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# How the United States Is Holding Russia and Belarus to Account

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*Last updated: February 23, 2024*

> 
“President Putin may have assumed that the United States and our allies were bluffing when we warned of massive, unprecedented consequences. But – as President Biden likes to say – big nations can’t bluff. The United States doesn’t bluff. And President Putin has gravely miscalculated.” 
Antony J. Blinken**Secretary of State**

The United States, along with its allies and partners, works to ensure the Russian Federation and the Lukashenka regime in Belarus pay a severe economic and diplomatic price for Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.

With our allies and partners, we have taken these actions:

              - Applied powerful sanctions on Russia’s largest financial institutions and its sovereign wealth fund. 
              - Made it difficult for Russia to find funding for its war beyond its borders. 
              - Choked off Russian imports of key technologies. 
              - Targeted the financial networks and assets of Russian and Belarusian elites, including President Putin and members of his security council. 

There is nowhere for individuals or entities who support the unprovoked war to hide. We already see the effects of these actions, as the Russian and Belarusian economies stumble. With our allies and partners, we will continue to take strong economic and diplomatic actions. 

We are also working with partners, including the Ukrainian authorities and international institutions, to pursue justice and accountability for war crimes and other atrocities committed in Ukraine. We will use every tool available to promote accountability for these acts, including criminal prosecutions.

**These U.S. actions, to date, hold Russia and Belarus to account. **

## 										Table of Contents									

              - Sanctions
              - Export and Import Controls
              - Visa Restrictions
              - Private Sector Actions
              - Justice and Accountability

## Justice and Accountability

Based on information currently available, the U.S. government assesses that members of Russia’s forces have committed war crimes in Ukraine. As with any alleged crime, a court of law with jurisdiction over the crime is ultimately responsible for determining criminal guilt in specific cases. 

That is why we are supporting a range of mechanisms to document and promote justice and accountability for war crimes and other atrocities committed in Ukraine. This includes helping to build Ukraine’s domestic capacity by supporting the work of the War Crimes Units under the Office of the Ukrainian Prosecutor General. It includes supporting international investigative and accountability-related mechanisms, including the robust new UN Commission of Inquiry, which we helped create, to investigate human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law by Russia’s forces. We joined 44 other OSCE countries in launching an Expert Mission, with Ukraine’s support, to examine reported human rights abuses or violations and violations of international humanitarian law, including possible war crimes, by Russia’s forces in Ukraine. And it includes supporting the important work of human rights documenters in Ukraine.  

We are committed to pursuing accountability for such acts using every tool available, including criminal prosecutions. 

              - November 21, 2022  Briefing on Justice and Accountability for Russia’s Atrocities in Ukraine
              - November 18, 2022  Accountability for War Crimes and Other Atrocities in Ukraine: Recent Reporting on Unjust Detentions and Disappearances in Kherson Oblast
              - September 28, 2022  Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing “From Nuremberg to Ukraine: Accountability for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity”
              - March 23, 2022  War Crimes by Russia’s Forces in Ukraine
              - Ukraine Advisory Group (ACA)

## Sanctions 

Sweeping U.S. financial sanctions will impose costs on the Russian and Belarusian economies. Export controls and airspace restrictions will cut off Russia’s and Belarus’ access to vital technological inputs and atrophy their industrial base. These actions will undercut Russia’s and Belarus’ strategic ambitions to exert influence on the world stage.

February 23, 2024

                  - Press Statement: Responding to Two Years of Russia’s Full-Scale War against Ukraine and Aleksey Navalny’s Death

                  - Fact Sheet: Responding to Two Years of Russia’s Full-Scale War On Ukraine and Navalny’s Death

                  - On Second Anniversary of Russia’s Further Invasion of Ukraine and Following the Death of Aleksey Navalny, Treasury Sanctions Hundreds of Targets in Russia and Globally

                  - Commerce Stands Strong with Ukraine, Takes Further Action Against Ongoing Russian Aggression

December 12, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Taking Additional Sweeping Measures Against Russia

                  - Fact Sheet: Taking Additional Sweeping Measures Against Russia

                  - Treasury Imposes Sanctions on More Than 150 Individuals and Entities Supplying Russia’s Military-Industrial Base

December 5, 2023

                  - Targeting Procurement Network for Russia’s Military Sector

                  - Treasury Targets Russian Defense Procurement Network

                  - Taking Additional Sweeping Actions Against the Belarusian Regime

                  - Treasury Targets Belarusian Revenue Generators for Lukashenka, Human Rights Abuses, and Cogs in Russia’s War Machine

