then transferred the rights acquired to the British South Africa Company, the
celebrated "Chartered" of Rhodes, from which Rhodesia was truly born.

Later, and in view of the passiveness of the Company of Mozambique and the
Portuguese authorities, the Beira Railways were founded for exploiting those
rights. It had its headquarters in London and a capital of 600,000 pounds,
305,000 of which belonged to Chartered.

The life of that company was characterized by mixture of arrogance, complaisance
on the part of the Company of Mozambique in whose territory it worked, but
whose interests it never opposed, and once in a while the raising of the voice
of a Portuguese colonialist wounded in his patriotic spirit.

In 1942, the Company of Mozambique, its concession ended, turned over to the
Portuguese authorities the territories over which it exercised majestic powers.
In 1943, a socialist deputy proposed in the Rhodesian parliament the nationaliza-
tion of all railways, which included the Beira Railways. The proposal was
approved. However, since it needed ratification by London, it remained waiting
for the end of the war. At that time Beira Railways was already subordinated to
Rhodesia Railways. On 24 March 1949, after various negotiations, in which
Minister of Foreign Affairs Caeiro da Mata Minister for the Colonies, Marcelo
Caetano participated, the Portuguese Finance Ministry published a decree-law
whereby the purchase of Beira Railways was authorized for the sum of 4 million
pounds. On 2 April of the same year, in Lisbon, two agents of the Beira Railways
Company Limited, with headquarters in London, sold the company for the 4 million
pounds to the Portuguese government. An important missing part; the Rhodesian
government in whose parliament a proposal for nationalization was approved and
who was the owner of the Rhodesia Railways which managed the now sold company ,
did not figure in the contract. They said that some of its members were at the
banquets, in the hallways, in the parties but the government did not sign. And
it remained with that aggravation, one of the many which the English government
caused it from time to time.

A Significant Research

Nearly 2 years ago, researchers of the University of Harare, accompanied by
an American professor who worked there, were in Lisbon. They were seeking
“historical” documentation on the area of Mozambique through which the railway
line and the Beira-Untali oil pipeline crosses, specifically the agreements
entered into by Paiva de Andrade with the local chiefs for the occupation of
their territories. These were agreements which coincidentally carried the
possibility of the realization of the successive plans of that colonialist:
the Societe des Fondateurs de la Compagnie Generale de Zimbeze, the Company of
Ophir, the first Company of Mozambique which was not majestic, and the second
Company of Mozambique, majestic, with its capital linked to London, of which
we have already spoken.

For reasons which may also be a coincidence, the oil pipeline runs over land

previously granted to the railroad, which was a concession of the last of
those companies. That land was described in the contract like this: "the

55


According to their argument, the reform process has been hijacked by revolu-
tionary and criminal elements who are intent upon sowing mayhem and murder

in the townships. So long as they were allowed to continue doing this, reform
could not continue. Therefore it was necessary for the government to act de-
cisively (that is a euphemism for the imposition of a state of emergency) so
as to rout out these elements and clear the way for reform.

‘This argument thus sees the use of physical repression or kragdadigheid not as
the alternative to reform but rather as complementary to it. Far from the
emergency representing an end to reform, it is seen here as being a necessary
part of the reform process.

It is not easy to decide between these two viewpoints largely because there
are good arguments on both sides. Certainly, as the Kannemeyer Commission
and some newspapers have pointed out, there does seem to be evidence of police
excesses in the townships--but does this necessarily mean that the government
has lost control of the police? And if it has lost or is losing dontrol, then
why has it responded with a state of emergency which gives the police even
greater autonomy than they had before.

On the other hand, in announcing the emergency Mr Botha made it clear that
"law-abiding" citizens had nothing to fear and that it was only those whose
aim was the destruction of the society who were in danger. Recently, he went
further informing representatives of ASSOCOM and the FCI that the "government's
basic commitment to reform was undiminished."

But can Mr Botha really believe that after a massive crackdown of the kind we
are witnessing at the moment he can simply pick up reform where he left off
before the emergency?

This raises the question of what the reform initiative is actually about in the
first place. The word 'reform' is on everybody's lips at the moment, but what
does it actually mean?

Our recently recalled ambassador-who-never-was to the US told American tele-
vision viewers that reform is about greater democratization and liberalisation
in SA. Not surprisingly, hidsviews slot in neatly with the ‘apartheid is dead!
brigade, but it seems to me this is not the crux of what the government's reform
initiative is all about. :

The government's earlier version of apartheid, which was intended to ensure
white political control in SA, suffered from a number of serious shortcoming.
These included the failure of the Bantustan system to win any major local or
international support and the problem of political representation for urban
Africans, coloureds and Indians--none of which were satisfactorily catered for.
The reform initiative seeks to provide a more satisfactory means of dealing
with these shortcomings without sacrificing the overall aim of white political
control.

Coloureds and Indians are to be offered parliamentary representation--but
white domination of the tricameral system is retained. Urban Africans are

119



JPRS+SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

TAWIAH ANNOUNCES SERVICES GOVERNMENT WILL PROVIDE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Sep 85 pp 1,5
[Article by James Mensah]

{Text] The government will continue to provide the necessary infrastructure
like good roads, water, and electricity to supplement the communal efforts of
the people, Mr Ebo Tawiah, a member of the PNDC had said.

To this end, he said it is the responsibility of every Ghanaian to get
involved in the affairs of the nation from the village and community level for
the success of the country's economic recovery programme.

Mr Ebo Tawiah was addressing a grand durbar of chiefs and people of the
Nkusukum Traditional Area in the Central Region to mark their annual Odambea
Festival on Saturday.

In this direction, the PNDC member said the government has embarked on a
number of development projects at a total cost of C13.3 million in the
Nkusukum Traditional Area.

The projects are a C3 million block of flats for the Mfantsiman Secondary
School, a new District Offices for the Ghana Education Service at the cost of
C2.5 million,. the completion of blocks of flats for the Ghana Police Service
at the cost of C5.5 million and a suitable accommodation for the Irrigation
Development Authority (IDA) at Mankessim, estimated to cost C2.3 million.

Mr Ebo Tawiah announced that the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation (GWCS)
is also undertaking improvement works at the Baafikrom headworks of water
supply to produce additional water for the Saltpond area.

This, he explained, is side by side of the C5.5 million Cape Coast Water
Supply System which is under an extension programme by Messrs Allemange Bau
Union (ABU), a German firm to provide considerable improvement in the water
supply system in the Cape Coast and Mfantsiman districts.

On the decline in production at the Saltpond Ceramics, Mr Ebo Tawiah said the
government is prepared to assist the factory to be on its feet.

21



NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained. .

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402. .

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS*SSA+854099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVE RANKS SPLIT ON DISTRICT SERVICE COUNCILS QUESTION
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Aug 85 p 8

[Text] Pretoria--A storm has flared up in the Conservative Party after
Mr Fanie Ferreira, Dr Treurnicht's member of provincial council in
Waterberg, revolted against the Conservative Party's leadership over the
party's summary rejection of the district service councils.

Mr Ferreira is in favor of the proposed structures in which Whites, Coloreds,
Indians and Blacks would be jointly represented for the purpose of making
decisions about the provision of municipal services.

Yesterday Mr Ferreira stated: "I do not intend to digress from my point
of view or make any excuses for it. It is clear that I have reached the
crossroad."

This difference can develop into an enormous embarrassment for Dr Treurnicht,
the Conservative Party leader, because it is his own member of the provincial
council who is now openly revolting against a key aspect of the party's
policy on local administrative matters.

The Conservative Party strongly opposed the bill on district service

councils when it was introduced in Parliament this year. This week, during
its Transvaal Congress, the Conservative Party adopted a point for discussion,
rejecting the principle of district service councils.

Disunity has been brooding for sometime within the Conservative Party over
Mr Ferreira's point of view, especially in the Transvaal Provincial Caucus,

The possibility that the Conservative Party leadership will be taking
disciplinary measures against Mr Ferreira is not being excluded. Yesterday,
Mr Ferreira said that he had requested an urgent interview with Dr Treurnicht
for the purpose of discussing this matter.

Mr Ferreira, a prominent businessman, mayor and esteemed member of the local
government of Naboomspruit, said that, for him, this is a very difficult
matter, because he cherishes a great personal loyalty for Dr Treurnicht.

He supports the District Service Councils also because he regards this as
an opporunity for insuring good services for his people at a local level.

115



According to an explanation by Gen Fernando Matavele, a veteran of the
times of armed struggle, the people have been grouped in yillages., They are
provided with clothing and food offered "because of natural disasters" and
given military training and weapons for defense against "armed bandits,"

as the members of the MNR are usually called.

Importance of the Chiefs and Witchdoctors

In all the small towns through which we passed, we met men in yellowish
Khaki uniforms with.gold colored buttons, cap with the hammer and sickle

and a black plastic visor and knee-high leather boots, as if we had suddenly
been transported to a Soviet film on the Bolshevik revolution.

These are called "local forces" and insure the sanitary ~ cordon between the
population and the MNR. They assure us that the system works when it is
made up of military men who always have specified tasks “to prevent creating
another type of bandits."

At the base the situation was difficult--500 armed men and a population of
over 1,000 human beings held there compulsorily.

As an expedient the sweet juice estracted from wild palms, "chema," was used
as food, as was game caught in traditional snares. Food (scarce in the dry
area) was collected by the “madjubas." These were persons drafted from among
the population, functioning as a reconnaissance force. They were also
responsible for seeking food, which they stole from the peasants. That is
the reason for the dismal picture and the extremely miserable appearance of
the people who daily converge on Chichococha after the last vestiges of fear
had been overcome in the jungle.

There is little evidence of the attacks remaining. Some burned huts, six
hastily dug graves of "bandits abandoned in the field," six machineguns,
"rocket" and mortar grenades and two elephant tusks.

Jonas Mucavele, captain of one of the forces which unleashed the attack, says
more than 100 members of the MNR were killed. In their retreat, and as is
usual, bodies were carried away on mules and carts, a means of transportation
much used in the area.

The infantry attack was preceded by bombardment with MI-25 helicopters and
heavy artillery.

It is not possible to find out about the attack. The people say little. They
remain irresolute and dull eyed. The violence of war and the hardships of
hunger explain their incredulity to the aggressiveness of the cameras and
flashguns.

Nhandire of Manica, a former sergeant and a deserter from the Mozambican

Army, commanded the base with the help of the witchdoctor, Matacuano, an
important person because of his traditional position over the people.

64



JPRS*SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MACHAVA '7 APRIL' COOPERATIVE SHOWS MARKETING SUCCESS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] The 7 April Production Cooperative, located in the Machava area, has to
date accrued profits totaling the sum of 1,676,371.50 meticals, an amount
resulting from the marketing of its agricultural and livestock products during
seven consecutive campaigns. This information was disclosed last. weekend,
during the course of a social gathering held there to mark the seventh anniver-
sary of the creation of that production unit.

This agricultural-livestock production unit, belonging to OMM [Organization of
Mozambique Women], was created in 1978, its members being women who, until
that year, had been producing on individual farms for their self-sufficiency.

Comprising the cooperative are 58 women residing in different sections of
Machava. Their integration into that collective production unit was due to
the mobilization work done by the OMM.

Based on information collected by our reporter, it was noted that one of the
main activities decided as a priority after the creation of the cooperative
was the development of agricultural production as a means of helping to combat
hunger.

The second most important task was to start breeding small species of animals,
in what constitutes part of the program to diversify its activities.

As some cooperative members remarked, the growth that has occurred is a response
to the mobilization work done by the OMM in the city of Maputo.

The subjects of our interviews did not fail to cite the contribution which that
collective production unit can (and is) making to combat hunger, one of the
priorities decided by the FRELIMO Party's Fourth Congress.

Showing What They Produce

Showing what they produce to their relatives and to other citizens was the
decision made by the cooperative members. Taking advantage of the date marking

75



JPRS*SSA*854099
16 October 1985

BOTSWANA

BPU LEADER SAYS COUNTRY SHOULD NOT USE FORCE
MB230632 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 5010 GMT 23 Sep 85

[Text] The leader of the opposition Botswana Progressive Union, [BPU] Mr D.
Kwele, says Botswana with its small population and army cannot and should not
use force in answer to the increasingly violent and hostile political develop-
ments in the region. Speaking during his party's second annual conference at
Nkange over the weekend, Mr Kwele said Botswana must be pragmatic in dealing
with her neighbors in the region where domestic policies were causing problems
and instability in the entire subcontinent. He, however, pointed out that
this does not mean that the Botswana Defense Force should not defend the
nation whenever the need arose. He said the forces should only be used as a
last resort.

The BPU leader stated that Botswana should feel free to speak openly against
what they see as wrong. He said for Botswana to continue to uphold individual
rights and democracy on which the country's philosophy is based and continue
to be the cornerstone of her nationhood, it must give sanctuary to people
fleeing from oppression and also allow them to enjoy individual rights.

He called on the government to come up with a clear foreign policy which will
represent the aspirations of the whole nation. Mr Kwele also condemned the

14 June South African raid on Gaborone and described it as a barbaric act by
the uncivilized Pretoria regime.

cso: 3400/19

li



In Lenasia, the uncertainty is mainly among older people concerned about their
businesses, their jobs, the future of their children. The excitement is mainly
among the young, who want majority rule now and know that violence or not,
South Africa is heading quickly towards a new, majority-ruled order.

There is the shopkeeper who makes enough money to keep his family in a com-
fortable home, drives a good car, and is now worried about the bank withdrawing
his overdraft which will plunge him into bankruptcy.

"The recession is bad. Business is down. How long can this go: on?" he asks.

He, like many people without bit investments, believes the country's economic
ills can be blamed on rich whites who have stached away large amounts of money
abroad.

"The English," he says, “are here only for the money. They make sure they

get it out. As soon as trouble starts, they run away. The Jews have for

long been sending money to Israel and America. The Afrikaners are also get-
ting clever. The rich ones are taking their money to Europe and South America.

"And now the rich Indians are getting into the act."

O£ course, he says, he has no proof, "but everyone knows it's true."

He won't leave the country. He would if he could--if he had the money. So
he blames the rich and the government: "The whites have taken everything for
themselves, but they won't share. If the Africans take over, they will want
their pound of flesh.

“Who can blame them? We're innocent, we have no power to change anything.
We're in a minority. But when trouble comes, they won't look at it that
way."

He says if Mandela takes over, there may be some hope. Just a little. Older
Indians point to Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu as being friends of the
Indian community.

“But in a revolution, who is going to control the mobs? Look how they're burn-
ing their own people."

"Either way," says the businessman, "we lose."
"We shall win," says a Lenasia student. By "we" he means the "oppressed".

To him there is no question of leaving the country. "This is my country. My
parents and grandparents toiled to make it here.

"The apartheid regime's days are numbered. The racists know it. That's why

they're in such a panic, letting the troops loose in the townships and declar-
ing a state of emergency."

124



JPRS~SSA+854099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA'S THREAT TO EXPEL MIGRANT MINE WORKERS CRITICIZED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 pé6

[Text] Once again Mr P. w. Botha has vigorously addressed himself to the
youth. This time it was before the students of Potchefstroom,

We do not understand this and we consider that at this point in time it

is senseless to alienate hundreds of millions of workers in the world, The
cause for this was the anti-South Africa announcement on the part of the
Security Council of the United Nations, which is otherwise mostly a dragon
with rubber teeth.

As long as the United Nations, and especially the Security Council, are
generally represented to second rank politicians, there will also be

Carpios and they will have to have something to keep them busy and to justify
their positions.

It is a serious matter, however, to conduct a vigorous internal policy for
a group of students by playing with the welfare of one and one-half million
breadwinners before the eyes of the entire world, In any case, it is clear
that the Botha government is giving very little attention to the lot of
workers,

By mid 1982 there were surely 3 million unemployed in South Africa and
the government's economic policy has added 126,000 Whites and 600,000
not-Whites to that number since 1984,

The quick repatriation of people from neighboring countries who are mainly
employed in the mining industries is impractical. The non-Whites in South
Africa are not willing to work in the mines; therefore, it will be difficult
to keep the mining sector going without the appropriate labor force, keeping
in mind that this sector is responsible for 80 percent of our exports and
directly or indirectly contributes 35 Percent of our GNP.

After taking notice of this (if that intention is really true) we find
ourselves at a loss in knowing what is going to be left of the Nkomati
Treaty.

Naturally, we are willing to support the state president if he wants to

apply measures for putting into practice the gradual replacement of foreign
labor by our own unemployed,

130



the party and governor of Gaza, Col Aurelio Manave, traveled to the plots of
land in Inhamissa and Sotuene, where, after touring vast areas on foot, he
devised some instructions in an attempt to minimize the situation until it is
finally resolved.

At the plot of land in Inhamissa, Aurelio Manave, accompanied by some officials
from the Office of Green Zones of the City of Xai-Xai, the Executive Council
and the City Committee, managed to confirm the presence of extensive farming
areas which were flooded.

When queried on the site by our reporter, one Green Zones official reported
that, owing to the floods, it is estimated that, during the 1984-85 agricul-
tural campaign, nearly 57 hectares of rice in the family sector were devoured
by the water.

Although he declined to give further details on the situation, the same source
told us: "There are areas in which the water reached depths of as much as 40
or 50 centimeters."

When asked to comment on the reasons for these floods, the source from the
Green Zones Office said that this has occurred because the main drainage
ditches are partly or completely clogged, owing to the excessive vegetation
and dirt.

The same source remarked: "To put an end to this situation, there must be hard
work and careful, permanent maintenance of the ditches."

People's Meetings

The existence of flooded land in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Gaza
is a major concern for the party and local Executive Council officials.

In fact, the need for immediate. work to clean the drainage ditches for water
flooding vast areas of collective farms on the belt around the city of Xai-Xai,
aimed at their rehabilitation for farming was a key issue discussed by the
first secretary of the party and governor of Gaza, Col Aurelio Manave, during
people's meetings recently held in the Marien N'Gouabi, Patrice Lumumba and
Unity Communal Sections.

With the participation of over 2,000 persons from various parts of the city,
the three meetings dealt primarily with the main problems faced by the peasants
during the course of the preparations for the forthcoming agricultural campaign.

During the debate, the population submitted to the governor of. Gaza various
suggestions aimed at improving their agricultural production ‘during the coming
seasons; underscoring the lack of production tools, such as plows, hoes,
machetes and others.

70



AGRICULTURE MINISTRY OPENS NEW 'WORKER SHOPS'

JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 7 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by Akwele Ajavon]

[Text]

cso:

3400/41

ADEAL which will al- *

low workers to buy food
roduced and handled
by organisations under
the Ministry of Agri-
culture will soon be in-
troduced. .

Under the deal shops
will be opened at vantage
points throughout the
country to sell food items
such as palm fruits, palm
oil, smoked and canned
fish cheaply and directly to
workers.

This was announced by
Mr Commodore-Mensah,
Under Secretary for Agri-
culture (Livestock) when
he opened the ministry's
first “Workers Shop” in

Accra yesterday. :

The shop, located near
the Ministry of Agricult-
ure, will in addition sell
beef and mutton from the

Meat: Marketing Board
(MMB) every Tuesday
and Friday.

The beef and mutton
will sell at ¢210 and €253
per kilo respectively in-
stead of the apen market
price of ¢140 a pound.

Mr Commodore-
Mensah also disclosed
plans by the ministry to
operate similar shops in
the country’s markets to
eater for the general pu-
blic.

Asa first step, the MMB
will start selling alongside

28

butchers in all markets in
Accra by the end of this
month, the Under Secre-
tary said. -

According to him, the
ministry hopes to elimina-
te agents from the sale of
food items produced: by
state organisations
through the introduction
of the shops.

“It is not enough for
these organisations te pro-
duce if majority of Gha-
naians do not benefit from
their marketing strategy.
They must deliver the
goods directly to the ma-
jority but not to the mino-
rity for the majority’.
declared Mr Commodore-
Mensah.

GHANA



JPRS“SSA¥85+099
16 October 1985

minister of justice, Ussumane Aly Dauto, create District People's Courts in
Zumbo, in Maravia, Zambezia; in Mopeia, Pemba; and in Maganja da Costa, Zambezia.
With the creation of the judicial organs, the Municipal Courts of those dis-
tricts are abolished, and their personnel and furnishings will become part of
the secretariats and assets of the new courts. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 10] 2909 .

CREDIT AGREEMENTS RATIFIED--According to the Bulletin of the Republic, the Coun-
cil of Ministers of the People's Republic of Mozambique has just ratified two
credit agreements and an accord on cooperation, concluded between the Mozambican
Government and Italian and French institutions, and with the Kuwait Fund. The
Council of Ministers ratified the credit agreement concluded with Medio Credito
Centrale of Italy, signed on 18 June of this year, for financing the purchase

of equipment and services for the port of Maputo. It ratified the credit
agreement concluded with Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique of France,
signed last July to finance the project to support the 1985-86 agricultural

and livestock marketing campaigns. The Council of Ministers ratified the accord
on financing concluded between the Mozambican Government and the Kuwait Fund,
signed last June to finance technical assistance and equipment for the National
Directorate of Ports and Railroads railway project. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 10] 2909

MILITARY TRAINING FOR DRIVERS--Mario Machungo, leader of the province of
Zambezia, urged transportation and technical assistance enterprises to
organize to serve customers better. The director of Zambesia, was speaking
at the close of the meeting of the Expanded Consultative Council of the
Provincial Directorate of Highway Transportation held last week in Quelimane.
That member of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party Central Committee,
also recommended that all workers of the highway transportation sector
should receive military training. Machungo also said that the military
training of highway transportation workers would allow the neutralization
of any enemy attacks and would insure greater safety in the movement of
vehicles. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 23 Aug 85 p 2]
8908

CHINGOZI AIRPORT REPAIRS--The Chingozi Airport at Tete is undergoing some
repairs, it was reported yesterday by RADIO MOZAMBIQUE. According to the
source, a local maintenance enterprise is repairing runway illumination so
as to provide greater visibility to the airport and facilitate aerial
navigation. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 19 Aug 85 p 3]
8908

cso: 3442/412

99


IPRS4SSA4854099
16 October 1985

GHANA

PROCUREMENT SERVICES FOR CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DETAILED
London TALKING DRUMS in English 2 Sep 85 p 10

[Text] Delivering the keynote address to mark of all such supplies imported from

the Silver Jubilee of the Ghana Supply
Commission in Accra at the end of
July, the Secretary for Finance and
Economic Planning, Dr Kwesi Botch-
way, vowed that he was going to get
tough with corrupt practices that had
permeated the import-export business
in Ghana especially within the public
sector. He said: ‘‘we in government are
very determined to clear up roguery in
the import-export trade, no matter
whose ox or cow is gored. The purge to
flush out corrupt practices will
continue.”

If by that the Secretary was referring
to the recent execution of people
alleged to have stolen fantastic
amounts of money from banks, then it
is an important indication that the
spate of executions have not been
curtailed and that government silence
on the matter is only a deception. Dr
Botchway stressed that ‘‘we shall set
out to improve managerial and produc-
tion capabilities of state agencies so
that they do not become a drain on
public funds.’’ By that he was no
doubt referring to the Ghana Supply
Commission (GSC) which has become
notorious for corruption in the issue of
tenders for procurement of equipment
and machinery within state enterprises
and falsification of procurement
orders.

The GSC was established in 1960
to take over full responsibility for
central government purchasing. It has
a duty to procure the supplies for all
Ministries, Departments, Corpor-
ations, Local Authorities and Educa-
tional Institutions. The GSC has
responsibility for the standardisation

35

abroad to ensure that they conform to
required international standards of
quality and capability especially in the
case of machinery and equipment.

The GSC also acts as a clearing agent
for all government cargoes that land at
the ports. The purchase of shoddy
goods and discarded stuff from abroad
from the harbour constitute few of the
many criticisms that are often levelled
against the Commission.

A national weekly expressed ‘‘con-
cern over the slow deliveries of supplies
ordered by the GSC and notes that the
commission’s London office which has
a duty to check price comparison and
handle orders for emergency supplies
as is in the case of drugs and defence
equipment, is steeped up in bureau-
cracy and red-tapeism.’”

On the occasion of this Silver
Jubilee, the Public Relations Officer of
the GSC, in a press statement, outlined
the problem and achievements in 25
years. The failure of some government
departments to utilise the services of
the Commission and by-passing it in
the course of procurement services, the
delays in obtaining financial guaran-
tees from the Accountant General’s de-
partment to cover indents raised by
departments and institutions and to
meet expenses on payment of custom
duties and port clearing charges were
mentioned.

Institution Supplies procured by
GSC

Ghana Airways Aeroplanes, DC-9
aircraft

Ghana Railways Diesel electric
locomotives

Ministry of Roads and Prefabricated Bailey
Highways Bridges



At the time when this interview was granted to us, Ressai Sande lacked enough
figures to make a comparative graph. on the rates of production obtained in
each year of the decade recently celebrated. However, he said that in the
1983-1984 season the family and. private sector sold cashew nuts in the
amount of 135,271 tons, figure which may. be exceeded this season because of
the improvement of the military situation and the increased productivity

of the trees after the cleaning and conservation of the cashew tree groves
was concluded.

Social Area Grew

In the area of education, from 1975 to 1981 the number of primary education
schools doubled from the 29 existing in the colonial era to 58 establishments
taught by 86 Mozambican teachers. Average annual attendance also climbed

at a dizzying rate because nationalization of education opened access to
schools to all children, regardless of the financial status of their
respective parents or those responsible for their education.

With annual attendance estimated at 3,204 students, it is deduced that each
year 55 students entered each primary.school in Chibabava. If it had not
been because terrorism and the panic aroused by the jungle-like actions of
the armed bandits having reduced the number of schools to six units as of
1982, with an average of 980 students taught by 20 teachers, our reasoning
would lead us to the logical conclusion that in the 10 years of independence
more than 32,040 children would have benefitted from primary education in
that district.

"With respect to health," says our interviewee, "the greatest qualitative
leap was the creation of another health center in Mangunde and seven health
stations in Mucheve, Murigue, Goonda, Eduardo Mondlane, Revue and Montongua
(in the region of Save)."”

From only one male nurse, which the district had in the colonial period,
Chibabava today has a reasonable roster of qualified personnel in the field
of health, consisting of a medical technician, a preventive medicine
agent, 11 male nurses and a midwife, in addition to have 21 orderlies and
one cook in auxiliary services.

On the other hand, the district has a sales network made up of 54 stores,
including a consumer cooperative, two restaurants, five bars and 13 bakeries,
of which 10 were built after independence.

"After independence we also built the party district headquarters, a kitchen
in the health center, six houses, a market, and in each locality, at the
initiative of the people, headquarters were built for the party and
Executive Councils of the People's Assemblies, as well as schools and some
residences for teachers," he said in conclusion.

60



The areas affected are mostly in the Fumbisi valley and the Tono irrigated
areas.

Many of the farmers have claimed that taking the cost of ploughing, harrowing,
transplanting of seeds and employment of farm workers, they would incur heavy
losses if they sold their rice below what they are demanding.

Meanwhile statistic released by the Ministry of Agriculture indicate that rice
farmers are making more productive and efficient use of their land.

The average yield in tonnes per hectare declined to a low point of 0.76 in
1982. In 1984, for the first time, it rose above one tonne per hectare to
1.16, and the results for 1985 are expected to be even better.

A spokesman for the Ministry indicated that these figures are significant,
since it is in the national interest to increase production by improving the
producivity per hectate by more careful and efficient cultivation than to do
so by simply clearing new land to expand inefficient farms. Clearing of new
lands, he said, leads to deforestation and its associated ecological problems,
and it is therefore encouraging to see a trend towards better use of existing
farmlands.

cso: 3400/37

31



JPRS*SSA*85*099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ATTACK ON FORMER RENAMO ENCAMPMENT DESCRIBED
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 23 Aug 85 p 7

{Article by Fernando Lima: “Mozambique: The Battles of a War (still)
Without End"]

[Text] The Red Cross arrived at the site more than a month ago but the
visible results are still minor. Chichococha, name of the lake, a place
without the right to its own name, was the provincial base of the MNR
(Mozambique National Resistance) for coordination of operations in Gaza

and Maputo in southern Mozambique. The base was occupied by the Mozambican
Army at the end of June. In addition to the soldiers, there are now 500 fa-
mished people depending on the humanitarian aid being hauled through the
trails being torn through the inhospitable jungle by the treads of the

T-54 tanks.

In the second half of 1983, a military offensive in the province of
Inhambana destroyed the base of Tome, considered the main center of the MNR
in the south of the country. The survivors traveled to the south in the
direction of Gaza and Maputo and to the north in the direction of Manica,
from where the majority of the MNR military commanders come.

Information collected from the population, lead to the belief that
Chichococha began to function as a base for coordination and deployment of
forces in September 1984. Despite being located in the district of Panda
(Inhambane) its soldiers carried out their actions more to the south in
order to avoid the Mozambican Army.

The trip by newsmen who visited Chichococha began at Chibuto, a small-town
with little traffic and trade, which now serves as the military command for
the province of Gaza.

More to the north, starting at Changanine, where a half dozen farm houses
were destroyed by the MNR in 1983, the road disappears as soon as the River
Changane, which is the border between Gaza and Inhambane, is crossed. The
IFA, an East German four-wheel drive vehicle, crosses the brackish water
swamps and the tangled forest with enormous difficulty, using the trails
left by tracks of the armored vehicles used in the operation against the
MNR. ‘There is no agricultural production, there are no people to be seen.

63



JPRS*SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

NAMIBIA

SWAPO CALLS FOR 'ATTACK' ON PRETORIA'S GARRISONS
EA191129 Addis Ababa Voice of Namibia in English 1900 GMT 18 Sep 85
{Text] We comment on the fascist invasion of Angola.

The devilish South African regime on Monday once again carried out a massive
invasion of Angola. The latest raid against the People's Republic of Angola,
coming after similar fascist actions by the Botha regime into Botswana and a
commando raid in the Cabinda Province of Angola in recent months, makes it
clear that South Africa is set to intensify its destabilization campaign
against the Frontline states. Using Namibia as a launching pad, the racist
Botha regime has repeatedly committed acts of aggression against Angola and in
the process it has caused extensive damage and destruction to life and property.

For more than 3 years, the Pretoria regime has occupied parts of southern
Angola. During all of South Africa's terrorist actions against Angola, the
generals in Pretoria often claim to be conducting a so-called hot-pursuit
operation against SWAPO forces. However, the people of Angola, the Frontline
states, and the international community as a whole have come to realize that
racist South Africa, acting on behalf of American imperialism, is dead set on
overthrowing the legitimate Government of Angola.

It goes without saying that the invasion of Angola cannot be justified and is
contrary to international law. Racist South Africa has for several years been
engaged in a systematic campaign of destabilization of neighboring independent
African states. In all its efforts aimed at consolidating its illegal occupa-
tion of Namibia and its inhuman apartheid policy at home, the fascist Pretoria
regime has embarked upon a policy of sowing panic among the Frontline states
with the aim of cowing them to abandon their support for the liberation strug-
gle in Namibia and South Africa.

It is ridiculous for the terrorist generals in Pretoria to claim that their
unwarranted invasion of Angola stems from the so-called hot-pursuit operation
against the SWAPO combatants. It should be made clear to fascist Botha and
his blood-spilling generals that since the launching of the armed struggle in
Namibia in 1956, SWAPO forces have been fighting right inside the Namibian
territory.

Our combatants are based in Namibia where the war for national liberation is
gaining momentum each passing day. SWAPO has no soldier or military base

100



not the case as is indicated by the official resolutions of the most recent
General Synod. The Delegation of the Commission for Linkage with the
Government must bring this matter. clearly to the attention of Mr P. W. Botha,

Another minister went on to say: "I am concerned, because both the Dutch
Reformed Church and the government are conceding too much,"

For some time, conservative ministers in particular have been concerned
about the scope of the church's link with the government. It would appear
as though the church's official representations to the government on timely
matters have often placed emphasis on viewpoints which are also followed

in leftist policy. According to DIE KERKBODE, the official newspaper of
the church, representations by the church have, among other things, dealt
with job reservation, the narrowing of the wage gaps, the conditions of

the urban Blacks and the migrant workers.

