tion, and the removal of petroleum subsidies. Why, we may
well ask, has the government refused to give way on these
three grounds?

With regard to devaluation, the government is afraid of
what repercussions it will have for domestic political and
economic stability. Indeed, behind every devaluation looms
the danger of inflationary pressures for higher incomes,
which will raise costs and increase the likelihood of monetary
expansion to accommodate the higher demand. This is be-
cause devaluation will increase the price of imported goods
which importers will promptly pass on to consumers. The
ubiquitous market trader will also raise their prices by the
appropriate devaluation percentage and blame the govern-
ment. In addition, the nation’s raw material imports will
become more expensive, leading to more expensive finished
industrial products.

The government is also not convinced that devaluation
makes economic sense for Nigeria. It is argued that devalua-
tion will not dampen the nation’s appetite for foreign goods
because Nigeria has an inelastic demand for imports. It would
also not boost the country’s exports significantly because
over 90% of this is accounted for by oil which, incidentally,
is denominated in dollars. It is further maintained that locally
manufactured goods are not going to enjoy any comparative
advantage, given the heavy dependence on raw material
imports in Nigeria’s present structure of manufacturing.

However, this position does little to address head on the
central issue, which is that the naira creates distortions within
the domestic economy. It penalises the traditional primary
product export sector by artificially raising the price of these
exports in terms of foreign currency. It also discriminates in
favour of imports and against locally-produced goods, making
imports relatively cheaper and, thereby, creating a disincen-
tive for local manufacturers and agricultural producers. Fur-
thermore, it under-values the foreign capital component in
enterprises and, therefore, discourages foreign investment.

Thus, the devaluation of the naira can be expected to act
as a stimulant to domestic food production, as well as the
production of the traditional cash crops of cocoa, ground
nuts, rubber and palm kernels. And it would encourage
greater foreign investment in Nigeria. In spite of the doom
being predicted by the anti-devaluation lobby in Nigeria,
there has been no major negative implications to the recent
depreciation of the naira. Between 12 Novernber, 1984 and
26 February, 1985, the naira depreciated by 8.31% against
the dollar, by 4.67% against the pound sterling and by 6.77%
against the Deutsche Mark. (See Business Concord, 26
February, 1985). There has been very limited reaction to this
“crawling peg” devaluation, except for the up-valuation of
the Prices of cars assembled by Volkswagen (Nigeria) Limi-
ted.

54


JPRS*SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HOUSING CONTROLS CREATE BACKLOGS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Sep 85 p 10

{Article by Alison Goldberg]

[Text]

EXCESSIVE housing controls are re-
sulting in persistent delays in the al-
location of stands by housing authori-
ties — be they biack, coloured or
Indian.

Bureaucrats may lament the time
it takes for townships in urban areas
to be serviced and proclaimed, but
the private sector is wringing its
hands in frustration and can see no

~ “Township authorities hotly contend

that the lists are spot-on but in the
same breath admit Lenasia, for ex-
ample, has a waiting list of between
6000 to 8000 people.

While a plethora of estimates of the
existing and prospective housing
backlog of different population

-oups in different urban centres ex-

ts, the most recent was made by the

justification for the holdups. TABLE 1
While private sector developers Estimated housing needs; urban area; 1980-2000
across the board are willing and able ‘HUNGER OF UNTS PER YEAR I TKOUSANDS
to fully finance and develop homes TERM
for sale to the lower and middle-in- [wHTES] COLOUREDS | ASANS] BLACKS | TOIAL
come groups, they are still waiting Cc A
for government to advise them on west [ef fT sf et
where the land is available. oe mp at at
A large consortium, LTA Comiat AVERAGE TEAR | 47 1 a] 8 | 16
Housing, tells Business Day that al- PRESENT
though the United Building Society SHORTAGE | s2_| 0} seo) 288
granted R60m in 1983 to the private TOTAL REED
sector for financing bonds on houses ogo gaoa, | 939 | 486 | 207 | 1940 | 3882

below R60 000, only a small percent-
age of this had been spent — but not
for lack of trying.

The developers say they had
offered to build and finance 50000

homes below R40 000 per unit for all POPULATION}
population groups in 1983 but to date croup | ‘oo | % | ‘oo | * | 000) %
can only boast 250 completed, all in White im | a6 | 32 | 12 | 206 | 36

Lenasia.

The companies also offered to ser-
vice raw land in that area by agree-
ment with government and local au-
thorities but had received no
indication on how the site was to be
developed.

Waiting lists are also inaccurate,
the developers complain. Some pe
ple who have been on the list as long
as 10 to 15 years can now afford more
expensive homes, and many of those
officially listed have since made al-
ternate plans.

118

Source: Venter Commission report

TABLE 2
Houses built by Private & Public Sector’ 1975-1983
PRIVATE SECTOR | PUBLIC SECTOR | TOTAL

Coloured
& Asian as | 13 | 160 | 6 _| 286 | 50

Black 2] i1{ a] 2 [ sf
Totat 202 | 100 | 265 | 100 | 567 }100

Source: SA Statistics 1986, CSS P3 Series
‘Unpublished figures — Department of Community
Development

Notes: "Excludes public corporations
"Excludes National Black States

Venter Commission in March 1983
(Table 1).

Thus, while it may be common
knowledge that there is a critical


JPRS*SSA+854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

INTERNATIONAL FINANCE POLICIES BLAMED FOR HUNGER
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 9 Sep 85 p 3
[Article by Dr. G. S. J. Okoba}

[Text] The present-day food crisis in many AGrican countries has been brought
about by a number of factors. The acute shortage of foodstuffs has been caused,
in particular by the worsening ecological conditions.f Formerly fertile lands
were being absorbed by sahara sands.

Severe droughts are destroying entire agricultural areas. They gravely dam-
aged Nigerian agriculture in 1953, 1963, 1983 and 1984. As a result, the pos-
sibility of African countries attaining self-sufficiency in foodstuffs declined
from 98 per cent in 1960 to 86 per cent in 1980. According to the UN Economic
Commission for Africa in the 970s, food production in African countries was
going to 1.5 per cent yearly while the average annual population growth on the
continent stood at 2.8 per cent.

In the first half of the 1980s the food crisis grew into hunger. British ex-
perts have estimated that about 5 million African children died of hunger and
malnutrition in 1984 alone. Analyzing the reasons for this catastrophe.
Tanzanian President and current OAU Chairman, Dr. Julius Nyerere, singled out
the outdated methods of farming in most African countries whose agrarian sec-
tor is unable to feed the population.

Patrick Noma Jen of the Jalingo Teachers College (Nigeria) proved in his
article published in Sunday New Nigerian of February 10, 1985 that much of
the responsibility for the crisis rests with Western powers, above all, the
United States which matipulate their "food aid" for political purposes. In-
deed, the less Nigeria and other African countries were involved with the
former parent states becoming an integral part of the world capitalist econ-
omy the more they grew dependent on the Western powers whose governments
stressed time and again their responsibility for the socio-economic develop-
ment of liberated nations.

But guarantees of economic growth were usually replaced by speculations

about family planning in the spirit of the Maithus theory and scientific
recommendations on the upswing of agriculture and limited food supplies. It
was largely due to such food blackmail that the imperialist powers strengthened

20


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processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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cso:

Vereeniging

BAPSFONTEIN
Olifantafontein

unquoye66eq5
a
90 oona0caGof®

,
a

O AREAS AFFECTED coct: PROPOSED LINES meme EXISTING LINES

was met with a court award of only
R1,25m.

However, like it or not, expropri-
ations or forced acquisitions by local
authorities/province of private prope
ert: is for a purpose thal is of benefit
tothe community.

In the case of the goods lines, which
have been in the planning stages since
the mid-Sixties, the bottleneck at

3400/1167

114

Germ! Sats says, will be alleviat-
ed, as well as excessively long run-
ning times and delayed deliveries to
West Rand towns.

The Skansdam-Waterworks-Water-

_val line will bypass Germiston, Jo-

hannesburg and Langlaagte, whose
lines are ordinarily used for commut-
er services during the day and goods
lines overnight.


JPRS“SSA+85=096
8 October 1985

Kraaifontein Victims
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Sep 85 p 19
{Article by John MacLennan]

{Text ]

WHITES ‘can expect to be
drawn even further into the

spiral of township violence, but

there is no defined strategy to

make them political victims of

the freedom struggle for purely
* racial reasons.

This is the consensus among
academics who have studied
the country’s agony of unrest
and who were asked to com-

_ nent on its new development .
as a mob vented its anger on {
whites in the white Cape Town i

suburb of Kraaifontein.
And the immediate effects
they see is that many whites
can be expected to make’
laager by arming themselves
and opting for the hardline
safety offered by Dr Andries ,
Treurnicht. j
Dr Tom Lodge, who is a po-/
litical historian at Witwaters-
rand University, said of the
Kraaifontein incident: “It is not
a reflection of a strategy but a
mood, a mood that unrest
should be brought out of the
townships and into white areas
where they can be seen and
heard. :
“Up till now whites have ;
been féeling the unrest in their. ;
pockets, riot coming through |
, the windows in the form of
bricks.” |
The catise for this, he said, is

* that township dwellers per- '
. ceive the police to be on the
rampage. “This causes an ele-
ment of bitterness, a mood of

antipathy to whites and they ,

want to hit back. They feel |

whites should suffer as well. '

They are also. responding to

what they see as a revolution-

ary situation. The violence is
not being caused by hooligans.

The people who throw stones

are politically motivated.

“Stakes for blacks are very
high at the moment. They are
looking and listening for’ very
detailed and specific proposals |
and what they want is probably ;
not on the agenda. They want
real political power and the

Government is not prepared to

consider that in the near fu-

ture.”

cso: 3400/1142

He adds: “By decapitating
various movements trough
imprisoning activists and the
leadership, the Government
has now removed the people
who could control the more
violent fringes.”

He maintains that neither the
ANC nor UDF is behind the
new tactic. “There is no care-

. fully calculated programme to
terrorise whites, no conspira-
torial organisation is behind

" this. The ANC has stressed that
although it will go for soft tar-
gets, it is not out to kill white
civilians in particular.”

But he concedes there will be
a white backlash in that whites
will arm themselves. “There is
always the possibility of repri-
sals and vigilantes could hit
back. I am sure there are plen-

, ty of tough, aggressive people
around who would not obiect to
taking the law into their own
hands.”

In Cape Town some gun
dealers were reporting chaotic
sales over the last few days as
turnover increased by an esti-
mated 70 percent.

At the same time there has
been a near explosion in the
burglar alarm and_ security
guard trade around the coun-
try.

Police reaction to the have-
| a-go brigade:.“We view the at-
tack on a home in Kraaifontein
as an isolated incident. Any
person is entitled to defend his
or her property or life or that
of another person. This is a
Common Law fact. The police
are in principle opposed to the
forming of vigilante groups.”

Professor Charles Villa-Vi-
cencio, of the University of.
Cape Town’s Department of

Religious Studies, who .was .

himself arrested during the
abortive march on Pollsmoor
Prison, feels whites have been ;
cocooned against the violence
“because of the effective con-*
tainers provided by apartheid..: +

63

“Up till now whites have
been isolated or kept in igno-
rance of the dissatisfaction and -
the protest we are now wit-
nessing among blacks. As this
increases it is inevitable that it
will spill over (into white
areas). The days when we could
contain violence are over. It is
going to envelop all areas.” He
does not think whites have
been identified as specific tar-
gets and makes the point that
people of all races are joining
in the present wave of protest.

Some blacks, he feels, might
regard whites as “more accept-
able targets but the violence is
being vented on all classes of
the population.”

Many whites, he said, would
move towards the CP, but
“there is also an increasing
number of white people who
believe that unless something
is done now we will all lose in
this situation. They believe the
time has come to put pressure
on the Government.”

Professor Mike Hough, of‘
Pretoria University’s Depart-
ment of Political Studies,
makes the point that South
Africa has — over the years —
witnessed very little inter-ra-
cial violence.

“The United States has seen
more white-black confronta-
tion than we have here. Our ex-
perience of this is minimal.”

He also goes along with the
theory that the spillover is inci-
dental.

“For the average angry ston-
ethrower the symbols of au-
thority are right there in the
township. They need look no
further if they want to burn
down a post office, or a school,
or whatever.”

A white backlash could also
have severe economic effects
for blacks. “Many blacks find
their employment in white
areas and they could find their
access curtailed.”



cso:

3400/1177

spends most of the year, on and
off campus, it becomes close to
throwing money down the drain.
Everything about apartheid or
separate development or what-
ever its creators wish to call the!
system, is wrong. It is wrong to.
have so many black people, peo-:

ple who constitute the largest

proportion of the country’s
population, in second-rate situa-
tions. The country afterall is
spending a lot of money putting
children through university. To
have the products of such.
universities a bitter and unpre-
pared lot, is criminal waste.

74


JPRS“SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

KENYA

SOME KANU YOUTHWINGERS JAILED

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 30 Aug 85 pp 9-10

t M i .
(Text ] WHAT started out as a commendable job search their premises without valid

by Kanu youthwingers to assist the police
in stamping out crime has apparently
turned sour. Last week, it was reported
from Machakos that some youthwingers
in the district had been jailed for violent
acts during their anti-crime campaigns in
the district while othera were still
awaiting trial for either the same acts or,
other crimes.

The same week that youthwingers were
reported to have been arrested in’
Machakos, in Kisii, an assistant minister
for labour, Mr. Chris Obure, warned
youthwigers against harassing innocent

| People. Obure charged that the
youthwingers were misusing their powers
to harass people instead of assisting the
local administration in their task of main-
taining law and order. And early this
month, the Narok district executive com-.
" mittee complained to the minister of state
in the office of the president, Mr. Justus
ole Tipis, that youthwingers in the dis-
trict were creating problems. In response
Tipis told Narok youthwingers that the
party expected them to co-operate with
regular security forces to fight crime.
Despite these warnings, the government.
has not been able to tame the activities of
Kanu youthwingers. Kanu branches have
been unable to keep recotds of what are;
considered to be genuine youthwingers,
and their activities. The question of their
identification notwithstanding, party
youthwingers have no legal powers to
arrest or detain anybody. Those powers
rest with the police. In a situation where
anybody can pose as a Kanu youthwinger
and demand to arrest individuals or

10

authority, members of the public cannot,
help but be suspicious. Ideally,
youthwingers are supposed to accompany
the police in their missions but more often

than pot the youthwingers have opted to
make lone hunts for criminals under the
instigation of politicians.

The Nakuru district Kanu chairman,
Mr. Kariuki Chotara, was recently repor-
ted to have ordered a team of
youthwingers from the Naivasha sub-
branch to be deployed in the Mai Mahiu
trading centre to help ‘fight crime and
arrest those involved. Chotara did not say
whether the youthwingers were to assist
the’ police or to carry out their mission on
their own. A month earlier Chotara had
ordered youthwingers to hunt for an
alleged rich agitator from Central
Province who was said to have been
pouring money in the area to underinine
politicians. In Mombasa it was reported
that the district Kanu chairman, Mr,
Shariff Nassir, threatened to send Kanu
youthwingers to Kongowea and Kisauni
to mount a door-to-door campaign to foot.
out criminals. Such statements have not’
only encouraged youthwingers to ove! itep
their bounds but have served to confuse
the public as to who should mount raids
for criminals.

The newly elected Kanu natidnal chai.
man, Mr, Okiki Amayo, said last ‘week
that Kanu headquarters was preparing
policy guidelines on how to “tame
youthwingers. Amayo said the decision
“follows complaints from various corners
of.the republic: that ; ‘youthwingers. are
harassing .mémbers. of the public’, Said



JPRS*SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

OLDER JOBLESS REACH RECORD HIGH
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Sep 85 p 24

(Text} MORE people aged 55° expensive employees in

years and over are out of an age group that gener-

work in South Africa to- . ally has difficulty in relat-

day than at any time since _ ing to current-day electro-

the Second World War. nic technology,” says Mr
“Brand.

And prospects are that “Unfortunately _ these

* . 4 are invari-

many of anem will remain ably 55 and over, have

the Cronemy has when been — and will continue

nomy has start to be — replaced by

to recover — unless they younger, often less’ €X-
,

are prepared to move into Y2nebe.’ people who take
a different, possibly less- Pensive, peop! j
er, job category. . the computer age in their

stride”.
Le “Although this is
This is the view of Paul - ‘understandable, compan-
Brand, managing director *- jes should not be too
of Altolevel, one of the quick to dispense with
country’s larger recruit- their mature employees. °
ment advertising | agen: “Firstly, there is no’
cies. . . substitute for experience.
. “Secondly these are the
He bases this opinion people who tend to stay
‘on the two-pronged ef-° with an organisation
fects of the recession and. through thick and thin.
the technology . boom “The young brigade, «
sweeping South Africa on the other hand, are ac-
and the world. . tive job-hoppers in good’,
- economic times — so
“Under pressure to cut don’t expect to hold on to |
costs in the teeth of the _ them when the economy
recession, many compan-,.. has turned,” says -Mr
ies chose to lay off more Brand.

cso: 3400/1167

123



JPRS«SSA*85~+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FIRESTONE DONATION TO BLACK EDUCATION--East London--More than $220 000 was
presented to six Eastern Cape-based organisations by Firestone's managing
director, Mr Peter Morum, yesterday, a company statement said. The money is
part of R3,9 million donated by the American Firestone Tire and Rubber Com-
pany to black education and training programmes in South Africa. Among the
organisations to receive grants from Firestone were the Emthonjeni Training
Centre and the Teacher's Opportunity Programme, which received R55 000 each,
the Centre for Social Development at Rhodes University in Grahamstown got
R40 000, the Motherwell Day Care Centre and the Centre for Continuing Edu-
cation each received R 28 000 and the YMCA's Quarryman Grove Camping Centre
R14 000. At yesterday's presentation, Mr Morum restated Firestone's commit-
ment to education and training programmes in South Africa. [Text] [East
London DAILY DISPATCH in English 19 Sep 85 p 22]

SADF OFFICES OPEN--As from tomorrow liaison offices are to be established by
the South African Defence Force in 13 Eastern Province and Border towns where
complaints about tisconduct by members of the SADF in the townships can be
made. ‘The officer commanding Eastern Province Command, Brigadier C P van der
Westhuizen, has ordered that liaison offices be established where members of
the public can report complaints. Offices will be opened in Port Elizabeth,
Uitenhage, Kirkwood, Addo, Grahamstown, Somerset East, Cradock, Bedford,
Adelaide, Fort Beaufort, East London, Queenstown and Aliwal North. [Text]
[Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 10 Sep 85 p 6]

NO SOLIDARITY-NPP COALITION TALKS--Solidarity, official Opposition in the

House of Delegates, will not take part in any coalition talks with the ruling
National People's Party. This was made clear by the party's national secretary,
Mamoo Rajab, who was reacting to Palanisamy Devan's bid to set up talks between
the two parties. "My party is committed to the dismantling of apartheid and
the removal of all discriminatory legislation,” he said. Mr Rajab said it was
clear from the NPP's performance during the past parliamentary session that Mr
Rajbansi's objectives were not the same as that of Solidarity's. [Text]
{Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Sep 85 p 2]

MIXED RACE TRAINS--"Neutral" compartments were placed in the centre of Penin-
sula trains because they were the closest to commuter subways and bridges at
suburban stations, said the new public relations officer for South African
Transport Services in the Western Cape. Mr Luther Diedericks, who has invited

129



In his philosophy certain innmuta-”

bles apply.

'T
orun a successful company or a
successful bank you need to spend a

lot of time arriving at the right strate-

By. It requires creative insight and
vision. You need to look beyond the
problems of today and tomorrow to
where you want to be five and 10
years hence. You have to create the
right culture — the value systems
that drive the people of your organi-

sation. The issues of culture are, T°
think, what people can believe in the -
organisation — a culture of providing :

on-going training and development; a
culture of open communication in the
organisation; the culture to be win-
ners; and the culture to want to be
successful.

“These things I believe are terribly «

important in driving your business
through the very difficult challenges
of now and of how we perceive the
future.” ° .
More than ever before the strategy
is to select the right markets. “No
longer can you try to be all things to
all People ‘all ‘the time. You can’t
serve all market segments with all
Kinds of products at every possible
place.” .
Trust Bank, Bankorp’s commercial
banking arm, will focus on corporate
business and driving the international
operations of the group. Included in
e target client profile are up-scale
profess ionals as well as the middle
dividual and business market. “Our
strategic choice of the market seg-
ments must then be supported by the

right products.” ;
The product mix, says Van Wyk, is
constantly reviewed. “We have prod-

uct research and development activi-
ties in all major areas of the bank
which analyse existing, new and
emerging client needs. Certain pro-
ducts which don’t yield profits will be
either discarded or reviewed, up-
graded and enriched.

“Strategically, it is very important
to drive our business on relationship
banking. We believe you have to se-
lect your People to a certain psycho-
graphic profile to fit the psychogra:
phic profile of the market sector at
which ey are beaming your pro-
ducts. We have chosen our strategic

route as being mainly a metropolitan -

bank with a comparatively compact
branch network, mainly in densely

69

. tives,” he says, “is to get

populated areas supplying a selective
addition of electronic banking ser-

: vices to our customers.”

V.. Wyk stresses that the impera-
tives of excellence are not only in
products, branch location, techno: ony
and enough capital. They are also in
the marrow and bones of your people.
“The biggest challenge to execu-

t the organisa-

tion to accept technology, educate it
to use technology a

fo find the .

structures to manage technology. If ‘

: ie don’t, technology can be a waste- :
1 factor.”
Bankorp’s philosophy is that, by -

and large, banking subsidiaries will
generate their own capital from in-

ternal resources. Van Wyk points out ;'

that Trust Bank’s balance sheet has
doubled between 1983 and 1985. “Now
the challenge js to improve the qual-
ity of earnings and not go so fast on

" asset growth. Greater selectivity in

the business you put on your books is
riecessary so that your

id debt ex- |

rience will be comparatively low in ~

these difficult times.”

Fee income also needs to be ex-
tended to improve profitability. A
third major issue is to be much more
cost-effective and cut out unneces-
gary pockets of waste in the organisa-

ion.

“The major challenge is to improve
profitability, which will generate
more surplus profits to plough back
into the
steady and reliable dividend growth.
But it cannot be an explosive dividend
payment pattern if you have to in-
crease your capital base.”

Hl. adds that electronics has be-
‘come a strategic resource; harnessing

» technology for competitive purposes.

Like all corporate resources, it has to
be managed very, very tightly. The
management of technology has to be
integrated in the management of the
whole business.

He sees the role of the top executive

* as creating the right spark, the right

ethos and the right fibre in the body
corporate which will make it perform
like a top athlete. You have to stay
close to your people and key decision-
makers. What's needed is teamwork
and the confidence and collective en-
erey and thrust derived from team-
work.

jiness. It also implies a


Ina situation like, this it would
be quite unfair to prevent the
ECOWAS citizens from taking
home the one Tv he bought with
Naira, whereas his Asian or
European counterpart is, in ef-
fect, allowed to take two of such
home, and in foreign currency
value. This is. of course, not to
say that Nigerians should be
made to suffer as a result of the
economic “activities of their
neighbours. Far from that. What
is meant here is that in an effort
to solve Nigeria’s economic pro-
blems, adequate care ‘should be
taken to ensure that the
legitimate interests of
neighbours are also catered for.
For, as Margaret Thatcher said
recently, any country that ig-
nores the reality of its
geographical position does so at
its own peril.

The FMG is, for instance, total-
ly justified in taking all
reasonable measures to stop
smuggling .and to prevent in-
dividuals from carrying away IN
COMMERCIAL QUANTITY
commodities imported into
Nigeria meant for use by
Nigerians. But to prevent
foreigners (especially ECOWAS
citizens) resident and working in
Nigeria from taking’ home per-
sonal effects (new or old) bought
with legitimately-earned Naira;
is to carry the argument too far.

In my candid opinion, the
political! and economic advan-
tages to be gained by Nigeria in
fostering strong ECOWAS rela-
tions supercedes by farr cosmetic

cs0: 3400/1190

advantages gained as a result of
such actions as described above.
In the long run, the forward
movement of ECOWAS will do
far more to solve our combined
regional econon problems
than such short-term measures
like border-closures and str-
ingent custoins !aws. Afterall
there’s no telling the fact that
these borders are artificial. No
wonder they are aiways difficull to

police.

Finally, | would like totake this
opportunity to appeal to the
federal government on
humanitarian grounds, to reopen
Nigeria's borders for about three
weeks in August this year. to,
enable ECOWAS citizens who
want toleave finally to do so with

. the minimum of hardship and

cost. My reason is that whereas
the Asia contract officer is given
free air passage home for
himself, his family and proper-
ties, after serving his contract,
the ECOWAS contract officer is
given no such help. He has to bear
all the cost of going back home
himself, Needless to say. it-is
very prohibitive when fanuls and
properties have to leave by air,
Only afew ECOWAS citizens. if
any, can bear such cost.

Also on humanitarian grounds,
the federal government can allow
those going home finally to get
out by means of the border posts.
Such a temporary measure wiil
bring a lot of relief to thousands
of. our hard-pressed neighbours
without having any ill effect on
the Nigerian economy.



LAW SOCIETIES CONCERNED ABOUT EMERGENCY POWERS

JPRS“SSA=854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Sep 85 p 22

[Text]

cso:

THE “ “deep “concern”
of South African attor- }
jmeys about the wide
i powers the emergency ;

‘regulations give to the —- .-----

‘police and army was
f expressed to the Minis-
iter of Justice, Mr Ko-
! bie Coetsee, this week.
he The Presidents of the
Association of Law Socie-
: ties, Mr G C Cox, and the,
}: Law Society of the ‘Trans-
&e ‘val, Mr EM Southey,
told the Minister of their «
leoncern “regarding the
inroads which have been

In a statement yester-
day, Mr.Cox said the ef-

* regulations “is that an in-

; habitant of this country
who has committed no
crime can be subject toa.

i humiliating and degrad-
ing imprisonment without ©

4 any recourse to the law. If.

