Paradoxically, the UNITA guerrilla fighters are waging a conventional war in
this part of the country. Of the movement's 65,000 men, about 4,000 are
concentrated in an area a few kilometers from this settlement, which has now
been completely destroyed, after months of bombardment.

Waiting in the heat for an imminent offensive, Miguel, like hundreds of
others, spends his life between two holes. In the first, he sleeps in the
open air, near a bonfire which protects him against the rigors of the southern
winter.

Every morning at about 5, Miguel only needs to walk a few meters to reach a
second hole, a little larger than the first. Then he begins his day's vigil,
with a Soviet grenade launcher (RPG), or just a Kalashnikov, within arm's
reach. Only a few patrols pass to break the monotony of his days. The
patrols pass close to the positions of the MPLA. The danger of an ambush
alternates with the anguishing fear of stepping on a mine. Miguel has fought
with the UNITA since he was 15--8 long years spent in the Angolan bush, where,
he says, “I only think of one thing--running the Cubans and the Soviets out of
my country." To alleviate the tedium of these long days, he reads a great
deal, he explains, “in particular books about the UNITA and the writings of
Comrade-General~President Jonas Malheiro Savimbi."

There is a personality cult and propaganda. The anticommunist UNITA, which is
at war against Soviet expansionism, paradoxically has a Maoist cast, at least
in its organization. In Jamba, for example, on one of the walls of the
workshop where some 40 incapacitated guerrilla fighters work day and night to
try and meet the need for uniforms, one of President Savimbi's slogans reminds
them that “Community work is the most useful." Radio UNITA hammers away daily
at party propaganda. What has been achieved in Jamba is not far from a
perfect form of communism.

In Likua, the logistics center for the UNITA, weapons and vehicles are
repaired, rehabilitated and manufactured, sometimes around the clock, without
Payment of any wages. Filipe also has worked for the UNITA for 11 years. His
most recent job has been repairing the radiators on the huge Soviet trucks
which the guerrilla force has gradually been acquiring to attack the MPLA
convoys. Is he happy with his lot? “Yes,” Filipe explains, “since I work for
the cause.“ However, he has not seen his wife, who is a nurse at the front,
for more than 5 months. “The strength of the UNITAis in its morale and its
determination," Jonas Savimbi stated at the opening session of the congress.

Apparently this is far from being the case in the ranks of the MPLA, if we are
to believe General Ben, operations commander at the Cuito Canavalo front.
“The MPLA army is suffering from a massive wave of desertions,” he explained.
“The UNITA bombards the two MPLA brigades with 120-millimeter mortar shells
every day, “if possible, during the dinner hour,” say Major Osorio, who
directs the artillery fire. “This is particularly devastating to their
morale." Perched high in a tree, I had an opportunity, moreover, to assess
the damage. Each shell caused a veritable rout. A UNITA soldier on a branch
a little higher up corrected the range by radio. Only three shells needed to
be fired in order to regulate the aim precisely.

14



Guambe added that owing to this situation, his district has been prevented from
providing timely assistance to the population of the localities of Jojo, Macave-
lane, and Mawayela, situated approximately 120 kilometers from the district
headquarters.

Guambe remarked: "We make. use of private cars and tractors ‘to remove products,
put they are insufficient."

During the brief visit to the N'komati Accord Village, AIM noted the presence
of poorly nourished children, observing shortages of milk and sugar.

Under normal circumstances, Panda district, with a total population of 58,000
inhabitants, produces corn, rice, beans, green vegetables, cashew nuts, cattle,
and shéép and goats, but the prolonged drought has destroyed these crops.

2909
csO: 3442/19

35



MOZAMBIQUE

RED CROSS GIVES FOOD AID TO FLOOD, DROUGHT VICTIMS IN BOANE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] Last Wednesday,.the population of the 30 de Janeiro-Campuane Communal
Village in Boane received powdered milk and dried fish from the Mozambican
Red Cross, a gift aimed at easing the major food shortage affecting them; a
fact resulting from the lack of commercial service and from the drought raging
in the region, leading to a reduction in the yield from agricultural work.

The food donation was made available by members of the CVM's provincial secre~
tariat in Maputo and representatives from the International Red Cross League.
District political and health officials, and members of the village's Mobiliz-
ing Group, as well as members of the mass organizations, attended the events
of the ceremony.

The food donations to the village have consistently been carried out since
last year, after a first experiment had failed, owing to the confusion prevail-
in the distribution.

This time, since the organization has apparently been improved, the food was
distributed to accommodate every family group, of which the village has
nearly 300, with 3 kilograms of fish and the same amount of milk.

Nutritionist agents associated with the distributing team explained to the
population the best method of consuming milk in the form of dehyrated powder,
because improper use leads to the occurrence of diarrhea. The milk was not
advised for children under a year old. The population also received instruc~
tions on the consumption of fish donated to Mozambique by a Scandinavian
country.

Starving People

The 30 de Janeiro-Campuane Communal Village is inhabited by peasants whose
original residential areas.were stricken by rain from tropical depression
"Domoina," forcing the populace to move. The major problem of concern to
the inhabitants is the food shortage: There is no store to provide products,
and the land can hardly produce green vegetables, grain or cassava.

31



MOZAMBIQUE

SOFALA SEES PRODUCTION, MARKETING, EXPORT DISCREPANCIES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] The Fourth Session of the Sofala Provincial Government, whose work ended
late Monday morning, in the city of Beira, decided to devote more attention to
agricultural marketing and exporting. For this purpose, two working commissions
were formed, with the specific mission of reactivating ‘and lending greater
dynamism to the operativeness of these two sectors vital to the province's
economy. :

The decision to create a working commission to supervise agricultural marketing
was due mainly to the fact. that it was found that, during the 1985-86 agricul-
tural campaign, as in other harvest seasons, despite the fact that the farm
production indexes reached large numbers for some products, the marketing did
not keep up properly with that pace.

Actually, rice production in the. city of Beira, which, during the previous
campaign, had attained levels never before reached, lacked the necessary
counterpart in the marketing process; something that may have negative effects
on future agricultural campaigns.

The meagerness of the items placed at the disposal of those participating in
the marketing, their late arrival, and the shortage of transportation facili-
ties for removing marketed products were cited as the bottlenecks in the process.

However, in one of the speeches made during that organ's opening session,
Governor ranciscoMasquil described the marketing system used in Sofala as
"quite strict."

Hence, they observed the need to form a working commission including represen-
tatives from agriculture, trade, industry, and transport and ‘communications,
with specific duties to reactivate and lend greater dynamism'to this sector,
so that it might effectively fulfill the purposes for which it was created.
Creating Motivation for Export

Creating notivation to export consumer goods produced in the province is the
goal of the commission formed at the fourth session of thé Sofala government.

40



ANGOLA

CUNENE PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR ON REGIONAL SITUATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 16 Aug 86 p 3

[Report on interview with Cunene Provincial Commissar Pedro Mutinde, by
Miguel Filipe]

[Text] Cunene, the southernmost province in the country, has not known
a single minute of peace since national independence. Since 1975, Cunene
has been the victim of widescale invasions organized by South Africa and
allied imperialist forces.

Today it has proven its heroism. The attacking troops have been swiftly
repelled, thanks to the bravery and fearlessness of the valiant combatants
of the Angolan armed forces and the determination of the people to carry
on the struggle until the counter-revolutionary groups serving apartheid
are completely eliminated.

The JORNAL DE ANGOLA interviewed Commissar and Central Committee member
Pedro Mutinde on the current situation.

He began by saying that the economic, social and political situation in
Cunene is reasonable when you consider that it one of the provinces most
affected by the disruptive activities of imperialist forces and their allies.

"Despite this, in recent years we have been able to establish political
power throughout the province by mobilizing and educating the people with
regard to the efforts directed by our party and government. Naturally,
since production is the basis of our society, we have spared no efforts

to get all our people involved in productive work, by introducing new
implements such as plows, hoes, scythes, and hatchets," Pedro Mutinde said.

"In this context, it is important to point out that enemy action has
hindered the success of our agricultural production efforts. Thus
peasants organized into associations cannot carry out their work fully,
although it is true that all the enemy's attacks have been repelled as a
result, because there is a correlation between defense and production."

From a political and military standpoint, he stressed the intrepid character
of our soldiers, who have relentlessly fought off every attack by our
internal and external enemies.



/13046
cso:

3400/370

AVERAGE MONTHLY NUMBER

CLOSE CORPORATION

SSNEEEREEE - REGISTRATIONS
scuanmcam -COMPANY REGISTRATIONS
quem -COMPANY & CLOSE CORPORATION

2000;

8
v

:

UQUIDATIONS

68



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

EXPORT LICENSES ABOLISHED~-Export licenses have been abolished by the Federal
Government. In a statement in Lagos today, the Federal Ministry of Trade
said the measure took effect from the inception of the Second-Tier Foreign
Exchange market. It said that all exporters must therefore comply with exist-
ing foreign exchange regulations in their export trade and fill [out] the
relevant form obtainable from the Central Bank. The ministry explained that
the purpose of the form was.to monitor the repatriation of export (2profits).
[Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 4 Nov 86 AB] 1/6662

AKINYEMI: MOVEMENT OF PERSONS, CHAD--The Federal Government says it will make
all efforts to regulate the movement of person in accordance with the provi-
sions of the ECOWAS treaty. The minister of external affairs, Prof Bolaji
Akinyemi, said in Lagos today that the government will not allow free move-
ments of people to degenerate into the chaos of the past which resulted in
expulsions that did not solve the country's problems. Professor Akinyemi,
who was briefing newsmen on the activities of his ministry, said Nigeria must
find ways of protecting her interests in relation with her neighbors. On the
situation in Chad, the minister reaffirmed Nigeria's call for an end to all
foreign interference in that country and appealed to parties to the dispute
to seek a negotiated solution to their problems. He, however, stressed that
Nigeria recognized the government of President Hissein Habre as the ruling
administration in Chad. Professor Akinyemi stated that Nigeria's borders
with Chad were open for normal business. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in
English 1500 GMT 7 Nov 86 AB] | /6662

SOVIET COOPERATION IN FLAT SHEET PRODUCTION--Nigeria has again called for the
active cooperation of the Soviet Union for the successive implementation of
the flat sheet project at Ajaokuta. The minister of mines, power, and steel,
Alhaji Bunu Sheriff Musa, made the call while exchanging views with the Soviet
ambassador to Nigeria, Mr (Aleksandr Oditine), who called on him in Lagos
yesterday. The minister said Nigerians were anxiously looking forward to the
early completion of the first and second phases of the project toward making
the production of flat sheets a reality by the year 1990. He thanked the
Soviet Union for her previous assistance to Nigeria and hoped that the friendly
relations between the two countries would continue. The Soviet envoy stressed
his country's eagerness to get the Ajaokuta project completed on schedule.
[Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 1200 GMT 5 Nov 86 AB] /6662

cso: 3400/380

50



PRIVATE ARMIES GUARD COMMERCIAL, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 19 Oct 86 p 15

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]
[Text]

PRIVATE armies are proliferating
in Mozambique to guard commer-
cial and development projects
against the guerillas of the Mozam-
bique National Resistance.

The privatisation of the war ap-
pears to be a direct result of the
Frelimo government army's inabil-
ity to keep the rebels in check.

At least three private forces are
believed to be in operation or being
formed.

One is guarding an agricultural
concession being operated by the
British-based Lonrho corporation
in central Mozambique.

Another will provide protection
for the rebuilding of the railway
line from the port of Nacala to Ma-
lawi, in which Lonrho also has an
interest.

Yet another is believed to be
protecting a dam being built by
an Italian concern in southern Mo-
zambique.

The force guarding the Naca-
la railway project is understood
to have been formed in collabo-
ration with Lonrho, although no
confirmation of this could be ob-
tained from Lonrho this week.

It appears to be the same force

/13046

CsO: 3400/372

that a British company, Hall and
Watts (Defence Sales), was report-
ed this week to be training and
equipping.

The 600-man unit is expected to
be ready to go into the field in Jan-
uary. It is not clear whether its
members will be recruited locally
or overseas.

According to information from
well-placed sources some foreign
mercenaries are already involved
in helping to guard the rebuilding
of the Nacala line.

The project is part of a wider
scheme sponsored by the South-
ern African Development Coordi-
nation Conference (SADCC) to up-
grade Nacala, Beira, Maputo and
Dar es Salaam harbours and the
railways linking them to land-
locked hinterland states.

The idea is to provide alterna-
tive routes for these countries’ im-
ports and exports, which now have
to go largely through SA because
the Mozambique railways have
been cut by the MNR and the line
to Dar es Salaam is inadequate.

The line to Nacala is especially
important to Malawi, where Lon-
rho has big interests, and Lonrho
is reported to have put up several
‘million rands of the cost of up-
grading it. Until the MNR began
attacking them the lines to Naca-

48

MOZAMBIQUE

ja ‘and Beira were Malawi’s
major outlets to he sea.

‘The other line from Beira to
Mutare (formerly Umtali) in Zim-
babwe runs alongside a Lonrho-
owned oil pipeline through a corri-
dor protected by a strong force of
Zimbabwean troops.

Also operating inside this cor-
ridor is the private army guard-
ing Lonrho’s 40000ha concession,
120 km west of Beira, on which the
company is growing cotton and
food crops.

The 100-man force is said to
have been provided by the Fre-
limo government but Lonrho pays
part of their wages.

Mozambicans are also said to
form most, if not all, of the pri-
vate army said to be guarding the
dam site at Corumana in Maputo
province, but the commander is be-
lieved to be a foreign mercenary.

Even more extensive of private
armies is considered likely in Mo-
zambique if the government forces
continue to prove unable to provide
adequate protection for commer-
cial and development projects and
at the same time the rebels cannot
overthrow the government an
form a new one.

Maputo appears to see this as .
one way of ensuring that develop-
ment goes ahead.


SOUTH AFRICA

CHINESE CONSUL-GENERAL IMPRESSED BY RACIAL REFORMS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] Stellenbosch: The changes that his nation has seen in South African
society over a period of six months have made his government very positive in
its opinion of South Africa.

These were the sentiments expressed by the consul-general of the Republic of
China, Mc H.C. Chan, to the members of a delegation from the student council of
the University of Stellenbosch, with whom he met the day before yesterday.

Mr Chris Jacobs, the student-council chairman, said that a delegation represent-
ing this body paid a goodwill visit to Mr Chan yesterday.

The delegation, consisting of Mr Jacobs, Vice-Chairman Frans Volschenk and Miss
Marion Shaer, the student-council member charged with leadership development,
also delivered a goodwill letter to Mr Chan.

"He has acquired an incredible degree of perceptiveness as far as the racial
problems in South Africa are concerned," said Mr Jacobs.

Mr Chan told the delegation that it has taken his country some three thousand
years to iron out its racial problems, which among other reasons stemmed from
the existence of 16 separate races there.

Although his country believes that changes in South Africa could be happening
at a faster pace, his government is truly impressed by the changes that have
occurred during the six months that it. has been intensively monitoring South
Africa, said Mr Chan.

Mr Jacobs said that Mr Chan had given them a warm welcome. He added that the
delegation was also amazed at the great economic progress that the Republic of
China could clearly manifest, despite a regional blockade.

The possibility of a student council tour to the Republic of China next year
also came up for discussion.

Mr Jacobs stressed that the student council can make a modest effort of its own
to show people that "the country is not going up in flames."

8117
CSO: 3401/23
54


SOUTH AFRICA

PERCY QOBOZA PAYS TRIBUTE TO MOZAMBIQUE'S SAMORA MACHEL
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 26 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] There is a macabre feeling about it all. To say that I was stunned
when I heard of President Samora Machel's tragic death would be the under-
statement of the year. No doubt the circumstances of his death will remain
a matter of speculation until aviation experts have made their findings.
Till then, I'll refrain from comment.

Back to Machel. I have known very few men in history who have been subjected
to such enormous--and sometimes fearsome--pressure, yet emerge with such
dignity and imposing charm. He spent the best years of his life fighting a
savage war in the bush to free his country from Portuguese colonial rule.
With his friend and mentor Eduardo Mondlane, they never let up. And when a
parcel bomb killed Mondlane, the mantle fell on the young Machel to lead the
struggle. He did it with great success--and was at the head of the Frelimo
columns which saw the Mozambican flag go up as a final declaration of freedom
from colonial rule.

One would have thought the time had come for him to take a well-earned rest.
But there was none of that. His immediate challenge came from Portuguese in
his country who worked to make Frelimo's rule as difficult as they could with
acts of disruption and economic sabotage. They spirited their ill-earned
millions out of the country--while financing groups of bandits to continue
harrassing the new government.