DIE AFRIKANER was told that there exists the impression that apparently

the rights of Whites do not enjoy priority when church delegations consult
with the government.

7964
CSO: 3401/303

122



JPRS+SSA*854099
16 October 1985

LESOTHO

RADIO COMMENTS ON LEABUA JONATHAN'S GOVERNMENT PROGRAM
MB231738 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 23 Sep 85
{Station commentary: "Focus on the New Government's Program"]

[Text] On Friday 20 September, Rt Dr Leabua Jonathan took the occasion on the
opening of the new government office complex to provide some glimpses into the
thinking and program of action of the new cabinet. The statement that the
prime minister made at the statue of Moshoeshoe 1 is as interesting and
instructive for what Dr Jonathan said and did not say. The statement was wide-
ranging, comprehensive, and deep in insight.

On foreign policy perceptions, the prime minister reiterated Lesotho's long-
standing attitude of seeking a path of friendship towards all, and enmity to
none. Lesotho is.a member of the nonaligned world, and pursues policies that
are designed to contribute to peace, social justice, and the betterment of
humanity.

His majesty's government has consistently avoided positions that resemble cold
war reflexes. Nor is it willing to adhere to positions of arbitration between
the Western or Eastern blocs. This attitude on the part of the new government
should be welcomed by both the nationals of this country and the rest of the
international community.

The prime minister frankly stated that Lesotho would continue friendly rela-
tions with all states, irrespective of their ideological affiliations or
alignment, on the basis of respect for international principles for noninter-
ference in domestic affairs. What Dr Jonathan did not say is what the judg-
ment of government and nationals of this country is on the scale of civilized
behavior for the actions and policies of other states.

The essence of the message was clear: Lesotho's friendship should not be
mistaken for approval of actions of other states. At the same time, amity
with other states should not be construed as license for dictation to Basotho
about what they should or should not do to advance their own interests.

In thanking the Government of the DPRK for its assistance in the construction

of the new government offices and China for drought relief, the prime minister
also thanked the United States for its intervention in ensuring that Lesotho's

41



JPRS#SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DOS SANTOS SPEAKS TO INFORMATION WORKERS IN BEIRA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] The member of the. Politbureau of the FRELIMO Party's Central Committee
and leader of Sofala Province, Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos, recently paid a
working visit to the enterprises and agencies subordinate to the Provincial
Directorate of Information in the city of Beira. It was a visit aimed at
probing the nature of the informational work in the province, how it is done,
with what resources and what prospects there are for its development.

After visiting DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, and the agencies of NOTICIAS, RM [Radio
Mozambique], INC and INLD, Marcelino dos Santos met with the information
workers at the Novocine movie theater. Presenting what he termed a summary
of that visit, the Sofala Province leader remarked:

"We. have come to talk, to discuss information in its various aspects, in order
to view all together how we shall have to continue the informational work, and
how we must develop the informational work. Of course, one particular aspect
is my own concern, as head of the province; it is my concern to become familiar
with information and to find out how both the party and the government, here
in Sofala Province, can better contribute to the progress of your work."

This simple manner of starting the dialogue immediately created a healthy
atmosphere, conducive to dialogue, and the depth of the treatment given to

the multifaceted status of information in this part of the country was due

to that fact. It was actually a remarkable opportunity that we had to converse
quite openly and frankly about our problems, our work, what we are and what

we want to be: a conversation among journalists headed by Marcelino dos Santos
who, as everyone knows, is one of the preeminent figures on the political and
intellectual chess board of this young republic of ours, which he himself
helped to construct, with his toil and intellect.

It was as if he wanted to tell us that he was not here to make an assessment
of his visit, much less to tell us that he brought with him the solution to
our problems; but rather that, at this precise time, the political and organi-
zational offensive was being resumed in the information sector, so that all
of us would be responsible for the manner in which "this information business"
should operate in Mozambique. Marcelino dos Santos commented: "Perhaps as

83



JPRS*SSA85~099
16 October 1985

ANGOLA

NAMIBE'S AGRICULTURAL SITUATION DESCRIBED
Ivanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Aug 85 p 3
[Brticle by Hortencio Sebastiao: "Agriculture Gaining Ground in the Desert"7

[Text] In compensation for being a region of predominantly desert soil, in

Namibe fertility and the existence of water coincide to benefit the agricul-
tural sector, so that there are great possibilities of reaching high levels

of production if there are no natural obstacles.

With established cultivation of vineyards and olive groves, and taking advan-
tage of the valleys and water supplies of the Bero and Giraul ribers » the
development of agriculture is presently directed at restarting other crops,
principally vegetables and fruit.

Distributed in four production groups headquartered in the areas of Tampa,
Giraul, Bibala, Bero Carunjamba, they occupy a total range of 3,500 hectares

of cultivated terrain, where tomatoes » onion, cabbage, watermelons and potatoes
are slowly gaining a foothold, in a province which has always been characterized
as weak in the domain of this basic sector of the national economy.

Meanwhile, during an interview granted to the JORNAL DE ANGOLA reporters in
Namibe, the provincial delegate from the ministry of agriculture, Manuel
Pereira Camaninga, mentioned the road that the agricultural sector is on,
commenting on its prospects, which are believed to be encouraging, with a
view toward minimizing the currently prevalent food shortages.

"To situate the sector in a sphere of self-sufficiency, to gradually replace
subsistence, is the main objective which guides the activity or Nemibe's
agriculture," that official began by stating.

Thus he stated that “one of the main goals concerns the expansion of vegetable
growing through reorganization of the fields » greater freedom to obtain plaus-
ible results, to supply the populations of Namibe and Tombwa; in summary, to
work on creating some surplus production."

He pointed out that in the first semester of the current year, the harvest of
vegetable products was 210 tons and 288 kilos.



National Energy Board Directors Named
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 13 Sep 85)..seeveeeecccsccecceeeee 38

New Works Secretary, Other Appointments
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 13 Sep 85)..sseeessecevsccceecevee 39

Briefs
Delegation Leaves for GDR 40
Italy Provides Soft Loan 40
LESOTHO

Radio Comments on Leabua Jonathan's Government Program
(Maseru Domestic Service, 23 Sep 85)..ssceceeeeecereececeees AL

LIBERIA

Economy's Prospects Explored
(F. W. Wilson; NEW LIBERATION, 5 Sep 85)...+eeesceseereveeeee 43

Power Rivalry Rocks Soso Community
(Gus D. Jaeploe; NEW LIBERIAN, 2 Sep 85).-.ssseeeeeeeeeeseeee 46

Army Needs Hardware in Addition to Arms
(FOOTPRINTS, 4 Sep 85) cececcnceccecccccecerecesseresceeseres 48

Briefs
Indian Ambassador Arrives 50

MOZAMBIQUE

Lucas Pires of Portuguese CDS Party Supports Machel
(O DIA, 22 Aug 85)..ccccecevcceeceecceeecsecesssesseeseesee OL

Zimbabwe Sends Troops To Protect Untali-Beira Corridor
(Ilidio Rocha; 0 JORNAL, 23 Aug B5) ce ccccececececececeeeeeens 2

Chibabava Administrator Assesses Decade of Independence
(Antonio Cesar; DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE, 14 Aug 85)....+.+++seee 57

Attack on Former Renamo Encampment Described
(Fernando Lima; 0 JORNAL, 23 Aug 85)....sceeeseeeeseresceeees 63

Japanese Donation of Food, Vehicles Reported
(NOTICIAS, 7 Sep 85)..cseceeccecceceseenccrcesessesesssereres 06

Maputo Executive Council Chairman Praises Portuguese Aid
(NOTICIAS, 10 Sep 85).ceeeesrceenccccessceeserreccescescrcees 67

Floods Could Hamper Xai-Xai Agricultural Campaign
(NOTICTAS, 5 Sep 85) .sececeereeccrcercsessececccessesesceceee 69

-ce-



NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD DIRECTORS NAMED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Sep 85 p 4/5

[Text]

CSO:

THE PNDC has approv-
ed the appointment of 13
persons to the board of
directors of the National
‘Energy Board, an offi-
cial statement from the
Ministry of Fuel and
Power said in Accra
yesterday. .
‘The statement nam
them as Mr E. Appiah-
Korang, Secretary for Fuel
and Power, chairman; Mr
Leo Denkyi, Technical Di-

rector of the Ministry of
Fuel and Power, executive
director; a representative
of Ministry of Finance and
Economic Planning; Mr L,
Casely-Hayford, .Chief
Executive of VRA; and Mr
A. Q. Kyiamah, Managing
Director of GHAIP Refi-
nery as members.
Other members include
Dr A. K. Addae, acting
Managing Director of
Ghana National: Petro-
leum Corporation; Dr I. K.
Dzokoto, University of
Science and Technology;
Dr E. O. A. Asibey, chief
administrator; Forestry
Commission; Dr W. A.
Adote; Mr A. E. Quayson:
Dr Okonjo; Mr Agbettor,
-and a representative of the
Ghana Institute of Engi-
neers.

3400/40

38

According to the state.
ment, the PNDC fas also
given approval for the
amendment of PNDC Law
62, Section B, increasin;
membership of the ‘boat
from seven to not lessthan
nine and not more than 13,
‘he: statement ‘said the
National Energy Board
(NEB) has the broad re-
sponsibility for the forma-
tion of recommendations
of overalll policy on energy
for the consideration of the
PNDC and will assess the
range of energy resources
available to the nation and
the extent, of the present-
day utilization. .
te said the board will
also monitor the opera-
tions of public bodies with
responsibility for the regu-
lation and management of
energy development and

utilization of national
energy resources in terms
of the policies of the

DC.

The NEB will be ex-
pected to secure a firm ba-
sis of comprehensive data
collection on national
energy resources for natio-
nal decision making and
advise the Secretary for
Fuel and Power on energy
matters, the statement
added. — GNA. *

+099
JPRS+SSA+85+0!
16 October 1985

GHANA


JPRS*SSA#85~099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FLOODS COULD HAMPER XAI-XAI AGRICULTURAL CAMPAIGN
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] From a technical standpoint, the 1985-86 agricultural campaign in the
city of Xai-Xai, Gaza Province, is partially threatened by the flooding of vast
cultivated areas, particularly on the plots of land in Inhamissa and Sotuene,
with the water affecting over 815 and 414 hectares, respectively, where most
of the population of this city has its collective farms. To minimize the
problem, work has already begun to clean the main drainage ditches for water
from the flooded land; work which should be completed during September, when
the agricultural season will start. .

According to a source from the Water Management Unit (UDAS) in Xai-Xai, the
Baixo Limpopo Irrigation System enterprise (SRBL) has already started cleaning
some of the 15-main drainage ditches existing on two plots of land and their
vicinity.

The same source added that, during the 1985-86 agricultural campaign, which is
beginning now, in September, a considerable number of ditches will be available
for draining water on vast areas of the two plots of land.

The source explained that the work to clean the 15 ditches might go on for a
long time, owing to the inadequate machinery for this purpose.

The same source explained: "Except for minor maintenance work, the last time
that cleaning work was done on drainage ditches in the green belt of the city
of Xai-Xai was in 1977; and for this reason the majority of the ditches are
partly, if not completely damaged." He added that, in the work considered as
secondary, the participation of the population will be necessary to aid in it,
so as.to hasten the job, and because the province lacks sufficient machinery
for carrying out the work without hampering the forthcoming agricultural

campaign.
Aurelio Manave Vists Flooded Land

Meanwhile, as part of the program for a series of visits recently paid to
various socioeconomic sectors of the city of Xai-Xai, the first secretary of

69



The delegation included the director of construction and urban development, the
assistant director of urban services and the deputy from the City of Maputo
Assembly, engineer Eduardo Fung.

According to Alberto Massavanhane, all the mayors of the municipalities visited

expressed a desire to render material and human assistance in connection with
the cleaning of cities.

2909
CSO: 3442/416

78



006024
JPRS-SSA-85-099
46 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

- f9ye0228 139 =

_ [FBIS] FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| Reproou REPRODUCED BY
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL

[INFORMATION SERVICE
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ee
| SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 2

cs
ISf.
Aog



JPRS=8844854099
16 October 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

NEW JOURNALS CREATED--Two journalists, the Senegalese Toure Babacar and the
Malian Modibo Keita, have created two monthly journals. They are "VIVRE
AUTREMENT" [Living Differently] for the first and "VIE MEILLEURE" [Better Life]
for second. The journals will not have anything to do with politics and its
troublesome world! According to their promoters, "VIE MEILLEURE" and "VIVRE
AUTREMENT" "are utilitarian publications." They are timeless. Consumption,
culture, and health are some daily problems to be covered. "The journals,
which are based in Dakar, nevertheless have an African mission. The problems
being the same, we must think of solving them on a large scale." One can
therefore understand why Modibo Keita and Toure Babacar recently undertook a
tour of prospection and promotion in West Africa. [Excerpts] [Abidjan
FRATERNITE MATIN in French 25 Sep 85 p 3 AB]

cso: 3400/19

104



That's when they intensify their talk about leaving. And the middle-of-the
road traders worry about their businesses--and the younger people believe
‘the "system" is panicking because their liberation is imminent...

State of emergency or not, there is seldom a dull moment in Lenasia these
days.

Security police keep an eye at almost every political meeting.

TIC and Azapo meetings are banned every now and then. The city council has
been accused by the TIC of refusing it permission to hold rallies at the
Lenasia Civic Centre. Lenasia was among the areas where meetings to cele-
brate Mr Mandela's birthday were banned recently.

Lenasia, far-fetched as it may seen, also has the "system" worried.

cso: 3400/1119

- 127



GHANA

GDM International Conference Calls for Restoration of Democracy
(Ben Mensah; TALKING DRUMS, 2 Sep 85)...scccsecccesceceecees 15

Rawlings Criticizes Government Performance
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 11 Sep 85)..cceceeevecscccccecceees L7

Rawlings Says Government May Take Over Disputed Lands
(Breda Atta—Quayson, Stephen Kofi Akordor; PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC, 2 Sep 85).ecseeccccerceccccccvcccsevesseecesesceses 18

Southern Solidarity Week
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 31 Aug 85).....ssecceescscecceseeee 19

Solidarity Week Launched, by Lloyd Evans 19
Army, Civilians March Against Apartheid, by Lloyd Evans,
Kodjo Atsu 20

Tawiah Announces Services Government Will Provide
(James Mensah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Sep 85).....

Increase in Gold Production Announced
(Albert Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Sep 85)...

Report Recommends Cocoa Prices Fluctuate With Exchange Rate
(Joe Bradford Nyinah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 31 Aug 85).... 26

Obeng Calls for Productivity Incentives
(Faustina Ashrifie; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 3 Sep 85)....... 27

Agriculture Ministry Opens New 'Worker Shops’
(Akwele Ajavon; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 7 Sep 85).......-.+. 28

Northern Region Cotton Farmers Exceed Target
(Kodjo Atsu; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Sep 85)..

Rice Farmers Unwilling To Sell Produce
(Tetteh Quaynor; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 10 Sep 85).....

Natural Gas Utilization Study Submitted
(Mavis Quaicoe; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 11 Sep 85).......++. 32

Function, Organization of Youth Movement Detailed
(Opoku Okatakyie; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 10 Sep 85)........ 33

Procurement Services for Central Government Detailed
(TALKING DRUMS, 2 Sep 85)..

tees see cenceereeeees JD

New Timber Bureau Established, Responsibilities Explained
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Sep 85).

speececeeceee 37

-b-



JPRS#SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSFORMATION OF YOUTH THROUGH VIOLENCE DEPLORED
Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep 85 pp 22-23
[Article by Aggrey Klaaste]

[Text] But for the pain, the anger, the fear, humiliation and the ultimate
uncertainty about self and the lives of others, South Africa would have been
a fascinating country.

It is still spell-binding even if, for a black person, the léveliness of the
country is reflected through its people rather than the heart-stopping land-
scape so typical of large tracts of South Africa.

But times have changed. And so have the people. When I was a youth, some

25 years ago, I had a younger brother who was so unfamiliar with whitessthat
he cried in fright when he saw a white face. We lived then on a mine compound
near Florida called Rand Leases. My father worked as a clerk on the mines,
and a white face was so unfamiliar that it frightened my younger brother. I
am saying he was frightened by a white face, not a white policeman's face.

Today I have sons, who when they see a white face go into a military panto-
mime, turn their little fists into pistols, cover their faces with a cloth.
It is the age of the gun and tearsmoke. The pungency of tearsmoke (used to
be called teargas until the police directorate decided that word was unplea-
sant) is among the things that first hits the nostrils of a boy and girl in
the streets of the township. It has become as familiar as breathing life.

My youngest son still fancies the idea of becoming a policeman, with a
marvellous gun strapped to his tiny waist. But his perspective is on some-
what shifting sand. The others yell and laugh at him for wishing to be some-
thing. as preposterous as a white policeman. He is not more than four to five
but it seems the message is sinking home. There lies no respect anymore in
having a uniform and gun. There lies danger, death and hate.

They used to sell juvenile police fatigue uniforms in shops in the past. The
irony is many youngsters enjoyed wearing these, strutting jauntily almost in
emlation of heroic figures. They seem to have gone out of sale. Perhaps
fashion has changed with the mood.

105



REPORT RECOMMENDS COCOA PRICES FLUCTUATE WITH EXCHANGE RATE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 4/5

[Article by Joe Bradford Nyinah]

[Text]

cso:

THE Gill and Duffus
Cocoa Market Report
has suggested that the
price range of cocoa in
any new agreement be
subjected to automatic
revision with exchange
rate fluctuations to re-
flect th

economic situation.

A commentary in the
current issue of the Cocoa
Market Report recognised
that the first essential
feature of any new cocoa

agreement is that it must
be unharnessed from the
dollar.

The price range, the
commentary noted, must
be set at a level in real
terms which will tend to
encourage the long-term
balance of supply and de-
mand.

It noted that the archi-
tects of previous commo-
dity pacts drew upon eco-
nomic view point which
has now been discredited
by events,

Though they recognised
the harmful effects of vo-
latile export earnings on
economic development,
they failed to recognise the
crucial importance of mar-
ket price in establishing a
balance between food and

3400/38

26

cash crops and between
agricultural and industrial
products, the report said.
This was attributed to
the fact that the architects

live in an era of stable ex-
change rate and consistent
growth,

The effect of this, the
report continued is that it
has contributed to the de-
velopment of structural
surpl
but sugar, coffee and
rubber whilst at the same
time the production of
food crops in some deve-
loping countries has been
made fragile.

Uniess progress is made
on such issues, it noted, it is
unlikely that there will be
sufficient consensus to
establish a new cocoa
agreement.

“Many observers believe

that the Soviet Union, for
instance, will not take Part
in a new agreement unless
both producers and con-
sumers recognise the need
for reform at Geneva”, the
report added.

It cautioned that
without the participation
of either the U.S.A. or the
USSR, it would be unrea-
sonable to expect any
measure of price stabilisa-
tion to be put'into effect.

luses not only in cocoa .

~ JPRS“SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA



Marcelino dos Santos urged the information workers to release their capacity
for initiative, in the search for solutions to the current problems with which
we are struggling. In this connection, he emphasized the responsibility borne
by information for the dynamic development of the country's political, economic,
social and cultural activity. That member of the Politbureau remarked: "A
major effort must still be made so that all of us may believe that it is our
obligation to totally assume the right to decide and.to make our own destiny.
We must strive to make every Mozambican really believe that he is responsible
for the way’ in which political affairs are to progress in Mozambique; that he
is responsible for the way in which economic affairs are to progress in Mozam-
bique; he must believe that he is responsible and has the ability to decide on
how social affairs are to progress in Mozambique."

Marcelino dos Santos stressed: "You bear the responsibility, because it is you
who are information; because you are the ones who report the news on events to
all Mozambican citizens. It is the way in which you are capable of reporting
the news on events that you will be able to contribute, more or less, toward
stimulating the spirit and capacity for initiative This responsibility is a
responsibility of the information workers."

He continued: "When you report the news on events that are occurring in the
areas of agriculture, health, education and transportation, the news on events
that are occurring in the realm of the war against the armed bandits, you are
bringing to all of us a better understanding, better information and a better
ability for each of us in his own sector to act on the reality, to transform it
and to put it in the correct process of development."

The leader of Sofala Province concluded his address with the same symbolic
gesture with which he had introduced the summary of his visit to the various
centers of our activity, by saying: "Now you will have an opportunity to devise
the plan for 1986. Probe deeply into these problems, advance in this process
with clear vision; indicate and propose tasks, so that you may be able to
achieve an increasingly high standing in the process of really making information
a fundamental weapon, an essential tool for raising the political consciousness
of the Mozambican people."

When Marcelino dos Santos stopped talking, one sensed a rather different atmos-
phere in that Novocine room. As had been expected, the meeting with the old
Kalungano had proven fruitful. _Everyone wanted to continue hearing that always
firm but nonetheless melodious voice which, at one point, when he was talking
about the news of events, seemed to us like hearing a poetry recital. And,
after all, it. is this simple way of stating things that makes the message more
accessible and, for the case in question, more activating. And let there be no
doubt that, the more the news on events is prepared on the basis of this simple
manner of stating things, the more it will be, we can rightfully claim, more
activating.

2909
CSO: 3442/417

85


The Mozambican delegation to that international forum also observed that most
of the crime problems affecting Africa were a legacy from the former colonial
powers.

The Mozambican address was delivered based on the title, "Tie new dimensions
of crime in the context of development: challenge for the future,"

The International Congress on Crime Prevention and Combat is taking place
under the auspices of the United Nations.

2909
CSO: 3442/416

80



To accomplish this, all mass organizations, formed by our party as channels of
communications and support for the people's government, must help the masses
and the Local Organizations of State Authority to meet this challenge at all
costs in each village and urban district. In this connection, all supporters
of bureaucratic harassment, particularly those who are asking the masses to
sabotage the identity card regulation, must be unceremoniously denounced and
thwarted.

The Marxist law of "universal connection", which states that nothing is isolated
and everything is interrelated, is not merely something written in books.

The soundness of this law can invariably be verified by everyday activities.
Thus security of the Revolution's militant supporters has to be a matter of
concern at all times. Proper resolution of the security problem compels us to
settle, in a sympathetic manner, the national identity card question. Yet

some persons, filled with nostalgia of a defunct past, have deliberately refused
to obtain such cards despite off-repeated instructions to that effect by the
central authorities. In our state of continuous interdependence, settlement of
the question of prompt issuance of national identity cards to our citizens will
inevitably enable us to flush out of hiding those vile so-called "country
gentlemen" who continue to paralyze our new administration by all sorts of
reactionary behavior, namely dilatoriness, laziness, idleness, absenteeism,
corruption, and nepotism.

Year 10 of the foundation of the People's Republic of Benin and the People's
Revolutionary Party of Benin is a most appropriate occasion for all persons
working in our new administration to vie with each other in making widespread
use of the revolutionary virtues inherent in the devolution, decentralization,
and democratization effected by our people in our administrative system.

Having one's own identity card constitutes evidence of fundamentally good
citizenship. It also means contributing to one's own security.

Prepared for the Revolution!

The struggle goes on!

8041
CSO: 3419/575



JPRS“SSA*85=099
16 October 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

INDIAN AMBASSADOR ARRIVES--The Indian Ambassador to Liberia resident in Accra,
Ghana, Mr. Gurcharn Singh, arrives here today, September 2, for a week-long
visit. According to a release issued from the Indian Consulate, the Ambassador
will be accompanied by his wife, Mrs. Singh. The release said during
Ambassador Singh's stay here, he is expected to hold discussions with Liberian
Government officials on matters of mutual interest to Liberia and India.
Ambassador Singh is also expected to break grounds for a $300,000 Indian
Community School buildings to be constructed at Mamba Point by the community.
[Text] [Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 2 Sep 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/21

50



The manufacturing sector is practically being rehabilitated with the help
of a South African company, TECSERVICE. However, Joao dos Santos Ferreira,
the minister of agriculture, warned; "If we remain dependent on foreign
support we are going to fail. We are in a situation where. we must see what
we can do without waiting for someone else,"

This warning by this official was the result of it having been necessary to
establish methods which make possible a greater contact and a correct
relationship between foreign andnational technicians, adopting efficient
and beneficial work methods. .

With the identification of the critical points in repairs caused by the de-
lay in arrival of equipment, for which TECSERVICE is responsible, at a work
session between that company and national personnel, a timetable for
operations was established, explaining what must be done in the Mozambique
Sugar Factory until the beginning of the harvest.

The National Sugar Institute and the Directorate-general of the enterprise
were made responsible for maintaining a watch over compliance with the dates
of repairs, whose progress varied considerably due to the organizational
reasons already mentioned.

The Situation in the Rural Area

This year the cane has to be cut. This is the slogan with respect to the
situation in the rural area. The cutting of an area estimated at 3,300
hectares is scheduled for the coming harvest; of these, 1,700 hectares have a
yield of 30 to 40 tons per hectare, which is significantly low.

Also in 1985, an area of 400 hectares will be replanted, of which 130 have
already been completed, there remaining 5,560 hectares with the old cane of
around 15 to 16 years of age.

Those are some of the figures in the agricultural area, a long green carpet
which stretches from the area near the factory, coverng a total area of near-
ly 11,000 hectares.

The tens of peasants who work there, are faced with cane damaged by a disease
called "fungus" and another called "borer," which necessarily reduced the
yields which could be called normal.

Engineer Alberto de Sousa Refo, director of Agronomy, explained to us that
“the rural area is sick" because there is very little help due to the lack
of skilled technicians capable of caring for the large canefields. The
entire structure has been harmed by a succession of directors of the branch
and by workers who are unaccustomed to working on the land with technical
agricultural methods.

Also in the rural area, it is noted that irrigation ditches are silted up
and pipes for irrigation are all broken.

92



A rather odd.fact is that some peasants went so far as to request from Governor
Aurelio Manave support for the purchase of tractors... "Order tractors to come;
we have the money to pay for them," remarked one member of the population.

The matter of speculation on.the markets, the black market and the presence of
an increasing number of thieves were other points brought up to the governor
of Gaza by the population.

With regard to these issues, Aurelio Manave called upon the population to be
more vigilant and to report all those who, under any pretext, attempt to become
rich at the expense of others.

Speaking about the matter of. the thieves in particular, Aurelio Manave said
that, "Anyone who ever discover ‘s the existence of instances wherein thieves
have been improperly released should go. immediately to the PPM [Mozambican
People's Police] command on the city level, and report the matter to the
commander himself."

Aurelio Manave made this comment in connection with complaints from certain
members of the population at the three meetings, claiming that when the
people capture and turn in a thief to the competent authorities, he is imme-
diately released and free to threaten the injured party.

2909
cso: 3442/419

71



JPRS*SSA+85+099

NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION STUDY SUBMITTED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 11 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by Mavis Quaicoe]

{Text ]

cso:

3400/41

A FRENCH consultancy firm, Bureau d’Etudes industrielles et de
Cooperation de l'Institut Francals du Petrole, (BEICIP) which
undertook a natural gas utilisation study in the country has
submitted an Interim report to the Ministry of Fuel and Power.

Sources close to the Ministry of Fuel and Power said in Accra that the report indicated
that the nation’s natural gas could be used for Power supply, in industry, the mining
sector, for transportation and the production of fertiliser.

‘They however stated that since the quantun to be supplied from the area of study is
not yet known, priority would be given to the supply of power from natural gas if the
quantity would not be able to meet the requirements of the other sectors. .

The sources explained
that there are two ways in
which natural gas could be
utilised to supply electri-
city. This is through the
installation of either a gas
turbine power station or a
thermal power station.

With the installation of
a thermal power station,
the sources said, gas would
be used to produce steam
to run the steam turbines
for electricity supply while
the gas turbine power sta-.
tion would require the di-
rect burning of gas to run
the gas turbines.

32

16 October 1985

GHANA



flight. Foreign businessmen will then own real estate and therefore be able to
concentrate their capital in the infrastructural development of the nation.

Though characteristic of many developing nations, the maintenance of a large
number of para-statals which must be subsidized by government, also add to the
financial pinch that the country now experiences. Of course, counter arguments
from many public corporations have it that these corporations could have been
viable but are often politicized by government, individuals or business houses
with political muscles.

The impotency of the national economy to deliver employment opportunities and a
significant standard of living is further aggravated by urban migration and the
resultant population explosion in the city. The highest unemployment rate in
the country, put at 50%, is found in Monrovia, the capital.

The population growth rate is 3.3% while the accompanying economic growth rate
which should keep pace with the former, has been declining since 1980. The
cause may be perhaps, the so-called most stable nation experienced a sudden
change of government thus, causing an exodus of investors and potential ones,
and significantly slicing away the productive capacity of the economy.

Consequently, population explosion amidst declining economic growth can only
mean increased unemployment, lack of trained manpower (high illiteracy rate)
and their accompanying mounting social problems.

Hardly any correct measure can be taken if the authorities do not realistically
assess the trend of the economy they are charged to direct. Much of the
problems threatening the economy have been discussed by the several commissions
appointed to recommend to government ways of bringing about economic recovery.
Many proposals have come out of the process.

The mere setting up of economic commissions is in itself, a laudable effort,
for to solve our problems we must first have a full grasp of the problems
themselves; only then can we know what prescriptions to recommend.

One is therefore, apt to wonder about the prescriptions required to arrest the
harsh economic countdown. What is significant however, is the will power of
the authorities to enforce the corrective measures without fear or favour.

The Economic and Financial Management Commission is a case in point of
Government of Liberia's will power to streamline and prioritize expenditures.
Of importance also, is the Head of State's gesture of going an extra mile by
appointing another national economic commission headed by INA member Paul
Jeffy.

One of the salient recommendations made by the Jeffy Commission was for
government to dismantle corporations, particularly those that have become a
liability.

The privatization or at least, the semiprivatization of public corporations is

an economically sound policy; instead of government subsidizing, it may
participate in profit-sharing as a result of the exercise.

44



events will surely result in a black government, but they are being appeased
with assurances that somewhere on this side of the process black domination
will be prevented, Many voters are being kept under the National Party
blanket with these assurances.

The abolition of domination, in accordance with a federal model, is probably
the greatest single piece of fiction in the present political debate in

South Africa. Our circumstances are simply of such a nature that a federation
cannot be achieved and even considering it as a solution attests to serious
ignorance,

If one looks at federations elsewhere in the world, there is one characteristic
that stands out: the existence of a common national awareness, Without

that, cooperation between states is inconceivable. A common national aware-
ness therefore moves separate regions (or groups) to work closer together.
Those who want to bring about a racial federation in South Africa want to

do that exactly because the political aspirations of groups clash sharply.
This situation is an obstacle to both a unitary as well as to a federal

system, no matter how loose the latter may be.

The idealistic concept of trying to force different races, cultures or
religious groups into a political system has, of course, been tried many
times. In Lebanon an attempt has also been made to abolish domination by
a single group--in the same manner that the National Party now wants to do
in South Africa, Every television viewer in South Africa who has witnessed
the sight of a burning Beirut in his TV set, will realize the consequences
of this experiment. Cyprus and North Ireland are additional examples where
constitutional daydreaming has gone up in flames,

Of course South Africa itself has the example of the entrenchment of the
colored vote in the constitution of the former Union. That entrenchment,
typical of a federal constitution, was simply invalidated by increasing
the size of the Senate. In so doing it was possible to remove the Coloreds
from the collective voters list.

Those National Party propagandists, who now advocate that domination must
be abolished, are creating the illusion of an entirely decentralized
central authority and the shifting over of power to constituitive units.
Decentralization of such a scope is simply impossible in a modern state.
Portfolios such as foreign affairs, finances and many others must always
be managed by persons within a central authoritative body or cabinet.

Who is going to manage these matters if Whites may not dominate over the
Blacks and vice versa?