} a mistake is made it is un-

| likely that the victim will
receive any recompense”.

Mr Cox pointed out

that under the regulations *
“any person can be im-
prisoned if, in the opinion

» of a policeman, soldier or

3400/1175

{fect of the emergency -

prison offical, “uch im-
prisonment is necessary;
for the maintenance of
public order,

“There is no require-
ment that any offence
should have been com-
mitted.” "

He said the fact that a |
person has been arrested {
and imprisoned may not
be disclosed to anyone, |

_ not even to the prisoner's.

family, without the con:
sent of the Minister of’
Law and Order.

While in jail the pris-
‘oner can and probably
will be prohibited from
writing any letters or re~
ceiving any visits from his
family or friends and he,
cannot see his lawyer
without the permission of
the Minister or of the:
Commisioner of Police.

If consent for a visit by
an attorney is given, the!

consultation must take.

place in the hearing of a
prison official.
Mr Cox said: “While in

98

prison the prisoner may.
not have any reading mat-
ter other than the Bible or«
other religious books sup-
plied by the prison auth-
orities, he may not re-
ceive food parcels, he*
may not speak to other _
prisoners and he may not \
have a radio or tape re-

, corder or musical instew- |

* ment. ”

“Furthermore’, ‘If the *

; Prisoner sings or makes

/ frivolous complaints or:

conducts himself in any °

{ other manner which is?

' contrary to good order.

+ and discipline he can. be :

» punished, -Punishments

* can include a whipping or
solitary confinement on
spare diet’.””

“Mr Cox said the auth-
orities.have a full indem-
nity against civil or crimi-
nal proceedings unless it
can be proved that they
did not act in good faith.
— Sapa.



four wheel vehicle could endure
the tortous journey to where the
water is,

For the moment, he added,
they would continue to live with
the problem until the lake drew
nearer to enable them use boats.

At Doron Buhari, the last out-
post east of New Marte where
farmers and fishermen abandon-
ed pursuing the lake, the
villagers told the New Nigerian
that the expanding lake had
reached Bulungua just across the
border with Cameroun.

One Malam Garba Baga said
some settlers had started moving
out of the area to their villages in
New Marte, Kirenowa and others
for fear of their safety.

After a heavy downpour which
measured 64.5 millimetres, the
movement of people out of the
area.quickened. About 30 of the 70
families in Doron Buhari left im-
mediately. In certain areas, peo-
ple had to be rescued by the
border patrol team.

Others still remained behind to
harvest their maize and beans
which are just maturing.

However, alam. Garba.

wondered if the e: ding lake
would allow them time to do so
since the area was within the lake
basin.

The General Manager of the
CBRDA, Alhaji Bunu Sheriff, had
pointed out that the expansion of
the lake coulfl be rapid because
the lake basin was already rain-
soaked, .

More rainfall had been receiv-
ed so far in the area than in re-
cent years. Rain figures made

3400/1187

34

available to the New Nigerian
showed that New Marte had by
the beginning of this month
recorded 252.4 millimetres and
average August rainfall is
235.3mm.

Total rainfall in the area is ex-
pected to top those received inthe
last decade. In Baga, this year’s
rainfall had so far exceeded that
of last year by about 10.9mm.

The news of the recovery of the
lake had geared the CBRDA into
action. After suspending its ir-
rigation project in New: Marte
following the receding of the lake,
the General Manager told the
New Nigerian that equipment and
personnel were now being
withdrawn from Southern Borno
having completed their assign-
ment this year in readiness for ir-
rigation project in New Marte in
November. -

He said the authority had 1,500
tonnes of seeds, enough to
cultivate about 18,000 “hectares
adding that there were sufficient
fertilizers and insecticides. The
General Manager said the level
of hectarage to be cultivated
would depend on the level of
water in the lake.

Alhaji Bunu Sheriff said the
CBRDA was working on a plan to
make farmers in the area live a
settled life instead of allowing
them to pursue the lake when it
receded.

He said the ecology of the area
would be studied to predict water
position so that wells would be
dug and smail pumps provided to
enable the inhabitants farm’ in
their locality whenever the lake
shrank,


JPRS#SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

TIMES CAUTIONS ON BORDER REOPENING--The DAILY TIMES advises the federal govern-
ment to be cautious while considering the reopening of the country's land
borders. This, the paper says, is because the situation that brought about the
closure of the borders is as relevant today as it was in April last year when
they were closed. The TIMES advises that before the reopening, adequate steps
should be taken to ensure the containment of the illegality that necessitated
the closure. [From the press review] [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in
English 0900 GMT 11 Sep 85 AB]

PANA TO ESTABLISH REGIONAL POOL--The PAN-AFRICAN NEWS AGENCY (PANA), has con-
cluded an agreement with Sudan for the establishment of the East African
regional pool. The Central African pool will be established in Zaire while

the West African pool will be sited in Nigeria. Their agreements will be signed
soon. [Excerpts] [Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 9 Sep 85 AB]

csO: 3400/1095

59



JPRS#SSA4854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

PAPER CALLS FOR WINDFALL PROFITS TAX ON MULTINATIONALS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 Aug 85 p 3

{Editorial]

[Text]

ACCORDING to a recent issue of ‘the New
Africa, 14 of the multinational corporations
operating in this country, declared profits
amounting to about 140 million Naira las! year.
This the magi.zine stated, was more than 40 per
cent of their combined profits in 1983. Two of
them, the United African Company (UAC) and
Guiness Nigeria Limited are prime examples.
They carted away a whopping 30.9 million Naira
and 26.7 million Naira respectively.

Ironically, the austerity measures provided
the groundwork for these windfall profits. The
import restriction measures, which led to scar:
city of raw materials and by implication pro-
ducts, ultimately led to snowballing market
prices.

When, however, the industries began to
receive the imported raw materials and full _
operations commenced, only a desultory at-
tempt was made at a readjustment of the
already high prices. But that is only part of the
explanation. And we certainly find nothing to
cheer over this seeming success of the multina-
tionals in the face of bitting austerity. What we,
however, find very offensive is the fact that
under the guise of the same austerity, the com-
panies threw out many of their workers by the

undreds. Last year alone, for instance, as
many as 4,000 were laid off by the United
African Company. Guiness Nigeria Limited laid

cso: 3400/1189

30

off over 1,000 workers within the same period. If
the companies had any justification for doing so
when there was work stoppage because of the
unavailability of raw materials, there was no
reason why they ought not have recalled them
as soon as things improved. Their failure to do
so easily lends credence to the thinking that
their actions were punitive to the government
for restrictions on foreign exchange and other
imports. .

Whatever was the case, we think it’s about
time, to put a tab on the exploitative tendencies
of the multinationals. First It is our view that
now that there are indications that they are do-
ing well, government ought to give them
directives, not only to recall their retrenched-
Staff, but also to employ a certain percentage of
other productive Nigerians who unavci laity
lost their jobs in government establishments.

Seconday we would recommend that
henceforth windfall or ‘‘obscene’’ protits made
by them or any other companies for that matter
be regarded as unearned income which must be
taxed punitiveiy.

For all intents and purposes, the multina-
tionals must be made to put our national in-.
terést above the profit objectives of their parent
companies and technical partners. We must de-
mand nothing less.


A WHITE suburb has come under
attack for the first time since the
unrest flared up a year ago.

This week the surges of violence in

the Cape Peninsula spread out of the _

coloured and black areas and into the
suburb of Windsor Park.

Shouting youths swept on to the highway
in the Kraaifontein area, outside Cape
Town, blocked the road with burning tyres
and obstacles and then stoned and petrol-
bombed neighbouring houses in the white
suburb.

Mrs Yvonne Houreau was alone at home

_ about 8.45pm and had just finished bath-
ing when she heard the next-door neigh-
bour’s dog barking.

“J went out the front door and they were

out in the road dancing among these

flames. They pointed at me and were laugh-
ing and shouting,” she said.
She came inside just as a brick smashed
through the front window of the house.
Seconds later another brick hit the front

door.

“My husband was out at a meeting so I
called my son and he called the police”.

Down the road 75-year-old Mrs Cornelia
Nolan huddled in the passage with her three
grandchildren as rocks landed oh the roof
and a petrol bomb smashed against the
back wall, but did not explode.

“They must have climbed over the fence
because we could hear them running about

“and shouting in the yard,” she said:

Her son, Mr Hansie Nolan, went outside
but the youths had fled. ,

Ilhana Smit, 14, and her ill mother
switched off the lights and hid in their
house directly behind the Nolans.

“We heard people running ‘about and
chanting,” she said. “It was very frighten-
ing.” :

The fence separating the suburb from the
highway is about two metres high and lined

62

~ with rusty barbed wire.

Mrs Joey Emrich said the problems had
started several hours before the attack on
the houses,

“Before going to a church meeting my
son saw people throwing stones at cars on
the highway and said we should call the
police,” she said.

“When we came back we saw a whole
horde of them dancing and shouting in the
road with tyres burning.

“Next thing they had started throwing
stones and petrol bombs at the white
houses.” .

The white folk of Windsor Park decided
to take matters into their own hands.

“Lots of shots were fired,” said Mrs
Emrich. “My son fired one shot but only
into the ground among the rioters.”

‘Two of the youths were shot and serious-
ly injured.

“Then the police arrived, parked a Cass-
pir in the highway and they ran away,”
said Mrs Hoareau.

Windsor Park is a predominantly work-
ing-class neighbourhood and the people’s
reaction was generally one of defiance.

“T have three hunting rifles, a night-
scope, and three handguns. They are play-
ing with fire if they think they can come
over here and throw rocks around,” was the
reaction of one man in the area.

He said he often worked in the neighbour-
ing coloured suburb of Scottsville — from
which direction the youths had come — and
had no doubt it was the “skollies” who were

__ causing the problems.

Mr Rob Muiyser had not been at home
when the youths came, but said he had a
gun and “will use it before they can throw
stones at me”.

Estimates of the number of youths who
had crossed the highway into the white sub-
urb varied from ”a handful” to 200.

Over the road in Scottsville residents said

they thought the youths had not come from
their neighbourhood.


JPRS#SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HNP MEMBERS URGED TO GIVE UP TV, BOOST PARTY FUNDS

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 9 Sep 85 p 7

[Text] PRETORIA. — Members of the Herstigte Nasion-
ale Party have been urged to have their television
sets sealed and give the licence fees to the party.

A member of the party’s executive, Mr JH
Boonzaaier, told the HNP congress at the weekend
- that he refused to pay his licence fee last year.

He wrote letters to the Minister of Foreign Af:
fairs, Mr Pik Botha, the director-general of the
SABC, Mr Riaan Eksteen, and the SABC-TV in-
spectorate, saying he refused to pay licence fees
for a service that had been turned into an instru-
ment to destroy the “volk”.

JOURNALISTS

The inspectorate told him he could legally avoid
paying licence fees by disconnecting the TV set
and its antenna. The inspectorate would seal the
set and refund licence fees.

Mr Boonzaaier did not say whether he followed
this course.

He warned journalists “the wheel is turning” and
they, would pay for mocking things sacred to the

Their names were being recorded and when con-’
servatives came to power they would in one way
_or the other “be made responsible for their deeds”.

; They should not think conservatives would be
willing to forgive and forget, Mr Boonzaaier said.

cso: 3400/1175

99



JPRS“SSA+854096

8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FINDINGS OF 'MARKETING PLAN FOR SA ECONOMY’ REPORTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Sep 85 p 6

[Article by David Furlonger]

{Text]

dent on South Africa’s mineral

deposits must be put under

pressure to relocate their op-
erations here. .

Such a move would create employ-
ment and stave off further attempts
at disinvestment, says a document be-
ing studied by government officials.

e document — “Marketing Plan
for the SA Economy” — was prepared
by businessmen from some of South
Africa’s biggest corporations, and is
offered as an alternative to the gov-
ernment’s White Paper on industrial ;
development. ?

It warns manufacturing industries ~
that the local market is too small to
justify heavy investment in local
manufacture.

“Future investments in SA, where
such investments, because of econo-
mies of scale, necessitate plant with
capacity that is well in excess of the
local market, should only be permit-
ted where strong supporting evidence -
is submitted to show that the capacity
which is in excess of the local market .
requirement will be exported. This
will ensure that the plant operates
efficiently and ddes not distort the
economy with excessively high

a multinationals depen-.-

It says the major “application
should be to convert or process raw ;
materials into added-value products
... “We should exploit the benefits of
our unique position with respect to
metals and minetals”. !

The document concludes that SA’s.
best short-term plan is to make great-
er use of the multi-national corpora- °

121

tions that use South African minerals.
“South Africa has for many years

been a market ‘for multi-national .

companies but, with very few excep-
tions, these companies have not per-
ceived SA to be a source supply for

: components or other inputs to their
‘operations elsewhere in the world.

"Tass
his attitude prevails despite the
fact that we have effective control of
a huge proportion of strategic world
minerals and metals. We also have
some of the best technology in the
world to extract and process many of
these minerals and metals.

“If the multi-national companies
had substantial investments SA,

and SA was a major supplier of com- .
. ponents to their operations in other

countries of the world, the current
disinvestment call would never have
got to first base.

“We recommend SA should use its
economic power to persuade multi-

, nationals who are currently adding

value to SA raw materials in coun-
tries elsewhere in the world to ‘re-
locate certain secondary processes to
this country.

“The invitation should be extended -
all those persons interested around +

the world currently buying raw mate-
rials from SA, to relocate or establish
new facilities in SA to process and add
value to raw materials.”

The document points out that busi-
nessmen must be prepared for major,
fundamental changes to the South
African consumer market.



RICH DEPOSITS OF TIN, ZINC, LEAD DISCOVERED IN KANO

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 18 Aug 85 p 1

{Article by Salisu S. Na'Inna]

[Text]

cso:

FEASIBILITY studies on
the viability of exploiting
mineral deposits at Riruwai vil-
lage of Tudun Wadar Dankadai
Local Government area of

3400/1189

Kano State have so far shown
that 5 million tonnes of good
grade ore composing jointly of
tin, zine and lead exist in the
area.

‘The acting General Manager
of Riruwai Mines Limited, a
subsidiary of the Federal Gov-
ernment-owned Nigerian Min-
ing Corporation (NMC), Mr.
Philip H. Bray. who revealed
chis to Sunday Triumph in
an interview said that more de-

posits of the ore could be disco-

vered since exploration activi-
ties were still going on.

In his opinion. a substantial
amount of foreign exchange
could be earned by Nigeria for
selling the ore in addition to the
estimated 500) hands that would
be employed should the pro-
jects take off.

He explained that at the very
least. 1) tonnes of pure tin
could be produced daily for 145

40

JPRS=SSA=854096

8 October 1985

years,

But if the highest out off rate
of 1.2 per cent would be consi-
dered, the life of the mine could

_ be 4% years at the rate of 1100

tonnes of pure tin concentrate
daily or ten years at the rate of
100 tonnes a day,

Mr Bray who is also the De-
puty Managing Director in-
charge of Special Duties at the
Nigerian Mining Corporation
feared that a local market for
tin does not seem to exist now
in the country,

NIGERIA


TACTICS OF FOREIGN NEWSMEN COME UNDER SCRUTINY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Sep 85 p 17

{Article by David Braun]

[Text]

The massive negative publicity that South Africa is
currently receiving abroad has placed the Govern-
ment in a quandary.

Selective reporting and increasing incidents of mis-
representation are boosting an increasingly popular
argument in Government quarters that troublemak-
ers clearly interested only in sensational “hypes”
should be ordered out.

* But at the same time there is the still dominant
school of thought that “constructive engagement” and
improved relations with the foreign media with a

view to improving the accuracy and objectivity of ©

coverage would be much more effective.

There are also moves afoot to re-establish some
sort of State information service, either in the form
of a department or a bureau, possibly under a Minis-

ter in the Office of the State President.

On the side of the hardliners, at least one Govern-
ment official seriously suggests that a news blackout
for a limited period of a month or so would do more
to restore calm in the country than anything else.

Foreign correspondents encourage these senti-
ments by frequently transgressing basic principles
and ethics of journalism.

Government embassies report that biased coverage
of the South African situation, highlighting the worst
possible aspects, have almost become the norm,
broadcasting to the world on a daily basis a vivid
picture of a country at full-scale civil war or in ad-
vanced stages of violent revolution.

At last count there were, 162 accredited foreign
news people in the country, excluding stringers, with
another 70 or more applying for visas.

According to one senior official closely involved
with the foreign Press, only last week.a television
journalist was caught paying black youngsters in
Diepkloof to burn their school books (for filming pur-

. poses), while in the Western Cape a camera crew °

which missed earlier action asked a crowd of blacks
to re-enact a stone-throwing scene.

In an incident verified by an American diplomat, a
US camera team paid a black family to have their

82

JPRS+SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

KENYA

LARGE AMOUNT OF GUNS TAKEN FROM SOUTH NYANZA DISTRICT

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 30 Aug 85 p ll

{Text ] THIS Saturday marks the deadline to handed in were not crude home-made

what has turned out to be a rather bizzare
campaign: the amnesty to surrender
illegal: guns in South Nyanza District.
What started out as an ordinary exercise
developed into a campaign which pointed
to a serious and widely spread problem:
By the time of our going to press this

week, over 500 guns had been handed over |

to the administration. It was anyone’s
guess how many more were still being
hidden.

It all stared out early in June when
about 100 policemen combing through the
district on a special operation unearthed
eight home-made gun “factories”. A few
days later, the team had confisticated 40
such home-made guns which included
crude pistols and rifles. By the middle of

the month, 22 people had been arrested,

and charged with the illegal manufactur-
ing of the weapons. The provincial
administration then declared an amnesty
for all those who had illegal weapons in
their possession to surrender them to the
local officials by the end of July at no risk
of prosecution. The amnesty was later
extended by President Daniel arap Moi to
August 31. * st
Initially, there was only a trickle. Then.
the guns really started coming in as their
illegal owners took advantage of the
amnesty. Daily reports in the press said
the guns were being handed in in scores to
chiefs and district officers especially in
Ndhiwa, Migori and Macalder divisions.
By early this week as the deadline

approached, the guns were still coming in. ©

At the beginning of the exercise, it
appeared that the main problem was one
of home-made guns. As. the weapons
began to come in, however, it soon
became clear that many of those being

types but sophisticated patented ones.
Despite what appeared.to casual obser-
vers as a massive response to the
government’s amnesty, the local

administration felt there were many more ,

weapons still hidden in the area.

South Nyanza lies on the corner of the
country where the Kenya-Tanzania and ©
Kenya Uganda borders join and has been
the scene of several bloody clashes,
between the Luo and Kuria tribes in the”
past. It also has had a high incidertce of
atock rustling both between the resident
tribes and across the borders. Police and
administration officials say a feeling ot
insecurity among the residents may have
contributed to the manufacturing of
home-made guns. The government has
been assuring people there that it was
providing enough security to make it
unnecessary for anyone to make or retain
illegal arms for legitimate protection of
either their families or property.

Police say the patented weapons found
their way into the area following the 1979

“war in Uganda when former dictator Idi

Amin was overthrown by the combined
forces of Tanzanian army and Uganda
guerrillas, Whatever the case, the
numbers of guns so far recovered was high
enough to be a potential cause of a serious
breach of the peace and security.

While security and law enforcement
agencies were still concerned about how
many’ of the illegal guns. may still be
hidden in South Nyanza, they, have.
reason erough to also worry about how
many have filtered through there to other.
parts of the country. Gun-related crimes
in the country have been on the increase,"
prompting President Moi to publicly:



GDR Grants Multimillion Dollar Credit for Machinery
(NEW NIGERIAN, 26 Aug 85)...eeresececcccccccccvevccseeseens 42

Abacha Charges Soldiers, Briefs Mechanized Division
(DAILY TIMES, 10 Sep 85)..ceceseccecserccccccececceseeeeees 43

Immigration Personnel Yet To Receive Fire Arms
(Samson Namo; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 1 Sep 85)..csecececeeceeeseee 44

Air India Requests Special Airport Security
(DAILY TIMES, 19 Aug 85) ..ececcccccncesercecceceeseeseesees 45

NEPC Presses for New Export Drive
(Michael Oduniyi; BUSINESS TIMES, 2 Sep 85).....sseeeeeeees 46

FRG, Spain Providing More Ships
(Jackson Imafidon; BUSINESS TIMES, 9 Sep 85).....sseseseere 47

Cocoa Production Increase Expected
(Raheem Mohammed; DAILY TIMES, 7 Sep 85)...seeeeeeeeecseeee 48

Students To Carry Exit Cards
(DAILY TIMES, 6 Sep 85).ceseccecccvccccvsccsenecceseseseses 49

Nation's Economy, IMF's Requirements Viewed

(Femi Aribisala; NIGERIAN FORUM, Mar/Apr 85).. 50
Briefs
Army Divisional Commanders Named 58
300 Military Personnel Promoted 58
Religious Sect Celebrates Festival 58
TIMES Cautions on Border Reopening 59
PANA To Establish Regional Pool 59
SEYCHELLES
Briefs
Pledge for Food Fund 60
Rene Warns Enemies 60
Two New Parastatals 60

SOUTH AFRICA

Whites Increasingly Drawn Into Violence
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Sep 85) .ccseeceecccvcccccesccesecerress 61

Residents Talk, by Chris Whitfield 61
Kraaifontein Victims, by John MacLennan 63


cso:

3400/1197

However, some problems are likely to remain with
indigenous carriers unless urgent steps are taken by the
government to assist them. One, is the lack of trained
manpower. it is evident that where shipping technology
is concerned Nigeria is still deficient. It is however
Pertinent to recognise the efforts of the goverment to
train Nigerians at the World Maritime University in
Sweden. Nonetheless, the six people now studying at
the university can hardly meet the nation’s needs.

There are also indications that foreign lines have
constituted themselves into a cartel to thwart Nigerian
Participation in the very lucrative maritime trade along
the West African coast. A formes minister of Transport
and Aviation, Alhaji Ibrahim Abdullahi, once linked the
activities of these lines with the failure of the first
committee under the civilian administration, to come

‘out with useful suggestions.

In spite of these obstacles, the federal government
should break the monopoly of foreign interests in the
trade along the West African route, as well as increase
the foreign exchange earning of the country through
shipping. (NANFEATURES).

37



IJPRS#SSA485+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRESSURES ON NATION'S BANKING SYSTEM NOTED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 85 p 6

[Article by Hellouise Truswel1]

nomic and political tumult,
gloom and despondency’ have,
not surprisingly, settled on bank-;
ing circles. To deal with pressures:
currently endemic in banking insti-
tutions, ferculean fortitude is need-

[Text] [: A TIME of unprecedented eco-,

Fears of rising bad debts are preva-
Tent. Insolvencies hiked 53% in the
first six months of 1985. Volatility in ,
interest and currency exchange rates
defeats the best lai pans.

Says Dr Chris van tha Trust Bank *
MD: “The wild fluctuation in rates of
exchange increases immensely the
tisk of loan losses on your books. This
volatility affects your customers in
ways which have both been tried and -
tested. We are not on an experience
curve. The immense unpredictability
means planning, budgeting and con-
trol are major challenges.”

Difficulties obtaining credit are ex-‘
acerbated by the.demand to bolster
the capital base to meet tougher re-

irements of an amended Bank Act.

e list continues: the imponderables
inherent in the reintroduction of the
two-tier rand and the debt moratori-
um; and the ever-present, abrasive
competitiveness amongst the five

ajor banking groups.

It is a moot point whether manage-
ment in banking is coping in the pre-
sent stressed climate. What is appar-
ent is that with today’s peremp ry
challenges in overdrive it is a sine ,
qua non that energetic specialist-
skilled blood is needed to steer bank-
ing through the crisis of confidence.

68

F.. comparatively young lions
with vastly different backgrounds and
approaches are charged with manag-
ing Standard, Nedbank, Barclays, -
Volkskas and Trust Bank. Business
Day spoke to two of them, Volkskas’
Danie Cronje and Trust bank’s Chris
van Wyk, on their tough roles.

The new breed of banker must have
uncommon capacity for hard work.
Seemingly the exercise of unabashed
vigour is crucial to a career in bank-
ing management. Also crucial is the
need for professional management
and a scientific analysis of customer
and product profital llity predicated
on intelligent pricing an over-
banked environment.

For as MD and chief executive offi-
cer of Volkskas, Pieter Morkel sums
it up: “The bank of the Eighties is
facing the stiffest test in its history.”

Trustbank MD Chris van Wyk, now
48, wrote his Stellenbosch University
doctoral thesis on long-term econom-
ic projections of private consumer ex-
penditure in SA. His banking career
progressed from economic advisor
and later GM of Senbank to Trust
Bank senior GM in 1977. He assumed
MD responsibilities in 1983.

He strides into his office the way a
confident boxer moves into the centre
of the ring. Sanguine he is not, given

it circumstances; nevertheless,
;he generates quiet confidence. He
talks straight and economically with
‘discernible authority, prefer to
focus on long-term strategy ra'
than intense shorter-term problems
at Trust Bank. a


JPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

URBANIZATION STRATEGY REPORT SEEN AS SENSIBLE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Sep 85 p 4

[Commentary]

[Text]

‘ost of the recommenda-
tions made in the Presi-
dent’s Council report of

the Committee for Constitutional
Affairs on an urbanisation stra-
tegy, make sense.

The abolition of influx control
and the replacement of reference
books are the main recommenda-
tions.”

Among other things, the stra-
tegy rests on migration to urban
centres being based on the free

movement of all citizens. in the -

country.

This would necessarily entail '

the abolition of influx control, as
applied in terms of Act 25 of
1954, and that uniform identity
documents be issued to all people
in the country.