In this, they were joined by Washington's hysteria and obsession with
communism and South Africa's vitriolic condemnations over ANC bases in
Mozambique. What started off as a pathetic bandit group of Renamo dissidents
soon blossomed into an army with incredible material support. These challenges
Samora bore with the discipline of a soldier--forever seeking to fulfill his
dream of peace and prosperity in his land. It was no surprise that those
pressures literally forced him into the Nkomati Accord. An Accord that, in
the end, did not bring about the peace he desired.

Now he is dead.
Yet his spirit lives on. His dream will be taken up by others. His idealism

will fire future generations--not only Mozambicans, but all people on this
continent who yearn and work for a continent free of colonialism and racialism.

58



RENAMO SEEN AS INCAPABLE OF RUNNING GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 19 Oct 86 p 15

{Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

F HE war in Mozambique has taken on a dramatically
different character with the capture by the MNR rebels -of
five towns and a key bridge over the Zambezi River.

The taking of the towns re)
fhe laseical hit-and-run

ments 8 radical departure from
tactics used by the MNR up to

TAT the rebels hold the town of Mutarare, which commands one of ony
fro bridens over the river: they will be in a position to cut much of the

traffie between northern and

southern Mozambique.

The only other bridge over the river, which bisects the country, is to

the northwest at Tete. But even
road traffic crossing at Tete has

” to double back to Mutarara or go
. through Malawi to | reach northern

If the Tebels can hold the other
towns they will enormously in-
crease their ability to force the Fre-
limo Government to their de-
mand for negotiations ata
political solution tothe war. -

Few if any reputable analysts
believe there can be a military solu-
tion. without outside evento

and that aj
saan, ne cles, is being
by a war.nobody can win.
oemne Ft Frelimo government has
proved itself unable to defeat the
rebels, who have progressively
strengthened their position until
they. now deny the government ef-
fective control of as much as two-
thirds of Mozambique.

By all accounts Frelimo's army,
the FPLM, is poorly trained and
equipped, badly paid and largely
demoralised. The MNR’s successes
are ascribed not so much to its own
strength as to the FPLM’s weak-
ness,

If the Frelimo government were
ousted it would very likely go back
to, the bush and fight the kind of

guerilla war it waged against the .

Portuguese. And this time it might
be even more effective, for it would
probably have safe bases in Zim-
babwe. .

The rebels, however, are consid-
ered incapable of forming a viable
goverment even if they were able to
topple Frelimo. They have shown
no ability to seize and hold large
areas and administer them.

Until their capture last Decem-
ber of Caia, another town further
down the Zambesi from Mu-
tarara, they had never made a se-
rious attempt to occupy an urban

centre.
Much will now depend on wheth-
er they can hold the towns they now

occupy. .
Frelimo’s chances of getting out-
side assistance from Cuba, the So-
viet Union or any other of its Com-
munist allies are considered poor. It
was because they had declined to
come to his rescue against the
South African-backed MNR that

46

MOZAMBIQUE



FAMINE RELIEF FUNDING SAID TO AID RESETTLEMENT SCHEMES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Oct 86 p 2

[Text]

113046
cso:

PARIS — Relief workers and
researchers have accused: the
Ethiopian government of dis-
torting and manipulating its
famine crisis for political ends.
The charges came at a one-

- day conference on the role of in-

ternational aid agencies.

The conference, attended. by
more than 350 people, follows a
heated debate in the French
press over the causes of Ethio-
pia’s food shortages and a series
of books alleging that Western

- aid hurt more than it helped. ,

It also comes only two days
after Ethiopian Foreign Minis-

- ter Mr Goshu Wolde resigned,

3400/374

accusing the government of
leading the country into “misery
and destruction.”

Mr Jason Clay, a researcher
at Harvard University,! said in-
ternational aid to Ethiopia since
1984 had been used to disguise
what he called the “disastrous
failure of the country’s agricul-
tural reforms.”

“The government is systemat-
ically destroying a well-func-
tioning, ages-old system of local
communal production and re-
placing it with a state-directed
communal system.”

Mr Clay, who bases his con-
clusions largely on interviews
with Ethiopian refugees in So-
malia, said 4,5 million peasants
had been regrouped into new
villages under a scheme of
forced collectivisation.

Western countries donated
some 1,2 million tons of food aid
to Ethiopia in 1985 to help re-
lieve famine which swept across

18

the north of the country after a
severe drought in 1984.

Ethiopia’s Marxist govern-
ment, which last week said
seven million people were still
short of food, has rejected
charges that it is partly to
blame for or is exploiting the
famine.

A statement from Addis
Ababa’s embassy in Paris de-
scribed yesterday's conference
as “part of a political campaign
of denigration and disinforma-
tion against Ethiopia by forces
that are trying to spread hatred
against the Third World.”

Also at the meeting was the
French aid agency Medecins
Sans Frontieres (MSF), expelled
from Ethiopia in December 1985
after it criticised a scheme to
resettle thousands of peasants
from famine-stricken areas in
the north to southern regions. It
Says up to 100 000 people died as
a result of the scheme.

“Food distribution centres
had become traps to entice a re-
luctant people into coming
forward so they could be. fore-
ibly moved,” MSF chairman Mr
Rony Brauman told the confer-
ence.

“We decided it was better to
tell the truth and risk being
forced to leave than to keep
quiet and continue this sham.”

Mr Peter Niggli, a Swiss re-
searcher, also criticised the role
of food centres in aiding the re-
settlement scheme, which he
said aims to move 1,5 million
people. — Sapa-Reuter. *

ETHIOPIA



MOZAMBIQUE

LACK OF RAIN THREATENS RICE PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Sep 86 p 3

LZ Text_/ Rice production in the areas adjacent to the Buzi River,
specifically in Chilola, has fallen considerably this year, due mainly
to the scarcity of rainfall. On the other hand, according to sources
connected to the agricultural sector of the Buzi district in Sofala,
the marketing campaign for farmers' surpluses is practically in
jeopardy due to a lack of incentives for bartering.

Using oxteams, the farmers of Chilola and Penha plowed and sowed the
land, from which, according to some of the people interviewed by our
reporters, they harvested yields of less than 10 sacks of rice, the
most widely cultivated cereal in that region of Buzi. Augusto Maponde,
a farmer from Chilola, stated that, due to the late arrival of the
rains, he was able to harvest just seven sacks of rice. Though not
Satisfied with the results achieved this year, which are very low in
comparison with the previous year, Maponde revealed that he has at
this moment plantings of tomatoes, cabbages and onions.

In Penha, another riverside area, located on the right bank of the
Buzi River, a green and promising carpet spreads out before us. There
are dozens of kilometers of land covered in corn. Here, the farmers
approached by our reporters, in addition to stating that the Penha
region constitutes a major center for manioc production, proved to be
optimistic with regard to the projected yield of the corn harvest.

Marketing In Jeopardy

Meanwhile, the marketing campaign in the Buzi district is in serious
jeopardy, due to the lack of incentives for bartering. Although
Domingos Canda, an official of AGRICOM at the district level, recognized
the low indicators of agricultural production in comparison with past
years, he admitted nevertheless that the lack of barter products is
going to have a negative influence on the marketing process.

Some farmers we contacted stated that, in previous years, products
used as incentives included clothing from the Department of Prevention
and Combat of Natural Calamities, electrical batteries, flour, soap,
and "Xirico" radios, among others. This does not occur now.
Commenting on that fact, Teotonio dos Murchangos, Sofala's provincial
director of agriculture who was then visiting the Buzi district,

36



SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASE IN CLOSE CORPORATIONS OFFERS HOPE DURING RECESSION

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 19 Oct 86 pp 1, 4

[Article by Malcolm Fothergil1]

{Text]

A DRAMATIC increase in the number of
close corporations registered offers strong
confirmation that the South African econ-
omy has turned the corner.

The rate at which companies are failing is
creeping close to the rate at which companies
(as opposed to close corporations) are being set
up—a phenomenon which has prompted many
to believe that the recession is continuing to
deepen.

Taken to its logical conclusion, this means there
could soon be a net decrease in the number of com-
panies in South Africa.

However, there is no reason for gloom — rather
the reverse.

What the gloomy figures don’t tell is that, along
with the decline in the number of companies being
set up and the continuing flow of blood from com-
panies biting the dust, has gone a sharp rise in the
number of close corporations being started.

As the graph shows, close corporations have taken
off in no uncertain fashion — to such an extent that
they more than equal the 60-percent fall from 1983's
peak of 14 100 companies formed.

Since close corporations started in February last
year, 34261 have been registered, of which 11620
were conversions from companies to CCs.

In the same period, just under 10000 companies
were started.

Mr Paul Edwards, marketing director for Dun &
Bradstreet, South Africa’s largest supplier of busi-
ness information, sees two main reasons for the de-
cline in the number of companies being set up.

One is the recession. The other is the popularity of
close corporations.

“Many sole proprietors and partnerships have
gone for the CC option, as have those who, before
the introduction of CCs, would have registered as
companies.

“The reason is undoubtedly the tax advantages af-

67

forded by the Close Corporation Act
and the reduction in red tape asso-

ciated with CCs.”

Close corporations could hardly
have come at-a better time for
South Africa, says Mr Edwards.

“Small businesses are vital to the
development of the economy and in
providing much-needed jobs. In the
US, a rapid increase in small-busi-
ness activity was a major factor in
the excellent growth experienced in
recent years.

“In 1950, 93000 new small busin-
esses were registered in the US. By
1980 this figure had risen to 600 000.

“Given the threat of sanctions
and the need to reduce our depen-
dence on imports, small businesses
should enjoy continued high
growth.”



Machel Leaves Legacy of 'Unwinnable War'
(Gerald L'Ange; THE SUNDAY STAR, 26 Oct 86) ....sseeeeeeee

Renamo Seen as Incapable of Running Government

(Gerald L'Ange; THE SUNDAY STAR, 19 Oct 86) .....eseeeeeee

Private Armies Guard Commercial, Development Projects
(Gerald L'Ange; THE SUNDAY STAR, 19 Oct 86) .....

NIGERIA

Oil Minister Predicts 'Stormy' OPEC Meeting
(PANA, 6 Nov 86) ..ccccececccccccccceneeeccecseceseseerees

Briefs
Export Licenses Abolished
Akinyemi: Movement of Persons, Chad
Soviet Cooperation in Flat Sheet Production

TOGO

Seminar Held for Trade Union Leaders
(LA NOUVELLE MARCHE, 14 Oct 86) ........ eee eee ercrcesccee

Briefs
Japanese Aid Detailed

ZAMBIA
Briefs
Official Warns Against Harboring MNR
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Chinese Consul-General Impressed by Racial Reforms
(DIE BURGER, 17 Oct 86) ...ceecccccesecccrcccccccccccrceses

STOIC Acceptance of Sanctions, Curcumventing Measures
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 18 Oct 86) .....seececsceccccoceccccce

Effects of Sanctions on Soft Fruit Business Analyzed
(DIE BURGER, 17 Oct 86) .....-.-eeeee

BLACKS

Percy Qoboza Pays Tribute to Mozambique's Samora Machel
(CITY PRESS, 26 Oct 86) ..ccccccececccccceccccccccccsncecs

43

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48

49

50

50

51

52

53

54

55

57

58



SOUTH AFRICA

MORE REEF FAMILIES GO HUNGRY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Oct 86 p 5

{Article by Janine Simon]

[Text] Growing numbers of destitute families in the Reef

suburbs of Claremont, Maraisburg, Westdene and
Newlands are forced to rely on their communities for
food, says Mrs Martie Hughes, who runs an informal

feeding scheme from her home in Claremont.

Mrs Hughes, local clergyman Pastor Clive Wood
‘and other volunteers help about 30.families — an
say they receive requests from another three to four
families a week.

Children of many of
these households also eat
at a lunch-time soup kit-
chen at the Claremont
_Community Centre.

“We meet needs that
the soup kitchen can’t
reach. We put food, even
if it is only a packet of
soya mince, in the house
.for the parents to give to
children at night, or be-
fore they go to school,”
said Mrs Hughes.

Pastor Wood said the
‘desperate need was be-
,cause of the concentra-
tion of subsidised housing
schemes. in the areas —
and therefore people with
“low incomes.

Rising inflation meant
few could make ends
meet, he said.

He, Mrs Hughes and
volunteers Mrs Terry
Christian.and Mrs Rose
Mackintosh showed The
“Star more than 25 resi-
ences in Claremont
alone where families
were known to be strug-
gling. .

STATE PENSION

Pastor Wood said the
vonly source of income for
these families was often
a state pension. Most
were widows, divorcees
or couples where one or
both received a disability
-pension and had between
four and 11 children:

The children who had
completed school were
rseldom able to find work,

Said Pastor. Wood. “Alco-

70

hol and drugs are enor-
mous problems among
ithe teenagers and
adults,” he added.

‘ ‘Mrs Hughes’ said re-
quests for help came
mostly via children, who
‘appeared on her doorstep
clutching notes from
‘their mothers asking for
food.
“We have to operate on
‘faith and-depend on
«neighbours and friends to
provide the extra food.
Companies are reluctant
to help white families,”
she said,

Mrs Hughes hopes to
‘give needy families
Christmas food parcels.
Those who can help are
asked to contact her at:
27-5476.



NATION'S JOBLESS COULD REACH 3.3 MILLION

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 19 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

/13046
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3400/370

ONE in every four black
adults aged 16 and over
and living in South Afri-
ca’s metropolitan areas
was unemployed and
looking for full-time
work in July this year.

This means 800000 of
the estimated 3,2 million
adults in metropolitan
areas were out of work.

Since around a quar-
ter of the country’s black
adults live in metropoli-
tan areas, and assuming
unemployment is at sim-
ilar rates in the rest of
the country — an opti-
mistic viewpoint — the
number of unemployed
adults seeking work
could have been 3,3 mil-
lion.

Unemployment was
higher among women (27
percent) than men (24
percent) and particular-
ly high among those

69

aged between 16 and 24
(34 percent).

In the 25-to-34 age
group, 30 percent were
looking for full-time
work. This declined to 19
percent in the 35-to-49
age group and 10 percent
among the over-50s.

The results, from
Market Research Afri-
ca’s Employment Index,
excluded mineworkers
and live-in domestics,
but included township
and hostel dwellers.
Blacks living in Cape
Town were excluded.

Market Research
Africa chairman Mr
Clive Corder says the
findings underline the
seriousness of the reces-
sion.

“There are virtually
no prospects of in-
creased employment
under the existing eco-
nomic restraints.”

SOUTH AFRICA



CALL TO MAKE PORT ELIZABETH DUTY-FREE PORT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Oct 86 p 10M

[Text]

/13046
cso:

PORT ELIZABETH — A city

‘ councillor has come up with a

novel way of getting the Friend-
ly City back on its wobbly eco-
nomic legs — by making it a
duty-free port and establishing
casinos.

The Deputy Mayor, Mr Solly
Rubin, said a new type of think-
ing was needed if the stagnant
Port Elizabeth economy was to
be revitalised.

“I would like to see Port Eliz-

‘abeth become a second Dur-

ban,” he said. _
“Tf the establishment of ca-

sinos will bring the type of hotel -

development we see in Sun City.
and Bisho, I don’t see why we
should not have them.

“After all, what is the differ-
ence between the one-arm ban-
dits and the horse racing indus-
try, which is gambling purely
and simply?”

Mr Rubin also proposed that
Port Elizabeth become a free
trade zone or duty-free port,
similar to Eilat in Israel and
Hong Kong.

3400/370

END

72

“Those two cities have be-
come booming economic mira-
cles because of their free trade
status and there are in fact 444
such areas in the world. Why not
Port Elizabeth?”. .

Mr Rubin said he had made
this proposal to the Minister of
Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis,
at a recent meeting, but had not
yet had a reply.

“But I suppose he is a busy
man these days,’’ Mr Rubin
added.

The virtual demise of Port

' Elizabeth as a major manufac-

turing centre made the need for
a new outlook particularly ur-
gent.

Mr Rubin remained optimis-
tic about the city’s long-term
prospects.

“We are made of hardy stock
here in the Eastern Cape. We've
been here for more than 150
years and we've had hard times
before.

“We will survive, but we must
realise our salvation is in our
own hands and does not lie in
crying ‘to the Government for
help.”

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

INTERNATIONAL AID TO NIASSA FAMINE VICTIMS UNDER WAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Oct 86 p 1

[Text] The director of the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters,
Amos Mahanjane, disclosed. that various products of prime necessity and essen-
tial goods will be channeled to Niassa Province as part of the emergency
program to aid 443,000 persons stricken by the famine raging in over half the
districts. Meanwhile, representatives from four international organizations,
including the. PMA [World Food Program] and UNICEF, have gone to that province
already, to experience "on site" the tragedy that famine has caused ina
province traditionally known as one of those with the most abundant food.