The assumption that political domination in South Africa can be abolished
points to a serious underestimation of the present Black policy. The
Blacks perception of the government ‘is undoubtedly that of a regime which
is on the wane with a consequent sharp increase in black political aspira-
tions. Black revolutionaries and radicals are not aiming at a kind of
alliance with the Whites, but exactly at a black government and black
domination. To assume that on this side of the present process one could

113



The Chief of the U.S. Military Mission Col. Ray Vejar, who cut the ribbon, said
that through cooperation efforts, much can be achieved.

He noted that Liberia is the only country in the world where the U.S. is
engaged in the construction of military barracks, and added that he was happy
his country could assist in this endeavor.

In brief remarks, Margibi Superintendent Amos Bohn, thanked all those who were
responsible for making it possible to have modern barracks in Kakata. He said

his county was willing to give to the AFL additional land for expansion of the
barracks if the need arises.

cso: 3400/20

49



cso:

cabinet posts under King Sobhuza,

. was dismissed as finance minister

in 1984 after he had made public
details of alleged fraud of more
than R13 million involving senior

Political figures, including members.

of the supreme council of state, the
Liqogo.

The power struggle revolves
around the present members of the
Liqoqo, whose opponents are
seeking to depose them.

Earlier Dr Nxumalo had alleged
that corruption in the government
had contributed to the bankruptcy
of Chemical Industries, the
country’s second largest. foreign
exchange earner.

Dr Nxumalo, who claimed his life
had been threatened in an effort to
keep him silent, said he would name
those involved in the customs fraud
if the Liqogo authorised him to do
SO.

Also dismissed were the minister
of foreign affairs, Mr RV Diamini,
police commissioner Titus Msibi
and Colonel Ndzimandze. According
to Prime Minister Bhekimpi, the
dismissals were ordered by the
acting head of state, Queen Regent
Ntombi, on the advice of the Liqogo.

The Liqogo had appointed Queen
Ntombi as regent to replace Queen
Dzeliwe, who had assumed the post
after Sobhuza’s death. It had also
appointed Prince Bhekimpi as
Prime minister after it had
dismissed Prince Mabandla from
the post, to which he had been
appointed by Sobhuza.

According to Amnesty
International, Prince Bhekimpi said
Dr Nxumalo was dismissed because
he had damaged Swaziland’s name
by making his corruption
allegations without identifying
culprits.

But on the same day a
contradictory reason for the
dismissals was given by several
Ligoqo members, including Prince
Mfanasibili and Dr George Msibi
(who are alleged té be the

3400/1208

134

strongmen now controiiing
Swaziland).
They said those dismissed had

. threatened “bloody revolution”

unless the Queen Regent dismissed :
Prince Mfanasibili and Dr Msibi. An |
order for the dismissal of the two }

-had been presented to Queen;

Mtombi but she had refused to sign
it. ‘
It was also alleged that Dr
Nxumalo and his supporters made ,
several unsuccessful attempts to
place the police and army on alert
without the authority of the Liqogo. t

og

o

He was then sued by Dr Nxumalo
for defamation but before the action
could come before the court the
government issued a decree
protecting all Liqogo members
from being sued for actions taken
for the Liqogo.

Commissioner Msibi, deputy
commissioner. Hillary, Colonel
Ndzimandze and Major Dlamini _
appeared in the magistrate’s court
on January 23 on sedition charges.
They were alleged to have held a
meeting in June, 1984, to plan the
arrest of Prime Minister Bhekimpi,
another cabinet minister and other
top officials. They were granted bail
but immediately detained under

“60-day detention orders. '

On the same day the four
appeared in the lower court Dr
Nxumalo, who had not been charged
with any offence, brought a habeas
corpus application before the High
Court. Before the court could rule
on the application he was served
with a 60-day detention order,

Amnesty International describes
the detention of the five as part of a
power struggle going back to the
arrest on sedition charges of Prince
Mfanasibili and another Liqoqo
member, Chief Mfanawenkosi
Maseko.

And this is just part of the

“complex maze of intrigue

surrounding the ongoing struggle

" for power in this deceptively

pastoral and somnolent land.



Toward this effort, government has instituted a policy framework as announced
by the Minister of Finance, who is also Chairman of the EFMC.

The Director General of the Cabinet, Dr. Peter L. Naigow, stressed the
importance GOL attaches to its divestiture policies, and singled out Air
Liberia as one of such corporations that might be privatized in a bid to
reactivate the ailing corporation.

An important problem cited by many experts as fundamental cause for the
economic paralysis of the Third World is the lack of managerial skills, or the
absence of the middle class.

This could be remedied in Liberia like in some other parts of the Third World,
through proper manpower training and placement. Training and incentives for
potential Liberian managers is very instrumental in offsetting the trade
monopoly now held by foreign firms.

The government's appeal to specific banking institutions to minimize savings
requirements and extend credit privileges to Liberians to enter agriculture, is
a bold step in encouraging an influx of Liberians in the agro-business sector.
And, of course, a Liberian middle class could ensure permanent economic
recovery by bringing about infrastructural development, improved liquidity, and
agricultural self-sufficiency.

Finally, no talk of economic prospects without mention of the prevailing
political situation, for the confidence crisis which now hampers the economy
can only be effectively solved through the restoration of a popularly elected
government.

It can safely be concluded that the economic imbalances may be symptoms of
weakness in the surrounding political system, hence the delicate relation of
economics and politics.

An example of this delicate relationship is the South American country of
Bolivia. Its inflation rate is 8,200% and in its 160-year history it has had
only 10 democratically elected governments. Four-and-a-half years is one of
the longest tenure in its existence and three months the shortest.

Thanks to the Liberian Government for its enduring commitment to democracy as
manifested by the existence of four full-fledged political groups.

Ours may not be as advanced and fair as the Western democracies who have
experience with democracy for centuries but certainly, we have made a move in
the right direction and given time and continual commitment we may be a fast
progressing democracy and become pace-setters in politic-economic progress in
Black Africa.

cso: 3400/20

45



JPRS*SSA“854099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ANGONIA POPULATION PARTICIPATES IN CORN HARVEST
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] Over 800 individuals, including workers from the Angonia Agroindustrial
Complex (CAIA), members of the defense and security forces, workers from the
Party and state apparat and residents of the town of Ulongue, recently took
part in a volunteer work program on one of the production blocs of that
complex in the town.

The work consisted of harvesting corn, beginning during the early morning
hours. The work was organized by the district government of Angonia, and
the program participants picked corn over an area exceeding 10 hectares.

This activity was in response to the appeal issued by the party in Angonia,
for the population's participation in concrete action to minimize the problems
associated with the lack of labor which the Agroindustrial Complex of Angonia
enterprise is currently facing.

The first secretary of the district committee and administrator of Angonia, who
was also present during the program, in brief remarks stressed the role of the
population during this phase, wherein the CAIA enterprise has met with problems
involving the lack of machinery for harvesting.

Alberto Zacarias commented, at the end of the program: "We must have our

forces and our hands ‘to rely on. Today, there are several problems confronting
us, with the lack of fuel and spare parts to fix the automatic harvesting
machines, so as to ensure our work." |

On the other hand, that official did not fail to express appreciation for the
population's act, in responding with determination to the appeal made by the
part and state authorities of the district.

The population of the town of Ulongue, in Angonia, is determined to complete

the harvesting work and the respective threshing which will be done later in
the town's bloc.

2909
CSO: 3442/419

74



you are in the habit of doing at meetings to prepare annual plans, perhaps at
one of those meetings it may be possible for me, too, to hear voices debating
the problems of information: the major problems, the minor problems, the
essential problems, and the secondary problems of information."

Then that prominent leader discussed the work being done by the newspaper
DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE, as an organ of national scope, stressing that we would
do well not to forget that "The newspaper has its headquarters in Beira, the
provincial capital of Sofala; and hence, naturally, it must have an effect on
certain specific matters pertaining to the central section of the country."

Marcelino dos Santos then went on to describe some experiences in the armed
struggle for national liberation and the role played by the information sector
in the overall context of the struggle. It was during the course of the
account of this experience that Marcelino dos Santos discussed, although
without an intention of being exhaustive; the role of radio during the
current phase of building socialism in Mozambique. It may be fitting here to
note that Radio Mozambique in Beira has broadcasts in seven languages, namely,
Portuguese, Sena, Ndau, Nyanja, Ajawa, Swahili and Maconde. The leader of
the province remarked: "In all these languages, there is an opportunity for
us to converse, to hold discussions and to probe deeply into what the content
of all those broadcasts should be."

In this connection, it is important to mention that, during the visit to the
Radio Mozambique agency, Marcelino dos Santos was informed on the work being
done aimed at creating, during a first phase, the embryo of what is intended
to become the Native: Languages Group. . Marcelino dos Santos spoke at length
with the announcers for the native language broadcasts, becoming informed of
the problems that they are confronting resulting mainly from the fact that,
up until now, the study of native languages in Mozambique has not yet made
significant progress.

Marcelino dos Santos observed: "There is no doubt that one of the leading
features of our personality is language, precisely; and all the more so for in
a society such as ours, which is also very much an.oral society, language plays
a major role in the dissemination of our cultural values. It translates the
record that our memories have of what our cultural reality is."

The initiative of the workers at Radio Mozambique's Beira agency, to contact
older people familiar with native languages, so that, together, the way may
be paved for an increasingly greater probing into the understanding of our
native languages, was interpreted by Marcelino dos Santos as "the result of
your probing, your own work, which for that very reason reflects the high
level at which you have assumed, both professionally and politically as well,
what constitutes our responsibility."

Discussing the cinema, the Sofala leader began by noting that, in this province,
"we are not making films yet, but nothing tells us that we cannot do.so. All
of us must get together, so that people may talk, discuss and find out whether
this too might be an opportunity that presents itself, with.a certain amount

of viability now, for all of us here in Sofala Province."

84



NEW WORKS SECRETARY, OTHER APPOINTMENTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Sep 85 p 1

[Text ]

cso:

THE PNOC has ap-
pointed Dr Kofi Sam ss
the new Secretary for
Works and Housing. He
replaces Alhaji (Dr)
Abubakr assan
whose resignation has
been accepted by the

An official statement is-
sued at the weekend also
named Lt.-Col Christine
Debrah (rtd), Director-
General of the P & T Cor-
poration as the new Exe-
cutive Chairman of the
Environmental Protection
Council (EPC) while Colo-
nel Kwasi Oppong takes
over as the Director~
General of the P & T Cor-
poration.

It further said the De-
partment of Parks and
Gardens kas been placed
under the direction and
control of the Environ-
mental Protection Coun-
cil.

A three-man team, ac-
cording to the statement,
has also been appointed to
run and re-organise the
operations of the Ghana
su ly Commission
(GSC).

3400/40

39

They are Dr Charles
Buadu of the PNDC se-
cretariat, , Chairman, Co-
lonel Joshua Aghotui and
Mr Akiwumi of the GSC
both members.

Another off; ‘ial state-
ment said the government

has revoked the order pro-
hibiting Dr. A. K, Apy ah
from holding public o1

This reverses an oper
imposed on Dr Appiah b:
the erstwhile Supreme Mi-
litary Council.

It said Dr Appiah has
therefore been appointed’!
Managing Director of the

He is charged with. the
responsibility to restruct-
vure ‘the operations of the
Bank and to place them on
sound banking footing to
erlable it to play-meaning-
ful role _ in the national
recovery effort:

According to the state-
ment, Mr J. A. Nuamah of
the'National Investment
Bank. has been appointed
Mahaging Director of the
Natiénal Savings and Cre-
dit Bank.

Both appointments take
immediate effect.

JPRS+SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA



The student does not fear majority rule; he yearns for it. He talks about
how "we" will change the country from a racist one to a nonracial one, how
"we" will become one of the great nations.

"We are South Africans. Those who don't think like us will heave the country.
We can do without them."

Like they can do without the collaborators in Parliament and the local manage-
ment committees.

The Human Sciences Research Council claims Indians stayed away from last
year's "stooge" elections because of intimidation. Few Indians, apart from
the election candidates, believe that.

If anything, they will tell you, the intimidation was by the State which
locked up anti-election leaders.

These days, one finds an increasing number of ordinary Indians pouring scorn
on the "sell-outs", and accusing the government of not moving fast enough to
accommodate Africans.

But to some of them, the Transvaal Indian Congress sounds too revolutionary,
and they are petrified of Azapo's "black power" image.

So some are secretly joining the Progressive Federal Party. Only one or two
admit they are Progs.

It's easy to understand why. Lenasia is the stronghold of the TIC, an affil-
date of the UDF. Only the TIC is capable of attracting over 2 000 people to
its political rallies.

It uses strong language to denounce anyone who is part of the "system".
The Progs are regarded as an integral part of that system.

Then there is Azapo, much smaller than the TIC in Lenasia, but quite vocifer-
ous. Azapo is the only other political group to hold public meetings in Lenz.

Azapo's denunciation of collaborators is sometimes even more virulent than
the TIC's. So Progs and Prog-sympathisers are not too keen to come out of
the closet.

But despite their public stand, the TIC and Azapo members are concerned about
the "intrusion" of the Progs.

If the Progs were the party of Harry Schwarz, they'd have no fears. But many
blacks have over the years followed the exploits of Helen Suzman. And it is
almost entirely because of her record on human rights issues that the Prog
image has been attractive to so many black people.

125



JPRS“SSA=85=099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MANDELA'S REJECTION OF NATIONAL CONVENTION SEEN AS CATASTROPHIC
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Aug 85 p 14
{Editorial: "Leftist Catastrophy"]

[Text] The scraping among leftist ranks over the ANC's rejection of the
idea of a national convention is attributable only to an irrefutable
fact: the awful realization that the bottom under the leftists primary
and actually only "solution" for South Africa has dropped out.

For the entire leftist phalanx of political parties and non-parliamentary
movements this represents an enormous catastrophy. Moreover, all the
prevarications and efforts to spread confusion over what Mr Nelson Mandela
now intends to do or not do, do not make any difference.

Mr Mandela's rejection of a national convention has been confirmed by
members of his family. Yesterday the WASHINGTON TIMES also carried a report
about his support for a violent revolution. At any rate, during its June
conference in Zambia the ANC had already approved an intensified policy

of terrorism based, among other things, on the non-acceptance of any
negotiations of any kind with the South African government or even with

any intermediaries.

The rejection of a national convention on the part of the movements in favor
of violence has turned out to be a big bottomless embarrassment for the
leftists, as this idea has blasted out anything that had been left of their
pretension of having a solution for South Africa.

On previous occasions, they had to abandon one policy after another, which
they worked out because of the pressure from the National Party and because
of the realities of this country. At last they arrived at the magic formula
of a national convention. Naturally this was a clever attempt at avoiding
even the presentation of answers for South Africa: The national convention
was to work that out. This made it possible for the Progressive Federal
Party and other movements, which have conducted protest policies and boycott
approaches, to sit back gleefully and criticize only the National Party.
Their national convention would surely find the solution .and in the meantime
the hated Nationalists could be taken over the coals.

The deciding prerequisite for this illusion was that "recognized leaders"
such as Mr Mandela would help in finding a solution, as Dr Alex Boraine,

109



was to keep the reform train on the tracks while protecting himself and his
government from the slingshots of his political opponents.

His one major achievement here was the support he received in last year's refer-
endum where not only did he retain much of his Afrikaner constituency, but he
also picked up new support from the white English-speaking business community
and electorate. But since then it's been downhill pretty much all the way.

The coloured and Indian communities gave his new Tricameral Parliament a stiff
kick up the behind, while the black townships erupted against the new local
council system, black education and anything else that smacked even remotely
of 'the system’.

Internationally, we have antagonised in quick succession the British and
Botswana governments, the Australian and New Zealand governments, the Irish,
Dutch, American, French and Scandinavians, as well as the whole of the Secur-
ity Council and EEC. The term ‘litany of disasters' would not be inappropriate
here.

At the same time the extreme right, as represented by the Gonservative Party
and friends, has been not unsuccessfully burrowing away at the National Party's
traditional constituency of support. Their opposition to reform is clearly a
major consideration for Botha, since not only do they attempt to siphon off
support from his electoral base, but they also seek to build up support within
the very state bureaucracy upon which Botha is dependent. The police play a
key role here with the extreme right making no secret of its attempts to win
over the police-~-or, at any rate, large numbers of policemen--to its cause.

Thus while the black youth seek in part to make the townships ungovernable,
questions are also being asked about the role of the police in the townships.
Have the police themselves not also become ungovernable? Or, if they have
not, then who is it who governs them?

One view of the way the political situation has unfolded in this country over
the past year or so is that the extreme right has deliberately sought to pro~
voke unrest in the black townships in order to sabotage the reform initiative.
According to this argument, the policy has finally succeeded with the imposi-
tion of the state of emergency which has destroyed any chance for further re-
fern,

Andries Treurnicht could afford to sound smug as he commented on the emergency:

"We support the government in the maintenance of law and order, but stronger
action should have come earlier."

The message to Botha is clear: drop your toying with reform and return to the
tried and trusted method of control--kragdadigheid-~and we will support you.

But has Botha finally given in to his extreme right and does the emergency
represent an end to the reform initiative? If the views of leading represen-
tatives of, among others, the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut and ASSOCOM are to
be believed, this is not so.

118



JPRS+SSA#854099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN COMMUNITY IN LENASIA SPLIT OVER REACTION TO TROUBLES
Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep 85 pp 32-33
{article by Ameen Akhalwaya]

[Text] When the going gets tough, the rich get going. They take their money
and trek. Or they talk about leaving. "Perhaps we should go to England,"
they say. "But isn't the weather there lousy? And what about the IRA
letting off earth-shattering bombs?

“Well then how about America? But it's so violent. And what about the
culture there? The Yanks are so superficial.

"Why not Canada? But the cold...And what about the culture there? Canada's
beautiful but boring.

"Oh yes, we have friends who've settled in Australia. Great country, but can
we mix with those robust Aussies?"

That may be the pattern of talk in better-off white suburbs as the spiral of
violence in South Africa gets bigger. But it also takes place regularly in
the black communities as the affluent discuss their options.

"How long before the revolution starts? They're going to put our children
into the army to fight the blacks. And when the blacks take over they're
going to make us suffer."

This type of talk is common in Lenasia, in Laudium, in Actonville, but only
among a minority who have the resources to get out, or who fear black rule.

Being members of closely-knit communities, they are wary of settling abroad.
The English-speaking countries are their best choice, because people of
Indian ancestry--particularly in the Transvaal—have to a large extent fol~
lowed Western cultural patterns.

Life there isn't a bed of roses either. There are no servants there, you
know.

But for the rest, the uncertainty and the excitement remain. It is the same
uncertainty and excitement found in all communities.

123



JPRS-SSA-85-099

16 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Ambassador to Lisbon Discusses Relations With Portugal
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 7 Aug 85)..ccesccceceerecererecctceceees 1
Vietnamese Professors Complete Pedagogical Mission
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Aug 85) cece cece eee cece ee eeeeeeceeeees 3
Namibe's Agricultural Situation Described
(Hortencio Sebastiao; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Aug 85).......... 4
Briefs
Installation of Provincial Officials 6
BENIN
Possession of National Identity Card Made Compulsory
(EHUZU, 23 Aug 85)..cceecceeccccercccceetceseccresccsessenes 7
Armed Forces Receive Instruction on Geneva Conventions
(EHUZU, 22 Aug 85)...scecccceeccecerceeccscessescressscseses 9
BOTSWANA
BPU Leader Says Country Should Not Use Force
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 23 Sep 85)..ceeeeeceeeseeeeeeeee LL
Minister Comments on Press Freedom
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 18 Sep 85)....ceeeeeeeceecseceeee 12
Briefs
Citizenship Revoked 13
CHAD

Chad Reaction to Libyan Summit Offer ‘Cautious’
(LE MONDE, 19 Sep 85)...ccccceceeccceeeceteeesesseeeeceeees 14



BULAWAYO WHITES FEAR GOVERNMENT 'WITCH HUNT!

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 85 p 4

[Text] BULAWAYO — Morale among

CSO:

the whites here is low following
the arrest by government
forces over the past few days
_ of prominent members of their
community.
In what is being described ,
here as a “white witch hunt”:
@A former Provincial Com-
missioner of Matabeleland
‘ North, Mr ‘Trevor Hemans (56)
“who has worked for the Bu-
‘ lawyo Municipality since retir-,
ting from government service
in 1981, was arrested this week
!when five uniformed men ar‘
rived at his suburban home at
-2.30am. vt

After searching his home,
they ordered him to dress
warmly because they werd.
; “taking him away”.

: No reasons were given and
his City Council offices were
slater searched. - .
“@The same night the city’s
‘ director of building and ameni-
‘ties, Mr Mike Habgod (56) was
varrested when unformed men
! arrived at his home at 2am. He,
was later released to enter 4
Jocal hospital for a previously
‘ scheduled ‘operation. His pass‘
_ port was confiscated. ‘ .
:@ Late on Thursday night three
:former district commissioners; |
—Mr Pat” Higgin’ (44), Mr “Anthi
tony Hunt (38) and’Mr Miké
i Jacobs (65) were all arrested ini
‘their homes. Mr Higgins now
tworks for a paper company;
‘Mr Hunt for a firm of motor
dealers and Mr Jacobs for &
slegal firm.) 9 *- 8 ty

3400/9

‘At one stage or another, alt
had worked under Mr Hemans.>
-@ During the past week, many.
‘other whites have been arrest#
yed, questioned and released. ‘“«
On August 28, former Bu?
ilawayo mayor Mr Mike Con-
‘standinos (54) was picked up
from his suburban home at
14.30 am.
{It was nine days before his
iwife determined his where4
‘abouts, . H
A prominent businessman;
“Mr Constandinos recently
formed a “Boost Bulawayo
Committee” in an attempt to”
: get much-needed development. :
Mr Constandinos appeared
before a Bulawayo magistrate
on Thursday, charged with
‘being in ‘possession of subver-.
sive literature. ‘
He was released on R600 bail :
until September 26 and his’
" passport was confiscated. :
jy It was alleged a paper found
f-in his possession read: ty
|. “Z-1-M-B-A-B-W-E_ means |
! “Zero Intelligence Because All
{ Bloody Whites Emigrated.” | -':
# The granting of his bail fol
, lowed a meeting in Harare the
previous day between his wife,
* Pat, and Home Affairs Ministet

_ ' Mr Enos Nkala, who is regard-

ved as the man behind the pres+
ent purge in Matabeleland. -‘
Nervous Bulawayo residents,
say they cannot understand th¢
spate of arrests and the fact:
that more whites aré now in
idetention than at any time
since independence in 1980. |

141

JPRS*SSA“854099
16 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

The latest arrests follow
‘what initially appeared to be
purge of the Bulawayo city
Council where Mr Mugabe’g
‘party contested and lost every
seat to candidates from Mr Joi:
Shua Nkono’s Zapu party or tq
. White councillors in local elecs
tions in October. §.

“Since then, the Government
and the council have been un;
easy bedfellows. t

Shortly before the installion

of the new mayor last montht
, both the’ outgoing mayors, Mi
‘Enos Mdnaongwa, and Mr Nic!
Madodoko, were detained.

i eour plack councillors ing
‘eluding the new deputy mayor
‘Mr J Ndlovu, had been in a
tention for weeks. 4
.: The President of Matabele?
land branch of the Commercial
.Farmers’ Union, Mr Mik
‘Wood, said the arrests ha
‘badly shaken white confidence.
* An angry Anglican Bishop of
Matabeleland, the Right Revs
erend Robert Mercer, den|
ounced the “arbitary arrests”. 4



IJPRS*SSA~85+099
16 October 1985

NAMIBIA

SWATF SAID IN CONFIDENT MOOD

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 10 Sep 85 p 9

[Ari

ticle by Shirley Pressly]

[Text]

cso.

FIVE years have passed since the SWA Territory Force
was established in SWA/Namibia and in that period the
country’s “own force” has made tremendous progress in
readiness for the eventual independence of the territory
and grown by 75%.

A party of military correspondents from South Africa
and SWA was taken on an intensive five day tour of SWA
and the operational area last week with the special
accent of the tour being on the activities and develop-
ment of the SWA Territory Force.

A black officer from the SWA Territory Force media
office, Major Zorrow Kariko, was one of three conduct-
ing officers on the tour.

Black members of the force are being trained to take
increasingly more responsibility in the defence of the
country as the Press party was shown this week but it is
evident that Pretoria still has a strong influence in the
defence setup in SWA/Namibia, although the SWA Ter-
ritory Force differs in many respects from the SADF
and has its own identity.

The general officer Commanding the SWA Territory
Force, Major General Georg Meiring, said the SWA
Territory Force formed 61% of the troops in the oper-

sational area and 63% of the total population of the
‘ armed forces in SWA.
He said the force had become part and parcel of the
people of SWA. “We can double the force tomorrow
iven enough money,” said Genl Meiring.
In October last year more than 3 000 men applied for
« 205 vacancies in 101 Battalion at Ondangwa.
Colonel Tobie Hanekom of the force’s headquarters in
; Windhoek explained how SWA was divided into seven
:Sectors in Owambo, Kavango, Eastern Caprivi,
‘Otjiwarongo, Windhoek, Gobadis and Keetmanshoop.
There are four sector headquarters and 27 area units
iwhich are the equivalent of the commandos in South
Africa. There are also reaction units comprised of the
equivalent of citizen force members.

: 3400/1209

102

Service in the seven fulltime batallions in the country
is voluntary. One of the batallions, 32 Batallion, is a
South African unit although it comprises black mem-

. bers and there is also talk that 201 batallion which is the

Bushmen batallion based at Omega was given the assur-
ance that they would be taken care of after indepen-
dence.

Col Hanekom said that the idea was to take over the
defence of the whole of the operational area in South
West Africa.

Colonel Des Radmore, officer commanding 1 SWA
Logistics Brigade, said the SWA Territory Force had a
variety of logistic support units based an and around
Windhoek responbislbe for the area south of the red line.
The six units in the brigade had a permanent force
leader nucleus and the rest were SWA national service-
men.

Colonel Radmore said that several items had been
adapted to suit conditions in the territory such as a
sleeping bag which weighed only 1,5kg compared to the
three kilogram sleeping bag issued to SADF forces. The
sleeping bag had been specially adapted to suit desert
conditions.

Col Radmore said they had also designed their own
webbing and a warm but light waistcoast.

@ Basic operational statistics issued by the SWA Ter-
ritory Force by its headquarters in Windhoek for the
period January to August this year reveal the following:

Sabotage: There were 106 incidents of sabotage from
January to August 1985 against 96 for the whole of 1984.

Intimidation: there were 73 reported cases compared
to 67 in 1984. Murders stood at 35 compared to 41 last
year and 143 people were abducted during the period
under review compared to 103 last year.

Mine incidents: 135.

Contacts stood at 230 of which 166 were initated by the
Security Forces and 64 by terrorists.

The total number of incidents stood at 548 for the
period under review with a breakdown of percentages
as follows: Sabotage, 19%; Intimidation 13%; Mine inci-
dents 25%; contacts 42% and security force intiated
contacts making up 30% of all incidents. ° .



Elsewhere, and also as part of the 10th. anniversary program, 27 banana
trees, 118 papa, 420 mango, and 213 cashew trees were planted, distributed
to the most remote neighborhoods and villages.

Another outstanding action of this type was the construction of nine benches
and 12 desks for a primary school and the participation by the people in a
day of cleaning and preserving National Highway 1 and some paths obstructed
by rains.

8908
CSO: 3442/412

62



JPRS*SSA+85=099
16 October 1985

LIBERIA

ARMY NEEDS HARDWARE IN ADDITION TO ARMS
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS in English 4 Sep 85 pp 12, 10

[Text] Deputy Minister of Defense for Operations, Col Jackson Paye, has
appealed to the U.S. Military Mission here to urge its government not to only
equip the Armed Forces of Liberia with arms and ammunitions, but also with such
hard ware like bulldozers, graders, front-end loaders, among others.

He noted that with these equipment, the Bureau of Civil Works would be able to
construct roads, build bridges and implement other meaningful projects not only
for army personnel, but the civilian population as well.

He was speaking yesterday in Kakata, Margibi County, where he participated in
the dedicatory ceremonies of three housing units valued at $519,000 which were
constructed by General Construction Incorporated (GCL) for army personnel
assigned in Kakata.

Col. Paye praised the Governments of Liberia and the United States for their
continuous efforts aimed at improving the housing condition of members of the
AFL.

Presenting the units to the Minister earlier, Col. Stephen J. Blayee, Assistant
Minister of Defense for Civil Works, appealed to government'to include in its
defense budget, funds for maintenance of military housing units. He said the
provision of such funds could enable the Civil Works Bureau to keep military
housing units, equipment and other facilities up-to-date.

He then commended Major Albert L. Sawyer, head of the U.S. Housing Technical
Assistance Field Team (TAFT) for his hard work and dedication to duty, which,
he observed, made the construction of the units not only speedy but up to
modern standard.

For his part, Director of Staff, Brigadier General Moses Craig, thanked CIC Dr.
Samuel K. Doe and the U.S. Government for providing the few units.

In his remarks, Commanding General Morris T. Zaza, said the structures were
very beautiful and urged the commander and the men to keep the units in good
condition so that other soldiers coming after them would enjoy the facilities
too.

48



JPRS*SSA*85~099
16 October 1985

to U.S., European and South African sectors. [Text] [Lisbon SEMANARIO in
Portuguese 17 Aug 85 p 56] 8908

PORTUGUESE AID DIVERTED--Sources linked to religious organizations active in
Mozambique have warned Portuguese authorities that on previous occasions of

help from that country, some goods, primarily destined for humanitarian aid,

have been diverted for military purposes. [Text] [Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese
17 Aug 85 p 56] 8908 .

PEMBA MERCHANTS OFFER AID--Merchants from the city of Pemba, in Cabo Delgado
Province, have offered to provide all the necessary assistance in the form of
money, clothing and construction materials to aid the population of the communal
village of Catapua, in the locality of Meloco, Montepuez District. The initia-
tive emerged after a meeting held in Pemba recently, at which the party's
secretary of economy in the city, Anselmo Dias Manica, explained to the
merchants and workers of the provincial directorates the precarious status of
clothing and housing among the population of Catapua, recently released from
the armed bandits' bondage. On his recent working visit to Montepuez District,
the leader of Cabo Delgado Province, Alberto Chipande, was in Catapua, where
he toured the nearly 18 kilometers which comprised the enemy's bases. Mahomed
Zacar Osman, one of the merchants, told the correspondent from the Office of
News Media that this type of contribution was a good thing, and that he was
interested in participating, from the standpoint of reducing the distress of
the population which has lost everything as a result of the armed bandits’
activities. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3] 2909

BUZI SUCCESSFUL MARKETING CAMPAIGN--During the current agricultural marketing
campaign, 120 tons of rice, 96 of corn and 3 of sunflowers have been marketed
by AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company] in the district of Buzi,
in Sofala. The success of the campaign is due to the method adopted to redis-
tribute the marketing goals for each of the private. participants in the region.
Concurrently, the system of trading posts for the peasants’ surplus products
was expanded from 10 to 18, following the experience gained last year, during
the cashew nut marketing campaign. According to the AGRICOM agent, one of the
difficulties being confronted by the sector in Buzi District is related to the
lack of storage facilities; it is currently using the warehouse of the local
Executive Council, which will soon be overstocked. To reinforce the present
agricultural marketing campaign, AGRICOM has just received several items for
barter, as an official of the sector in Buzi District disclosed. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3] 2909

MAFALALA HAS NEW GD--Since last weekend, the Mafalala section has had a new
Mobilizing Group [GD]. Making the new rank and file political structure offi-
cial is part of the effort to revitalize the rank ‘and file organs which has
been under way in that area for some time. As our correspondent writes, the

97



He owever, observed that, for far too long, all industries in the country have
blamed their apparent deficiencies on lack of imported inputs.