If the recommendations are

no reason why they should not,
‘ then this Government would
have moved towards structural
change — the type of change that
* blacks have been calling for.
; Naturally many people will be
" sceptical about the actual imple-
mentation of the recommenda-
tions should they be accepted by
Government.

followed to the letter, and we sée +

The black population, coming ‘

through a very tough time under
the state of emergency, will not
easily erase some of the more bit-

i

77

t ter experiences they have gone

through.

Even worse they will remem-
ber past broken promises; how,
for instance, it had been prom-
ised that influx control would be

also that the pass laws would be
relaxed and were instead inten-
sified.

Most blacks will not be jump-
ing in elation about the citi-

phased out, and was not; and -

-zenship issue as it: takes them -

back to the days before the
homelands policy was intro-
duced.

It is anybody’s guess if blacks

will ever be accorded political :

rights.
“We do not wish to be uncces-
sarily harsh on the President’s

“Council. They are probably ~

doing their best.

What needs to be explained be-
fore we and other are accused of
an intransigence to appreciate

any change, is the removal of the |

obnoxious appendages of the
apartheid policy is perceived by
the people as movement towards
an ultimate self-determination.

We, incidentally, seem to have
the same views as Dr Andries
Treurnicht on this score.

When the average black man
speaks of “freedom” in a some-
what vague and generalised fash-



006021.

“JPRS-SSA-85-096
8 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| er REPRODUCED BY .
NATIONAL TECHNICAL wee : : if

INFORMATION SERVICE ae :

___ OS FRA an oo ae S51.



JPRS*SSA=85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FACTIONS STILL DISAGREE, ONE YEAR AFTER TRICAMERAL ELECTIONS

Durban POST NATAL in English 11-14 Sep 85 p 6

{Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

MOST of the warnings given by opponents of '
the tricameral system had been proven cor-
rect, the Natal Indian Congress said this
week,

On the first anniversary of the 1984 tricameral elec-
tions, the NIC said that far from heralding if a period
of reform, peace, and prosperity, the “new deal” had

* ushered in an era of increased repression and econom- '
ic chaos. i

However, both the ruling and opposition ies in
the House of Delegates have defended their decision to
participate, and have indicated that they will continue _
to make use of the system. .

NIC acting leader Thumba Pillay said there was no
evidence to support the “we are going in to dismantle
apartheid” promises of NPP leader Amichand Raj-
bansi and Labour Party leader Allan Hendrickse. :

“Rajbansi and Hendrickse have become difficult to '
identify from the most ardent of National Party sup-
porters,” Mr Pillay said. '

“They have supported the Government — either
by saying so or by conveniently remaining silent — in
some of the most repressive actions undertaken by it.
In addition, the President's Council has become the
rubber stamp of National Party legislation.

“What we have in effect is National-Party rule -
under a new guise. Only the most naive of us would
think otherwise.”

The tricameral system was supposed to have
ushered in a period of reform, peace, and prosper-
ity, Mr Pillay said. But what had emerged instead
‘was;

i A rise in GST and the cost of living;

TM Wages that were unable to keep pace with rising

food prices;

i Mass unemployment and an unprecedented number’
of insolvencies;

@ Unrest in townships, schools, and universities;

@ The country in a virtual state of civil war and the

Government ruling by decree through a State of

Emergency;

@ The appearance of groups threatening whole com-

munities with violence and dispensing jungle justice,

@ Unprecedented repression of progressive forces

through the Internal Security Act; ‘

103

{@ Political assassinations, detentions, and mysterious
disappearances of anti-Government activists;

TM Deaths in the townships at a conservative estimate
of four people a day every day;

\ i More treason trials;

@ Suspicion, bitterness, and hostility between the

: haves and the have-nots;

| @ The country in an economic mess with the rand
' sinking to a level which even the most pessimistic
* would not have predicted.”

“The Government's version of reform has in 12
months proved an utter failure,” Mr Pillay said.

“Rajbansi and Hendrickse may claim a few vic-
tories, but these have been created and intended to
justity their continued participation in the system.
That is how the system operates and it is tragic that
‘those participating in the ‘tricameral system have not
Seen, or refuse to see, through this charade.

“Phé honourable thing for all those who opted
for participation to do is to resign. Personal finan-
cial gain and grandeur could be the only motives
for their continued participation.” .

NPP leader Amichand Rajbansi said the first year
in the tricameral parliament had been one of varied

toblems.

_ “The elections were
tushed, the structures
used after the elections
were put together in a
short space of time, we
were unprepared, inex-
périenced,” Mr Rajbansi
said.

— {In respect of the -

House of Delegates, we
had to deal with a budget
that was already deter-
tiined by the previous
administration and in
spite of the improve-
ments we were able to
effect, our performance
‘was still subject to finan-
cial limitations.
“So I would describe ,

the past year as the year
of settling down.”



HOME OWNERSHIP PRIME OBJECTIVE SAYS COMMITTEE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 85 p 12

[Text] HOME ownership for as

cso:

. many people as possible
should be set as a national
housing objective and, in
addition to existing pro-
grammes, ways of fur-
thering this aim should be
investigated, a President’s
Council committee has
reported.

The report recom- |

mended that differentia-
tion in respect of forms of
home ownership and land

tenure should be pro- §

moted for all population
groups in order to provide
for. varying economic
needs.

The extension of lease-
hold to the sub-economic
housing component of all
population groups should
be considered.

The committee recom-
mended that special pro-
grammes should be for-
mulated and launched for
the purposeful reduction
of the backlogs that affect
the various population
groups.

Complete demographic
projections on a regional
basis should be made with
a view to town planning
considerations and hous-
ing provision.

‘As regards housing

matters, attention should

be given to:

3400/1150

@ An investigation of
the desirability and feasi-
bility of establishing and
/or co-ordinating financial
institutions to create,
channel and mobilise fi-
nancial sources for hous-
ing as part of a housing
strategy, with particular
attention to long-term fi-
nancing programmes di-
rected mainly at the low-
income categories.

@.The establishment
of self-help schemes

and/or support for such’

schemes.

@ The promotion: of
upgrading schemes.

@ The more effective
co-ordination of research
into alternative cheaper
and more cost-effective
building methods and
methods of providing ser-
vices, as well as more rap-
id practical application of
research results and the
formulation of minimum
housing standards, with
the aid of further re-
search, if necessary, with
a_view to informal settle-
ment in particular.

: @ Priority treatment of
greater stratification of
housing in existing and fu-
ture Black urban areas.

@ Acceptance, as a
mattet of policy, of order-

126

JPRS“SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ed informal settlement
and:

@ The co-ordination of
housing policy in general
and the functioning of
various Government
institutions and agencies
in the housing field in par-
ticular.

The committee said
special efforts will have to
be made in a variety of
fields to deal with the
backlogs and problems.
The identification, as-
sembly, acquisition and
provision of land for
township and housing de-
velopment will have to be
treated as a matter of urg-
ency as regards the deter-
mination of priorities, the
identification or creation
of a responsible body or
bodies to act as assembly
agents, and the streamlin-
ing of development mech-
anisms.

Sufficient scope for dif-
ferentiation or choice in
the provision of housing
should be created for all
population groups on the ©
basis of their socio-econ-
omic needs and capaci-
ties.

The provision of hous-
ing should be conducive
to rational urban develop-
ment and spatial order-

ing.


Babangida Says Defense, Foreign Policy Inseparable
(NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Aug 85)...ccececceceecescecavcnceceecevs 17

Paper Lambasts Export of Iranian Revolution
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 19 Aug 85).....scceescescceecsees 18

International Finance Policies Blamed for Hunger
(G. S. J. Okoba; DAILY TIMES, 9 Sep 85) ..eccseccsccesvcees 20

Survey Indicates Bumper Harvest’ Expected
(Aliyu Biu; NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Aug 85).......ceeceeceeeceeee 22

States Cut Worker Salaries
(NEW NIGERIAN, 14, 15 Aug 85)...ceccssceesccevcesccseceees 24

Niger To Base Wages on Available Funds 24
Plateau To Cut Wages by 20 Percent, by Andrew Orolua 24

Discrimination of African Aliens Decried
(Mansir Sani; NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Aug 85)......ecceeeceeeeeees 26

Scramble for Foreign Exchange Threatens 5th Plan
(Chris Njoku; DAILY TIMES, 28 Aug 85).....ecceseeceeceseees 28

Paper Calls for Windfall Profits Tax on Multinationals —
(Editorial; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 Aug 85)......cceeccecvscssssee 30

Kaduna Made Buses Ready in September
(NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Aug 85).....ccccececececcccscececececeses 31

Kwara State Scraps Compensation for Acquired Land
(Lekan Odunjo; NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Aug 85)...e.sseeceseceeeees 32

Lake Chad Gradually Refilling
(Abdullahi Idris; NEW NIGERIAN, 19 Aug 85)..........+.-252- 33

Oil Spillage Reported in Rivers State
(Sunday Uranta; NEW NIGERIAN, 19 Aug 85)...-.seeseeeeeeeees 35

Participation in Shipping on Increase
(Nkem Anaekie; DAILY TIMES, 20 Aug 85)...secccsccecsecesees 36

Shipping Possible Source for Foreign Exchange
(DAILY TIMES, 22 Aug 85).ccccceecceccceccccceecceeccevcees 38

Tin, Columbite Reserves To Last Only 15 Years
(Nuhu I. Sani; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 25 Aug 85)......cceeseeeeees 39

Rich Deposits of Tin, Zinc, Lead Discovered in Kano

(Salisu S. Na'Inna; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 18 Aug 85).. 40

Editor Describes His Treatment by NSO
(NEW NIGERIAN, 31 Aug 85)....csccecccscvccccccsccecsceeeces Al

-b-


Mr Rajbans! said when”
it came to dealing with
legislation, the NPP had

Proved to be very effec-

tive and of use to every-

‘one.

“A striking feature has

. been that whites used the
HOD, after watching the

, attitude of the other two
houses and not getting
any satisfaction from
there — for example on
the issues of chiroprac-
tors, regional services,
and cold resources.”

. _ Would he say they |
have contributed to fight- |
ing apartheid? i

“We never allowed any '
legislation to emerge
from a standing commit- ‘
tee which was discrimi- :
natory in nature. We
could not do it effectively |
at first because of the |
narrowness of our major-| |
ity. Our effectiveness
picked up in the latter—
half of the year,

“We tackled influx con- |
trol, the Buthelezi Com- |
mission report, and the |
Natal-KwaZulu’ question, |
It was in the House of «
Delegates that for the .
first time we had positive
response to the Buthelezi ;
_ Commission. . ae

“With regard to Indian
rights in Northern Natal
and the Orange Free,
State, we had a declara-

+ tion of intent from the
Government on the
issue.”

Mr Rajbansi did not *
believe his position on
President PW Botha’s

Central Cabinet had ef- ~

fectively muzzled his

cso: 3400/1175

“voice as possible
into the Nationalist fold.

“Unfortunately, Cabi- ;
net discussions are confi- '

dential and I am not in a
Position to state what
takes place, but Iam
heard as an equal and al-
lowed my say. And I am
free to disagree should I
80 desire,” he said.
Solidarity national
‘iehairman, Pat Poovalin-
gam said his party had
‘made effective use of

Parliament as a plat--

form.

“We made use of par-
liamentary privilege to
point out that police shot
People in the back at

itenhage.

“We refused to endorse
separate racially-organ-
ised departments of
health. The Health Bill
sought to create three
Health Ministers, We

opposi-;
' tion and co-opted him*

posed this consistently, |

but the NPP supported it,
“With the Local Auth-

orities Amendment Bill .

and Demarcation Boards,
Ismail Omar refused in
the President’s Council to
give approval to what
was seen by us as fur-
thering the Group Areas
Act. Regional Council
Services bill was rejected
by us too.

“We brought up the
question of why Indian
men were discriminated
against when they had to
bring in their brides from
India.

“We were the only ones
in all three chambers of |
Parliament to call for
the prosecution of those

104

“ responsible for Steve
Biko’s death.

“We opposed the Black
* Universities and Techni-
kons Amendment Bill be-
cause it granted these in-
stitutions the power to ef-
fectively expel students
at will.”

Solidarity’s role had been
limited by the fact that
they were an opposition

: party and not the ruling
party in the House of
Delegates,

“Unfortunately, Raj-
bansi is in control, and
we place the responsibili-
ty for Rajbansi’s winning
control on the shoulders
of the UDF,

“They expected Raj-
bansi to make a mess of
things so they could turn
around and tell the com-
munity the system
doesn’t work.

Mr Poovalingam said
the Indian community's
“forceful voice” in Soli-
darity was being over-
shadowed by the numeri-
cal superiority of the
NPP, but was confident

, the situation would be re-
; medied by the next elec-
i tion when, he predicted,
| the NPP would be
} thrown out.

On the controversial
education “blacklist”
which had been a major
* point in the party’s elec-
: tion campaign, Mr Poo-

valingam said that even
{ though promotions of
: teachers were still being
» done in the old-fashioned
. Way, the debate on the
i issue had had a positive
' effect in that the educa-

Mr Poovalingam said

tion authorities now
knew they were being
watched.

On the numerous “de-
fections” to Mr Rajban-
si’s party, Mr Poovalin-
gam pointed out that Niz-

: aie Khan had defected to

Solidarity from the NPP.

“On.the other hand, Dr
(Doat) Cader defected be-
cause he expected to be
made Minister of Health
instead of Dr MS Pa-
dayachee. It would ap-
pear he is still waiting.

“Mr (Subrey) Collakop-
pen defected for reasons
best known to himself
but, interestingly, some
of his closest colleagues
in the Transvaal have an
interest in taking over
some state-owned land.”

Mr Poovalingam
would not comment on
the most recent defec-
tion: that of Education
spokesman PI Devan

“ who had cited clashes

with Mr Poovalingam as
one of the reasons for his
move. Mr Poovalingam
said Solidarity leader
Jayaram Reddy had ade-
quately commented on
the matter.

Next year, he said, Sol-

* idarity would work to-

wards building a more

* forceful opposition.

“To quote Dr Reddy,
quality is more impor-

_ tant than quantity. Those

who insisted on taking a

. Softer liné on the Govern-

ment are now with the
NPP. We are stronger for
it”


He told the President of Nigerian Labour Congress NLC Alhaji Ali Chiroma, and
other delegates at Government House, Jos that the proposal was a request which
the unions could decide what percentage they could offer, adding that the
government has suggested 20 per cent because it appeared reasonable in view of
the state's financial difficulties.

He said the idea of approaching different unions on the issue was not a divide
and rule method as it was being claimed by some union leaders.

He said it was government policy to seek worker's view because progress made
so far in the state had been achieved through their combined efforts. “If we
want the development appeal fund to be successful, workers must demonstate to
encourage the less privileged” he said.

The governor said the relationship between the government and labour unions in
the state was very cordial and far from the view held by the congress that
Kwara, Niger and Plateau states were the disturbing states in the federation.

Alhaji Ali Chiroma had earlier told the governor that these states were
disturbing and causing a lot of problems for the congress.

He numerated the previous 20 per cent cut in salaries of workers, :
retrenchment, retirement benefits distribution of essential commodities, land

for its secretariat and the recently proposed 20 per cent cut in salaries as
the problems of the congress.

cso: 3400/1195

25



ECONOMIC POSITION FOUND BASICALLY SOUND

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11

[Article by Lelsey Lambert]

[Text]

cso:

WITHOUT statesmanlike leader-
ship and negotiation, there will be no
meaningful progress towards strong
economic growth over the longer
term, Standard Bank says in its Sep-
tember Review.

Bank analysts say SA’s economic posi-
tion is fundamentally sound. However,
political pressures need to be reducet
and long-term growth potential en-
hanced.

“Merely stimulating the economy by
adopting expansionary monetary and
fiscal management will neither improve
foreign confidence nor achieve a lasting
positive effect of economic growth,” the
report says.

in the short term, however, interim
regulations will have a significant im-
pact on domestic financial markets.

The partial freeze on foreign debt re-
payment makes it possible for monetary
and fiscal policy to be formulated more
independently of the. rand exchange
rate.

Employment creation is likely to be
the main objective of short-term eco-
nomic policy use government prior-
ity has shifted away from the reduction

inflation through monetary and fiscal
stringency to growth stimulation.

3400/1167

84

JPRS*SSA*854096

8

Sep 85 p 3

October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

This implies lower interest rates and, .

hopefully, lower taxes.

Unfortunately, however, the policy is
expected to lead. to increased govern-
ment spending.

A combination of faster monetary
growth and less fiscal discipline should
produce the desired recovery in consum-
er demand next year. But if also means
the inflation rate, which had been set to
decline meaningfully, is now likely to
fall by less.

In terms of the effect of the new eco-
nomic measures on the markets, the
rand should trade at higher levels than
before the temporary market closure.

One important reason is that the rand
market is now Partially shielded from
‘excessive capital account pressures be-
cause fewer dollars are flowing out of
SA to repay foreign loans.

This means the price of the commer-
cial rand should be determined by sup-
py and demand resulting from normal

port and export transactions.

For the time being, however, the rand

is proving to be volatile ina thin market,
says Standard.


GOVERNMENT'S REFORM NOT SEEN AS GRANTING FULL RIGHTS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Sep 85 p 4

[Commentary by Sam Mape]

[Text]

HE offer of
South African
: citizenship to

blacks by the State
President, Mr P W
Botha, will be mean-
ingless unless blacks
are given the same
civil and political
rights as whites.

Opposition party
leader, Dr Frederick
van Zyl Slabbert, seems
to have been too hasty
in labelling the move as
an end of the apartheid
dream.

Some observers might
want to argue that
Rome was not built in
one day and that this is

. the beginning of greater
things to come. This
might be true, but only
up to a certain extent.

There are two catego-
ries of blacks that are
going to be affected by
Mr Botha’s deal. Those

in the so-called white i
South Africa will remain :
South African citizens, :

and those in indepen-
ident bantustans will
have dual citizenship.

Categories

The statement made
by the Transkeian presi-

79

dent, Paramount Chief
. Kaiser Matanzima, put
the position of the two

categories of blacks in.

Proper perspective,

He said blacks were
never citizens in South
‘Africa as they had no
‘voting rights and that
when the bantustans
:took independence,

, they did not relinquish

lany citizenship as they .

were never citizens — in
the first place.
The Government is
taking blacks to the
yante-status quo position.
; That is, they will be citi-
‘zens in the same sense.
‘that they were before
the Homeland Cit-
,izenship Act was passed.
<° That citizenship was
:meaningless, except that
recently it has come to
indicate the permanence
-;of blacks in the so-called
white South Africa.
According to a law
professor atthe

+ University of Witwaters-

rand, Prof John Dugard,
" citizenship means being
able to exercise full po-

. litical and civil rights ‘in

- one’s country.

Citizen

“As a white citizen of
South Africa I can travel

JPRS=SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS=SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

KENYA

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES EXAMINED

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 30 Aug 85 pp 16-18

[Text]

WITH agriculture as the backbone of.
Kenya’s economy, it is not surprising that
the country has one of the largest food
processing industries in the East and
Central African region. Food processing
concerns in the country range from grain
milling, meat and dairy products, oils and
fats, bread baking, confectionery and
sugar processing to canned fish and
vegetables. In the past’ six years, the
industry has shown a remarkably steady
growth, reaching a rate of over 7 per cents
annually in the past two years. Hi
* Being principally dependent on
agricultural output for its raw materials,
the food processing industry is expected ,
to be highly vulnerable to effects of
drought which affect food production, In
Kenya, the industry has tended to be
fairly adaptable, turning to irnported raw
materials in the event of scarcity at home.
Following the 1980 drought, the food
processing industry showed a substantial
depression, picking up the following year.
Since then, it has been riding the wave’s
crest. A government plan to encourage
increased food production in 1981 through
higher prices to farmers paid dividends.
By the end of the year, the aggregate
output of the food industries had gone up
by 10.4.per cent, as compared to the much
lower 4.9 per cent increase realised the
previous year,

By the end of 1982, the.net output of the
industry had gone well ahead of the
targetted figures. A phenomenal increase.
of 15.8 per cent was achiéved in the
output of meat and dairy products,
attributed to the improved rainfall and
pastures which facilitated increase in

deliveries of cattle to the Kenya Meat
Commission and milk to the Kenya Co-
operative Creameries. Beef production
alone rose by 16.3 per cent from “8,410.
tonnes in 1981 to 9,783 tonnes in 1982.
Besides the better pastures, a major con-
tributory factor to this high production
was the high demand, especially for
canned beef, the sales of which rose nearly
two and a half times from 900 tonnes in
1981 to 2,073 tonnes in 1982. Exports of
meat products rose by almost 50 per cent
from 1,890 tonnes to 2,828 tonnes in 1981
and 1982, respectively. Liquid milk
output from KCC rose from 222.9 million
litres to 250 million litres in the same
period, resulting in a decline in milk
import figures of 1981.

Other sectors of the food processing
industry that achieved remarkable output
included canned fruits and vegetables,
ghee and fats which realised an overall
increase of about 7 per cent following a
decrease of 7.7 per cent in 1981. Exports of
canned vegetables and fruits totalled
‘27,865 tonnes, representing a growth of
83.3 per cent over 1981. At the same time
imports of these items dropped significan-
tly. But not all fields of food processing
were having a success story. Milled rice
output fell from 22,200 tonnes in 1981 to
19,400 in 1982. Maize and wheat flour
production showed little development,
although there was an increase of 32 per
cent in the output of baked bread alone.
In spite of improved weather conditions in
1982, sugar production was affected by a
‘decline in area under cane, poor transport
facilities and lack of adequate credit
facilities for outgrowers. As a result, white


JPRS#SSA*854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

STUDENTS TO CARRY EXIT CARDS
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 6 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] Pupils moving out during school hours in Lagos will now carry exit
ecards. This will enhance effective monitoring and control of students'
movements, government said.

Government also said schools would now be fenced and able-bodied men employed
as gatemen. The WAI brigade would also be involved in the control of
students' movements.

These were some of the measures being taken by the Lagos State Government to
maintain discipline in schools and arrest cases of juvennile delinquencies.

The government announced that henceforth, any pupil found loitering during
school hours would be apprehended.

On the automatic promotion of pupils, government accepted the view that this
had led to sending pupils who are not materials for secondary schools into
such schools resulting in pupils' negative attitude to learning, truancy,
malingering, idleness and lawlessness.

It said efforts would be intensified to improve standards in primary schools
rather than conduct another entrance examintion for first school leavers to
gain admission into higher schools.

On environmental sanitation exercise, government rejected a recommendation
that pupils be taken out after school hours on Fridays instead of Saturday
mornings as a means of curbing wandering by pupils.

Cleanliness

It said "the weather after school is not ideal for general cleanliness." It
however, said the involving of children on monthly basis would be discontinued
as soon as the situation improved. .

Government accepted an amendment to the "Children's and Young Persons Law” to
empower the police to apprehend students roaming the streets between 8 a.m.
and 2 p.m., but did not support the idea of parents of such pupils being
penalised.

Rather, the pupils should be handed over to their schools for necessary
disciplinary action while habitual offenders would face the juvenile courts,
the government said.

GSO: 3400/1200 49



“There was a lot of tough
talk and threats of physical
violence if I did not co-oper-
ate, but I was unharmed.”

Mr White spent five days in
cells at the Grahamstown
police station before heing

moved to the North End Pris- '

on in Port Elizabeth.

“I was not allowed any phys-
ical exercise on the. first day
and no toothbrush. It took me
three days to get a Bible and I
had only one shower in the
mortuary after five days, and
clean clothes after four days.

“In the whole time I was
asked only one or two ques-
tions on two occasions.

“The treatment of whites
was very different: to that of
blacks. The two SAAWU orga-
nizers in a cell next to me had
to eat a quarter of a loaf of
brown bread at each meal. I
was fed reasonably well.”

On July 21, a bus returning
from a funeral in Cradock was
stopped in Lenasia by police.

All the names of those on the '’

bus were taken down. Seven
women were among those de-
tained on the bus.

@Ms Miriam Khumalo (her

name has been changed as she"
wished to remain anonymous)

was taken to Diepkloof prison. ‘:

The next day she was taken to
the Protea headquarters of
the security police.

3400/1174

“When I arrived they asked
whether I was a member of
the African National Con-
gress. I am not, so I denied it.
Six white men questioned me
and if I didn’t give a satisfac-
tory answer they screamed,
shouted and insulted me,”

Ms Khumalo works in a Jo-
hannesburg welfare organiza-
tion. She was also asked to
give details of the organiza-
tion.

“They offered me a house
and a car to work for them,
which I refused. Then they*
began their threats, saying 1
would not reach the age of

}- thirty.”

She was released after thir-

| teen days.

According to the Detainees’

. Parents’ Support Committee,
, detainees are at the mercy. of
: their jailers and there is vir-

tually nothing they can do if

regulations are contravened.
Under the state of emergen-

ey, no civil or ‘criminal

.charges can be brought:

against the police “or any per-
son in the service of the
State” for any offence commit-
ted under the regulations un-
less the rules regulating the
detention of persons are con-
travened. ae

A spokesman from the pub-
lic relations division of the
police said yesterday that

-police would investigate the
- allegations.



cso:

“What you need is positive, active
hands-on Jeadership.”? ,

Says Volkskas’ 39-year-old joint
MD Danie Cronje: “If you don’t pick
up bruises now, you never will.” Also
senior GM of the Volkskas group,
Cronje is a director of Volkskas Ltd,
Volkskas Merchant Bank, Volkskas
Investment Corporation, Volkskas In-
dustrial Bank, Volkskas Trust and
Volkskas Insurance Brokers.

Once described as a strapping man
who looks like a Blue Bull. lock for-
ward, he is a keen golfer who holds a
BComm in economics from Potchef-
stroom University. His colleagues re-
gard him as the quintessential ideas
man, while he considers himself a

pragmatist gripped by every facet of
inking.