In. connection with this operation to aid the stricken population, seven flights
have already been made with a Mozambique Airlines cargo aircraft, carrying a
total of about 80 tons of various products, including rice, sugar, medicines,
clothing, balnkets, edible oils, and lubricating oil for the vehicles involved
in the process of distributing those provisions among the eight districts hit
by food shortages.

Meanwhile, persons representing four international organizations visited Niassa
Province last month to experience "on site" the situation caused by famine in
a province traditionally known as one of those with the most abundant food in
the country, the news of whose declaration of famine came as a shock, both
internally and externally, based on the views of some of those: persons, who
included high-ranking officials of the World Food Program and UNICEF.

Amos Mahanjane disclosed that the. individuals who visited Niassa expressed
solidarity with the situation prevailing in the province. However, some
practical gesture demonstrating that solidarity may occur’as early as this
week, when the Department to Prevent and Combat. Natural Disasters meets with
representatives of those agencies, at their request, asthe reporter from ~
NOTICIAS learned.

According to Amos Mahanjane, the unloading of the products is being carried
out’ at two strategic sites, making it possible.to distribute: them in the
southern and ‘northern districts of the province. Five of them, namely, Lago,
Sanga, Mavago, and Mecula, are located in the north, and the other three in
the south. Thus, the LAM cargo afrcraft ‘has been making alternate flights

29



Jonas Savimbi does not fear the strengthening of the Cuban contingent in
Angola, since the UNITA is receiving “effective” aid from the American
government. President Reagan has even made it clear that he would be prepared
to equip the “resistants" with Stinger missiles, the “nec plus ultra” in the
realm of light antiaircraft weaponry. “Since last April, we have received
effective aid from our American friends. As to whether the Stinger missiles
are included, that is for me alone to know.” Visibly, Jonas Savimbi does not
like this subject. However, on our plane trip back, a UNITA leader became
somewhat confidential. As a matter of fact, American aid has created some
problems for the UNITA, One of the priority targets of this organization is
an American company; Gulf Oil, which exploits the ofl in Cabinda, in the
northern part of the country. And, an irony of fate, the taxes paid by Gulf
to the Marxist government in Luanda are in large part financing the war
against the UNITA, which the government in Washington officially supports.

“Gulf is especially hostile toward us, unlike El-fAquitaine, which merely goes
about its business, which does not mean that we exclude the possibility of
attacking it," the UNITA leader explained. He took care to emphasize that no
American official would ever be a target. This is an understandable
precaution, the moreso since Savimbi has no interest in creating
embarrassments for President Reagan, who with a certain solemnity, presented
him with a certificate declaring him a “Freedom Fighter.”

5157
€S0:3442/24

15



GHANA

COMMENTARY RENEWS CALL FOR ‘AFRICAN HIGH COMMAND '
ABO71745 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 7 Nov 86
[Victor Markin commentary]

[Text] The continued threats to peace in southern Africa by the activities
of apartheid South Africa and bandits and terrorists like the so-called
Mozambique Resistance and UNITA, who are actively supported by the racist re-
gime, occupy the minds of all true patriotic Africans, especially coming in
the wake of the recent mysterious death of Comrade Samora Machel. Renewed
pledges by the bandits not only to continue the sabotage of economic targets
in Mozambique but also to extend it to neighboring Zimbabwe should not be
taken lightly.

Jonas Savimbi, leader of the highway robbers, UNITA, after moaning and groan-
ing on his recent visit to France over alleged Soviet-Cuban adventurism in
Angola, now seems to have the confidence to go back and destroy more farms,
hospitals, railway lines, schools and so on. The independence of Namibia
continues to be in stalemate. So, the continent continues to be the playground
of mercenaries and their agents. It is now on record that the infamous Nkomati
Accord of March 1984, signed by Mozambique and racist Pretoria, could not in
reality convince anyone of its effectiveness right from the word go, because

it was executed under the threat of military and economic disruption by the
apartheid regime.

But what has been the response of Africa to the plight of states like Mozam-
bique, Lesotho, Botswana, and Angola, which continue to be pounded at will

by racist South African troops? After 23 years of its birth, the OAU should
be able to tackle its problems. Up to now, the idea of a continental African
government followed by economic independence to guarantee Africa the best
terms, as far as pricing for its badly needed industrial raw materials are
concerned, have been decried as utopian.

The African High Command, a very important force especially in the preservation
and protection of independent African countries, has not materialized. The

idea to mount an expeditionary force to tackle racist lan Smith after his
infamous unilateral declaration of independence in 1965 was described by some
African heads of state at that time as grandiose and impracticable. But how
about cooperation for a regional peace-keeping force now, in the face of all

the threats to social, economic, and political existence of most African states?

21



BOTSWANA

COMMENTARY URGES RSA TO 'SHUT UP’ ON CRASH

MBO71254 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1110 GMT 7 Nov 86

{Station commentary: "The Loud Noise"]

[Text] We have still not wiped away our tears at the death of Samora Machel
but Malan has returned to ‘the attack with the same threats now directed ‘not
just against Mozambique but against the whole of the Frontline. States. This
comment carried by the national Mozambican News Ageticy, ‘AIM, was a reaction

to a warning from the South African defense minister, General Magnus Malan,
that Frontline States which.continue to point -accusing finger at Pretoria over
President Samora Machel'g death were playing a dangerous game.

The emotion inherent in ‘the commentary is understandable taking.into account
the circumstances of President Machel's death inside South Africa only a week
after some South African leaders had issued a similar veiled warning against
Mozambique in general and the person of Samora Machel. .

As if this is not enough, South Africa has started making a lot of noise that
could very well undermine the whole principle of a fair and impartial investi-
gation into the plane crash that killed President Machel and 33 members of

his delegation. There is.a serious attempt. to shift the blame ‘to Mozambique.
Foreign Minister Pik Botha now says the presidential plane was obsolete, the
pilot was unprofessional, the electronic equipment was faulty, and the blood
sample of some of the crew members showed that they :were drunk. These are the
latest in a series of insinuations. Immediatély after the crash, Pretoria
suggested that the plane crashed due to bad weather and the pilot's.error of
judgment. Do the South Africans now wish to assume the role of first judge in
the whole affair? Can their role.in the official.investigation ‘be credible

when they have already started passing ‘judgment even before the investigations
begin?

If the hands of South Africa are clean,.as they say, why does Pretoria. appear
so defensive and preemptive? We believe that the less the South Africans talk
the better. As the ‘country where the plane crashed, as the first people to
arrive at the scene of the crash and having taken possession of the black
box, they are obviously a crucial component of the inquiry. For them:to pass
judgement before the inquest begins might prejudice the whole exercise. As
the matter is still subjudice, those participating in the inquiry at an
official level should shut up and rather let others talk. That is consistent

with the elementary principles of justice held sacrosanct by the civilized
world.

16662

17
cso: 3400/379



between the towns of Lichinga and Cuamba, whose districts are considered to
have been stricken and among the most heavily populated.

More critical situations are being experienced in the social institutions,
particularly the hospitals and schools of a boarding type, in which patients
and students even spend a day without meals in some instances, and have only
one meal, in others. This situation is reflected in the slight academic
achievement of the students, and in the ‘difficulty in curing the diseases
among patients whose bodies are weakened by lack of food.

The products sent already and yet.to be sent, which are as few as the prevail-
ing situation is serious, are a result of contributions from national organiza-
tions, state institutions, and humanitarian organizations; and they are aimed

at minimizing the tragic states of disease and malnutrition now affecting many
citizens, even in the vicinity of the town of Lichinga, the provincial capital.

Amos Mahanjane expressed the view that, if the aid to the population is not
immediate, there may be cases of fatalities, although never in proportions as
high as occurred in Inhambane and Gaza during 1983 and the subsequent years.

Amos Mahanjane claimed that if it were possible to ease the situation with
regular shipments of products to the province, the famine might last only until
the first harvest; inasmuch as the state sector is counting on producing the
maximum volume possible, if the weather conditions and other essential factors
are favorable for it. He disclosed that extensive areas have already been
prepared by state agricultural units in Mandimba and other locations in the
province, quoting reports provided by the provincial government.

In a recent statement on the famine situation in Niassa, the leader of this
province had estimated about 10,000 tons of grain as being the minimal require-
ment to aid the stricken population. The persons affected by famine represent
over half the province's inhabitants, estimated at more than 600,000, according
to the latest population census (1980).

To coordinate the operations to aid the province, Amos Mahanjane revealed that,
this week, an official of the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters
is due to goto Niassa, heading an emergency commission operating under the
provincial government's jurisdiction.

The famine in Niassa has affected eight of the 15 districts (according to the

new administrative division), namely, Lago, Sanga, Lichinga, Mecula, Guamba,
Metarica, Maua, and Mavago, in the north, northeast, and south.

2909
CSO: 3442/19

30


ANGOLA

JOURNALIST REPORTS ON SITUATION IN JAMBA
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 2 Oct 86 p 20
{Exclusive article by Frederic Proenca for TEMPO and LE POINT]

[Text] Paris--In Jamba, the “capital of liberated Angola“ in the heart of the
forest, the crowds were stamping their feet impatiently, raising clouds of
dust at this end of the dry season. Hundreds of people, from all four corners
of the country, were waiting for their “president,” Gen Jonas Malheiro
Savimbi, the unchallenged leader of the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola (UNITA), which has been in armed rebellion for 10 years
against the pro-Soviet regime established in Luanda. Shouts swelled, muffled
by the drum ruffles. Flanked by his complete general staff and surrounded by
guerrilla fighters armed with Kalashnikovs, Jonas Savimbi advanced toward the
dais. Wearing a green beret with the three stars of a general, a field
uniform and a Colt 45 with a marble grip at his belt, the “comrade president"
greeted the crowd. It was moment of rare satisfaction for him, because it
took him about 20 years to rally the supporters who acclaim him today.

Established on 13 March 1966, the UNITA began its battle against the
Portuguese alongside its present enemy--the Popular Movement for the
Liberation of Angola (MPLA), which is in power in Luanda. Independence was
won in 1975, but it was only a brief respite for the UNITA, which was to
serve in the coalition government established by the Portuguese for just a few
months. Defeated and deceived by the MPLA, which seized all the power under
the watchful eye of the Cubans and the Soviets, Jonas Savimbi became a
guerrilla fighter. The man who owes his guerrilla training to lessons from
his Chinese masters was then to pursue the path of his “friend,“ Mao Zedong.
The long march he began with 2,000 of his comrades led him to the Angolan
boundary, after a trek of 2,500 kilometers and 4 months of constant battle
against hunger, thirst and persecution by the Cubans. There, in these “lands
at the end of the earth,“ as the Portuguese called them, Jonas Savimbi counted
the remaining comrades--only 65. “I learned that women have greater endurance
than men," he recalls now.

On this day, inaugurating the sixth congress of his movement, Jonas Savimbi
could measure the distance covered. Delegates who came from the Angolan
capital for the first time could assure him of the increasing popular support
for the UNITA. His general staff painted a triumphal picture of the situation

12



Single Mum Walks Tightrope of Poverty

/13046
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3400/370

Mrs Clarissa Lottering,
of Oscar Court, Rose
Street, Claremont, walks
the tightrope called pov-
erty every day of her
life.

She is a single mother
with eight children who
receives a R240 State
pension.

This, she says, barely
covers monthly rent of
R47 and the cost of feed-
ing, clothing and educat-
ing her children.

Like many other Clare-
mont residents, Mrs Lot-
tering’s electricity ac-
count is in arrears and
she now owes R400 to the
municipality.

Her children, six of
whom. are still at school,
eat lunch at the Clare-
mont Community Centre
feeding scheme. For
breakfast .and supper
they often eat baby cere-
al, received from “Tannie

Martie”, mixed with
warm water.

NO WORK

“My eldest daughter
has only just found work.
My son, who finished
school, has tried for three
months to get on to the
truck taking men to town
to work for the munici-
pality,” she said referring
to a R5-a-day scheme in-
stituted with Department
of Manpower funding.

“I kept my youngest
away from -school the
day they went to the zoo.
I sold my vases to a
neighbour to raise the
R1,50 entrance fee but
then my daughter cried
because the other chil-
dren had packets of
sweets and she did not”. *

Mrs Lottering said
when she moved to
‘Claremont 13 years ago
her pension was R127.

71



aimed against the government are already hitting hard at the people of South
Africa.

It has already been estimated, to be sure, that if sanctions against South Af-
rica are applied to the full, a million people may be left jobless. Those who
inflict sanctions will be called to responsibility for this.

Democracy

One of the most outstanding remedies in former times was the emergence of South
Africans who would fight sanctions with both force and opinion, to circumvent
the sanction campaign and strengthen the South African economy. Their efforts
were of the utmost importance for economic as well as political reasons.

The close connection between politics and economics is responsible among other
reasons for the fact that successful democracies are established for the most
part in heavily industrialized countries with high standards of living.

Emergency Situation

The perpetrators of the sanctions have no defense against the accusation that
in applying their punitive measures they are actually working against the exten-
sion of democracy in South Africa.

At the same time, sanctions play right into the hands of the revolutionary for-
ces in their efforts to isolate South Africa in every domain, as the revolutio-
nary handbooks prescribe, while they are headed for a totalitarian state.

The circumvention of sanctions--a serious possibility--is thus one ingredient
in any successful anti-revolutionary actions taken in South Africa. In this
respect, the emergency situation that was declared on 12 June of this year also
plays a cardinal role.

Security measures constitute an important part of the actions invoked under the
terms of the emergency situation, but no less a public figure than Minister
Louis Le Grange recently pointed out the urgent need to improve the standard of
living of people in some colored neighborhoods.

The security forces--whose image in recent times has considerably improved, af-
ter a good deal of detrimental propaganda on the subject of "police brutality,"
horsewhip stampedes and so forth had been circulated--are cooperating with the

other authorities to make such neighborhoods more livable and secure.

It is a cumulative effort, including among other things the assurance that un-
employment will be reduced and the school situation normalized; that people will
feel secure upon seeing the visible maintenance of law and order and the resump-
tion of local administrative systems and socioeconomic counteraction programs.

A Shield

The emergency situation offers a framework and a shield for this effort. Con-
sequently, in security circles a strong feeling prevails that the emergency sit-
uation must not be prematurely set aside.

If this were to happen, the positive efforts of the last few months would per-
haps be wasted, especially because the revolutionary forces would resume their
attack with greater vehemence.

8117
cso: 3401/23 36


Parenthetically the position of the Catholic Church itself in Angola,
expressed not only through the pastoral letters of the bishops but also a
number of other indications), all indicate the desire to step up the process
of national reconciliation which has already been begun.

We think that all of this might, in the not very distant future, compel Jose
Eduardo dos Santos and the leaders of the MPLA to accept this patriotic offer
by the UNITA,

It is also important to note here that it will perhaps be necessary to
consider an increase in military pressure by the UNITA on the MPLA in order
for the MPLA regime to reach the unmistakable conviction that the war in
Angola cannot be won at any time, whatever the military aid to both of the
parties in conflict in Angola may be. This war cannot be won. On the
contrary, the longer it lasts, the higher the price in human lives will be.
The sooner the leaders on both sides become convinced of this, the better.

U.S. Aid to UNITA

[Question] Do you think that a meeting between Jose Eduardo dos Santos and
the American president, Ronald Reagan, might facilitate a platform for
agreement?

[Answer] I do not think at this time that a meeting between Jose Eduardo dos
Santos and the Americans could increase the possibility of negotiation in
Angola. However, we believe that any influence the international community
could exert on the Angolans, particularly the MPLA, would always be welcome,
above all in making this process of dialogue for national reconciliation
concrete.

However, it is important to bear in mind at this time that the MPLA is not
interested in making contact with the United States of America with a view to
a just and negotiated solution to the conflicts in Angola. The MPLA is still
seeking ways of acquiring greater military strength now, with a view to
prevailing not only in the organization of the country, but also for total
domination of the position in which the MPLA continues to rely on a military
solution for the country. We believe that this aspect is extremely negative.
The MPLA, or in this case Jose Eduardo dos Santos, wants to make contact with
President Reagan for the purpose of persuading the United States to abandon
its aid and military assistance to the resistance movement. We believe that
this is the main goal which is leading Jose Eduardo dos Santos to attempt to
establish this contact.

[Question] What do you think of the results of the summit meeting of
nonaligned countries in Harare, specifically with regard to the sanctions
imposed on South Africa?