The PNDC member said it is now time that “our scientific manpower is
motiviated to find solutions to some of our problems to save foreign exchange
for more needed capital goods for meaningful development.

Mr Ebo Tawiah congratulated the chiefs and people of the area for the
continued peace and tanquility that had prevailed in the traditional area.

Peace, he told them, is the primary requirement for stability and development.

He also commended them for raising an amount of C2 million for the development
of the area and hoped that the money realized from their communal harvest will
be put to good use to benefit the entire community, adding, “this gesture is
very laudable and is in line with the spirit of self-reliance which the
revolutionary process is trying to foster."

Also at 'Godigbe Za' festival of the chiefs and people of Aflao Traditional
Area, Mrs Susan Al-Hassan, member of the PNDC, called on Ghanaians to develop
the spirit of unity, commoness of purpose and dedication that the December 31
Revolution demands of them.

“If we are united as a people and appreciate the difficult economic conditions
which we must free ourselves from, then we should not permit those few selfish
individuals in our midst to undermine our national economy by smuggling our
gold, diamond, cocoa and staple food out of our country” she said.

She said the current revolution means social transformation, adding “social
transformation does not come about overnight, except in fairy tales".

Mrs Al-Hassan asked Ghanaians to struggle against the negative tendencies in
the society and said "we must be prepared to pay the price for standing up to
speak and act on the side of good against evil".

“If you see something going wrong and you do not take or initiate action to
get it corrected or done properly, whom do you expect to see to it that the
proper thing is done?” the PNDC member asked.

Mrs Al-Hassan called on Ghanaians both old and young to enter into battle

against anti-social practices like smuggling and currency trafficking “which
have been crippling our economy".

cso: 3400/39

22



RAWLINGS SAYS GOVERNMENT MAY TAKE OVER DISPUTED LANDS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Sep 85 p 4

{Article by Breda Atta-Quayson & Stephen Kofi Akordor]

[Text]

cso:

THE Chairman of the
PNDC, Fit. Lt. Jerry
John Rawlings has em-
phasised that in furthe-
rance of the
government's determi-
nation to develop the
agricultural sector of
the economy it shall not
hesitate to take over
any arable land over
which hangs long-
standing dispute.

“We have no excuses
whatsoever to keep our ar-
able lands fallow and go
hungry unless of course the
rains fail us”, he stressed.

The Chairman was

aking at a durbar of the
chiefs and people of the
Akpini traditional area in
the Volta Region on the
occasion of the silver jubi-
lee celebrations of the
Margaret Marquart Cat-
holic Hospital at Kpando
yesterday.
fi Chairman Rawlings re-
ferred to the numerous
land me over the most
fertile and extensive arable
lands in the country and
the evil effects they are
having on the development
of the country. .

He made particular
mention of the conflict
between Gbefi and Kpan-
do communi whieh in
extreme cases border on

3400/39

violence and provocative
acts with the result that
farmers are so scared as to
abandon their farms,

He said recurrent shoo-
touts between the people
of Nkonya and Alavanyo
ip of land also
ir consequences
and indicated that much as
the government would not
want to interfere in the
judicial proceedings in the
determination of ‘titles to
land in the country, it
could not be an indifferent
spectator while Jitigations
over the nation’s most im-
portant natural resources

lamper developmental ef-
forts.

Chairman Rawlings
therefore, urged land title
contestants to make their
minds up and see the area
as a national asset which
must be developed quickly.

The revolution will not
tolerate a situation where
farmers who wish to con-
tribute to the development
of agriculture are hindered
from doing so, he added.

‘The Leader of the Revo-
lution touched on chief-
taincy disputes which he
said is another area of con-

Nlict with profound negati-
ve effects on national de-
velopment.

18

JPRS#*SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

He said while the con-
fliets last, it becomes im-
possible for the people to
mobilise and undertake
projects to raise their
standard of living. ‘

Chairman Rawlings said
people would. loose confi-
dence in the institution of
chieftaincy if all that they
got out of it is discord.

On the national Econo-
mic Recovery Programme,
Chairman Rawlings said
the programme would fail
to achieve positive results
if Ghanaians fail to appre-
ciate their responsibility to:
it. .

“No nation can progress
and prosper if its trained
citizenry sit unconcerned
and its natural resources
remained unharnessed”, he
explained.

The Leader of the Revo-
lution stated that Ghana
now more than ever needs
the efficient exploitation of
her resources adding that
the answers to her pro-
blems are enterprise and
hardwork which together
with the abundant natu-
ral resources can sustain
the economy.

The Chairman later
took time off to visit the

Kpando-Tokor _ fishing
harbour near Kpando.



outside Namibia. The enemy of the Namibian people is based in our country
and there is no way that SWAPO can deploy its combatants in a friendly
independent country. The everyday duty of every SWAPO combatant is to engage
the fascist South African troops on Namibian soil for the liberation of our
motherland. In the face of the latest massive invasion of Angola by terrorist
South Africa, SWAPO calls upon the international community to demand the imme-
diate withdrawal of fascist South African troops from Angolan soil.

Mere condemnation of racist South Africa's acts of subversion and destabiliza-
tion is not enough. The People's Republic of Angola should be given necessary
assistance by all peace-loving nations of the world to enable her rebuff
racist South Africa's terrorist acts of destabilization, protect her territor~
ial integrity and consolidate her effort for economic reconstruction. Compre-
hensive mandatory sanctions must be imposed on apartheid South Africa by all
those who cherish the ideals of peace, security and freedom.

It should be made clear to the imperialists in Washington and London who have
over the years supported and defended fascist South Africa that every dollar,
pound, mark or franc invested in South Africa fuels the apartheid machinery
and (?automatically) becomes a bullet aimed at the people of Southern Africa.
Southwest Africa People's Organization, SWAPO of Namibia, vehemently condemns
racist South Africa's latest barbaric aggression against Angola and conveys
its sympathies to the Government of the People's Republic of Angola. We
sympathize with our brothers and sisters of Angola and all victims of apartheid
aggression in Southern Africa.

Convinced that the latest invasion of Angola is aimed at distracting world
opinion about the intensity of the liberation war in Namibia, SWAPO calls upon
all combatants of [word indistinct] inside Namibia to attack every enemy
garrison with a resoluteness and revolutionary power. Down with apartheid
aggression against Angola, everything and every effort for the struggle, all
for final victory.

cso: 3400/19

101



JPRS+*SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

RICE FARMERS UNWILLING TO SELL PRODUCE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 10 Sep 85 pp 1,5

[Article by Tetteh Quaynor]

A source close to the GFDC told the “GRAPHIC” that initially when the
government came out with the minimum guaranteed price of C1,850 for a maxi-bag
of paddy rice, C5 million was made available for rice purchases in the two
regions but this money could not cover enough purchases.

Three million cedis of the amount was used to purchase paddy rice in the
North, while C2 million went to the Upper Region, especially the eastern area.

According to the source, another million was released for rice in the same
area but this was at a time when rice farmers in the Northern and the two
Upper Regions have taken advantage of a temporary shortage in the cereal to
increse the producer price of a maxi-bag to between C2,500 and C2,700.

The GFDC was therefore unable to purchase the surplus rice through the Ghana
Rice Production Company since it would have resulted in increasing the price
of milled rice above the government's approved price.

The source explained that the rationale behind the government~guaranteed
minimum price of C1,850 per maxi-bag is to offer the farmers a market for
their unpurchased rice. The price, it said, took into account the costs of
Production by the farmers as well as a reasonable profit margin.

The source however said though the GFDC has sufficient money to purchase the
surplus rice it can only do so when the government comes out with a new
minimum guaranteed price.

Reports reaching the "GRAPHIC" from Wa have however indicated that there are

large quantites of rice in the Northern and the two Upper Regions for which
the farmers are finding no market.

30



JPRS“SSA~85~099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. AID TO MOZAMBIQUE, CUT OFF OF CREDIT TO SOUTH AFRICA REPORTED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] Large U.S. companies and that country's government are not teaming
together to save Mozambique's wavering communist government.

One of the companies playing an important role in this action is Chase
Manhattan Bank, which has just announced that it is terminating its commercial
credits to South African companies. The bank has made this decision in
protest against South Africa's internal policy.

Besides Chase Manhattan, the U.S. companies of Tenneco, Teledyne, Arco,
Exxon, Lehman Brothers and Shell are also involved in the Mozambique rescue
effort.

Tenneco and Teledyne were two of the companies which had their own delegates
in a U.S. economic mission to Mozambique. The mission was under the chair-—
manship of Mr Melvyn Laird, a former secretary of defense. Until recently,
Mr Laird was director of Trade Management, a company which wanted to act

as a broker between the U.S. companies and Mozambique.

Last year David Rockefeller, a former chairman of Chase Manhattan, made
two visits to Mozambique. Lehman Brothers is giving financial advice to
the Machel-regime. Arco, Exxon and Shell have already agreed to invest
400 million dollars in the development of Mozambique's oil resources.

U.S. sources are saying that bureaucrats in the U.S. State Department are

now engaged in a coordinated effort to recruit U.S. investments in Mozambique.
Last year the Reagan Administration lent a total of 18 million dollars in

aid to Mozambique.

In a recent article in the WASHINGTON POST, Mr Laird made a strong inter-
cession in favor of the Machel regime, He stated that South Africa recognizes
the fact that its basic interest lies in a stable government on its border.
Machel can provide this stability, but not RENAMO [National Resistance of
Mozambique].

7964
cso: 3401/308

111



TANZANIAN CLAIMS ANC KIDNAPPED HIM

JPRS*SSA#85~099
16 October 1985

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Sep 85 p 13.

(Text] “MBABANE. —

cso:

A self”
exiled Tanzanian political
refugee who disappeared
under mysterious circum-
stances from Swaziland
almost two years ago sud-
denly re-appeared in
Mbabane last week.

He is former school-
teacher, Mr Ludwig Mwi-
jage, who this week
claimed he had been kid-
napped by ANC agents —
whom he knew by sight ~
one evening while on his
way to his Mbabane
Centre Hostel.

He said he was: “bun-

‘ dled’’ into a waiting car at +
gunpoint. The car was_
driven at high-speed to a:
secluded spot near the:

. Swaziland-Mozambique
border west of the Loma-
hasha border post some
180km from Mbabane.

He said his captors then
collected another pistol
and a bayonet from a hut
in the hush and then went
with him along a path
across the border into
Mozambique.

‘They then took him to:
Frelimo patrol and hand-
ed over their weapons to
the soldiers. .

Mr Mwijage said. he
was then taken to Macha- _
va Prison in Mozambique ‘
where he was kept for

3400/1208

about three months. He
was interrogated and half-
starved while there.

He said he was then
flown by military aircraft
to Dares Salaam and
handed over to the Tan-
zanian authorities who.
kept him in solitary con-
finement for about 15
months.

He was asked about his
alleged involvement with
the now banned Tanzani-
an political movement,
‘Cham-Char Mapinduzi.

132

In April this year he =

was taken to his Buoba
home, placed under
house-arrest but later fled
across the border into
neighbouring © Ruanda.
There arrangements were
made by the Red Cross
through the UN High
Commission for refugees
and he was flown to Port:
ugal.

He now travels on a
UN travel document and

is in Swaziland to wind up*

his affairs. — Sapa.

ernest un



In that respect, we also heard, still during the period of transition, advisers
of the Central Bank of East Germany recommend to FRELIMO that it use Lisbon

as a bridge between Mozambique and the other countries, particularly in
economic relations, arguing with two important advantages: common language
and the Portuguese experience in the Mozambican area. But they did not agree
to this, neither one nor the other.

Returning to Admiral Sarmento Rodriguez, the last governor general and at the
same time commander in chief of all the armed forces of the colony, it was
natural that to him and to other personalities of various sectors, the
inevitability of independence was beyond reason, as probably was its justice and
certainly the tardiness in preparing for it. It was during the government of
that naval officer that Mozambique had higher education and high schools in

all district capitals. It was during that government also that an episodic open-
ing in press censorship took phdce and there was a certain intention of eliminat-
ing some forms of racism, later radicalized once more with the change of leaders
in Mozambique and the unilateral independece of Rhodesia.

However, all this did not abate the danger of a dismanteling of the territorial
unity created by the Portuguese. Everyone knows about the eye Pretoria was
casting at the district of Lourenco Marques, with the complaisance and sympathy
of certain Mozambican businessmen, even declared publicly during a controversial
mission of economic associations of the Mozambican capital to the Trasvaal, by a
white Portuguese industrialist born in Mozambique, who came to be a leader of
FUMO [Mozambique United Front] at the side of Joana Simeao. Since everyone knew
of the appetites for the sea of the interior countries, ranging from Swaziland,
whose royal family claims its origins are the Bay of Maputo, to Malawi.

The Thwarted Smith Plan

During the period of transition, the Portuguese High Commission in Mozambique

was faced with the need of militarily garrisoning the Beira-Manica axis, where
there was the danger of a Rhodesian attempt at penetration. There were diplomatic
negotiations between Portugal and Rhodesia on the subject, during which it was
clearly demonstrated to the Smith government that no foolishness would be

allowed.

Smith himself sought to meet with the high commissioner, something he did not
achieve. However he had a plan, as was learned later. It was a matter of
provoking an incident between the Portuguese settlers and the FRELIMO forces,
whereby black Mozambican soldiers enlisted as mercenaries in Rhodesia, would
go to the defense of the whites, subsequently followed by Rhodesian troops,
who would transform their accidental entry into a de facto occupation. It did
not go into practice because of a lack of opportunity or because of discourage-
ment at the determination of the Portuguese authorities of the transition
government.

Through the area coveted by Smith, as well as by others, runs the railway,

given in concession in 1891 by the Company of Mozambique with the approval of
the Government of Lisbon, to a Hollander named Henry Theodore Van Laun, who

54



Our car eventually hits the clean-smelling mink and manure black area called
Biepkloof Extension. It is like another world. It is like driving from
Beirut say, into some holy city.

They say the state of emergency will eventually sort out this mess. How can
they be so dumb?

If I have youngsters who are thinking more of guns and death than school-books,
who have become au fait with dealing with tearsmoke; if I have the frightful
feeling that these are the children of tomorrow, how on earth is a state of
emergency going to bring back the joy?

This article was written before the curfew was imposed on Soweto.

CSO: 3400/1119

108



JPRS*SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NEW IMPETUS GIVEN TO LICHINGA GREEN ZONES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] In connection with the development of green zones, 107.5 hectares
assigned to the 350 familes constitute the total area of the lowlands occupied
by the family sector in the No 1 urban locality of Lichinga, in Niassa.

Various crops have been planted in these areas, namely, green vegetables, white
potatoes, beans and corn.

This information was recently released in Lichinga, during an interview. which
the first secretary of the No 1 urban locality committee, Afonso das Neves
Ussene, granted to the correspondent from NOTICIAS in Niassa,

Afonso das Neves Ussene remarked: "Compared with last year, the development of
the green zones has.made considerable Progress, since, this year alone, over
180 new families have entered, to whom new plots of land have been distributed."

The first secretary of the No 1 urban locality committee of Lichinga considered
the work done by the Chinese internationalists assigned to the plant multipli-
cation center to be positive. "These technicians have publicized the agricul-
tural techniques for growing green vegetables, in addition to their normal
work,"

We need only note that. the four locality committees in the city of Lichinga
were created during November of last year, to realize that they are a recent
creation. They resulted from the materialization of the instructions from
the first national meeting of cities and communal districts, and are a direct
consequence of the latter's development.

Afonso das Neves Ussene also discussed the work done by the locality committee
in the following remarks:

"Upon the creation of the urban locality executive council committees, the
tasks which had previously been performed by the directorate of ‘communal
districts started to be done by the new structures. To ensure the satisfactory
operation of the party cells, ‘our committee formed some ‘working -commissions
whose task it is to render assisstance. From the results accrued, we observe

72



He said that deserving workers were rewarded and as a result, a spirit of
competition between the various teams on the shifts.

"It is common these days to hear one Shift Leader asking ‘how many tonnes did
the last Shift make?'

"And when they hear that the previous shift has made say 1,000 tonnes, they
will say, right, we shall beat them. And they will make 1,500 tonnes, and
this goes on all the time.”

Mr A. K. Kessie, the Organising Assistant said this is what the workers at the
AGC call "The Jonas Magic”. This is in reference to Mr Sam Jonas, the Deputy
Managing Director who took over as acting General Mines Manager on June 13,
and who in their view acted as a catalyst of change.

Mr Kessie mentioned a crisis which developed in mid-August where steel balls
were needed for the grinding mill at the Treatment Plant. None were available
and the imported ones were not expected until the end of the month.

He continued that a meeting of the production unit was called to find ways and
means of solving the problem so as not to dampen the new spirit of work ethics
which had been built up.

The production unit came to the conclusion that they should ask some of the
old workers at the Treatment Plant if any steel balls were around the area.

“One old worker remembered that in former times partly worn out ones used to
be thrown into the bush about a mile and half away, so they all went there,
with a caterpiller to turn the soil and all of them, General Mines Manager,
Technical Services Manager, workers, everybody, you name it, was there,
digging with hands till enough balls were found.

“And the beautiful thing was that is saved this country a substantial amount
in foreign exchange," he concluded.

Messrs Williams Akouko Gvapong, Secretary to the Senior Staff Association and
Dr. J. Y. Timbilla, a member, Board of Directors of the AGC siad that the new
atmosphere created at the Goldfields is a result of the firm handling by the
new management of cases of indiscipline, theft and other malpractices without
regard to the status of the offender or the colour of his skin.

They mentioned the case of the mines stores were over the years, millions of
cedis (in dollar terms) worth of items were written off due to thefts and
other malpractices and said that the new management has dealt effectively with
the issue and about a dozen of the staff there have been given the quit order.

In another instance, an expatriate mining engineer, John Hutchinson was

dismissed toward the end of last month and asked to leave the country for acts
which tended to sabotage increased gold production at the mines.

24



JPRS“SSA=854099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAFAMBISSE SUGAR FACTORY RECOVERING FROM PAST ILLS
Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 15 Aug 85 pp 8-9

[Article by Daniel Cuambe: "A11 Obstructions Must be Removed Without Fail by
Harvest Time]

[Text] From an extremely serious and difficult situation, from the organiza-
tional, disciplinary and labor point of view, the Mozambique Sugar Factory
(AM) located in Mafambisse, district of Dondo, unlike the picture it pre-
sented a little more than a month ago, at this moment is moving more surely,
notwithstanding the seriousness and the drama with which some problems per-
sist and present themselves, with Prospects of success toward the harvest.

Scheduled to begin operations between the end of August and beginning of
September, the harvest this time is being carefully prepared, the object of a
timely analysis of all the factors, including those which may appear in-
significant. All those things are the palpable results of the work of the
high-level delegations of the leadership of the Province of Sofala and the
Ministry of Agriculture, headed respectively by Marcelino dos Santos and
Joao dos Santos Ferreira.

Discontent, lack of a sharp sense of organization and scheduling was firmly
ensconced in the Mozambique Sugar Factory, which led to disobedience and
negligence, turning the factory into a world of spider webs, filth and

dust covering sensitive and sophisticated equipment, theft in the offices and
the destruction of miscellaneous machinery, in short, sabotage.

The aforementioned delegations came to the AM because all those problems
seriously threatened the harvest, and if it is not done this year, the re-
sults would extend for another 3 or 4 years, primarily in the agricultural
technical field, according to experts on the subject. Also, Marcelino dos
Santos, at a mass meeting declared: "Whatever fate has in store, this year
the cane must be cut and that is our basic problem at this moment."

Labor Force

When we visited Mafambisse nearly 5 weeks ago, much was saild about a
shortage of seasonal manpower for the rural area. Fifteen hundred men are
needed and at this time there are only 400. "It is necessary to invent
ideas so that the 1,100 who are needed will appear," recommended Marcelino
dos Santos at the time.

90


The delegate from Agriculture, referring to other crops, indicated that "we are
already beginning preparation of more than 50 hectares of terrain in Carunjanba
destined for the planting of banana trees, since climatic conditions of the
region lend themselves well to banana growing."

As for olive trees and grapevines, crops threatened with extinction, they are
trying to occupy the place that belongs to them in the scope of agricultural
development of the province of Namibe.

For that purpose, stressed the official of that ministry, a vast lebor of olive
grove transplanting with the aim of planting 70 more hectares is under way right
now, while it will work toward increasing vineyard cultivation.

Oil Factory Will Soon Be Set Up

Meanwhile, the available infrastructures are still insufficient for harvest and
result in the waste of ripe olives. With this negative factor, the olives
become overripe and are useless for canning. Pereira Camaninga said that, as

a resource, an oil processing plant will be set up in Namibe, aiming to avoid
wasting olive production.

In fact, according to the delegate, the equipment needed to set up the complex
is already in this province. This equipment came from Italy and instellation
is expected to begin soon.

When we broached the subject of irrigating the crops, he emphasized that there
are no problems that would stand in the way of normal water supplies, since
what is used comes from underground. The same thing is happening to the fer-
tility of land which he considered satisfactory since it is based on three
methods of fertilizing: chemical, animal and mud, this last consisting of
fertilizing with plant debris carried along by the currents of the converging
rivers.

On the other hand, farmers! associations are showing reduced production due to
serious difficulties such as scarcity of rainfall which limits activity in the
fields, since a large portion of them are located in municipalities in the
interior of the province, with barely 50 tons of different products having been
recorded in the entire first semester.

He made scant reference to other problems. He pointed out a number of tasks to
be carried out, scattered among acquisition of nearly 20 motorpumps, electri-
fication of the Bero greenbelt, which, once achieved, will allow the motor-
pumps to be replaced and then moved to those areas where electric energy is
scarce.

Along with that, he revealed the existence of a short-term plan which permits
repair of tractors and motorpumps.

Also included in the forecasts of the agriculture delegation is. the drilling

of wells to extract water to serve cattle in the areas where nomandism makes
lack of that indispensable ‘resource acutely felt by the people.

9895
cso: 3442/396


that the deicision was good, because it has enabled us to. immediately solve
certain problems facing the cells."

In tribute to the 10th anniversary of national independence the first locality
of the city of Lichinga has its plan directed more toward the area of defense
of the fatherland. Hence, the patrolling of work and residential sites has
been carried out in its entirety, particularly in the area of the celebrations,
and the operation of the vigilance groups has been reactivated, while the
ranks of the Popular Militias have been expanded.

2909
CSO: 3442/419

73



JPRS+SSA+85*099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DELEGATION PARTICIPATES IN MILAN CRIME PREVENTION CONGRESS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] Reports received from Rome by AIM [Mozambique Information Agency] note
that the Mozambican delegation which took part in the Seventh International
Congress on Crime Prevention and Combat, in Milan, Italy, starting on 23
August, considered the armed banditry in Mozambique to be a crime organized
by the imperialists, through the South African regime.

In its remarks delivered on 30 August, the Mozambican delegation also described
apartheid as the Nazism of the present age, stating that therefore it should be
combated by all mankind, as it. was in the past.

The Mozambican delegation pointed out that apartheid is the main cause for the
destabilization of the independent countries in the southern part of Africa,
including Mozambique.

The Mozambican delegation claimed that the battle being waged by the South
African people, under the leadership of ANC [African National Congress], will
end victoriously, because it is just.

Another action considered to be criminal by the Mozambican delegation is the
looting of the natural resources of Third World countries being done by the
multinationals, including the payment of starvation wages to the workers of
those same countries.

The pollution of those same nations resulting from the failure to apply proper
safety measures on the part of those multinationals was also regarded as another
crime by the Mozambican delegation.

To correct the financial and economic inequality that typifies the world of
today, the Mozambican delegation issued a vigorous appeal to the nations of
the entire world to establish a new. international economic order; and said
that it believed that a mutually advantageous cooperation among the countries
would be the only method capable of leading humans to the attainment of peace,
if they want harmonious development.

79



JPRS=SSA*85~099
16 October 1985

ANGOLA

AMBASSADOR TO LISBON DISCUSSES RELATIONS WITH PORTUGAL
Luande, JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Aug 85 p 12

[Bext7 The Angolan ambassador to Portugal, Mawete Joao Baptista, told ANOP
that relations between our country and Portugal "can improve as time goes by
whenever the will to do so is there." Improvement in Luso-Angolan relations
requires patience. “But the main thing is to know what one wants. We in
Angola are ready to move forward. It now depends on the Portuguese Government,"
stated the ambassador, who has been in his current position for three months
and considers it imperative to affirm the mutual desire for a closer relation-
ship.

Furthermore, he pointed out that the important thing is the bilateral relation-
ship and not the result of actions taken within the scope of the Lome Conven-
tion. “Portugal's entry into the EEC and Angola's adherence to the agreement
were a coincidence. But that is not what can strengthen the rapprochement
‘between the two peoples."

Mawete Joao Baptista admitted that if the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Jaime Gama, were to go to Angola during the ministers' meeting of non-aligned
nations in September as an observer, he would perhaps make some contacts at that
time with the local authorities, in order to see how it might be possible to
overcome some of the existing difficulties in Lisbon-Luanda relations.

"portugal is the only one that can lose as a result of the present difficulties.
Angola will not lose because it is a young and rich comtry which can very well
establish relations with a number of other countries," said the ambassador, who
defended the priority given to bilateral relations and stated that most Portu-
guese politicians have not been very explicit concerning Portugal's foreign
policy.

"through 10 years of independence, soon to be completed, Angola has created
conditions to make itself a strong country: national unity, defense and ter-
vitorial integrity, international prestige..." said Mawete Joao Baptista also
while expounding the theory that the government of the RPA can strengthen its
bilateral ties with Paris, Rome and other capitals if it should turn out to be
impossible (also) to develop further ties with Lisbon.



If there is one thing that South Africa will stand accused of in future, it is
turning these lovely kids into monsters. So why don't we stop them? Remember
we turned them into heroes. We let them march on the Casspirs and the Hippos
while we watched apprehensively.

Other adults inside those vehicles treated these children like the enemy. The
advancing army out to destroy the law and order of this beautiful land.

Adult South Africa of this age will stand accused in history's dock for bring-
ing into the world such a generation. What a terrible wotld for these children
who are losing out on the excitement of being young, bhe legendary joy of
school-days.

You may not feel all that guilty because they are not your children. You might
even scoff at the lack of discipline that seems to have overcome blacks. You
might believe it is simply an aberration of these ugly times which is bound to
disappear like a nightmares Black parents cannot afford that luxury. We are
responsible for this, we feel.

I live in Diepkloof Extension which is one of those model swank townships where
it is hoped a new breed of blacks is sprouting. Part of my family still lives
in the ghetto; so do my friends. We often play a game of Scrabble with these
chaps and if you know this game it makes time fly.

The next time we look at the clock it is way past midnight. We have to drive
one of the chaps back into the ghetto. It is not quiet. There are lights here
and there. The shebeens are electric with sounds of music and laughter. But
danger hangs almost palpable over the darkness.

We hit a mainroad and run smack into the smouldering heap of a burning car.
The smouldering sagging tyres give the vehicle an obscene aspect, almost like
a woman who has been raped. There might be bodies in that car.

Beirut to a Holy City

We drive carefully, almost to a halt, Then our car takes off in hysteric
speed. For not far from the car, there are two to three flickering lights.
Looks like the police. Nobody stops in the night of the emergency, not even
to save a life.

You do not wish to be found hanging around a burning car with maybe burning
flesh in it. They are not going to ask questionszand when they do it will be
most unpleasant. You might end up in a smouldering heap of metal yourself,
your terrified flesh desperately trying to break loose from hot melting metal.
You run.

In the haste of the moment we almost drive straight into another van, which
also looks like a police car. They are everywhere. This is Orlando. We
used to drink, carouse, till the wee hours in Orlando.

Today you need your head examined to drive around Orlando in the middle of the
night. .

107


JPRS*SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AGREEMENT ALLOWS BRAZILIANS TO WORK ON URBAN PROJECTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] An agreement on cooperation. between the State Secretariat of Physical
Planning of Brazil and the Executive Council of the City of Maputo was signed
recently in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Among other things, the agreement
calls for sending, within a brief period of time, a team of technicians to work
in various urban development sectors in the nation's capital.

This information was provided. to our reporter yesterday by Alberto Massavan—
hane, chairman of the Executive Council of the City of Maputo, shortly after
he landed at the international airport in Maputo, after having visited Brazil
for nearly 3 weeks.

The chairman of the City of Maputo Executive Council left Mozambique bound for
Brazil on 15 August, at the invitation of the governor of the State of Rio de
Janeiro.

Commenting on the purposes of the visit, Alberto Massavanhane claimed that they
had been fulfilled, because there are great opportunities for some Mozambican
cities to achieve a close bond with some Brazilian cities.

The chairman of the Executive Council of the City of Maputo remarked: "In the
meetings that we held with the authorities in the Brazilian cities, it was
agreed that the cities of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Belo Horizonte
should intensify their cooperative relations with the cities of Beira, Maputo,
Quelimane and Tete or Inhambane, respectively."

Alberto Massavanhane explained that, in the selection of cities of the two
countries for the intensification of relations, the features of each of the
cities were taken into account.

During its stay in Brazil, the Mozambican delegation visited the cities of Rio
de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Salvador and Belo Horizonte. While visiting
each of these cities, the Mozambican delegation held meetings with the respec—
tive authorities, pertaining to the friendly, cooperative relations that exist
between the municipalities of those cities and the Executive Council of the
City of Maputo.

77



JPRS#SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

GAS SURVEY TO CONTINUE--Windhoek.--First indicatdons of seismological surveys
on the Kudu gas field off the SWA coast were that the deposits coverdd an
area of about 190 square km, the SWA Oil and Gas Exploration Corporation
(SWACOR) said in Windhoek yesterday. The next step would be to carry out an
economic viability study of the natural gas before further test holes were
drilled in the sea north of Oranjemund, SWACOR said in a statement. The
viability study would be aimed at establishing in broad terms the production
costs, marketing and value of products manufactured from Kudu gas. SWACOR said
that if the gas-containing sand bed indicated by the seismic "anomaly" was
of the same depth as that found in the first Kudu test hole, "considerable
volumes of gas" would be present in the SWA territorial waters. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Sep 85 p 9]

CAIRO TO CAPE ROAD COMPLETE~-Windhoek.--A continuous strip of tarred road

now spans Africa from the Cape to Cairo through South West Africa. The last
60 km of gravel road between Ondangua and Oshikango in Northern SWA has now
been wre with tarmac. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep
85 p 15

cso: 3400/1209

103



JPRS*SSA=85~099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

OFFICIAL STATUTE FOR STATE ENTERPRISES DECREED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 10

[Text] The Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Mozambique has
decreed the official statute for five national enterprises in the foreign
trade area, as a means of dealing with the increasing complexity and greater
specialization that our foreign trade relations have imposed.

Officially established were the National Export Enterprise (ENACOMO), the
Consumer Goods Import Enterprise (IMBEC), the Electric, Electronic and House-
hold Electric Equipment Import and Distribution Enterprise (INTERELECTRA),

the Industrial Equipment Foreign Trade Enterprise (INTERMAQUINA) and the Metal
Import and Distribution Enterprise (INTERMETAL).

The National Export Enterprise (ENACOMO) will be engaged in export activity in
general, carrying out on the domestic and foreign markets all the commercial
and prospecting operations which prove suitable for its purpose. The establish-
ment fund assigned to it has been set at 200 million meticals.

As decreed by the Council of Ministers, ENACOMO, which has its headquarters in
Maputo, is a state enterprise of national scope, under the superintendency of
the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

The Consumer Goods Import Enterprise (IMBEC) will engage in importing goods and
products to be used for the regular supply of the population, as well as raw
materials for the textile and clothing industry. This enterprise is endowed
with an establishment fund of 444 million meticals.

IMBEC has its headquarters in the nation's capital, and is an enterprise of
national scope, provided with legal status, and administrative and financial
autonomy, under the superintendency of the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

The Electric, Electronic and ‘Household Electric Equipment Import and Distribu-
tions Enterprise (INTERELECTRA) will engage in importing and distributing high
and low voltage electrical equipment, electronic apparatus, telecommunications
equipment and household electrical appliances. It has an establishment fund
of 84 million meticals.