Comfortably relaxed in shirt
sleeves, he stresses the importance he
attaches to experience, punching the
air while emp) ising a point. “The
ability to take shocks and handle
them improve with experience.
Teamwork, too, is very important. I
believe we've been through a steep
learning curve and all of us can
handle a far greater variety of
changes with the experience that we
have picked up now. I think we are
overbanked, but being overbanked
will keep this ball rolling. Today we
are better equipped to run a Jean,
tight ship. We are forced to concen-
trate on the right things.”

He has, as he says, learnt that this is
a time to remain calm and not panic.

Cronje stresses a cardinal banking
principle for today: credit standards.

“The ability to appraise and evalu-
ate credit is what bankers are made
of. Experience as far as credit is con-
cerned is one of those things you can-
not learn at Aniversity, only through
experience. Asset and liability man-
agement are going to become increas-
ingly important, and that will prove ,
the downfall or not of a bank. Rates

3400/1218

70

are fluctuating so much you need to
take the right view when to fix your
asset and/or deposit rate, when to go
long and when to go shorter.

“1 think the lesson I have learnt is
being conservative as far as credit
appraisal is concerned. In SA no bank
can be too conservative in appraising
credit. At one stage we all took for
granted the risks of international and
other banks would be in order. Now
we have all found the risks in money
markets and foreign exchange trans-
actions are as big, if not bigger, than
normal credit transactions. Another
thing I have learnt is that people find
it very difficult to adjust to changes.”

Volkskas places increasing empha-
sis on technology used cost-effective-

ly.

S.. Cronje: “If it is not cost-effec-
tive you have a problem. You can
invest millions but there still needs to
be a return on your investment. In
banking the most important cost fac-
tor is people. As a percentage of your
total cost, the people factor is in ex-
cess of 70%.

“Tf you want to save, you need to
save on people. If you install electro-
nic equipment and you still use the
same number of people, you are going
to go down the drain. We have invest-
ed in systems and people and techno-
logy from which we will be able to
reap the benefits in the future. There
are two directions on which we base
our future — one is technology and
the other is training.”

Cronje does not refer to it as “rela-
tionship” banking, but he endorses
Van Wyk’s thinking. “A bank is a peo-
pies place, like in ny other business,

ut even more so in banking. You are
so vulnerable if you don’t have the

-right people because the people are

the bank. They make it tick.”


JPRS*SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

KADUNA MADE BUSES READY IN SEPTEMBER

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Aug 85 p 24

[Text]

A KADUNA based company
has commenced the
manufacture of commercial
buses based on the engine
and chassis of the Fiat 40 NC
diesel truck supplied by the
National Truck Manufac-
turers (NTM) in Kano.

The company, Bus and
Refrigerated Van Manufactur-
ing Company (BUREM) ex-
pects the first batch of
25-seater buses to be ready in
September.

Mr. M.A. Makinde, Finance
and Administration Manager
of the company, told the New
Ngerian that with the excep-
tion of flat steel sheets, pipes,
rubber channels and locks, all
other components were ob-
tained locally making it 85 per
cent locally manufactured.

cso: 3400/1190

He explained that being a divi-
sion of INCAR (Nigeria) Limited
which deals with Fiat products,
the company was able to strike a
deal with NTM in Kano for the
supply of engine and chassis
while local component manufac-
turers supply items such as wind-
screens, batteries, tyres,
upholstered seats and insulators.

Mr. Makinde added that the
Nigerian Standards Organisation

had inspected their production.

processes prior to formal ap-
proval when the first batch was
ready.

He said the company produced
a prototype manually which con-
vinced the authorities to approve
an import license last year for
other materials and machinery to
enable it refine its production

31

techniques.

“If we get all we need we can
produce 50-60 units monthly,”
Mr. Makinde, said adding that in
anticipation of this, the company
had acquired an eight-hectare
site at Kudenda Layout on the
outskirts of Kaduna for a perma-
nent site to which it would move
hopefully in October next year.

It also hopes to go into the
manufacture of refrigerated vans
next year using fibre glass
technology reputedly chea
and = more durable tha
aluminium currently in use.

He also emphasised that loca
manufacture offered more ad
vantages than wholly imported
units, especially with regard to’
climatic specifications, local
road conditions and availability
of spare-parts “not to talk of the
obvious benefit to Nigerian man-
power whose skills will be further
developed.””



ABACHA CHARGES SOLDIERS, BRIEFS MECHANIZED DIVISION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 10 Sep 85 p 13

[Text]. Qas of the Nige-

CSO:

ria Army must provide
reamplary leadership
through line and

dedication to duty. They,
‘should also be steadfast in

conduct
accountability. This note of

nik

Waming was sounded in-

Ibadan yesterday .by the
Shia ot Kr St Major-
General Sanni Abacha.

General Abacha who was
briefing top army officers
under the: 2 Mechanised
‘on
change of leadership said,
the task before the new
administraion is enormous
‘but not insumountable.

‘Said he: “those of us in
the army must re-dedicate
ourselves to ensul
tealisation of the
abjectives 0 this
administration”.

General Abacha warned
that he would not under
‘any circumstance overlook

condone

i

ag

g

complacency and,

Ye seid, “the survival of
the army and the!nation is”

3400/1188

our collective responsibility

‘and can: only be achieved.

through self sacrifice,
sbaolute loyalty and
determinations. ing

less will not suffice.”

He noted that any ruling
entity bedeviled with
internal squabbles|and lack
of cohension was certain to
fail in achieving its set

the general - officers
commanding (GOC) and
principal staff officers on
the - programme for the

development of the army.

He disclosed that the
change in government
‘would necessitate
redeployment of officers
and men to ensure
affectiveness of
but warned
against the practice of

43

JPRS=SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

regularly,’ are.
vigorously and



ONE of the best opportu-
nities for diversification
of the Port Elizabeth/Ui-
tenhage industrial base
would be the development
of the offshore oil/pas
find’:near Mossel Bay,
according to the Midland
Chamber’ of Industries
(Mcn.

It was therefore essen-
tial that every effort be
made to ensure that com-
panies located in PE/Ui-
tenhage participate in the
prospects offered by this
potential development,”
itadds.

“This means that com-
panies must .start right
now to assess what ser-
vice or products they can
supply to the oil/gas pro-
ject.”

In order to assist with

, Such investigations the
MCI has arranged an “en-
ergy seminar”, in associ-
ation with BP Southern
Africa (Pty) Ltd, “to ex-

3400/1218

MOSSEL BAY OIL EXPLOITATION BENEFITS EXPLORED

amine all the issues per-
taining to the Mossel Bay
project, because irrespec-
tive of where the inshore
tefinery is located,
PE/Uitenhage companies
can participate, and with
the transport concessions
that are applicable to this
area, they should be in
with a good chance to sup-
ply competitively.”

The keynote address at
the seminar will be deliv-
ered by the Minister of
Minera] and Energy
Affairs, Mr Danie Steyn.
His subject will be “SA’s
energy resources as a ba-
sis for sustained econom-
ie growth”.

This address is expect-
ed to provide a clear indi-
cation of the role that
Government envisages
for energy and its devel-
opment.

Mr D Holtzhausen, of
Soekor, will speak on “A
typical North Sea ap-
proach to offshore oil and
gas developments” and
Mr Ivor Pritchard, senior
project manager with

:Emso (Pty) Ltd, will ex-

plain how a mega-size
project is planned and re-
sourced.

Emso is one of the con-
sultants appointed to
research the Mossel Bay
project.

“Construction materi-
als, quality control and
training” will be the sub-
ject addressed by Mr A L
Allester, managing direc-
tor of Chel Engineering

112

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 3 Sep 85 p 16

(Pty) Ltd. Chel is a metal-
lurgical consultancy and
testing service company.
It is essential that con-
siderable attention be
given to the training as-
pect, says the MCI. And to
obtain the maximum
benefit “PE/Uitenhage
‘must train sufficient
welders, etc, within its
own community, in pref-
erence to bringing these
skilled people from other
metropolitan areas.
“Otherwise the project
will make no contribution
to alleviating the unem-
ployment situation.”

The manager of long-

range planning at Volks-
wagen, Mr Neil Bruton,
will in his presentation re-
view “Trends in vehicle
sales and fuel price
increases”,

PE/Uitenhage has a
large stake in South Afri-
ca’s vehicle manufactur-
ing industry which is very
sensitive to fuel prices
and fuel increases, says
the MCI.

Mr Mike Farrell, a di-
rector of Emso, will con-
clude the presentation
with an address “The im-
pact on South African in-
dustry if the Mossel Bay
project should go ahead”,

“Back in the late Seven-
ties this chamber adopted
as its policy the belief
that the cities and towns
on the Cape coast should
become an alternate mar-
ket force to the Reef
area”, said MCI president
Mr Bill Oddy.

JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA+854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

COCOA PRODUCTION INCREASE EXPECTED
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 7 Sep 85 p 15
{Article by Raheem Mohammed]

[Text] Cocoa production for 1984/85 season in Nigeria is expected to reach
150,000 tonnes which is 35,000 tonnes more that what was produced last year.

This statistics was contained in the Cocoa market report for August published
by Gill and Duffus Group, London.

The report however said that the outlook for the 1985/86 season for Nigeria
gives the greatest concern at present.

It said that enough planting began well enough in April this year the trees
went through a relatively dry period in late April and May without much loss
of potential.

However, the report added that heavier rains in June and July contributed to
the development of an unusually high incidence of pod rot.

As a result, the current outlook is for weak new crop and further serious
losses to black pod could not be ruled out which is a dissappointing
development in view of the promising conditions early this year.

This situation, the report added, vary from region to region, though peculiar
to West African countries.

Some regions however still present a comparatively healthy picture.

Cocoa was until the advent of oil the major foreign exchange earner for the
country.

Meanwhile, the total world production of cocoa for the present 1984/85 crop
season is expected to stand at 1.84 million tonnes.

This is an improvement over that of 1983/84 which was 1.5 million tonnes.

cso: 3400/1199

48


JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

to stock South African produce would depend on price and quality, said a
company spokesman. It was expected South African goods would continue to be
available for the foreseeable future, he added. [Text] [Johannesburg
BBSINESS ‘DAY in English 17 Sep 85 p 2]

AUSTRIA SPURNS SANCTIONS--Trade between South Africa and Austria is booming.
In the first seven months of the year, imports from Austria increased by
1,5% to R123,28-million at an exchange rate of R1 to 7,6380 austrian
schillings. SA's exports jumped by 17,7% to R121,56-million. The main
reason why Austria has not embarked on sanctions against SA is that the
Austrian Chamber of Commerce and Industry handles all foreign trade inde-
pendently of Government interference or politics. Heinz Rampitch, the
Austrian trade delegate in SA, says the chamber tries to keep its business
outlook unclouded by political prejudices. He sees South Africa as an
economically sound market, especially in the long term. Apart from SA,
Austria has trade connections with other nations experiencing political
problems, like Iran, Chile, and North Korea. Dr Rampitch says Austria
wants to expand its petentration of SA's machine-tool market. Machine
tools make up about 5% of Austria's exports to SA. [Text] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Sep 85 p 9]

cso: 3400/1218

133



IMMIGRATION PERSONNEL YET TO RECEIVE FIRE ARMS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 1 Sep 85 p 12

[Article by Samson Namo]

[Text ]

cso:

IMMIGRATION © per-
sonnel in the country who
have been trained in the use
of light fire arms are yet to
be supplied with the items,
five months after comple-
tion of their course.

Consequently, there’ is a

ling concern that
those of them who have
already undergone t
training are likely to have
forgotten the basic techni-
ques involved in weapon
handling taught them dur-
ing the two-week rigorous
training.

The controversial direc-
tive for training immigra-
tion personnel in the use of
arms was given in October
last year by the former
Minister of Internal Affairs
in the Buhari administra-
tion, Major-General Mo-.
hammed Magoro and it
is not clear whether the au-
thorities are having a
second thought on the deci-
sion.

Hitherto, only Custom
men among our para-
military organisations had
this privilege.

The School of Immigra-
tion in Kano— the only one

3400/1188

of its type in the country —
has since November last
year intergrated weapons
handling into its syllabus,
and about 300 immigration
meh who passed through
the schnol have benefitted
from the training. The
school was. established in
1979,
Sunday Triumph findings
further show that state im-
migration commands
throughout the country|
have effected crash training
Programme on weapon
handling for their personnel
who are yet to enroll at the
Kano Immigration School.
The training, which is for
a duration of two weeks, is
usually in batches and is
handled by military and
anti-riot mobile police offic-

* ers,

Some of the weapons
taught in the programme in-
clude the police mark 4, pis-
tol barrels with a shooting
range of 25-50 -yards, the
SLR rifle with a range of 800

yards, Setma rifle, AR 70

rifle and the smoke bomb
employed for tr
advancement or crowd con-
trol.

4h

JPRS“SSA4854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

Presently, our border
Posts are manned by a com:
bined team of military,
police and immigration pei
sonnel who keep patrol sur-
veillance_ on our porous
borders and it is generally
believed that lack of
weapons for the immigra-
tion men is what has promp-
ted the combined nature of
the patrol team.

When this reporter con-
tacted the Assistant Direc-
tor of’ Immigration for
Kano Command, Alhaji
Abdulkadir Mohammed,
for comments on the delay
in supply of arms for his
men, he said he was not ina
position to explain but re-
ferred me to the Comman-
dant of the Kano Immigra-
tion Training School, Alhaji
M.A. Fika, who similarly
declined comments.

The Kano Immigration
Command has a total staff
strength of 141 serving per-
sonnel and quite a number
of this are stationed at the
Maigatari border post —
the only one in the state
which shares a common
boundary with Niger Re-
public.



JPRS#SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHILDREN AS PRODUCTS OF FAULTY EDUCATION SYSTEM DEPLORED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 10 Sep 85 p 4

[Commentary]
[Text]
HATEVER this Gov- evidently prepared for “home-
ernment wishes to say land” leadership, revolted. It
about change and re- was at these universities that
form, the disastrous effects of its ideas like Black Consciousness
apartheid policy can be traced al- started.
most anywhere. When things settled into some

The most frustrating business

for a black parent today is to:

educate his or her offspring.
From the junior levels of educa-
tion right up to university, there

type of restless calm, the students
took a new look at their situa-
tion. They quite rightly came to
the conclusion that this was pre-
paration to being the hewers of

is chaos and confusion. wood and the drawers of water.
Take the issue of the so-called We can easily understand why
tribal colleges. These universities they reacted so bitterly to any-
were created out of the political thing that happened on campus.
concept of divide and rule eu- We know there are many other

phemistically described as “deve-
loping along. their own lines.”
The political concept dreamt up
by the leaders of the country then
have landed us in the mess we are
in today. Still the Government

jectives against the people who
created such colleges. From the
word go the students, believing
they had been shunted into the
hinterland, far removed from the
country’s cultural centres, and

73

problems at the universities, the
separate colleges, that is. We also
know that university students are
normaly a questioning even re-
,bellious lot, something that is not
‘peculiar to tribal colleges. But at

stubbornly refuses to change poi- normal universities the students

icies that are leading this country have proper channels, creative

in only one direction — disaster. and otherwise, in which they ex-
Since it was created in 1961 the pand their rebellion or attacks on

University of the North (Turf- the status quo.

loop) has boomeranged in its ob- To a black parent education is

becoming not only frustrating
and dangerous, but extremely
expensive. It is hard enough to
send children through high
school. University fees are par-
ticularly steep and if your child



shack demolished at Crossroads, because it was in the
line of sight for a particular scene which was planned
to be shot.

Stills photographers compete for dramatic pic-
tures, not surprisingly as one local man reportedly
earned R10 000 for pictures used inside and on the
cover of an international news magazine.

Print journalists have not escaped criticism. Offi-
cials point to a recent international news magazine
cover story which in just the opening paragraphs
made two major omissions and juxtaposed certain
key facts.

A reputable Fleet Street Sunday newspaper recent- .
ly published, as fact, a collection of some of the
whackiest rumours doing the rounds in South Africa
— including the story of President Botha having suf-
fered a debilitating stroke last year and a fictitious
account of Mr Botha running down a corridor of the
Union Buildings ranting that he would resign if any-
one mentioned grand apartheid again.

An-unfortunate by-product of the over-zealous for-
eign Press has been the tendency to play up to the
camera, Government sources say.

They claim that in many cases unrest incidents
are sparked or aggravated because of the presence of
cameras.

South African journalists have learned that certain
community leaders, including celebrated churchmen,
appear willing to speak into any foreign camera
pointed at them but-play hard-to get for the local
media.

Foreign journalists do not entirely agree with these
criticisms.

Johannesburg-based Mr Peter Hawthorne, who
represents various overseas organisations, says it is
true that journalists who have been sent to South
Africa on short notice for short Perlods tend to be
opportunistic and superficial.

But he rejects allegations that journalists who have
been based in the country for some time stage man-
age the news.

He agrees that there is an urgent need to improve
communication between the Press and the Govern-
ment, particularly the police. Journalists try to do
their best, but usually get the cold shoulder, he says.

“The police need good, efficient, articulate and
complete communications with the Press, using
spokesmen who know what they are talking about.
That, makes more of an impression on foreign jour-
nalists than anything else,” he said.

For the time being, the Government appears not to
be contemplating any action against the foreign
Press.

“Press freedom is very important and we must not
move against the Press as a whole,” says one senior
official.

cso: 3400/1173

83



SHIPPING POSSIBLE SOURCE FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 22 Aug 85 p 13

[Text] gtreine industry is

cso:

‘other avenue that can
fetch the nation equal foreign
exchange like crude oil if
given enough encourage-
ment.

The chairman of thei
Nigeria Shippers Council,
Professor Anthony
Adegbola, said this in his

:could be achieved if there
was an early diagnosis of the
Various fraudulent practices
to which the industry has
been subjected with a veiw to
assuring the greatest benefit
to the people.

To this ‘end, Professor
Adegbola disclosed that the
Nigerian Shippers Council
‘has embarked on a nation-
wide identification of
bonafide shippers in order to
reduce the incidence of
frauds, pilferages and other
‘malpractices in the industry,

3400/1197

According to him, the
‘areas where malpractices are
always committed in the
shipping industry include
falsification of shipping
documents, marine insurance
frauds where claims are
“time barred” theft of vessels
of cargoes charter frauds and
armed boarding of vessels or
plain piracy in ports or high

“eerotessor Adegbola
explained that some
companies induldge in the
manipulation of bills of entry
and falsification of invoices,
double or over-invoicing
which lead to loss foreign
exchange.

The chairman said that
with the co-operation of
Nigerian Insurance
Association, “we hope to be
able to do a better job in the
future’.

On the seminar, Protessor
Adegbola said “‘we will want
‘to believe that the

International Maritime--

Community will like to see to
the reduction in the direct

38

JPRS“SSA+85~096

8 October 1985

NIGERIA

and indirect {osses to
individual shippers in the
interest of a sustained
economic and social
development of our sub-
région”.

He urged participants to
examine some banking rules
which apply to letters of
credit, the structure of the bill
of lading system and such
other documents with a view
to” reducing their
susceptibility to fraud.

He wanted the seminar to
examine the various ways in
which the unpatriotic acts
were perpetrated and
suggest means of blocking
the loopholes in the existing
structure and systems that
make a developing economy
susceptible to the devices of
“maritime fraudsters.

The two day seminar is
organised by the Nigerian
Insurance, Association in
conjuction with Nigeria
Shippers Council.

The theme of the seminar
is “International Maritime
and Commercial Frauds’’.



JPRS*SSA#85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HOVERCRAFT OPERATION SCHEME REJECTED
Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 6 Sep 85 p 6

[Text] vs
<A report by Mr Jack Klop-*

3400/1167

My gre: ; ~
AN application to operate ho-
vercraft from Cape Town
beaches has been torpedoed by
the City Council’s amenities
and health committee.
Helicopter crop-sprayin:
pioneer, hot-air balloonist an
former submariner. Mr Wryno
Hartz applied to the council to
operate a tourist hovercraft
service at Mouille Point, Three
Anchor Bay, Graaff’s Pool,
Clifton, Camps Bay, Oudekraal,
Sunrise beach at Muizenberg,
Strandfontein Point and

Mnandi, and from “Seekoeivlei .

dam”.

The service would allow
“tourists and others” to enjoy

the city’s scenic views from an-

“entirely new viewpoint”, ac-
cording to Mr Hartz.

“All sectors of society will
finally be able to partake of an
experience which previously,
for South Africans, was only
available to those who had the
opportunity to travel abroad at
great cost. This obviously ex-
cluded many folk,” -he said in
his application.

pers. director of Cape Town’s
athing amenities, said the ser-
vice could create traffic and
crowd congestion.

Mr Kloppers also said the
hovercraft could present
dangers to beachgoers, could
throw up dust and sand to in-
convenience bathers and would
be in conflict with the Sea
Shore Act in terms of the
“launching of craft” and “boat-
ing near bathers”.

A report from the city engi-
neer said the hovercraft would
be nremely noisy” and
would serious: y reduce the
amenity value of the areas in °
which they operated.

@ Mr Hartz has also applied
to Milnerton and Fish Hoek
municipalities for launching fa-
cilities. Milnerton has ap-
proved in principle a site on
the south side of the Milnerton
Jagoon in front of the Paarden
Hiland industrial area. Fish
Hoek has asked for a demon-
stration and for the opinion of
the local sailing club and the
NSRI.

124


JPRS*SSA=854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MAJOR RATIONALISATION OF INDUSTRY FEARED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Sep 85 p 7

[Article by David Furlonger:

[Text]

AS THE motor industry digests
the full impact of Alfa Romeo’s
decision to pull out of South
Africa, it is no longer a question of
if someone is next, but of who and
wi

» With Alfa gone, other loss-makers
Pill come under increased
re-assess their presence here.
No-one will admit it, of course.
Less than a week before MD Gianni
Marinelli announced Alfa’s exit, com-
pany spokesmen were still officially
its commitment to stay in

i

wEREE,
ist be
*o84
il
Lil
hil

i
[

en manufacturers are competing in a
car market that has shrunk by 33% in
five years, from 301 000 sales in 1981

108

“Who'll Be Next? Carmakers Ask"]

however, stem from South Africa’s
economic situation. Interest rates,
sales tax, inflation and the perks tax
have all played havoc with motorists’
ability to keep pace with costs. If that
were not enough, the tum!
and increased cost of im

i
z
|
E
i

The lem is highlighted wher
compated to the situation in other

countries.

While South African Gales have de-
clined by a third over five car
prod in Britain has ‘isen from

5 000 to 987 000, in Japan from 6,9-
billion to 7,-billion, in the US frath
6,2-billion to 7,7-billion, and in Austra-
lia, the nearest market in size to SA’s,
from 358 000 to 402 000. .

All local carmakers agree a major
rationalisation is imminent. With
manufacturers losing heavily, thou-
sands of workers off or put on
short-time, and factories closed for
weeks at a time, clearly something
must give.

The first steps towards rational-
isation have already been taken, with
the Samcor merger between Ford
and Anglo American, and Sanlam’s

At the time of the Nissan takeover,


JPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MOTOR COMPONENTS SINK TO 34 PERCENT CAPACITY
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Sep 85 pg

{Article by Don Robertson]

yy about 18%
since the beginning of
last year. Now the in-
dustry wants export in-
centives to help it back
on to its feet.

The 32% decline in new-.
vehicle sales this year has
forced most manufacturers
to work short time, and has
devastated the component in-
dustry. .

Incentives

Use of plant fell from 73%
in January 1984 to 59% in
January this year and 34% in
August. A sample of 50 manu- ,
facturers shows employment
dropped from 17 685 in Janu-
ary last year to 15 855 in Jan-
uary this year and 14 405 in

August.

‘he rey says business
activity has fallen by 48%
since 1982 and is 35% lower
than in 1984,

cso: 3400/1218

of Automotive Component
and Allied Manufacturers
(Naacam) will ask at its an-
nual meeting on September,
sett
al ical changes, ~
Bill Hayward, executive
director of Naacam, says the
motor industry contributes
about R3-billion to the State
and incial authorities
annually in GST on sales of
cars components, import
tariffs and licence ie oy is
e component indus|
lool for an export incen-
tive similar to that granted
to motor manufacturers.

‘Survival

In March, motor manufac-
turers were allowed to claim
a rebate of R4/kg on the ex-
port of SA-made components
and write this off against the
duty paid on imported com-
ponents. If this concession
were granted to component

117

stimulate direct ex; and
allow volumes She in-

Naseam has formulated 4
short-term and long-term
pan ai the survival of the

Sharp drop

It calls for the Govern-
ment to bring unrest under
control. Although only a few
manufacturers have af.
fected by unrest, the state of
uncertainty has resulted in a
sharp decl 1.

In the medium term, Naa-
cam urges the Government
not to stimulate the economy
artificially, but to apply cst
ona sliding scale by reducing
it on food and increasing it on
luxury

Mr Hayward says the
motor industry should be ra-
tlonalised, and car-makers
will be asked to provide more
accurate estimates of their
component requirements.

"supply!

[Text]
. In many instances, car
MOTOR parts manu-. manufactuters order compen
facturers are operating, nents, but take delivery of
at 34% of capacity an . ; . only a small | part of the
biel renee HUM The National Association manufacturers, it would manatee With the reste

Mr Hayward says order
schedules are chaotic, chang-
ing by up to 100% in a few
days. This leaves the com
nent manufacturer with
large stocks for which he has
bought the raw material and
incurred other costs, such as

our.

Naacam will also urge car-
makers to source compo-
nents in SA where ible,
instead of relying on imports,
which in many cases are
more expensive,
teat manufacture ott high-

components also

moted. Pro-

Concessions

In the longer term, Naa-
cam will. suggest to Govern-
ment that industrial goliey
be changed, allowing
tralised areas the same con-
cessions granted to

inds,

‘Mr Hayward says: “The
aim must be a sustained and
balanced growth of the eco-
nomy as a whole and the
motor industry in particu-

rn”

Although there is no short-
; age of skilled artisans, one
will develop when the next
‘ upturn comes because many
foreigners are returning to
their own countries because
of SA unrest,
Component manufacturers
ing the after-market
are faring better than those
serving original equi
ment market as commercial-
vehicle operators and even
individuals recondition cars
and trucks instead of buying
new vehicles.


cso:

3400/1167

“We have an ageing white market
with a low birth rate and a growing
black market with a high birth rate.
Assuming economic growth, future
markets will be predominantly black
and thus the single most inviting pros-

‘ pect for international investors in

A”

It calls for the establishment of a
central committee to oversee the de-
velopment of markets, establish pri-
vatisation programmes and set mon-
ey supply targets.