[Answer] I believe that the conference of nonaligned nations held a short
time ago in Harare emphasized yet once again the paradox and the ambiguity to
be found in the attitudes of the so-called front line countries, which on the
one hand want to continue to cooperate with South Africa and to benefit from
their trade relations with or economic dependence on Pretoria, while at the



MOZAMBIQUE

TRAINING FOR PORT TECHNICIANS FINANCED BY UN, SWEDISH GROUP
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Oct 86 p 1

{Text] To enhance the understanding of port management in order to make more
acceleration possible in the reception and movement of cargo is the main goal
of a course started yesterday by the Port School in Maputo. For its implemen-
tation, the course has financing from the United Nations agency for the develop-
ment of trade and transportation [sic] (UNCTAD), and the Swedish Agency for
International Development (ASDI).

The two financing agencies collected the teaching materials to be used in the
course, specifically, audiovisual aides, reading materials, and booklets
containing exercises to consolidate the subject matter taught. The course
attendees will benefit from the use of slide projectors to introduce every
instructional unit. Based on the established plan, the classes will not be
merely explanatory, but will also include demonstrations on the very site of
port activity, so that the students may compare what they are learning with
the ideal activity and actual daily activity of port workers.

The 15 individuals participating in the course are in charge of port operations,
now with considerable experience. The course will be given by two technicians
from the financing agencies, with advisors from the Port School as aides. All
the course members are working in the port of Maputo, but three more members
are expected from the central and northern sections of the country. A port
worker from Guinea-Bissau is also participating.

Spirit of the Course

Qur reporter attended the slide projection of the introductory lesson, which
gave a detailed account of the feasibility of efficent activity in ports,
such as a reduction in operating costs, specifically offering the port the
opportunity to compete advantageously with others, as well as to provide
adequate service for exports of goods and contribute to their country's
economic prosperity.

The lesson points out that efficiency in port activity is related to the
quality of the use made of labor and the mechanical equipment in existence.

27



HONESTY TEST ADAPTED FOR NATION'S BLACK JOB-SEEKERS
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 19 Oct 86 p 6
[Article by Gerard van Niekerk]

[Text] AN HONESTY test specially de- developed from his studies

veloped for black job-seekers
has just been adapted for
South African conditions after

aimed at white, Asian and
coloured applicants, had
failed with blacks.

Called . the’ Selkon/Stanton test,
it is used as an “honesty
check” in employment inter-
views for a wide variety of
jobs. on

This simple pre-employment
check for honesty can also
pick up people who-have a
poor work history, drug and
alcohol problems and other

failings.

The scientific testing of this new
system was statistically an-
alysed by the Human Sciences
Research Council of the CSIR.
Its findings have shown a re-
markable degree of accuracy
— between 87 and 90 percent
of tests correctly identified an
honest or dishonest person.

A Chicago criminologist, Karl
Stanton Klump, developed a
simple paper-and-pencil ques- ;
tionaire and named it the
Stanton Survey. His test was

3400/371

with a polygraph — common-

ly known as the lie-detector.

But the Stanton Survey had
major drawbacks in South
Africa. While the American
approach worked extremely
well with South African
whites, coloureds and Asians,
the scoring system did not

~ ‘produce accurate results

‘when applied to blacks

“The :type of question in the
Stanton survey was aimed at
amore sophisticated «m-
ployee with a comprehensive
knowlege of the English lan-
guage,” said Mr Roy McFar-
lane, managing director of Fi-
delity Guards.

“In South Africa we had prob-
lems, because black appli-
cants spoke one of the many
African laguages, and did not
fully understand the ques-

tions.

“The American questionaire
placed more emphasis on
:drug and fraud-related ques-
tions which did not fully apply
in all the South African
cases.”

A South African clinical psy-
chologist and manager of
Polygraph Consultants of Fi-

63

-—

SOUTH AFRICA

delity Guards, Brenda Selkon,
studied the Stanton System
and rewrote it over five

A new scoring system was de-
veloped and, with the help of
academics, the test was care-
fully translated into a variety
of African
nal Stanton System is based
on facts.relating.to many
thousands of persons of all
types who have been poly-
graphed in America.

“It seems the thinking of hon-
est people is not at all the
same as that of dishonest peo-

ple,

“Trends of thought were catalo-
gued to develop the Stanton
Survey. Our new system is
predictive in nature and has a
high degree of accuracy,” she

Fidelity Gaurds also run a full
polygraph service directed by
a trained professional clini-
cal psycologist.

This system has been con-
demned by trade unions who
frown on the use of “lie-detec-
tors” in employment inter-

~ views. :



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

YOUTHS USE RADIOS TO GUARD TOWNSHIPS~-Under the nose of security forces,
Durban comrades have thrown their own tight security system around townships-—
to protect activists and leaders against "night raiders". As youths can't
freely patrol the streets during the emergency, they use electronics--township-
wide two-way radio networks co-ordinate all movements at night. Volunteers in
twos or threes operate two-hour shifts from 9pm to 5am to guard township
entrances. They intercept and investigate entering vehicles. Recently
journalists testing the "guard system" were suddenly surrounded by armed
youths--but after explaining their mission they were allowed on. Meanwhile,
patrolling Casspirs, Buffels and other army vehicles rumbled up and down--
unaware that they were working side by side with comrades on guard for
different purposes. [By S'Bu Mngadi] [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in
English 26 Oct 86 p 2] /13046

KWANDEBELE GOVERNMENT FACES SUIT--Fourteen men are demanding R195 000 damages
from the kwaNdebele homeland government for alleged assault and. unlawful
detention. Affidavits were filed by the 14 through a Pretoria lawyer impli-
cate Chief Minister Simon Skosana, Minister of Law and Order Fanie Mahlangu,
Minister of Works K Motshwene, member of parliament George Mahlangu, the late
Piet M Ntuli, who was Minister of Interior, and certain unknown MPs. The
complainants are Amos Masobuka, Timothy Kubheka, Patrick Mngidi, John
Masilela, John Mathena, David Sithole, Jimmy Mahlangu, David Ntuli, January
Jiyane, Kleinboy Sibanyoni, Lucas and Sipho Skhosana. Their affidavits allege
that on May 18 this year, a number of kwaNdebele government MPs kidnapped and
took them to a camp known as Vaalbank where they were allegedly assaulted,
made to trample on burning coal, dipped in a river, and among other things,
forced to sing a song praising Imbokodo and the late Ntuli. They charged that
the kwaNdebele government is responsible for "these dastardly, gruesome and
callous deeds in that it encouraged, supported and assisted directly or
indirectly through its members of the executive council in the perpetration
of the kidnappings, assault and other related acts". The affidavits added
that "at all times, the kwaNdebele government was aware that the acts were
unlawful and could not be justified by law or regulation." The lawyer
representing the 14 said the kwaNdebele government had 21 days to pay the
demanded amount or face court action. [Text] [Johannesburg THE NEW NATION
in English 23 Oct-5 Nov 86 p 5] /13046 :

65



ANC FORGES TIES WITH SINHALESE--Colombo--Sri Lanka's extremist Sinhalese have
forged close links with the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa
and the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua, a Sri Lanka newspaper reported
yesterday. The independent group's "weekend" newspaper, quoting unnamed
police sources, said the ANC was in close contact with the Sinhalese Marxist
Janatha Vimukthi Peruma (people's revolutionary front) whose leader Mr
Rohanna Wijeweera is a Lumumba University graduate from Moscow. Mr
Wijeweera~-now in hiding--launched a Sinhalese Marxist insurgency in 1971

in which more than 20 000 people were killed. He is believed now to be
supporting the Tamil rebellion in which more than 4 500 people have been
killed during the past three years. Tamil extremists, also Marxist, have
launched a bloody war in an effort to try to carve out a separate Tamil
state in the island of 16 million people.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 20 Oct 86 p 4] /13046

FUNDS FOR BLACK HOUSING--The minister of constitutional development and plan-
ning, Mr Chris Heunis, has announced that 3 million rands has been made avail-
able with immediate effect for the upgrading of, and for housing projects in,
black suburbs of Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage. He was speaking in Port Eliza-
beth after holding talks with the (Ibaya) town council, and visiting various
townships. Mr Heunis also announced that regulations affecting Walmer since
1960 would be lifted, and that residents would be permitted to remain living
there. This financial year 1 million rands would be made available for the up-
grading of the living conditions of residents of the township. An additional
1 million rands would go towards housing in (Ibayi). The money was over and
above the 273 million rands made available under the (Reed) plan. Mr Heunis
said that 1 million rands would also be earmarked to meet immediate housing
needs at motherwell near Port Elizabeth. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Ser-
vice in English 1600 GMT 24 Oct 86 MB] /12232

TRICAMERAL PARLIAMENT DISMANTLING URGED--Feshego, Pietersburg, 24 October,
SAPA--The South African tricameral parliament has failed and should be dis-
mantled and a multi-racial party be formed to represent everyone in the coun-
try, the Lebowa chief minister, Dr C.N. Phatude, said here today. Speaking at
the laying of the foundation stone of the R9 million Feshego hospital near
Pietersburg, Dr Phatudi referred to Nelson Mandela as a statesman, leader of
high quality and a lawyer "but not a‘communist as other people regarded him to
be." He also referred to exiled ANC president, Mr Oliver Tambo, as a Christian
and an educationist of "high standard." He called on the government to release
Mandela unconditionally and to unban the ANC so that Mandela and Mr Tambo could
participate in the decision making process in South African politics. Dr Phatudi
added: "Indians and coloureds should resign from parilament because their
participation strengthens apartheid in the country." He also said that parties
and organisations like the National Party, progressive Federal Party, the Lebowa
People's Party and Inkatha divided South Africans. "However," he said, "I am
still opposed to sanctions. The outside world should also stop interferring in
South African affairs." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1344 GMT 24 Oct
86 MB] /12232

CSO: 3400/307

66



LIBERIA

RECONCILIATION TALK PROGRESS DISCUSSED
NDPL Urges Talk Resumption
AB060958 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 2000 GMT 5 Nov 86

[Text] The National Democratic Party of Liberia [NDPL], has called on the
opposition Liberia Unification Party [LUP] and Liberia Action Party [LAP] to
return to the reconciliatory talks currently being held under ‘the auspices

of the goodwill ambassadors. The. call was contained in a statement read today
by NDPL Vice Chairman Francis Allan Horton at the party headquarters in
Sinkor. In the statement, Mr Horton expressed regrets over the decision of
LAP and LUP to withdraw from the talks at this time when efforts were being
made to draft a memorandum of understanding among the four party representa-
tives at the talks.

Mr Horton, who is chairman of the NDPL's delegation to the talks, assured the
two parties of the NDPL's support and cooperation at the talks and urged them
to return to it so that together we can seek peace and unity through dialogue
and cooperation. Mr Horton then outlined a number of steps which he said the
NDPL undertook and which the leadership of President Samuel Kanyon Doe has
initiated to bring about a favorable atmosphere in the country and ensure peace
and unity of all citizens. Mr Horton cited repeated appeals by President Doe
to Liberians abroad to return home and contribute to the task of nation build-
ing and return passports to citizens to facilitate their free travel in and
out of the country and the present and past efforts of the Liberian Council of
Churches to hold reconciliatory talks among all political parties in the
country as efforts being made to bring peace to the country.

Mr Horton commended the goodwill ambassadors for their efforts to reconcile
differences between the various political parties in the country, and urged
them to continue to refertilize the routes to success in this land.

Mr Horton also praised the Unity Party for their participation in the talks.
Chairman Horton has, meanwhile, explained that the decision of the NDPL
to.(2comment) publicly on the reconciliation talks was based on the demand of
NDPL members and foreign friends who have expressed interest in the talks.

24



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

EEC AID FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION--The European Economic Community has
granted a loan of 24.8 million ECUs (around 25 million dollars) to start

on three stretches of the Northern Corridor route. Two are located in
Uganda, from Kampala to Masaka and Kabale to Gatuma and the Rwandan border,
while the third is in Rwanda from Gatuma to Biumba in the direction of
Kigali. EEC aid for the east African road system is concentrated on the
Northern Corridor (Mombasa—Nairobi~Kampala-Kigali-Bujumbura) and the Central
Corridor (Dar es-Salaam-Kigoma-Bujumbura-Kigali via the future railhead of
Isaka, and Dar es-Salaam-Mwanza-Jinga in Uganda). [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 18 Oct 86 p 5] /13046

CSO: 3400/374



Magabheni Chief Seeks Cease-fire Between UKF, Inkatha
(THE NEW NATION, 23 Oct-5 Nov 86) ..... Beene eee ere een eens

Indaba Body 'Not Political Party'
(THE STAR, 30 Oct 86) ....

Tembisa Homeless Invade Empty Land
(Mark Swilling; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 31 Oct-6 Nov 86) ..

Honesty Test Adapted for Nation's Black Job-Seekers
(Gerard van Niekerk; THE SUNDAY STAR, 19 Oct 86) .

First Black Professor for UCT Named
(THE STAR, 28 Oct 86) ..

Briefs
Youths Use Radios To Guard Townships
KwaNdebele Government Faces Suit
ANC Forges Ties With Sinhalese
Funds for Black Housing
Tricameral Parliament Dismantling Urged

ECONOMIC

19986

Increase in Close Corporations Offers Hope During Recession
(Malcolm Fothergill; THE SAUNDAY STAR, 19 Oct 86) ......+-

Nation's Jobless Could Reach 3.3 Million
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 19 Oct 86) .ecccccceeeeeeeceeeee seeeeeee

More Reef Families Go Hungry
(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 27 Oct 86) ..... bce e ee eeeeeecnee

Call To Make Port Elizabeth Duty-Free Port
(THE STAR, 29 Oct 86) .ecccecevecevcececees seceeeeeeees ee

60

61

62

67

69

70

72



on the fronts, while a giant blowup of the photograph taken during his meeting
with President Ronald Reagan last January, facing him, bore witness to his
victories on the diplomatic front.

“We are in a position of strength today,” the leader of the UNITA explained to
LE POINT. “Moreover, we are ready to negotiate with the MPLA immediately. I
will even go further. During the sixth congress, the decision to abandon the
prior condition we had set for the holding of any negotiations~-the withdrawal
of the Cubans--was adopted.” Definitely sure of himself, Jonas Savimbi also
made it clear that these negotiations will be held “within a few months."
Such certainty is indeed not new. The UNITA has always talked about the
prospect of negotiations. This time, however, Jonas Savimbi firmly believes
in the imminent defeat of the MPLA. “The resignation of the leader of the
ranks of the pro~Soviet hard Line, General Carrera, commander of the air force
and general of the Soviet army, is undeniable proof of the weakness and splits
within the MPLA. Moreover, our unofficial talks with some of its leaders
indicate that the situation has never been so favorable for us."

However, the government in Luanda has consistently denied these claims,
stating that it has never had any contact with the “puppet of Pretoria,”
South Africa, the embarrassing ally whose considerable influence Jonas Savimbi
tries to minimize, supplies the UNITA (when it is not intervening directly)

with equipment, spare parts, vehicles and, more prosaically, beer, cigarettes
and toilet paper.

“On 9 August," Jonas Savimbi says in his own defense, “the UNITA Launched a
preventive attack against the MPLA at Cuito Canavalo, on the southern front.
Twelve radar installations were destroyed, while trucks and tanks suffered the
same fate. The government in Luanda hastened to accuse South Africa of being
behind the operation. Pure propaganda. Not even a single South African was
involved. Moreover, the MPLA, which says it captured South African soldiers,
has never been able to prove it." Jonas Savimbi gets excited about this
subject, particularly delicate for his movement, which is charged with
complicity with apartheid. “This is ridiculous," he exclaims, “It is absurd
to accuse a black of wanting to introduce apartheid in his own country.”
“apart from this," Gen Tito Chinguji, the number three man in the UNITA adds,
“apartheid cannot be exported, while communism can."

And yet the UNITA owes its survival to the last-minute intervention of South
African planes last year. Fearing an MPLA offensive on the northern front,
Savimbi had concentrated the bulk of his troops there. In fact, the
government's army initiated a forceful attack at Cuito Canavalo, in the
southern part of the country, a strategic point which controls access to the
area dominated by the UNITA and its capital, Jamba. Caught ina trap, Jonas
Savimbi had only one choice--to summon his South African “friends” to his aid.
An airlift was immediately organized to transport the UNITA soldiers to the
south, Last 21 August, Savimbi officially denied these reports to foreign
newsmen. Later, he confirmed that they were correct. In fact, the UNITA has
made gains this year, with the preventive attack launched at Cuito Canavalo on
9 August.