November 2, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Taking Additional Sweeping Measures Against Russia
                  - Fact Sheet: Taking Additional Sweeping Measures Against Russia
                  - Treasury Hardens Sanctions With 130 New Russian Evasion and Military-Industrial Targets

                  - Commerce Adds 13 Entities To Entity List For Aiding Russia’s Illegal War In Ukraine

September 14, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Imposing Further Sanctions in Response to Russia’s Illegal War Against Ukraine
                  - Fact Sheet: Imposing Further Sanctions in Response to Russia’s Illegal War Against Ukraine
                  - With Wide-Ranging New Sanctions, Treasury Targets Russian Military-Linked Elites and Industrial Base

August 24, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Imposing Sanctions and Visa Restrictions on Individuals and Entities Russia to Promote Accountability for Forced Transfer and Deportation of Children During Russia’s Illegal War Against Ukraine
                  - Fact Sheet: Imposing Sanctions and Visa Restrictions on Individuals and Entities to Promote Accountability for Forced Transfer and Deportation of Children During Russia’s Illegal War Against Ukraine

August 11, 2023

                  - United States Sanctions Russian Financial Elites and a Russian Business Association
                  - Treasury Imposes Sanctions on Russian Elites and a Russian Business Association

July 20, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Imposing Additional Sanctions on Those Supporting Russia’s War Against Ukraine
                  - Fact Sheet: Imposing Additional Sanctions on Those Supporting Russia’s War Against Ukraine
                  - Treasury Sanctions Impede Russian Access to Battlefield Supplies and Target Revenue Generators

May 19, 2023

                  - Press Statement: United States Imposes Additional Sanctions and Export Controls on Russia in Coordination with International Partners
                  - Fact Sheet: United States Imposes Additional Sanctions and Export Controls on Russia in Coordination with International Partners
                  - Supplemental Alert: FinCEN and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security Urge Continued Vigilance for Potential Russian Export Control Evasion Attempts
                  - Commerce Expands and Aligns Restrictions with Allies and Partners and Adds 71 Entities to Entity List in Latest Response to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
                  - With Over 300 Sanctions, U.S. Targets Russia’s Circumvention and Evasion, Military-Industrial Supply Chains, and Future Energy Revenues

April 12, 2023

                  - Press Statement: Further Curbing Russia’s Efforts to Evade Sanctions and Perpetuate its War Against Ukraine
                  - Fact Sheet: Further Curbing Russia’s Efforts to Evade Sanctions and Perpetuate its War against Ukraine
                  - Treasury Targets Russian Financial Facilitators and Sanctions Evaders Around the World

February 24, 2023

                  - FACT SHEET: On One Year Anniversary of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, Biden Administration Announces Actions to Support Ukraine and Hold Russia Accountable
                  - The United States Imposes Additional Sweeping Costs on Russia
                  - The United States Takes Sweeping Actions on the One Year Anniversary of Russia’s War Against Ukraine
                  - Targeting Key Sectors, Evasion Efforts, and Military Supplies, Treasury Expands and Intensifies Sanctions Against Russia
                  - Further Curbing Russia’s Efforts to Evade Sanctions and Perpetuate its War Against Ukraine
                  - Treasury Targets Russian Financial Facilitators and Sanctions Evaders Around the World
                  - Sanctioning Evasion Network Supporting Russia’s Military-Industrial Complex
                  - FACT SHEET: Further Curbing Russia’s Efforts to Evade Sanctions and Perpetuate its War against Ukraine 
                  - Commerce Imposes Additional Export Restrictions in Response to Russia’s Brutal War on Ukraine
                  - Statement by Ambassador Katherine Tai on the Imposition of Higher Tariffs on Additional Imports from Russia

                  - February 01, 2023  Sanctioning Evasion Network Supporting Russia’s Military-Industrial Complex                     - Treasury Targets Global Sanctions Evasion Network Supporting Russia’s Military-Industrial Complex
                  - january 26, 2023  Countering the Wagner Group and Degrading Russia’s War Efforts in Ukraine  - Actions to Counter Wagner and Degrade Russia’s War Efforts in Ukraine 
- Treasury Sanctions Russian Proxy Wagner Group as a Transnational Criminal Organization 