“A national steering committee
should be established, whose goal
would be to lower input costs and thus
provide Ppportunities for more em-
ployment through positive profit pos-
sibilities.

“Markets and products should be
viewed with the purpose of encourag-
ing the production of high export po-
tential products with added value.

“The country should also move fast
in terms of being totally self-suffi-

~ cient in respect of liquid fuel through
the establishment of more fuel capa-
city.

“The water supply situation should
be reviewed and a positive pro-
gramme put together to establish an
effectively-geared organisation.

‘ ¢
ontrols on development should
be loosened in principle and regula-
tions reviewed so as to allow more
competition and competitors, which
has to be the solution to lower prices.
“There should also be more partici-
‘ pation in corporate decision-making

So as to reduce industrial unrest.”

The document says SA is ill-pre-
pared to exist in a competitive world.
“There is inadequate competition
,in SA, although it Operates in an in-
tensely competitive national trade
, environment. We need to recognise
the increasing need to accept interna-
tional competition and to adjust tar-
is, or protectionist policies accord-

ingly.”

122


JPRS-SSA-85-096

8 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
COMORO ISLANDS
Briefs
Guard Meeting Trial 1
GHANA
Briefs :
Fund for Detainees 2
Names of Detainees 2
KENYA
Large Amount of Guns Taken From South Nyanza District
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 30 Aug 85)....cecececscecececeeceeeees 3
Coffee Board Requests Higher Quota Allocation
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 30 Aug 85) ....eeeseceeccccecccecereres 5
Food Processing Industries Examined
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 30 Aug 85)...ceeseeccecceccccescescnes 7
Some Kanu Youthwingers Jailed
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 30 Aug 85)....cceeececceeceecescerceee LO
Briefs
Foreign Funds Disaffirmed 12
MOZAMBIQUE
Allies Aid Assault on MNR Headquarters .
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 7 Sep 85).cesseeeveeceeeeece 13
NIGERIA

Babangida Stresses Family Planning Importance
(Aliyu Modibbo; NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Aug 85) cceeeeeeeceeeeeee 15



Joshua Nkomo has counselled patience and clearly does not wish to
raise expectations too high. When questioned about the alleged deal,
he said: Wait a few days and there will be something to be said. You
will hear from me. Efforts to negotiate rapprochement between the
two main political factions can move into top gear, now that Comrade
Mugabe has returned from his tour of the Far East. May commonsense
prevail and a settlement be reached.

Up to now Nkala's vitriolic comments and his policy of unrestrained
revenge have proved to be disastrous and a recipe doomed to failure.

cso: 3400/1105

140


ly we would have been Ii-
berated about 300 years |
ago.

The UDF is not being
“cast” by anybody as the
arch-instigator of the vio-
lence. The fact is that the
UDF was singled out by
African and Indian victims
‘of the violence as the arch-
instigator.

fy

Prof Meer herself con-
cedes that Cosas, an affili- :
ate of the UDF, initiated '
the school boycott- which «
escalated into violence. *

While I cannot speak on |
behalf of the House of
Delegates, I can say that {
Inkatha did not need this
senseless violence to

ready has a paid-up mem- ;
bership of 1,1 million and ;
it has a responsibility to
ensure that these members
and their properties are
protected against senseless
violence and intimidation.
That is all that Inkatha
~ did during the unrest, and |
Prof Meer should accept ‘
» this,

Prof Meer’s veiled insin-
uation that the “National-
ist Government. and the
KwaZulu Government”
might have been responsi-
ble for the murder ‘of Mrs |
Mxenge hurts deeply. |

We are also aware that
at her funeral speaker
after speaker accused In-
katha of having murdered *
Mrs Mxenge. We only °
hope that Prof Meer —
and any others who believe
Inkatha was responsible
— will be willing to con-
cede their error when the /
real murderers of Mrs |

. Mxenge are apprehended. |

It is a matter for regret.
that the telegram express-
ing our condolences sent : :
by Inkatha to the UDF *
was not even acknow- +
ledged. vod

Prof Meer, as a UDF
member, should know that -
Mrs Mxenge was by no 5
means a key member of

-_ the UDF in Natal and-yet |

«she claims that her murder
was “a direct assault on
the United. Demiocratic
Front which had, grown |

iief Buthelezi.
“build” it up. Inkatha al- | > Chief Bu

“ into the most forceful |
:,. Challenge to apartheid”. “.*"

It is an open secret that.

“in Natal there are key ©

African members of the *
UDF and that the brains
behind the Natal UDF are
executive members of the .

* Natal Indian Congress.

Inkatha does not regard j
the UDF and the ANC as i
its rivals, On the contrary,
it is these organisations
that regard Inkatha as a
rival.

Prof Meer needs only to
read any copy of the ANC
mouth-piece, Sechaba, and

~'she will realise that the

ANC’s principal adversary -
is no longer apartheid, but

‘She need only to travel

“in Europe and she will
: Come across dozens. of
; UDF pamphlets that say

nothing against apartheid
but say a lot against Inka- ©

* tha and Chief Buthelezi.

Prof Meer’s account of
the progress of violence in |}

* Umlazi is totally wrong.

It is not true that by the
time of Mrs Mxenge’s me- '
morial service in Umlazi
only one shopping centre

~ had been destroyed.

Many African- owned °
shops had already been:
burnt down, and not only
“the KwaZulu Develop-
ment Corporation shop-

ping centre”. In any case, {

the only “KwaZulu Devel- ,
opment Corporation shop-
ping centre” known as
Umiazi Centre, was not
even burnt down! It is still
operating at the time of ;
writing!

Why must Prof Meer
mislead the readers by
claiming that she is quot-
ing from so-called “avail-
able records”? Which rec-
ords are these that are so
inaccurate on the simplest
of details?

In any case, assuming °
that Prof Meer’s account

, is correct that by Wednes-

day afternoon 12. buses, a
school, a clinic, 2 KDC
shopping Centre, a bus ;

‘depot, two. township of- ;”
| fices, six houses and three

shops had been attacked, :
on what moral grounds

101

+ does she justify this sense- *

‘less destruction of black

+ property and public ameni-
ties? Whose cause Is
served by this destruction;
the oppressor’s or the op-

1 pressed’s? be A
© “It Wfallactous for Prof’
Meer to argue that the
violence was triggered off
by the disruption of Mrs

Mxenge’s memorial. ser.
2 Wice,
j In fact, Mrs Mxenge's
* murder was simply used as .
"a pretext for the violence

that had been planned long

ago,
Further Prof Meer con-
tradicts herself in this re-
spect because she admits
that before the memorial
service the destruction
cumented above had
ready taken place. This is
further borne out by the
fact that shopkeepers who
‘obeyed the Cosas demand
that all shops should be
closed for a day to honour
Mrs Mxenge, still had
their shops burnt down,
Prof Meer accuses In-
: katha of having disrupted
the memorial service at
. Umlazi Cinema, and to
Prove this she quotes a
message whispered to her
by Florence Mkhize (an
avowed enemy of Inkatha
and former member of the
ANC) who was sitting with

_ her inside the cinema.

Florence Mkhize alleg-
edly told her that the ‘po-
lice and Inkatha were out-
side. Nowhere in her arti-

ele does Prof Meer tell the

readers what steps she

* took to verify that the peo-
+ ple outside were in fact In-

katha members. It is a

‘. question of “whenever in

doubt, blame Inkatha”.
About two weeks ago
Mr J Diamini, the owner
of the Umlazi Cinema who
was present at the memo-
tial service, volunteered to

! broadcast a radio state-

ment in which he categori-
cally and emphatically
denied that the mob that
had stormed the cinema
that night consisted of In-
katha members,

Why should Mr Dia-
mini, who suffered thou-
sands of rands of damage

to his cinema and who Is
apparently a supporter of
Mrs Mxenge (judging by
his presence at the memo-

rial service and his wil- .

lingness to allow the ser-
vice to be held in his cine-

ma), want to exonerate In-:
katha?

Prof Meer’s. naivete is
astounding. She is quite
certain that she was saved

by her supporters who «
: formed “a protective cor-
; don and escorted us out *
shouting Comrade! Com- ‘
rade!” For the last 10 -

years since Inkatha was
founded, its members have

other. In fact, this term
was popularised by Inka-
tha in South African black
Politics after the banning

on

sed the term “comrade”. |
when addressing each “+

of the ANC and PAC in |

1960!

Prof Meer was, in fact,
escorted by Inkatha activ-
ists who were patrolling

the streets in Units B and ~

C that very same evening.
We have int our possess:
ion reports to this effect.
But because Prof Meer is
convinced that Inkatha cari
never be humane to any:
body, she attributes her

. Safety to her imaginary

“supporters”, How many.
“supporters” does Prof
Meer or the UDF have ini
the Inkatha-dominated

« township of Umlazi?

Prof Meer’s sense of
morality is puzzling. She
laments the fact that a Rev
Wesley Mabuza was frog-
marched, unharmed from
his house, but gloats over
the fact that people's pub-
lic amenities, shops and
houses that were burnt in
Umlazi were. “symbols of
the system”.

She says nothing about
scores of people in Umlazi
and KwaMashu who were
either stabbed, assaulted
or had their houses des-
troyed simply because they
refused to join the mob
that burnt and looted
shops.

Prof Meer quotes Chief

* Buthelezi’s statement

about the tricameral par-
Hament out of context.
This portrays the Chief
Minister as someone who



WHITES INCREASINGLY DRAWN INTO VIOLENCE
Residents Talk
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Sep 85 ? 19

[Article by Chris Whitfield]

[Text] POLITICAL violence has
always been something
which blacks inflicted on <*
blacks. Something whites
watched with mounting —s-
concern on TV, or read "
about in their newspapers, .
or heard about from their
domestic servants. The ;
killing in Sebokeng on
October 12 last year of a

; white baby signalieda —
change. It sent arippleof |
shock through white H
households. Since Blalr’s
death there has been a i
steady trickle of incidents. .
involving whites caught up
In the violence. A party of
tourists stoned in Orlando,
two white women attacked :
in the white Johannesburg ‘+
suburb of Kew, a Durban ©.
woman and her male - r
companion narrowly cE
escaping death in Inanda, a ;
woman and her baby injured
in Sandton, two Cape Town
whites escaping with their
lives after running a as
gauntlet near DF Malan

irport, two whites losing

their lives after they drove *
into a party of mourners ( *
near Mdantsane, Eastern
Cape. And now

’ Kraaifontein. How did it
happen? And what are its
implications?

61

JPRS*SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


FRG, SPAIN PROVIDING MORE SHIPS

[Brticle by Jackson Imafidon/

Liext]

ISEVEN ships meant
for Nigeria are
lunder construction in
shipyards in Fetieral
Republic of Germany
land Spain.

The owners of the
vessels are not disclosed
in the lloyd’s Register of
j“Shipping, Merchant
Ship building return "
for second ‘quarter of
Ithis year. The ‘gross

tonnage of the. vessels is
1,337.

In the report, it was!
stated that 1,413- ships’
‘were registered for con-
struction in the major
‘ship yeerds in the world.|

val Republic of
‘Germany and Spain ship-|
yards have 75 — ships|
under construction each. +

The world economic!
recession does not seem to:
have serious impact on the|
‘ship-building industry as
work started on 414 ships
during the second quarter
of this yaar, A total of
479 ships were launchéd
during’ the same period,

“Out of the vessels
launched, during the
period, 83 each were Ore

cso: 3400/1135

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 9 Sep 85 p 1

bull: carriers and generai
cargo of 2,000 gross
tonnage and over. On: the
‘whole 36 oil tankers were
Jaunched.

| Within the same period,
Iwork on 561 ships were
completed with gross
tonnage of 4,947,642,

The report however
shows that the industry has
recorded a slight drop in the
volume of work done.
During the first and sacond
quarter of 1964, 465 and
476 ships respectively were
faunched. But at the first
iquarter of this year, 409
ed were launched and at

|the second ‘quarter, the

‘figure rose to 479.

| As at the second quarter
‘of this year, BR! snips were
compleied and 431 at first
quarter as against 512 and
;531 ships recorded during
‘the ‘first. and second
‘quarters of last year.

‘When the seven Nigerian
‘ships are completed and.
delivered, the National's)
merchant fleet would have!
risen to about 41. African;
Ocean Lines, an indigenous:

shipping company recently|
acquired’ two " container,
‘vessels built in the German]
Democratic Republic.

'

JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA



PFP DECISION REKINDLES BITTER CONTROVERSY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 9 Sep 85 p 4

[Commentary by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

THE decision by the Progressive Federal Party,
the official opposition in the white chamber of
South Africa’s tricameral parliament, to con-
test seats in the coloured and Indian chambers
has rekindled a long and bitter controversy.

The new tricameral constitution — which was for-
mally inaugurated less than a year ago — is itself the
subject of fierce debate because of the exclusion of
blacks, who account for three-quarters’ of South

Africa’s total population. But participation in the °
coloured and Indian chambers is even more conten- !
tious.

Where whites at least overwhelmingly approved
the constitution in a referendum in November 1983,
coloured and Indians were denied the opportunity
of doing so, mainly because, sceptics averred, the
authorities knew they would reject it.

Coloured and Indian voters expressed their disap-
proval of the new constitution by boycotting the
elections for 80 coloured and 40 Indian MPs. Less
than 20 percent of eligible coloured voters went to
the polls. For Indians the equivalent figure was less
than 18 percent.

South Africa’s major extra-parliamentary anti-
apartheid movements, the United Democratic Front
(UDF) and the National Forum, condemned those
who opted to participate in the tripartite consti-
tution as “collaborators”.

The new constitution’s segregated, unracial
chambers and its in-built white majority made it an
apartheid institution, they charged. They dubbed it
a “tri-partheid” device,
designed to ensure white
minority rule by incor-
porating coloured and
Indians as junior part-
ners in the apartheid re-
gime. .

96

t

JPRS“SSA*854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

‘The PFP opposed the .,
new constitution in the °°;
referendum, but its
leader, Dr Frederik van
Zyl Slabbert, justified
the decision to contest,
seats in the coloured and |
Indian chambers as an
opportunity to destroy it
from within. rey

’ Battle

. To the PFP lead- ¢
ership, seeking to win |
seats in the coloured and
Indian opportunities is a
logical corollary to the
repeal in June of the law :
prohibiting multiracial
parties and forbidding a
party deemed to belong
to one race from “inter-
fering” in the political
affairs of another.

The acrimonious de-
bate over whether or not
to participate in apart-
heid institutions has
since escalated into
open warfare.


their military and political hold on Africa which received more armaments
and military experts that pread [word indistinct] in this way, noted Patrick
Noma Jen Africa became a proving ground for foreign arms and a political
pawn in the hands of grain producers.

The deficit of foodstuffs in Africa also results from the policies of the
international financial institutions that detend the interests of leading
Western powers. Thus, Nigeria's agrarian sector accounts for more than half
of all currency receipts from international financial organisations among whom
the World Bank plays a major part.

At first sight this may seem a positive tendency. But the results of foreign
financial assistance to Nigeria in resolving its food problem leave much to be
desired. In the last 20 years the share of agriculture in Nigeria's gross
domestic product has gone down from 60 per cent to 20 per cent. Nigerian
agriculture's yearly growth rates do not exceed 0.5 per cent while its popula-
tion is increasing at 2.5 to 3 per cent a year. The government has to resort
to imports because of the shortage of foodstuffs.

Some of the World Bank's demands are directly aimed at undermining Nigerian
agriculture. Thus, it agreed to grant Nigerian credits only in exchange for
cancelling state subsidies on imported fertilizers. This step caused great
damage to Nigerian farmers since government subsidies topped 85 per cent of
the cost of these fertilizers.

While granting loans to Nigeria, the World Bank does not try to stimulate the
output of food crops for local consumption. What it wants is to increase the
production of its export items in the country in the interests of Western big
business. The World Bank does not usually finance agricultural projects, [word
indistinct] but allocates only insignificant sums for this reason the Nigerian
government has to ask for new foreign loans.

Nigeria's experience shows that the policy of Western powers and then agents
is aimed at perpetuating the food crisis in Africa. This is why the outsted
Bunar regime worked out and started implementing its own programme of pre-
venting hunger in 1985 it earmarked over 1 billion naira for agricultural de-
velopment, which exceeds 8 per cent of {word indistinct] federal budget allo-
cations. The new military administration should foster the development of in-
dustry and economic infrastructure in the most backward agricultural areas and
try to lower prices on basic foodstuffs.

Local authorities in the country have also started realizing vast programmes
of restructuring agriculture. The government of the Lagos State, which relies
on its own resources rather than on the assistance of the World Bank and like
institutions actively promotes mechanization of agriculture, development of
poultry breeding and fish production in short. Nigeria is seeking to achieve
self-sufficiency in foodstuffs in keeping with the Lagos plan of action and to
gradually eliminate its dependence on Western "assistance."

CSO: 3400/1194

21



JPRS+8S8A=854096
8 October 1985

BABANGIDA SAYS DEFENSE, FOREIGN POLICY INSEPARABLE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Aug 85 p 9

[Text ] THE defence policy of any na- sig
tion cannot be separated from the He said “it stands to reason
foreign policy stance and the na- therefore that a sound defence
tional interest of the country con- policy must be an integral part of
cerned. the. overall national policy ‘if

This view: was expressed by the Nigeria is to achieve her set goals
Chief of Army ‘Staff, Major- and objectives. .

General Ibrahim Babangida in a General Babangida argued
lecture he delivered at a seminar that based on the facts earlier
organised for Nigeria’s head of mentioned, the time was ripe for
missions at the National Institute the government and the people to
of Policy and Strategic Studies, formulate a national objective
Kuru in Plateau State. that would take care of for-

The theme of the lecture was midable defence policy. .
“a sound defence policy and the ‘On the country’s foreign policy
pursuit of Nigeria’s foreign the army chief pointed out that it
policy objectives."" . had been clearly defined since

Describing the two as the attainment of independence
“inseparable twins,” General but the implementation by past
Babangida defined the formula- heads of government had been
tion of any defence policy as a responsible for its noh-dynamic
political decision that was depen- posture before the Murtala-
dent on the national interest and Obasanjo era which injected the
foreign policy of the nation. required impetus.

The chief of army staff then neral Babangida however
contended that it was in view of observed that without a strong
this special relationship that and viable economy in a stable
leaders of defence and prosperous environment, the
establishments were held realisation of the country’s
politically accountable for their foreign policy objectives will re-
performance on the pursuit of na- main an illusion.
tional objectives.

cso: 3400/1200

17

NIGERIA



JPRS*SSA“854096
8 October 1985

Meer’s account of the

causes. of the recent vio-

lence in Natal is shocking
‘in its subjectivity, its obvious bias in °.
favour of the United Democratic
Front and the Congress of South
African Students and its uninhibit-
ed attack on Inkatha and its leader,
Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi.

In the first place, Prof Meer’s °
assertion that the causes of the un- ,
rest in Natal were the same as in
the rest of the country.is untrue. .

There are clear differences, and
here are some of them according to
statements by eye-witnesses and
victims of the same violence that
Prof Meer avoids condemning in
her article:

@ Unlike in other parts of the
country, violence in Umlazi and
KwaMashu was not formented by
residents of these townships.

The school boycott was spear-
headed by bands of Cosas members
who went from school to school ter-
rorising children and teachers and
forcing them to abandon |
classes as a sign of mourn- |
ing for the late Mrs Vic- |
toria Mxenge.

Principals who refused
to succumb to this intimi-
dation had their homes
petrol-bombed by Cosas
members. This was report-
ed in the local Press, but
Prof Meer omits to men-
tion it in her article.

100

‘came from the surrounding

townships of Lamontville
and Chesterville. Prof
Meer is probably not
aware that there is not a
single school in Umlazi
, and KwaMashu that has a
Cosas branch.

Besides these “import-
ed” students, there were
people who went around
terrorising residents and
forcing them out into the
Streets to burn and loot
shops.

These people spoke el-
ther Sotho, Xhosa or Eng-
lish and they drove in cars
with Transvaal and Cape
Province registration num-
‘bers.

This again was widely
reported in the local Press,
but Prof Meer does not
mention it in her account,
Even members of her own
community in Inanda re-
ported the presence of
“non-Zulu speakers” who
terrorised them.

@ Violence in Natal was
not aimed at the so-called
system as Prof Meer al-
leges was the case in other
parts of the country.

The violence in Natal
was formented so as to
“explode the myth” that
Natal was calm because of
the stabilising influence of

-Inkatha and Chief Buthe-
lezi.

Inkatha had long been

— aware of the fact that this
analysis was anathema to

|
|
|
|
i

SOUTH AFRICA
INKATHA SECRETARY-GENERZL ON HOW INKATHA SEES INANDA VIOLENCE
Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Sep 85 p 10
[Text]
ROFESSOR Fatima! ~ These Cosas members . the UDF and its affiliates.

It Is now clear that the
analysis was anathema
also to Prof Meer, judging
by her carping reference to
“some academics” who
subscribed to this analysts.

@ While in other parts of
the country community
leaders constantly call for
the withdrawal of the po-
lice and security forces
from the townships, in
Natal, it was Prof Meer
herself who sent a message
_to the police after a mob
of Indians had burnt down
the Phoenix Settlement.

In other words, Prof
Meer welcomes police pro-
tection for herself but
frowns upon Inkatha’s
protection extended to its

| members and residents of
Umlazi and KwaMashu.
These residents had been
| exposed to merciless vio-
| lence for about four days
{| without adequate police
" protection.

The only reason why
Prof Meer sees the Kwa-
Zulu Government as “a re-
straining force on the radi-
cal anti-apartheid thrust
for liberation” is simply
because she refuses to ac-
cept that there are differ-
ent strategies that organi-
sations employ in their
* struggle to destroy apart-
heid.

Because Inkatha’s strat-
egy is not her own strate--,
gy, then it must of necessi-
ty be wrong. If there was
one winning strategy, sure-


The financial planning of any country is as important as the methods of
reaching it. Poor structural or wrongly specified financial planning
eventually brings problems of effective finance administration. Chief F.R.A.
Marinho, Managing Director NNPC recently said that the defunct civilian
administration earned and spent more than 200 per cent more money than this
country has ever spent from the time of independence.

There is no gainsaying that the Second Republic was characterised by so many
uncompleted projects. The object of this action is not far fetched-discipline
in financial management was virtually absent in the official hierachy. There
were a good number of economic strategies, but the methods ,of carrying them
out were ineffective.

Loans

Apart from that, the states, many of which generated less than N100 million in
four years, raised individual loans of over one billion naira in the same
period, without any plan of how this money’ could be repaid. These loans were
secured at 15 per cent interest, the projects for which they were obtained,
made no profit and in fact required additional’ subventions to help pay staff
salaries and other recurrent expenses.

To prevent this from reoccurring, there is every need for effective financial
policy such that will determine when and for what the country should seek
loans. This should be so because all loans now carry apron-strings on their
interest rates.

Our problems have for long persisted because at the beginning’ of every five
years, we sit around conference tables and later fail to consider what should
be borrowed for capital purposes or in form of direct aid from a developed
country or from the international market.

Perhaps it should be emphasised here that the extent to which foreign
investors can be induced to invest their capital in the country either by
setting up their own firms or by going into partnership with the government in
some new enterprise, should not be ignored in a bid to achieve economic
development.

This measure is a worthwhile venture, and as such will go a long way to
maximise the scale of development, since development expenditure generates
increased recurrent expenditure which runs‘ at pari-passu with interest charges
and capital repayments on development loans that have been raised.

To this end, if the 5th National Development Plan is designed to include the
more productive projects in its earlier stages, this increased producitivity
may help the development programme to grow tremendously, eventually becoming
self-generating which is the target of a good development plan. ~

"Management of the country's external reserves implies the optimum
mobilisation and allocation of foreign exchange reserves.'

CSO: 3400/1199

29



JPRS#SSA*85~096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

IMPACT OF U.S. COMPUTER SANCTIONS EXAMINED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Sep 85 p 9

{Article by Matthew White]

[Text]

US MANUFACTURERS have:
been prevented since 1978 from»

supplying computer technology
to” uth African government

agencies that enforce apart-

heid.

President Reagan’s computer sanc-
tions thus appear to exert little
extra pressure on South Africa.

While South African subsidiaries of .

US computer companies reacted
cautiously to Reagan’s Executive
Order, saying they need time to
study the restrictions, a director of
Burroughs SA, Peter Beachy-Head,
voiced the general reaction when
he told Business Day: “It appears
to be busiriess as usual, as nothing
really has changed. However, we

are watching developments very -

carefully.”

US companies must get clearance
from the US Department of Trade
for foreign sales, and for the past

" seven years the department has re-
fused to supply export licences for

the text of the order to determine” ©
the extent of the sanctions. .

“If the restrictions have not been ex-
tended to other government agen-
cies, then it will not really affect us
as, in common with other US com-
puter companies here, we have not
supplied the army and police, etc,
for some years.

“If the restrictions are extended to
other arms of the government —
and particularly to local govern-

: ment — then this would affect us -
severely. However, I don’t think
this is the case.” :

_ Houston said he sees one positive as-
pect of the order — that it may
clear the air on disinvestment. and
bring home to customers that nei-
ther NCR nor other major US com-

uter companies intend to stop do-
ing business in South Africa.

