National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National 

Park, water years 2010–14 ........................................................................................................14

 7. Calculated confidence limits for inorganic nitrogen deposition measurements at 

National Atmospheric Deposition Program site CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain 

National Park, water years 2010–14 ........................................................................................15

 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water 

years 2010–14 ..............................................................................................................................18
v

Conversion Factors

International System of Units to U.S. customary units

Multiply By To obtain

Length

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft)

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)

Area

square meter (m2

) 0.0002471 acre

hectare (ha) 2.471 acre

Volume

milliliter (mL) 0.034 ounce, liquid (oz)

liter (L) 1.057 quart (qt)

Mass

milligram (mg) 3.527 x 10–5 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

kilogram (kg) 2.205 pound avoirdupois (lb)

Load

kilogram per hectare (kg/ha) 0.892 pound per acre (lb/acre)

Datum

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Supplemental Information

Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 of the following year 

and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends.
vi

Abbreviations

Avg average

CAL Central Analytical Laboratory

cm centimeters

kg/ha kilograms per hectare

kg Ninorg/ha kilograms inorganic nitrogen per hectare

m meters

mg/L milligrams per liter

mm millimeters

mL milliliters

N nitrogen

NADP National Atmospheric Deposition Program

NDRP Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan

NH4

+ ammonium

Ninorg inorganic nitrogen

NO3

– nitrate

NTN National Trends Network

ppt precipitation

PWMC precipitation-weighted mean concentration

QR Quality Rating

RSD relative standard deviation

SD standard deviation

USGS U.S. Geological Survey
Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program 

Measurements for Colocated Sites CO89 and CO98 at 

Rocky Mountain National Park, Water Years 2010–14

By Gregory A. Wetherbee

Abstract

Atmospheric wet-deposition monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park included precipitation depth and aqueous 

chemical measurements at colocated National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) 

sites CO89 and CO98 (Loch Vale) during water years 2010–14 

(study period). The colocated sites were separated by approximately 6.5 meters horizontally and 0.5 meter in elevation, 

in accordance with NADP siting criteria. Assessment of the 

5-year record of colocated data is intended to inform management decisions pertaining to the achievement of nitrogen 

deposition reduction goals of the Rocky Mountain National 

Park Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan. 

The data at site CO98 met NADP completeness criteria 

for the first time in 29 years of operation in 2011 and then 

again in 2012. During the study period, data at site CO89 

met completeness criteria in 2012. Median weekly relative 

precipitation-depth differences between sites CO89 and CO98 

ranged from 0 to 0.25 millimeter during the study period. 

Median weekly absolute percent differences in sample volume 

ranged from 5 to 10 percent. Median relative concentration 

differences for weekly ammonium (NH4

+

) and nitrate (NO3

−

) 

concentrations were near the NADP Central Analytical Laboratory’s method detection limits and thus were considered 

small. Absolute percent differences for water-year 2010–14 

precipitation-weighted mean concentrations of NH4

+

, NO3

−

, 

and inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg) ranged from 0.0 to 25.7 percent. 

Absolute percent differences for water-year 2010–14 NH4

+

, 

NO3

−

, and Ninorg deposition ranged from 2.1 to 18.9 percent, 

3.3 to 24.5 percent, and 0.3 to 17.4 percent, respectively.

Introduction

Wet-deposition data were collected at National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network 

(NADP/NTN) monitoring site CO89 from September 29, 2009, 

to September 30, 2014. The CO89 site was colocated with 

NADP/NTN site CO98 (installed in 1983 at approximately 

3,159 meters [m] altitude, 40.2878 degrees north latitude, 

105.6628 degrees west longitude, in the Loch Vale Watershed 

[Loch Vale] of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado). The 

last sample collected at site CO89 was on September 30, 2014, 

which was the day the collector was removed from the site.

Sites CO89 and CO98 included a rain gage to measure 

precipitation depth and a precipitation collector to capture 

samples for chemical analysis. The collectors were spaced 

approximately 6.2 m apart horizontally and within 0.5 m 

vertically. The rain gages were spaced approximately 6.5 m 

apart horizontally and within 0.5 m vertically, in compliance 

with NADP siting criteria (National Atmospheric Deposition 

Program, 2014).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in the weekly 

composite wet-deposition samples from the paired collectors 

were evaluated along with continuous precipitation-depth 

records from the paired rain gages. Comparison of monitoring 

records from the colocated equipment allowed variability in 

NADP measurements at the site to be assessed for these two 

sites during 2009–14. In addition, variability calculated for the 

CO89 and CO98 colocated site data was compared to variability calculated for other colocated sites in the NADP/NTN 

monitoring network from across the United States.

Purpose and Scope

This report presents an evaluation of wet-deposition data 

quality, including completeness, bias, and variability, based 

on data collected during water years 2010–14 (study period) 

at colocated NADP sites CO89 and CO98. Water years begin 

on October 1 and end on September 30 of the following year, 

and the latter determines the enumeration. Monitoring reports 

for the National Park Service (NPS) Nitrogen Deposition 

Reduction Plan (NDRP) (National Park Service, 2007) present 

results on a calendar year basis, but monitoring data for the 

CO89 site were collected for 5 complete water years, not complete calendar years (Morris and others, 2015). This overall 

assessment of data quality and variability is intended to inform 

natural resource management under the NDRP. 

Analysis of NADP data variability for ammonium 

(NH4

+

), nitrate (NO3

−

), and inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg) concentration (chemical parameters) and sample volume and 
2 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

\\IGSKAHCMVSFS002\Pubs_Common\Jeff\den16_hwde00_0032_sir_wetherbee\report_figures\figure_01.ai

A B

CO89

CO98 CO89

CO98

Niwot Saddle (3,520) Sugarloaf (2,524)

Pawnee (1,641)

Fort Collins

DENVER

Base from National Park Service, Air Resources

Division digital data, August, 2009

Lambert Conformal Conic projection

Standard parallels 33° N. and 45° N.

Central meridian 105°30' W.

North American Datum of 1983

0 50 100 MILES

0 50 100 KILOMETERS

Colorado Ri ver

Loch Vale (3,159)

Beaver Meadows (2,490)

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

NATIONAL PARK

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

NATIONAL PARK

COLORADO

WYOMING

UTAH

NEW MEXICO

NEBRASKA

0 2.5 5 MILES

0 5 KILOMETERS 2.5

109°

41°

108° 107° 106° 105° 104° 103° 102°

40°

39°

38°

37°

105°50'

40°30'

40°20'

40°10'

105°40' 105°30'

EXPLANATION

National Atmospheric Depostion

 Program site and elevation—

 Elevation in meters

Loch Vale (3,159)

Figure 1. Location of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) site for the Loch Vale Watershed and photographs of the 

colocated NADP/National Trends Network (A) precipitation collectors and (B) rain gages at sites CO89 and CO98 at Loch Vale, Rocky 

Mountain National Park, Colorado. Map modified from National Park Service (2011).
Introduction 3

precipitation depth (physical parameters) are included in this 

report. Chemical concentrations and sample volumes for 

weekly wet-deposition samples for water years 2010–14 were 

accessed at http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/NTN/ntnData.aspx

(National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2016a), but 

2014 data, although quality-assured and considered final by 

the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL), were not available 

online in time for this report. Water-year 2014 results were 

obtained from Mark Rhodes (National Atmospheric Deposition Program Office, written commun., January 30, 2015), and 

those data were officially released in October 2015. Precipitation records for the study period, in 15-minute and daily 

increments, were accessed at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/siteOps/

ppt/default.aspx on January 19, 2016 (National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program, 2016b). The NADP calculated weekly 

precipitation amounts from the 15-minute rain gage records 

using sample start and end times recorded by the site operators 

for CO89 and CO98. Variability and bias were evaluated on a 

weekly and annual (water year) basis. Precipitation-weighted 

mean concentrations and annual deposition values calculated 

on a water-year basis by NADP were obtained from the NADP 

Web site on January 11, 2016 (National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2016a). 

Quantification of data variability is important for interpretation of monitoring data with respect to the glidepath 

approach prescribed by the NDRP. The glidepath represents a 

linear reduction of Ninorg wet deposition starting with 3.0 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha), measured in 2006, and ending with 

the accepted critical load of 1.5 kg/ha (Baron, 2006) projected 

for attainment in 2032. In late 2015, the NPS Air Resources 

Division requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 

provide estimation and explanation of confidence limits for 

annual Ninorg deposition measurements using the colocated 

measurements from sites CO89/CO98. This report concludes 

with a discussion of application of the results with respect to 

the NDRP glidepath goals for Ninorg wet deposition.

Methods

Field and laboratory procedures were identical for the CO89 

and CO98 official NADP/NTN sites during the study period. 

All samples were analyzed by the CAL in Champaign, Illinois. 

Weekly composite sample-collection and quality-assurance 

methods were provided by Dossett and Bowersox (1999). Sample 

analysis methods are available on the CAL Web site at http://

nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/cal/summary_of_procedures.html (accessed 

February 23, 2015). Quality-assurance results for the CAL were 

accessed at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/lib/qaReports.aspx (accessed 

February 23, 2015). Data used for this report are listed in the 

appendix (table 1–1).

Variability in solute concentration, sample volume, and 

precipitation depth was determined using weekly paired samples flagged with Quality Rating (QR) codes of “A” and “B”; 

samples flagged with the “C” qualifying QR code for chemical 

concentrations were not used. The A-coded samples were 

considered to be valid and useable without limitations, B-coded 

samples had an unknown but valid quality rating, and C-coded 

samples were considered invalid. The QR codes were applicable to the chemical concentrations only. Sample volumes 

and precipitation depths were considered valid for samples 

with C-coded chemical concentrations. Therefore, all available 

sample-volume and precipitaiton-depth data were used.

The NADP completeness criteria 1 through 3 were evaluated for each site on a calendar-year basis. Site data records 

must meet criteria 1, 2, and 3 for inclusion in NADP’s annual 

national map products as follows (National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program, 2016a):

•	 Criterion 1.—Valid samples are available for greater 

than 75 percent of summary period.

•	 Criterion 2.—Precipitation amounts are available for 

greater than 90 percent of summary period.

•	 Criterion 3.—Valid samples are available for greater 

than 75 percent of the total precipitation amount for 

summary period.

Before 2010, a fourth criterion (Criterion 4) required at least 

75 percent of the precipitation depth recorded by the precipitation gage to be sampled by the collector, also known as 

75-percent catch efficiency. Because Criterion 4 is no longer 

applicable, data for the CO98 site, and sites at similar high 

elevations, are now more likely to meet NADP completeness 

criteria. Consequently, CO98 data met NADP completeness 

criteria for the first time in 29 years of operation in 2011 and 

then again in 2012. During the study period, CO89 data met 

the NADP completeness criteria for 2012.

The Ninorg concentrations (in milligrams per liter [mg/L] 

as nitrogen [N]) were calculated by summing weekly NH4

+

and NO3

−

 concentrations multiplied by the mole fraction of 

N for each constituent. No NH4

+

 values and only one NO3

−

concentration value were censored at less than the method 

detection limit (MDL); this single NO3

−

 value was set to the 

detection limit. Substitutions for censored values can cause 

subsequently calculated statistical values to be biased (Helsel, 

2012, p. 70–77); however, only one value was substituted for 

the entire 5-water-year record.

Paired relative differences were obtained by subtracting 

CO89 site values from CO98 site values. Paired differences 

(CO98 minus CO89) in weekly concentration, sample volume, 

and precipitation depth were compared statistically using the 

Wilcoxon signed rank test (Hollander and Wolfe, 1999) at the 

α=0.05 and α=0.1 significance levels (95- and 90-percent confidence, respectively). The R software, version 3.1.2, was used 

for all statistical determinations. Median relative differences 

in the colocated measurements were used to evaluate bias 

between the two collectors (eq. 1). Median absolute percent 

differences describe the overall measurement variability for 

the CO89/CO98 data (eq. 2).
4 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

Median relative difference M= − oi coi ( ) C C , (1)

where

M is the median of all paired differences for 

weekly sample pairs i through j, where j is 

the total number of weekly samples for the 

year;

Ccoi is the weekly sample concentration, in 

milligrams per liter; or weekly sample 

volume, in milliliters, from the CO89 wetdeposition sampler; or weekly precipitation 

depth, in millimeters, from the CO89 rain 

gage; and

Coi is the weekly sample concentration, in 

milligrams per liter; or weekly sample 

volume, in milliliters, from the CO98 wetdeposition sampler; or weekly precipitation 

depth from the CO98 rain gage, and

Median absolute difference (in percent)

= M oi coi

oi coi

C C

C C

−

−

2

100 



 





























×

, (2)

where

M is the median of all paired differences for 

weekly sample pairs i through j, where j is 

the total number of weekly samples for the 

year;

Ccoi is the weekly sample concentration, in 

milligrams per liter; or weekly sample 

volume, in milliliters, from the CO89 wetdeposition sampler; or weekly precipitation 

depth, in millimeters, from the CO89 rain 

gage; and

Coi is the weekly sample concentration, in 

milligrams per liter; or weekly sample 

volume, in milliliters, from the CO98 wetdeposition sampler; or weekly precipitation 

depth from the CO98 rain gage.

The following equation is used to calculate the water-year 

precipitation-weighted mean concentrations (PWMCs):

Water-year PWMC (milligrams per liter)

w w

w

w

ppt C

ppt



( ) ×   ∑  1

1

w

∑

























=

, (3)

where

pptw is the weekly precipitation depth associated 

with weekly composite samples, in 

centimeters;

Cw is the chemical constituent concentrations, in 

milligrams per liter, for weekly composite 

samples; and 

w is the number of weeks with samples and 

associated precipitation depths.

The following equation is used to calculate water-year 

total deposition using the PWMCs:

Water-year total constituent deposition

(kilograms per hectare)

=PWMC× × water-yr total ppt 0 1. , (4)

where

PWMC is the water-year precipitation-weighted 

mean concentration, in milligrams per liter 

(eq. 3); 

pptwater-yr total is the total precipitation depth measured 

by precipitation gage for water year, in 

centimeters; and 

0.1 is the conversion factor.