                  - january 6, 2023  New Sanctions Targeting Iran’s UAV and Ballistic Missile Industries  - Treasury Sanctions Suppliers of Iranian UAVs Used to Target Ukraine’s Civilian Infrastructure

                  - december 15, 2022  Continuing to Hold Russia to Account for its War against Ukraine  - Furthering the United States’ Effort to Hold Russia to Account for its War Against Ukraine  - Treasury Further Constrains Russia’s Financial Services Sector

                  - december 9, 2022  Combating Global Corruption and Human Rights Abuses  - Treasury Sanctions Over 40 Individuals and Entities Across Nine Countries Connected to Corruption and Human Rights Abuse

                  - November 15, 2022  Imposing Sanctions on Entities and Individuals in Response to Iran’s Transfer of Military UAVs to Russia - Treasury Targets Actors Involved in Production and Transfer of Iranian Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Russia for Use in Ukraine

                  - November 14, 2022  Targeting Russia’s Global Military Procurement Network and Kremlin-Linked Networks - Treasury Sanctions Global Russian Military Supply Chain, Kremlin-Linked Networks, and Elites with Western Fortunes

                  - SEPTEMBER 30, 2022  Statement: Imposing Swift and Severe Costs in Response to Russia’s Violations of Ukraine’s Sovereignty - Commerce FAQ
- Treasury Imposes Swift and Severe Costs on Russia for Putin’s Purported Annexation of Regions of Ukraine
- Statement from President Biden on Russia’s Attempts to Annex Ukrainian Territory

                  - SEPTEMBER 15, 2022  Statement: Targeting Russia’s Senior Officials, Defense Industrial Base, Financial Infrastructure Leaders, and Human Rights Abusers - Fact Sheet: Targeting Russia’s Senior Officials, Defense Industrial Base, and Human Rights Abusers
- Treasury Targets Additional Facilitators of Russia’s Aggression in Ukraine
- Commerce Takes Further Actions to Expand and Tighten U.S. Export Controls on Russia and Belarus
- Commerce Implementation of Additional Sanctions Against Russia and Belarus Under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and Refinements to Existing Controls

                  - September 8, 2022  Designating Iranian Proliferators of Shipping Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology to Russia for Use in Ukraine - Treasury Sanctions Iranian Persons Involved in Production of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Weapon Shipment to Russia

                  - August 2, 2022  Imposing Additional Costs on Russia for Its Continued War Against Ukraine - Fact Sheet: Imposing Additional Costs on Russia for Its Continued War Against Ukraine
- Treasury Sanctions Elites and Companies in Economic Sectors that Generate Substantial Revenue for the Russian Regime

                  - July 28, 2022  Targeting Russia’s Global Malign Influence Operations and Election Interference Activities - Treasury Targets the Kremlin’s Continued Malign Political Influence Operations in the U.S. and Globally

                  - July 13, 2022  Briefing: U.S. Sanctions on Russia
                  - June 28, 2022  Targeting Russia’s War Machine, Sanctions Evaders, Military Units Implicated in Human Rights Abuses, and Officials Involved in Suppression of Dissent - Fact Sheet: Targeting Russia’s War Machine, Sanctions Evaders, Military Units Credibly Implicated in Human Rights Abuses, and Russian Federation Officials Involved in Suppression of Dissent
- Release: U.S. Treasury Sanctions Nearly 100 Targets in Putin’s War Machine, Prohibits Russian Gold Imports
- FACT SHEET: The United States and G7 to Take Further Action to Support Ukraine and Hold the Russian Federation Accountable
- Release: FinCEN and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security Urge Increased Vigilance for Potential Russian and Belarusian Export Control Evasion Attempts
- Release: FinCEN and BIS Issue Joint Alert on Potential Russian and Belarusian Export Control Evasion Attempts

                  - June 2, 2022  Targeting Russia’s Oligarchs and Vessels - Fact Sheet: Promoting Accountability and Imposing Costs on the Russian Federation and Its Enablers for Putin’s Aggression Against Ukraine
- Fact Sheet: United States Takes Further Actions to Counter Sanctions Evasion by Russia
- Release: U.S. Treasury Severs More Networks Providing Support for Putin and Russia’s Elites 