He feels it unlikely that foreign com- +

etitors will gain much advantage

» from the sanctions, but noted that
the door had already been opened
to European and Japanese firms to

spartheid: ound for agencies of; supply government agencies which
Hewlett-Packard SA’s South African- ~ US companies are barred from do-
born MD Marius Furst doubted that ing business with,

the Executive Order would cause
much change. He stressed his com-
pany’s positive role in contributin,
change and social development
which, he said, was an incremental

cost that business should bear will-’

ingly.

Aspokesman for IBM said that, while
the company had not seen the text
of the Executive Order, it believes
IBM will be in compliance, as it
does not sell to the South African
government entities specified.

Jim Houston, MD of NCR SA, said
that his company, too, was awaiting

110

| The South African government is se-
cretive about its technology pur-;
chases, but it is likely that depart-

+ ments denied US computers have
been buying most of their require-
ments from European and Japan-
ese companies.

' In theory there is an impediment to
foreign suppliers moving in when
US companies move out. In terms
of international licensing agree-.
ments, any System that employs
20% or more US technology needs
US clearance before being sold out-
side of its country of manufacture. .


JPRS#SSA+85=096
8 October 1985

were introduced, users of the service have increased by nearly 250%--from 548
to 1 911. Information providers increased from 57 to 78. In July this year,
users accessed 25 000 pages of information. Munnik said the success of Beltel
depends largely on the quality of the dhformation and services and he called
upon information and service providers to maintain high standards. {Text]
[Johannesburg. BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Sep 85 p 9)

ALFA ROMEO TO LEAVE—-Alfa Romeo is pulling out of SA, MD Gianni Marinelli

said last night. Marinelli said mounting financial pressure compounded by

the falling rand had forced the decision. He said, however, Alfa was working
closely with its dealer network to ensure continuity in workshop facilities,
after sales service and the supply of parts countrywide. Alfa's decision had
not been influenced by political pressure, he said. Marinelli said Alfa had
sustained losses amounting to teng of millions of rands in the past three
years and had accrued increasingly heavy losses. The market crisis had exacer-
bated the company's problems. "Unfortunately, the recent dramatic deterior-
ation of the rand exchange rate and the persistently poor market conditions
have destroyed the possibility of a recovery in the short term. "Long-term
prospects would have involved ongoing losses and necessitated a considerable
injection of new capital, which the Alfa Romeo group could not accept. "Tak-
ing all these factors into account, it has been decided to halt investments

in the SA company and to suspend the production and sales. operation activ-
ities." Alfa would wind down its operation over the next three months, but
the production plant would continue to operate until back orders had been ful-
filled, Marinelli said. The closure of Alfa's Brits factory will affect about
500 people. "Everything possible will be done to help workers find other em-
ployment. Negotiations are under way to sell the factory to a manufacturer,
and should this sale materialise, many of the workers might thus be employed."
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Sep 85 p 1]

INVESTMENT NEEDED--South Africa needed foreign investment not for survival,

but in order to grow at a rate that would offer a better quality of life to its
poor people, Anglo American Corporation executive director Dr Zac de Beer said
today. Dr de Beer told a Unisa School of Business Leadership disinvestment
seminar in Johannesburg that that was the reason why disinvestment was "g0
cruel". He said the vacuum left by disinvestment or non-investment would have
to be filled by South Africans from their savings. “The narrowing of the wealth
gap was a long-term aim and if the well-to-do section of our population could
be persuaded to provide capital either by direct investment or through financial
institutions this could serve the dual purpose of filling the disinvestment
vacuum and easing societal strains," he said. That would mean considerably
raising the rate of personal and corporate savings here. "These savings could
be achieved partly by scrapping apartheid, reducing the size of Government,

and partly through austerity in consumption," Dr de Beer said. He said the
consumption of goods and services by richer people was much to lavish, and
matters should be adjusted in such a manner that the purchase of luxury items
be less attractive. South Africa's defence expenditure was large and unproduc-
tive. However, reform could diminish the need for a large and expensive de-
fence force. But, Dr de Beer said: "One would need to proceed with caution
in order to avoid any unacceptable military risks." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
STAR in English 10 Sep 85 p 4]

131



As a precondition for giving Nigeria a loan, the IMF has
come up with a number of economic requirements which it
feels the government should fulfil. These include a drastic
reduction in government expenditure, the removal of subsi-
dies, higher interest rates and taxes, the liberalisation of trade
and foreign exchange regulations, and the devaluation of the
naira. In. spite of the stalemated nature of the negotiations,
and the government’s public disparagement of the IMF, the
record of 12 months of the Buhari regime indicates that the
government has been striving to adhere strictly to these
conditionalities.

Since coming to power on 31 December, 1983, the Buhari
administration has instituted major cuts in public expendi-
ture. The civil service and government para-statals have been
savaged by retrenchments. Many types of taxes have been
introduced, including pool tax, sales tax, and educational and
development levies. A wage freeze has been imposed on both
the public and the private sectors. Schools and universities
have been merged and the government subsidy on education
removed, leading to the withdrawal of many students from
Primary schools, colleges and higher institutions.

A change in the currency was instituted, giving full rein
to a squeeze on the money supply. Interest rates have been
pushed up and the expansion rate of bank credits pegged.
Measures are afoot enabling Nigerians and foreigners to
Operate foreign bank accounts in Nigeria. In addition, the
1984 consolidated customs tariff was a submission to the
IMF requirement of import liberalisation. Critical examina-
tion of the various Provisions of the ‘decree reveals that,
with the exception of gaming machines and champagne, any
good can be imported into the country, provided the pros-
Pective importer secures import licenses,

Undoubtedly, had these draconian measures been institu-
ted after the obtaining of the IMF loan, the government
would have been confronted with civil unrest typical of the
experience of other IMF debtor countries of the Third World,
including, of recent memory, Morocco and Argentina. As it
was, the government was able to implement the major part
of the IMF package, while insisting to the public that it will
not compromise the national interest to IMF manipulation.
This public relations exercise has been conducted with re-
markable dexterity, except that Nigeria is now in the un-
enviable position of a country which has suffered virtually
all the aggravation associated with the adherence to the
strictures of the IMF, without however having the benefit
of the loan. -

This has come about because, in spite of the virtual capitu-
lation to the IMF diktat, three major bones of contention
remain, namely the devaluation of the naira, trade liberalisa-

53



SASOL FUEL SUBSIDY TO HOLD PRICE URGED

JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 15 Sep 85 p 3

[Article by Ciaran Ryan]

[Text]

cso:

3400/1218

107

Reserves

‘Last week petrol

went Ito: /I—
we lacregee’ of Ste, Dieset
prices for road users in-

protection when ithadtocon- SA’s oil reserves.


JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN BLACK, WHITE SCHOOLS CRITICIZED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Sep 85 p 16

[Article by John Woodley]

[Text]

Dr Ken Hartshorne, the well-known
authority on black education,
recently expressed the hope that the
teacher/pupil ratio in black schools
could be reduced to 1 to 40.

This would be a huge
improvement on the present
situation, of course — many black
classes contain up to 70 and more
pupils — but if Dr Hartshorne’s
wish came true tomorrow there
would still be very little real
education to be found in those
40-pupil classes.

It is generally assumed that the
standard of white education is very
much higher than black education

, because facilities, teachers’

qualifications and the teacher/pupil

ratio are so much better in the |
; white schools. This assumption is

correct, but the generally held
belief that white children are
actually being educated under these
comparatively ideal conditions is
open to serious question.

It is possible to instruct and even
entertain a crowd of 30-plus with
reasonable success, but very, very
difficult to educate them.

Education in its fullest sense is a
nurturing process, an inspiring
process and a maturing process. At
first the teacher must be a guide
and be a source of inspiration, and
eventually a mentor who equips his
charges for independence.

For such an achievement to be
possible, there has to be a special
relationship between teacher and
pupil. If the class is 30 to 40 strong,
the teacher is reduced to instructing
30 to 40 comparative strangers. If it
is 70 or more, most of them must

71

remain total strangers because only
a rigid distant discipline can cope
with such a situation for all but
highly exceptional teachers.

Most educational planners and
principals of schools would
probably regard 25 pupils per class
as an acceptable average — many
would of course regard this as a
luxury so let’s take a closer look at
what this ideal means in pratice:

The ability to use language
skilfully is one of the basic aims of a
good education, so let’s take
language teaching as our example.

Let us assume that a specialist
teacher of English has five classes
of 25 pupils — a total of 125. (Having
only five classes is also luxury in
many schools.) We also assume that
this teacher is competent and
conscientious, and will therefore
require the pupils to do regular
assignments.

Ideally, the teacher will mark
each assignment with each pupil in
order to discuss problems and to
give encouragement, but the time
necessary to do this with each of 25
pupils in the classroom (while the
other 24 are left unattended) is too
great. The marking then has to be
done outside the classroom. If the
teacher devotes five minutes of
marking time to each pupil per
week this will be 125 multiplied by
five, which is 625 minutes, which is
over 10 hours.

A good teacher is heavily

. involved in extramural activities

and spends as much time as possible
keeping abreast of new
developments in his field, as well as
enriching himself as a human being.


cso:

The situation is equally the
same in Zuru, Riba and Wasagu
villages — the food basket of
Sokoto State.

The 1981 best farmer in
Nigeria, Sarkin Noma in
Wasagu village, Alhaji Ali Mam-
man Kotoko said that if govern-
ment can make farm implements
available to farmers, our food
Problem in the country will soon

over.

In Kano State, farmers have
already started harvesting their
groundnuts while millets have
already started forming seeds.
Fresh maize is also on sale in the
open markets.

The New Nigerian also visited ~

Gashua, Malam Fatori, Baga,
Maiduguri and Pulka in ‘Borno
State, where farm crops looked
promising.

In southern parts of Borno like
Damboa, Biu, Fika, and Askira,
where rainfall is regular,
farmers have already harvested:

3400/1187

23

their maize and are Planting
beans and a guinea corn call
“‘Massakuwa”’ — the dry season
sorghum,

Gongola State looks so n
with farm crops that it might be
blessed with bumper harvest this
year. Cattle rearers particularly
in the Mambilla Plateau, have
grazing pastures in abundance.

In Bauchi State, the New
Ngerian gathered that almost
every household has grown one
fornf of crop or the other.

A prominent farmer in Bauchi
and Garkuwan Bauchi, Alhaji
-Aliyu Ahmadu Kyari said that the
amount of farmland brought
under cultivation had more than
doubled.

He, however, spoke of the need
for government to continue to in-
sist that al! suppliers of farm
equipment like tractors and
ridgers must make spare parts
available and establish service
centres in parts of the country.



JPRS+SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN BUSINESSMEN ANNOUNCE NO MASS EXODUS TO FREE STATE
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Sep 85 p 9

[Text] . ee
There will be no mass ex-

odus of Indian entrepre-
neurs to the Free State
while the Group Areas
Act and other restrictive
legislation remains in
force, say Indian busi-
nessmen.

They were reacting to.
this week’s announce-
ment at the National
Party congress in Bloem-
fontein of the scrapping
of one of the oldest dis-
crimatory statutes — the
banning of Indians from
living and working in the
Free State.

“Tt is just a red her-
ring,” said Johannesburg
businessman Mr Y Ca;
chalia, .

He argued that until
the Group Areas Act and
other dparthied legisla-
tion was abolished, the
scrapping of this statute
“meant nothing”.

The chairman of the
Oriental Plaza  Mer-
chants’ Association, Mr
Yosuf Bhamjee, said the

: scrapping of the legisla-
i tion was an important

step forward — a fore-
runner to dismantling the
apartheid system. .

“Once trading restric-.
tions have gone, owner-
ship will follow and resi-
dential segregation will
have to die. Then we will
move towards a better
South Africa.”

A prominent business-
man and community
leader, Mr E Kharsany,
said of the move: “I see it
as normalising an abnor-
mal situation.”

He said that while
there would not be a
mass exodus of business-
men to the Free State,
the critical unemploy-
ment situation in Natal
might attract artisans,

cso: 3400/1174

89



cso:

3400/1214

express concern on a number of occasions"
recently. Over the. past .two months, for
instance, at’ least 23 people have been
reported killed in‘shooting incidents all
over the country. In all, 51 incidents
involving guns have .been reported over
the same period. The most gruesome of
the incidents took place only Tuesday last
week in Mombasa and Naivasha. An
assailant walked into a doctor's clipic in
‘Mombasa and shot Dr: Kanti Shah dead.
‘A man was later arrested’ and ‘charged.
with the crime. In Naivasha the same
day, a police officer shot dead four of his
colleagues before killing himself. .


cso:

How does he manage to fit it all in?
After a day’s teaching, he is
invariably involved: in some
extramural activity — sports
coaching, or rehearsing a play, or
supervising a debate, or doing the
paperwork demanded by the
Department — teachers have
virtually no secretarial help — to
say nothing of the preparation of
lessons for the next day. All these
activities make demands on his
time — and after all this, that
marking still has to be done.

Let us assume our teacher is a
family man. So when he has finally
finished with umpiring or
refereeing Saturday sport, he is able
to devote the rest of the weekend to
himself and his family.

Monday to Friday, the family
takes a back seat as he devotes two
hours to marking each night And
remember that I have made no
provision for the marking of regular
tests and exams, or for his own
studies to improve his
qualifications.

Remember: he is working under
ideal conditions and he is devoting
five minutes a week to each pupil.
Those teachers who have 40
childern who devote five minutes a
week to each of their 200 pupils
have 16 hours of marking a week —
over three hours a day, Monday to
Friday.

And you — the white readers of
The Star — thought your children
were being educated!

Bearing the above simple facts of
arithmetic in mind, who can blame
black children and teachers for
being cynical about their education,
system?

Reducing the size of classes to 40
would still be an exercise in futility
for the majority of teachers and

3400/1173

72

children who have not only to make
huge cultural leaps to cope with the
present system’s curricula, but have
to express themselves in their third
or fourth language.

We are told by financial planners
that it is unrealistic to think in
terms of drastically reducing the
teacher/pupil ratios. If we are
serious about educating children it
is the only realistic thing to do.

For as long as the present
situation remains, schools will
continue to be places where
aspirations are aroused and then
frustrated by impossible demands.
No wonder the pupils so often burn
them.

A tree with shade enough for
10-15 people, a portable
blackboard, writing and reading
materials and a really competent
teacher (one who really has
aspirations of being a genuine
educator) would be a much more
effective school than even the vast
majority of palatial white schools
are at present.

We must think in terms of small
effective groups whose purpose is:
(a) To teach children the basic skills

they need for coping in the
world of the 80s; “4
(b) To build a sense of wonder, and
(ce) Leave children with a positive
self-image.

The present system — in both
black and white schools — is failing
on all three counts and therefore
producing generation after
generation of young people who are
either apathetic or seething with
resentment. The soccer. violence in
Britain and Europe is an example of
the manifestation of this frustration.

In South Africa we are in the
unusual situation of having to
change our system. We must grab
the opportunity.


CSO:

3400/1177

ton he is speaking of self-deter-
mination and a say in the run-
ning of the country.

The man-in-the-street, proba-
bly unable to articulate these
feelings, identifies the physical
deprivations and oppressive laws
as obstacles towards self-deter-
mination. ~

The Government alone is to
blame for this. If these changes
had been planned and effected
without the seeming pressures,
then the amount of goodwill from
the people would have been over-
whelming.. -:- -

78


ZIMBABWE

HERALD

Blames Botha Regime for Mwenezi Massacre
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 2 Sep 85)....+e-seeseseeceeceereee

Radio Truth Discusses Mozambique Military Ties

(Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe, 8 Sep 85)...eeseeeeee

Radio Truth Condemns Mwenezi Killings, Urges Talks

(Radio Truth to Zimbabwe in English, 4 Sep B5) cece eceeecee

Labor Minister Says Managerial Skills Still in Short Supply

Briefs

(THE HERALD, 10 Sep 85)...eseeeseceesreccecseecssseeteeres

News Agencies Sign Agreement

135

137

139

141

142



cisely that those who differ strongly
negotiate about their differences.
An alliance can demonstrate the
support in our land for such negotia-
tions despite our cleavages, hostil-
ities and differences.
What can a Convention Alliance do
once it ts formed? How will it work?
It would be totally presumptuous
of me to speak on behalf of such an
alliance as those who form it will
have to decide on its agenda and
Programme of action. .
However, I do have some idea of
the actions that such an alliance
could be involved in. For example:
It could set up a secretariat to co-
ordinate its activities country-wide.
It immediately facilitates commu-
nication between its members on a
nation-wide basis. In this way misun-
derstandings can be cleared up and
~ collective attitudes can be estab-
lished on current and future events.
It could structure constitutional
debate and allow its member organi-
sations to discuss the differences
that exist between them.
It could organise rallies and
arrange nation-wide petitions to

either encourage or discourage Gov-
ernment on a particular course of |
action.

It could regionalise alliance activi-
tles, The problems in KwaZulu and
Natal are of a different order in
some respects than those of Eastern
and Western Cape. :

Keeping at all times in mind the
theme of the Alliance of One Consti-
tution, One Citizenship, One Country,
these regional differences can be
brought under sharper focus.

There can even be a Convention
Hall in Cape Town sitting when Par-
Hiament does discussing the same
agenda as Parliament and showing
the Government what the members
of the alliance think of the affairs of
state, : 1

It could provide the couritry’ and
the outside world with a systematic
well thought out agenda on how
apartheid can be dismantled as
quickly as possible.

Of course these are just sugges-
tions and they can obviously be im-
Proved upon.

~ Let me make it quite clear to
members of the UDF, ANC and

cso: 3400/1142

others who have rejected this Con-
vention Alliance out of hand. I sug-
gest It not to create some artificial

* alliance between Inkatha, myself
and the Government.

‘On the very day they accused me
of this, Government-supporting
newspapers accused me of seeking
extra-parliamentary action.

I did not suggest it because I have
delusions of grandeur about “taki
over leadership” or “filling a gap le!
by others”,

T suggest it because our country is
polarising at a rate of knots between
two simplistic and vicious options:
brutal repression on the one side and
brutal revolt on the other.

Both depend on and use violence to
either maintain or change the status
quo and they feed on each other,

In a country such as ours neither
can be controlled by any single group
or Individual to achleve its aims,

Savagery

It fs pure fantasy and dangerous
romanticism to think that brutal vio-
lence can be an orderly instrument to
restore law and order or. to work
through revolutionary hidden agen-

as,

The only visible consequence will
be savagery and ilting on a scale
that will brutalise the future for all
of us.

That is why a Convention Alliance
could demonstrate that rationality
can still be mobilised to be of some
Political consequence in our frac-
tured land.

If churches, universities, business,
unions and parties cannot be mobi-
Used to do so, then history will show
that those who could were either
Hrubeing thelr hands or sitting on

em while the profiteers of violence
held the day. ,

106


EMIGRATION TO UK, NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA RISES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Sep 85 p 4

[Article by Winnie Graham]
[Text]

AUSTRALIAN, New Zealand
and British companies have
launched a full-scale campaign °
to recruit professional staff in
South Africa — and there is no
shortage of takers.

Lawyers, quantity’ ‘surveyors,
metallurgists, engineers, stock-
broking analysts, computer . ex-
perts, electrical fitters and jour-
nalists are among the people being
offered fobs overseas,

Top flight companies in Britain,
Australia and New Zealand, a
parently aware that many Sou!
African professionals are consid-
ering emigration because of the
ongoing political unrest, have
moved swiftly to capture the best
brains in the country.

At least a dozen journalists from
various South African newspapers
have accepted jobs in Australia.
Their departure coincides with
the closure of several South Afri-
can newspapers and the demise of
several trade magazines.

The emigration of so many
trained newspapermen is regard-
edasa Freat loss for South African
journalism.

‘The brain drain has not, stopped
there. Overseas employers are
either advertising for staff in SA or
sending senior executives to the

cso: 3400/1218

coun! to recruit the manpower
needed, m

An advertisement in the Sunda:
Times last week, for instance, indl-
cated that a senior partner from
an Australian firm would be inter-
viewing quantity survs s/esti-
mators in Durban, Cape Town and
Johannesburg next week. The
company, with offices in Austra-
lia’s main cittes, offers “first-class
working conditions, excellent sala-
my overtime and other benefits,
plus fares and initial accommoda-

jon for successful applicants”

The New Zealand Synthetic Fu-
els Corporation, operating the.
world’s first plant to convert the
natural gas from feedstock to pet-
rol, is looking for engineers to help
run the complex,

One of Australia’s leading stock-
brokers involved in wide-ranging
investment banking activities
plans to expand and is looking for
executives, including a senior in-
stitutional dealer, an industrial
analyst, a fixed deposit dealer, a
corporate advisory executive and
a private client manager.

A New Zealand firm wants a
switchgear foreman to “take
charge of our high voltage electri-

76

JPRS“SSA*854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

cal assembly shop” as well as
several experienced electrical fit-
ters to work on circuit breakers
and panels, ring main gear and
control panels in its high voltage

‘A iegel firm in Perth is looking
for experienced attorneys and ad-
 Gomnputer experts are also in
‘omputer are al le-
mand. Professionals with five
years or more experience in “IBM
or IBM-compatible” equipment
are being offered contracts to
work in Melbourne.
Even Britain has jobs on offer.
Renault Truck Industries in Dun-
stable, Bedfordshire, is advertisin,

~ for senior engineers and staff ai

supervisory level,

With pay increases lagging be-
hind rising living costs and most
firms unable to promise staff sub-
stantial improvements next year,
recruiting officers are having no
difficulty finding good staff.

Arecruiting officer in Johannes-
burg said the political unrest coup-
led with declining living standards
made it easier to encourage skilled
staff to emigrate.

“Oddly enough, the people mak-
ing enquiries about relocating
overseas have jobs in Sout
Africa,” he said.


fomented Indo-African
violence during the unrest.
She further quotes faceless
members of the KwaZulu
Legislative Assembly who
told her “in private conver- :
sations” that they were
against “exploitative” In-
dian traders.

One wonders where Prof
Meer met these faceless
members of the Assembly,
Since when has Prof Meer
bothered to talk “private-
ly” to “sell outs, stooges
and operators of the sym-

, bols of the systems”?

Whatever. derogatory ¢
comments’ Prof Meer:
chooses to make about In- :
katha and Chief Buthelezi,:
the whole country knows :
who was to blame for the.”

-- Violence and what role In-,
: katha and Chief Buthelezi
* played in that violence.

cso:

nity is not sincere. We wil

No amount of anti-In-
, katha propaganda from
4 any quarter will changes
the facts of the matter. ~

We cannot help feeling
that Prof Meer’s apparent |
concern about black disu-.

only take her serlously~
when she stops using her’
undoubted intellectual ca:

pability and exceptional ;
writing skill ag instruments:

of black disunity. We*
know she can nse her tal-

ents in the cause of black

unity because she used to ;
do it during the past 10

years.

It was during this period
that she won enormous re-
spect from our people and
from Chief Buthelezi to
whom she was very close.
Duritig this period Chief :

3400/1175

“Buthelezt’s politics and the ©
basis of his political invol-
_ vement in KwaZulu has
not changed. 4
What went wrong be-
«tween her and Chief Bu-
* thelezi? It is tragic to see
+ her turning her’ back on
her former self.in pursuit
‘of senseless party political
“point scoring.

The ANC/and Prof
Meer’s favourite organisa-
tions, the UDF and its af-
filiates, are the ones that
have rejected Inkatha’s
hand of friendship as the
following facts will show:
® In 1979 Chief Buthelezi
and some of us in the se-
nior leadership of Inkatha
flew to London at the invi-
tation of president’ Oliver
Tambo of the ANC. I am
not free to report on this
meeting, except to remark

that the exchanges at the
meeting were extremely
cordial.

We expected the ANC
to come back to us on cer-
tain issues raised at the
meeting. Indeed they came
back to us in the form of
blistering attacks on Chief

* Buthelezi and Inakatha, by

both the ANC secretary-
general, Mr Alfred Nzo,
and later by Mr Tambo:
himself.

This has been the pat-
tern ever since.
‘ A few years ago, the

ngresses, This 1s no
r the case and no ex-
jon was forth-com-
at this sudden change’

f fittitude.
m{When the UDF -was

102

founded, its spokesmen de-
clared that they would ac-
‘cept all organisations ‘as
| affiliates “except Inka-
tha”.
“Blatantly ‘raclal’ organi-
ations like the Natal In-
alan Congress’ and the
Transvaal Indian Congress
fare, however, leading and
influential members of the
UDF. So it is that the first
| sound that the UDF ut-
tered at its birth was a re-
jection of Inkatha.
& Chief Buthelezi and Mr
Nelson Mandela have been
friends for many years,
Chief Buthelezi used to
visit Mr Mandela in Jo-
hannesburg and Mr Man-
dela himself was a family
lawyer of Chief Buthelezi’s
in-laws,

Even from Robben Is-
land Mr Mandela used to
write to Chief Buthelezi.
Reports like Professor
Meer’sarticle tend to
drive a-wedge between
these two leaders. In her

“article, Prof Meer con-
jures up & false image of
an ambitious Chief Buthe-
Jezi who is keenly promiot-
ed by Western countried as
a counter to the radicalism
of the ANC and Mr Mn.
dela, Pa

What does Prof eet
expect Mr Mandela to:say
when he reads such allega-
tions in prison?”

Therefore, If Prof Meer
is sincere in her desiré for
black unity, let her look
inwardly at herself and
then ask whether or not
she is using her God given
talents as instruménts of
black unity.

— Article shor!

* Editor



RIGHT-WING CLERGYMEN TO FORM INTER-CHURCH GROUP

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Sep 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/1174

Conservative churchmen from the three Afrikaans
“sister churches” are to form their own inter-church
organisation “to counter the activities of far-left
church bodies”.

Their decision has caused concern among more
moderate church leaders, who feel this step will only
increase polarisation among church members.

However, a committee of right-wing ministers and
theologians has already been established in Pretoria
to draw up a constitution for the organisation.