Absolute percent differences in water-year PWMC and totaldeposition values were calculated with respect to the average 

of the CO89 and CO98 site values, similar to equation 2:

 

Water-year total deposition absolute percent difference

ValCO CO

CO CO

98 89

98 89

2

100 −

 +



 





























× Val

Val Val =

, (5)

where

ValCO98 is the water-year PWMC, in milligrams per 

liter, or total deposition estimated from site 

CO98 record, in kilograms per hectare; and

ValCO89 is the water-year PWMC, in milligrams per 

liter, or total deposition estimated from site 

CO89 record, in kilograms per hectare.

Variability in water-year Ninorg deposition was determined 

for values obtained from NADP at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/

cal/ (accessed January 15, 2016). Two-sample means and 

standard deviations were calculated for each pair of water-year 

Ninorg deposition measurements . Relative standard deviation (RSD) values were calculated for each of the 5 water 

years by dividing the two-sample standard deviations by the 

two-sample means as follows. First, the standard deviation of 

water-year deposition (SDwy) is calculated as

SDwy

CO98 CO89 = ( ) D D− 2

2 , (6)

where

DCO89 is the inorganic N deposition at CO89 for a 

water year, in kilograms per hectare; and
Evaluation of Colocated Measurements 5

DCO98 is the inorganic N deposition at CO98 for a 

water year, in kilograms per hectare.

Next, the RSD is calculated as

RSD

SD

D (percent) wy = × 100 , (7)

where

SDwy is the standard deviation of water-year 

deposition (eq. 6) and

D is the mean of DCO89 and DCO98 for a water 

year.

Two measurements are considered significantly different 

if their confidence intervals do not overlap. Confidence limits 

for annual Ninorg deposition measurements and critical load 

goals were estimated using the following equation:

D D Z RSD CL measured

Avg = × − × 













 − 1

100 1 α

, (8)

where

DCL is the confidence limit at significance level of 

α for measured deposition, in kilograms 

per hectare;

Dmeasured is the measured inorganic nitrogen deposition 

or hypothetical deposition goal, in 

kilograms per hectare;

Z is 1.282 for one-tailed, 90-percent confidence 

(α=0.10) limits; and

RSDAvg is the average RSD of inorganic N deposition 

for 5 water years (eq. 7).

Evaluation of Colocated Measurements

The NADP updates its databases as quality-assurance 

information is obtained and new data-management policies are adopted. Previous USGS cooperator reports to NPS 

used various quality indicator fields from the CAL database 

to make preliminary determinations of sample validity 

(for example, Morris and others, 2015). Since 2014, these 

indicators have been enveloped into QR codes A, B, and C 

assigned to the sample data by the NADP. Therefore, percentages of valid samples, precipitation amounts, and other 

quality indicators are updated herein compared to previous 

cooperator reports provided by USGS to the NPS for this 

monitoring activity.

An inventory of wet-deposition samples collected at 

CO89 and CO98 for water years 2010–14 indicates that the 

proportion of the total number of collected A-coded samples 

increased for water years 2012–13 compared to 2010–11 

for both sites, while the proportion of C-coded samples 

declined for both sites (fig. 2 , table 1). The proportion of 

C-coded samples collected at CO98 increased for water 

years 2012–14 compared to 2010–11. The NADP assigns 

“Inval” codes to data to denote reasons for data invalidation (National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2016a). 

Based on “Inval” code assignments, the increases in C-coded 

samples for CO98 during 2012–14 were primarily due to 

extended sampling intervals greater than 8 days (5 samples), 

samples with inadequate volume (5 samples), and undefined 

reasons (17 samples).

An evaluation of data completeness by calendar year 

per NADP completeness criteria 1, 2, and 3 is summarized 

in table 2. Data for sites CO89 and CO98 met Criterion 1 in 

calendar years 2011 and 2012. Although the remote Loch Vale 

site has some of the most extreme weather conditions in the 

\\IGSKAHCMVSFS002\PubsCommon\Jeff\den16hwde000032sirwetherbee\reportfigures\figure02.ai

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Water year

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Weekly samples

Site CO98

35

Site CO89

30

25

Weekly samples

20

15

10

5

EXPLANATION

Quality Rating (QR) code

A—Valid and useable without limitations

B—Unknown but valid quality rating

C—Invalid

Figure 2. Frequency of samples with A, B, and C Quality Rating 

(QR) codes for National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National 

Trends Network weekly samples collected at colocated sites CO89 

and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 

2010–14.
6 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

Table 1. Wet-deposition sample types collected at National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends 

Network sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14.

[mL, milliliters]

Sample type descriptions Water years

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Site CO89

Dry weeks 6 0 2 3 2

Trace sample of less than 10 mL with incomplete analyses 0 2 6 3 3

Sample volume less than 35 mL, dilution required 2 1 1 2 1

Sample of approximately 35 mL or more 36 44 42 42 44

Undefined/missed 8 5 1 2 2

Site CO98

Dry weeks 6 0 3 1 1

Trace sample of less than 10 mL with incomplete analyses 1 2 3 6 8

Sample volume less than 35 mL, dilution required 1 1 2 4 3

Sample of approximately 35 mL or more 36 44 43 39 38

Undefined/missed 8 5 1 2 2

Table 2. Precipitation depths measured with wet-deposition samples for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain 

National Park, calendar years 2010–14.

[Percentages for site CO89 for all years and for site CO98 for 2014 were determined by U.S. Geological Survey and are not official National Atmospheric 

Deposition Program values. cm, centimeters; %, percent]

Calendar 

year

Precipitation depth

represented by weekly

wet-deposition samples

(cm)

Total measured

precipitation depth

(cm)

Percentage of year

represented by weekly

wet-deposition samples

(Criterion 1: 75%)

Percentage of total

annual precipitation

depth record obtained1

(Criterion 2: 90%)

Percentage of total annual

precipitation depth

represented by weekly 

wet-deposition samples

(Criterion 3: 75%)

Site CO89

2010 129.4 135.4 69 99 80

2011 121.2 173.2 81 100 70

2012 69.2 91.5 77 100 76

2013 81.2 140.4 72 99 58

2014 104.7 152.0 63 96 2

69

Site CO98

2010 82.9 132.0 69 100 62

2011 113.3 187.0 81 100 86

2012 77.3 91.4 85 100 86

2013 80.7 140.8 66 100 57

2014 102.7 152.5 61 96.2 51

1

Based on substitution of missing records between gages for approximately 60 days during 2013.

2

Partial year due to discontinued sampling in October 2014.
Evaluation of Measurement Bias and Variability 7

NADP/NTN (Baron and Mast, 1992), the sample collection 

for 20 of the 32 years of CO98 operation was greater than 75 

percent complete (Criterion 1).

The precipitation-gage data fell short of Criterion 2 (90 

percent) during 2011 and 2013. Any NADP-approved rain 

gage within 30 m of a collector may be used to collect precipitation record for an NADP site (National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2014); therefore, measured precipitation depths 

were substituted for missing records between the CO89 and 

CO98 gages to obtain more complete records for each gage, 

primarily during 2011 and 2013. Precipitation records were 

substituted between the gages for only a few days in 2011, but 

during 2013, records were substituted approximately 37 days 

during April–June 2013, 20 days during August 2013, and 3 

days during December 2013.

During 2010–14, Criterion 3 (75 percent of precipitation 

depth represented by valid samples) was met for site CO89 

in 2010 and 2012 only and for CO98 in 2011 and 2012 only. 

Data for site CO98 met Criterion 3 for 21 of 31 years of operation. The site CO98 data met all of the NADP completeness 

criteria for the first time in 28 years of operation in 2011 and 

then again in 2012.

Criterion 4, which required that the annual collector catch 

efficiency to be at least 75 percent for the entire calendar year, 

has not been required by NADP since 2009. Catch efficiency 

is calculated using the following equation:

Catch efficiency

Collector precipitation depth

Rain-gage precipitation depth





 



 = ×100, (9)

Excluding Criterion 4, the CO98 site would have met all currently required NADP completeness criteria for 19 of 31 years 

during 1983–2014. Completeness criteria are used to include 

only sites with sufficient data for spatial interpolation of 

wet-deposition values in the NADP’s annual map series. Data 

are still useful for estimation of annual deposition even when 

completeness criteria are not met.

Evaluation of Measurement Bias and 

Variability

Median relative CO98-minus-CO89 (signed) differences and median absolute percent differences for the 

weekly colocated samples were calculated for water years 

2010–14 (table 3). For comparison purposes, median absolute percent differences from previous NADP colocated 

equipment studies (Wetherbee and others, 2005, table 2) 

were also included. Results of the Wilocoxon signed rank 

test identified statistically significant bias between the data 

from sites CO89 and CO98. 

Bias

Weekly concentrations of NH4

+

, NO3

−

, and Ninorg usually 

were higher for site CO98 than site CO89. Median differences 

in weekly NH4

+

 concentration values were not significantly 

different from zero (Wilcoxon signed rank test at α=0.10) in 

water years 2010–13 but were significantly different from zero 

in water year 2014 (table 3). Median relative differences for 

weekly NO3

−

 and Ninorg concentration values were significantly 

different from zero in water years 2010, 2011, and 2014 but 

not in water years 2012 and 2013. Weekly median relative 

sample volume and precipitation-depth differences were significantly different from zero in water years 2010, 2012, and 

2013 but not in water years 2011 and 2014 (Wilcoxon signed 

rank test at α=0.10).

Statistically significant differences in weekly precipitation depths ranged from 0 to −0.25 millimeter (table 3). 

Median weekly relative concentration differences for NH4

+

and NO3

−

 concentrations were similar to CAL’s method detection limits, which ranged from 0.005 to 0.016 mg/L for NH4

+

and from 0.004 to 0.025 mg/L for NO3

−

 during 2010–13. The 

exception is the median NO3

−

 concentration difference during 

2014, which was more than two times the method detection 

limit for 2013 (0.025 mg/L).

Variability

Median weekly absolute differences were all 11 percent 

or less for all parameters (table 3). Median absolute differences for weekly NH4

+

 and NO3

−

 concentrations were less 

than the median absolute differences for 41 colocated sites 

across the United States (Wetherbee and others, 2005) except 

for NO3

−

 concentrations in water year 2014. Median absolute 

percent differences for weekly sample volumes were approximately 2 to 3 times higher for the CO89 and CO98 sites 

compared to the median absolute differences for 41 colocated 

sites across the United States. This outcome was not unexpected considering the snowy and windy conditions at Loch 

Vale, which are extreme relative to all of the other sites 

included in the USGS colocated sampler program (Wetherbee and others, 2005). Wind-blown snow is typically subject 

to undercatch by precipitation gages and sample collectors 

(Weiss, 1961; Yang and others, 1998; Fassnacht, 2004). More 

variability in sample precipitation-depth and sample-volume 

differences for weeks with only snow than for weeks with 

only rain was noted (fig. 3).

Data distributions for weekly sample-volume and 

precipitation-depth differences were noted by water year 

(fig. 4). Median weekly absolute differences ranged from 

7.3 to 39.4 mL (5 to 10 percent) for sample volume and from 

0 to 0.25 millimeter (0 to 0.3 percent) for precipitation depth. 

Data distributions for weekly concentration differences were 

noted by water year (fig. 5) Weekly NH4

+

 concentration differences have low variability, but several outside values for 

NO3

−

 concentration differences were greater than 0.5 mg/L. 
8 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

Table 3. Weekly colocated sampler concentration differences and results of Wilcoxon signed rank test for valid paired 

samples collected at National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98, water 

years 2010–14, and comparison to results from previous studies at other NADP sites from across the United States, water years 

1989–2001.

[Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 of the following year and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. 

NH4

+

, ammonium; NO3

−

, nitrate; Ninorg, inorganic nitrogen; mg/L, milligram per liter; <, less than; mL, milliliters; mm, millimeter; p-value, probability 

of incorrectly concluding that the median difference is zero; --, no data. Shaded values identify significant differences at α=0.10]

Water

year

Parameter

(units)

Weekly median

relative difference

(units)

Median of weekly 

absolute differences

(percent) 

Wilcoxon signed 

rank test for weekly 

pairs

(p-value)

Median absolute 

differences for 41 

colocated sampler 

sites from across 

the United States 

(1989–2001)

(percent)1

2010 NH4

+

 (mg/L) 2 0.003 11 0.2020 11.3

2011 NH4

+

 (mg/L) 2 0.004 11 0.3778 11.3

2012 NH4

+

 (mg/L) 2 0.005 7 0.7897 11.3

2013 NH4

+

 (mg/L) 2 0.004 7 0.4889 11.3

2014 NH4

+

 (mg/L) 2 0.004 8 0.0557 11.3

2010 NO3

−

 (mg/L) 2 0.036 6 0.0014 10.4

2011 NO3

−

 (mg/L) 2 0.032 8 0.0001 10.4

2012 NO3

−

 (mg/L) 2 0.013 7 0.7366 10.4

2013 NO3

−

 (mg/L) 2 0.006 7 0.3764 10.4

2014 NO3

−

 (mg/L) 2 0.056 11 <0.0001 10.4

2010 Ninorg (mg/L) 0.017 8 0.0050 --

2011 Ninorg (mg/L) 0.011 9 0.0218 --

2012 Ninorg (mg/L) 0.008 5 0.5017 --

2013 Ninorg (mg/L) 0.006 6 0.8512 --

2014 Ninorg (mg/L) 0.014 9 0.0033 --

2010 Sample volume (mL) 11.7 7 0.0798 3.2

2011 Sample volume (mL) 18.7 10 0.1024 3.2

2012 Sample volume (mL) 39.4 8 <0.0001 3.2

2013 Sample volume (mL) 21.8 8 0.0037 3.2

2014 Sample volume (mL) 7.3 5 0.7498 3.2

2010 Precipitation depth (mm) –0.25 0 0.0199 3.8

2011 Precipitation depth (mm) 0 0 0.3943 3.8

2012 Precipitation depth (mm) 0 0 0.0592 3.8

2013 Precipitation depth (mm) 0 0.3 0.0438 3.8

2014 Precipitation depth (mm) 0 0.3 0.4150 3.8

1

Wetherbee and others, 2005.