88



land needed for the establishment of a railroad, as well as that needed for
stations, platforms, piers, and other installations..." "Portions of the land
located (successively and) alternately along the line, forming squares whose
sides shall be 5 kilometers or a total surface of 2,500 hectares..." "the
right of preference for the construction of any trunklines which the company
believes it should build in the zone established above of 100 kilomters on each
side."

The Islamic Plan

In the Portuguese consulate, during the period in which Baltazar Rebello de
Souza was governor general of Mozambique (Rebello with two 1's and Sousa with
az, as he let the press know he wanted his name spelled), it was heard re-
peatedly--and all the proofs that confirmed it could not be disguised—-that
Lisbon was betting on a plan for the elimination of FRELIMO by two means:
cutting the country in half by means of the white occupation of the Zambezi
Valley, and the use of the river as a "highway" between the mining zones of
Tete and the coast and surrounding the rebels, thus confined to the North, by a
great Islamic occupation movement.

The plan, whose first part was the responsibility of the Office of Mapping of
Mozambique, would primarily include the creation of an Islamic University,
paid for by the Portuguese authorities, on the Island of Mozambique and the
installation there of the Sultan of Zanzibar, uncontested chief of the Moslems
of the eastern coast of Africa and exiled in London since the creation of
Tanzania (Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar). According to what was learned
then, the project failed because the Sultan did not agree to it. He preferred
to remain in London as a protege of the British crown, and also because by that
time FRELIMO had opened fronts below the Zambezi.

Can it be that a new division of the country, now through the military control
of the railway and oil pipeline by Harare, even under a regime of dubious
transitoriness, cannot destroy the territorial configuration left by the
Portuguese, and will it not whet the appetites of the present Islamic expansion-
ism?

If Portugal wants a country named Mozambique to maintain its borders, negotiated
between the Portuguese and English, and which Gago Coutinho marked on the land,
it will have to think greatly on the phrase by Sarmento Rodrigues, which we
have quoted before, and on the responsibilities it places on it. FRELIMO

the only valid spokesman in this project, like Portugal, will have to think
very seriously about the time already lost without coming to an understanding
as to what is important: To continue with history.

8908
cso: 3342/395

56



JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ZIMBABWE SENDS TROOPS TO PROTECT UNTALI-BEIRA CORRIDOR
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 23 Aug 85 pp 7-8
[Article by Ilidio Rocha: "Zimbabwe Troops Recreate Smith's Dream]

[Text] Smith's dream of controlling the corridor through which the railway

and oil pipeline, which tie present-day Zimbabwe with the sea through the

port of Beira, with Rhodesian troops is now realized. In fact, troops of

that country--4,000 men last June, with a promise of more--occupy the area

as a help to the government of Maputo. This is simultaneously and mainly a
defense of the interests of Harare and perhaps the realization of a dream which
dates back to Rhodes and was . more recently expressed by Smith between 25 April
and the independence of Mozambique.

Without the port of Beira, Zimbabwe, the only Front Line country with a balanced
economy, not only would not be able to export its minerals but it would have

no petroleum, unless it delivers itself with its hand tiéd and a noose around its
neck into the hands of Pretoria (The Zimbabwe-Maputo link via Limpope has not
been operational for a long time due to the sabotage by RENAMO {Mozambique
National Resistance], which is also playing the game of apartheid and dismantel-
ing of the country.

"Yelp" May Destroy Mozambique as a Nationality

On the other hand, a Untali-Beira corridor could destroy Mozambique as a
nationality and give an opportunity to other dreams, perhaps originating in the
north and of Islamic inspiration.

"Mozambique is Mozambique because Portugal exists." This phrase which was adopt-
ed at the time as a confirmation of the obtuse policy of Lisbon by all those
settlers who needed a reason for justifying colonialism, was uttered in 1962 by
Admiral Sarmente Rodrigues when he arrived in the Indian Ocean colony to exercise
the post of governor general after having been the minister of overseas affairs.
That the phrase meant something else is told us by the initiative undertaken

by the admiral by writing and prefacing a book titled “Ancient Carography of
Central Africa and the Crossing between Angola and Mozambique" by Commandant
Teixeira de Mota, proving Portuguese seniority in trips through the interior of
Africa, between Angola and Mozambique, and the legitimacy by default of the
borders of the two great territories at that time under Portuguese administration.

52



JPRS*SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

CHAD

CHAD REACTION TO LIBYAN SUMMIT OFFER 'CAUTIOUS'
PM201345 Paris LE MONDE in French 19 Sep 85 p 5
[F.C. report: "Toward A Habre-Al-Qadhdhafi Meeting?"]

[Text] Is there a possibility of a meeting between Chadian President Hissein
Habre and Colonel al-Qadhdhafi even though, 1 year after the signing of the
Franco-Libyan agreement on the simultaneous withdrawal of their troops, Chad
is still cut in two, with 5,000 Libyan soldiers still occupying the north of
the country? "The ball is in Libya's court," Chadian Ambassador in Paris

Mr Allam-Mi said on Tuesday 17 September, before adding: "Our only precondi-
tion for this summit is that it should be held on neutral ground."

The meeting could take place in Rabat or Libreville, two capitals which, to
different extents, have recently served as intermediaries to facilitate con-
tacts between Ndjamena and Tripoli. Initially Ndjamena sent an envoy to Rabat
to restore the good relations undermined by the August 1984 Arab-7African
Treaty of Union between Morocco and Libya. President Hissein Habre's visit to
Morocco was to seal that reconciliation, the Chadian ambassador in Paris being
accredited to Rabat too since 11 July. The Moroccans pointed out that Chad
could adhere to the Oujda Treaty, thus facilitating its reconciliation with
Tripoli. Ndjamena did not object in principle but pointed out that Tripoli
should withdraw its troops from Chad and not hinder an inter-Chadian reconci-
liation. A Libyan envoy, accompanied by a top Moroccan official, went to
Ndjamena, but these contacts apparently did not produce results.

It is now Tripoli which is reviving the offer of a summit meeting. Mr Allam-
Mi went to Tripoli at the end of August at the invitation of Colonel Hasan
Ishkal, military governor of Sidra. The latter apparently said that a meeting
between Hissein Habre and al-Qadhdhafi was the only chance of settling the
Chadian conflict. The ambassador's secret visit to a villa in the Libyan
capital took place at the same time as a Gabonese delegation, sent to President
Hissein Habre by Mr Bongo, was in Ndjamena with a quasiofficial invitation
from Tripoli.

Chadian circles are very cautious about this Libyan offer. "We want a frank
and direct dialogue between equals," the Chadian ambassador nonetheless told
us, explaining that it was out of the question for this meeting to be held in
Tripoli, as Col Al-Qadhdhafi originally wanted.

cso: 3400/19 14



JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

LIBERIA

ECONOMY'S PROSPECTS EXPLORED
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 Sep 85 pp 5-6
[Article by F. W. Wilson]

[Text] Any sound analysis of Liberia's economy is bound to take into
consideration certain features relative to all developing economies.

Generally, developing economies are tied down to the apron strings of external
forces such as the IMF and World Bank; a condition only made ridiculous by the
downward spiral in the prices of major foreign exchange earners and debt
burden.

Against this unfortunate background developing countries have taken several
different measures to combat these economic malaise. In Liberia in spite of
the painful prescriptions government has adapted to meet the requirements of
the IMF, there still remains an economic upturn to manifest itself.

Like all single export-oriented economies, ours is seriously damaged by
pittances being paid for our major commodity--Iron ore--by the world market.

In fact, the effect of this bad pricing of our foreign exchange earners had
dictated the closure of two of Liberia's major concessions, the Liberia Mining
Company and the National Iron Ore Company.

The remaining concessions operating on the brink of collapse have resorted to
cost-saving measures encompassing retrenchment in the work-force, as well as
curtailing services in many areas.

Our economy therefore, is only propped up by harsh economic measures as well as
aid input from foreign financial institutions. Mention must also be made of
loans and grants from Western governments to finance budget deficits.

Aside from the vagaries of the world economy, ours is worsened by capital
flight and confidence crisis in the banking system. The apparent cause of
capital flight stems from the decadent legislation which exempts foreigners
from owning property. The reversal of this legislation, followed by tough
measures against anyone taking money above a specified amount out of the
country, could have the impact of drastically curbing the perennial capital

43



For his part, Bangura admitted that most of the Sosos in the country,
especially Monrovia, are refusing to cooperate with him.

Despite the on-going rivalry, he said his administration would go ahead with
the implementation of its programs which are being positively responded to by
some members of the community.

cso: 3400/20

47



the seventh anniversary of the creation of the cooperative, a social gathering
was organized, attended by relatives and other guests.

This was also the first time than any of the cooperative members had taken her
husband, son, grandson or other relatives to the site. This event represented
a unique occasion in the lives of those peasant women gathered for production
in a collective fashion.

Participating in the social gathering was the OMM secretary general, Salome
Moiane, and the secretary of this mass organization for the city of Maputo,
Cristina Tembe, as well as other party cadres from this city.

Moreover, it was noted that the program.of festivities included a visit to all
the cooperative's sections, thereby providing more detailed information to the
visitors on the cooperative's activities.

Throughout the ceremony, there was no lack of presentations of several aspects
of our cultural heritage by groups from the OMM in the No 7 urban district of
the Kenneth Kaunda agricultural cooperative, the children from the 7 April day-
care center and the Makwaiela group from Vidreira.

The OMM's secretary general congratulated the cooperative. members there present
on the success that they had achieved, claiming that the victory being celebrat-
ed on that occasion was possible thanks to the FRELIMO Party's correct leader-
ship.

2909
CSO: 3442/417

76



JPRS=SSA=854099
16 October 1985

FUNDS FOR FERTILIZER PROJECT--Tanzania will receive more funds for the
construction of a multi-million fertilizer Plant at Kilwa Masoko in
Southern Tanzania which will utilise deposits of gas at the Songo Songo
fields, the Minister for Water, Energy and Minerals, Mr Al Noor Kassun,
has said. He told Parliament that four countries and an American company,
Overseas Private Investment Corporation, had confirmed loans and credits
to the tune of Sh. 6.1 billion to finance the Project. More funds of
between Sh. 3 and 6 million will come from other sources, including the
Commonwealth Development Corporation. This would be confirmed shortly.

Mr Kassum told the House there were other foreign firms which would parti-
cipate in the capital-intensive project estimated to cost Sh. 8.7 billion.
He said Italy has granted Tanzania Sh. 70 million for a survey on a pipe-
line from the Songo Songo gas field to the plant. According to a statement
by the Minister in 1982, the Plant was to cost Sh. 4,565 million, but it
now appears that it will cost more. The Plant will produce 345,000 tonnes
of ammonia. [Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY in

English Aug 84 p 48]

cso: 3400/6

138


We will support him especially if he wants to address the inimical attitude
of the surrounding countries doing so through the repeal of the customs
union and the withdrawal of transportation facilities or by lifting the
transportation subsidies on the traffic to surrounding countries. These
are sensitive punitive measures in themselves and will be saving the white
taxpayers in South Africa at least 350 million rand annually.

We do understand that as leader of the National Party the state president
wants to make an effort in preventing a loss of prestige and supporters.
However, we find it irresponsible for putting South Africa in an unenviable
position in the eyes of hundreds of millions abroad by using "vigor" in
internal matters.

Mx Botha has manifested a sense of poor timing, because sending back one

and one-half million foreign workers is an action which must be taken only
as a last resort, but then it must be done with firmness and not as a threat.

7964
cso: 3401/303

131



JPRS*SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

BENIN

ARMED FORCES RECEIVE INSTRUCTION ON GENEVA CONVENTIONS
Cotonou EHUZU in French 22 Aug 85 pp 1, 8

[Article by L.B.: "Conferences on Humanitarian Rules of Warfare Held Within
Armed Forces"]

[Text] A constantly growing number of persons are calling attention to and
denouncing the serious violations of the most elementary principles of
humanity being committed during armed conflicts in all of the world's hot
spots such as the Persian Gulf, Lebanon, Western Sahara, etc. People still
vividly recall the atrocities of the two World Wars.

To show their attachment to these principles recognized by the four Geneva
Conventions of 1949 and their supplementary protocols signed in 1977, the FAP
[People's Armed Forces] recently organized a program of troop information
conferences on the humanitarian rules of warfare in garrisons at Parakou,
Quassa, Ouidah, Porto-Novo, and Cotonou.

This program was also prompted by an earnest desire to comply with the article
of those conventions requiring contracting nations to publicize the entire
series of humanitarian safeguards established by the conventions.

These conferences were conducted from 30 July to 2 August under the sponsorship
of the International Committee of the Red Cross for West Africa represented by
Mr Rougemont. Also particpating were representatives of the Beninese Red Cross
and an FAP delegation headed by Lieutenant Colonel Boni.

During these conferences, officers, noncommissioned officers, and their
revolutionary counterparts and authorities from the garrisons were able to
familiarize themselves with the various provisions of the Geneva Conventions,
including the rights and obligations they prescribe within opposing armed forces
and relative to civilian populations and targets. It being understood that no
one may voluntarily renounce or be forced to renounce the protection provided
by the Geneva Conventions, as set forth in the general rules attached thereto.

Each one of the four conventions provides particular safeguards:
a. The first convention protects wounded and sick servicemen in the field;

b. The second includes provisions for the care and treatment of wounded, sick,
and shipwrecked members of the armed forces at sea;

9



JPRS#SSA*85*099
16 October 1985

‘WEB OF INTRIGUE’ REPORTED BEHIND JAILED PROMINENT FIGURES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Sep 85 p 10

[Article by Gerald L'ange]

[Text]

“Amnesty international has’ focused”

a penetrating spotlight on the‘
Byzantine twists of the political
power struggle in Swaziland.

The London-based legal and:
human rights organisation has
taken up the case of five prominent
Swazis who have been in jail for
more than seven months without

_being brought to trial.

The offences alleged against all
five are political and friends believe
they will be'released if those now in

‘control in Swaziland lose the power

struggle that followed the death in
1982 of King Sobhuza II.

Amnesty International regards at -
least one of the five, former finance /
minister Sishayi Nxumalo, as a
“prisoner of conscience” — in other
words, a political prisoner.

The other four are “probably *:
prisoners of conscience”, in
Amnesty International's view. The

authorities have threatened to

charge the four with treason but
have yet to do so.

Dr Nxumalo was arrested in
November, 1984, on the same day as ;
the police pulled in the former °
army chief of staff, Colonel ~
Mangomeni Ndzimandze, and the ©
army’s chief of logistics, Major
Abednego Dlamini. '

Mr Titus Msibi, the former
commissioner of police, and Mr
Edgar Hillary, the deputy police
commissioner, were arrested in
January this year.

All five are being held under
renewable 60-day detention orders,

authorised personally by Prime
° Minister Bhekimpi Dlamini, and the

133

“orders cannot be challenged ‘in the
courts.

‘An unusual aspect of the case is .

that the prosecution is being
handled not by Swaziland’s director
of public prosecutions but by a
Durban advocate, Mr JS Janson,
who is briefed by an Mbabane
attorney, Mr E Carlston.
No public explanation has been
given for the prosecution being
‘handled by private lawyers rather
than by Swaziland’s director of
public prosecutions. This procedure
is usually adopted only when the

goverment prosecutors are ;
overburdened with other matters. It *

is not known whether this is the
case.

Mr Carlston is on record as
saying: “I know everybody wants to
dispose of the matter as quickly as

sible.”

The Johannesburg attorney

: representing the detainees, Mr
Raymond Tucker, declined to
comment at this stage.

Amnesty International has issued
repeated calls for urgent action,

* noting only last week that Dr

:.Nxumalo had become seriously ill
* with pneumonia.

Dr Nxumalo is reported to have
gone on a hunger strike after his
detention order was renewed in
May. He demanded either to be
released or brought to trial.
According to Amnesty
International, he was then told he

: would be charged with treason but
no charges have yet been laid.
o

-o o
Dr Nxumalo, who held several

SWAZILAND



JPRS*SSA4854099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

LUCAS PIRES OF PORTUGUESE CDS PARTY SUPPORTS MACHEL
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 22 Aug 85 p 13

[Excerpt] Samora Machel is worried about Soviet and Arab infiltrations into
RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance], the rebel movement fighting against
the government, it was revealed yesterday in Ponta Delgada by Francisco Lucas
Pires.

RENAMO is the victim of "a lack of political orientation and leadership,"
added the Portuguese Christian Democratic leader, addressing the participants
at an Azores Rotary lunch.

This situation, which includes the appearance for the first time of Arab in-
fluences south of the Sahel, is causuing “great concern" to Samora Machel and
Western powers, particularly the United States.

Francisco Lucas Pires added that Renamo is fighting for its own survival.

The CDS [Social Democratic Center Party] leader also recalled that Portugal
spent 8.2 million contos last year on the Cabora Bassa Dam, without receiving
any return, "doing so only for reasons having to do with security in the area."

Portugal insures that security in cooperation with Mozambique, or another country
can replace it, whether it be from the Fastern Bloc, or England or France,
declared Lucas Pires.

Portugal is in a privileged position to do so, he continued, recalling that
nearly 600,000 Portuguese live in South Africa, who in the case of a social
crisis will have to seek other places in which to work and live.

Lucas Pires declared that the leadership of Samora Machel in Mozambique is
"unquestionable" and that the changes in that country must be continued with
him, advocating a closer cooperation in the line of the position of the United
States itself.

8908
CSO: 3442/395

51



New Impetus Given to Lichinga Green Zones
(NOTICIAS, 5 Sep 85)....ecccceseecccescccceseccecceceecesee 72

Angonia Population Participates in Corn Harvest
(NOTICIAS, 5 Sep i 7.9

Machava '7 April' Cooperative Shows Marketing Success
(NOTICIAS, 11 Sep 85) cece cece eect ees ec ce eeeeeceececeesesene 75

Agreement Allows Brazilians To Work on Urban Projects

(NOTICIAS, 6 Sep 85).......cceeecceeeesseneee seereceeeee 77

Delegation Participates in Milan Crime Prevention Congress
(NOTICIAS, 5 Sep 85) vce cee cece eee e ee cee ee eeecteeeeeseesenee 79

West German Organization Finances Electricians’ Course
(NOTICIAS, 11 Sep 85) ceceecccceccccecevccvescscssceceeceves OL

Dos Santos Speaks to Information Workers in Beira
(NOTICIAS, 5 Sep 85) ..eccceseeeccceececcceccctcvcccesececs 83

Promising Marketing Campaign Seen for North Tete
(NOTICIAS, 5 Sep 85) occ c cece cece eee ccceeececseresscccesess 86

Official Statute for State Enterprises Decreed
(NOTICIAN, 11 Sep 85)...ccsccecccceeecccesesceseecscssesecs 88

Mafambisse Sugar Factory Recovering From Past Ills
(Daniel Cuambe; DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE, 15 Aug 85)......0.4-- 90

Briefs .
Synthetic Fuel Potential 96
Renamo To Distribute Koran 96
Portuguese Aid Diverted 97
Pemba Merchants Offer Aid 97
Buzi Successful Marketing Campaign 97
Mafalala Has New GD 97
Foreign Journalists' Visit 98
Machel Salutes Bulgarian Revolution 98
New District People's Courts 98
Credit Agreements Ratified 99
Military Training for Drivers 99
Chingozi Airport Repairs 99
NAMIBIA

SWAPO Calls for 'Attack' on Pretoria's Garrisons
(Voice of Namibia, 18 Sep 85).......eccecececcceccescscess 100

SWATF Said in Confident Mood
(Shirley Pressly; EVENING POST, 10 Sep 85)..........eeee+. 102

-d-



In response, the superintendent of the Charitable Institution for the Indigent
in Lisbon, Dr Joao Gomes, said that, despite the fact that the campaign held
under the sponsorship of the institution whose superintendent he is had national
aspects, there is an affinity between the cities of Lisbon and Maputo; and,
hence, he was thrilled by the visit paid to Maputo.

He also claimed that the campaign held in Portugal has exceeded all expecta-
tions, because the response has been massive. He remarked: "This campaign
proved the solidarity, brotherhood and friendship that exist between the
peoples of both countries."

Dr Joao Gomes announced that the campaign is permanent in nature, and is now
assuming cultural features.

"During my visit to Maputo, I have brought various kinds of materials for
artists, including canvases and other items. These materials will be donated
to several artists." Moreover, he added that the results of the contacts made
to date indicate the possibility of an increase in the cooperation in the
cultural area.

He concluded by saying: "During the course of the campaign that we have held,
we are rediscovering the friendship that unites the Mozambicans and the Portu-
guese."

The superintendent of the Charitable Institution for the Indigent gave the
chairman of the Executive Council the record "Embrace for Mozambique," produced
during the course of the campaign recently held in Lisbon, during which various
Portuguese performers participated in a musical show to raise funds to aid the
victims of natural disasters in our country,

He also presented a brochure on the solidarity campaign which we have cited,
and a poster pertaining to the same subject.

Dr Joao Gomes arrived in Maputo on Saturday. On that same night, he took part
in the closing of the International Music Festival to aid the victims of
natural disasters which took place from 1 to 7 September in the nation's
capital.

2909
CSO: 3442/416

68



JPRS*SSA*85~099
16 October 1985

GHANA

INCREASE IN GOLD PRODUCTION ANNOUNCED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Sep 85 pp 1, 5
[Article by Albert Sam]

[Text] Gold production at the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation (AGC) increased
from 65,000 tonnes of ore in March 1985 to 80,000 tonnes in June, 87,000 in
July to more than 90,000 tonnes in August.

There has also been a significant increase in ounces of gold obtained from the
ore and with the strike by miners in South Africa which produces a large
Percentage of the world's gold, Ghana stands a good chance of doubling its
revenue if gold prices should increase on the world market as a result of a
drop in gold supply.

Speaking to the 'GRAPHIC' which had called at the weekend to ascertain reports
that production was picking up, representatives of the various levels of the
11,000 workforce of the AGC said that several factors have contributed to the
increased production at the mines.

One of these factors is the favourable industrial atmosphere as a result of
the very high level of co-operation which now exists between management and
workers, said Mr Bill Hussey, the Technical Services Manager, who since the
beginning of last week has been acting as General Mines Manager in the absence
of Mr Sam Jonas who is now acting Managing Director of the AGC.

He said that the huge capital investment which have been sunk by government
into gold production is being put to good use.

The acting General Mines Manager added that with the arrest and trial of
illegal dealers in gold by the public tribunal during the "Operation Dragnet”
at Obuasi, coupled with the intensification of security supervision at the
mines, “people got the message” and an atmosphere of honest work was
introduced.

Messrs Victor Dandzo and A. K. Kessie, Chairman and Organising Secretary
respectively of the AGC-CDR attributed some of the reasons behind the
increased production to the firm and fair handling of indiscipline,
inefficiency, and other malpractices such as thefts of store materials which
have gone on at the mines for too long.

23



JPRS#SSA#85~099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

JAPANESE DONATION OF FOOD, VEHICLES REPORTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] Readers of the Japanese newspaper YOMIURI SHIMBUM sent a. donation to
Mozambique, through the World Food Program, consisting of five vehicles, two
generators and 211 tons of food products, to aid the population critically
stricken by famine in Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Sofala, Manica and Tete Provinces.
The turnover of the donation, carried out yesterday afternoon in Maputo, was
made by the representative-coordinator of the United Nations system, Arturo
Heim, and it was received by the director of the Department to Prevent and
Combat Natural Disasters, Amos Mahanjane.

The donation that has just been made to our country, worth 99,274,246 yen, will
be channeled to the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters and to
the Ministry of Health's Social Action Department.

This is a gift which is the result of an extensive mobilization campaign
executed by two Japanese missions from the informational area, which came to
our country to learn about the problems stemming from the effects of the long
drought which has stricken our country. Those Japanese missions came to our
country in 1984 and this year.

At the ceremony to deliver the donation, the director of the Department to
Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters declared that it would minimize the
serious shortages of transportation, particularly in the rural areas critically
stricken by famine.

The vehicles will be used primarily to transport food products, medicines and
orphaned children to the accommodation centers set up in various parts of
the provinces hit by natural disasters.

Amos Mahanjane commented: "This important donation has been sent to our country
at a time when we are experiencing extreme difficulties with transport facili-
ties. The Mozambican Government: and people appreciate this important gesture
shown by the readers of the Japanese newspaper YOMIURI SHIMBUM."

This is the second donation that has been. directed toward our country through
the World Food Program in 4 months. However, it should be stressed. that the
vehicles which have now been donated, of the Mitsubishi Pajero make, have
parts and spare replacements available.

2909
CSO: 3442/417 66



FERTILIZER FROM COAL PLAN STUDIED

JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Sep 85 p 11 :

[Text]

cso:

‘THE Government 1g looking into
the ‘possibilities of making am-
monia from coal to cut present
ammonia production costs, the
Minister of Industry and Tech-
nology, Ode Callistus Ndlovu, said
in the Senate yesterday.
Speaking during debate on his

' ministry's $63,933 million vote for

this financial year, he said the
Government wag conducting feasi-
bility studies on the project and
once it became reality, the Gov-
ernment would have made a
maior breakthrough. we A
Ammonium nitrate presently.
being produced at Sable Chemi- ,
eals was being made from import-
ed ammonia and its production |
was very expensive. '

3400/9

Cde Ndlovu said the country's
large coal deposits could be used
by the Government to produce
ammonia locally, .

He said his ministry was also '
giving high priority to the estab-
lishment of another fertiliser plant
in the country,

The minister said that for any -
country to develop, “it had to
achieve irrigation, electrifjgation,
chemicalisation and mechanisa-
tion”, as.they were primary
factors for development,

He said everything was being
,done .to improve Zisco’s position
and several studies were being
undertaken to find ways of mak-
ing it profitable.

Cde Neélovu said that if the
position at Zisco did not improve,
the Government would be forced
to help it out.

142

ZIMBABWE


From a cultural point of view, the awareness of the people, far from dis-
appearing,.was strengthened and increased to its highest levels. Daily,
through the mouths of children, youth. and the old, words of deep hatred for
imperialism were uttered. Together with the people joined by a common cause,
united in an iron wall, they shared moments of sorrowwhichuhistory recorded.

Enjoying the facility of communication through a common language--the Shona
language is similar to Ndau--they conceived and created revolutionary songs
and dances of unimaginable political sense, bravery and determination to
continue the struggle to its final consequences. The end of the "tobacco
farmer" was already foreseen, as was announced by the songs.

With the independence of the Zimbabwean people, the people of Chibabava, and
by extension all the Mozambican people, breathed deeply. The resounding
victory on the other side of the horder, whose echo was heard throughout the
world, suggested the reestablishment of peace, tranquility, and ease here
on the edge of the Indian Ocean.

However, imperialism did not disarm. On the contrary, it used a new form of
aggression, recruiting, training and infiltrating armed bandits, who particu-
larly after 1982, devoted themselves to murdering defenseless civilian citi-
zens the destruction of infrastructure and to the extortion of property and
goods of the people.

"That is why our district is suffering twice: The results of two successive
wars. However, despite that, the people continue to be determined, firm and
spirited. This political condition can be noted in their participation in
the programs of the party and state, particularly in the areas of the battle
against hunger and armed bandits. From'1975 to 1985 more than 3,330 militia-
men were voluntarily trained for self-defense and thousands of youths joined
in the SMO [Compulsory Military Service], thus fulfilling the sacred duty of
defending the country, national independence and revolutionary gains," em-
phasized our interviewee.

Agriculture, the Main Economic Activity

The district of Chibabava does not have an industrial unit, and is essentially
agricultural. It is devoted mainly to the growing of corn, palms, sesame,
nhemba beans, peanuts and in some zones, rice. The private sector alone
occupies an area of 2,930 hectares. Two of its five localities, particularly
Muchungue and Mucheve are potential producers of cashew nuts, a strategic
product for export, for which we have large groves.

Mateus Ressai Sande believes that the economic-social area Chibabava has

had successes, which reveal an outstanding growth despite the criminal
activities of the armed bandits, who seek to block the access roads and make
production difficult, as well as the subsequent movement and sale of products.

With determination, which shall never falter, the people of the zone take up

the hoe and chopper in one hand and the "bazooka" in the other. The people
of Mozambique fight and produce against the will of the armed bandits.

59



the various delegates after which there
were series of lectures.

Dr Jones Ofori Atta who was
scheduled to lead a discussion on the
economic reconstruction of Ghana did
not show up and his place was taken up
by Mr Vincent Bulla, former minister
of trade and industries.

However it was the iecture by Col
Annor-Odjidja, the former director of
military intelligence on the role of the
military in Ghanaian politics which
aroused so much discussion.

Dilating on various subtitles such as
the role of the armed forces, causes of
military intervention in politics in
Ghana, causes of successful coups in
Ghana, possible counter-action and
whether our soldiers can govern, Col
Odjidja concluded: ‘‘after two decades
of military intervention in our politics
surely the time is now appropriate to
think of how to deal with this problem
conclusively.’? Col Odjidja’s suggested
short term strategy, is based on a
singular objective of ending military
domination of our government by re-
storing the free political process. To
achieve this Ghanaians at home and
abroad must be persuaded to unite

. their efforts and through this exert
strong pressures on the PNDC to leave
them with no other choice but to quit
and hand over to an interim civilian ad-
ministration to prepare a programme
for return to elective government.

Finally, the Colonel called for
Ghana’s present backers to be lobbied
that it is not in their long-term dip-
lomatic and economic interest to sup-
port the PNDC.

Colonel Odjidja said he had not
made any calls for violent intervention
because he believes that the use of
soldiers to achieve political ends only
creates future prospects for more
violence. Moreover, he said, a confer-
ence called to examine ways and means
of restoring democracy in Ghana
cannot in all seriousness advocate this
as part of a credible response.

Contributions from the participants
included some from men who have
held public office and therefore dealt
with the military establishment. Both
Mr J.H. Mensah and Dr De Graft
Johnson referred to the corporate
interests of soldiers which are insisted
upon by military leaders and thereby
lead to a lack of defence policy to be

CSO: 3400/1216

16

debated upon or discussed by the
government,

The former Vice President revealed
for the first time that it was due to the
insistence of these corporate interests
of the armed forces by the then Chief
of Defence Staff, Maj-Gen Nunoo-
Mensah which led to his removal
from office. Brigadier Barnor who
replaced him did not help. He chose to
follow the footsteps of his predecessor.

I do not know how former and
present members of the armed forces
would react to the virtual denunciation
of the Ghana Armed Forces by the
man who, for many years, was head of
their intelligence wing, but I did not
envy his position where he also had to
answer questions from his civilian
audience who were in no mood to
accept excuses from any member of the
mililtary about their role in the politics
of the country.

Perhaps it was most appropriate that
the Vice President, Dr De Graft
Johnson, advised everyone present to
accept blame for the army’s dismal
performance. Without suggesting
whether the army should be disbanded
‘or not Dr De Graft Johnson referred to
Britain where, because the people have
a stake in the British society, they
ensure that some of their best children
join the army to protect their interests.

This situation is unlike Ghana where
kids who have nothing useful to do in
society are despatched to the army.
The result, as Dr De Graft Johnson
pointed out, was the admission of men
with Scottish, Togolese and other
foreign parentage and doubtful back-
grounds into the armed forces. On that
note the discussion on the military
ended to allow for some time to discuss
and adopt the conference resolution.

The usefulness of the conference did
not lie only in the lively interaction
among the very impressive number of
delegates. The topics discussed pro-
vided a significant forum for the
political education of Ghanaians who
are determined to ensure that their
country is properly governed. My hope
is that other Ghanaians who have for
various reasons not played an active
part in the struggle to restore democ-
racy in their country will, like members
of the Somali delegation be inspired by
the success of the conference, to join
forces to achieve unity and eventually
their objective.