                  - May 8, 2022  Targeting Russia’s Financial, Defense, and Marine Sectors and Promoting Accountability for Russian and Belarusian Military Officials - Fact Sheet: State Department Actions to Promote Accountability and Impose Costs on the Russian Government for Putin’s Aggression against Ukraine 
- Release: U.S. Treasury Takes Sweeping Action Against Russia’s War Efforts 
- Fact Sheet: United States and G7 Partners Impose Severe Costs for Putin’s War Against Ukraine 
- Statement: G7 Leaders’ Statement  

                  - April 20, 2022  Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Abuses in Russia and Belarus and Taking Action Against Sanctions Evaders - Release: U.S. Treasury Designates Facilitators of Russian Sanctions Evasion

                  - April 7, 2022  Further Targeting Russian State-Owned Enterprises - Release: The United States Sanctions Major Russian State-Owned Enterprises
- Fact Sheet: Additional State Department Designations Targeting Russian State-Owned Defense Shipbuilding Enterprise 

                  - April 6, 2022  Targeting Additional Russian Financial Institutions, Officials, and Other Individuals - Release: U.S. Treasury Escalates Sanctions on Russia for Its Atrocities in Ukraine
- Fact Sheet: United States, G7 and EU Impose Severe and Immediate Costs on Russia 

                  - April 5, 2022  Sanctions on Darknet Market and Ransomware-Enabling Virtual Currency Exchange - Release: Treasury Sanctions Russia-Based Hydra, World’s Largest Darknet Market, and Ransomware-Enabling Virtual Currency Exchange Garantex 

                  - March 31, 2022  Additional Sanctions on Russia’s Technology Companies and Cyber Actors - Release: Treasury Targets Sanctions Evasion Networks and Russian Technology Companies Enabling Putin’s War 

                  - March 24, 2022  Sanctions on Additional Members of Russia’s Duma, Russian Elites, Bank Board Members, and Defense Entities - Fact Sheet: Targeting Elites of the Russian Federation
- Fact Sheet: United States and Allies and Partners Impose Additional Costs on Russia
- Release: U.S. Treasury Sanctions Russia’s Defense-Industrial Base, the Russian Duma and Its Members, and Sberbank CEO

                  - March 15, 2022  Treasury Sanctions Russians Connected to Gross Human Rights Violations and Corrupt Leader of Belarus
                  - March 15, 2022  Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Abuses Perpetrated by the Governments of Russia and Belarus
                  - March 15, 2022  U.S. Announces Sanctions on Key Members of Russia’s Defense Enterprise
                  - March 11, 2022  Treasury Sanctions Kremlin Elites, Leaders, Oligarchs, and Family for Enabling Putin’s War Against Ukraine - Fact Sheet: Targeting Elites of the Russian Federation
- Remarks by President Biden Announcing Actions to Continue to Hold Russia Accountable

                  - March 3, 2022  Targeting Russian Elites and Defense Enterprises of Russian Federation - Release: Treasury Sanctions Russians Bankrolling Putin and Russia-Backed Influence Actors

                  - March 2, 2022  U.S. Treasury Takes Additional Steps to Strengthen Compliance with Russia-Related Sanctions
                  - February 28, 2022  Additional Measures Against the Russian Financial System - Release: Treasury Prohibits Transactions with Central Bank of Russia and Imposes Sanctions on Key Sources of Russia’s Wealth

                  - February 25, 2022  U.S. Treasury Imposes Sanctions on Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov - Statement: Imposing Sanctions on President Putin and Three Other Senior Russian Officials

                  - February 24, 2022  U.S. Treasury Announces Unprecedented & Expansive Sanctions Against Russia, Imposing Swift and Severe Economic Costs
                  - February 24, 2022  U.S. Treasury Targets Belarusian Support for Russian Invasion of Ukraine
                  - February 23, 2022  Sanctioning NS2AG, Matthias Warnig, and NS2AG’s Corporate Officers
                  - February 21, 2022  FACT SHEET: Executive Order to Impose Costs for President Putin’s Action to Recognize So-Called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics - Statement: Kremlin Decision on Eastern Ukraine
- Release: U.S. Treasury Imposes Immediate Economic Costs in Response to Actions in the Donetsk and Luhansk Regions

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## Export and Import Controls 

The United States has imposed stringent export controls on Russia and on Belarus, which has helped enable Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. 