2

Ranges of method detection limits: ammonium, 0.005–0.016 mg/L; nitrate, 0.004–0.025 mg/L.
Evaluation of Measurement Bias and Variability 9

\\IGSKAHCMVSFS002\Pubs_Common\Jeff\den16_hwde00_0032_sir_wetherbee\report_figures\figure_03.ai Inorganic nitrogen concentration

0 10 20 30 40 50

Site CO98 precipitation depth, in millimeters

60 70 80 90

140

160

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Sample volume

Weekly absolute percent differences

150

120

90

60

30

0

75

60

Precipitation depth

45

30

15

0

EXPLANATION

Rain

Snow

Mixed

Undefined

Figure 3. Weekly precipitation-depth, sample-volume, and inorganic 

nitrogen concentration absolute percent differences by precipitation type 

for colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends 

Network sites CO98 and CO89, water years 2010–14.
10 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

Figure 4. Weekly relative precipitation-depth and sample-volume (CO98 minus CO89) differences 

for colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites CO98 and 

CO89, water years 2010–14.

\\IGSKAHCMVSFS002\Pubs_Common\Jeff\den16_hwde00_0032_sir_wetherbee\report_figures\figure_04.ai

Weekly precipitation-depth differences, in millimeters

Weekly sample-volume differences, in milliliters

EXPLANATION

75th percentile

Largest value within 1.5 times

 interquartile range above

 75th percentile

Smallest value within 1.5 times

 interquartile range below

 25th percentile

Outside value

Outside value

50th percentile

(median)

Interquartile

range

25th percentile

20

0

−20

−40

800

600

400

200

−200

−400

0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Water year
Evaluation of Measurement Bias and Variability 11

Figure 5. Weekly relative ammonium, nitrate, and inorganic nitrogen concentration 

(CO98 minus CO89) differences for colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/

National Trends Network sites CO98 and CO89, water years 2010–14.

\Pubs_Common\Jeff\den16_hwde00_0032_sir_wetherbee\report_figures\figure_05.ai

EXPLANATION

75th percentile

Largest value within 1.5 times

 interquartile range above

 75th percentile

Smallest value within 1.5 times

 interquartile range below

 25th percentile

Outside value

Outside value

50th percentile

(median)

Interquartile

range

25th percentile

Inorganic nitrogen

Weekly concentration differences, in milligrams per liter

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

−0.2

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

−0.0

Nitrate Ammonium

1.0

1.5

0.5

0.0

−0.5

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Water year
12 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

The interquartile ranges for NO3

−

 concentration differences 

indicated that approximately 67 percent of the weekly 

samples exhibited concentration differences less than plus or 

minus 0.1 mg/L (fig. 5). 

The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the statistical significance among water years for weekly paired relative 

NH4

+

, NO3

−

, and Ninorg concentration, precipitation-depth, and 

sample volume differences (table 4). Significant differences 

were identified at the α=0.05 significance level for water-year 

NH4

+

 concentration relative percent difference, NO3

−

 concentration difference, and sample-volume and precipitation-depth 

differences. Significant differences were identified at the 

α=0.10 significance level for NO3

−

 concentration relative percent difference (p-value=0.0562) and Ninorg concentration difference (p-value=0.0529). No significant differences between 

water years were identified for NH4

+

 concentration differences 

(p-value=0.8140).

Water-year PWMCs, total (annual) deposition values, and 

absolute percent differences between the CO89 and CO98 values (eq. 3, 4, and 5) were calculated (table 5). PWMCs or total 

deposition amounts for NO3

−

 or Ninorg were higher for CO98 

than for CO89 for every water year except 2012 and 2013; 

however, seven weekly samples from CO89 and nine samples 

from CO98 were invalidated or missed because of equipment 

and (or) power problems, sample contamination, and a major 

flood in September 2013 that closed the park and prevented 

sample collection. Therefore, some values for water year 2013 

measurements are not representative of normal operating conditions for the colocated sites, which indicates the importance 

of operating colocated site CO89 for several years.

Observed absolute percent differences were less than 4 

percent for NH4

+

 PWMC and less than 8 percent for NH4

+

 total 

deposition for all years except 2011, when differences for all 

parameters were much higher than the rest of the study period. 

Absolute percent differences ranged from 7.0 to 25.7 percent 

for NO3

−

 PWMC and from 3.3 to 24.5 percent for NO3

−

 annual 

deposition. Absolute percent differences ranged from 2.4 to 

21.1 percent for Ninorg PWMC and from 0.3 to 17.4 percent for 

Ninorg annual deposition. Greater differences were observed 

for NO3

−

 PWMC and total deposition than for NH4

+

 and Ninorg, 

most likely because weekly NO3

−

 concentrations are higher 

than NH4

+

 concentrations, but NO3

−

 also could be less stable 

than NH4

+

 in the unpreserved wet-deposition samples. A study 

by the CAL and NADP Program Office indicated that NO3

−

concentrations were affected by sample evaporation more so 

than NH4

+

 concentrations in controlled experiments (Rhodes 

and others, 2011; Mark Rhodes, written commun., 2015). 

Greater differences can also result from sample contamination.

Table 4. Kruskal-Wallis test values for differences among water years 2010–14 for weekly 

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98.

[df, degrees of freedom; NH4

+

, ammonium; NO3

−

, nitrate; Ninorg, inorganic nitrogen; p-value, probability 

of incorrectly concluding that the median difference is zero; <, less than. Shaded values denote statistically 

significant differences between water years at α=0.05 significance level]

Parameter Chi-squared df p-value1

NH4

+

 concentration relative percent difference 11.8 4 0.0187

NH4

+

 concentration difference 1.57 4 0.8140

NO3

−

 concentration relative percent difference 9.20 4 0.0562

NO3

−

 concentration difference 19.7 4 <0.0001

Ninorg concentration relative percent difference 9.35 4 0.0529

Ninorg concentration difference 8.06 4 0.0893

Precipitation-depth relative percent difference 10.7 4 0.0307

Precipitation-depth difference 14.2 4 0.0066

Sample-volume relative percent difference 13.6 4 0.0085

Sample-volume difference 13.1 4 0.0109

1

null hypothesis: There is no difference among water years with respect to weekly concentration, precipitationdepth, and sample-volume differences.
Evaluation of Measurement Bias and Variability 13

Table 5. Water-year precipitation-weighted mean concentrations and total deposition values for 

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites CO89 and CO98, water 

years 2010–14.

[PWMC, precipitation-weighted mean concentration; mg/L, milligrams per liter; kg/ha, kilograms per hectare; NH4

+

, 

ammonium; NO3

−

, nitrate; Ninorg, inorganic nitrogen]

Analyte

Water-year PWMC

(mg/L)

Water-year 

PWMC absolute 

differences

(percent)

Water-year total deposition

(kg/ha)

Water-year total 

deposition absolute differences

CO89 CO98 CO89 CO98 (percent)

Water year 2010

NH4

+ 0.148 0.143 3.4 1.81 1.68 7.4

NO3

− 0.568 0.609 7.0 6.94 7.17 3.3

Ninorg 0.243 0.249 2.4 2.97 2.93 1.4

Water year 2011

NH4

+ 0.103 0.129 22.4 1.58 1.91 18.9

NO3

− 0.491 0.600 20.0 7.52 8.89 16.7

Ninorg 0.191 0.236 21.1 2.93 3.49 17.4

Water year 2012

NH4

+ 0.175 0.171 2.3 1.77 1.68 5.2

NO3

− 0.638 0.589 8.0 6.46 5.77 11.3

Ninorg 0.280 0.266 5.1 2.84 2.61 8.4

Water year 2013

NH4

+ 0.256 0.247 3.6 3.33 3.26 2.1

NO3

− 0.782 0.604 25.7 10.18 7.96 24.5

Ninorg 0.376 0.329 13.3 4.89 4.33 12.1

Water year 2014

NH4

+ 0.146 0.146 0.0 2.11 2.02 4.4

NO3

− 0.414 0.458 10.1 5.97 6.34 6.0

Ninorg 0.207 0.217 4.7 2.99 3.00 0.3
14 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

Table 6. Annual inorganic nitrogen deposition measured at National Atmospheric Deposition Program sites CO89 

and CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14.

[kg N/ha, kilograms of inorganic nitrogen per hectare; RSDAvg, average relative standard deviation; MAD, median absolute difference]

Water

year

Deposition

(kg N/ha)

Absolute

difference

(kg N/ha)

Mean

deposition

(kg N/ha)

Deposition

standard deviation

(kg N/ha)

Relative

standard deviation

CO89 CO98 (percent)

2010 2.97 2.93 0.04 2.95 0.028 1.0

2011 2.93 3.49 0.56 3.21 0.396 12.3

2012 2.84 2.61 0.23 2.72 0.163 6.0

2013 4.89 4.33 0.56 4.61 0.396 8.6

2014 2.99 3.00 0.01 3.00 0.007 0.2

RSDAvg 5.6

MAD (kg N/ha) 0.23

Confidence Limits for Annual Deposition 

Measurements

Deposition of Ninorg was calculated for water years 2010–

14 (table 6). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) between the 

two gages were less than 10 percent for all water years except 

2011, when the RSD was 12.3 percent. The average RSD

(RSDAvg) for the 5 water years was 5.6 percent. 

Application of Annual Deposition Confidence 

Limits for Rocky Mountain National Park

The NDRP requires comparison of annual Ninorg wetdeposition measurements at site CO98 to pentennial wetdeposition goals along a 25-year glidepath beginning in 2006 

and ending in 2032 (National Park Service, 2007). Annual 

Ninorg measurements at sites CO89 and CO98 for water years 

2010–14 were used to calculate confidence limits for future 

site CO98 Ninorg measurements. The confidence limits provide 

a means to determine when NDRP wet-deposition goals are 

met or exceeded.

Calculated confidence limits for Ninorg deposition goals for 

the NDRP glidepath are listed in table 7. Results in table 7 are 

calculated by substituting the measured deposition for 2006 

and the pentennial goals of the glidepath for Ninorg deposition 

into equation 8. Significance was evaluated as a one-tail test 

to estimate confidence in measuring the exceedance of Ninorg

deposition goals, such as the pentennial glidepath goals, 

including the accepted critical load of 1.5 kg/ha.

Repeating the calculations using a Z value for the α=0.05 

significance level (95-percent confidence) does not change 

the upper and lower confidence limit estimates for a deposition value of 1.5 kg N/ha for Ninorg (1.4 kg N/ha and 1.6 kg/ha, 

respectively), but estimates for other glidepath goals in years 

2012–27 increase by 0.1 kg N/ha. For example, in the year 

2017, the 90-percent lower and upper confidence limits for a 

deposition measurement goal of 2.4 kg N/ha are 2.2 kg N/ha 

and 2.6 kg N/ha, respectively (table 7), and the 95-percent 

(α=0.05) confidence limits are 2.3 kg N/ha and 2.7 kg N/ha, 

respectively (not shown).

The confidence limits for the site CO98 measurements 

of annual Ninorg could change in response to site instrumentation changes; variability in site equipment maintenance; and 

potential changes in sample handling, processing, shipping, 

and chemical analysis. These may be important considerations 

because the NDRP is projected to operate for another 16 

years, during which instrumentation will likely be refurbished 

or replaced, and different personnel will be responsible for 

the program’s implementation. Changes in data-collection 

protocols and (or) instrumentation could necessitate another 

colocated site study to re-evaluate measurement variability.
Summary and Conclusions 15

Summary and Conclusions

Measurements of precipitation depths and wet-deposition 

sample volumes and concentrations were conducted at colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National 

Trends Network (NADP/NTN) monitoring sites CO89 and 

CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, during 

water years 2010–14. The CO98 data met required NADP 

completeness criteria for the first time in 29 years of operation 

in 2011 and then again in 2012, and the CO89 data met the 

criteria in 2012; however, results are still valid and useful for 

estimation of annual deposition even in years when current 

completeness criteria are not met.

Median weekly relative precipitation-depth differences were small, ranging from 0 to 0.25 millimeter during 

the September 29, 2009–September 30, 2014 study period. 

Median weekly absolute percent differences in sample volume 

ranged from 5 to 10 percent. Median relative concentration 

differences for weekly ammonium (NH4

+

) and nitrate (NO3

−

) 

concentrations were near the method detection limits (MDLs) 

of the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL), which ranged 

from 0.005 to 0.016 milligram per liter (mg/L) for NH4

+

 and 

from 0.004 to 0.025 mg/L for NO3

−

 during 2010–13; however, 

the median NO3

−

 concentration difference (0.056 mg/L) in 

water year 2014 was more than two times the CAL’s MDL 

for 2013. More variability in precipitation-depth and samplevolume differences was observed for weeks with snow only 

than for weeks with rain only. Absolute percent differences for 

all parameters were similar to previously published values for 

41 colocated sites located throughout the NTN.

Water-year precipitation-weighted mean concentrations 

(PWMCs) for NO3

−

 or inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg) were higher, 

and total annual deposition amounts were greater for site 

CO98 than for site CO89 for every water year except 2012 and 

2013; however, data for water year 2013 were affected by a 

major flood that closed the park and prevented access for routine sample collection. Absolute percent differences for NH4

+

, 

NO3

−

, and Ninorg PWMCs ranged from 0.0 to 25.7 percent. 

Absolute percent differences for NH4

+

, NO3

−

, and Ninorg wateryear deposition ranged from 0.3 to 24.5 percent.

The average relative standard deviation for the five replicate measurements of annual Ninorg deposition was 5.6 percent. 

Confidence limits for measurement of Ninorg deposition goals 

along the glidepath of the Rocky Mountain National Park 

Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan (NDRP) were calculated. Estimated 90-percent (α=0.10) and 95-percent (α=0.05) 

confidence limits for the inorganic nitrogen critical load of 

1.5 kilograms per hectare (kg N/ha) are 1.4 kg N/ha and 

1.6 kg N/ha for the upper and lower limits, respectively. 

Results presented herein are for water years 2010–14 

because data for the CO89 site were collected for 5 complete water years, not calendar years. Analysis by water 

years allowed for better comparison of results for 2013, 

when the monitoring data were relatively incomplete. The 

NDRP presents results on a calendar-year basis. Therefore, 

this assessment of data quality and variability is intended for 

general interpretation of monitoring data for the NDRP.

Table 7. Calculated confidence limits for inorganic nitrogen deposition measurements at National 

Atmospheric Deposition Program site CO98, Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 

2010–14.

[Ninorg, inorganic nitrogen; kg N/ha, kilograms of inorganic nitrogen per hectare]

Year

Ninorg deposition

measurement and goals

(kg N/ha)

90% Lower confidence limit

(value is exceeded)1

(kg N/ha)

90% Upper confidence limit

(value is not exceeded)1

(kg N/ha)

2006 2

3.0 2.8 3.2

2012 2.7 2.5 2.9

2017 2.4 2.2 2.6

2022 2.1 1.9 2.3

2027 1.8 1.7 1.9

2032 1.5 1.4 1.6

1

One-tailed estimate at α=0.10 significance level.