JPRS*SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

FUNCTION, ORGANIZATION OF YOUTH MOVEMENT DETAILED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 10 Sep 85 p 3

[Article by Opoku Okatakyie]

[Text]

IT must be recalled that just before
December 31, 1981, there were as
many as 800 youth groups in the
country— groups which were as
divergent in their character as they
were nazrow in outlook.

‘These were purely tribal or religious
groups, but there were also a few that
were wings of continental or internatio-
nal movements. Invariably these groups
did not go beyond occasional meetings,

without any definite orientation for,

members.

The organisation of youth in a revo-
lutionary country must of necessity be
under the control of those whose orien-
tation, outlook and commitment to the
revolutionary process are beyond doubt.
That is why the call for representation
on National Youth Organising Commis-
sion by the leadership of various youth
groups is unfortunate.

‘This kind of fusion will simply com-

\d the problems of the youth. What
for example will the representative of
movement ‘A’ do in the interest of the
nation beyond promoting the interest of
his particular movement? _

Looking at the Democratic Youth
League of Ghana as the nucleus of the
mass youth movement any unbiased
observer will note that as it stands, the
D.Y.L.G. is the most broad-based move-
ment today, having a membership of
over 500,000 across the country. It is
guided by rules that are in consonance
with the ideals of December 31st.

Since 1983, the D.Y.L.G. has embark-
ed upon various agricultural and cons-
tructional activities throughout the
country. It has been one of the prime
initiators and executors of the Interna-
tional Youth Year Programme and al-

_most single-handedly carried out Gha-

na’s programme for the 12th W
Festival of Youth and Students. ond

33

Besides this, it carries out compre-
hensive orientation programmes and
literacy campaigns.

While admitting that the movement
should have done much more in over two

. years of existence, any objective observ-

er should not close his eyes to the cons-
traints within which the D.Y.L.G. is
operating. Many a time, programmes of
the movement are frustrated by lack of
basic tools and transport.

The D.Y.L.G. relies heavily on teach-
ers for its organisation. Lack of incenti-
ves for such volunteers kills their zeal.
The young people who constitute such a
movement also need certain signs of
identification in the form of uniforms to
attract more enthusiasts. This state has
come as a result of the very limited
resources at the disposal of the

|.Y.0.C.— the organising commission
for the D.Y.L.G.

It also seems the country’s economic
problems are so serious that the youth
question is not given much thought and
support.

. ‘For example, the Government white-
peper on the mass youth movement has

n moving from one office desk to the
other up till now, meaning there is yet no
legal backing for the D.Y.L.G. Even
more serious is the problem of duplica-
tion of functions at the youth front.

For example, one does not know
exactly where the functions of the
N.Y,O.C, end_and the functions of the
National Mobilisation Programme be-
gin.

If the nation is to have an active mass
youth movement then much more at-
tention must be given to the your
recognition. For in every country where
progress has been made, well organised
youth has been the major executor of
Government programmes.



And we are told better yet by the return of Sarmento Rodrigues to Portugal before
finishing his term, his "relegation to obscurity," and the persecution to which
some of his principal collaborators were subjected, all the work of the sinister
figure of Santa Comba, who was informed of everything (sometimes more than every-
thing). He took action on all of this so that his narrow and provincial points
of view were never the subject of deviation.

Great hopes had been pinned on Sarmento Rodrigues by certain bourgeoisie born
in Mozambique, both white and of mixed blood, for a unilateral declaration of
independence. There was even a public, although not explicit, public invitation
to take such a step and the believers in the solution counted on the prestige
of the admiral in Brazil and in the United Kingdom, countries capable of helping
the rebellion, according to them. At that time Brazil was not yet governed by
military men.

There is Much to Say About Mozambique as a Nation

But let us return to the phrase by Sarmento Rodrigues: "Mozambique is only
Mozambique because Portugal exists." Actually, a country like the former
Portuguese colony on the Indian Ocean has much that can be said about it in
terms of territorial unity. Cut by the Zambezi River, which in turn was the
boundary of the northern strip given up to the administration of the majestic,
racist, English Company of Mozambique; influenced to the north of that river

and a little south of it by a remarkable Islamic culture, which was there before
the Portuguese; pressured to the south by English interests (Lourenco Marques,
gateway to the Transvaal, Swaziland and also Rhodesia, today Zimbabwe), which
gave their culture to the people and even their religion (the capital of
Mozambique has been the headquarters of the Anglican bishopric of the Libombos,
in whose cathedral exist relics of Saint Andre); viewed by the South Africans,
Swazi, Malawians and Zimbabweans as a natural port and as a legitimate access
(even across the corridor) to the sea, which means to trade, energy and fishing--
Mozambique has problems of nationality which go far beyond the alleged tribalism
of the widespread consequences of Portuguese colonialsim. This did not exclude
economic, cultural and religious colonialism, of which the Portuguese emerged

as the main and outstanding beneficiary.

Therefore, only an almost neutral outside force such as the Portuguese presence,
acting easily, at times naively other times shrewdly in a medium so filled with
forces which passed over it or at its side, and because of that respect, was
capable of maintaining law and boundaries. And it was also because of this
that Admiral Sarmento Rodrigues did not see the possibility of consolidating
independence and borders without the accompanyment of that force which had
given it the present outlines.

How he would have imagined that accompanyment is not known. But that it would
not be neocolonialist was guaranteed by the obvious lack of economic power of
Portugal. For that same reason Portugal later became the ideal intermediary
with the great powers, since it had, and has, ideas, the weakness of not being a
competitor and the strength of being the possessor of a wealth of experience,
which is indispensable in a useful dialogue.

53



SOUTHERN SOLIDARITY WEEK

Accra PEOPLE' DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 5

Solidarity Week Launched

[Reticle by Lloyd Evans/

[Text]

A RADIO and television
broadcast by a member of
the PNDC will herald a
week of solidarity which
the Council is to declare for
the people of southern
Africa,

Alhaji Mahama Iddrisu,
member of the PNDC who
disclosed this at the El-Wak
Stadium after an impressive
route march which comprised
a contingent of the Ghana
Armed Forces, staff of the Mi-
nistry of Defence (MOD) wi-
ves and children of soldiers did
not give further details on the
week of solidarity.

Alhaji Iddrisu who is re-
ponsible for Defence made it
clear to the soldiers that Gha-
na will continue to join ranks

with all who genuinely seek to
free the people of Azania from
the shackles of slavery and
atrocities.

He said Ghana supports
without any reservation the
imposition of mandatory eco-
nomic sanctions against
South Africa which by its ar-
rogance and stubbornness has
shown utter contempt and
defiance of the international
community.

‘The PNDC member deciar-
ed: “the white minority have
failed to respond to any ap-
peals of the international
community to reverge the
present distressing trends in
their country” and regretted
that “they are stubbornly
clinging to the unholy doctri-
ne of white superiority”.

He said troops and police
have turned South Africa into
a battle field to suppress the
lawful demands of the
under privileged and oppressed
people of that country.

Alhaji Iddrisu therefore
added to the various calls from
the international community
for the unconditional release
of Nelson Mandela and all
who have been detained under
various unjust laws, and the
restoration of the full partici-
pation of ail races in the poli-
tical activities of South Africa.

Other demands made by the
PNDC member are the enjoy-
ment of basic human rights for
all people in South Africa, and
the unconditional freedom for
the people of Namibia,

19

JPRS+SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

“The strugate will’ never
stop until the black people
f Azania breathe the air of
reedom, justice and hu-
man dignity” Alhaji Iddri-
su stated, and added that
the misguided policies of
the racist Soutlt African
regime are unduly pro-
longing the suffering and.

plight of the oppressed.
“The struggle against
the hideous monster of
apartheid must be intensi-
fied and relentlessly waged
until freedom and human
rights are fully restored”,
he declared. a
In his brief ade -ess, the
Force Commander, Major-
General Arnold Quainoo
said Blacks have known
battle betore the arrival of
the whiteman on the sho-
res of Africa and therefore
Blacks are ever prepared to
meet the whites in any
battle field. “We have nev-
er failed, we have fought in
many wars and we will
continue to fight until final
victory is achieved,” the
Force Commander stated.


NKOMO COMMENTS ON ZANU THREAT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Sep 85 p 16,

[Text]

cso;

HARARE. — The
Zimbabwe opposition
leader, Mr Joshua
Nkomo, yesterday de-
scribed as “very de- ©
structive” renewed _
threats by the Home ‘
Affairs Minister, Mr
Enos Nkala, to “wipe
out” the minority par- ,
ty’s leadership.

Mr Nkala told the Sen-. .

ate: “We will want to
wipe out Zapu leadership:
in the next few month,”
referring to Mr Nkomo’s
beleaguered Zimbabwe:
African People’s Union. +

In -a ‘telephone iriter-

view, Mr Nkomo said:

“These. are very destruc-,
tive things to say. But I!
don’t think a duel would
help at this stage.” He
would not comment fur-
ther.

- “Zapu has got to be
warned. . . Iwant to hear
no pleas for mercy,” Mr
Nkala said of a new purge
following a crackdown:
against Mr Nkomo’s party’
since July in which scores
of the opposition leader’s ,
officials and supporters.
have been detained with-
‘out charge or trial, includ--
ing four MPs.

3400/9

Mr Nkomo himself was
briefly arrested for ques-
Vtioning on unspecified

“criminal charges” on.
Wednesday and the vete- *
.. fan politician’s homes in
, Harare and Bulawayo
have been raided by
police several times.
“Some Zapu Members -
* of Parliament have been
locked up and I may even
:lock up more, including
the very leader himself,”
Mr Nkala told the Senate.
The Minister is a mem-
ber of the Ndebele tribe
, Which traditionally sup-
Ports Mr Nkomo. He was
a founder member of
Prime Minister Mr Ro-
bert Nugabe’s ruling Zim:
babwe African National
Union (Patriotic Front),
which has its power base
with the dominant Shona
tribe.

rere

t :
{At the first Post-inde- ~
pendence elections in
July, Mr Nkala was hu-
miliatingly defeated at the }
polls in the Matabeleland
, Province that is home to ,
' the Ndebele, who voted *

140

* murderous

JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

all 15 parliamentary seats
in their province to Mr

» Nkomo’s Zapu. Mr Mu-
_ gabe’s party won an over-

all overwhelming majori-
ty of 64 seats.

In the Senate, Mr Nka-
la accused the minority
party of being “a murder-
ous organisation with a
leadership,
which encourages its fol-

; lowers to turn to dissident

activities.”
“Dissident” is the of-
feial term for armed anti-

:. government rebels roam-
; ing Matabeleland who

have murdered scores of
Mr Mugabe's party offic-
ials and supporters.

Mr ~Nkomo
ders to the rebels. He

counters that the crack-
down is an attempt to

: frame him and ban his

party so that Mr Mugabe
can go ahead with his

avowed aim to create a:

one-party state in this

denies ;
charges that he gives or-:

ZIMBABWE



JPRS*SSA“85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PROMISING MARKETING: CAMPAIGN SEEN FOR NORTH TETE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] Although the lack of products to back up the agricultural marketing
prevails in the Maravia District of Tete, the campaign is progressing normally,
and in a very promising manner, as reports from this district indicate. At
present, the purchase of surplus products from the population is under way in
three of Maravia's largest producing areas, namely, Uncanha, Malowera and the
locality-headquarters of Fingoe.

A positive indicator of the promising way in which the marketing campaign is
proceeding in that area of North Tete is the fact that, within nearly 2 months,
AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company] was able to purchase of 490
tons of corn, 3 of beans, and 1.of sunflowers and sorghum, in addition to
sizable amounts of peanuts, rice, sesame and nhemba beans.

Some of the reasons explaining this massive involvement of the population in
the campaign are: the fact that the family sector, the most predominent,
increased its growing areas during the previous campaign and, at the same time
it was also possible to accrue greater yields, as a result of the rainfall
which had a timely effect.

The AGRICOM agent in that district also disclosed that the joint effort made
by the population and the state authorities in opening paths, building small
bridges and providing other conditions has been an additional deciding factor.

"The party and state authorities played an active role in mobilizing the
peasants for their involvement in the campaign, as a means of contributing to
the assistance for the populations of other areas of the province stricken by
the drought." This was the explanation given by the AGRICOM agent, commenting
on the work done by the state authorities in connection with the campaign.

Apart. from that political work with the peasants, the AGRICOM agent acknowledged,
however, that, while some work was done, an individual effort was also expended
by the peasants themselves, because, "It is a tradition among the population in
this area to play an active role in the marketing campaigns, since it is through
them that the peasants manage to acquire the products that they need most."

86



JPRS“SSA=85=099
16 October 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION LEAVES FOR GDR--A five-member Ghanaian delegation led by the Under
Secretary for Education, Mr Walter K. Blege, has left Accra for East Berlin at
the invitation of the Government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to
attend this year's Leipzig Book Fair. The Under Secretary told newsmen before
departure that his delegation would look for suitable educational equipment
and other materials for possible supply to Ghana under the Ghana-GDR Technical
Co-operation Agreement of 1979. Mr. Blege said the visit would enable the
delegation to study the GDR educational system and hold discussions with the
GDR authorities on continued bilateral technical assistance under which Ghana
has so far had $18.4 million worth of equipment and educational materials
since 1979. Other members of the delegation are Mr A. D. Addo-Yobo, acting
Director-General of the Ghana Education Service, Mr Anthony Aidoo, Director of
Education, Ashanti Region, Mr Sam Agerey, Director of Technical Education and
Miss Agnes Laryea, Director of the Supply Division of the Ministry of
Education. They will be away for 10 days. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC in English 6 Sep 85 p 5]

ITALY PROVIDES SOFT LOAN--The Italian Ambassador to Ghana, Mr Luigi Durante
has explained that the 21 million dollars his Government has approved for
Ghana was a "soft-loan” and not a grant. Fifteen millions dollars of the
amount, he said, would go to the Volta River Authority (VRA) for its rural
electrification project which Italy is co-financing with the World Bank. The
Ambassador drew attention to a Ghana News Agnecy report carried by the 'Times”
on Thursday and explained that the Italian Government was now finalizing
arrangements of the loan agreement to be signed. [Text] [Accra GHANATAN
TIMES in English 9 Sep 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/35

40



JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

WEST GERMAN ORGANIZATION FINANCES ELECTRICIANS’ COURSE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] A total of 40 auto electricians will be trained as first class operators
if they manage to keep up with the course that will be offered by the Mozam-
bique Diesel Electric enterprise in Maputo, starting in October. This course,
which has the backing of the State Secretariat of Highway Transportation, was
financed by a donation from the West German organization GTZ.

The flawed technical assistance for most vehicles is one of the factors that
have led to the immobilization of so many of them, throughout the entire
country. The electrical system of an automotive vehicle is a complex one,
which demands scientific and technical knowledge on the part of those operating
them.

In fact, what happens most of the time is that the electrical components are
dealt with superficially, based on limited, empirical information.

An auto electrician must be a fully qualified technician, and this is the view
of those promoting this course, which has an extensive work plan. To give an
idea of the serious nature of this course, suffice it to say that only indivi-
duals with minimal qualifications of a sixth grade education may enroll in it,
and the course lasts 4 years.

David Spence, general director of Mozambique Diesel Electric, remarked: "We
shall begin the enrollment with 10 students who, after they complete the first
stage, will be followed by 10 more, and so on, until we reach a total of 40
students on different levels."

The enterprise's technical director, Orlando Ermitao, noted: "We are still
waiting for the enrollment of five candidates for this initial group. Entre-
posto [warehouse company] has already enrolled two persons, and our own enter-
prise, two more, and Sobrauto is going to send us one student. Hence, we still
have vacancies, that we must fill during the next few days."

As those individuals reported, the course will start with theoretical classes

and the basic benchwork, following which it will continue with increasingly
complex instruction, at all times accompanied by theoretical classes.

81



Still in 1977, the process of elections for the People's Assemblies took
place. Six state government organizations were created in Chibabava, one
of them being on a district level and the rest scattered throughout the five
localities. Close to 180 citizens, true representatives of the. masses, with
whose aspirations they identify, were elected by unanimous vote, deputies of
the people exercising different tasks and responsibilities in the executive
bodies of the People's Assemblies.

For the first time in the history of the region, the people, through their
legitimate representatives, began to perform a preponderant role in the
resolution of their problems and they discussed and decided subjects of
daily life.

From the people's enthusiasm and emotion there emerged many initiatives. Here
and there, led by their respective political or state bodies, the people are
planning a new phase, introducing radical changes in their way of life. The
old way of individual work, the greed for profit, a dispersed and conservative
life, are being gradually replaced by the practice of collective production
in fields which it was agreed should be called "People's Farms" and by a life
organized in rural communities.

Thus were born 39 communal villages, which between 1976 and 1981 éontained
85 percent of the total inhabitants of the region. Among these concentra-
tions of people there existed at least one whose level of organization and
development obtained for it the title of "pilot". This was the communal
village Eduardo Mondlane, located in the locality of the same name in Tronga.

"In fact this village had reached a very high level of growth. At that time
it had an agricultural cooperative exploiting an area of 215 hectares, de-
voted mainly to the growing of corn, sunflowers, sesame and palms. From

the profits obtained from production, the cooperative installed a mill and a
tailor shop, a consumer cooperative. ‘There was a playing field and a primary
school. Lifewas normal amd the people already enjoyed the fruits of inde-
pendence," recalls the administrator of Chibabava.

On the outskirts of that village, there was established a center for refugees
from Zimbabwe, the result of the political upheaval and struggle for national
liberation unleashed in the interior of Zimbabwe against the regime of Ian
Smith. _

Because of the events described above, Chibabava, land of a young and

heroic people, which multiplies by 1,000 the examples of bravery and
patriotism, was one of the preferred targets in the escalation of aggressions
orchestrated by imperialism through the former Rhodesia of Smith, There,

the blood of Mozambicans, spilled generously in fertile ground, mixed with
that of the Zimbabweans suffering together the effects of aerial bombings
sent by the man they called a tobacco farmer.

58



Entering in rotation, in groups of 10, at the end of 3 years a total of 40
students will have simultaneously attended the courses, specializing in the
Boch electrical system which currently equips nearly 60 percent of the coun-
try's vehicles.

According to David Spence and Orlando Ermitao,the State Secretariat of Highway
Transportation has followed this initiative with care and concern, and has

lent it all the necessary backing. The only thing needed now is for the
enterprises to devote more attention to it, enrolling their candidates.

2909
CSO: 3442/417

82



JPRS*SSA+85=099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STATE OF EMERGENCY QUESTIONED FOR ABILITY TO AID REFORM
Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep 85 pp 36-37
{Article by Duncan Innes]

{Text] As SA lurches through its second official state of emergency in 25
years we may be forgiven a certain feeling of deja vu. After all, since our
government~~bless their hearts--brought us all happily through the last one,
no doubt they will do it again this time.

However, 1985 is not 1960 and nor can this emergency be simply, or simplist-
ically, equated with the last one.

For one thing, the international community's hostility towards this country's
race policy has hardened considerably over the intervening years, as has re-
sistance from black organisations like SWAPO and the ANC.

Furthermore, this state of emergency comes smack in the middle of the govern-
ment's implementation of its much-heralded reform programme.

This latter point strikes me as particularly ironic.

It was not so long ago that Minister Koornhof informed the world that
‘apartheid is dead' and even P. W. Botha told us all we had better ‘adapt or
die', And, in truth, since then there has been a good deal of death and dy~
ing in SA--over 300 4n our townships this year alone. And yet apartheid re-
mains alive.

Now the question on many people's lips is not whether apartheid is dead but
whether it is not reform which is in fact dead? How, one might legitimately
ask, can one still talk about reform in SA when what few civil rights we had
have been arbitrarily suspended and about 1 500 people detained?

The reform initiative has of course always been controversial. There were
those who saw it as simply a meaningless charade! esigned to fool the world
into believing things were changing in SA; others who saw it as real change
but argued that it did not go far enough; others who saw it as going as far
forward as was possible at the moment; and yet others who saw it as a lurch
into liberal lunacy. By all accounts one of Mr P. W. Botha's major problems

117



offered a new local authority system--but real power remains in white hands.
And talk about a new federal regional system, incorporating the Bantustans and
neighbouring states within a "greater SA", would simply mean a new form of
white domination in the region.

Herein lies the basic contradiction of government policy; How do you create a
political system which offers the black groups participation but which denies
them real political power in an environment in which most blacks are demanding
the latter and not the former?

The answer is by seeking to encourage those elements among the black groups
who will accept the former to step forward and guaranteeing their personal
safety if they do so. And what do you do when their safety is placed in
jeopardy by those who oppose participation? Why, you impose a state of
emergency whose aim is to break the power of the anti-participationists. The
emergency thus becomes a crucial part of the reform strategy because, to put
it crudely, unless it succeeds, the "collaborators" can't collaborate.

Thus, as Botha says, as soon as the "radicals" have been dealt with, it will
be reform as usual. The Hendrickse's, Rajbansi's, Thebehali's and Matanziw 's
will once again feel secure and be able to go about their business unhindered
by grenade attacks and fire bombs.

But while this may be so, it is even more certain that, having been kept in
office by courtesy of the joint forces of the SAP and SADF, the political
credibility of these people among the masses will have suffered enormously.
To embrace a political system on the grounds of ‘let's give it a chance’

is one thing; to be retained in office by teargas and Casspirs is quite
another. Botha's emergency may well win space for his coloured, Indian and
African allies to operate in, but in the process their distance from the
masses will have increased enormously.

One of the major problems with apartheid has always been the enormous gulf it
creates between the rulers and the majority of the ruled. Recent events sug-
gest that this gulf remains as wide as ever.

cso: 3400/1119

120 a


OBENG CALLS FOR PRODUCTIVITY INCENTIVES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 3 Sep 85 pp 1, 5

[Article by Faustina Ashrifie]

[Text ]

CSO:

MR P. V. Obeng, PNDC
member and Chairman
of the Committee of Se-
cretaries, has. stressed.
the need for the govern-
ment to provide appro-
priate incentives which
. will promote increased
productivity in the
country.

It is only when this has
been achieved that the go-
vernment would be able to
generate ‘and collect
enough revenue needed to
restore and improve the
standard of living of the
people, he emphasised.

ir Obeng was opening a
two-week course organised
by the Office of Revenue
Commissioners (ORS) for
selected personnel from
the Central Revenue De-

artment, Customs and

xcise Department (CED)
.and Office of the Revenue
Commission from all over
the country at the Univer-
sity of Ghana, Legon, ye-
sterday.

The PNDC member re-
peated that in order to rai-
se the living standards of
the people, the govern-
ment has to rehabilitate,
improve and expand the
existing social services, in-
frastructure and also
supply essential goods,

“All these require both
foreign and local funding

3400/38

and it is the responsibility
of a responsible govern-
ment to ensure that its re-
sources are mobilised for
the wider common goak”

he explained:

“We cannot say that we
are faithful to develop a
sound economy and at the
same time vacillate when it
comes to taking measures
to raise funds to make that
ipossible,” he pointed out.

He described the meas-
ures the government has
taken to set up an office for
revenue collection which
would enforce and promo-
te tax payments and gua-
rantee the derivation of
tax component of estimat-
ed state revenue as very
appropriate and timely.

As an organ of the revo-
lution, the Chairman of
the Committee of Secreta-
ries said the ORC has the
political mandate of the
People to monitor revenue
collection and payment
responsibilities of state in-
stitutions and the citizenry
and to apply measures
which would reduce léaka-
ge to the barest minimum
if not eliminated comple-

ir Obeng therefore urg-
ed revenue collectors to
apply whatever they
would learn effectively in
order to meet the projec-

27

JPRS*SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

tions in the revenue aspect
of the national budget sin-
ce the government's ability
to provide adequate servi-
ces depend on revenue
from taxation.

Mr Ato Ahwoi, Secre-
tary of the National Reve-
nue Secretariat who chair-
ed the function, described

the theme: “Action for In- |

creased Revenue” as most
appropriate and the timing
opportune, explaining that
the nation is currently fac-
ing crisis in view of poor
revenue collections.

He explained, for in-
stance, that last year, of
the ¢48 billion budgeted
for government expendit-
ure, only 40 billion was
collected, leaving a deficit
of eight billion, and attri-
buted this to the refusal of
many categories of proced-
ures, including govern-
ment organisations to
meet their tax obligations.

Mr Kwamena Ahwoi,
Co-ordinator for Vetting,
Investigations and Tribu-
nals, who is also the acting
Chairman of the ORC, an-
nounced that as a result of
the combined efforts of
:both the traditional and
the newly-instituted reve-
mue collectors, certain
sawareness is being created:
‘leading to an appreciable
‘increase in revenue collec-
ition.



JPRS*SSA*854099
16 October 1985

ANGOLA

VIETNAMESE PROFESSORS COMPLETE PEDAGOGICAL MISSION
Luanda, JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Aug 85 p 3

[fext/ Raul Neto, vice-president of Agostinho Neto University, recently
received the Vietnamese faculty which is working in the various university
departments in this capital city, They discussed problems concerning higher
education in the People's Republic of Angola.

According to the cooperative agreement between the RPA [People's Republic of
Angola] and the RSV [Socialist Republic of Vietnam/ in the area of education,
the Vietnamese professors exerted all their efforts in the area of training
and professional improvement of future Angolan scientific and technical
personnel.

In this regard, the pedagogical mission whose assignment is to train national
skilled personnel in different specialties did excellent work. He also taught
students about the workings of the different technical equipment existing in
some laboratories, namely in the School of Science in the department of chemis-
try.

Their scientific and pedagogical competence, their enthusiastic attitude toward
work, as well as their attention to the students' work are evidence of the good
qualities of Vietnam's university faculty.

Furthermore, with their mission in the RPA finished and the time for their
return to Vietnam approaching, the students took advantage of the occasion to
present their warm congratulations to the people and government of Vietnam and
to reaffirm once again the strong desire to strengthen progressively the bonds
of friendship, brotherhood and solidarity between the two countries in the
field of higher education.

9895
cso: 3442/398



JPRS+SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

RAIL LINK TO NORTH TRANSVAAL--Mbabane.--Swaziland's new northern rail link
to the Northern Transvaal and beyond is nearing completion, according to the
chief executive of Swaziland Railways, Mr Harry Slabbert. Speaking in
Mbabane, Mr Slabbert said the Owaziland section of the line, costing an esti-
mated R63 million, would link Swaziland's existing railway system with a
South African line being constructed from Komatipoort to Mananga in Swaziland.
He sadd the Swaziland section would be completed by Sept 25, the South
African section by October 31, and the whole line would be operational in
January 1986. Initially, the new route, between the Northern Transvaal and
Richards Bay and Durban ports, will be used to carry rock phosphate from
Phalaborwa and timber from the Eastern Transvaal. Mr Slabbert said an impor-
tant additional benefit to users would be the availability of an alternative
rail link from both the South African Railways and the Swaziland Railways to
Maputo. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 85 p 15]

cso: 3400/1208

135


JPRS*SSA*85=099
16 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

AIRPORT NAVIGATION ATD TO BE INSTALLED
Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] The installation of modern navigational aids and telecommunications
equipment at eight airports throughout the country is about to start, a
spokesman forithe Ministry of Transport has said.

The modernisation project began with site inspections in January; in-
stallation will start in mid-September.

"All eight major airports and two sites will. be modernised--these
are at Harare, Bulawayo, Victoria Falls, Kariba, Hwange, Masvingo, Charles
Prince, Buffalo Range, Mutaro and Gokwe," he said.

The Harare airport navigational aids were operating satisfactorily at
present.

“However, there are some intermittent unservicabilities of the aids due
to the age of the equipment and the lack of foreign currency to buy needed
spares for some of thé aids and telecommunication equipment."

Twenty-nine air traffic controllers, all of them black, had been trained
since 1982, the spokesman said.

"There are 24 air traffic controllers under different levels of training.

It must be borne in mind that there are several levels of air traffic
control qualifications dependent on the experience and ratings achieved."

At the end of last month Air Zimbabwe had one black Viscount captain and
six black first officers.

In 1982 Zimbabwe sent nine black pilots for training abroad, Six were
with Olympic Airways in Greece and three went to the French airline, UTA.

"Of the nine pilots seven are employed at Air Zimbabwe, as first officers.
Three are flight technical assistants, one is an operations officer, two
are trainee pilots while two have since left Air Zimbabwe."

Air Zimbabwe had seven black Zimbabwean flight engineers,

cso: 3400/9 END

143



transit corridors remained open. He also thanked, on behalf of the nation,
the entire international community for all the development assistance of which
Lesotho has been beneficiary since independence.

In those words, Dr Jonathan gave a clear signal that making friends would con-
tinue to be the mark of Lesotho's foreign policy, and the business of his
majesty's new government.

On domestic policy, the prime minister was generous. If the opposition
parties want another bout of elections, then he was ready. The question, of
course, still remains whether such elections will result in any other outcome
that what happened this month. Those who clearly have obvious raison d'etre
for fearing the results of election contests are best advised to steer clear
of the election process. The prime minister was kind enough not to say that
the opposition leaders had avoided the political (?contretemps) of disgraceful
defeat by simply accepting that the BNP [Basotho National Party] clearly com-
manded support in all the 60 constituencies in the country.

Dr Jonathan did, however, make another gesture to all politicians in Lesotho.
He said that, in a spirit of generosity, the new government offices would be
available to any future prime minister of whatever party, to enable him to
work in circumstances and surroundings of the dignity that should go with the
office of prime minister. Naturally, he would not say who he thought would
in the future be the next prime minister, because the appointment is the
sovereign right of the nation. These are just brief glimpses of what

Rt Hon Dr Leabua Jonathan said and did not say last Friday.

CSO: 3400/19

42



As for relations with Washington and the revocation of the Clark amendment by
the Congress of the United States, the ambassador stated to ANOP that "the
United States should explain why it is interfering in Angola's internal affairs.

Concerning international attention, which is currently concentrated on the
republic of South Africa, Angola's representative stated that "no one in the
world today will tolerate any type of distinction based on skin color 3" for
which reason the system of apartheid (separate development of different ethnic
groups) is certainly condemned.

9895
CSO: 342/398



cso:

3400/1216

Ghana Water and Pumps and chemicals
Sewerage Corporation
Ghana Broadcasting Transmitters, various

Corporation equipment and spares,
films etc

Ghana Electricity Transformers, electric

Corporation meters

Minstry of Health Drugs, hospital
equipment

Post & Telecommuni- Postage stamps, cables,
cation Corporation telex machines etc.

The Public Relations Officer reiter-
ated the invaluable role that the GSC is
playing in the economic recovery pro-
gramme. He said: ‘‘purchasing
constitutes an immensely important
aspect of every nation’s economic
activity. The cost of general supplies
and services amounts to about 55% of
the National Budget. Therefore, to be
able to control the Budget effectively,
organisations who are responsible for
central procurement of stores and
supplies need to be guided in the
persuance of national policy on
procurement procedures to guarantee
maximum protection of public funds.”
The Table below gives a quick
indication of some of the services that
the GSC has rendered to the public
institutions.

On the occasion of its Silver Jubilee
celebration, it is hoped that the com-
mission will endeavour to improve its
staff with people of probity and
honesty, people who have technical,
managerial and commercial expertise
and experience since modern methods
of purchasing involve fast-changing
computer technologies.

It must of necessity convince the
government to set up a haulage and
trucking section to deal with trans-
portation of cargo from the ports to
the institutions that need them. Not
only should the GSC act as “‘middle-
man” officially sanctioned to buy for
government, it must seek, through
search for goods and better pricing
arrangements, to reduce the nation’s
expenditure on procurement.

36


In the District Setvice Councils he also sees the opportunity of preserving
separate local governments.

Mr Ferreira said that he does not accept the Conservative Party's official
viewpoint that the government wants to employ the district service councils
to integrate local administrations.