13



MPLA Increasingly Demoralized

[Question] Concretely, were some steps taken with regard to more detailed
publicizing of what the UNITA is doing and what it is?

[Answer] Indeed. Beyond the military aspects, there is a whole complex of
socio-political-economic factors in the life experience of our population--the
intensity of the operations launched by Luanda; the participation of groups
like the SWAPO in Namibia in the armed struggle against the people alongside
the FAPLA, above all in the central part of the country; the continuing
mutilations; the hunger; the poverty which can be seen everywhere. I must
emphasize the demoralization which has grown worse within the armed forces of
the MPLA, and the ever increasing presence of Cuban mercenaries. These were
aspects which the congress saw fit to emphasize and which, because they are
real, should be noted.

On the other hand, the UNITA is not merely engaged in a process of armed
struggle. We have schools, we are self-sufficient in food, we have farm
projects, clinics, and a whole complex of infrastructures, of which, in our
view, the international. community should. be made aware. Therefore, the
congress saw fit to strengthen the exchange between our mission abroad and the
interior of the country.

The information secretariat was thus strengthened and divided into a section
devoted to domestic information and information oriented toward foreign
countries. We also plan to ensure more efficient use of our radio
broadcasting station which, although it is not very powerful, we think could
help to transmit our message to the rest of the country and to the adjacent
nations.

More Contact Between UNITA and MPLA

[Question] With the rise of Jose Eduardo dos Santos to power in Angola, has
can any difference be seen now in the conduct of the MPLA, or does the
relationship remain the same?

[Answer] We think that Jose Eduardo dos Santos must now be realizing his
weakness in view of the decadence and deterioration of the socioeconomic
conditions in the country, the demoralization of the armed forces and the
total lack of freedom for the leaders of the MPLA to act independently of the
paternalism or ever more weakening presence of the Russians and the Cubans.

We think that the realization of all this by the MPLA; plus the
intensification of the armed struggle in the country itself, should lead it to
think increasingly about the need for national reconciliation.

I do not mean to say thereby that there are concrete indications of the
readiness of the MPLA to negotiate with us at this time, but we think that, on
the one hand, the increase in the indications and the increase in the contacts
discreetly arranged between UNITA and MPLA officials, and on the other hand,
the clear desire of the overwhelming majority of the Angolan citizens to
accept the process of national reconciliation (I should perhaps note here



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

CLOSING DATE FOR OIL BIDS EXTENDED--The Ethiopian authorities have extended
from October 30 this year to January 30 next the closing date for bids for
the 24 offshore and onshore blocks for oil prospecting. Only the closing
date for the attribution of Block 8 in the Ogaden, where Soviet experts have
already been working, was kept as originally planned at October 10. [Text]
[Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 18 Oct 86 p 6] /13046

cso: 3400/374

19



020076

JPRS-SSA-86-119
2 DECEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

“fe9e0213 159

DTIC QuaLrry IistESrED 3

ON STATEMENT A

Approved for public release;
Distribution Unlimited

FBIS; FOREIGN BROADCAST INFOR ION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED D BY
i U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL a
| INFORMATION SERVICE 15
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 -



According to the report of the plan staff submitted at the Fourth Session of
the Provincial Government, other sectors, namely, those of agroindustry and
metal-working, had low production rates, owing mainly to the destabilizing
action of the armed bandits and the meager supply of raw materfals.

The diversion of priorities in material supplies to meet new needs, and the
poor administration of projects are other factors which had an effect on the
non-fulfillment of goals, particularly in the construction field.

2909
CsO: 3442/19

42



Specific Appeal to Portugal

[Question] How does the UNITA view the actions of Portugal either with regard
to South Africa or to the policy in southern Africa?

[Answer] In launching this new offensive and these new initiatives oriented
toward peace and national reconciliation, the UNITA is making an appeal to the
international community, urging it to encourage the Angolans to participate in
this peace process. And I would like to emphasize and underline not only the
historic responsibility which still falls to Portugal, but also the critical
role Portugal must play in making this same process of peace and national
reconciliation in our country viable. Whatever the desire on other levels of
the international community may be, whatever the desire of the Western powers
to encourage the Angolans may be, we believe that the example and the attitude
of Portugal will be indispensable. For this very reason, our appeal now is
directed very particularly and specifically to the Portuguese leaders, whom we
urge to take our new patriotic initiative seriously. This is for the benefit
of the Angolans, but also and more importantly still, to safeguard the very
ideals and socio-political-economic interests of Portugal and the entire
international community with regard to Angola. Also, in making this appeal to
Portugal, to the West and to the entire international community, we emphasize
that the cessation of hostilities in Angola, the creation of the conditions
for peace and stability must not in any case be brought about to the detriment
of the countries which are at this time involved in armed conflict. By this
we mean that only peace and national reconciliation can safeguard the
interests of all of the countries which, for better or for worse, are involved
in the armed conflict. Therefore, the role which Portugal can play at this
time must never be characterized as a pro-UNITA or pro-MPLA role. It is a
pro~Angolan, pro~Portuguese role.

[Question] Have the relations between Portugal and the UNITA developed in an
acceptable way?

[Answer] Portugal has diplomatic relations with the MPLA regime and it must
safeguard its own democratic conquests, with a view to the greater aspirations
and interests of the Portuguese people themselves. We believe that the mass
media, the bodies which shape public opinion, and Portuguese journalists
themselves have an interest in knowing what the reality of our country is,
within this context. It is absolutely not a question of friendly and
privileged relations with us, for it is with the MPLA that the Portuguese
government has diplomatic relations, and it is within the context of its own
right to democracy and freedom that we too are heard.

Apartheid and Foreign Oppression

[Question] You made a comment to me in Harare to the effect that the
Portuguese are mistaken if they believe that either the RENAMO (which does not
come into this matter) or the UNITA, if they were to win power one day, would
pursue a pro~Portuguese policy. They would, on the contrary, seek only to
pursue a pro-South African policy. _Do you want to comment on this statement?



same time seeking to encourage other countries to implement the sanctions.
They insist that that sanctions could speed up the dismantling of apartheid,
but at the same time they are asking that they be exempted from any
requirement to apply these sanctions. We think that for as long as this
ambiguity, this paradox, persists, the sanctions will not have any impact
insofar as many of these countries do not agree to implement them. The
sanctions will result in a deterioration in the situation in these adjacent
countries.

Open Hostility on the Part of Zambia
[Question] As to Zambia, how do you view its attitude in support of the MPLA?

[Answer] I do not know if the congress emphasized once again that despite the
good neighbor policy which the UNITA continues to pursue and apply in relation
to all the adjacent countries, the UNITA recognizes its duty and its
obligation to react firmly to any foreign provocation. For on a number of
occasions, we have had concrete proof of the intention of the Zambian
government, of President Kenneth Kaunda more specifically, to allow its
territory to be used by the MPLA, the Cubans and the Russians in their actions
against the areas liberated by the UNITA.

We believe that at a time when the UNITA controls the whole of the Zambian
frontier, when the frontier population on the Zambian side is benefiting from
the trade exchange with Angola through the trade channels established by the
UNITA directly, at a time when this trade~-the purchase of fish, of grains, of
various foodstuffs for the frontier population in Zambia~-is being carried out
solely thanks to the goodwill of the UNITA, we cannot understand how President
Kaunda can continue to move along a path of open hostility toward us.

Currently the UNITA is adequately equipped, and our armed forces are by far
superior, both in numbers and in terms of equipment, to the Zambian army. In
any open conflict between the UNITA and Zambia, Zambia would obviously lose.
We would not by any means like to enter into an open conflict with a sister
country, a neighboring country. For this reason, the congress warned
President Kaunda and the Zambian government once again of the need to put an
end to this atmosphere of tension which now exists.

[Question] But if in fact there were a deterioration, wouldn't the UNITA be
in danger, wouldn't the zones liberated by the UNITA be threatened? You say
that the UNITA is more powerful in a military sense than the Zambian army
itself, but wouldn't a joint action by Zambia and the MPLA, the Cubans and the
Russians put what the UNITA has already won in peril?

[Answer] I think that the use of Zambia by the MPLA, the Cubans and the
Russians would only exacerbate the conflict, carrying it more decisively
beyond the Angolan frontier. This would not necessarily cause the UNITA
greater damage, although we would in this case have to fight the enemy on two
fronts. We think that the final result of all of this would work to the
detriment of the entire region rather than to the benefit of our side and
Zambia.



SOUTH AFRICA

STOIC ACCEPTANCE OF SANCTIONS, CIRCUMVENTING MEASURES
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 18 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Dawie: "Ordeal by Fire Ensures that South Africa Will Come Out
All the Stronger for Having Passed through it"]

[Text] The ways in which so many South Africans face up to the most recent
sanction attempts with what amounts to a stoic attitude, and put into operation
plans to sidestep those sanctions, tells a great deal about the nation and its

people.

The country is undergoing an ordeal by fire--in the midst of a state-of-
emergency that is already four months old now, while being threatened by stiffer
sanctions than ever before.

The Unemployed

The negative effects of the sanctions have already begun to be felt, especially
after the nation's debtors, under the leadership of the American banks, began
to call in their loans.

Foreign investments, which began to dry up in the aftermath, were one of the
most notable causes of growing unemployment in South Africa. That unemployment
is already evident, leaving behind a trail of dejection in the hardest-hit
areas of the country, the Rand, the East Cape and the Cape plains.

Still Worse

There, people hang aimlessly about, children are hungry, tenants fall behind in
their rent payments, crime and violence reign’ unchallenged--in short, the back-
ward residential districts that struggle along in a poverty-ridden culture.

Out of such districts come tales of sickness and woe.

The unemployment to which the sanctions have contributed is clearly a searing
indictment against those who have helped bring them on, and that includes local
church leaders and others who pleaded for sanctions.

For they will have to take the responsibility for the worst possible consequen-

ces if their unrelenting positions lead to stiffer sanctions that may cause
still greater unemployment and misery. It is clear that sanctions ostensibly

55



MOZAMBIQUE

STUDENTS TAKE COURSES IN IRRIGATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Sep 86 p 8

Ztext_/ With the launching this month in Maputo of the fourth
course on motorpump operation and maintenance and the start-up at the
end of the year of theoretical-practical classes to qualify extension-
program monitors in several of the country's provinces, the cycle of
the three areas of training including upper, middle and lower levels
designed to train experts in irrigation comes to a close. NOTICIAS
found out on Monday from reliable sources that the first project is
sponsored by the Secretariat of State for Agricultural Hydraulics
(SEHA) and the National Water Board (DNA), and the second by SEHA and
the United Nations Fund for Food and Agriculture (FAO).

Since the creation of the Secretariat of State for Agricultural
Hydraulics three years ago, courses have been given for sprinkler
irrigation agents, operation and maintenance of motorpumps, plant
protection, accountants, nature preservation, agricultural administra-
tion and planning, erosion prevention, and topography, among others.

The people with whom we talked explained that, up to the proclamation
of national independence, there were nearly 50,000 hectares of
irrigated areas in the country, located mostly in Chokwe, covering

a surface area of nearly 16,000 hectares. The remaining 30,000
served the sugar-cane fields of MARAGRA, Incomati, Buzi, Mafambisse,
Luabo, and Marromeu for planting sugar cane and other crops currently
considered priority crops.

"Since then," the sources said, "approximately 31,500 hectares have
been incorporated. This propelled us to open a new teaching area:
that of professional training on different levels."

So, only at the beginning of this decade were we able to introduce
into the School of Agriculture of Eduardo Mondlane University an
endowed chair on irrigation, with the support of the University of
Nageningen, in the kingdom of Holland. The launching of these
programs is mentioned starting in 1984.

At the middle level, there exists an agreement between the Secretariats
of State for Agricultural Hydraulics (SEHA) and of Technical and
Professional Teaching (SETEP) to train personnel who can then enter
irrigation programs as well as water supply programs. In the specific

38



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

MUSLIM GROUP COMPLAINS OF HARASSMENT--The (?Repentist) Muslims of Liberia have
appealed to the Ministry of Justice to intervene in a dispute between members
of the organization and local authorities of Grand Capemount County. In a let-
ter to Justice Minister Jenkins Scott on Tuesday, the leader of the (?Repent~
ist) Muslims of Liberia, (Abdullah Tunis), complained that some members of his
organization were tortured, molested, and detained upon the orders of Capemount
County. According to the LIBERIA NEWS AGENCY [LINA], (Tunis) has asked the
Justice Ministery to intervene in the matter because he said (Repentist)
Muslims in the village have continually been molested by local authorities from
(Teoh) District. LINA said efforts to contact the Capemount superintendent by
telephone proved futile. [Text] [Monrovia Domestic Service in English 2100
GMT 6 Nov 86 AB] /6662

GULF ATTACKS ON NEUTRAL SHIPS--Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Nov 6 (AFP)--Liberia's
commissioner of maritime affairs, George Cooper, has expressed grave concern
over missile attacks on ships registered in his country, in hostilities hbe-
tween Iran and Iraq. In a broadcast on church-sponsored Radio ELWA, monitored
in the Ivory Coast, he urged shipowners to exercise patience. The situation
in the Gulf was "far beyond the control of maritime nations." Mr Cooper, home
from New York where he attended a meeting of the Liberian Ship Owners Council,
said his country was prepared to join any friendly government in speaking out
against unprovoked attacks on neutral ships. So far this year, 17 Liberian-
registered tankers totalling around 3.7 million tonnes representing three per-
cent of the fleet had been attacked. Liberian authorities had earlier pro-
tested to the Iraqi and Iranian Governments, stressing the right of free pas-
sage for neutral ships. In September, government officials raised the issve
at the nonaligned summit in Harare and through its chairmanship of the Council
of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). [Text] [Paris AFP
in English 1054 GMT 6 Nov 86 AB] /6662

EYADEMA SENDS MESSAGE TO DOE--Togolese Foreign Minister Atsu Amega today de~
livered a special message from President Gnassinghe Eyadema to President Samuel
Kanyon Doe. Contents of the message were not revealed, but Presidential Press
Secritary Patrick Koomey said they were believed to center on regional issues
and matters of interest. to Togo and Liberia. The Togolese foreign minister
was accompanied to the Executive Mansion by Foreign Minister Bernard Blamo

and Chief of Protocol. Adolphus During. [Text] [Monrovia Domestic Service in
English 2100 GMT 7 Nov 86 AB]  /6662

cso: 3400/384
26



MACHEL LEAVES LEGACY OF 'UNWINNABLE WAR"

MOZAMBIQUE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Review) in English 26 Oct 86 ppl, 4

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

OZAMBIQUE’S embattled
Frelimo government was
in a state of crisis before Presi-

dent Samora Machel was killed.

His death has now plunged it
into what might be called a
super-crisis.

As the President’s body lies in
state in Maputo, awaiting burial
on Tuesday, the Frelimo politi-
cal bureau is confronting deci-
sions that will profoundly affect
the country’s immediate and
long-term future.

What it decides could bring
radical change to one-party
Marxist Mozambique.

First on the politburo’s order
of business is to mourn, inter
and suitably honour the bouncy
little freedom fighter who
steered the former Portuguese
territory through its first 11
years of independence.

But Machel’s era has come to
a close and a new one is begin-
ning. The politburo’s prime con-
cern now is to try to dictate the
shape and direction of the post-
Machel era.

To a considerable extent, this
will be decided by the choice of
Machel’s successor.

Machel’s sudden death must
have brought to a head a long-
simmering conflict between the
left and right wings of Mozam-
bique’s only legal party, a strug-
gle not only over ideology and
economic policy, but also over
*the waging of the guerilla war.

Whichever way the war is
looked at, there is no doubt that
Frelimo has been losing it. In
the most extreme interpreta-
tion, the very life of the Frelimo
government is at stake.

What to do about the war is
therefore’ the. biggest single
issue facing the party's 140-
member central committee,
which ostensibly shapes party
policy, and the 11-member polit-
buro, which does.

The politburo’s choice of pres-
ident to succeed Machel could
give a pointer to how it proposes
to tackle the war issue and will
certainly influence, if not dic-
tate, the actions that will be
taken from now on.

The crucial question is wheth-
er to end the fighting by reach-
ing a political settlement with
the Mozambican National Resis-
tance (MNR) movement or to
carry on trying to crush or con-
tain it militarily, in the face of
the harsh reality that the rebels
are going from strength to
strength while the chances of
Frelimo getting effective out-
side help remain slim.

What makes a deal with the
MNR so hard for Frelimo to
swallow is that it almost cer-
tainly would involve a compro-
mise with Frelimo’s Marxist-
Leninist ideology. .