2

Measured for calendar year 2006.
16 Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements at Rocky Mountain National Park

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Publishing support provided by: 

Denver Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning this publication, contact:

Chief, USGS Branch of Quality Systems

Box 25046, Mail Stop 401

Denver, CO 80225

(303) 236-1835

Or visit the Branch of Quality Systems Web site at:

http://bqs.usgs.gov/
Appendix 1
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 9/29/2009 10/6/2009 1.714 0.127 0.091 0.11 0.245 0.788 0.369 0.145 0.657 7.33 13 973.5 27.18 2

CO89 10/6/2009 10/13/2009 0.24 0.038 0.021 0.118 0.207 0.946 0.375 0.169 0.581 5.35 6.8 423.2 27.18 2

CO89 10/13/2009 10/20/2009 0.063 0.008 0.011 0.022 0.069 0.423 0.149 0.032 0.323 5.14 4.8 954.5 17.53 1

CO89 10/20/2009 10/27/2009 0.305 0.029 0.019 0.034 0.202 1.038 0.392 0.057 0.444 5.6 5.7 656.9 21.08 2

CO89 10/27/2009 11/3/2009 0.061 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.018 0.242 0.069 0.013 0.078 5.47 2.2 1334.3 42.16 4

CO89 11/3/2009 11/10/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0.25 

CO89 11/10/2009 11/17/2009 0.243 0.018 0.015 0.02 0.187 0.645 0.291 0.042 0.425 5.75 4.3 887.8 24.64 2

CO89 11/17/2009 11/24/2009 0.179 0.016 0.014 0.082 0.072 0.689 0.212 0.056 0.253 5.55 4.2 318 16.26 1

CO89 11/24/2009 12/1/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO89 12/1/2009 12/8/2009 0.07 0.007 0.005 0.024 0.074 0.517 0.174 0.027 0.09 5.45 3.1 1327.1 32.77 3

CO89 12/8/2009 12/15/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.6 60.71 6

CO89 12/15/2009 12/22/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 5.84 

CO89 12/22/2009 12/29/2009 0.046 0.007 0.038 0.012 0.099 0.611 0.215 0.024 0.186 5.27 4.7 314.3 29.21 2

CO89 12/29/2009 1/5/2010 0.062 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.026 0.548 0.144 0.045 0.188 5.04 5.9 28 22.35 2

CO89 1/5/2010 1/12/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 15.24 1

CO89 1/12/2010 1/19/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0.25 

CO89 1/19/2010 1/26/2010 0.046 0.005 0.02 0.027 0.07 0.213 0.103 0.059 0.075 5.35 2.7 50.8 22.35 2

CO89 1/26/2010 2/2/2010 0.032 0.002 0.003 0.009 0.138 0.871 0.304 0.026 0.088 5.17 5.4 368.8 13.46 1

CO89 2/2/2010 2/9/2010 0.054 0.005 0.004 0.019 0.205 1.267 0.446 0.037 0.381 4.72 10 187.1 9.65 

CO89 2/9/2010 2/16/2010 0.097 0.008 0.006 0.023 0.094 0.422 0.168 0.029 0.257 5.44 3.6 73.3 27.43 2

CO89 2/16/2010 2/23/2010 0.082 0.009 0.011 0.025 0.067 0.418 0.147 0.035 0.165 5.46 3.8 1484.7 37.34 3

CO89 2/23/2010 3/2/2010 0.034 0.003 0.004 0.008 0.042 1.492 0.37 0.06 0.095 4.7 11.2 376.3 8.64 

CO89 3/2/2010 3/9/2010 0.05 0.005 0.003 0.013 0.082 0.332 0.139 0.031 0.28 5.19 4 116.3 23.88 2

CO89 3/9/2010 3/16/2010 0.09 0.008 0.006 0.012 0.866 1.194 0.943 0.023 0.813 6.13 7.9 359.2 11.43 1

CO89 3/16/2010 3/23/2010 0.102 0.01 0.006 0.017 0.112 0.566 0.215 0.025 0.135 5.5 3.2 1222.3 31.75 3

CO89 3/23/2010 3/30/2010 0.072 0.007 0.004 0.02 0.162 0.243 0.181 0.022 0.13 5.97 2.4 1325.2 30.48 3

CO89 3/30/2010 4/6/2010 1.168 0.068 0.04 0.036 0.098 0.314 0.147 0.036 0.337 6.75 8.4 1113.6 82.8 8

CO89 4/6/2010 4/13/2010 3.614 0.176 0.108 0.154 0.186 0.943 0.358 0.135 1.102 7.34 23.5 265.8 18.54 1

CO89 4/13/2010 4/20/2010 0.162 0.021 0.009 0.022 0.194 0.859 0.345 0.043 0.444 4.9 8.9 184.3 5.33 

CO89 4/20/2010 4/27/2010 0.1 0.013 0.006 0.019 0.103 0.319 0.152 0.024 0.236 5.63 3 2465.5 68.83 6

CO89 5/4/2010 5/11/2010 1.446 0.135 0.074 0.193 0.379 1.688 0.676 0.153 1.186 6.42 14.2 728.7 25.4 2

CO89 5/11/2010 5/18/2010 0.874 0.046 0.048 0.041 0.08 0.412 0.155 0.036 0.32 6.69 6.6 3458.6 74.42 7

CO89 6/8/2010 6/15/2010 0.179 0.017 0.023 0.031 0.131 0.408 0.194 0.053 0.265 5.84 3.7 3436.8 54.86 5
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 6/29/2010 7/6/2010 0.244 0.024 0.036 0.014 0.123 1.348 0.4 0.064 0.52 4.65 11.5 589.4 9.14 

CO89 7/6/2010 7/13/2010 0.149 0.022 0.026 0.065 0.193 0.764 0.323 0.105 0.423 5.15 6.1 1965.7 31.5 3

CO89 7/13/2010 7/20/2010 0.373 0.042 0.04 0.066 0.421 1.209 0.601 0.124 0.646 5.83 7.4 790.6 11.68 1

CO89 7/20/2010 7/27/2010 0.24 0.027 0.03 0.04 0.252 1.061 0.436 0.071 0.438 5.27 6.7 -- 12.7 1

CO89 7/27/2010 8/3/2010 0.06 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.172 0.628 0.276 0.028 0.281 5.04 5.8 4709 71.12 7

CO89 8/3/2010 8/10/2010 0.05 0.006 0.01 0.014 0.194 0.779 0.327 0.043 0.343 4.96 7 -- 32.26 3

CO89 8/10/2010 8/17/2010 0.037 0.005 0.01 0.013 0.03 0.198 0.068 0.023 0.217 5.17 3.4 481.7 7.37 

CO89 8/17/2010 8/24/2010 0.082 0.01 0.01 0.016 0.092 0.406 0.163 0.03 0.222 5.31 3.6 483.2 8.89 

CO89 8/24/2010 8/31/2010 0.088 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.092 0.61 0.209 0.033 0.31 5.07 5.5 388.8 5.84 

CO89 9/7/2010 9/14/2010 0.024 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.067 0.21 0.1 0.019 0.133 5.34 3 797.7 11.43 1

CO89 9/21/2010 9/28/2010 0.076 0.008 0.007 0.02 0.076 0.422 0.154 0.037 0.199 5.4 3.7 941.7 15.49 1

CO89 10/5/2010 10/12/2010 0.079 0.008 0.012 0.008 0.197 0.426 0.249 0.022 0.432 5.42 4.4 1583.3 31.5 3

CO89 10/12/2010 10/19/2010 0.105 0.009 0.008 0.01 0.195 0.627 0.293 0.023 0.47 5.21 5.2 818.1 14.48 1

CO89 10/19/2010 10/26/2010 0.027 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.059 0.238 0.1 0.012 0.116 5.34 2.6 2073.3 0 3

CO89 11/9/2010 11/16/2010 0.069 0.007 0.012 0.013 0.128 1.18 0.366 0.03 0.28 4.83 7.6 185.9 37.34 3

CO89 11/16/2010 11/23/2010 0.136 0.014 0.036 0.011 0.022 0.256 0.075 0.02 0.187 5.55 2.7 148.6 48.51 4

CO89 11/23/2010 11/30/2010 0.091 0.009 0.029 0.034 0.038 0.347 0.108 0.06 0.12 5.33 3.1 94.7 20.57 2

CO89 12/14/2010 12/21/2010 0.012 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.15 0.038 0.012 0.104 5.27 2.6 785.3 122.43 12

CO89 12/21/2010 12/28/2010 0.022 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.011 0.164 0.046 0.017 0.087 5.4 2.3 92 17.02 1

CO89 12/28/2010 1/4/2011 0.059 0.005 0.011 0.004 0.086 0.676 0.22 0.016 0.184 5.15 4.9 114.2 20.57 2

CO89 1/4/2011 1/11/2011 0.011 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.089 0.474 0.176 0.017 0.202 5.08 4.6 323 24.13 2

CO89 1/11/2011 1/18/2011 0.017 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.019 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.073 5.36 2.7 567.6 60.45 6

CO89 1/18/2011 1/25/2011 0.023 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.015 0.19 0.055 0.019 0.125 5.25 3 386.9 57.4 5

CO89 1/25/2011 2/2/2011 0.036 0.004 0.004 0.01 0.083 0.668 0.215 0.024 0.225 4.94 5.8 149 5.59 

CO89 2/2/2011 2/8/2011 0.034 0.003 0.002 0.029 0.034 0.19 0.069 0.03 0.13 5.39 2.5 1188.4 0 1

CO89 2/8/2011 2/15/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.5 11.94 1

CO89 2/15/2011 2/22/2011 0.04 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.035 0.139 0.059 0.01 0.071 5.53 2 538.2 37.85 3

CO89 2/22/2011 3/1/2011 0.155 0.015 0.012 0.028 0.125 0.751 0.267 0.048 0.138 5.41 3.9 545.5 67.31 6

CO89 3/1/2011 3/8/2011 0.087 0.014 0.01 0.018 0.084 0.449 0.167 0.028 0.303 5.28 4.2 507.7 28.19 2

CO89 3/8/2011 3/15/2011 0.1 0.012 0.007 0.025 0.127 0.553 0.224 0.026 0.199 5.45 3.4 558.7 24.64 2

CO89 3/15/2011 3/22/2011 0.638 0.046 0.038 0.059 0.064 0.408 0.142 0.043 0.357 6.47 4.9 1220.8 42.93 4

CO89 3/22/2011 3/29/2011 0.129 0.016 0.008 0.021 0.053 0.352 0.121 0.029 0.249 5.49 3.1 938.1 49.78 4

CO89 3/29/2011 4/5/2011 0.356 0.037 0.047 0.026 0.147 0.653 0.262 0.059 0.399 5.96 4.5 408 60.2 6
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 4/5/2011 4/12/2011 0.133 0.015 0.023 0.033 0.122 0.395 0.184 0.05 0.336 5.54 3.6 528.6 40.64 4

CO89 4/12/2011 4/19/2011 0.14 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.222 0.553 0.298 0.03 0.423 5.58 4.3 2909.1 0 4

CO89 4/19/2011 4/26/2011 0.168 0.018 0.013 0.018 0.157 0.439 0.221 0.024 0.399 5.87 3.7 3623.9 0 5

CO89 4/26/2011 5/3/2011 0.126 0.014 0.009 0.033 0.107 0.361 0.165 0.04 0.264 5.6 3 803.3 16.51 1

CO89 5/3/2011 5/10/2011 0.789 0.09 0.024 0.084 0.193 1.407 0.468 0.102 0.791 6.22 8.3 92.5 33.02 3

CO89 5/10/2011 5/17/2011 0.229 0.033 0.014 0.034 0.175 0.277 0.199 0.046 0.325 6.05 3.6 2560.5 55.63 5

CO89 5/17/2011 5/24/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3448.5 0 5

CO89 5/24/2011 5/31/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1338.5 82.55 8

CO89 5/31/2011 6/7/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 0 

CO89 6/7/2011 6/14/2011 1.264 0.111 0.091 0.13 0.15 2.054 0.581 0.211 1.179 5.96 11.9 70 1.52 

CO89 6/14/2011 6/21/2011 0.207 0.023 0.035 0.03 0.18 0.657 0.288 0.056 0.518 5.45 5.1 2768 44.45 4

CO89 6/21/2011 6/28/2011 0.935 0.114 0.148 0.102 0.016 0.314 0.083 0.138 0.927 5.23 10.6 25 0.25 

CO89 6/28/2011 7/5/2011 0.625 0.058 0.174 0.053 0.125 0.756 0.268 0.081 0.522 6.13 6.7 1670 24.38 2

CO89 7/5/2011 7/12/2011 0.121 0.013 0.02 0.014 0.134 0.67 0.256 0.036 0.389 4.97 6.7 1263.9 19.56 1

CO89 7/12/2011 7/19/2011 0.207 0.017 0.018 0.036 0.338 1.279 0.552 0.047 0.62 5.06 8.1 2574.2 38.1 3

CO89 7/19/2011 7/26/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 39.2 0.51 

CO89 7/26/2011 8/2/2011 0.114 0.013 0.013 0.021 0.352 1.231 0.552 0.046 0.627 4.83 9.1 724.8 10.16 1

CO89 8/2/2011 8/9/2011 0.105 0.017 0.018 0.027 0.233 1.723 0.57 0.081 0.522 4.7 12.8 155.4 2.29 

CO89 8/9/2011 8/16/2011 0.391 0.042 0.031 0.059 0.306 1.369 0.547 0.077 0.721 5.35 9.2 64.8 1.02 

CO89 8/16/2011 8/23/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 332.4 4.57 

CO89 8/23/2011 8/30/2011 0.151 0.017 0.013 0.022 0.323 1.505 0.591 0.054 0.499 4.88 10 1028.2 14.99 1

CO89 8/30/2011 9/6/2011 0.193 0.024 0.028 0.043 0.25 1.027 0.426 0.084 0.569 5.16 7.3 851.4 12.19 1

CO89 9/6/2011 9/13/2011 0.01 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.026 0.27 0.081 0.009 0.136 5.11 3.6 2023.5 33.53 3