7964
cso: 3401/315

116


JPRS#SSA854099
16 October 1985

GDM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CALLS FOR RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY

London TALKING DRUMS in English 2 Sep 85 pp 11-12

{Article by Ben Mensah]

[Text]

Last week Ghana’s former Vice Presi-
dent, Dr Joe de Graft Johnson, had
cause to re-echo the most common
question posed in politics: what is to be
done? This was made in relation to the
current struggle to restore democracy
and human dignity to Ghana and the
occasion was the International Dele-
gates Conference of the Ghana Demo-
Sratie Movement? in London on August

“The fight is ours. We cannot sit
back and hope that some group of
dedicated patriotic soldiers will over-
throw the regime and restore democ-
racy. If there is such a group naturally
we wish them well,’”’ roared back the
Vice President in reply to his own
question and in the presence of packed
and enthusiastic participants of
the conference from the USA,
Zimbabwe, West Germany, Switzer-
land, Belgium and Great Britain.

The overwhelming attendence at the
conference was a great achievement by
the leadership of the Ghana Demo-
cratic Movement, organisers of the
conference and a big boost to the cam-
paign to replace Flt-Lt Rawlings dictat-
orial and bloody regime with a demo-
cratic administration in Ghana.

Problems that had rocked the
struggle were highlighted by Dr De
Graft Johnson in his keynote address
when he noted that an organisation of
a mass movement to restore democracy
to a country like Ghana and to over-
throw an illegal, vicious and murder-
ous dictatorship like the present regime

15

is not an easy affair. ‘‘We should
anticipate that Rawlings will hit back
and he will hit back hard. We must pre-
pare for him. His first obvious attack
will be at our weakness.”’

“Any group like us advocating for
restoration of democracy will encom-
pass people of diverse political opin-
ions. It is in order to preserve the free-
dom to maintain our various political
opinions and to be able to express them
freely that we fight for democracy. In
Unity is strength.”

Noting that Rawlings and his associ-
ates are evil men who have perpetrated
monstrous atrocities, Dr De Graft
Johnson emphasised that this evil can
never be uprooted by half-hearted
expression of discontent.

A review of the three year activities
of the Ghana Democratic Movement
was given by its chairman, Mr J. H.
Mensah who also presented an analysis
of the movement’s alternative pro-
gramme to Rawlings rule.

This programme is based on the

abolition of the ideology and
institutions of class war, which in the
view of Mr Mensah is not consistent
with democracy. Other areas covered
by Mr Mensah were local government,
administration of justice, state
security, economic system and foreign
policy.

But the more interesting and in my
view useful part of the conference was
during the afternoon session when
there were presentations of papers by

GHANA


ce. The third convention protects prisoners of war from ill treatment during
their captivity and after their repatriation;

d. The fourth provides for the safety of civilians and their property in
wartime.

Supplementary protocols complement and expand these conventions.
It should be noted here that Benin is the first country in the subregion to

initiate instruction on provisions of the Geneva Conventions within its armed
forces.

8041
cso: 3419/575

10


Briefs

SENEGAL

Briefs

SOUTH AFRICA

Gas Survey to Continue
Cairo To Cape Road Complete

New Journals Created

Transformation of Youth Through Violence Deplored

(Aggrey Klaaste; FRONTLINE, Sep 85)....eeeeeeeceeceeeeeeers

Mandela's Rejection of National Convention Seen as Catastrophic

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 23 Aug 85)....ceeceeeeerersereeeees

U.S. Aid to Mozambique, Cut Off of Credit to South Africa Reported

(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85)....seseeeeeeeecceceeeesseseeeees

Conservative Article Points Out Dangers of NP Liberal Trend

(Gawie; DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85)..s.seeeeeececceceeeeeeees

Conservative Ranks Split on District Service Councils Question

(DIE BURGER, 23 Aug 85) .ceeeecccsccceccccrcectsceerececeees

State of Emergency Questioned for Ability To Aid Reform

(Duncan Innes; FRONTLINE, Sep 85)...-sceeeeesecceccsesereres

Dutch Reformed Church Blames Progressive Trend for Unrest

Indian

(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85) .ceeeecececeececccccceneeeseesces

Community in Lenasia Split Over Reaction to Troubles
(Ameen Akhalwaya; FRONTLINE, Sep 85)....sseeeeeceeseceeeere

Middle-Class Blacks in 'Buffer' Situation Described

(FRONTLINE, Sep 85) ..ccececcccccevcccccccccsenensscccccsere

Botha's Threat to Expel Migrant Mine Workers Criticized

SWAZILAND

(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85) .seseceeccecccccceccccessscereces

Tanzanian Claims ANC Kidnapped Him

(THE CITIZEN, 19 Sep 85)..cscecceecccreccccccscceeesereceaes

‘Web of Intrigue' Reported Behind Jailed Prominent Figures

Briefs

(Gerald L'ange; THE STAR, 9 Sep 85)...ssseeceeseseeeceereere

Rail Link to North Transvaal

-e-

103
103

104

105

109

111

112

115

117

121

123

128

130

132

133

135


JPRS+SSA4854099
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MIDDLE-CLASS BLACKS IN 'BUFFER' SITUATION DESCRIBED
Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep 85 p 21

[Text] Life in these troubled times is not very pleasant for the "buffer"
class--the so-called black middle class, although it can rightly be claimed
that there is no such creature in the Sowetos of this world. This is because
no matter what you do during the day, regardless of what you contribute to
the taxman, regardless of the position you hold, the office you occupy, your
ability to own the finest mansion in white suburbia, you must return to the
ghetto at night.

Suddenly during the past few weeks this is no longer a routine operation of
patiently taking your place in the heavy traffic and dreaming your way home.
From the time you pass the military camp and you see a convoy of most formid-
able armoury working its way back to base, you wonder what's been going on
during the day.

Soon enough the usual smog has a new flavour which begins to irritate your
nostrils and your eyes begin to react. You sense tension in the air as you
pass vast crowds walking home because buses are not travelling into deep
Soweto. Broken glass from shattered windscreens on the road tells you all is
not well in front, until you see fellow motorists taking Michael Knight-style
U-turns amid flying rocks. If you are not observant enough or slow down to
react you may end up an ex~car owner, as you watch your car being set alight
because you had a tell-tale advert sticker or your company logo, or a box of
samples and order books somewhere in the car.

The problem is that thanks to the rhetoric of the "comrades" you have been
made to feel guilty of you 10wn ambitions, successes and achievements. You
are seen as "allies of the syst who are so comfortable and with so much
property to defend that you can never be an enthusiastic and committed parti-
cipant in the liberation struggle.

In the work environment, you have come to accept it as your right to claim
your place is in the upper echelons of corporate power. You see it as proper
and fitting that you should not be walking past the doors marked "Personnel
Officer" "I. R. Advisor" "Black Market Consultant" to those marked "Manpower
Director", "Financial Controller", "Marketing Director" etc. It is obvious
now that you should be making useful inputs into boardroom discussions as

128



I have other boys related to me, in their teens. They may not be revolu-
tionaries in the classical sense, but these kids are dangerous] Most parents
my age are going grey prematurely because we cannot, we do not know how to
handle this phenomenon. This angelic band of youngsters who have been turned
into monsters smack in front of our eyes.

We are reaping the seeds sown on June 16, 1976, onwards. We have actually watered
those seeds, watched over them with apprehensive care, with pain and often with
bursts of extraordinary love.

We have this double sense of our children. The first time I saw schoolgirls
in their tunics marching on police armoured vehicles, I could have wept. I
could have wept to see this clean courage, this desperate venture to articu-
late that which was dangerously imcomprehensible, from these children.

A Pat and a Hug

We are reaping the whirlwind. In 1976 we turned boys and girls into revolu-
tionary heroies and heroines. We gave them power with a pat on the back and a
fearful hug of courage that was not in us. They have got that power, grown
cancerous because of what we did and are still doing to these children.

Bantu Education among other things has stifled the adventurous spirit in

black children and their inability to articulare this deficiency leads them

to violence. As parents we can understand how young people, who are after all
rebellious and have questioning minds that under normal circumstances are given
creative channels to release, turn violent.

A few days ago I saw a group of boys and girls in attractive school uniforms
squatting silently in a mainroad near {word inddstinct] Soweto. Almost as if
this was part of the scene, there were one or two [word indistinct] parked
near the children, white policemen atop them nonchalantly smoking and cracking
jokes with each other. The children looked decent, innocent, well behaved.
There was an almost solemn air about this with no horsing around as is normal
with kids. They sat there quietly, silently looking straight ahead as we drove
past.

I called one particularly attractive kid and asked him what was up. Without as
mich as batting an eye he said they were out to kill someone. Said like that
it did not sound too terific. The contrast {word indistinct] was devastating.
You mean, all the children sitting quietly there, watched those police are out
to scalp somebody.

Later the story was even more extraordinary. They got their man and the hap-
less creature was first hacked to death with an assortment of garden tools, and
then set on fire. I was thunder-struck. It could not have been the same group.
It was. Almost like a horror movie. Those clean decent hands had blood on
then.

This is the time that I lose my bearings. Why? Why would they do these things?

Well they are becoming almost [word indistinct] and not even an act of God seems
able to stop this thing.

106



In areas under the influence of the MNR, importance is frequently attributed
to the chiefs and witchdoctors, whose role as leaders was eliminated by
the FRELIMO after the independence of the country.

Nhandire and Matacuane fled further into the interior, where fighting still
continues. In Chichococha there is another kind of fighting: That for
the physical and psychological recovery of the people, which is a difficult
and touchy fight.

Through that new effort, the security system in the province of Gaza and
Inhambana, has been strengthened. The situation there has also not caused
any great concerns in recent months.

Access to Gaza, however, continues to cause problems due to the instability
on the highway from the capital. Matavele, the old Gaza commander, advo-
cates the same solution for Maputo: “sanitation of the population" regardless
of other factors to be considered, such as the alleged violations of the
border between Mozambique and South Africa, across which men and materials
pass despite Nkomati.

Military Cooperation with Great Britain and (perhaps) Portugal

Other sectors advocate the creation of rapid strike forces with suitable
training, facility of communications and means for mobility that will finally
turn the war in favor of FRELIMO. In that respect, military cooperation
with Great Britain and possibly with Portugal is faced with a certain
expectation, given the results obtained in Zimbabwe and in special units

of the MPLA Army. There is also the possibility of resorting to Mozambican
personnel who were in the Portuguese Army, an alternative which has remained
open since 1982, when before President Samora Machel they made themselves
available "to use the knowledge and experience acquired against armed
banditry."

However, and parallel with the erosion of the social tissue of Mozambique,
there are those for whom the war has been the means for accumulating wealth
in and out of the system.

The increase in the war effort also means "cleaning house," as is argued by

those who look for the causes and effects of the conflict beyond uniforms
and weapons.

8908
cso: 3442/395

65



Army, Civilians March Against Apartheid

Accra PEOPLE's DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 5

{Article by Lloyd Evans and Kodjo Atsu/

JPRS+SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

[Text] THE Ghana Armed Forces, civilian staff of the Ministry of
Defence (MOD) and wives and children of soldiers yesterday
went on a route march against the obnoxious apartheid regime
of South Africa and the atrocities being committed against
Blacks in Namibia and South Africa.

The four-hour route march which later turned into a mass demonstration when it
was joined by the general public, was also in solidarity with the struggling Blacks to
assure them of Ghana’s support and to give them the hope that victory will surely come

and soon.

Led by the Force Commander, Major General Arnold Quainoo and supported by
service commanders, the march started from the El-Wak Stadinim at 9 a.m. through 37
Military Hospital, Redemption Circle, through the Ring Road to the Kwame Nkrumah
Circle, after five dummies with inscriptions: discrimination, murder, oppression, racism

and apartheid had been shot at the Teshie Military Range.

Speaking to newsmen
before the mock execution,
Major General Arnold
Quainoo said it was to ex-
press the concern of the
Ghana Armed Forces and
the country at large at the
worsening situation in
southern Africa.

“This is a symbolic gest-
ure to show we are sensiti-
ve to the oppression of our
Black brothers in South
Africa,” he said.

The mock execution
caused a big traffic jam
which stretched from the
Labadi T-Junction to Tes-
hie as people from passing
vehicles stopped to witness
it, thinking it was a real
execution.

‘The soldiers, their wives
and children and the civi-
lian staff of the MOD who
had assembled at the El-
Wak Stadium as early as
6.00 a.m. took off at 9.00
a.m. prompt after the For-
ce Commander had ex-
plained the significance of
the route march to them.

‘Amid singing of military,
revolutionary and asafo
songs, the soldiers took off
with curses on “Pig Botha”
and called on him to sur-
render or face the full
brunt and annoyance of

the Black race.
The route march which
had a military ambulance,

cso: 3400/36

water tankers and two ar-
moured vehicles, two in-
formation vans which were
running commentaries on
the essence of the route
march and other support-
ing vehicles almost
brought traffic in certain
parts of the city to a halt.

The soldiers and civi-
lianscarriedplacardswhich
bore inscriptions like “‘Ari-
se African Soldiers” ,“Na-
mibia must be free” “Down
with racial discrimination”
and “Botha, leave Africa
alone”.

Others read “Leave Nel-
son Mandella Aloue”’,
“Away with Apartheid, the
Biacks should not be con-
fined to Soweto”, “Botha,
leave Africa for Africans”,
“Free Rev. Boesak’’,
“Apartheid is inhuman”,
“Free my people in Aza-
nia”, “Botha, you are a
dead dog and you know it”
and “Pig Botha will fall”.

Others also read: “Bot-
ha, your days are number-
ed”, “The Struggle conti-
nues”, “Freedom is our
goa” and ‘Zionism =
equals Apartheid”.

At the Kwame Nkru-
mah Circle where the
group converged for the
most significant aspect of
the exercise, an effigy re-

presenting apartheid. per-
sonified in Botha was

20

hanged and later put :n a
coffin which was labeled
“Oppregsion”, “Segrega-
tion” arid “Apartheid”.

‘The. hanging and killing
ceremony. which signifies
the final onslaught by
Blacks-on the apartheid
regime, Botha and all who
represented. it, was done
after libation was poured
in. Akan, Ewe and Ga to
curse the regime. A minu-
te’s silence was also ob-
served for the Blacks who
have lost their lives in the
struggle.

Brief speeches were also
made by the Force Com-
mander, and all Service:
Commanders,

From the Kwame Nkru-
mah Circle, the contingent
continued with the route
march through the Ring
Road to the Redemption
Circle where they were

~ joined by the Ghana Arm-

ed Forces Central Band at
the Flagstaff House.

They then took to the
Switchback Road to the
El-Wak Stadium, where
thes. were met + and
addressed by a member of
the PNDC, Alhaji Maha-
ma Iddrisu and the Force
Commander.

Also at the stadium to
give the required musical
touch to the route march
was the Classic Revival
Band of the Ghana Army.



JPRS“SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

UGANDA

BRIEFS

CDC ASSISTS ENERGY PROJECTS--The Commonwealth Development Corporation and
the Uganda Electricity Board have signed a loan agreement for 69.6 million
sterling under which CDC will support the programme to upgrade and rehabil-
itate the electricity generating capacity at the Owen Falls Power Station
at Jinja, 50 miles east of Kampala, and the capacity of the transmission
and distribution system. The total energy programme is expected to cost
the equivalent of $70 million and cbC's contribution is paralleled by
substantial funds from the United Kingdom's Overseas Development Adminis-
tration. This commitment by CDC brings its involvement in Uganda to

b17.7 million sterling and follows recent commitments to the rehabilitation
programmes of the Development Finance Co of Uganda, the Sugar Corporation
of Uganda, and Mityana and Toro Tea Co. [Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON
TRADE AND INDUSTRY in English Aug 85 p 45]

TEA YIELD INCREASED--Uganda's biggest tea producing and exporting company,
Mityana and Toro Tea Co Ltd., jointly owned by the Government and Mitchell
Cotts Engineering International, between January and the end of June it
produced 1,030,688 kg compared to 576,584 kg previous year--almost a 100
percent increase. [Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY in
English Aug 85 p 44]

cso: 3400/5

139



JPRS488A«854099
16 October 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

INSTALLATION OF PROVINCIAL OFFICIALS--In this city, the provincial commissioner
of Namibe, Fernando Faustino Muteka, recently installed Egidio Jose Martins
Torres, Jose Figueiredo, Alfredo Adriano Lopes Nunes and Silva Lopes Etiambulo
in the positions of provincial delegates of the ministries of education » finance,
internal trade and secretary of state for veterans' affairs. Likewise installed
were Julio Aberto Henrique as provincial director of the Cabinet of the Commis-
sariat's Plan; Jose Simoes Chinana as head of the service sector of the People's
Vigilance Brigades, and Carlos Eugenio Jorge e Ana Maria as head of the cabinet
and secretariat of the provincial commissioner. On that occasion » the commis-
sioner of Namibe installed Joao Domingos, Martinho Tchingula, Joao Batista,

and Jose Ngonga in the positions of municipal and community commissioners of
Virei, Loia, Kapangombe and Tchingo. Otherwise, Rui €ebolo, Antonio Saraiva
and Pedro Andre were also named to the positions of provincial director of adult
training in the education delegation, head of the accounting and finance_sec-
tor and head of the student social support sector respectively. [Rext7 [inuanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Aug 85 p37 9859

CSO: 3442/3098



JPRS*SSA*85=099
16 October 1985

Somalia and Ethiopia increased by 26 percent last year from Sh. 578 million
in 1983. Speaking on trade liberation, he said the Government was preparing
an expanded list of commodities to be imported by individuals and invited
ideas from MPs on the new list being compiled by his Ministry in consultation
with the Ministry of Finance. He said it was in the national interest to
sustain the liberalisation policy until the foreign exchange position stabil-
ises. The Minister explained that goods imported by individuals had helped
bridge the supply gap resulting from crippled local production. The income
of the industrial sector declined by Sh. 180 million last year from Sh. 1,351
million in 1983 by 1976 prices. However, acknowledged observations that
commodities imported privately were prohibitively expensive, that they were
confined to urban centres, and that the free market system encouraged flouting
of controlled prices of local products by unscrupulous traders. [Text]
[Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY in English Aug 85 p 48]

PRODUCER PRICES RAISED--The Government has raised the producer prices for
eight main cash crops by between 10 and 25 percent effective this season.
The move is aimed at motivating farmers to increase production so that the
country earns more foreign exchange. The new rate for Arabica coffee will
be Sh. 28.10 a kilo, up from Sh. 23.50 in the 1984/85 season, an increase
of 20 percent. Robusta coffee be Sh. 16.10 instead of Sh. 12.50 a kilo

(25 percent). Cashewnuts, formerly Sh. 9.80 a kilo, will now be Sh. 11.75,
an increase of 10 percent; tea Sh. 4.90 a kilo against Sh. 4.10 (10 percent
increase); and pyrethrum Sh. 21.10 instead of Sh. 17.60 kilo Grade V

(20 percent up). According to a Government statement, the producer price
for cardamon Grade III will jump from Sh. 80/- to Sh. 96/- this season

(20 percent increase). Cocoa will rise from Sh. 23.50 a kilo to Sh. 28/-
an increase of 20 percent, and sugar-cane goes up from Sh. 323.70 to Sh.
356.10 a tonne, an increase of 10 percent. [Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON
TRADE AND INDUSTRY in English Aug 85 p 48]

REGIONS NEEDING KENYAN OIL--Tanzania will import Sh. 21 million worth of oil
from Kenya for its Mara and Kagera regions, which border Lake Victoria and
which have had a chronic fuel shortage that has affected industry and
essential services. Textile manufacturing plants have been particularly
hard hit, and some of them have had to close down for several months on end.
Disclosing this, Tanzania's Minister of State for Energy and Minerals, Mr
Pius Ng'wandu, told Parliament the fuel will be transported through Kisumu
and the lake to the regions. He told the House a letter of credit had been
opened with the National Bank of Commerce of Tanzania to facilitate the
import of the fuel, which will amount to 20 million litres. Earlier this
year, another Sh. 16.6 million worth of fuel was imported to the two
regions, also via Kisumu. [Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY
in English Aug 85 p 48]

137



But above all, the intensification of the education of the workers to see the
relationship between their individual acts and the economy of Ghana has
resulted in a deeper understanding of their responsibility to the people of
Ghana.

AGC employs about 11,000 people, out of which about 400 belong to the Senior
Staff grade. Eighty-seven of the 40 are expatriates brought in under the
Management agreement with Lonhro.

cso: 3400/38

25



Since it has been confirmed that there is no specific plan for repairs and
that there are serious situations of relationships between officials and

a generalized lack of discipline, which as a result generates "a notable
endangering of the repairs scheduled for the harvest," some measures were
taken such as that of naming a chief of the department capable of resolving
the irregularities mentioned.

The National Sugar Institute and the directorate~general of the Mozambique
Sugar Factory rescheduled the plans of repairs of the trailers for carrying
the cane, and it is expected that the technical work by TECSERVICE. aimed

at accelerating that action will. be completed, at the same time that the
National Sugar Industry guaranteed the acquisition and immediate delivery of
the materials lacking for concluding those operations.

At the same time, a technician from Maputo will come to Mafambisse to help
in the work.

The high level delegations which worked at the Mozambique Sugar Factory
concluded that many vices reside in the midst of some workers and officials
in the transportation sector. Among them must be pointed out those known in
popular jargon as "sidelines," whose existence is only possible by stealing
materials and surpluses of the enterprise.

To cap the climax, it is general knowledge among the workers that the wire
fence around the sector was cut in a zone through which miscellaneous parts
can be diverted. "No one has said anything on this lack of shame. This is
very symptomatic.and means that there are many hidden things here involving
many people, therefore, since many are benefitted, silence is very possible,"
commented a member of the delegation.

“We need 60 trailers and there are still 40 to be repaired," said the people
in charge of that sector, who admitted that despite the fact that the
trailers needed have already been acquired and are on the way to Mafambisse,
there remains the problem of tires, metal sheets and oxygen, components,
which according to a high official of the delegation, "will be resolved in
time so that they will not be lacking during the harvest."

Reanalysis of in-depth Problems

The National Sugar Institute and the directorate generals of the enterprises
of the branch should, within an undefined time period, reanalyze all the
in-depth programs of the branch, based on the work done recently at the
Mozambique Sugar Factory (AM), according to decisions of Mafambisse.

As of now, and for the operativeness of the National Sugar Institute during
the sugar harvest this year, aimed equally at providing a more effective help,
the leadership personnel of that body will be directly assigned to sugar
units without giving up their main responsibilities.

94



JPRS4S8A4854099
6 October 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

EXPORTERS 15 . PERCENT-~Tanzania's President Julius Nyerere announced in
July that his government is to formulate a policy allowing exporting firms
to keep 15 percent of their total export earnings. The policy will be
geared at making the foreign exchange earner-~including the farmer--benefit
from his labour. The President challenged businessmen and industrialists

to ensure that the country earned enough foreign exchange instead of
"concentrating only on spending it." President Nyerere, speaking to
businessmen and industrialists on the "importance of foreign exchange in
the country's economy," reminded his listeners that it was not necessary

to keep on complaining about the "stinginess of the Central Bank Governor
when you do not assist in earning foreign exchange." The Tanzanian Govern-—
ment's move is likely to give a welcome boost to the country's export
endeavours and to help it ameliorate its acute foreign currency shortage,
which in its::turn strains the import of essential inputs and the servicing
of foreign debt. On the same day, the government increased producer prices
for eight leading cash crops in a bid to rehabilitate them and promote their
growth. The crops affected include coffee, cashewnuts, tea, cardamon,
grapes, and sugar-cane. The price increases range between 10 and 25 percent.
[Text] [Nairobi E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY in English Aug 85 p 49]

REVENUES EXPECTED TO INCREASE--The Deputy Finance Minister, Mr S$. Kibona
has said that the Government estimates it will earn Sh. 735 million from
customs duty and Sh. 836,500,000 from sales tax during the 1984/85 financial
year. Up to June 30 this year it was expected that revenue would be Sh.
1,410,612,000 from Customs duty and sales tax. The increase in revenue is
due to the fact that the Government raised the rates of Customs duty and
sales tax on imported goods, particularly on fuel. [Text] [Nairobi

E.A. REPORT ON TRADE AND INDUSTRY in English Aug 85 p 49]

EXPORT EARNINGS UP--Tanzanian Minister for Trade and Industries, Mr Basil
Mramba, told Parliament during its budget session in July. that export earnings
increased by Sh. 1.5 billion last year from Sh. 4.1 billion in 1983, but

the import bill increased by 21.6 percent to Sh. 10.4 billion last year.
Imports from developing countries increased by Sh. 1.3 billion in 1983 to

Sh. 2 billion last year, while exports to those countries declined by Sh. 72
million during the period. The Minister said trade with Kenya, Uganda,
Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Seychelles, Mauritius,

136



Despite a campaign regarded as positive in Maravia, the transportation area
has not measured up to this success. According ‘to the AGRICOM agent, nearly
half of the products marketed at the stationary posts are still being held
there, running the risk of spoiling, particularly during the rainy period
that is approaching.

According to reports from Tete, because of the lack of transportation, vast
amounts of corn have been held in Maravia District. since last year. Although
there is an almost complete lack of vehicles to remove products throughout the
province, the fuel shortage is another aggravating factor, and the popular
solution of resorting to animal-hauled carts has not always managed to resolve
this crisis.

2909
CSO: 3442/419

87



JPRS+SSA“85=099
16 October 1985

BENIN

POSSESSION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD MADE COMPULSORY
Cotonou EHUZU in French 23 Aug 85 pp 1, 8
[Commentary: "A Challenge that Must Be Met"]

[Text] Effective 1 September 1985, all citizens of the People's Republic of
Benin who are 18 years of age or older must possess a national identity card.
This regulation represents a challenge the revolution can and must meet. The
security of our peaceful citizens and even of the People's Democratic
Revolution itself depends on successful implementation of this regulation.

Our people earnestly demand that social order be respected. Only robbers and
other criminal elements have any interest in seeing that this does not happen.
Hence the recrudescence of robberies and other crimes of every type--especially
the anarchistic-extreme Leftist events of Monday 6 May 1985--require that all
our people feel personally concerned with the problem of national security.
This must be the case if we want our citizens to be able to participate,

under conditions of social peace, in building our nation in a way that will
enhance each and every one's welfare.

The revolutionary reform of our territorial administration initiated in
February 1973, and which culminated in establishment of the present Local
Organizations of State Authority, gives us every good reason to believe that
the challenge of 1 September 1985 can and must be met.

In fact, the introduction of a new type of territorial administration, a type
produced by the revolutionary process of devolution, decentralization, and
democratization of the machinery of the state, has the ultimate functional
purpose of bringing the administration closer to the individual citizen while
putting an end to the bureaucratic harassments of the neocolonial administration,
harassments denounced by President Kerekou in his 30 November 1972 speech
outlining his program.

The victorious advent of the new territorial administration was marked by the
emergence of new organizational structures and new men. It requires solely
that each administration official or employee become more and more deeply
imbued each day with the new ideology. This ideology holds that people must
not be the victim or slave of society but its master, and must place the entire
social superstructure at its service.



According to engineer Refo, the great dispersion of the canefields throughout
the rural area makes it difficult to do the careful work. required, and the
transportation available for the leaders in the rural area is insignificant.

Many of those problems cannot be resolyed in the short term, taking into
consideration that attention is all turned generally to the. cutting of cane.

There is however, the planting of a projected area of 200 hectares of
nurseries, of which no fewer than 116 have already been planted up until a
few days ago.

Meanwhile, the partial cleaning of irrigation canals and all the drainage
canals was recommended, as well as the rehabilitation of the system of
protective dikes, which were damaged by floods.

Other Crops and the Family Sector

The Mozambique Sugar Factory is going to start an agricultural program for
resolving the problems of hunger in the midst of the enterprise first, and
in the region later.

Studies made in Mafambisse conclude that the characteristics of the soil and
its availabilities allow the planting of rice in an area of 1,600 hectares,
and beans in an area of 700.

It was also advocated that for taking maximum advantage of the water pumping
station in Mutua, large areas of land around it, splendid low zones, should
be given to the family sector, who would no longer have to face droughts,
thus increasing their rates of production.

This measure, which it is expected will have a great impact, is also going
to resolve the "old" problem of manpower, which in time of hunger leaves the
region, moving to areas which are minimally productive, or creating small
farms around the factory, which does not resolve the basic problem, which is
that of producing not only for self-consumption but on a large scale.

It is recalled that when Marcelino dos Santos made his first visit to
Mafambisse, that official said that state enterprises had already been given
the task of contributing to supplying the region in which they are located
and to producing for the food self-sufficiency of its workers.

This is the prospect that is going to guide the other crops, the family
and the cooperative sector in the Mozambique Sugar Factory.

Agricultural Machinery and Transportation: the Backbone

Everything may be ready for beginning the harvest but transportation is its
backbone!

93



JPRS*SSA4854099
16 October 1985

ceremony making it official was. witnessed by over 500 people residing in the
section. Appointed for the new structure were Jose Machava and Abrao Carlos
Manganhela, named to the positions of secretary and assistant secretary,
respectively. On this occasion, the residents of that population area
contributed 3,000 meticals for the section's Vigilance Group fund. [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Sep 85 p 2] 2909

in Maputo. These news professionals, who will remain in our country for over

3 days, are paying a visit aimed at collecting information on the problems
stemming from natural disasters. During their stay in Mozambique, the journal-
ists will visit Inhambane Province and meet with the Mozambican authorities

to discuss matters relating to the problems involved in the situation caused
by natural disasters, One of the meetings will be held with the director of
the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters, Amos Mahanjane. The
group includes one Japanese journalist » two from the United States, one from
Finland, one from Denmark and one from Great. Britain, as well as an official
from the United Nations Organization Department of Information. The essential
aim of the visit is to make the public in the countries of each of the journal-
ists aware of the problem of hunger in Mozambique. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 7 Sep 85 p 8] 2909

MACHEL SALUTES BULGARIAN REVOLUTION--President Samora Machel sent a message of
congratulations to his Bulgarian counterpart, Todor Zhivkov, on the occasion

of the 41st anniversary of the victory of the socialist revolution in Bulgaria,
which we are reprinting in its entirety: "It is with immense gratification that
I convey to you, dear Comrade Zhivkov, and to the people and government of the
People's Republic of Bulgaria, on behalf of the Mozambican people, the FRELIMO
Party, the government of the People's Republic of Mozambique and myself, person-
ally, the warmest congratulations on the commemoration of the 41st anniversary
of the victory of the socialist revolution in Bulgaria. The victory of the
Bulgarian socialist revolution on 9 September 1944, a corollary of the Bulgarian
people's just, heroic battle against Hitler's Nazi-Fascism, marked the beginning
of the building of. a Bulgaria which, throughout its 41 years of freedom has
attained decisive victories in the social and economic areas, and is a secure
backer of the liberation struggles of oppressed peoples. It is our conviction
that the bonds of fraternal friendship and militant solidarity, and the coopera-
tion which exists between us, will intensify increasingly, for the benefit of .
our peoples, parties and governments. Allow me, esteemed Comrade ‘Todor Zhivkov, -
on this happy occasion, to convey to you our wishes for good health and long
life for yourself, as well as new and greater success for the fraternal Bulgarian
people."[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 1] 2909

NEW DISTRICT PEOPLE'S COURTS--Ministerial documents published in recent Bulle-

tins of the Republic have announced the creation of District People's Courts in
various parts of Tete and Zambezia Provinces. Those documents, signed by the

98



simply hold a black government in restraint is just about like stopping
an out of control vehicle which has already tumbled halfway over a precipice.

It is hardly conceivable that the National Party could even think that it
could abolish political supremacy. But if this is really the case then it
is about to commit the worst blunder in the country's political history.
If this idea is being employed merely as a political slogan, then the
indictment is just as bad: arousing a misplaced confidence among the
Whites, while dangerously stimulating black political aspirations.

South Africa cannot afford to do this and does not have the time to determine
which of these two possibilities is the right one.