To outside observers the fail-
ure of that ideology is abundant-
ly illustrated by Mozambique’s

43

unchecked slide into poverty
and growing hardship for its
13 million people. Frelimo puts
the blame on the war, which
now eats up half of the national
budget, and particularly on
South Africa for allegedly pre-
venting the defeat of the rebels
by continuing to supply them.

Deviating from basic Marxist
tenets would be painful, for they
are deeply cherished by the po-
litburo.

When the Frente de Liberta-
cao de Mocambique was formed
in Dar es Salaam in 1962 by the
merger of three smaller move-
ments, it had no Marxist or, in-
deed, any well-defined ideologi-
cal hue.

This remained the case when
Frelimo first resorted to arms
in 1964 to end rule from Portu-
gal. It was a liberation move-
ment rather than a political
party, and a relatively small
one, with fewer than 3000 com-
batants after 10 years in the
bush.

The Marxist colouring came
partly from the fact that the So-
viet Union, Czechoslovakia and
Communist China were the
countries most ready to supply
the Frelimo guerillas with
weapons.

As the movement becamé-
more confident of actually suc-
ceeding in overthrowing Portu-
gal’s rule, the question of the
policy to be adopted after inde-
pendence came to the fore.



UPP Welcomed Into Political Arena
AB061215 Monrovia. Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 5 Nov 86

[Text] The chairman of the National Democratic Party of Liberia [NDPL],
Keikura Kpoto, has assured members of the opposition of a clean and fair
fight in the ensuing municipal and legislative by-elections. Speaking
yesterday on the second day of.the first national congress of the United Peo-
ple's Party [UPP] at the Monrovia city hall, Senator Kpoto said the admission
of the UPP into the political arena was an indication of the NDPL government's
willingness to coexist with the opposition. According to today's edition of
the DAILY OBSERVER newspaper, Chairman Kpoto said the NDPL government would

welcome many opposition parties in the country for realisation of meaningful
development projects.

/6662
cso: 3400/383

25



TEMBISA HOMELESS INVADE EMPTY LAND

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 31 Oct-6 Nov 86 p 16

[Article by Mark Swilling]

[Text]

113046
cso: 3400/3721
4 i

ABOUT 3000 homeless Tembisa
tesidents decided last Saturday to take
the massive housing shortage into
their own hands. They convergeé on
empty land in the middle of the
township to erect shacks.

With the help of the Te:nbisa
Working Committee (TWC) -— the
local UDF-affiliated civic association
— squatiers began to mark ovit sites at
6.30am and then allocated on¢ to each
family.

However, at midday, Security
Forces surrounded the squatters and
gave them five minutes to disperse.
Yesterday morning there was a mass
arrest of a few hundred squatters on
the site.

Tembisa has. an_ unofficial

population of at least 220 000 people, *

40.000 more than the amount the
township was originally designed to
cater for. The authorities have
consistently refused to build
additional houses in Tembisa.

Overcrowding has reached crisis
proportions as Tembisa’s 40 00t-
homeless people struggle. to build
shelters for themselves by building
shacks in backyards, renting rooms
and outbuildings. The TWC argues
the solution lies in making available
unoccupied land in Tembisa for
houses. .

According to a representative of the
TWC, whenever residents have
applied for houses, the councillors and
officials of the East Rand

62

Development Board (ERDB) have
pointed out that there is no money for
housing construction. “People went to
the council to ask for houses, but
instead they were given waiting lists.
They were promised houses. But some
have waited éight years for a house.”

However, residents point out that
the income derived by ERDB from
their monthly rentals was spent on the
construction of outlying “model
townships” like Ekangala near Brits
and not “on houses for the people of
Tembisa”. -

The decision by Tembisa’s squatters
to occupy empty land follows a series
of recent events. A few months ago,
the authorities decided to house

; migrant workers and members of the
'“community guard” in four-roomed
houses that had been built for families.
Angry squatter families decided to
occupy 100 of the completed houses in
Ethafeni section and Timong section.

These families were repeatedly
arrested and fined for illegally
occupying the buildings. Eventually,
the local officials gave the Timong
families permits to occupy the houses
and continued to attempt to eject the
families in Ethafeni section. ‘This
failed to dislodge the occupants.

Recently, the authorities have tried
to urge the families to allow
community guards to occupy at least
one room in each of the houses, a
suggestion that was also widely
Tejected.



ANGOLA

UNITA OFFICIAL DISCUSSES DOMESTIC, INTERNATIONAL ISSUES
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 2 Oct 86 pp 18-19

[Interview with. UNITA Vice President Jeremias Chitunda by Handel de Oliveira;
date and place not given]

[Text] The issues of peace and national reconciliation in Angola were the
predominant themes at the congress of the UNITA, Eng Jeremias Chitunda said in
an interview granted to TEMPO while he was passing through in Lisbon. At that
congress, Chitunda was elected vice president of the movement headed by
Savimbi. According to what this number two man in the hierarchy of the UNITA
told us, this post was established to “measure up to the growth and expansion
of the struggle and the various responsibilities we must deal with in view of
this war.”

[Question] I will begin by asking you to tell me something about the congress
which has just be held. Were there surprising decisions, or did everything
develop routinely?

[Answer] The Sixth Regular Congress of the UNITA was held from 26 to 31
August in Jamba, and 2,200 delegates representing all of the provinces of the
country and our mission abroad participated. The congress took up the
domestic and foreign situations, made an assessment of what has been done in
the past 4 years, and drafted a new program and new goals to be achieved
within the coming years. The perseverance with which the congress addressed
the question of peace and national reconciliation in our country, thereby
establishing the peace platform which sets forth the basic conditions for
achieving dialogue and national reconciliation, should be stressed. This
platform, as was to be expected, is most directly addressed to our comrades in
the MPLA in Luanda, and it obviously appeals to the international bodies to
encourage the Angolans to undertake their internal process of national
reconciliation. The congress also took up certain internal aspects of the
movement's structure, particularly the information sector, which received very
special attention. I think that the process of struggle has developed so much
that at this time, there are are so many elements and so much data about which
the international community is being ill-informed, although there is now a
better understanding of the complexity of the struggle.



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA CLAIMS CONTROL OF MUNHANGO--"According to reports from staff head-
quarters, Munhango is still under UNITA's control," we were told yesterday
by an informant of the movement in Lisbon, in contradiction to reports
recently published on the situation in that part of Angola. The city of
Munhango (Savimbi's birthplace) on the Benguela railway line is an impor-
tant site for logistic support to the guerrillas operating in northern
Angola. According to our informant, fighting continues along the opera-
tional axis of Luenga River and Munhango, and despite the fact that this
is "one of the MPLA's most important offensives, we are still successfully
withstanding it." [Text] [Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Sep 86 p 52]
9805/9190

SAVIMBI REMARRIES-~-Few people know that Savimbi has remarried. His first
wife died in tragic circumstances, struck by lightning during a tropical
storm. It is also a. little known fact that all the UNITA militants call
each other "brothers" or "little brothers," and call Savimbi "the elder."
He is also known among the soldiers as "Steel Beard," since he wears a
beard and also because hs is at the front line during battles, despite
the opposition of his sympathizers, who believe that he should not put
himself in such a dangerous position, [Text] [Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese
25 Sep 86 p 4] 9805/9190

SAVIMBI'S WIFE EXPECTING--Ana Savimbi, Jonas Savimbi's wife, despite
admitting to some fatigue (it is not easy to keep up with someone of her
husband's energy), is particularly happy: she is expecting a baby in
February. Congratulations. [Text] [Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Sep 86
p 5] 9805/9190

DEFENSE KILLS 59 UNITA 'BANDITS'--Approximately 50 UNITA bandits were killed
by the Angolan defense and security forces military operations in the 8th
military region in Bengo Province. Another (?12) UNITA bandits were captured
as was war materiel, most of which was of South African origin. The FAPLA
forces also destroyed huts where the bandits were hiding and released 69
civilians who are living under the yoke of the bandits. [Text] [Luanda
Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 6 Nov 86 MB] /6662

Cso: 3400/379

16



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

OFFICIAL WARNS AGAINST HARBORING MNR--Lusaka, 5 Nov (ZANA/PANA) --Secretary
general of Zamiba's ruling and only political party, Grey Zulu (?yesterday)
warned Zambians living along the border with Mozambique against harbouring
Mozambique National Resistance bandits (MNR). Over 300 Mozambicans on Tues-
day fled into [Luangwa] small fishing town in [words indistinct] of Zambia
after fresh attacks by MNR (?rebels). They are well over 1,000 Mozambican
refugees camped in refugee camps at Luangwa. Zulu, who is number two in the
political hierarchy of the country, ordered the Zambians living along the
border“with Mozambique to keep all people entering Zambia from Mozambique in
refugee camps to avoid harbouring those who may turn out to be enemies. Zulu,
who was speaking in Chipata, a rural town bordering Malawi in eastern Zambia
said that refugees should not be kept in villages as the government had al-
ready established refugee camps for them. [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 0813
GMT 5 Nov 86 MB] /6662

cso: 3400/379

53



SOUTH AFRICA

MAGABHENI CHIEF SEEKS CEASE-FIRE BETWEEN UDF, INKATHA

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 23 Oct-5 Nov 86 p 2

[Text]

/13046
cso:

A CHIEF in the Durban South Coast
township of Magabheni is seeking to bring
about a ceasefire in the ongoing war
between the United Democratic Front's
Magabheni Youth Organisation and an
impi allegedly led by Inkatha Central
Committee member.

The conflict has claimed four lives, as
well as disrupting schooling and causing
the destruction of several houses in the
township.

Last week Chief Siyanda Luthuli, who
rules the Magabheni area, called an
extraordinary meeting attended by Inkatha
and Magabheni youth organisation (Mayo)
members in an attempt to resolve the
conflict. °

At the meeting, attended by more than
500- residents, the actions of township

3400/371

60

, men are out.on R5i

mayor Divas Mnewabe and the councillor
and leading Inkatha member who
allegedly leads the Maghabeni impi,
Colbert’ Nkhushabana, were criticised.
Neither of the men were present.

Nkushubana was arrested soon after the
murder of youth organiser Jomo Mkhize
and the assault of two other leading .
members of Mayo. A senior police
spokesman said he and nine others would
be charged with public violence and the
murder of Mkhize.

However, in their recent second
apPearance in the Umbumbulu Magistrate's
‘ourt, no charges were put to them and
the case was postponed and transferred to
the Scottsburgh Re; ional Court. All the
all,



donation, individuals in authority showed their. faces, having been unconcerned
about the life of the village, “but only wishing to be included: in the distribu-
tion. “

The members. of the distributing team’told our reporter that ‘the problem of
those who avoid receiving on an équal ‘basis, using tricks.-to procure ‘more, is
quite common now. The humanitarian institution has tried, unsuccessfully, to
eliminate such activities, because there is a concern for really serving the
needy population.

2909
CSO: 3442/19

33



MOZAMBIQUE

PANDA DISTRICT RECEIVES INFLUX OF FAMINE VICTIMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 p 8

[Text] Nearly 16,000 people from the Panda district of Inhambane Province are
undergoing serious. food shortages as a result of the drought of the past 2
years and the activities of the armed bandits.

This situation was disclosed on Thursday in Panda to the Mozambique News Agency
(AIM) by the provincial secretary for the economy, Antonio Matsamane Manjane,
during a visit by the general director of the Swedish Agency for International
Development (ASDI), Carl Tham.

Carl Tham was accompanied by the minister of trade, Jorge Aranda da Silva; the
national director of the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters
(DPCCN), Amos Mahanjane; and other provincial government leaders.

Addressing the visiting delegation, Antonio Manhane said that, because of the
lack of rainfall since 1984, the Panda population is dependent upon external
assistance.

Manjane added that the population most stricken by famine is distributed mainly
in the localities of Bilanhane, Jojo, Macavelane, and Mawayela.

The problem has been worsened by the influx into Panda of people from the
districts of Massinga, in northern Inhambane, and Chibuto, Chicualacuala, and
Mandihakeze, in Gaza Province, who are fleeing from the armed bandits' opera-
tions.

Nearly 900 persons coming from those districts have settled in the village named
N'komati Accord, 3 kilometers from the district headquarters.

From the military standpoint, the situation in the district of Panda has
improved as a result. of the Army's offensive against the bandits; and it is
because of this that the flow of migration to'that region is taking place.

The district administrator, Domingos Alberto Guambe, told AIM that the lack of
transportation facilities is also hampering the channeling of food assistance
to the most needy population.

34


NIGERIA

OIL MINISTER PREDICTS 'STORMY' OPEC MEETING
AB061222 Dakar PANA in English 1151 GMT 6 Nov 86

[Text] Lagos, 6 Nov (NAN/PANA)--The Nigerian Minister of Petroleum Resources,
Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman, predicted on Tuesday in Lagos that the December meeting
of the Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC), at which the thorny
issue of permanent production quotas will top ‘the agenda, will be stormy and
difficult. : :

Alhaji Rilwanu, the currént OPEC president, said that the organisation's
production quota committee, of which he is also chairman, would meet.a week
before the December conference convenes in Geneva, to draw up recommendations
on the issue for the consideration of oil ministers of the 13-nation cartel.

The minister, who was speaking on a national network television programme,
"Dialogue," said that disagreements were. likely to arise.over the criteria to
be adopted in allocating production quota, adding that members of the organ-
isation were likély to favor different criteria as a result of varying national
circumstances and interest.

He said that the ministers would also have to decide what “weight" to place
on criteria such as population, oil reserves, and production capacity in al-
locating production quota.

Asked if he would favor an extension.of the compromise agreement reached at
OPEC's last meeting, [words indistinct] that it was premature to start think-
ing of what to do in the event of a deadlocked conference, adding that he
preferred to be optimistic.

On the removal of Mr Ahmed. Zaki Yamani as. Saudi Arabia's oil minister, the
OPEC president was of the view that.it would not have a disruptive. (?influence)
on the organisation if press reports that the action did not mean a change in
the country's oil policy were true.

/6662
cso: 3400/380

49



It is regrettable that up till now there is no standing organization for Afri-
can military cooperation in the true sense of it. So, like the Frontline
States of southern Africa, individual African states are left. to face the
brunt of imperialist and neocolonialist forces alone with drastic consequences,
resulting in deaths of innocent men, women, and children, and destruction of
vital economic institutions and infrastructures.

The African High Command needs to be given another serious thought by ‘the OAU.
All those African leaders who cannot resist the hypnotic spell of the imperial-
ists should wake up. The Frontline States should not be left alone in this
confrontation with racist Pretoria and its terrorist agents. A threat on
Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Botswana, and any other African country
is, and must be taken as, a threat on the rest of Africa.

/6662
CsO: 3400/386

22



TOGO

BRIEFS

JAPANESE AID DETAILED--An exchange of notes between the Government of Togo and
the Government of Japan relating to the "Groundwater Exploitation" Project
took place on 16 October 1986 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Coopera-
tion. These notes--which pertain to the program of Japanese subsidies granted
to Togo--were signed by His Excellency Atsu-Koffi Amega, minister of foreign
affairs and cooperation, and His Excellency Katsuhiro Ichioka, ambassador
extraordinary and plenipotentiary of Japan. Under the terms of the aforesaid
notes, the Japanese Government is placing at the disposal of the Togolese
Government--in the form of a grant--the sum of 150 million yen (approximately
300 million CFA francs) for the second part of the "Groundwater Exploitation"
Project. It should be noted that the Japanese Government has already financed
a number of projects in Togo in the fields of public health, public works,
transportation, agriculture, and fishing. Japanese Government grants made to
the Togolese Government currently total 3.435 billion yen (approximately 6.87
billion CFA francs). Japanese aid to Togo in the form of financing for these
projects is being contributed in the context of the excellent relations of
cooperation that prevail between the two countries. At the conclusion of the
ceremony, the representative of the minister of foreign affairs and cooperation
asked the representative of the Japanese Government to convey to the Japanese
Government the thanks of the Togolese Government for this positive contribution
to the development of Togo. [Text] [Lome LA NOUVELLE MARCHE in French 17 Oct
86 p 3} 10992

cso: 3419/8

52


SOUTH AFRICA

INDABA BODY 'NOT POLITICAL PARTY'
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Oct 86 p 4

[Text] Durban--The Indaba Support Group, formed to drum up public support
for the 'kwaNatal' Indaba, has published its constitution to allay
suspicions that it is a political party.

The group has been criticised because it has been seen by some as a fledgling
political party or as a pressure group to force parties to accept recom-
mendations with which they do not agree.

The constitution says the group "is not a political party, nor is it
intended that it should become a political party, nor that it should procure
the formation of a new political party."