CO89 9/13/2011 9/20/2011 0.013 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.043 0.296 0.1 0.018 0.136 5.15 3.6 2079.8 36.32 3

CO89 9/20/2011 9/27/2011 0.349 0.036 0.041 0.029 0.566 1.153 0.701 0.055 0.676 6.2 7.7 83.6 1.52 

CO89 9/27/2011 10/4/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 239.2 3.3 

CO89 10/4/2011 10/11/2011 0.085 0.01 0.033 0.006 0.08 0.494 0.174 0.024 0.194 5.26 4.2 832.9 23.37 2

CO89 10/11/2011 10/18/2011 0.194 0.023 0.073 0.015 0.047 0.811 0.22 0.044 0.349 5.06 6.1 741.8 25.4 2

CO89 10/18/2011 10/25/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.3 1.52 

CO89 10/25/2011 11/1/2011 0.027 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.059 0.152 0.08 0.003 0.149 5.5 2.4 1662.6 46.99 4

CO89 11/1/2011 11/8/2011 0.065 0.007 0.007 0.013 0.141 0.536 0.231 0.013 0.193 5.48 3.4 1340.3 39.62 3

CO89 11/8/2011 11/15/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 103.6 37.34 3

CO89 11/15/2011 11/22/2011 0.131 0.014 0.01 0.054 0.106 0.439 0.182 0.03 0.299 5.65 3.3 206.3 34.04 3
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 11/22/2011 11/29/2011 0.102 0.012 0.016 0.02 0.182 0.332 0.217 0.021 0.288 5.49 3.9 69.3 10.67 1

CO89 11/29/2011 12/6/2011 0.062 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.096 0.644 0.22 0.017 0.079 5.2 4 1071.5 28.19 2

CO89 12/6/2011 12/13/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 3.05 

CO89 12/13/2011 12/20/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.8 1.27 

CO89 12/20/2011 12/27/2011 0.01 0.001 0.006 0.018 0.052 0.298 0.108 0.018 0.062 5.42 2.6 973.2 24.89 2

CO89 12/27/2011 1/3/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 37.3 15.24 1

CO89 1/3/2012 1/10/2012 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.026 0.213 0.068 0.009 0.045 5.24 2.3 715.5 15.75 1

CO89 1/10/2012 1/17/2012 0.12 0.015 0.013 0.028 0.124 0.598 0.232 0.027 0.271 5.28 4.5 194.2 18.54 1

CO89 1/17/2012 1/24/2012 0.291 0.04 0.033 0.117 0.112 0.567 0.215 0.128 0.35 5.9 4.4 121.8 56.9 5

CO89 1/24/2012 1/31/2012 0.223 0.023 0.025 0.051 0.185 0.675 0.296 0.061 0.519 5.35 5.5 108.6 13.21 1

CO89 1/31/2012 2/7/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1167.2 35.56 3

CO89 2/7/2012 2/14/2012 0.045 0.006 0.006 0.014 0.075 0.273 0.12 0.016 0.233 5.28 3.7 697.9 37.08 3

CO89 2/14/2012 2/21/2012 0.109 0.011 0.008 0.024 0.104 0.622 0.221 0.033 0.24 5.21 4.8 282.8 19.81 1

CO89 2/21/2012 2/28/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 361.1 74.93 7

CO89 2/28/2012 3/6/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 255.5 37.85 3

CO89 3/6/2012 3/13/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO89 3/13/2012 3/20/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 135.4 11.43 1

CO89 3/20/2012 3/27/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO89 3/27/2012 4/3/2012 0.319 0.037 0.025 0.066 0.591 0.686 0.615 0.056 0.481 6.55 7.1 981.3 20.32 2

CO89 4/3/2012 4/10/2012 0.258 0.026 0.011 0.043 0.237 0.462 0.289 0.067 0.221 5.88 4.5 28.7 0.51 

CO89 4/10/2012 4/17/2012 0.148 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.361 0.818 0.466 0.043 0.611 5.65 5.4 1475.9 36.07 3

CO89 4/17/2012 4/24/2012 0.087 0.013 0.005 0.009 0.078 0.278 0.123 0.023 0.236 5.54 3.1 249.6 11.43 1

CO89 4/24/2012 5/1/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 472.1 15.49 1

CO89 5/1/2012 5/8/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1103.9 27.94 2

CO89 5/8/2012 5/15/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 511.2 9.65 

CO89 5/15/2012 5/22/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 765 13.97 1

CO89 5/22/2012 5/29/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 990.6 27.43 2

CO89 5/29/2012 6/5/2012 0.508 0.062 0.12 0.031 0.043 0.657 0.182 0.079 0.411 5.8 5.2 596.7 8.89 

CO89 6/5/2012 6/12/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.1 0.25 

CO89 6/12/2012 6/19/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.51 

CO89 6/26/2012 7/3/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 549.3 9.4 

CO89 7/3/2012 7/10/2012 0.123 0.013 0.025 0.012 0.353 0.993 0.499 0.029 0.389 5.42 5.9 2538 39.12 3

CO89 7/10/2012 7/17/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 470.3 7.11 
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 7/17/2012 7/24/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 323.9 5.33 

CO89 7/24/2012 7/31/2012 0.095 0.01 0.012 0.015 0.253 0.855 0.39 0.031 0.432 5.22 5.9 2909.7 44.96 4

CO89 7/31/2012 8/7/2012 0.267 0.032 0.025 0.026 0.269 1.31 0.505 0.069 0.513 5.18 7.5 557.6 7.62 

CO89 8/7/2012 8/14/2012 0.401 0.038 0.106 0.041 0.661 1.742 0.908 0.107 0.848 5.68 9.6 68.9 1.27 

CO89 8/14/2012 8/21/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.7 0 

CO89 8/21/2012 8/28/2012 0.148 0.017 0.034 0.016 0.392 1.141 0.563 0.057 0.396 5.15 7 709.6 10.92 1

CO89 8/28/2012 9/4/2012 0.22 0.026 0.017 0.027 0.402 1.432 0.636 0.057 0.634 5.16 8.5 1241.6 18.8 1

CO89 9/4/2012 9/11/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 385.2 5.59 

CO89 9/11/2012 9/18/2012 0.1 0.012 0.011 0.01 0.116 0.416 0.184 0.023 0.169 5.56 3.1 1979.2 30.99 3

CO89 9/18/2012 9/25/2012 0.198 0.024 0.015 0.039 0.469 1.301 0.659 0.095 0.948 4.96 9.7 348.8 6.1 

CO89 9/25/2012 10/2/2012 0.027 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.141 0.33 0.184 0.011 0.188 5.39 3.2 2564.3 37.59 3

CO89 10/2/2012 10/9/2012 0.853 0.091 0.07 0.189 0.283 1.59 0.579 0.141 0.896 6.5 9.9 60.4 1.52 

CO89 10/9/2012 10/16/2012 0.073 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.11 0.367 0.168 0.027 0.261 5.23 3.7 416 20.83 2

CO89 10/16/2012 10/23/2012 0.306 0.047 0.036 0.028 0.152 0.562 0.245 0.034 0.446 5.76 4.4 395.5 10.67 1

CO89 10/23/2012 10/30/2012 0.161 0.018 0.013 0.035 0.103 0.577 0.21 0.024 0.457 5.4 4.5 629.1 21.84 2

CO89 10/30/2012 11/6/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 0 

CO89 11/6/2012 11/13/2012 0.141 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.048 0.255 0.095 0.017 0.154 5.7 2.4 288.1 20.83 2

CO89 11/13/2012 11/20/2012 0.124 0.011 0.005 0.014 0.182 0.616 0.281 0.041 0.403 5.07 6 21 6.35 

CO89 11/20/2012 11/27/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO89 11/27/2012 12/11/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 149.1 39.88 3

CO89 12/11/2012 12/18/2012 0.029 0.004 0.011 0.01 0.058 0.167 0.083 0.015 0.16 5.44 2.6 469.5 32.77 3

CO89 12/18/2012 12/25/2012 0.014 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.075 0.367 0.141 0.014 0.048 5.41 2.8 1223.8 32.26 3

CO89 12/25/2012 1/1/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 17.9 9.91 

CO89 1/1/2013 1/8/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 0.76 

CO89 1/8/2013 1/15/2013 0.075 0.01 0.013 0.018 0.045 0.275 0.097 0.029 0.128 5.34 3.2 64.6 14.48 1

CO89 1/15/2013 1/22/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0 

CO89 1/22/2013 1/29/2013 0.035 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.063 0.371 0.133 0.016 0.059 5.27 3.3 192.7 16 1

CO89 1/29/2013 2/5/2013 0.225 0.029 0.048 0.036 0.223 1.098 0.421 0.109 0.644 5.08 8.7 53.2 38.35 3

CO89 2/5/2013 2/12/2013 0.028 0.004 0.003 0.009 0.038 0.281 0.093 0.015 0.116 5.31 3.5 335 16.51 1

CO89 2/12/2013 2/19/2013 0.107 0.013 0.011 0.027 0.128 0.639 0.244 0.049 0.206 5.3 4.4 116.5 19.3 1

CO89 2/19/2013 2/26/2013 0.061 0.004 0.005 0.018 0.087 0.39 0.156 0.019 0.091 5.52 2.6 729.7 18.03 1

CO89 2/26/2013 3/5/2013 0.031 0.004 0.005 0.009 0.091 0.219 0.12 0.022 0.259 5.18 4.1 396 25.65 2

CO89 3/5/2013 3/12/2013 0.073 0.004 0.006 0.014 0.145 0.439 0.212 0.025 0.158 5.68 2.9 661.9 26.67 2
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 3/12/2013 3/19/2013 0.576 0.066 0.032 0.122 0.603 2.223 0.971 0.222 1.006 5.69 10.6 226.7 20.07 2

CO89 3/19/2013 3/26/2013 0.14 0.016 0.01 0.065 0.149 0.324 0.189 0.054 0.262 5.99 3 1149.5 34.8 3

CO89 3/26/2013 4/2/2013 0.308 0.038 0.021 0.065 0.542 1.552 0.772 0.102 0.679 5.99 7.6 946.1 22.35 2

CO89 4/2/2013 4/9/2013 0.442 0.034 0.029 0.045 0.386 0.626 0.442 0.052 0.513 6.55 6.2 1816.8 44.7 4

CO89 4/9/2013 4/23/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2848 214.38 21

CO89 4/23/2013 4/30/2013 2.208 0.249 0.081 0.346 1.081 4.125 1.773 0.403 2.763 6.74 26.7 21.5 17.78 1

CO89 4/30/2013 5/7/2013 1.019 0.109 0.055 0.135 0.461 1.174 0.624 0.108 0.795 6.79 10.9 2169.3 67.31 6

CO89 5/7/2013 5/14/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3073.8 69.34 6

CO89 5/14/2013 5/21/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 431.1 8.38 

CO89 5/21/2013 6/4/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.5 760.5 20.83 2

CO89 6/4/2013 6/11/2013 0.652 0.088 0.045 0.113 0.54 2.216 0.921 0.17 0.979 5.53 11.9 76.2 0.51 

CO89 6/11/2013 6/18/2013 1.112 0.164 0.465 0.19 0.477 2.014 0.826 0.332 1.435 6.47 14.6 195.9 2.54 

CO89 6/18/2013 6/25/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.9 0 

CO89 6/25/2013 7/2/2013 0.273 0.036 0.077 0.023 0.663 1.105 0.765 0.072 0.494 6.11 7.6 615.6 9.91 

CO89 7/2/2013 7/9/2013 0.087 0.012 0.032 0.015 0.241 0.55 0.312 0.045 0.256 5.4 4.5 2426.3 36.83 3

CO89 7/9/2013 7/16/2013 0.067 0.009 0.016 0.009 0.417 0.834 0.513 0.025 0.322 5.56 5.3 1408.3 21.59 2

CO89 7/16/2013 7/23/2013 0.114 0.016 0.014 0.01 0.252 1.072 0.438 0.032 0.458 4.9 8.2 635 10.16 1

CO89 7/23/2013 7/30/2013 0.122 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.209 0.648 0.309 0.037 0.258 5.34 5.1 1714.8 26.67 2

CO89 7/30/2013 8/6/2013 0.399 0.056 0.021 0.115 0.44 2.248 0.85 0.174 1.355 4.75 16.5 266.9 3.81 

CO89 8/6/2013 8/13/2013 0.175 0.021 0.029 0.017 0.643 1.185 0.768 0.061 0.683 5.92 7.5 735.2 -- 1

CO89 8/13/2013 8/20/2013 0.107 0.014 0.008 0.011 0.178 0.744 0.307 0.043 0.475 5.02 6.8 448.5 -- 

CO89 8/20/2013 8/27/2013 0.088 0.009 0.015 0.009 0.184 0.701 0.301 0.034 0.436 5.02 6.8 1176.4 18.03 1

CO89 8/27/2013 9/3/2013 0.108 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.278 0.879 0.415 0.033 0.508 5.14 7 1711.3 26.42 2

CO89 9/3/2013 9/10/2013 0.202 0.016 0.019 0.014 0.454 1.244 0.634 0.043 0.502 5.61 6.7 1934.9 29.72 2

CO89 9/10/2013 9/19/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 155.7 15

CO89 9/19/2013 9/24/2013 0.001 0.009 0.019 0.009 0.049 0.29 0.104 0.026 0.136 5.32 3.4 1328.5 30.48 3

CO89 9/24/2013 9/30/2013 0.116 0.009 0.017 0.012 0.034 0.159 0.062 0.023 0.139 5.81 2.3 655 22.35 2

CO89 9/30/2013 10/15/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 790.6 49.02 4

CO89 10/15/2013 10/22/2013 0.03 0.009 0.023 0.003 0.191 0.335 0.224 0.016 0.354 5.36 4.1 569.7 17.78 1

CO89 10/22/2013 10/29/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO89 10/29/2013 11/5/2013 0.1 0.01 0.011 0.027 0.136 0.524 0.224 0.032 0.293 5.43 4.2 428.4 43.18 4

CO89 11/5/2013 11/12/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.7 2.03 

CO89 11/12/2013 11/19/2013 0.06 0.012 0.008 0.009 0.175 0.659 0.285 0.018 0.25 5.1 5.5 207.8 42.16 4
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 11/19/2013 11/26/2013 0.001 0.009 0.003 0.004 0.064 0.203 0.096 0.006 0.05 5.37 2.7 1149.1 23.88 2