We continue to restrict Russian imports and exports, adding to and further tightening steps taken after Russia’s occupation of Crimea and invasion of the Donbas in 2014. Measures taken as a result of Putin’s recent actions include these:

                  - MAY 19, 2023  Commerce Expands and Aligns Restrictions with Allies and Partners and Adds 71 Entities to Entity List in Latest Response to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
                  - MAY 19, 2023
                  - Supplemental Alert: FinCEN and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security Urge Continued Vigilance for Potential Russian Export Control Evasion Attempts
                  - MAY 9, 2022  Raimondo Announces Temporary Suspension of 232 Tariffs on Ukraine Steel
                  - April 21, 2022  A Proclamation on the Declaration of National Emergency and Invocation of Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Russian-Affiliated Vessels to United States Ports
                  - April 9, 2022  Commerce Department Expands Restrictions on Exports to Russia and Belarus in Response to Ongoing Aggression in Ukraine
                  - April 7, 2022  BIS Takes Enforcement Actions Against Three Russian Airlines Operating Aircraft in Violation of U.S. Export Controls
                  - April 1, 2022  Commerce Adds 120 Entities in Russia and Belarus to the Entity List, Further Limiting the Russian and Belarusian Militaries’ Access to Items That Support Aggression Against Ukraine

                  - March 18, 2022  Commerce Department Identifies Commercial and Private Aircraft Exported to Russia in Apparent Violation of U.S. Export Controls
                  - March 11, 2022  Commerce Restricts the Export of Luxury Goods to Russia and Belarus and to Russian and Belarusian Oligarchs and Malign Actors in Latest Response to Aggression Against Ukraine
                  - March 11, 2022  Executive Order on Prohibiting Certain Imports, Exports, and New Investment with Respect to Continued Russian Federation Aggression
                  - March 10, 2022  U.S. Federal Aviation Administration prohibits Russian aircraft or any aircraft, regardless of the state of registry, owned, chartered, leased, operated or controlled by, for, or for the benefit of, a Russian person or entity subject to U.S. sanctions from operating to, from, within, or through U.S. Territorial Airspace
                  - March 8, 2022  United States Bans Imports of Russian Oil, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Coal
                  - March 7, 2022  Commerce Announces Republic of Korea Exclusion RuleandJoint Statement of the Department of Commerce and Republic of Korea
                  - March 4, 2022  Commerce Takes Further Actions to Target Russian Strategic Industries and Punish Enablers of Aggression
                  - March 2, 2022  Commerce Imposes Sweeping Export Restrictions on Belarus for Enabling Russia’s Further Invasion of Ukraine
                  - February 24, 2022  Commerce Imposes Sweeping Export Restrictions on Russia in Response to Further Invasion of Ukraine

View more Export and Import Controls contentCollapse Additional Content

## Visa Restrictions 

In order to promote accountability for human rights abuses and violations by the Russian Federation and the Lukashenka regime in Belarus, the United States has imposed a series of sanctions and visa restrictions. These actions target Russian and Belarusian officials, Russia’s proxy “authorities” in the parts of Ukraine it controls, and private individuals involved in human rights abuses, corruption and repression related to Putin’s premeditated and unjustified war against Ukraine and its people.

                  - August 2, 2022  Imposing Additional Costs on Russia for its Continued War Against Ukraine - Fact Sheet: Imposing Additional Costs on Russia for Its Continued War Against Ukraine

                  - June 28, 2022  Targeting Russia’s War Machine, Sanctions Evaders, Military Units Credibly Implicated in Human Rights Abuses, and Russian Federation Officials Involved in Suppression of Dissent - Fact Sheet: Imposing Visa Restrictions on Russian Military Officers Involved in Threatening or Violating Ukraine’s Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity, or Political Independence, and Officials Involved in Suppression of Dissent

                  - May 8, 2022  Targeting Russia’s Financial, Defense, and Marine Sectors and Promoting Accountability for Russian and Belarusian Military Officials - Fact Sheet: State Department Actions to Promote Accountability and Impose Costs on the Russian Government for Putin’s Aggression against Ukraine

                  - April 20, 2022  Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Abuses in Russia and Belarus and Taking Action Against Sanctions Evaders
                  - March 15, 2022  Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Abuses Perpetrated by the Governments of Russia and Belarus

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## Private Sector Actions 

As President Biden said earlier this week, the United States welcomes the decisions of companies to exit Russia because they want no part of Putin’s war of choice against Ukraine. An unofficial list names hundreds of U.S. companies that will stop doing business in Russia.

Tags

BelarusBureau of Economic and Business AffairsBureau of European and Eurasian AffairsDivision for Counter Threat Finance and SanctionsExport ControlsRussiaSanctionsUkraineVisas

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