/13046
cso: 3400/371

61



GAMBIA

Briefs
River Basin Summit Postponed

GHANA

Commentary Renews Call for ‘African High Command'
(Victor Markin; Accra Domestic Service, 7 Nov 86) ......-

IVORY COAST

Briefs
FRG Debt Rescheduled
Nigerian Foreign Minister Received

LIBERIA

Reconciliation Talk Progress Discussed
(Various sources, 5 Nov 86) ...

NDPL Urges Talk Resumption
UPP Welcomed Into Political Arena

Briefs
Muslim Group Complains of Harassment
Gulf Attacks on Neutral Ships
Eyadema Sends Message to Doe

MOZAMBIQUE

Training for Port Technicians Financed by UN, Swedish Group
(NOTICIAS, 7 Oct 86) .ccccceccccescscccccneecesereeeceeee

International Aid to Niassa Famine Victims Under Way
(NOTICIAS, 6 Oct 86) .cccceseccccccesscccccscccscrccences

Red Cross Gives Food Aid to Flood, Drought Victims in Boane
(NOTICIAS, 4 Oct 86) ..cccccccccccccecccecerseeeccscceees

Panda District Receives Influx of Famine Victims
(NOTICIAS, 4 Oct 86) ..ccecececccccceccceecececeeeeres wee

Lack of Rain Threatens Rice Production
(NOTICIAS, 9 Sep 86) ..ccccccccecccccccsccsserecccseceees

Students Take Courses in Irrigation
(NOTICIAS, 10 Sep 86) ..ccccececceccccscccccceccccccseees

Sofala Sees Production, Marketing, Export Discrepancies
(NOTICIAS, 4 Oct 86) .....seeeeeeeeee

20

21

23
23

24
24
25

26

26

26

27

29

31

34

36

38

40



In fact, last year special attention was given by the government to production
for.export, thereby generating foreign currency that is so necessary for the
province. The government's appeal was partially responded to by certain
producers, particularly those involved in shrimp, dried:fish,; and hot peppers.

However, the entities responsible for both the probing of markets and the
bureaucratic formalities did not carry out their mission properly, owing
essentially to the little experience and desire in the sector.

This situation obviously caused the products, primarily shrimp and ‘hot peppers,
to remain in storage for long periods, thereby losing the qualities required
on the stringent international markets.

Diagnosing Problems

The Fourth Session of the Sofala Provincial Government initiated its work on
Friday, 19 September, with only two items on the agenda, namely, an analysis
of the fulfillment of the central state plan for the first half, and an
evaluation of the draft plan for the 1986-87. agricultural campaign.

In an activity considered by Governor Francisco Masquil as being "a diagnosis

of the problems which have. most affected the province's economy," the partici-
pants were divided-on the afternoon of the same day into four working groups

to study and reflect upon the following topics: agriculture and trade, construc-
tion, transportation and finance, industry, labor and export, and education

and health.

The meeting was scheduled to close on Tuesday, 23 September. However, the
tragic death of Jose Paulo N'Chumali,.a member of the party's Central Committee
and Provincial Committee secretary for defense, which teok place on the night
of 20 September, postponed the closing of the session, because all the members
of the provincial government were involved in the funeral ceremonies for the
unfortunate leader.

Fishing: Only Sector to Fulfill

Fishing activity was the only sector in Sofala Province which attained good.
production rates during the first, half of this year, achieving 11 percent over-
fulfillment, in comparison with the same period of 1985.

According to the report submitted ‘by the provincial director for the plan, Luis
Silva, the cooperation with the German Democratic Republic in this area was

the driving force; because, like most of the sectors of activity in the
province, the fishing industry is still suffering major difficulties of a
material type.

In fact, operating since 1984 with four boats off the Sofala coast, the GDR,
in cooperation with EMOPESCA, the Mozambican Fishing Enterprise, has attained
considerable levels in catching fish which is sold on:the local ‘market through
PESCOM.

41



case of the Industrial Institute, in the first two years, a core
curriculum is given to students of both irrigation and water supply.
The final year is that of specialization in one of these two areas.

There are cases in which certain courses, depending on their particular
requirements, are taught directly by SEHA, such as those on. topography
and construction of irrigation systems. However, SETEP's participation
in the training of basic technicians in agricultural hydraulics is
obvious.

Special attention should be given to the extention=program monitors
in teaching agricultural practices to farmers, cooperatives and family
production areas, in a project that has financing from the United

Nations Fund for Food and Agriculture (FAO) and, obviously, the
participation of SEHA.

There is another type of training on irrigation matters involving
recipients of scholarships who go abroad to take courses.

Our sources emphasized: "This is our goal: to train personnel,
motivate them, bring them up to date, and fit them into potential
agricultural development projects."

9895
cso: 3442/3

39



FIRST BLACK PROFESSOR FOR UCT NAMED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Oct 86 p 6

[Text]

/13046
cso:

CAPE TOWN — Social
anthropologist Dr Har-
riet Ngubane has been
appointed to a newly
created full professorship
in the University of Cape
Town’s department of an-
thropology.

She is the first black
African to. be appointed a
full professor at UCT.

Presently employed by
the International Labour
Office (ILO) as policy ad-
viser to the commission-
er of the women’s bureau

‘of the Lesotho Govern-

ment, she assumes her

new duties in the new

year.
Part of her job will be
to assist UCT’s vice-chan-

* cellor, Dr Stuart

Saunders, on _ special
projects.

Professor Ngubane
told UCT’s campus news-
sheet Monday Paper

. that South Africa’s unset-

3400/364

tled and uncertain cir-
cumstances meant one
had increasingly to be-
lieve in the scope for ef-
fective local initiatives.

UCT had pledged itself
to develop a multiracial
university without loss of
academic standards and
she was honoured to be
able to take part in such
an effort.

LARGE TASK

“Changing apartheid
and achieving a more

. just kind of society is a

large task. The universi-
ties should be taking a

. leading part in formulat-

ing directions in this pro-
cess,” she said.

Having studied and
worked at four of the lar-
gest universities in the
United Kingdom she felt
‘well acquainted with in
' ternational academic
standards and believed
~she could help preserve

64

SOUTH AFRICA

- them while accommodat-
-ing black aspirations at

the same time.

Born in Durban in 1929,
she was a primary school
teacher before graduat-
ing from Natal Universi-
ty with a BA degree. She
earned her BA honours in
1963 and a PhD from
Cambridge University in
1972.

During ‘the next 12
years she published a
monograph, “Body and
Mind in Zulu Medicine”
and published many re-
ports and articles.

Noted for her contribu-
tion to the field of medi-
cal anthropology, she has

* been involved in develop-

ment work for a decade,
first as a rural sociologist
in Swaziland and_since

“1984 with the ILO. She

-has also acted as a con-"
sultant to the World
Health Organisation.



"Just as has occurred throughout the country, our armed forces have
conducted major actions to clear out counter-revolutionary gangs, and we
have had success in all areas," the Cunene Provincial Commissar reported.

Speaking of specific operations, only last July an enemy pawn was taken
prisoner and six others were killed.

At that time we recovered from the South African troops the following:
six weapons; 100 81mm mortar rounds; 10 drums of gasoline holding 200
liters each; four camouflage nets; two rolls of communications wire; 17
rounds of RPG-7 ammunition; 40 60mm mortar rounds; 19 AK clips; 20 81m
mortar rounds; four land mines; 108 head of cattle; and, dozens of
compatriots who had been held captive.

During the lengthy interview, Pedro Mutinde also covered issues related
to education and health. In his opinion, during the last few years since
the province was invaded in 1981, there has been extensive work to restore
social structures, including schools for adults and children, and
particularly health facilities.

He said that during this period they managed to send all the children to
school, and created the basic structures for education in nearly every
part of the province, as the situation permitted.

During the 1985-86 school year, the primary and secondary education sector
showed an enrollment of 7,035 students, while 1,090 adults were enrolled
for the second quarter, 1,187 during the third quarter and 1,400 for the
fourth quarter,

The Cunene Commissar further explained that all people working in the state,
party, and military organs, and in people's and social organizations were
mobilized to help build schools to accommodate 900 students a term.

With regard to the health sector, in addition to efforts to distribute
medicine in areas where there are no hospital facilities, campaigns to
vaccinate children and cattle progressed.

With regard to supplying the people with essential commodities, the
provincial leader said that this was one of the key problems. "We are
constantly concerned with planning and distributing essential goods to
the people, primarily those living in remote areas far from provincial
headquarters." He added, however, that the situation there was the same
as in other parts of the country, particularly in areas where the enemy
persists in its destabilizing, criminal activities to create a climate of
insecurity.

As Pedro Mutinde explained, this situation is at the roots of the exodus

of about 20,000 people, who have increased the ranks of dislocated families.
But, he added, "we are continuing to struggle and spare no efforts to
ensure that goods reach the people in a reasonable period of time. We

have already introduced the first stage of our new supply system, and we



TOGO

SEMINAR HELD FOR TRADE UNION LEADERS
Lome LA NOUVELLE MARCHE in French 14 Oct 86 p 4

[Report by ATOP [Togolese Press Agency]: "National Seminar on Trade Union
Education at the Labor Exchange"]

[Text] A national seminar on trade union education--organized by the CNTT
[National Confederation of Togolese Workers] and the Central Council of Soviet
Trade Unions (CCSS) in behalf of approximately 30 secretaries general of the
rank and file unions--was opened yesterday at the Labor Exchange by Koffi

Amavi, representative of the minister of civil service and labor. The seminar--
which will last 1 week--will provide an opportunity for the participants to
discuss topics such as the history of the Togolese trade union movement, the
social security system in the Soviet Union, the role of the National Social
Security Fund in Togo, and the role of the Soviet trade unions today.

In the opinion of Koffi Amavi, representative of the minister of civil service
and labor, the CNTT provides for the continuing education of the workers. The
results of its policy of worker education are decisive.

Earlier, the representative of the Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions
(ccss), Valery Chigares, was pleased at the importance that the Togolese trade
union authorities are placing on worker education and on friendship among the
peoples. In the view of the USSR, it is a question of strengthening coopera~-
tion with the trade unions of the developing countries and lending them assist-
ance in their struggle against the takeovers by the international monopolies
and against the aggressive forces of imperialism.

In his speech, Dolayi Duevi-Tsibiaku, deputy secretary general of the CNTT, who
was representing Nangbog Barnabo, restated the principal objective of the

CNTT, that is to say, to help the rank and file trade unions to live with
dignity in accordance with the principles of the new course of action.

10992
cso: 3419/8

51



SOUTH AFRICA

EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS ON SOFT FRUIT BUSINESS ANALYZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Oct 86 p 15

[Text] The soft fruit trade may be able to cope with the consequences of sanc-
tions that have been imposed up to this point by North American and Scandinav-
ian countries, without encountering too many problems, but if the European Com-
mon Market nations impose effective sanctions, it will be "catastrophic" for
the fruit business in West Cape Province.

Such was the opinion of Mr Louis Kriel, the director-in-chief of the soft fruit
council, when he addressed the monthly meeting of the Stellenbosch Agricultural
Society yesterday evening, on the effects sanctions are having on the wine and
fruit farmer.

Mr Kriel warned that the local market cannot absorb the large percentage of soft
fruit normally exported. Neither will prices be high enough to make local mar-
ket production profitable for the farmer.

"Still, one should be glad to see the fruit puree man's pushcart in the streets
once again," said Mr Kriel. ‘The expansion of the fruit market among Blacks al-
so shows great promise.

According to Mr Kriel, the council is "quietly optimistic" that the present
governments in Great Britain and Germany will remain in power, and that whole-
sale sanctions against South African fruit exports will not be imposed.

He warned that there is an overproduction of fruit and wine in the world, and

that it is not easy to find profit-yielding alternative markets for these pro-
ducts. Strict international regulations for the export of fruit also make it

difficult to come up with alternative marketing channels, and marketing costs

will be higher as well.

I£ Cape Province soft fruit carmot be marketed under the Cape trademark, which
is known for its particularly high standards of quality and the higher prices
than those commanded by competitors, the gross incomes of fruit producers will
dip still lower, said Mr Kriel.

"We are increasing our fight against further sanctions; we provide for large
numbers of our overseas friends and will consider any countermeasures as con-
fidential as far as possible," he said.

8117

CSO: 3401/23
57



Speaking of the current situation in which the country finds itself once
again a victim of South Africa, Pedro Mutinde said that imperialist powers
may increase their production of increasingly sophisticated weapons, they
may foment internal unrest, as they have done, but there will never bea
weapon capable of making us cowards." “Our workers and peasants, students
and revolutionary intellectuals are prepared to defend their country, even
if they have to exchange their working tools for arms."

9805/9190
csO: 3442/16

11



JPRS-SSA-86-119

2 DECEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Briefs
EEC Aid for Highway Construction

ANGOLA
UNITA Official Discusses Domestic, International Issues
(Jeremias Chitunda Interview; TEMPO, 2 Oct 86) ..
Cunene Provincial Commissar on Regional Situation
(Pedro Mutinde Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 16 Aug 86) ...
Journalist Reports on Situation in Jamba
(Frederic Proenca; TEMPO, 2 Oct 86) ...... wen ccecees ecveee
Briefs
UNITA Claims Control of Munhango
Savimbi Remarries
Savimbi's Wife Expecting
Defense Kills 59 UNITA 'Bandits'
BOTSWANA
Commentary Urges RSA To 'Shut Up' on Crash
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 7 Nov 86) .. acccceece . .
ETHIOPIA

Famine Relief Funding Said To Aid Resettlement Schemes
(THE STAR, 30 Oct 86) ...... seeeees seeeeeee ceeeeees seeeees

Briefs
Closing Date for Oil Bids Extended

12

16
16
16
16

17

18

19



The village has nearly 1,700 inhabitants, served by three water holes, built
by the Canadian rural development organization, CUSO/SUCO...:The ‘houses are made
of unstable materials that the-population procures in the.vicinity.- The
villagers have recently been undergoing a destabilized security situation.

A primary school operates in the village with over 150 students attending first
and second grade, in two work shifts. The pupils are led by two teachers for
whom the community will build ‘housing.

The educational achievement is limited by the hunger. that the youngsters suffer
at home.

The educational establishment does not serve a beverage or lunch, because it
lacks products. With the food donation to the village, the school benefited
from a portion of two packages of milk, totaling 100 kilograms. This milk will
soon be served to the pupils.

Another difficulty hampering the educational. achievement is the fact that the
children only have contact with the Portuguese language on the school premises.
However, the teachers’ ‘perseverance in instruction has reduced*the proportions
of the problem. The school's director, instructor Titos Vasco Chiscola, told
our reporter that he expected regular support from the CVM to surmount some of
the problems.

The school director remarked: "I hope that the CVM will give us assistance
every time that it is able. Our students have no clothing or food, and this
makes a good school achievement difficult. The pupils cannot ‘attain their
maximum capacities. I hope for more support."

A health station, also built at the initiative of CUSO/SUCO, is being completed
in the village. For the future operation of the health unit, ‘the villagers are
counting on Red Cross aid, particularly with regard to food products.

The CVM provincial secretariat's brigade told the village inhabitants that the
assistance to the population who are. recreating their lives after emerging
from natural disasters or ‘terrorist violence is the CVM's policy. Hence,

the village will be aided again.

Those Who Eat Too Much

Although the population of the. 30 de Janeiro-Campuane Communal Village have
expressed immense satisfacation at having received food, they have not. failed
to complain over the obvious opportunism of certain members. of the local
agencies. .

One woman villager, reiterating the widespread opinion of .the inhabitants,
remarked: "There are some here who.eat a great deal; they are people from the
agencies. The wife lines up with us here; the husband receives his share as an
official; but all the food-goes to the same: house. It isn't right for some to
eat ‘too much." They also complain at the fact ‘that, on the day of the food

32



GAMBIA

BRIEFS

RIVER BASIN SUMMIT POSTPONED-~Banjul, Nov 4 (AFP)--A summit of the four-nation
Gambia River Basin Development Organization, due to-open in the Gambian capital
Tuesday after two postponements, thas been put off indefinitely, officials said
here. The officials said only that the meeting had been further postponed due
to scheduling problems among the heads of state. of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea
Bissau, and Guinea. [Text] [Paris AFP in English 1551 GMT 4 Nov 86 AB] /6662

cso: — 3400/382

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



From the beginning, Machel
was associated with the radical
faction of the movement then
led by Marcelino dos Santos and
which was opposed by a moder-
ate nationalist ethnic grouping.

Both factions have claimed to
have had the support of Freli-
mo’s founder and first president,
Dr Eduardo Mondlane. How-
ever, his assassination by a par-
cel bomb in 1969 opened the way
for Machel to assume the lead-
ership of the party and to con-
solidate the power of the radi-
cals.