CO89 11/26/2013 12/11/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1177.6 66.55 6

CO89 12/11/2013 12/17/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 2.03 

CO89 12/17/2013 12/24/2013 0.048 0.005 0.056 0.028 0.063 0.435 0.147 0.073 0.122 5.28 4 50.4 32.77 3

CO89 12/24/2013 12/31/2013 0.031 0.002 0.002 0.009 0.044 0.361 0.116 0.014 0.066 5.24 3.3 411.5 13.72 1

CO89 12/31/2013 1/7/2014 0.023 0.009 0.003 0.01 0.063 0.233 0.102 0.029 0.125 5.35 3 968 57.4 5

CO89 1/7/2014 1/14/2014 0.059 0.012 0.007 0.028 0.067 0.166 0.09 0.018 0.153 5.48 2.6 263.3 66.29 6

CO89 1/14/2014 1/21/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 3.56 

CO89 1/21/2014 1/28/2014 0.03 0.009 0.003 0.007 0.138 0.524 0.226 0.037 0.14 5.09 5.3 537 28.96 2

CO89 1/28/2014 2/4/2014 0.006 0.009 0.001 0.002 0.044 0.162 0.071 0.004 0.036 5.48 2.1 1242 58.93 5

CO89 2/4/2014 2/11/2014 0.036 0.004 0.006 0.012 0.076 0.369 0.142 0.018 0.227 5.12 4.3 747.7 0 1

CO89 2/11/2014 2/18/2014 0.069 0.008 0.006 0.019 0.128 0.416 0.194 0.028 0.416 5.13 4.9 710.1 84.58 8

CO89 2/18/2014 2/25/2014 0.155 0.028 0.007 0.033 0.093 0.212 0.12 0.021 0.193 5.77 2.9 290.5 51.56 5

CO89 2/25/2014 3/4/2014 0.076 0.01 0.009 0.015 0.134 0.301 0.172 0.028 0.226 5.41 3.7 391.6 50.29 5

CO89 3/4/2014 3/11/2014 0.023 0.005 0.002 0.009 0.106 0.192 0.126 0.008 0.081 5.58 2.3 1848.7 41.66 4

CO89 3/11/2014 3/18/2014 1.218 0.123 0.053 0.649 0.169 0.378 0.217 0.288 1.187 6.8 12.5 343.1 18.54 1

CO89 3/18/2014 3/25/2014 0.225 0.03 0.021 0.039 0.148 0.768 0.289 0.051 0.212 5.78 4 757.2 34.29 3

CO89 3/25/2014 4/1/2014 2.563 0.117 0.058 0.037 0.117 0.421 0.186 0.033 0.335 7.19 15.3 773.9 67.31 6

CO89 4/1/2014 4/8/2014 0.083 0.008 0.004 0.012 0.088 0.231 0.121 0.014 0.18 5.63 2.4 836.1 31.5 3

CO89 4/8/2014 4/15/2014 0.048 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.151 0.222 0.168 0.013 0.099 5.79 2.2 1452.1 45.97 4

CO89 4/15/2014 4/22/2014 0.516 0.01 0.046 0.185 0.734 1.826 0.983 0.184 1.809 5.71 12.1 100.8 3.81 

CO89 4/22/2014 4/29/2014 0.116 0.013 0.007 0.022 0.089 0.154 0.104 0.014 0.134 5.86 2.3 314.9 30.99 3

CO89 4/29/2014 5/6/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.35 5.9 15.2 4.57 

CO89 5/6/2014 5/13/2014 0.138 0.016 0.01 0.029 0.129 0.277 0.163 0.037 0.194 5.88 2.7 2363.9 71.12 7

CO89 5/13/2014 5/20/2014 0.17 0.033 0.012 0.061 0.178 0.602 0.274 0.083 0.36 5.6 4.2 833.3 14.99 1

CO89 5/20/2014 5/27/2014 0.034 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.399 0.606 0.447 0.02 0.192 6.02 3.8 2699.6 38.1 3

CO89 5/27/2014 6/3/2014 0.216 0.025 0.02 0.025 0.33 0.822 0.442 0.07 0.39 5.79 5.2 887.8 14.22 1

CO89 6/3/2014 6/10/2014 0.435 0.061 0.036 0.067 0.371 1.073 0.531 0.111 0.884 5.84 7.5 408.6 6.1 

CO89 6/10/2014 6/17/2014 1.186 0.141 0.096 0.298 0.83 2.345 1.175 0.406 1.587 6.43 16.5 337.3 4.83 

CO89 6/17/2014 6/24/2014 3.087 0.339 0.415 0.35 0.161 3.386 0.89 0.675 1.719 6.7 26.6 170.5 4.57 

CO89 6/24/2014 7/1/2014 0.303 0.047 0.132 0.029 0.006 0.557 0.13 0.066 0.356 5.49 4.6 290.9 3.81 

CO89 7/1/2014 7/8/2014 0.239 0.036 0.047 0.051 0.303 0.81 0.419 0.108 0.406 5.74 5.7 443.5 6.35 

CO89 7/8/2014 7/15/2014 0.126 0.017 0.023 0.018 0.249 0.783 0.371 0.044 0.255 5.39 5.1 628.6 9.14 
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO89 7/15/2014 7/22/2014 0.411 0.058 0.084 0.075 0.484 1.108 0.627 0.122 0.641 6.01 8 931 14.22 1

CO89 7/22/2014 7/29/2014 0.267 0.023 0.048 0.017 0.424 0.817 0.514 0.049 0.378 6.05 5.8 2075.6 30.23 3

CO89 7/29/2014 8/5/2014 0.01 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.051 0.241 0.094 0.012 0.077 5.23 3.1 4908.2 72.9 7

CO89 8/5/2014 8/12/2014 0.113 0.016 0.03 0.014 0.334 0.837 0.449 0.047 0.47 5.03 7.5 1013.8 13.97 1

CO89 8/12/2014 8/19/2014 0.092 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.252 0.686 0.351 0.044 0.302 5.33 4.8 836.6 11.43 1

CO89 8/19/2014 8/26/2014 0.08 0.011 0.019 0.02 0.166 0.604 0.266 0.037 0.258 5.3 4.7 1294.6 21.34 2

CO89 8/26/2014 9/2/2014 0.14 0.016 0.023 0.026 0.242 0.848 0.38 0.06 0.323 5.36 5.3 1245.2 20.83 2

CO89 9/2/2014 9/9/2014 0.132 0.018 0.014 0.045 0.275 0.851 0.406 0.075 0.311 5.51 5 1005.4 14.99 1

CO89 9/9/2014 9/16/2014 0.044 0.007 0.01 0.013 0.065 0.237 0.104 0.019 0.104 5.46 2.8 1603.3 26.92 2

CO89 9/16/2014 9/23/2014 0.031 0.005 0.011 0.014 0.113 0.324 0.161 0.023 0.179 5.33 3.4 1763.9 27.43 2

CO89 9/23/2014 9/30/2014 0.045 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.129 0.278 0.163 0.016 0.218 5.45 3.1 1735.2 30.73 3

CO98 9/29/2009 10/6/2009 2.006 0.136 0.086 0.117 0.269 0.859 0.403 0.151 0.73 7.34 14.8 1051.9 27.18 2

CO98 10/6/2009 10/13/2009 0.335 0.051 0.028 0.131 0.242 1.091 0.435 0.188 0.627 5.64 6.5 913.6 27.18 2

CO98 10/13/2009 10/20/2009 0.069 0.007 0.007 0.019 0.083 0.459 0.168 0.027 0.356 5.16 5.1 1137.1 19.05 1

CO98 10/20/2009 10/27/2009 0.301 0.029 0.02 0.034 0.204 1.029 0.391 0.058 0.471 5.52 5.6 751.1 -- 1

CO98 10/27/2009 11/3/2009 0.069 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.022 0.254 0.074 0.011 0.085 5.49 2.1 1344.1 40.39 4

CO98 11/3/2009 11/10/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.6 0.25 

CO98 11/10/2009 11/17/2009 0.236 0.017 0.014 0.017 0.158 0.654 0.271 0.035 0.422 5.75 4.2 1052.5 23.62 2

CO98 11/17/2009 11/24/2009 0.217 0.019 0.014 0.096 0.075 0.9 0.262 0.066 0.284 5.44 4.8 266.7 15.75 1

CO98 11/24/2009 12/1/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

CO98 12/1/2009 12/8/2009 0.072 0.007 0.009 0.03 0.079 0.526 0.18 0.037 0.093 5.46 3.1 1400.2 33.78 3

CO98 12/8/2009 12/15/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 49.78 4

CO98 12/15/2009 12/22/2009 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 6.1 

CO98 12/22/2009 12/29/2009 0.043 0.004 0.006 0.01 0.141 0.581 0.241 0.019 0.19 5.42 3.9 375.2 27.69 2

CO98 12/29/2009 1/5/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.99 6.2 24.2 20.07 2

CO98 1/5/2010 1/12/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 14.22 1

CO98 1/12/2010 1/19/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0.51 

CO98 1/19/2010 1/26/2010 0.097 0.011 0.03 0.011 0.049 0.452 0.14 0.036 0.139 5.19 4.3 36 21.34 2

CO98 1/26/2010 2/2/2010 0.037 0.003 0.004 0.012 0.138 0.871 0.304 0.032 0.097 5.12 6 326.5 12.95 1

CO98 2/2/2010 2/9/2010 0.046 0.006 0.004 0.018 0.23 1.339 0.481 0.043 0.436 4.77 9.9 172.2 8.89 

CO98 2/9/2010 2/16/2010 0.091 0.009 0.005 0.019 0.089 0.496 0.181 0.029 0.325 5.2 4.6 103.3 26.92 2

CO98 2/16/2010 2/23/2010 0.098 0.011 0.01 0.035 0.073 0.473 0.164 0.049 0.184 5.45 3.4 1196.1 37.34 3

CO98 2/23/2010 3/2/2010 0.03 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.047 1.538 0.384 0.053 0.103 4.66 11.7 447.7 8.64 
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 3/2/2010 3/9/2010 0.064 0.007 0.006 0.018 0.116 0.441 0.19 0.035 0.364 5.13 5 115.3 23.37 2

CO98 3/9/2010 3/16/2010 0.095 0.008 0.007 0.014 0.854 1.202 0.936 0.027 0.821 6.09 8.1 432.8 10.92 1

CO98 3/16/2010 3/23/2010 0.097 0.009 0.006 0.017 0.105 0.548 0.205 0.026 0.129 5.49 3.2 1177.4 29.72 2

CO98 3/23/2010 3/30/2010 0.077 0.008 0.004 0.018 0.162 0.249 0.182 0.018 0.137 5.84 2.4 1307.5 30.99 3

CO98 3/30/2010 4/6/2010 1.19 0.068 0.041 0.038 0.109 0.356 0.165 0.039 0.377 6.66 8.6 1151 81.03 8

CO98 4/6/2010 4/13/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 319.2 16.51 1

CO98 4/13/2010 4/20/2010 0.205 0.026 0.025 0.043 0.143 0.83 0.299 0.073 0.448 5.15 6.3 187.7 5.59 

CO98 4/20/2010 4/27/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2482.3 67.31 6

CO98 5/4/2010 5/11/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 752.2 25.15 2

CO98 5/11/2010 5/18/2010 0.884 0.046 0.048 0.043 0.079 0.431 0.159 0.038 0.327 6.53 6.7 3431.2 72.64 7

CO98 6/8/2010 6/15/2010 0.188 0.017 0.029 0.033 0.149 0.42 0.211 0.055 0.264 5.72 3.7 3618 55.12 5

CO98 6/29/2010 7/6/2010 0.232 0.023 0.067 0.017 0.387 1.333 0.602 0.065 0.575 5.27 7.9 601 9.4 

CO98 7/6/2010 7/13/2010 0.176 0.026 0.025 0.069 0.202 0.852 0.35 0.115 0.464 5.17 6.6 2065.1 31.75 3

CO98 7/13/2010 7/20/2010 0.423 0.05 0.049 0.075 0.466 1.326 0.662 0.141 0.705 5.98 8.2 818.2 11.68 1

CO98 7/20/2010 7/27/2010 0.282 0.031 0.04 0.045 0.292 1.28 0.516 0.086 0.514 5.36 7.1 798.2 12.19 1

CO98 7/27/2010 8/3/2010 0.064 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.166 0.636 0.273 0.028 0.281 5.07 6.3 4675.2 70.87 7

CO98 8/3/2010 8/10/2010 0.055 0.007 0.01 0.015 0.199 0.84 0.345 0.046 0.351 4.95 7.2 2205 32.26 3

CO98 8/10/2010 8/17/2010 0.06 0.008 0.012 0.019 0.069 0.324 0.127 0.039 0.28 5.14 4 526.2 7.87 

CO98 8/17/2010 8/24/2010 0.077 0.009 0.008 0.015 0.085 0.395 0.155 0.031 0.21 5.28 3.8 565.7 9.14 

CO98 8/24/2010 8/31/2010 0.09 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.091 0.725 0.235 0.034 0.375 4.97 6.7 400.6 5.84 

CO98 9/7/2010 9/14/2010 0.02 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.06 0.198 0.091 0.018 0.121 5.33 2.7 746.5 11.18 1

CO98 9/21/2010 9/28/2010 0.058 0.006 0.006 0.016 0.064 0.3 0.118 0.031 0.15 5.31 3.1 1014.9 15.49 1

CO98 10/5/2010 10/12/2010 0.087 0.008 0.015 0.013 0.206 0.469 0.266 0.028 0.483 5.35 4.9 1699.9 32 3

CO98 10/12/2010 10/19/2010 0.127 0.012 0.009 0.014 0.212 0.685 0.32 0.028 0.491 5.22 5.4 841.8 14.22 1

CO98 10/19/2010 10/26/2010 0.012 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.036 0.102 0.051 0.011 0.052 5.42 2 2916 -- 4

CO98 11/9/2010 11/16/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.7 43.69 4

CO98 11/16/2010 11/23/2010 0.035 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.022 0.135 0.048 0.013 0.094 5.47 2.3 297.1 47.5 4