7964
CSO: 3401/308

114


Increasingly Strong Army/People Bonds

In a gesture of consolidation of the already traditional People/Army bonds,
the people of Chibabava offered:.the local battalion of the FAM/FPLM
[Mozambique Armed Forces/Popular Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique]
20 100-kilo sacks of corn and contributed 182,337.50MT in support of our
defensive capability. At this time they are engaged in the covering and
painting, with available material, the building where the future head-
quarters of the party will be for the FAM/FPLM contingent.

Elsewhere, the construction of a PPM [Mozambican People's Police] head-
quarters was recently concluded in the locality of Goonda, and contained in
the program commemorating the 10th anniversary of national independence,
there are reports that several groups of Armed Bandits were driven out.

In this action, in which the people's militias were involved, 23 armed
bandits were killed and three of them captured, together with assorted
military materiel abandoned in the field.

The intensification of the relations between the people of Chibabava and the
army is due to the work of mobilization accomplished by the local structures
of the party and state. Regularly, the people meet with representatives of
the FDS [expansion unknown] to deal with and discuss the political-military
situation of the zone, to gather popular opinion and to reveal. the princi-
ples which orient the behavior and discipline of the soldiers of the
FAM/FPLM. ‘The purpose of this activity is aimed at making the people capable
of identifying, denouncing and neutralizing enemy agents who may possibly
infiltrate into the zone.

Today in Chibabava, it is no longer normal to encounter soldiers standing

in lines, engaged in shoving matches with civilians in an attempt to obtain
basic articles. It was the people themselves, who in one of their meetings
proposed to the district structures the study of conditions so that the small
amount of products received from the provincial capital could be rationally
distributed, also benefitting the soldiers without it being necessary for
them to be in the lines.

"We base ourselves on the principle that when a leader, when a party first
secretary goes to work in a zone where our soldiers are, he should include
in his program a meeting with the comrades so that he may specifically hear
their problems and seek proper solutions. This task is not only that of the
commander, although as a member of the collective leadership of the district
he has the obligation of explaining our decisions to his soldiers," declared
Rassai Sande, during the course of our interview.

"“Qur offices are in all the localities. Even I, who am the first secretary
of the party, have an office in each one of our localities, because our work
is performed in the midst of the people and that is where they live," he
added.

61



JPRS=SSA+854099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO EXECUTIVE COUNCIL CHAIRMAN PRAISES PORTUGUESE AID
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] Yesterday in Maputo, the chairman of the City of Maputo Executive Council,
Alberto Massavanhane, upon receiving the superintendent of the Charitable Insti-
tution for the Indigent in Lisbon, Dr Joao Gomes, remarked: "We appreciate the
gesture on the part of the Portuguese people who, in solidarity with the people
of Mozambique, have contributed materially to the aid of Mozambicans who have
been left in poverty as a result of natural disasters. Portugal is not a wealthy
country, but its citizens have felt it their obligation to share the little that
they have with their brothers in Mozambique."

At the small but significant ceremony which took place in mid-morning, the
chairman of the Executive Council was accompanied by the secretary general of
AMASP, Abner Sansao Muthemba; the city's health director, Dr Igrejas Campos;
and the support and control director, Antonio Simbine.

In his brief comments, Alberto Massavanhane began by saying that the results of
the "Embrace Mozambique" campaign organized under the sponsorship of the Lisbon
Charitable Institution for the Indigent would help to minimize the serious
problems caused by natural disasters in our country.

He also noted that the sensitivity shown by the Portuguese people, in their
solidarity with the Mozambicans, is synonymous with the heightening of relations
between the two peoples.

At one point, Alberto Massavanhane observed: "Portugal is not a wealthy country.
Despite this fact, the Portuguese people have proven that they are sensitive
toward the situation created by natural disasters in Mozambique, and do not
mind sharing the little that they have with their Mozambican brothers."

He subsequently added that the present difficulties have been worsened by the
activity of the armed bandits, who are preventing the materialization of several
development projects and destroying economic infrastructures, . He added: "As a
result, we are not producing fully, something which has made the privation more
acute. However, we have hope that in the future we shall be able to repay this
gesture."

67



JPRS#SSA=854099
16 October 1985

BOTSWANA

MINISTER COMMENTS ON PRESS FREEDOM
MB181734 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1111 GMT 18 Sep 85

[Text] The minister for presidential affairs and public administration,

Mr Ponatshego Kidikilwe, has strongly warned that the freedom of the press
cannot and will not be at the expense of the country. The minister was res-
ponding to comments made by some members of parliament during the debate on
Chapter 16 of the draft National Development Plan 6.

They had expressed concern at the way the private press questioned government
deportation orders imposed on certain individuals for security reasons.

Mr Kidikilwe described this as a very sensitive question of people deliberate-
ly misunderstanding what is understood as freedom of the press. He added that
where the champions of editorial comments belong, in terms of what this nation
is all about, is highly questionable. The minister said they were people who
seemed to be tired of Botswana's democracy and emphasized that the government
was not, and it would like to see democracy staying to be enjoyed by the coming
generations. [sentence as heard] Mr Kidikilwe further explained that the
security of this country would not be determined in a court of law, as those
who write some of the editorial letters in their papers think. He said if
those who write the editorials would like to sell a program like that, where
the security of the country would be determined in a court of law, then they
should retire into politics and sell the idea to Botswana. He said if
Botswana allowed them to come in, it would remain to be seen how they would
administer the security of the country through an open court.

Regarding the government press, Mr Kidikilwe said he would consult with the
director of information and broadcasting in a bid to put the house in order.
Some members of parliament had complained that some government reporters
distorted facts and were biased in favor of, or against, some parties.

Mr Kidikilwe said there were certain elements in the department who were
evidently going astray. He further warned that one or two examples needed to
be set for the rest to see, but he would not elaborate. The minister said he
would not like to say more than that because the medicine must be applied in
stages. He also said he was banking on appealing to the ethics of the profes-—
sion, because he believed the profession had and practiced certain codes of
behavior. For journalism to enjoy its freedom, he said, it must respect its
ethics.

cso: 3400/19 12



Pursuant to the conclusions of Mafambisse, all sugar units must permanently
reorganize their sectors, taking into consideration that the main question
must be the proper assignment and use of the labor force.

The results of the exhaustive work. performed at the Mozambique Sugar Factory
are of valid application for the other enterprises, where there is a.com-
plete need to have a leadership with technical and political authority and
with a sensitivity for detecting anything that may turn into an obstacle
for the sugar industry.

There are a number of organizational factors to take into consideration,
mainly in the system of supply of basic articles and various other articles
for the workers, which in Mafambisse, because of the vulnerability and
fragility of the mechanism installed, gave way to diversions [of articles]
which led to a climate of discontent in the enterprise.

The Sofala leader was very incisive when he made the workers of the enterprise
generally responsible for the situation we found in the sugar factory, cit-
ing as an example the fact that repairs that should have been done in only 2
days took a week.

But this action was also the object of a severe criticism by Marcelo dos
Santos because it reflected the poor impression of some of the workers as
to what a state enterprise is, the interests it serves, who owns it and who
should be making sure it is worthwhile.

There is great confidence on the starting of the harvest. Latest information
received by us says that the factory sector is at this time ready to advance
at the cost of long hours of uninterrupted work, where the lack of a single
technician during a certain period of the day or night can put in doubt a
number of coordinated actions.

8908
CSO: 3442/412

95


RAWLINGS CRITICIZES GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE

JPRS“SSA=85~099
16 October 1985

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 11 Sep 85 ppl, 5

[Text] IN a frank talk with
PI

cso:

‘NDC Secretaries and
heads of revolutionary
organs at the Castle,
Osu, yesterday, e
Chairman of the PNDC
Fit-Lt. J. J. Rawlings
said that the shortcom-
ings of those in leaders-
hip positions have pre-
vented the Government
of the PNDC from mak-
ing the advances ex-
pected of it,

He told the Secretaries
that there is no point in
complacently comparing
the achievement of this
overnment with the per-
Kormance of previous'¢o:
vernments, The yardstick
for a truly revolutionary
government is different,
therefore, “let us think of
how much more we could
have done if we had reach-
ed the full measure of our
worth”, he said.

Fit-Lt, Rawlings called
for a critical review of the
achievements made so far,
in relation. to the declared
objectives of the December
31 Revolution.

He stated that man?
Secretaries who had been
dynamic and Passionate
activists had become swal-
lowed up by bureaucracy
after their appointementa,
Instead of taking charge of
a ministry, it is rather the
ministry wHich takes char-
ge of them. Revolution is
not a routine 9-4 job, he
said.

The J PNDC Chairman
accu: some Secretaries
and heads of revolutionary
organs of losing touch with,

3400/39

the grassroots and insulat-
ing themselves from the
conditions experienced by
the majority of the people.

He pointed out that lives
had been lost in the defen-
ce of the revolution, and
that the government con-
tinues to call for sacrifices
from the people, and yet
“some of us are forgetting
these things and easing
ourselves into lifestyles
that do not express the
passion of our commit-
ment”.

He also warned against
the formation of cliques
and a defensive aztitude
towards just criticism, and
too much concern for rank
and status.

Fit-Lt. Rawlings called
for a more serious team
spirit anda deeper sense of
service and sacrifice, in
order to overcome the li-
mitations which are-hold-
ing back the {ull pace of
progress, so that the objec-
tives of the Economie Re.
covery Programme can be
fully achieved.

Quoting from the guide-
lines written in 1982 to di-

rect the task of govern.

ment, the Chairman said,
“any transformation, in.
order to be truly revolu-
tionary, must aim at a
complete and radical
change of both the existing
social, political and econo.
mic structures and the hu-
man elements within the
government machinery”,
Chairman Rawlings di-
rected all Secretaries and
heads of revolutionary or-
gans to review the perfor-
mance of their area of re-

17

sponsibility in the light of

the 1982 guidelines and
targets, and to write up
their objectives, strategies
and priorities.

He announced that a
Co-ordinating Secretariat
is to be set up shortly, to
act as an operational cen-
tre to provide avenues of
communication for a more
cohesive administrative
machinery.

Hearings are to be con-
ducted at which each Se-
cretary or head will ac-
count for his or her ste-
wardship, providing a fo-
rum for the critical eva-
luation of each one’s Per-
formance. From this exer-
cise, goals and objectives
will be clarified, providing
a better measure for future
‘performance.

‘The Chairman of the
PNDC asked the Secreta.
ries and beads of revolu-
tionary organs to reach out
to the people by spending
some of their time in.
working on community
Projects and by giving
talks in workplaces to ex.
plain the social and econo-
mie consequences of acts
and attitudes which mili-
tate against the ‘goals of
the revolution, fe also
suggested that they could
give occasional lectures in
Various institutions of
learning

Concluding, the Chair-
man.of the PNDC said
that there should be no
doubt in the mind of any
Ghanaian that the govern-
ment is for the people.
There are some systems of
government, he said, which
are of and by the: people,
and yet do not act for the
-mass of the people.


JPRS*SSA=85+099
16 October 1985

LIBERIA

POWER RIVALRY ROCKS SOSO COMMUNITY
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 2 Sep 85 p 3
[Article by Gus D. Jaeploe]

[Text] A heated, but little publicized, tussle seems to be taking place over
the governorship of the Soso community in Montserado County.

The power struggle is between Morlai M. Bangura, who was appointed governor of
the community last July by the Internal Affairs Ministry upon approval of the
Head of State, and Seima Suma, who contends that he organized the community and
therefore should be its first governor.

In a letter dated July 11, 1985, deputy Internal Affairs Minister John D. Tamba
said Mr. Bangura's appointment was based upon his selection by elders and other
members of the community residing in Montserado County.

The letter, addressed to Mr. Bangura also said he was being appointed without
salary because of the financial constraints facing government.

In an interview with this paper recently, contender Seima Suma explained that
it was through his initiative that the community gained formal recognition from
government.

Suma argued that he should be the governor since it was he who the Ministry of
Internal Affairs mandated to work out the modalities for the organization's
establishment.

“But to my surprise, Bangura who was my deputy became governor overnight," he
said.

Suma and his supporters are now calling for a thorough investigation into what
they described as the “unpopular” appointment of Bangura.

He said an election should be held afterwards for the people to choose who they
really want as their leader.

A spokesman for the faction supporting Suma, David A. Kromah, also supports
this idea, which he says is the appropriate solution to the dispute.

46



Initially the problem was viewed from only one point of view. This means
finding those who are needed for cutting cane elsewhere.

Then the government of the proyince of Sofala assumed the responsibility of
supporting the enterprise in miscellaneous supplies, with a view to insuring
manpower, primarily in the harvest phase.

An exhaustive survey and analysis of the problem led to solutions at a
higher level. It began to be said in various working sessions that a
maximum of manpower should be sent to the fields. It appeared impossible
but it happened.

Let us see: Of a total of 800 workers in the administrative area, it was
concluded that 300 could be perfectly dispensed with without any type of
harm; nearly 300 relocated elsewhere in such a way as to get a maximum yield
from them. This means that the administrative services can function per-
fectly well without half of the total number it had previously. Then there
is the possibility of sending scores of surplus workers to the fields.

More examples of this operation show us that the Department of Internal
Administration (DAI), which has 160 employees at this time, is capable of
dispensing at will with 90 of them and the general directorate, which had 55
men in the office, has reduced its personnel to 18.

Obviously this situation was inherited from an organizational structure which
was not adapted to reality and much less to the volume of production, taking
into consideration that all those persons were placed in those positions
numerically in terms of annual sugar tonnage, which as we have already said
in previous articles has declined significantly.

The National Sugar Institute (INA) and the directorate general of the
enterprise were given the responsibility of coming up immediately with an
organizational structure for the factory in terms of technical and human
availabilities.

Cases were also found in the structure of vacancies without the personnel to
fill them, which caused some departments to function outside the organization.

Factory: Another Sensitive Point

“We cannot turn our eyes away from this behavior," said Joao dos Santos
once when he saw what the factory was like inside.

As we said at the beginning, filth prevailed. Equipment with only a few
years of use was deteriorating, the floor unrecognizable, rust, lack of
maintenance. We were even told of cases of negligence, which lacked very
little of being true cases of sabotage of machinery, where they knew of
breakdowns when the machines were still capable of giving years of service.

91


JPRS+SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

GHANA

NORTHERN REGION COTTON FARMERS EXCEED TARGET
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Kodjo Atsu]

[Text] Cotton farmers in the Northern Region have so far cultivated more than
1,000 acres of cotton, thus exceeding the target of 600 acres envisaged by the
Cotton Development Board (CDB).

The Under Secretary for Agriculture in charge of crops, Mr Ibrahim Adam who
disclosed this to the "GRAPHIC" yesterday said as a result of the increases,
the board was unable to cater for the maintenance of the extra cultivation
since its resources were limited.

The Under Secretary who was reacting to an appeal by the farmers to save their
farms from being destroyed by insects however said the acting Chief Executive

of the boards is already in Accra to pay for and take delivery of a chemical,

RIPCORD from Shell Chemicals for the control of the insects.

In addition, he said the Farmers Services Company (FASCOM) in the Upper Region
has also offered to release a stock of chemicals for the same purpose.

Mr Adam further revealed that DANAFCO has also made an offer to the board for
the release of a chemical for the control of insects and that tests are
already being carried out for its suitability.

The Under Secretary explained that the CDB has, however, been able to provide
tractor services and supplied the farmers with their fertiliser needs.

cso: 3400/37

29



fully fledged members of the board, and as full participants in the drama of
the free market economy from which you have so long been excluded.

It is now becoming increasingly apparent that your ambition is not being
shared by the modern day flame-throwers. What we are now witnessing are the
first stages of a well co-ordinated plan to discredit those blacks who occupy
senior positions in the corporate world of those entrepreneurs who have
"made it" in the business world. Labels like "white masters in black skins"
or even "sell outs" and "informers" are commonplace enough to warrant repeti-
tion here.

Those successful ones who manage to liberate themselves from "Matchbox house"
existence to modern suburbia are accused of displaying "bourgeois" tendencies
to the accompaniment of ominous threats.

Snide remarks are made about those who have managed to sacrifice many a
luxury to give their children the only alternative the much discredited

“Bantu Education". Threats to damage the vehicles that "bus" these children
to the northern suburbs private schools have actually been carried out. Their
only crime? "Alienating the children from the masses and feeding them foreign
value systems."

This then is the general direction in which the black community is headed.
Parents have surrendered their authority and children are dictating terms
i.e. when to go to work, when to stay away, where to shop, what to buy, what
transport to use, etc. The recruits into this state of anarchy join their
school drop-out peers who have acquired limited education, no skills, and are
already untrainable. This in a depressed economy that for a few years now
has not provided new jobs to the thousands of annual school leavers who join
the unemployed ranks every year.

We are preparing to enter the next century and perhaps the new Azania with
these embittered youths, whose slogan is now "Freedom Now, Education Later."
No thought is being given to the quality of manpower that will be required to
give meaningful expression to that freedom. They are instead acquiring skills
of the most bizarre kind, destroying valuable assets and property as well as
committing the most gruesome murders on the "enemies of the people."

Those who still believe in decency, discipline and progress as the qualities
that Azania will need to take its rightful place in the community of nations
are paralysed with fear--for there is no escape. Their skins have condemned
them to the ghetto whether it goes under the name "Phiri" "Jabavu" or "Pres-
tige Park", there to be swallowed and swamped by the seething sea of bitter-
ness as it relentlessly advances to eliminate the "buffers" standing between
it and the system.

cso: 3400/1119

129



JPRS*SSA+85+099
16 October 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

CITIZENSHIP REVOKED--Gaborone--A former South African, Mr Gabriel Setlhoke,
has had his Botswana citizenship revoked. The notice in the Botswana Gov-
ernment Gazette said the Minister of Home Affairs had decided Mr Setlhoke
“has shown himself to be disloyal and disaffected towards Botswana." This
is believed to be the first time the Botswana Government has revoked a grant
of citizenship. Mr Setlhoke was not known to be involved in any political
activity. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 10 Sep 85 p 7]

cso: 3400/1209

13



JPRS*SSA*85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CHIBABAVA ADMINISTRATOR ASSESSES DECADE OF INDEPENDENCE
Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Aug 85 pp 8-9, 10

{Article by Antonio Cesar: "From the Establishment of Government Bodies to
Economic Social Growth"]

{Text] “After the proclamation of independence our priority task was re-
stricted to the establishment and organization of the rank and file structures,
the Energizing Groups in all the towns, groups and cells. They are party
bodies which insure the accomplishment of a very profound political work

with the objective of leading the people to understanding the reason for our
struggle and the need for collective life and work," declared Mateus Rossai
Sande, first secretary of the party and Chibabava District administrator, in

a recent interview granted to DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE.

Chibabava, an integral part of the territory of Sofala, nearly 300 kilometers
from the provincial capital, occupies an area of 2,033 square kilometers and
is populated by 89,248 inhabitants, according to the last general population
census. It is bordered by the districts of Nhamatanda to the north, Machanga
to the south, Buzi to the east, Espungabera to the west and Sussundenga in
the northwest region, the last two belonging to the province of Manica.

The territorial division of the district contains five localities, specif-
ically Goonda, Eduardo Mondlane, also called Tronga, Muchungue, Mucheve and
the district seat. Up to 1980 the entire vast space which makes up the pre-
sent district of Machanga was included in the area under the jurisdiction of
Chibabava.

Establishment of Government Bodies

In 1977, with the creation of the FRELIMO Party by the Third Congress, a
process of revitalization of the rank and file bodies was begun, galvanized
by the election and subsequent officialization of a Party District Committee.
The action had a particular impact among the masses the following year when
the National Campaign for the Organization of the Party was initiated. "We
then went on to the creation of party cells, which in the first phase
numbered nine, containing 177: members. In the second national campaign we
expanded our ranks with the admission of more members and the creation of
another five cells," said Rassai Sande.

57



The Progs, however, have yet to hold public meetings in Lenasia. They claim
public meetings degenerate into “tub-thumping affairs" and they prefer to hold
house meetings to get their message across more effectively.

There opponents, however, are right to dispute that. If the Progs do hold a
meeting, the TIC, with its large active membership, would probably introduce a
motion of no-confidence and take the meeting over.

That is why not a single party or candidate in the tricameral elections last year
dared hold a public meeting in Lenasia. :

Forget their excuse that the TIC and Azapo would suddenly become violent: and
start bashing up people.

The truth is that the TIC has a tradition of non-violence, and its leadership
is always at pains to tell the rank-and-file not to react to provocation.

That is why there was such outrage in Lenasia when TIC acting president
Rashid Salojee was detained immediately after the state of emergency was pro~
claimed.

Was his detention, people in Lenasia speculate, an attempt by the authorities
to provoke public protests and a confrontation so that the activists can be put
in their place once and for all?

That doesn't mean that there might not have been a confrontation. A growing
number of younger activists do believe they should not turn the other cheek.

If you're attacked, hit back. That is why when police, aided by Indian right-
wing elements, sailed into students who were protesting outside a Lenasia pol-
ling booth on Indian election day, the youth retaliated.

For the first time, Lenasia witnessed petrol bombs being hurled at the
police. Suddenly, Lenasia had entered the realm of the violent townships.

Since then, all has been quiet--on the surface. The "system" has on occasion
banned TIC meetings. But the pro-apartheid forces-~and many have common sus-
picions about their identities have concentrated on trying to play the TIC
off against Azapo. .

Earlier this year, pamphlets allegedly. issued by Azapo attacking the UDF were
dumped in the dead of aight in Lenasia gardens; a day later, retaliatory pam-
phlets allegedly issued by the UDF were issued.

The leadership of both Azapo and the TIC saw through this ploy and informed
their members accordingly.

But of course, such disinformation tactics by pro~apartheid forces do make
gome impact on the non-thinking. And when soon after the distribution of these
pamphiets violence breaks out among alleged UDF and Azapo members. the sich
have their feare confirmed,

126



the chairman of the Progressive Federal Party's federal managing office,
reaffirmed this week. But now, Mr Mandela has destroyed the entire illusion
and he is getting support from other leftist radicals,

Without the pretension of a national convention, leftist policy in South
Africa has lost all credibility. The Progressive Federal Party and its
non-parliamentary fellow travelers have plunged into a crisis of lack of
policy, the end of which is not in sight.

7964
CSO: 3401/315

110



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVE ARTICLE POINTS OUT DANGERS OF NP LIBERAL TREND
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 2

[Perspective Column by Gawie: "No Surrender of Political Supremacy in
South Africa"]

[Text] As foreign and domestic pressure on the government increases, so
also does talk about constitutional foolishness from those circles. An
absurdity, which is increasingly becoming a part of the National Party
(NP) rhetoric, is that political domination must be abolished. Whites,
Coloreds, Indians and Blacks must be drawn into an arrangement in which no
one group will be able to dominate over the other and each group will have
a full say over the so-called "one's own affairs."

This erroneous line of thought was also evidenced prominently in the position
taken last week by Minister of Cooperation, Development and Education

Dr Gerrit Viljoen. According to newspaper reports Dr Viljoen has warned

the Whites that their days of domination are coming to an end and that they
will have to accept the role of partnership with non-White groups-—including
the Blacks.

Naturally this kind of political daydreaming is nothing new. The Progressive
Federal Party has been propagating this ever since the seventies and
therefore the National Party, as in many other instances, is nothing more
than an imitator of the Progressives philosophy also in this instance.

Prospects of a sort of partnership between Whites and Blacks go hand in hand
with the increasing advocacy being made in favor of a federal order of
things for the future. This is not surprising, because a strong element

of federalism was already written in as a part of the National Party's
policy as far back as 1977. The present constitution, in a sense, is also
a federation between Whites, Coloreds and Indians.

Although the National Party does not ever use the term "federation," its
entire way of thinking is purposely aimed in that direction.

Plans for a federal dispensation in which no one group will be permitted

to dominate another are now being used as a handy tool for appeasing the
Whites. Many Whites do realize quite clearly that the present course of

112



TANZANIA

Briefs
Exporters 15 Percent 136
Revenues Expected To Increase 136
Export Earnings Up . 136
Producer Prices Raised 137
Regions Needing Kenyan Oil 137
Funds for Fertilizer Project 138
UGANDA
Briefs
CDC Assists Energy Projects 139
Tea Yield Increased 139
ZIMBABWE

Nkomo Comments on Zanu Threat
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Sep 85)....

Bulawayo Whites Fear Government ‘Witch Hunt'
(THE STAR, 15 Sep 85)...eceeeeeeeee tevcccatereveccevesccees 141

Fertilizer From Coal Plan Studied
(THE HERALD, 13 Sep 85)....ccecseeececececececececeeessene - 142

Airport Navigation Aid To Be Installed
(THE HERALD, 12 Sep 85)..-eececceccccccccccccccevescecessss 143



INTERMAQUINA (the Industrial Equipment Foreign Trade Enterprise) has as its
purpose the exporting of products of the light, metallurgical, light electro-
mechanical, electrotechnical and refrigerating industries. It will work on
the importing of industrial equipment and products, specifically, for refrige-
ration, compressed air, protection and security, tooks and machine tools.

It is provided with an establishment fund of 190 million meticals.

The Metal Import and Distribution Enterprise (INTERMETAL) will engage in
activities involving the import and distribution of ferrous and non-ferrous
metal raw materials and bonding elements. Its establishment fund is 210 million
meticals,

2909
CSO: 3442/416

89



CSO:

3400/41

Various splinter youth groups should
also see beyond their parochial interests
and stop regarding the D.Y.L.G. as a
rival.

Instead of calling generally for a mass
youth movement, it is more useful to
give concrete suggestions as to how
the DYLG. could be transformed into
le national youth movement as a

step towards a united youth
front for the advancement of December
st. -

34



JPRS«8$44854999
16 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH BLAMES PROGRESSIVE TREND FOR UNREST
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] The harmful consequences for the Dutch Reformed Church (NGK), and
its works resulting from the new constitution, positively should be
brought to the attention of the government, and the church should do so.

This is what NGK ministers are saying in connection with the interview with
State President P.W. Botha requested by the NGK. A delegation of the
Commission for Linkage with the Government will shortly be consulting with
Mr Botha. The delegation will consist of Rev Kobus Potgieter, Rev Tappies
Moller, Dr Dirk Fourie, Rev Dirk Viljoen and Dr Pierre Russouw. Black
disorders will probably be tha main topic of discussion. From the conversa-
tions held with ministers, the one clear apprehension appears to be that

the delegation could lay stress on any further concessions by the government.
Conservative ministers emphasize that the delegation must not fail to

warn the government against any further concessions and that it must also
present the viewpoints of white conservatives who represent the majority

of the church's membership.

One of the ministers told us: "The present situation of unrest is clearly
the outcome of the new constitutional dispensation and it is obstructing
the task of the church."

The ministers are also disturbed over factors such as the RGN [Council for
Humanities Research] report on intergroup relations in which apartheid
is blamed for conflict.

Another matter which is troubling the ministers is the continuous pressure
from abroad for putting an end to apartheid and the government's apparent
willingness to comply with it. Although the church does not have an apartheid
policy, it is affected by it because the church consists of separate

churches for the various groups. This is what a Johannesburg Dutch Reformed
preacher told DIE AFRIKANER: "The more pressure is exercised on the church
to become multiracial the further away the church will move from the Biblical
ideal of what a church must be. The political integration policy now being
followed has a definite effect on the church and is giving rise to a great
deal of unrest."

Ministers think that often the wrong impression, that the Dutch Reformed
Church is supporting integration measures, is created. This is certainly

121



JPRS*SSA#85+099
16 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SYNTHETIC FUEL POTENTIAL--The use of natural gas in Mozambique raises difficult
problems of strategy for the Maputo government, problems which derive from the
opportunity for its industrial use, particularly in the production of methanol,
taking into consideration that the alternative would be to send it to zones

of greater population density through a long and expensive pipeline. Natural

gas reserves in Mozambique are located in the Rovuma River Basin the extreme
northern part of the country, and more to the south in Pande. Even to

transport the gas from Pande to Maputo would take a 700-kilometer pipeline costing
an estimated $300 million to $400 million. An investment of similar size would
also be necessary for building a methanol plant--a synthetic liquid fuel already
produced, for example, in Brazil--for producing 600,000 to 700,000 tons per year.
To get an idea of the size, it is enough to say that this methanol production
could replace 400,000 tons of petroleum, which means nearly half of the consump-
tion foreseen for all the countries of SADCC [South African Development Coor-
dination Conference] in 1990. The largest plan presented up to date by Angola
for the electric power sector within the framework of the SADCC, aroused a
generalized interest among all the donating countries in the recent conference
of Mbabane in Swaziland. That plan is aimed at the linking of the electrical
systems of the north, center and south and foresees the possibilities of pro-
viding electricity to Namibia after the independence of that country. The
largest part of electric power is produced in the northern part of the country
by means of the dams of Cambambe and Mabulas, but it is foreseen that with the
conclusion of the Kapanda Dam, power production will be greatly increased, making
the linkage of the three systems even more necessary. Another plan presented

by Angola within the framework of the SADCC, is aimed at finishing the Gove Dam
on the Cuene River, whose estimated cost is $2 million. With the conclusion of
the Kapande and Gove Dams, and the linkage of the three distribution systems,
Angola will soon be able to export electric power in case conditions of political
stability are established. [Text] [Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 23-29 Aug 85

Pp 24] 8908

RENAMO TO DISTRIBUTE KORAN--Ordered by RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance]

a million copies of the Koran were printed in Portuguese in Lisbon. They are

to be distributed in the People's Republic of Mozambique, specifically the

areas of military influence of that movement. The order was made and completely
finished months ago in the greatest of secrecy, several printing companies of
medium and small size being used for the purpose. The selection of the Koran
reveals the religious nature which appears present in the psychological warfare
directed by RENAMO. It would also demonstrate the support that RENAMO is to re-
ceive through Muslim means in addition to that which is normally attributed

96



NEW TIMBER BUREAU ESTABLISHED, RESPONSIBILITIES EXPLAINED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Sep 85 p 1

[Text]

CSO:

A NEW timber organi-
gation - Forest Pro-
lucts Inspection Bureau
(FPIB) — which aime,
among other things, at
recommending timber
grading rules for stan-
dard- use in Ghana has
been established by the
government.

‘The bureau shall have a
seven-member board, in-
cluding the chairman and
a chief executive, all of
whom shall be appointed
by the PNDC.

According to a new
PNDC Law 117 published
in Actra at the week-end,
the chairman and other
members of the board oth-
er than the chief executive
shall hold office for a
three-year term and shall
be eligible for  re-
appointment on'the expi-
ration of their respective
terms of office.

Other functions. of the
bureau are to dissemi ‘inate
timber grading rules pres-
cribed by the Secretary for
Lands and Natural Re-
sources for standard use in
the country. It will also
ensure that established
grading rules are applied

y the timber industry.

The bureau will also re-
commend to the Secretary,
regulations and procedures
for the stamping, tagging
and marking of logs and
timber products.

According to the law,
the bureau shall undertake

3400/40

37

the training, examination
and registration of autho-
rised timber graders and
establish levels of certifi-
cate for such graders,

It is also charged with
the responsibility of con-
ducting pre-shipment in-
spection of logs and timber
products for export to ens-
ure correct grading and
valuation to eliminate
fraud. .

‘The bureau will vet and
register all contracts for
the exporte*‘on of logs and
timber products.

Furthermore, it is aut-
horised to register claims
in respect of contracts for ;
the exportation of logs and
timber products and to ap- |
point arbitrators in dispu-
‘tes involving grading and
valuation of timber pro-

ducts.

It will also register all
enterprises engaged in the
timber and wood process-
ing industries.

The law stipulates that
the bureau shall have a
deputy chief executive who
shall assist the chief exe-
cutive in the performance
of his duties and shall per-
form such other functions,
as the board may direct.

The bureau shall halt,
open and detain for purpo-
ses of inspection any venie
cle, container or vessel
carrying or containing or
belived tu be carrying or
containing timber or wood
products. — GNA.:

JPRS*SSA“85=099
16 October 1985

GHANA