Frelimo nevertheless took
power at independence. in 1975
as a socialist but not a Marxist
party.

Restructuring of the party
was assiduously promoted by
the radical faction, however,
and by 1979 it had emerged as a
fully-fledged | Marxist-Leninist
party.

From the start, Frelimo to-
lerated no political opposition
and this may be one reason why
the MNR developed into a pow-
erful, if loosely-knit, resistance
movement that today challenges
Frelimo’s control in. more than
two-thirds of Mozambique.

Though it incorporates some
dissident Mozambique political
figures who had opposed the
growth of Marxism in Frelimo,
the MNR (Movimento Nacional
tencia de Mocambique) was first
formed by the Rhodesian gov-
ernment as an instrument of re-
taliation against Mozambique’s
support for the Zanu guerillas.

The Rhodesians were in-
terested not so much in over-
throwing the Frelimo govern-
ment as in discouraging it from.
sheltering and aiding Zanu.

When Rhodesia became Zim-
babwe, the MNR was taken over
by South Africa, whose govern-
ment had viewed the growth of
a Marxist regime on its border
with horror. Under South Afri-
ca’s wing, the MNR became a
better organised and more ef-
fective force.

Some MNR members may be
given the benefit of the doubt'
and credited with having made

expedient use of Rhodesia and
South Africa to promote their
efforts to overthrow Marxist
domination in their homeland.
But the MNR has never pro-
jected a clear ideological
image or presented crisp poli-
cies.

It has been easy for Frelimo
to characterise it as a “bandit”
group:

To some extent this has been
due to the MNR’s inexperience
in public relations, but more to
its inability to produce a
strong and charismatic leader.

Unlike Jonas Savimbi of
Unita in Angola, the present
MNR leader, the bespectacled
Mr Afonso Dhlakama, is hard-
ly known outside his organisa-
tion. It is doubtful that more
than five out of any 1 000 news-
paper readers in any country
would recognise a photograph
of him.

The MNR, which is also
known as Renamo, does have
policies, however. In general,
it wants a Mozambique that
will be non-aligned interna-
tionally and will promote a
free enterprise economy with
a measure of state control.

It favours a political struc-
ture blending ethnic customs
with Western-style democratic
government. The right of the
people to select their govern-
ment by periodic free elections
appears from the MNR’s state-
ments to be one of its funda-
mental requirements.

South Africa has made no
secret of its arms supplies to
the MNR before the signing of
the Nkomati Accord between
Pretoria and Maputo in 1984.

The Frelimo government
says South Africa has violated
the Accord, a mutual non-ag-
gression treaty, by continuing
to supply the rebels secretly.
Pretoria denies this.

The MNR attributes its
growing success since Nkoma-
ti to its ability to capture arms
from the dispirited Frelimo
troops.

Whatever the reason, it has
reduced .Frelimo’s control of

44

Mozambique virtually to the
urban centres and has made
unescorted road travel hazard-
ous almost everwhere.

Yet the rebels can make no
convincing claim to popular
support. Without an election it
is hard to make an accurate
assessment, but there is little
doubt that the MNR is in no
position to put up a viable gov-
ernment at present.

It has set up no government-
in-exile, only a variety of
spokesmen in overseas capi-
tals, some of whose credentials
are dubious and who seem to
be at odds with one another.

Neither has it been able to
hold any part of Mozambique
long enough to set up. any kind
of administration.

After Frontline States threa-
tened recently to close Ma-
lawi’s borders unless it
stopped sheltering the rebels,
large MNR forces, having been
recently expelled, appeared in
areas close to the Malawi bor-
der and captured several
towns.

If they can hold the towns,
their standing will rise in Mo-
zambique and the outside
world.

Even as hit-and-run gueril-
las, however, the rebels have
worn down Frelimo’s control
to the point where Pretoria
has made serious efforts to
bring them together with Fre-
limo in talks aimed at a politi-
cal settlement.

These produced the “Pre-
toria Declaration” of 1984 in
which the two sides agreed in
principle to a cease-fire.

Nothing came of this much-
ballyhooed agreement, how-
ever, for it subsequently tran-
spired that while the MNR
thought the process was lead-
ing to free elections, Frelimo
saw it only as an amnesty ex-
ercise enabling the rebels to
abandon the struggle without
fear of punishment and recog-
nise Frelimo's sovereignty.

The South Africans also
thought when they arranged



Good use of the productive force .is synonymous with ending ‘congestion of goods,
because the latter will not be subject to delays in the transit warehouses.

In efficient activity, it {s known when. and where every man or every ‘hoist
should be doing work. Poor managerial use of the productive force gradually
leads to the client's disinterest in port, services, which the port may attempt
to counter by opting in vain for financial overcharges ‘to multiply the labor
and technical equipment. This will prove futile unless it makes the choice

to provide for the efficient management of port movement operations.

In the present-day world, 80 percent of the goods transported in the four
corners of the world are carried by maritime routes. Mozambique, as a country
endowed with an extensive seacoast,has an advantage in developing’ its ports,
because there are many countries in the interior part of the continent which,
because of geographical contingencies,are interested [words missing from text]
in human initiative.

At.the course started yesterday, the participants told us that difficulties
persist in their work places, leading to a burdening of port activity; which
is why attending the course now seems necessary to them.

The technician from UNCTAD, Dr Joao Vieira, told us that it would be useful for
our country to train rail-port workers because the overall prosperity of our
economy will be achieved if we can count on the expedient of seaports: The
course was opened by the national director of ports and railroads, engineer
Ferreira Mendes.

2909
CSO: 3442/19

28



said that agricultural marketing should be planned based on the
agricultural importance of each region. "This will make it possible
to create better conditions to carry out the campaign and will
contribute to the success of future campaigns," he said.

9895
csO: 3442/3

37



IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

FRG DEBT RESCHEDULED--The minister of state, Maurice Sery Gnoleba, today signed
a bilateral agreement with the FRG.on behalf of the Republic of Ivory Coast on
the rescheduling of our external debt over a period of several years. This
covers a total sum of 10.7 billion CFA francs for 1986, 1987, and 1988. [Ex-
cerpt] [Abidjan Domestic Service in French 1245 GMT 4 Nov 86 AB] | -/6662

NIGERIAN FOREIGN MINISTER RECEIVED--The head. of state, President Houphouet-
Boigny, yesterday received the Nigerian minister of external relations, Bolaji
Akinyemi, who is on a visit to”our country. At the meeting, the Nigerian
external relations minister presented President Felix Houphouet-Boigny a mes—
sage from the Nigerian head. of state. ' The meeting ‘took place.in the presence
of our minister of foreign affairs,. Simeon Ake, and ‘our ambassador to Nigeria.
After the meeting, President Houphouet-Boigny received the Nigerian minister
of external relations and his delegation for dinner. {Text] [Abidjan Domestic
Service in French 0745 GMT 5 Nov 86 AB] /6662

csO: | 3400/385

23



[Answer] One thing is obvious and accurate. The UNITA is for Angola and for
the Angolans. Our policy is to establish the conditions for peace, the
conditions of freedom so that the Angolan citizen can realize his potential.
Our policy will be a good neighbor policy, oriented toward relations of
friendship with the international community. But it is also obvious that our
entire program for establishing a harmonious society in Angola will be
unworkable unless the direct and natural relations with Portugal, with the
Portuguese community, are taken into account. This is obvious for various
reasons, and we believe that any demagogic effort to evoke the situation in
South Africa can only prolong the misunderstanding which has already and to
such a great extent prevented a just solution to the Angolan conflict.

[Question] But can the UNITA, without doubt of any kind, condemn the
apartheid policy pursued by South Africa?

[Answer] But it is not possible in any way at all for an African country,
much less a nationalist movement such as the UNITA, to justify the policy of
racial segregation practiced by South Africa, even minimally. Apartheid,
which is doomed to collapse, must be dismantled. It is a policy which is
anathema to the elementary principles of human decency and justice. And,
fortunately, apartheid can in no way be exported. In condemning apartheid, in
doing everything possible to destroy it and to establish justice and harmony
in South Africa, everyone should be careful, everyone should be on guard
against the danger of replacing an inhuman regime or policy, one as unjust as
apartheid is, with another policy of foreign oppression. The Soviet Union is
counting on extending its dominion to all of southern Africa, and at the
present time it is in no way combating apartheid or the unjustice it has
created, but rather is spreading its influence and hegemony to the whole of
the southern African region. It is this threat which we would want all those
persons of goodwill who are dedicated to combating apartheid to bear in mind.

[Question] You have been made vice president of the UNITA. How do you like
being summoned to this high post?

[Answer] I will merely continue to make my contribution as best I can, within
my modest human capacities. I think that since the UNITA is tremendously
blessed in having the leadership of Dr Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, all of us as
militants in our movement will have nothing to fear as we assume any new
responsibilities or posts, whatever they may be.

[Question] Should the creation of this post be interpreted as a change in the
UNITA structure or a natural development due to the movement's growth?

[Answer] It is precisely a way of measuring up to the growth and expansion of
the struggle and the various responsibilities which have developed and which
we must face with regard to this war, since the resistance has taken many
forms. We have some administrative structures, some diplomatic structures,
which require a constantly updated allocation of our human resources so that
we can pursue our struggle to a successful end.

5157
C€S0:3442/21



He was a noble man with a heart of gold.
use Mark Anthony's words on Julius Caeser, the noblest Mozambican of them

all.

He was an honest man. He was, to

Hamba kahle, Bra yam. Umshini wakho siyawubamba. [No expansion available]

/13046
cso: 3400/364

59



the talks that they were about
negotiating an end to the war
and a political settlement.

There is evidence that at
least some members of the
Frelimo government had simi-
lar ideas, but that these were
unknown to, let alone shared
by, other members of the gov-
ernment.

President Machel and the
hard-liners in his government
have persistently rejected an
accommodation with the
rebels.

Earlier this year, he gave up
some of his administrative re-
sponsibilities to give him more
time for the prosecution of the
war.

Yet expectations of a nego-
tiated settlement have persist-
ed among outside observers, if
only because of the desperate
position into which the Freli-
mo government is being
pushed by the rebels’ successes
and the continuing decline of
the economy.

The extent of this decline is
shown by statistics.

The country’s external debt
rose from zero in 1973 to
$1,4 billion in 1984, when Mo-
zambique was forced to de-
fault on payment of its foreign
debt.

Seaborne freight traffic fell
from 17 million tons in 1974 to
1,2 million in 1984. Electricity

/13046
CsO: 3400/372

production dropped from 14
billion kWh in 1973 to
5,8 billion kWh in 1981.

Coal production decreased
from 574000tons in 1975 to
100 000 in 1984 and cotton from
290 000 tons in 1972 to 73 000 in
1981.

Even production of cashew
nuts, which was a major peas-
ant industry, fell from
216000tons .in 1973 to
5 800 tons in 1983.

Deaths due to famine have
risen from a very few to hun-
dreds of thousands, and thou-
sands of refugees have fled to
other countries, mainly South
Africa, to escape the economic
hardships as well as the war.

Though some foodstuffs are
now in good supply, many sta-
ples are rationed and the black
market flourishes.

The government blames
these problems on drought,
floods and the war rather than
on the economic system it has
imposed on the country.

But while the weather and
the war clearly are major fac-
tors, the  incentive-killing
Marxist system has been
blamed to a considerable ex-
tent by Western analysts.

Their view is supported by
the experience of almost every
other African country that has
imposed similar systems.

45

The Machel government has
softened the harsh constraints
it originally applied on private
enterprise, but apparently not
enough to halt the economic
slide.

A question given increased
importance by Machel’s death
is whether the growing misery
in which most Mozambicans
apparently live will be enough
to force Frelimo to negotiate
with the rebels.

While some in the Frelimo
government appear to have
been willing to consider nego-
tiations with the MNR, previ-
ous efforts by Pretoria to ar-
range talks were hampered by
the Mozambicans’ refusal to
deal with the rebels’ external-
ly-based representatives, espe-
cially the former Lisbon-based
secretary-general, Evo Fer-
nandes.

Mr Fernandes was recently
removed in what may have
been a move by the MNR to
open the way for talks with
Frelimo.

But at the same time the
rebels have announced they
will now negotiate only with
Frelimo military leaders and
not with the politicians.

This apparently unrealistic
demand suggests the MNR
have been emboldened by their
military successes and see the
possibility of creating a split
between Frelimo’s politicians
and soldiers.



113046
cso:

President Machel was. obliged to.
sign the Nkomati Accord.

Expert analysts believe he hoped
the signing of the accord would end
the war by cutting off the MNR’s
South African support. When these
hopes were dashed and the MNR
grew even stronger, President Ma-
che] was left out on a limb.

He accused South Africa of con-
tinuing to supply them in violation
of the accord, but the rebels said
they could capture all the arms
they needed from government
troops.

Subsequently oe a eurpeat ak
al Congress ste] up i at-
tacks in South Africa and Pretoria
claimed these were again being
launched from Mozambique in con-
travention of the accord.

It is not clear whether Presi-
dent Machel has permitted a re-

“ sumption of these attacks from his

country in an attempt to force Pre-
toria to stop dts alleged aid for
the MNR. .

But the harsh South African re-
sponse — stopping the recruitment
of migrant workers in Mozambique
‘and. threatening to attack again
ANC targets across the border —
has left Frelimo in an even worse
position than before, for Mozambi-
que relies heavily on income from
the migrant workers.

3400/372

47

The rebel forces that captured
the central towns almost certain-
ly came from Malawi, where Fre-
limo claims they had bases. They
were apparently ejected by Malawi
iafter Frontline States threatened to
close its landlocked borders if it
didn't. .

Whether the lack of Malawian
bases will make the rebels less ef-
fective remains to be seen. But past
performance indicates the Frelimo
forces will be unable to take advan-
tage of the situation on their own.

Mozambican and Zimbabwean
defence chiefs met this week to
discuss improving joint security.
Zimbabwe has committed several
thousand troops to the defence of
the Beira corridor along which run
its rail and pipeline links to the sea.

It is also guarding convoys run-
ning through Mozambique’s Tete
province between Malawi and Zim-
babwe.

But there has been no strong in-
dication that Zimbabwe is willing
to get dragged into a probably un-
winnable guerilla war.

Continued military advances by
the MNR and continued setbacks
for Frelimo must increase the pros-
pects of a negotiated compromise
between them, but analysts do not
Tule out the possibility of the war
simply going on-and dragging Mo-

_ Zambique even deeper into ruin.



are now involved in launching the second stage, under which everybody
receives supplies according to family size."

Dislocated people always receive direct assistance from the party and
social structures until they are established in their new life, within
a certain time frame.

In this context, he pointed out that “our concern is focused more on making
gure that every dislocated family is involved in production, defense and
vigilance efforts." He explained that these families are relocated
equitably to areas with excellent natural conditions for developing
agricultural activities.

At the beginning of this month, significant progress was made at Canhina
I and II in furthering activities under the clemency policy. A number of
compatriots who had come out of the jungle, some of whom had deserted the
ranks of the puppet group, UNITA, were reintegrated. The following
articles were made available to these people: 50 scythes; 100 plows;

100 lengths of rope or cable; 200 shovels; 1,200 traditional hoes; 500
European hoes, and 50 hatchets.

Marketing in the countryside was another matter taken up by Pedro Mutinde,
a member of the Party's Central Committee and Provincial Commisar of
Cunene.

Marketing in rural areas, he said, "is progressing normally, albeit with
some difficulties. We have eight fixed marketing outlets, in addition

to two other mobile units. They are all located in areas with a heavy
concentration of livestock." During the past year (1985), nearly 1,139,500
kilos of beef, 8,000 kilos of macunde beans, 19,200 kilos of massambala,
924 kilos of massango, 384,000 kilos of goat meat, and 99 kilos of pork
were sold. During the first quarter of this year, hundreds of kilos of
massambala, massango, maize in kernels, beef, pork, goats, and poultry
have been sold.

Pedro Mutinde also spoke about the party's provincial conference held last
July. He said that: "the extensive efforts to mobilize and educate the
people contributed largely to the success of the conference, which elected

a new Party Provincial Committee made up of 28 members, including 25

regular members and 3 alternates, with one technical expert and 27 officers."

After the conference, the party members informed the people of the decisions
make at the recent conferences to improve the standard of living of the
masses,

In view of the current economic and financial situation in the country,
the Cunene provincial conference also urged the people to comply with
austerity measures and increase their vigilance and defense capabilities.
It also advocated an increase in the production of import substitutes
(maize, massango, massambala, beans, cattle, etc.).

10