CO98 11/23/2010 11/30/2010 0.06 0.006 0.008 0.013 0.025 0.37 0.103 0.026 0.098 5.13 3.4 88.7 20.32 2

CO98 12/14/2010 12/21/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 686.2 122.43 12

CO98 12/21/2010 12/28/2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 97 17.02 1

CO98 12/28/2010 1/4/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 146.9 -- 

CO98 1/4/2011 1/11/2011 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.08 0.492 0.173 0.017 0.195 5.12 4.8 414 14.73 1

CO98 1/11/2011 1/18/2011 0.02 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.032 0.114 0.051 0.012 0.077 5.38 2.4 419.3 61.47 6
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 1/18/2011 1/25/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 459.6 -- 

CO98 1/25/2011 2/2/2011 0.044 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.068 0.606 0.19 0.032 0.193 5.04 5.3 180.3 4.57 

CO98 2/2/2011 2/8/2011 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.025 0.204 0.066 0.027 0.099 5.4 2.6 997.5 -- 1

CO98 2/8/2011 2/15/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 11.94 1

CO98 2/15/2011 2/22/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 525.6 37.85 3

CO98 2/22/2011 3/1/2011 0.086 0.018 0.009 0.023 0.127 0.885 0.299 0.067 0.124 5.19 4.8 445.4 67.31 6

CO98 3/1/2011 3/8/2011 0.09 0.011 0.01 0.018 0.094 0.48 0.182 0.026 0.31 5.21 4.3 563.5 33.27 3

CO98 3/8/2011 3/15/2011 0.099 0.013 0.007 0.026 0.13 0.573 0.231 0.03 0.215 5.42 3.5 639 37.08 3

CO98 3/15/2011 3/22/2011 0.683 0.045 0.042 0.069 0.056 0.436 0.142 0.049 0.391 6.46 5.4 1285 48.26 4

CO98 3/22/2011 3/29/2011 0.137 0.017 0.007 0.022 0.058 0.385 0.132 0.029 0.257 5.47 3.1 1033.6 54.86 5

CO98 3/29/2011 4/5/2011 0.418 0.042 0.057 0.034 0.138 0.772 0.282 0.069 0.469 5.97 5.1 343.4 82.8 8

CO98 4/5/2011 4/12/2011 0.181 0.018 0.012 0.037 0.134 0.505 0.218 0.046 0.433 5.53 4.2 419.3 44.7 4

CO98 4/12/2011 4/19/2011 0.145 0.019 0.02 0.02 0.229 0.567 0.306 0.033 0.417 5.6 4.3 3103.8 -- 4

CO98 4/19/2011 4/26/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3841.9 -- 5

CO98 4/26/2011 5/3/2011 0.207 0.026 0.014 0.055 0.078 0.37 0.144 0.056 0.321 5.71 3.4 577 -- 

CO98 5/3/2011 5/10/2011 1.332 0.126 0.044 0.126 0.279 2.196 0.713 0.159 1.057 6.52 12.5 81.1 34.54 3

CO98 5/10/2011 5/17/2011 0.228 0.032 0.013 0.034 0.158 0.276 0.185 0.046 0.321 6.03 3.5 2578.4 52.83 5

CO98 5/17/2011 5/24/2011 0.077 0.008 0.006 0.013 0.058 0.417 0.139 0.025 0.153 5.29 3.4 3907.3 0 5

CO98 5/24/2011 5/31/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1341.9 46.48 4

CO98 5/31/2011 6/7/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

CO98 6/7/2011 6/14/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 81.1 1.27 

CO98 6/14/2011 6/21/2011 0.223 0.025 0.043 0.033 0.191 0.712 0.309 0.061 0.554 5.48 5.2 2651.7 43.94 4

CO98 6/21/2011 6/28/2011 0.717 0.105 0.255 0.097 0.266 1.731 0.598 0.18 1.127 5.58 11.2 35 0.25 

CO98 6/28/2011 7/5/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1658.7 23.11 2

CO98 7/5/2011 7/12/2011 0.085 0.011 0.036 0.017 0.222 0.704 0.332 0.041 0.415 5.17 5.9 1333.8 20.57 2

CO98 7/12/2011 7/19/2011 0.194 0.015 0.019 0.037 0.333 1.357 0.566 0.05 0.644 5 8.5 2629.1 38.1 3

CO98 7/19/2011 7/26/2011 0.417 0.05 0.044 0.11 0.425 2.518 0.899 0.236 1.306 4.67 17.8 61.6 0.51 

CO98 7/26/2011 8/2/2011 0.107 0.013 0.016 0.021 0.353 1.299 0.568 0.048 0.653 4.85 9.6 741.2 10.41 1

CO98 8/2/2011 8/9/2011 0.133 0.022 0.033 0.039 0.272 2.022 0.668 0.115 0.589 4.56 14.3 164.3 2.29 

CO98 8/9/2011 8/16/2011 0.52 0.063 0.053 0.064 0.224 1.592 0.534 0.107 0.793 5.51 8.5 77.8 1.02 

CO98 8/16/2011 8/23/2011 0.272 0.036 0.021 0.052 0.364 2.806 0.917 0.15 0.915 4.55 17.5 367.8 4.57 

CO98 8/23/2011 8/30/2011 0.167 0.02 0.018 0.022 0.349 1.646 0.643 0.068 0.554 4.87 10.5 1029.4 14.48 1

CO98 8/30/2011 9/6/2011 0.225 0.03 0.048 0.046 0.342 1.13 0.521 0.097 0.589 5.4 6.9 865.2 11.68 1
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 9/6/2011 9/13/2011 0.01 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.034 0.278 0.089 0.008 0.142 5.02 3.8 2126.7 33.02 3

CO98 9/13/2011 9/20/2011 0.011 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.05 0.315 0.11 0.019 0.149 5.09 3.8 2275.3 36.07 3

CO98 9/20/2011 9/27/2011 0.37 0.037 0.038 0.034 0.532 1.162 0.676 0.057 0.664 6.24 7.6 103.1 1.52 

CO98 9/27/2011 10/4/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 3.05 

CO98 10/4/2011 10/11/2011 0.073 0.008 0.036 0.005 0.081 0.455 0.166 0.023 0.17 5.25 3.9 1000.5 23.11 2

CO98 10/11/2011 10/18/2011 0.161 0.02 0.018 0.014 0.078 0.777 0.236 0.038 0.31 5.02 5.5 827.7 25.91 2

CO98 10/18/2011 10/25/2011 0.735 0.085 0.049 0.097 0.735 3.21 1.297 0.133 1.157 5.45 14.8 44 1.52 

CO98 10/25/2011 11/1/2011 0.02 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.053 0.133 0.071 0.005 0.116 5.31 2.3 1891.4 23.62 2

CO98 11/1/2011 11/8/2011 0.061 0.007 0.006 0.012 0.154 0.529 0.239 0.014 0.185 5.31 4.1 1438.9 37.34 3

CO98 11/8/2011 11/15/2011 0.366 0.075 0.177 0.082 0.004 0.175 0.043 0.067 0.507 5.84 4.8 74.1 39.37 3

CO98 11/15/2011 11/22/2011 0.168 0.017 0.013 0.066 0.119 0.499 0.205 0.061 0.33 5.73 3.7 203.9 34.04 3

CO98 11/22/2011 11/29/2011 0.094 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.169 0.28 0.195 0.023 0.271 5.56 3.6 149 10.92 1

CO98 11/29/2011 12/6/2011 0.063 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.102 0.652 0.227 0.017 0.095 5.17 4.3 1186.5 30.48 3

CO98 12/6/2011 12/13/2011 0.074 0.011 0.008 0.014 0.123 0.37 0.179 0.047 0.272 4.92 6.2 32.7 1.78 

CO98 12/13/2011 12/20/2011 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.7 1.02 

CO98 12/20/2011 12/27/2011 0.009 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.052 0.32 0.113 0.011 0.06 5.35 2.7 968.5 23.62 2

CO98 12/27/2011 1/3/2012 0.339 0.039 0.028 0.115 0.103 0.347 0.159 0.099 0.415 6.25 4.4 87.9 15.24 1

CO98 1/3/2012 1/10/2012 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.036 0.229 0.08 0.005 0.055 5.27 2.9 731.5 16.51 1

CO98 1/10/2012 1/17/2012 0.076 0.009 0.006 0.021 0.101 0.489 0.189 0.023 0.201 5.21 3.8 307.8 19.05 1

CO98 1/17/2012 1/24/2012 0.127 0.022 0.038 0.041 0.087 0.293 0.134 0.058 0.236 5.44 3.9 161.2 57.91 5

CO98 1/24/2012 1/31/2012 0.08 0.008 0.008 0.02 0.118 0.376 0.177 0.023 0.323 5.18 4.6 174.6 12.19 1

CO98 1/31/2012 2/7/2012 0.039 0.004 0.003 0.006 0.199 0.216 0.204 0.01 0.075 5.64 2.7 1084.7 33.53 3

CO98 2/7/2012 2/14/2012 0.042 0.005 0.005 0.014 0.074 0.286 0.122 0.017 0.244 5.21 3.7 752.3 36.58 3

CO98 2/14/2012 2/21/2012 0.106 0.011 0.008 0.022 0.109 0.649 0.231 0.032 0.254 5.11 4.9 274.8 18.29 1

CO98 2/21/2012 2/28/2012 0.154 0.017 0.014 0.034 0.148 0.329 0.189 0.04 0.207 5.75 3.3 306.7 79.5 7

CO98 2/28/2012 3/6/2012 0.284 0.031 0.011 0.086 0.048 0.375 0.122 0.069 0.242 6.06 3.3 248.4 34.04 3

CO98 3/6/2012 3/13/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO98 3/13/2012 3/20/2012 6.853 0.364 0.261 0.635 0.009 0.476 0.111 0.096 3.422 7.42 41.7 80 11.43 1

CO98 3/20/2012 3/27/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO98 3/27/2012 4/3/2012 0.335 0.037 0.025 0.075 0.585 0.688 0.61 0.062 0.485 6.56 7.1 993.1 20.07 2

CO98 4/3/2012 4/10/2012 0.123 0.027 0.007 0.024 0.088 0.254 0.126 0.061 0.079 5.63 3.3 51 0.51 

CO98 4/10/2012 4/17/2012 0.137 0.017 0.014 0.019 0.352 0.787 0.452 0.039 0.605 5.34 6.3 1600.4 36.07 3

CO98 4/17/2012 4/24/2012 0.065 0.011 0.004 0.007 0.054 0.224 0.093 0.017 0.189 5.54 2.7 283.2 11.94 1
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 4/24/2012 5/1/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 664.8 15.24 1

CO98 5/1/2012 5/8/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1384.6 25.91 2

CO98 5/8/2012 5/15/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 491.2 8.89 

CO98 5/15/2012 5/22/2012 0.952 0.09 0.059 0.11 0.195 1.207 0.424 0.12 0.696 6.38 9 787.1 13.97 1

CO98 5/22/2012 5/29/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1248.1 27.43 2

CO98 5/29/2012 6/5/2012 0.532 0.06 0.074 0.041 0.189 0.764 0.32 0.085 0.469 6.06 6.1 648.3 8.89 

CO98 6/5/2012 6/12/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 

CO98 6/12/2012 6/19/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40.8 0.51 

CO98 6/26/2012 7/3/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 552.9 8.38 

CO98 7/3/2012 7/10/2012 0.129 0.013 0.026 0.012 0.369 1.016 0.517 0.03 0.397 5.48 5.9 2658.8 38.1 3

CO98 7/10/2012 7/17/2012 0.262 0.028 0.06 0.022 0.76 2.333 1.118 0.09 1.021 5.02 13 574.1 7.11 

CO98 7/17/2012 7/24/2012 0.365 0.034 0.025 0.044 0.501 2.198 0.886 0.083 1.017 4.9 13 347.5 4.57 

CO98 7/24/2012 7/31/2012 0.11 0.013 0.018 0.016 0.26 0.876 0.4 0.033 0.435 5.18 6 3008.2 44.2 4

CO98 7/31/2012 8/7/2012 0.301 0.035 0.018 0.028 0.283 1.419 0.541 0.075 0.568 5.14 8.1 593.2 7.62 

CO98 8/7/2012 8/14/2012 0.369 0.041 0.118 0.043 0.683 1.835 0.946 0.117 0.887 5.65 9.9 108.1 1.52 

CO98 8/14/2012 8/21/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.8 0 

CO98 8/21/2012 8/28/2012 0.157 0.017 0.03 0.012 0.408 1.207 0.59 0.053 0.412 5.14 7.1 718.1 10.41 1

CO98 8/28/2012 9/4/2012 0.231 0.035 0.046 0.029 0.358 1.483 0.613 0.064 0.652 5.08 8.8 1262.1 18.8 1

CO98 9/4/2012 9/11/2012 0.498 0.06 0.035 0.052 0.485 1.648 0.75 0.101 1.142 5.66 9.4 414.6 5.59 

CO98 9/11/2012 9/18/2012 0.128 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.127 0.526 0.218 0.031 0.214 5.56 3.5 2025.5 30.23 3

CO98 9/18/2012 9/25/2012 0.227 0.029 0.016 0.038 0.482 1.416 0.695 0.1 0.958 5.08 9.8 377.4 6.1 

CO98 9/25/2012 10/2/2012 0.026 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.145 0.336 0.189 0.011 0.191 5.32 3.3 2586.2 38.1 3

CO98 10/2/2012 10/9/2012 0.818 0.085 0.064 0.198 0.267 1.489 0.544 0.129 0.826 6.5 9.2 87.6 1.78 

CO98 10/9/2012 10/16/2012 0.043 0.005 0.006 0.01 0.123 0.302 0.164 0.023 0.226 5.27 3.4 502.6 22.61 2

CO98 10/16/2012 10/23/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 526.9 11.18 1

CO98 10/23/2012 10/30/2012 0.125 0.013 0.012 0.031 0.086 0.472 0.174 0.025 0.353 5.28 3.9 678.3 22.35 2

CO98 10/30/2012 11/6/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 0 

CO98 11/6/2012 11/13/2012 0.076 0.008 0.005 0.01 0.037 0.19 0.072 0.015 0.115 5.66 2.1 303.2 22.1 2

CO98 11/13/2012 11/20/2012 0.076 0.003 0.005 0.009 0.104 0.256 0.139 0.042 0.19 5.24 3.8 30.5 6.86 

CO98 11/20/2012 11/27/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.4 0 

CO98 11/27/2012 12/11/2012 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 190.7 43.94 4