Members of the committee include Afrikaner
Volkswag leader and theologian Professor Carel Bo-
shoff; an ousted executive member of the Federasie
van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (FAK), the Rev
Mossie van den Berg; and Professor A D Pont.

They say they were responding to dissatisfied rum-
blings from church members following the Govern-
ment’s reform announcements of recent months.

The Moderator of the Northern Transvaal Synod of
the NGK, Professor Johan Heyns, said he regretted
the move as it would only increase polarisation. *

87

IPRS+SSA+854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



The IMF requirement of trade liberalisation would have
Nigeria open up its borders to all kind of imports, as long as
there is a market for them, and abolish all duties on such
goods. It also implies allowing the free movement of capital
in and out of the country, with no restrictions whatsoever.
This policy will have the virtue of encouraging the free flow
of foreign investment into Nigeria. It will also expedite the
transfer of technology, raise local productivity and, most
importantly, enhance domestic competition, thereby elimina-
ting the inefficient allocation of resources. .

The truth is that the long-standing policy of impott-
substitution behind high tariff walls has been to the ecors-.
mic detriment of Nigeria. The pursuit of import-substitution
encourages the proliferation of wasteful and inefficient
industries. The dearth of high-level technology and industrial
managerial knowhow, and especially the non-existence of
effective domestic demand, leads to the establishment of
small, uneconomic industrial plants which have to be protec-
ted ad infinitum. This weakens the incentive for technolo-
gical innovation and ensures that the few industrial products
generated under the scheme are of such high cost as to make
them uncompetitive in international markets.

Moreover, contrary to expectation, import-substitution
has not decreased Nigeria’s imports, but has merely changed
its composition. Instead of importing finished goods, we
now find ourselves importing raw materials and intermediate
products, capital goods, and even greater amounts of agricul-
tural products.

The increase in agricultural imports has resulted from the
fact that new investments in domestic production are often
sacrificed to the requirements of the import-substituting
industries. Indeed, the proceeds of the agricultural sector
has traditionally been employed in Nigeria to finance the new
needs of the industrial sector. This has had a deleterious
effect on the income inequities between agriculture and
industry, thereby, further widening the condition of rural-
urban income disparity. And the result has been a steady
erosion of the nation’s safety margins of agricultural pro-
duction, and an increase in urban migration and employment.

Trade liberalisation will serve to correct these distortions
to an appreciable extent. However, there are grounds for
arguing, as the government seems to be doing, that under the
present circumstances, it would be economically unwise to
liberalise trade. There is a basic incongruity in having a nation
whose financial crisis is precisely the consequence of indiscri-
minate importation, pursue an open door policy with imme-
diate effect.

55



Already the estimate of roughly %6 billion in trade arrears
is out of kilter with the chronic shortage of basic commodi-
ties in the last years of the Second Republic. What exactly
did we buy? The evidence suggests that much of the goods
never did reach Nigeria, and that many are taking advantage
of our sloppy accounting methods to claim that we owe them
money for goods which were never supplied. According to
the former Managing Director of the IBWA, Oladele Ola-
shore, in 1981, for instance, Nigeria remitted a total of W11.9
billion abroad for imports, while only a total of N2.7 billion
worth of goods was actually imported. (See The Guardian, 11
May, 1984). :

Short of repudiating these trade arrears, and thereby pro-
voking commercial ostracism by our foreign partners and
suppliers which is sure to bring our externally-dependent
economy to a crash, Nigeria is faced with the burden of seek-
ing their refinancing into short-term debts. Some of this re-
financing, specifically with regard to our “uninsured” trade
Partners, have already been amicably negotiated. Others,
with our “insured”trade partners whose exports are backed
by government export credit agencies, remain outstanding.
The latter grouping is insisting that a pre-condition for such
refinancing is the ‘conclusion of the stalemated agreement
between Nigeria and the IMF. :

The nature of Nigeria’s debt commitments is also economi-
cally suffocating. While the total sum in itself is not beyond
the nation’s ability to repay, the debts are so bunched that
the nation is now in the throes of repayment humps. Thus,
while in 1984, the debt-service ratio as a percentage of total
government expenditure was 25%; in 1985, it is projected at
44%; and by 1987, it is envisaged that it will scale the heights
of 60%. This means that the bulk of the nation’s income will
.simply be used to service loans, at zero gain to the economy.

Short of repudiating our debts, therefore, it is imperative
that we reschedule all our loans, in order to stretch out the
interest and amortization payments, thereby lightening the
burden on the nation’s purse in the short-term. -

The problem here, however, is that the government is un-
likely to succeed in obtaining the requisite co-operation of its _
creditors for the rescheduling of its debt, if it persists in re-
jecting the IMF's draconian conditions for its extended fund.
facility. .

It is clear that IMF assistance is being employed in this ear
of Reaganomics as a political weapon to keep debtor nations
firmly within the straight and the narrow of the free enter-
prise and free trading system. It is now almost impossible for
& poor country with balance-of-payments difficulties to
obtain loans from Western commercial banks or governments,
without first succumbing to the rigours of IMF conditionali-
ties and, thereby, obtaining an IMF “certificate of guaran-
tee.”

51



IPRS*SSA#85+096
8 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ALLIES AID ASSAULT ON MNR HEADQUARTERS
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 7 Sep 85 p 3

[Text]

The civil war in Mozambique has entered a new phase with the direct
participation for the first time of sizeable foreign forces on the side
of the government against the guerrillas of the Mozambique National
Resistance. According to the MNR's spokesman in Lisbon, Jorge CORREIA,
speaking to THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2,000 Zimbabwean paratroops and
several MiG-21 aircraft supplied by Ethiopia took part in a massive
offensive launched by Maputo on August 28 against the rebel movement's
headquarters, known as "Banana Base" in the Gorongosa mountains of Sofala
province in the centre of the country. Fighting of an unusual violence
has raged for a week up to now, with no indication of the outcome of the
battle. According to our information the MNR has so far managed to retain
control of its headquarters. The parachutists have been withdrawn and
combats are now confined to the immediate area of the base.

The offensive was reportedly spearheaded by 2,000 Mozambican troops
from the garrison of Vila Paiva Andrade, which is situated about 40
kilometres from Banana Base. They were said to have been backed up by as
many Zimbabwean paratroops brought in by Mi-24 and Mi-25 helicopters.
Some 60 BM-14 "Stalin organ" multiple rocket-launchers were also used in
the attack. According to Mr CORREIA, the aim of the Mozambican commanders
was to destroy the Gorongosa base and kill the president of the MNR
Afonso DLAKHAMA, who lives there with his wife and two children. "They
are still there", Mr CORREIA told us.

I.0.N.- This is the first time since 1981 that Mozambican regular
forces have tried to seize the MNR's field headquarters » and it seems
they are once again heading for defeat. (In 1981 the target was the
"Garagua" base, in the same region as Banana.) The base, said to be
defended by 3,000 guerrillas, is the venue for all the MNR's political
and military meetings, which are attended by Mr DLAKHAMA and siz
"brigadiers"., According to Mr CORREIA, the rebel movement now has
25,000 men in the country's ten provinces, which means, if he is to be
believed, that there are now as many guerrillas as regular governnent
| troops facing them. Between 3,000 and 5,000 of them are said to be

13



JPRS“SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

GDR GRANTS MULTIMILLION DOLLAR CREDIT FOR MACHINERY
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] The German Democratic Republic (GDR) has proposed a 200 million dollar
(about N179 million) credit to Nigeria for the supply of machinery and equip-
ment, at the commercial counsellor at the GDR Embassy, Mr. Gerhard Pasenau,
said in Lagos. ;

Briefing newsmen on economic relations between the GDR and Nigeria, Mr.
Pasenau said that the embassy was waiting for the Nigerian government to con-
firm a date in September for the signing of the agreement.

The machinery and equipment to be delivered under the agreement were for the
construction of machine tool plants, as well as rural electrification, print-
ing, food processing, textile, and building material plants, Mr. Pasenau said.

Mr. Pasenau said that the signing of the agreement for the credit facility,
which took two years to negotiate would bring wider possibilities to increase
trade between the two countries.

Téade between the GDR and Nigeria, although relatively small, has remained in
favour of the GDR as that country has not imported goods from Nigeria for three
years running, while it exported’ goods Valued at about N8.95 million to Nigeria
in 1984 and 1983 respectively.

In 1982, exports from GDR to Nigeria were valued at N40.27 million and consis-
ted mostly of goods meant for the Ajaokuta Steel Company, the commercial coun-
sellor said. :

He said that Nigeria would not officially participate in next month's inter-
national trade fair, in Leipzig, in the GDR, due to its difficult economic situ-
ation but pointed out that some Nigerian visitors were expected.

He also said that beginning from next year, the GDR would participate in the
Lagos International Trade Fair on a regular basis.

CSO: 3400/1194

42


NEPC PRESSES FOR NEW EXPORT DRIVE

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 2 Sep 85 pi

[Article by Michael Oduniyi7

[Rext] THe Nigerian Export

cso:

Promotion Council
in conjuction with the
Commonwealth
Secretariat, will soon
embark on some export
promotion drive on four
fronts namely Cameroon
and Gabon; _ Brazil;
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
Abu Dhabi and Dubai;
and Australia.

. This was disclosed to
Business Times last

week by an official of the |

Nigerian Export
Promotion Council.

The export promotion.
programmes are made
up of the Contact Pro-
motion Programme
(CPP) for Nigeria in
Cameroon and Gabon
for. products like
Nigerian-made-wines,
motorised fishing and
transport boats, vitale
and other cocoa based

beverages,

Other products are sta-
tionery (pencils and ball
pens), tropical fruits juices,
plastic and rubber shoes,
electric bulbs, other
lightings .and’ asbestors
cement products.

The second front export
‘Promotion _ programmes,
‘being funded by the
Commonwealth” Fund for

3400/1135

Technical Co-operation,
include the market survey
and test marketing of
Nigerian Products in Brazil,
for products such as

African LP phonographic.

records, African prints with
varied ‘designs, Nigerian-
made-wines, processed
instant yarn flour, and so

‘on.
The third front for the”

promotion programmes, is
the Market Survey and Test
Marketing of Nigerian
Products in Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Abu’ Dhabi and
Dubai, for cocoa-based
beverages (Vitalo, etc.)
kolanut fruit, fibre and
carpet praying mats,
wooden window blinds and
tooth picks.

The last front in the
export promotion
Programmes is the market
survey for Nigerian cocoa
Products in Australia.
These programmes are to
tun concurrently.

Meanwhile, willing
Nigerian manufacturing
exporters who have the
capability to supply any.of
the products for the promo-
tion programmes, have
started submitting
application to the Nigerian
Export Promotign Council,

46

JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERTA

Hitherto, many Nigerian
Products have ~ illegally.
found their way to many
parts of.the . world. Itvis
believed that with little
‘effort Nigerian products are
likely to have ready markets
in many parts of the world. _

These products include
lace materials, detergents
especially _OQmo brand,
cosmetics, and plastic
materials. which ;

,found their way to

neighbouring West African
countries.

Other export goods like
cocoa, palm produce and
other allied agricultural
produce, have been illegally
‘smuggled out of the
country. These goods are
prominent in European
countries, most especially
carvings made here, which
are on display in America
and other western
European countries.

Previous studies carried
‘out on potential markets for
Nigerian products showed
that products such as alumi-



IPRS“SSA=854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DROVES FLEE OVERSEAS TO DODGE DRAFT
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Sep 85 p 5
[Article by Ian Hobbs}

[Text]

cso:

LONDON — There has been a
sharp increase in the number
of Defence Force conscripts
seeking asylum in Britain and
Europe.

A spokesman for the London-
based Committee of SA War Resis-

tors (COSAWR) said yesterday the «

increased flow reflected the con-
cern of many conscripts about be-
ing used to enforce the state of
emergency. .

“Since last year the trickte has
become a steady stream,” he said.

“The London office of COSAWR
is seeing an unprecedented num-
ber of.conscripts or SA men opp as.
ing conscription and seeking help
or asylum.

“An even freater number are
seeking help through the COSAWR
offices in The Netherlands.”

COSAWR’s Amsterdam office
recently reported as many as 7 000
draft dodgers were living in Brit-
ain and Europé and said Western
governments were showing in-
creasing compassjon and concern
for their” plight.

A joint statement by the British
and Dutch offices of the movement
condemned the arrests this week
of four End. Conscription Car-
paign (ECC) members, among
them Cape chairman Michael Ev-
ans.

3400/1167

‘The statement denied the claim

Law and Order Deputy Minister
Adrian Volk that the ECC was,
“being used by the ANC to achieve
the banned organisation's evil
goals”.

“Apartheid, and its mainten-
ance through police and military
forces, has always been the major
source of suffering and resistance
| in SA,” the statement said.
‘The ECC has called for the re-

moval of troops from the town-
ships, for an end to conscription
‘and a just peace in our land.

“Its programme of peaceful re-
sistance has presented the mili-
tary-dominated state with an un-

_ precedented challenge.

| “Once again, the state's actions
have ‘demonstrated that it. is
apartheid and not the forces op-
posing it which reject peaceful

-otest.”

PETER WALLINGTON writes
that the police crackdown on the.
ECC comes in the wake of growing
support for the organisation.

COSAWR ECC Press officer
David Shandler told Business
Day the state of emergency had
focused attention on the role of
servicemen in the townships —

75

‘figure for

and many did not like what they
saw.

“They don't want to fire on fel-
low South Africans, and they don't
want to be responsible for apart-
heid,” he said.

Shandler said this week's deten-
tions were based on government’s
fear “that their system of ‘con-
scription and the deployment of
troops in the townships was meet-
ing growing opposition from the
white community”.

The London-based Catholic In-
stitute for International Relations
had calculated that, from the late
1970s to the early 1980s, about
4.000 young men had fled SA rath-
er than undergo national service.

Shandler said by July this year
the Board of Religious Objectors
had received over 350 applica-
tions, compared with the same
e whole of last year.

‘And, he said, more than 7500
men had not registered with the
SADF in January, up from the pre-
vious January’s 1700.

A spokesman for the SADF said
6000 of the 7589 were students,
who had since been allocated to
another call-up. Another 890 had
failed to notify the SADF of their
change of address, while others
had failed matric and had gone
back to school.


JPRS#SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH DISCUSSES MOZAMBIQUE MILITARY TIES

MB081220 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe 0430 GMT
8 Sep 85

[Text] We still await official confirmation of the extent to which
Zimbabwean troops have become involved in offensive operations against
RENAMO in Mozambique. RENAMO communiques suggest that Zimbabwe
National Army [ZNA] forces have combined with units of the Mozambican
Armed Forces [FAM] in a major assault on Renamo bases in the Sofala
Province. According to Renamo over 100 Zimbabwean troops were killed
in this offensive. This figure may well be exaggerated, but in the
absence of any official government statement at this end rumors are
bound to circulate.

ZANU-PF owes it to the people of this country that the true situation
should be clarified. We believe that so far at least two Zimbabwean
brigades have been deployed in Mozambique: One in a defensive role of
guarding our lines of supply; and the other for offensive operations
against Renamo. With every justification it is claimed that the ZNA
forces are far better trained and equipped than the FAM counterparts,
but this is not a reason to sacrifice Zimbabwean lives in another
country's civil war. As we have said so often, the repercussions for
our nation could be extremely dangerous and far-reaching.

ZNA intelligence officers admit that the moral of the Frelimo troops
is at an all-time low, so much so that they leave their dead and
wounded behind on the battlefield. Some of our officers. who have
returned from Chimoio confirm that they and their men have a very.
low opinion of FAM soldiers. They appear to have no fight left in
them and to be fit. for protective duties only. Moreover, the FAM
units no longer have any logistics support.

Meanwhile, to try and bolster their fighting furtunes, senior Frelimo
officials ard officers have launched an intensive recruiting campaign
among the civil population, especially in Maputo. The chief of
general staff, the secretary for defense, and the minister of internal
affairs have all been involved in this latest effort. They toured

137



JPRS“SSA“85+096
8 October 1985

commuter opinion on mixed trains, said it was only at the Cape Town station
that commuters had to walk to find a neutral compartment. He said people who
had telephoned to complain about the Placement of the carriages had been sat-
isfied with his explanation. "Mixed trains are still very new and so far
things are running smoothly. We will be changing things and experimenting
but we cannot change things around every week," he said. A common complaint
from commuters who spoke to The Argus was that neutral trains merely gave
first class white passengers more seats to choose from and less space in the
already overcrowded second and third class carriages. Mr Diedericks said
this was true "to a certain extent". "But there are still places in the
first class neutral carriage, where there doesn't seem to be much mixing,"
he said. "Of course if all the neutral carriages are full and the whites-
only carriages empty we will have fewer Segregated carriages," he said. Mr
Diedericks said most callers who spoke to him had been positive about the
changes. "Give us time to sort the minor problems out," he said. [Text]
[Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 9 Sep 85 p 8]

MEDICAL RESEARCHERS-~South African researchers had to contribute to world
medical knowledge if they wished to draw on the international pool of re-
sources, the director of the Medical Research Council, Professor Andries
Brink, said today. At the opening of the International Association for Dental
Research symposium in Cape Town, Professor Brink said the benefits that dis-
covery and science had brought to mankind made increasing demands on research
and gave rise to high expectations. He said it was not possible for researchers
to be "left alone and not bothered", as they sometimes wished. They had to
work within a research organisation with a certain degree of bureaucracy and

a committee system, because the public they served wanted to know what was
being done. “The need for medical and dental research in South Africa is
great and requires a major effort. We have the vast health problems of a de-
veloping world and also those problems of a developed world in excess," said
Professor Brink. He said he believed there was a greater obligation to pro-
duce more researchers than there was practising physicians or dentists.
Seventeen papers by students and staff of the University of the Western Cape's
dental faculty have been withdrawn from the symposium. The decision was taken
in protest against "the violence emanating from Government policies". The
president of the South African division of the International Association for
Dental Research, Professor C W van Wyk, said the boycott was "strange". "We
are a scientific body and completely non-political," he said. [Text] [Cape
Town THE ARGUS in English 9 Sep 85 p 2]

BELTEL TO GO COMMERCIAL--Beltel, the Post Office's new electronic information
service, is to be upgraded and will go fully commercial early next year.
Minister of Communications and Public Works Dr Lapa Munnik announced yesterday
that this decision follows market research which, he said, proves the viabil-
ity of Beltel. Officially opening the Videotex 85 conference being held in
conjunction with the business efficiency exhibition, Bexa, at Johannesburg's
National Exhibition Centre, Crown Mines, Munnik said the new system will cater
for about 15 000 users, compared with the present 3 000; the number of informa-
tion providers will also be increased. Munnik said improved facilities will
include the ability 6 establish a connection via Beltel with any computer,

the redesign of the electronic mailbox facility and a simplified method of
searching for specific information. Since October 1, 1984, when Beltel tariffs

130


and refined sugar production declined
from 367,600 tonnes in 1981 to 353,300
tonnes in 1982. To meet the local demand,
2,200 tonnes of refined sugar, worth
shs.1,960,000, were imported in 1982 as
compared to 1,800 tonnes in 1981. .

In spite of the drought conditions
experienced in the country over parts of
1983 and 1984, the food processing
industry in general has continued to
thrive, though some sectors have shown
substantial decline. In 1982, the enter-
prises engaged in food processing showed
an overall growth rate of 5.8 per cent com-
pared to 3.2 per cent in 1982. By the end,
of last year, the growth rate had risen to,
7.3 per cent. :

Meat production has continued a high
performance over this period. In 1983,
production went up to 18,050 tonnes,
mainly because of high domestic demand.
Exports of canned meat and meat
products, however,’ fell to 1,748 tonnes.
Following the prolonged drought, many
stock-keepers were anxious to sell off their
animals rather than lose them. Conse-
quently, production went up significantly
to 28,000 tonnes in 1984, while exports
almost doubled to 3,897 tonnes. Milk
‘production which had risen to 304 million
tonnes in 1983, however, declined to 197
million tonnes in 1984 as a result of the
drought. While there had been a marked
increase in the production of ghee and
whole dried milk the previous year, a total
of 46 million tonnes of dried milk had to
be imported in 1984 to make up for the
fall in production.

Enterprises dealing in grain milling,
canned vegetables, fruit and vegetable
juices also had a hard time as a result of

the drought. The combined effects of ,

drought and high prices of milled flour
appeared to affect both the production of
and the demand for maize and wheat
meal, and their production fell by 12.6 per
cent in 1983. This trend followed through
1984, But while wheatmeal production
continued ‘to fall from 222 tonnes in 1983
to 202 tonnes in 1984, maize flour output.
slightly went up from 228 tonnes to 302
tonnes in the same period. Production of
edible fats and canned fruits maintained
a steady upward trend through the
period, but that of canned vegetables,
fruit and vegetable juices showed a

significant decline over the two years.
This was mainly attributed to the adverse
weather conditions, although the closure
of the Pan African Vegetable Mills at
Naivasha was believed to have had an
effect too.

Sugar product : »:, which had seriously
declined in 1982 i, ‘gan picking up in 1983,
mainly as a result of better producer
prices and improv -d cane transportation
‘facilities. By the end of 1984, production
Was 23.6 per cent up. Minor decreases
were, however, revi rded in the production
of confectioneric :. chocolates and gums,
This trend seem: .o have been reversed.
The House of M:.ji, one of the leading
confectionery fir -: in the country, early

this week announced that it waa in the
Process of exporting 120 tonnes of its
products to Djibouti in a deal worth about
shs.1.8 million. In announcing the deal,
the firm’s chairman, Mr. Madatali Manji,
may also have given an insight into one of
the problems that plague the confec-
tionery industry in the country. He told
the minister for commerce and industry,
Mr. Peter Okondo, that confectioners
were having problems marketing their
products due to a flood of the domestic
market with illegally imported products,
citing foreign breakfast cereals as an
example. He mentioned Mombasa as one
of the areas where they were worst hit by
this illegal competition,

One area that has shown little growth:
over the past few years has been the
production of food drinks — beer, spirits
and mineral waters (soda). Production of
spirits, which stood at 460,000 litres in
1980, went up to an all time high in 1981
when it reached 610,000 litres. Since then,
it has remained at around 600,000 litres,
Mineral waters stood at 142 million litrea
in 1980 and steadily clitnbed up to 150.8
million in 1981, By 1983, production had
fallen sharply to 118.8 million litres,
picking up again to 137 million last year.

‘The most interesting statistics are in
beer production. As far back as 1978, beer
production in the country stood at 220
million litres. Slowly, production crawled
up to 233 million in 1982, falling back 217
million in 1983, a point lower than 1978
level. By last year it had picked up again
to 230 litres, which was still below the
1982 production. I€ would appear that.


IJPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

BLACKS UNHAPPY ON WHITE FARMS-~South Africa's most dissatisfied group are blacks
in white farming areas and migrant workers who live in township hostels, ac-
cording to social science expert Professor Laurie Schlemmer, Professor
Schlemmer was speaking at the Human Sciences Research Council international
conference on intergroup relations in Pretoria yesterday. He said the per-
ception of quality of life in South Africa differed sharply in the various
race groups. Indians and whites were the least discontent, followed by colour-
eds, then urban blacks, rural homeland blacks, peri-urban shack-dwellers, and
last were blacks in white farming areas and hostel-dwelling migrant workers.
Professor Schemmer's assessments were based on extensive research carried out
in 1983. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Sep 85 p 17]

JOB SHORTAGE--Graduates are finding it harder to get jobs, a trend that is
likely to continue, warns the careers adviser at the University of Cape Town.
Mervyn Wetmore, recently appointed to the post after seven years of student
counselling at Rhodes, said yesterday the problem was acute for those who
had done general degree courses. Graduates in areas such as computing and
accounting should experience little or no problem, he said. Wetmore said the
UCT' careers office annual job placement programme had shown many employers
had a surprisingly unsophisticated approach to recruitment. Employers were
invited annually to interview graduating students for positions and to give
details of financial assistance and vacation employment. Wetmore said he
planned a major symposium for April and hoped this would attract personnel
executives and careers advisers. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 17 Sep 85 p 4]

EMIGRATION STEPS UP--More people are emigrating, according to figures released
by Central Statistical Services. From January to June 5 006 (3 970 last year)
emigrated. During this period immigration dropped by about 40% to 11 259.

Of the 941 emigrants in June 133 were professional and technical, 38 engi-
neers, 14 accountants, nine educationists and seven physicians or dentists.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Sep 85 p 3]

FRUIT HARVEST--The drought has destroyed about 40% of the fruit harvest,
says Boet van Niekerk, chairman of the Free State Fruit Growers' Association.
Unusual cold and heavy frost had dealt an added blow, he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 85 p 5]

IRELAND'S BAN UPSET--Dublin--An agreement leading to the banning of South
African produce from Ireland's supermarkets appeared to fall apart yesterday
after it was challenged by the management of one supermarket. The Eire
government had announced on Saturday that the country's leading supermarket
chains had agreed to phase out the sale of South African fruit and vegetables
after a 14-month strike by 11 employees at one Dublin branch. "The agreement
will enable the protesters to advance their campaign without prolonging the
dispute," the Labour Minister, Ruairi Quinn, said. The protesters, employees
of a Dublin branch of the Dunne's supermarket chain, have been on strike since
July, 1984, in a campaign against the sale of South African produce. After a
meeting between the striking employees and Dunne's Management yesterday, the
company said reports of the agreement were misleading. Any decision on whether

132


NATION'S ECONOMY, IMF'S REQUIREMENTS VIEWED

Lagos NIGERIAN FORUM in English Mar/Apr 85 pp 85-93

[Erticle by Femi Aribisale7

Giext/

Much of the criticism about the efforts of the Nigerian
government to obtain a structural adjustment loan from the
IMF has centred on the grounds that further resort to foreign
borrowing would usher Nigeria effectively into the vicious
spirals of a foreign debt trap. However, the reality of the
economic situation in the country today is that Nigeria is
already firmly within the straitjackets of the debt trap. And
the catch is that only by resorting to more loans can we stand
a chance of breaking loose.