CO98 12/11/2012 12/18/2012 0.021 0.002 0.006 0.006 0.058 0.136 0.076 0.009 0.159 5.29 2.8 556.9 37.34 3

CO98 12/18/2012 12/25/2012 0.02 0.002 0.002 0.007 0.09 0.41 0.163 0.016 0.063 5.43 2.9 963.5 28.45 2
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 12/25/2012 1/1/2013 0.226 0.023 0.02 0.071 0.098 1.836 0.491 0.088 0.438 4.7 14 22.4 8.64 

CO98 1/1/2013 1/8/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.3 0.76 

CO98 1/8/2013 1/15/2013 0.038 0.014 0.031 0.012 0.056 0.222 0.094 0.026 0.072 5.27 3.4 27.3 16 1

CO98 1/15/2013 1/22/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 0 

CO98 1/22/2013 1/29/2013 0.014 0.004 0.002 0.007 0.056 0.324 0.117 0.013 0.052 5.32 2.7 227.2 17.78 1

CO98 1/29/2013 2/5/2013 0.047 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.099 0.308 0.147 0.028 0.183 5.28 4.1 89.8 41.91 4

CO98 2/5/2013 2/12/2013 0.031 0.004 0.009 0.008 0.039 0.283 0.094 0.013 0.124 5.24 3.4 295.4 16.51 1

CO98 2/12/2013 2/19/2013 0.078 0.01 0.009 0.02 0.132 0.505 0.217 0.034 0.196 5.37 4.2 165.2 20.57 2

CO98 2/19/2013 2/26/2013 0.055 0.004 0.009 0.017 0.076 0.364 0.141 0.017 0.086 5.52 2.5 792.7 17.53 1

CO98 2/26/2013 3/5/2013 0.034 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.097 0.225 0.126 0.025 0.262 5.21 4 401.8 23.37 2

CO98 3/5/2013 3/12/2013 0.066 0.004 0.009 0.012 0.155 0.455 0.223 0.025 0.154 5.46 3.4 642.5 27.69 2

CO98 3/12/2013 3/19/2013 0.52 0.061 0.027 0.105 0.54 2.032 0.879 0.207 0.925 5.96 9.3 248.4 20.07 2

CO98 3/19/2013 3/26/2013 0.137 0.015 0.011 0.065 0.154 0.351 0.199 0.057 0.272 5.96 3.1 1247 34.54 3

CO98 3/26/2013 4/2/2013 0.263 0.034 0.017 0.057 0.449 1.4 0.666 0.107 0.624 5.97 6.5 860.5 21.84 2

CO98 4/2/2013 4/9/2013 0.472 0.037 0.033 0.053 0.392 0.649 0.452 0.063 0.572 6.53 6.5 1928.2 45.21 4

CO98 4/9/2013 4/23/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214.38 

CO98 4/23/2013 4/30/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 17.78 

CO98 4/30/2013 5/7/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 67.31 6

CO98 5/7/2013 5/14/2013 0.121 0.013 0.007 0.014 0.607 0.668 0.623 0.024 0.443 6.31 5.5 3073.8 69.34 6

CO98 5/14/2013 5/21/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- 

CO98 5/21/2013 6/4/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20.83 

CO98 6/4/2013 6/11/2013 0.819 0.105 0.027 0.085 0.597 2.646 1.062 0.167 1.14 5.52 13.2 94.4 0.76 

CO98 6/11/2013 6/18/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.54 

CO98 6/18/2013 6/25/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.2 0 

CO98 6/25/2013 7/2/2013 0.277 0.038 0.089 0.026 0.675 1.115 0.777 0.073 0.515 6.34 7.7 617.9 9.14 

CO98 7/2/2013 7/9/2013 0.093 0.013 0.035 0.017 0.282 0.574 0.349 0.047 0.27 5.47 4.6 2482.3 36.58 3

CO98 7/9/2013 7/16/2013 0.116 0.013 0.032 0.012 0.434 0.859 0.532 0.031 0.337 5.81 5.3 1467.6 21.59 2

CO98 7/16/2013 7/23/2013 0.108 0.014 0.017 0.01 0.254 1.123 0.451 0.036 0.474 4.91 8.2 650.4 9.91 

CO98 7/23/2013 7/30/2013 0.123 0.015 0.02 0.012 0.211 0.678 0.317 0.041 0.266 5.4 5.1 1771.9 25.91 2

CO98 7/30/2013 8/6/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.81 

CO98 8/6/2013 8/13/2013 0.173 0.02 0.028 0.017 0.637 1.231 0.774 0.062 0.7 5.81 7.6 746.6 10.67 1

CO98 8/13/2013 8/20/2013 0.104 0.024 0.172 0.058 1.148 0.721 1.056 0.089 0.6 6.51 9.8 474 6.35 

CO98 8/20/2013 8/27/2013 0.095 0.009 0.015 0.009 0.193 0.757 0.321 0.036 0.456 4.98 7.1 1181.1 18.03 1
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued[Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data]

Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 8/27/2013 9/3/2013 0.112 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.287 0.91 0.429 0.032 0.522 5.12 7.2 1822.7 26.42 2

CO98 9/3/2013 9/10/2013 0.203 0.017 0.018 0.013 0.448 1.258 0.633 0.045 0.512 5.52 6.8 1984.4 28.96 2

CO98 9/10/2013 9/19/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 156.21 15

CO98 9/19/2013 9/24/2013 0.033 0.004 0.012 0.01 0.063 0.325 0.122 0.026 0.165 5.36 3.5 1630.9 31.5 3

CO98 9/24/2013 9/30/2013 0.126 0.01 0.016 0.013 0.043 0.165 0.071 0.023 0.15 5.71 2.3 493.6 23.11 2

CO98 9/30/2013 10/15/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 737.1 51.56 5

CO98 10/15/2013 10/22/2013 0.03 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.2 0.354 0.236 0.014 0.369 5.21 4.8 608.6 18.29 1

CO98 10/22/2013 10/29/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 0 

CO98 10/29/2013 11/5/2013 0.107 0.016 0.062 0.03 0.059 0.586 0.178 0.043 0.307 5.18 5.1 412.6 45.21 4

CO98 11/5/2013 11/12/2013 0.3 1.52 

CO98 11/12/2013 11/19/2013 0.08 0.036 0.016 0.02 0.088 0.302 0.137 0.024 0.206 5.39 4.6 30.8 42.67 4

CO98 11/19/2013 11/26/2013 0.014 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.061 0.194 0.091 0.006 0.051 5.35 2.7 974.1 24.13 2

CO98 11/26/2013 12/11/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1196.8 63.25 6

CO98 12/11/2013 12/17/2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 2.03 

CO98 12/17/2013 12/24/2013 0.151 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.058 0.727 0.209 0.04 0.237 5.2 4.9 59.8 32.77 3

CO98 12/24/2013 12/31/2013 0.032 0.002 0.002 0.008 0.049 0.43 0.135 0.013 0.067 5.2 3.5 418.8 13.72 1

CO98 12/31/2013 1/7/2014 0.029 0.004 0.005 0.01 0.067 0.265 0.112 0.026 0.165 5.31 3.5 828.3 57.66 5

CO98 1/7/2014 1/14/2014 0.093 0.009 0.009 0.034 0.143 0.261 0.17 0.029 0.291 5.58 3.7 182.7 66.29 6

CO98 1/14/2014 1/21/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.07 9.8 14.9 3.56 

CO98 1/21/2014 1/28/2014 0.039 0.008 0.004 0.018 0.141 0.586 0.242 0.046 0.143 5.22 5 556.4 28.96 2

CO98 1/28/2014 2/4/2014 0.009 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.045 0.179 0.075 0.004 0.04 5.38 2.4 1386.2 58.93 5

CO98 2/4/2014 2/11/2014 0.032 0.004 0.005 0.012 0.063 0.296 0.116 0.017 0.205 5.11 3.9 998.4 0 1

CO98 2/11/2014 2/18/2014 0.808 0.106 0.089 0.278 0.636 2.865 1.142 0.179 1.884 5.73 15.5 36.5 84.58 8

CO98 2/18/2014 2/25/2014 0.792 0.087 0.04 0.189 0.298 1.172 0.497 0.126 0.892 6.29 9.4 122.9 48.77 4

CO98 2/25/2014 3/4/2014 0.246 0.031 0.022 0.05 0.34 0.953 0.48 0.078 0.629 5.5 6.6 189 0 1

CO98 3/4/2014 3/11/2014 0.057 0.007 0.006 0.016 0.151 0.342 0.195 0.015 0.151 5.53 2.9 1404.2 39.62 3

CO98 3/11/2014 3/18/2014 2.164 0.222 0.097 0.946 0.406 1.046 0.552 0.397 2.049 7 21.9 250.4 17.53 1

CO98 3/18/2014 3/25/2014 0.435 0.056 0.035 0.094 0.177 1.141 0.395 0.089 0.414 5.88 5.7 704.7 23.11 2

CO98 3/25/2014 4/1/2014 1.898 0.122 0.075 0.066 0.367 1.315 0.583 0.105 0.865 6.95 15.2 315.1 61.47 6

CO98 4/1/2014 4/8/2014 0.16 0.014 0.008 0.018 0.115 0.283 0.153 0.018 0.24 5.69 3 985.6 32.26 3

CO98 4/8/2014 4/15/2014 0.134 0.017 0.021 0.025 0.184 0.312 0.214 0.02 0.165 5.96 2.9 1388.8 44.96 4

CO98 4/15/2014 4/22/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.5 4.57 

CO98 4/22/2014 4/29/2014 0.548 0.055 0.034 0.087 0.125 0.358 0.178 0.059 0.354 6.47 5.2 360.4 28.96 2
Table 1–1. Wet-deposition sample analysis data for colocated sites CO89 and CO98, water years 2010–14.—Continued [Date on, start of weekly sample collection; Date off, end of weekly sample collection; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NH4, ammonium; NO3, nitrate

chloride; SO4, sulfate; pH, negative log of hydrogen-ion molarity; Cond, specific conductance in microSeimens per centimeter; Svol, sample volume in milliliters; RG ppt, rain 

limeters; Sub ppt, sample volume converted to depth substituted for missing weekly RG ppt. Lab types: W, sufficient volume for analysis; WD, dilution necessary to obtain vol

week; T, valid trace sample with insufficient volume for analysis. Inval codes: b, bulk sample (collector was open continuously); c, contaminated; d, debris; e, extended samplinhandling protocol problems; m, missing data; u, undefined; v, inadequate volume for analysis; z, site operation problems; *, no Inval code assigned. QR (Quality Rating) codes: B, valid with minor problems; C, invalid. Concentrations in milligrams per liter. Valid dry week samples have no chemical data and have QR code of A. --, no data] Site Date on Date off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 N Cl SO4 pH Cond Svol RGppt 

CO98 4/29/2014 5/6/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 4.06 

CO98 5/6/2014 5/13/2014 0.181 0.021 0.036 0.052 0.14 0.338 0.185 0.069 0.229 5.96 3.1 2194.8 71.63 7

CO98 5/13/2014 5/20/2014 0.518 0.069 0.034 0.12 0.439 1.437 0.666 0.187 0.872 6.01 8.3 442.6 14.99 1

CO98 5/20/2014 5/27/2014 0.052 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.419 0.677 0.479 0.023 0.215 6.06 4.1 2630.2 39.12 3

CO98 5/27/2014 6/3/2014 0.623 0.072 0.069 0.073 0.694 1.886 0.966 0.173 0.927 6.3 11.1 -- 14.73 1

CO98 6/3/2014 6/10/2014 0.828 0.114 0.084 0.134 0.647 1.911 0.935 0.2 1.526 6.14 12.8 279.4 6.35 

CO98 6/10/2014 6/17/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 5.08 

CO98 6/17/2014 6/24/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.45 229.4 16.8 3.56 

CO98 6/24/2014 7/1/2014 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 4.57 

CO98 7/1/2014 7/8/2014 0.435 0.064 0.092 0.092 0.527 1.423 0.731 0.175 0.736 6 8.7 281.8 6.35 

CO98 7/8/2014 7/15/2014 0.125 0.018 0.033 0.019 0.306 0.848 0.43 0.048 0.281 5.46 5.2 624.6 8.89 

CO98 7/15/2014 7/22/2014 0.445 0.066 0.107 0.089 0.619 1.185 0.749 0.146 0.697 6.21 9.2 965 13.97 1

CO98 7/22/2014 7/29/2014 0.291 0.025 0.05 0.018 0.419 0.861 0.52 0.049 0.393 6.02 6 2087.5 29.97 2

CO98 7/29/2014 8/5/2014 0.017 0.002 0.01 0.005 0.044 0.256 0.092 0.015 0.086 5.23 3.1 4897.6 74.17 7

CO98 8/5/2014 8/12/2014 0.123 0.018 0.029 0.015 0.351 0.907 0.478 0.054 0.495 5.03 7.6 1021.7 14.22 1

CO98 8/12/2014 8/19/2014 0.087 0.011 0.014 0.017 0.246 0.684 0.346 0.044 0.304 5.39 4.9 846.5 11.68 1

CO98 8/19/2014 8/26/2014 0.083 0.01 0.018 0.02 0.165 0.612 0.267 0.039 0.262 5.26 4.6 1336.4 20.83 2

CO98 8/26/2014 9/2/2014 0.15 0.018 0.071 0.027 0.265 0.925 0.415 0.073 0.343 5.4 5.7 1350.5 22.1 2

CO98 9/2/2014 9/9/2014 0.138 0.019 0.023 0.044 0.265 0.862 0.401 0.078 0.315 5.43 5 1061.5 15.49 1

CO98 9/9/2014 9/16/2014 0.048 0.007 0.024 0.015 0.066 0.249 0.108 0.023 0.11 5.43 3 1674.6 27.43 2

CO98 9/16/2014 9/23/2014 0.033 0.005 0.01 0.014 0.115 0.33 0.164 0.024 0.182 5.35 3.4 1773.8 28.7 2

CO98 9/23/2014 9/30/2014 0.05 0.006 0.006 0.009 0.134 0.289 0.17 0.015 0.226 5.49 3.1 1737.1 32.51 3
Wetherbee

—Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Measurements for Colocated Sites at Rocky Mountain National Park—SIR 2016–5051

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165051