Nigeria is not economically “‘over-borrowed.” In spite of
reduced earnings and the vagaries of unstable export markets,
the country still ears a considerable amount from oil, and
at relatively little cost. However, the country is burdened
with a huge hangover of medium and long-term loans with
bunched maturities, and this, in effect, makes the nation
insolvent. The disproportionate aspect of Nigeria’s inflated
foreign liabilities was incurred in the form of suppliers’
credits and other similarly deferred payments arising from
indiscriminate imports during the reckless years of the Se-
cond Republic. .

The gravity of the crisis is such that we do not even know,
with any degree of precision, how much we are owing. The
government has contracted Chase Manhattan of London to
help us reconcile the claims of our foreign creditors with the
records of the Central Bank. It is a testament to the country’s
pathetic position that a foreign organ such as Chase has to
be entrusted with such a delicate task. One thing is certain,
when the books are finally closed, the nation will be saddled
with inflated bills.

50

JPRS+SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA


Effect of Consumer Boycotts Assessed

(Peter Wallington; BUSINESS DAY, 17 Sep 85) .....cee eee eeee

Boycotts' Spread Forces Busiriess To Review Strategy

(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Sep 85) ..ccsccccccccccccees

Milton Friedman's Statement on RSA Recalled

(BUSINESS DAY, 17 Sep CS)

Pressures on Nation's Banking System Noted

(Hellouise Truswell; BUSINESS DAY, 17 Sep 85)..cscceeveees

System of Education in Black, White Schools Criticized

(John Woodley; THE STAR, 10 Sep 85). ..cccccuscscceescecves

Children as Products of Faulty Education System Deplored
(SOWETAN, 10 Sep 85). ..cccecceccceccnecceccccccscencecuces

Droves Flee Overseas to Dodge Draft

(Ian Hobbs; BUSINESS DAY, U2Sep 85). .ccseeeecccecccccnece

Emigration to UK, New Zealand, Australia Rises

(Winnie Graham; BUSINESS DAY, 16 Sep 85) ..sssesccccescvcee

Urbanization Strategy Report Seen as Sensible
(SOWETAN, 13 Sep 85)..

Government's Reform Not Seen as Granting Full Rights
(Sam Mape; SOWETAN, 13 Sep 85)........eeeceeee

Problem of Projecting Nation's Image Abroad Causing Concern
(Hannes De Wet; THE STAR, 9 Sep 85)....cceccvsccecvscccces

Tactics of Foreign Newsmen Come Under Scrutiny

(David Braun; THE STAR, 10 Sep 85....esceccsececcecceceee

Economic Position Found Basically Sound

(Lelsey Lambert; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Sep 85).....seseeceeeees

Death Toll During Past Year Reviewed

(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 9 Sep 85).....ceeceeceecucees

Solidarity Speaks Out Against Crackdown on UDF, NIC Leaders
(POST NATAL, 4-7 Sep 85)....ccccececcccevcccceveceescscees

Right-Wing Clergymen To Form Inter-Church Group

(THE STAR, 11 Sep 85)....eceecececcecscccceececeecesaeence

More People Live in Squatter Camps Than in Townships
(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 11 Sep 85).........00-

-d-

64

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68

71

73

75

76

77

79

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85

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JPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MILTON FRIEDMAN'S STATEMENT ON RSARECALLED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 85 p 6
(Letter to the Editor]

[Text]

Dear Sir, : .
AS I SIT in my office in the Business Econo-
mics Department at Wits, wondering — along
with numerous others in academia, in business
and commerce, and in homes and streets
through the nation (and, indeed, in other na-
tions) — what will happen to the rand, what
announcements, either economic or political,
or other.will be forthcoming, and, despite (or
because of) years of training in economics,
having no better “guess,” ly, than they,
have found it instructive to re-read the words
of my fellow economist, and fellow American,
the Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman.
Friedman, during his 1976 visit to this fair
land, said — in an interview with Stephen
Mulholland, then Editor of Business Times —
the following, which I quote in its entirety (as
Tints dena
rica,” pages e mi
be of service to your readers:

“South Africa is threatened from abroad,

and you may say: you should have exchange
control to prevent people from taking capital
out. There are two answers to that. The first is
that it won’t work. People will find ways
around it. The second and more important
answer is that it is not sensible to make it
work.
“When you talk about people taking capital
out of South Africa, what you mean is that
somebody in South Africa sells his ‘property to
somebody else in South Africa, induces some-
body else to buy the South African rands for
dollars or pounds, and then takes dollars or
pounds out. -
“Now, let’s see who is on each side of that
transaction. The man who sells his property in
South Africa is somebody who does not have
freat confidence in the future of South Africa.
leis a weak man from your t of view. .
“Man who buys the Property, in South Africa
is somebody who has confidence in South
Africa. Moreover, the man who sells will have
to sell on terms that are unfavourable to him.

cso: 3400/1218

67

The man who buys will buy on favourable
terms. Thus the net ‘result of an attempt to
move capital out of South Africa is:

“(a) To transfer capital from weak hands to
strong hands; :

“oro require those le who get their
capital out to pay a price, both in the form of a
lower selling price for their property and a
lower price in foreign currency for their rand.

“If you are successful in maintaining ex-
change control, the effect is simply to improve
the conditions of those le who succeed in

ing their capital out of South Africa. That

equivalent, ion want, to a subsidy to the

ex, of capital because, if they succeed in

iting permission, they get their capital out

at a favourable rate. It has always passed my

understanding why any government should re-
gard that as a sensible policy to follow.

“On currency, the wise policy for a country
like South Africa is to allow a free float, allow
it to vary from day-to-day or month-to-month
as the market demands. In that way you avoid
‘having a period of apparent calm and then
having a major disturbance, such as occurs
when you have a large devaluation.

“The problem with a pegged rate is that it is
subject change from time-to-time. In every
case in which it has ever been adopted, it has
led to trouble. Under such a system, small
disturbances, small disequilibria, are it-
ted to accumulate into large ones. And then the
government or the authorities are always very
Feluctant to make chan es ‘hen nee ost

“They are always hoping ey post-
pone them long enough the need will go away.

us, they allow the discrepancies and the
disequilibria to accumulate until a major
change becomes net , Which causes a
substantial difficulty.”

I trust that your readers might find the
above instructive, especially if those readers
include men in authority.

S HUGH HIGH

University of the Witwatersrand


JPRS#SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

SURVEY INDICATES BUMPER HARVEST EXPECTED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Aliyu Biu]

[Text]

FOOD production
this season is ex-
pected to triple
those of the previous
three years, a New
Nigerian survey in
Kano, Bauchi,
Sokoto, Niger,
Gongola, Kaduna and
Borno has indicated.

Factors responsible for
the expected bumper
harvest are the deter-
mination of people to
feed themselves, larger
tracts of land under
cultivation and good
rainfall.

The survey showed that
while most farmers have
been expanding their
farms, a large number of
civil servants, retrenched
workers and unemployed
Ngerians have taken to
farming. a”

Niger State Commissioner
for Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Alhaji Nuhu
Bawa, told the New Nigerian
that 402,873 hectares of land
was cultivated last season,
but this year, the number

has increased to 1,153,299
hectares.

22

Alhaji Nuhu said that the
Ministry of Agriculture had
cleared 100 hectares of Jand
in each of the nine local

jovernment areas which

ve been cultivated by
mostly civil servants.

Gidan-Madi, Kware, Sitti,
Achida, Isa, Illela,
Tangaza and Jibia in Sokoto
State where farm crops have
not been doing weil in the

st three years, were doin,

ine now use of gi
rainfall in the area.

The New Nigerian gathered
that based on previous ex-
perience, farmers cultivated
drought tolerant millet, guinea
corn and beans. It was
discovered that most of them
preferred to use organic fer.
tilizer, to save the crop from
epurning” in case of erratic rain-

A farmer in Achida village,
Alhaji Altine Zinari said in the
past three years, there had been
crop failure because of erratic
rainfall. But this year, he said,
the rainfall has been “‘regular."*

Another farmer in Sitti village,
near Sokoto; Alhaji Muhammadu
Barau said that even if the rain-
fall stops mid-August, ‘‘we shall
record good harvests."

In Kaura Namoda, almost
every piece of land has been
cultivated with millet. maize,
groundnut and guinea corn.
Already, farmers have harvested

and started selling new_ground-
nuts in theopen market.



to talk to recongised leaders as the
reason.
Added Gilson: “It is a problem try-

-ed community leader Gugele

ing to talk to people who are in deten- +

tion or who fear being detained.”
There is also the spectre of security
force involvement. Vale said they
were not equipped to deal with the
problem and tended to “clutter-up”

Nkwinti, However businessmen inter-
vened and Nkwinti was released.
Gilson agreed that security action
alone would not end the boycotts but
addeds that the boycotts should not be
seen in isolation. “To find a lastin,
solution we have to get to the root o!

: the problem, and that can only be

negotiations between boycott leaders,
ant

businessmen.
Possibly the most successful exam-
pe of negotiation politics at work —
ort Alfred — was nearly ruined, he
said, when the security police arrest-

done by talking to le.”

Vale sees the offical nse to
black demands in the months ahead
as crucial, and said that this response
would set the pattern for further ne-
gotiation. ,

Eastern: Cape Pointing Out the Path

IF IT is true to say the Eastern Cape
has led the way as far as unrest is
concerned, then it is also true that
towns in the area are leading the wa’
in negotiating with recognised bla
leaders.

According to the mayor of Ad-
elaide, Pieter Rademeyer, there has
been no unrest for many months and
consumer boycotts have been sus-

pended.

Rademeyer attributed this to the
negotiations he initiated with black
leaders earlier this year, and said
that relations between’ black and
white have never been better.

After the initial meetings Rade-
meyer and his town council took a list
of grievances to the Hast Cape
Administration Board. “And we put
our case in no uncertain, terms,” he

said.

The list included a lack of grazing
land for blacks, the lack of water
points and a request for electricity.

cso: 3400/1218

@ Adelaide

Grahamstown
°

Port Alfred

There were also requests for the
township to be upgraded — with more
housing and better sports facilities.
‘The Board had been asked to speed
work on the new township to

y e])
altievate the chronic housing short. .

age. 7
e The town council, together with the
Development Board, had applied for

65

R27000 from government for an
emergency job relief programme.
The council and the black community
have also applied for Rim to upgrade
facilities in the township.

They have also taken up with the
Department of Education and Train-
ing the matter of  prassing the school
sports fields, and will ask the SA

ugby Board for help in grassing
community sports fields.

Rademeyer said they are now
awaiting a response from the Board
on their quotes to perform certain
functions for the township.

Once this came, Rademeyer said he
would call a meeting with black
leaders to work out details. But he
stressed the meetings were called for
people to negotiate, not to be told
what to do.

He said his council was right be-
hind him, and ‘that his only problem
was the lack of elected leaders.



JPRS“SSA+85+096
8-October 1985

ZIMBABWE

LABOR MINISTER SAYS MANAGERIAL SKILLS STILL IN SHORT SUPPLY

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Sep 85 p 3

[Text]
ZIMBABWE is ‘2 long way from Management Training Bureau in
ASB.’
attaining self-sufficiency in well Hig ministry was concerned that
trained personnel to manage the- some professional bodes conducted
* elr own courses an wed certifi-
productive sectors of the economy, ‘ cates and diplomas, in competition |
the Minister of Labour, Manpower with national courses, fink attic ie :
g0-calle onal standards whtcl
‘Plonning end Social Welfare, Dr are, in fact, national standards in thelr '
Frederick Shava, said yesterday. countries of origin’ these instltutl
‘Opening a two-week seminar at the ave 88 ese tutions
University” of Zimbabwe ‘on. profes: should train local people to the estab-
sional management action, he said Ushea Zimbabwean standards and not
that he welcomed and encouraged pri- continue to use the foreign standards. —
vate bodies lke the Zimbabwe Inati- The Government would not hesitate
tute of Management which offered to correct racial imbalances where they
short courses on new management existed, He deplored window-dressing
techniques, Thig would benefit aspiring by some companies and said it only
managers facing new challenges arising resulted in the poor use of human re-
from new methods of production. sources, Although .this practice kept
“We should double our efforts to- the Government off the companies’
wards training new recruits to man- backs, it wag not effective in terms
agerial positions and update those al- of good management,
ready experienced,’ but seeking new The seminar will be attended by 58
challenges,” the minister gald. practising managers of various orga- |
“There should be a close co-operat- isations, including participants from Bo.
ive sislogue, between, the training of- tewane, ‘Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda an
ered Dy Private institutions aud that ‘The course will cover production
by public ones such as the National. management, management Eeenaiques
* financial and personnel management.
cso: 3400/1146

141



JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

ARMY DIVISIONAL COMMANDERS NAMED--Divisional commanders of the army have been
named. They are also members of the Armed Forces Ruling Council. The new
General Officer Commanding the 1 Mechanised Division is Brigadier Peter
Adomokhai, who took over from Brigadier Ola Oni, who is now a member of the
Armed Forces Ruling Council. Brigadier Yohanna Kure, who has been commanding
the 82 Division, Enugu now takes over from Major-General Sani Abacha, at the 2
Mechanised Divison, Ibadan. Governor of Ogun State Brigadier D. 0. Diya has
been given the command of the 82 Division, Enugu. Brigadier Joshua Dogonyaro,
who announced the take-over, has been made, General Officer Commanding 3
Armoured Division. He takes over from Brigadier Salihu Ibrahim. Brigadier A.
B. Mamman is named Commandant of the Nigerian army corps of artillery.

[Text ][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 30 Aug 85 p 11]

300 MILITARY PERSONNEL PROMOTED-~Seven military personnel in the 19 Mechanised
Battalion, Akure, are among the 300 soldiers recently promoted. The officers
were given their new pips by the Commanding Officer of the Battalion, Lt. Col.
Mark Itonyo at a brief ceremony at the army barrack yesterday. Speaking at
the ceremony Lt. Col. Itonyo said the promotion in the army is always based on
hardwork, devotion to duty and responsiveness. Lt. Col. Itonyo advised all
the promoted officers to continue in the spirit that earned them their
promotions and that sky was the limit in the army. Five out of the seven
officers who were promoted were from the rank of Lt. to Captain are U.A.M.
Balami, Kole Akinwami, Joe Ajuba, A.M. Ajene and A.B.0. Olawoyin. The two
second lieutenants, S.Y. Alhassan and E.A. Enudi were promoted to Lieutenant.
[Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 9 Sep 85 p 13]

RELIGIOUS SECT CELEBRATES FESTIVAL—-The yearly Taborah Festival of the Church
of Yahweh has begun in llorin, capital of Kwara State. The 13-day festival
which is supposed to serve as victory over "sin, self, satan and the world”
for believers began on August 19 and will end on the 3lst. Believers are
expected to use the yearly festival to observe the “white-fasting” where they
will only drink water and eat vegetables. Participants at the festival too
are expected to stay for the 13 days in the church were they will participate
in Bible studies, prayers and revival services. The Evangelical Church of
Yahweh itself was founded by Apostle T. 0. Olabayo in February 1983 with the
intentions of spreading “spirtual revelations and spirtual curatives” It
presently has its national headquarters on Mubo Street, Amilegbe, llorin,
Kwara State. [Text] [Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 25 Aug 85 p 20]

58


BABANGIDA STRESSES FAMILY PLANNING IMPORTANCE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

{Article by Aliyu Modibbo]

[Text ]

FAMILY planning is an
important contributory fac-
tor to a healthy environ-
ment, Chief of Army Staff,
Major-General Ibrahim B.
Bahangida has said.

He said at the opening of
the Nigerian Army Medical
Cot Training’ Week, in
Kaduna yesterday, that
commanders of military for-
mations should educate their
men on the need to concen-
trate on personal hygiene
and planned parenthood.

He expressed delight over
the active involvement of the
army medical corps in fami-
ly planning programmes in
all the medical centres and
said they had heeded the
Head of State, Major-
General Muhammadu
Buhari’s call on the issue.

General Babangida said
the army owed it a duty to
the nation to be ready for du-
ty at all times and said this
could only be done when
soldiers were physically fit
and disciplined.

He said it was in realisation of
this need, that the theme “jogg-.
ing for life” was adopted for this
year’s Army Day.celebrations.

He reiterated his earlier warn-
ing to all ranks in the army to
take physical exercise more
seriously.

The Chief of Army Staff im-
plored the participants at the
training week to examine
strategies that could be adopted
fo enhance the environmental

sanitation of army barracks.

The Director of Army Medical
Corps, Major-General Amadi
Rimi said health education was
an essential component of any
programme to improve the

ealth of a community and the
Nigerian Army.

He said despite the potential
benefits of health education, ex-
isting policy and schemes are in-
adequate and could be more ef-

fective.

He added that decisions on the
basis for any health planning are
decisions over what the desired
change should be, where the

45

JPRS#SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA



KWARA STATE SCRAPS COMPENSATION FOR ACQUIRED LAND

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

{Article by Lekan Odunjo]

[Text]

THE Kwara State Govern-
ment has scrapped the pay-
ment of compensation to
land owners whose land
were acquired for projects.

The abolition of compensa-
tion payment was announced
at a press briefing in Torin
on Wednesday by the state
Governor, Group Captain
Adebola Latinwo. .

Group Captain Latinwo
said that the execution of
some government projects
had been delayed due to per-
sistent demand by some!
communities for compensa-
tion on crops that had to be
destroyed for such projects.

He said the most disturb-
ing example was the Bi-

. Water “Rural Water Supply

Scheme where progress had
been slowed considerably
because communities kept
asking for compensation for

"crops that had to give way

CSO: 3400/1190

for access roads to project-

32

sites of the location of dams
for the water project.

He said that it was regret-
table that those concerned
failed to appreciate the ef-
fort of the present ad-
ministration in improving
their lots despite the meagre
resources available.

Group Captain Latinwo pointed
out that the least the government.
expected from the people
especially direct beneficiaries of
this project was total support.

He said all communities must
be prepared to provide land-free
of compensation for Projects
desi to benefit them.

“Since government has not
been able to provide all com-
munities with amenities, those
that are unwilling to provide land
for government projects meant
for them will lose suc! projects to
other communities that are will-

ing and ready to make land.

available without asking for com--
pensation”, Group Captain Latin-
wo warned.

NIGERIA


The Third World is now heavily aver-borrowed, at over
$600 billion, that Western banks and credit organisations are
having sleepless nights over the spectre of loan repudiation.
Unlike in the 1970’s, when the problem was how to recycle
the massive petrodollar surpluses of the OPEC countries, and
the answer was to dump them on the newly-industrialising
countries of Latin America and South-east Asia, today,
Third World countries are regarded as veritable credit risks.
And it is in this regard that the IMF linkage has come to
assume enhanced saliency. :

Thus, in June 1984, while the OECD Summit in London
passed a resolution to aid debt-ridden LDCs, this was made
conditional upon their first coming to terms with the IMF.
This means that a debtor nation which has the courage to
rebuff the IMF is likely to suffer an international trade cre-
dits embargo, and also a total freeze of all terms of external
financing. This is the predicament of Nigeria. The loan ne-
gotiations between Nigeria and the IMF has now reached a
plateau where Nigeria’s taking of the loan is supposed to
signify, in clear political terms, that the country is prepared
to accommodate what the Western creditor countries believe
should be the appropriate line of economic recovery.

Apart from the requirement of tescheduling its loans,
Nigeria is also in dire need of more loans to underwrite the
structural readjustment of the economy. In the first place,
the nation is confronted with a serious cash-flow crisis, in
an era of dwindling oil revenues and uncertainty in the inter-
national market. From a high of $22 billion in 1980, the
nation’s foreign exchange earnings has plummeted to barely
$8 billion in 1984 and 1985. This means that there is insuffi-
cient domestic capital to continue with the nation’s ambi
tious capital projects on which the future must surely de-
pend. In effect, the IMF loan is required not only on its own
merits, but also as a trigger for other loans, for, the simple
reason that the availability of credit from commercial banks
is also contingent upon Nigeria reaching an agreement with
the IMF.

The full international implication of the IMF loan for
Nigeria is, therefore, that the country will be able to obtain
some $2 billion in the organisation’s extended fund facility;
it will secure a $400 World Bank structural adjustment loan
which is directly linked to the IMF Package; it will be able
to refinance its trade arrears with Western export credit
agencies; it will be able to reschedule its medium to long-
term debt; it will be able to bolster the nation’s credit-rating
in the international capital markets; and it will be able to
raise new money to underwrite the nation’s economic reco
very.

52


JPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

PAPER LAMBASTS EXPORT OF IRANIAN REVOLUTION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Aug 85 p 3

[Editorial] JN April when the Chief of Staff! Su-
preme Headquarters, Major-General
Tunde Idiagbon, drew the nation’s
attention to the subversive role of
some Iranian and Lebanese evangel-
ists in the country, we thought that
adequate steps would be taken to

contain their activities.
Our conviction was based on the recog-

nition by the chief of staff that the
Iranian mullahs “have tried to intro-
duce fundamentalist and revolution-
ary doctrines to corrupt Nigerian Isla-
mic culture and ways of worship.” He
said government was concerned
about the effect of such evangelical
activities because our youths may

. embrace such revolutionary ideas
blindly. General Idiagbon, therefore,
warned foreigners-to desist forthwith
from illegal involvement in religious

ivities in the country.

But to our surprise, there has been re-
Ported intensification of illegal relh
gious activities by tran. Iranian

- Ambassador to Nigeria, Mohammad
Menhaj lias admitted responsibility
for the mass circulation in Lagos of
fundamentalist Islamic literature and
bills signed by his country’s leader,
Ayatollah Khomeini.

Already, many of the leaflets which are
printed both in English and Arabic are
seen in shops, homes and taxi cabs.
On the surface, their messages look’
innocuous. But we must certainly
recognise what Is happening as a
crafty device to feel the pulse of the

. People and government of Nigeria in

18


JPRS*SSA=85+096
8 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH CONDEMNS MWENEZI KILLINGS, URGES TALKS

MB041144 (Clandestine) Radio Truth to Zimbabwe in English 0430 GMT
4 Sep 85

[Text] We condemn in the strongest and most vehement.terms the reported
outrage in Mwenezi area. Eighteen innocent people have been slaughtered
and a number of others injured in a senseless and horrifying display of
violence in its most barbaric form. Nothing can justify such
bestiality, no cuase, no grievance can excuse the wanton and cold-
blooded destruction of human life here in Zimbabwe or anywhere else

in the world.

We are reminded, however, that ZANLA forces employed the same sort of
brutal tactics during the liberation war. This very area of Mwenezi
was the scene of a number of hideous crimes perpetrated. against. the
local people and against innocent tourists. We hope that the killers,
wherever they may be, and to whatever faction they belong, are tracked
down and brought to justice. They must answer for their crime and
pay the supreme penalty.

Mr Ian Smith's ranch manager was fortunate to escape with his life,
when he ran foul of the same gang of bandits. It was experience he
is unlikely to forget in a hurry.

There is an added dimension of tragedy to. this shocking event. It
took place at the very moment when the government and the leadership
of ZAPU were said to be engaged in secret contacts to try and bring
the internal strife in Zimbabwe to an end. Discussions of this nature
have been recommended by Radio Truth over a long time. It is the
wise and sane course of action to follow. We can only pray that the
negotiators are not deterred from their chosen path by the Mwenezi
massacre.

According to Enos Nkala, some form of package deal is being worked out
between ZANU-PF and ZAPU, which may include the release of prominent
ZAPU detainees, such as Dumisco Dabengwa and Lookout Masuku. A.move of
this nature would certainly help to defuse the situation and pave the
way for more constructive developments.

139



DEATH TOLL DURING PAST YEAR REVIEWED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Sep 85 p 11

(Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

At least 656 people, including a substantial num-
ber of children and teenagers, died during the
Political violence which moved across the face
of South Africa during the 12 months from last
September. ,

In the first seven months of this year at least
499 people have died during township turmoil,
according to an analysis of Press clippings. This
figure exceeds the number of Swapo fighters
which Namibian security forces killed this year.
According to the Officer Commanding the South.
West Africa Territory Force, Major-General
“George Meiring, 494 Swapo men were “taken
out” during this period.

The death toll in the townships refers mainly,
but not exclusively, to fatalities among anti-
apartheid forces and residents caught in the
crossfire. It also includes a number of policemen
and prominent participants in apartheid struc-
tures — notably urban councillors.

The total calculated by The Star is reckoned
to be conservative as it relies purely on pre-
viously reported cases. In the early. months of
turmoil, coverage of events was far from com-

prehensive and even now few papers have first- _
hand accounts of what is happening in remote

townships. No official breakdown of the year’s
fatalities has been released. .

Press clippings reveal that deaths are really
only a crude measure of the intensity of town-
ship conflict and give little idea of its extent.
There have been running battles between resi-
dents and police in rany townships, resulting in
injuries, arrests and damage to property, but
with a misleading lack of or low incidence of
fatalities. An example of this is Kimberley.

There have also been widespread arson at-
tacks, clearly by both pro- and anti-apartheid
forces — attacks which the list of fatalities fails
to reflect.

What the deaths do reveal is that the intensity
of conflict has fluctuated dramatically over the
year and that the focus has constantly shifted —

so that in August, after the declaration of the .

state of emergency, more people died than in

cso: 3400/1173

85

JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

any other month. The figure for August was 163
— significantly higher than the closest monthly
total of 95 and accounted for by the shift of ac-
tion to Durban, Cape Town and East London.

The Transvaal experienced the greatest loss,
286 lives in a year. The highest monthly toll here
(94) was in September — the period of the Vaal
uprising. After relative quiet in November there
was an upswing coinciding with the two-day
stayaway observed in the PWV and beyond.

For five months, from December to April, vio-
lence in the Transvaal subsided to a low level
before an upsurge in May, when 42 died, mostly
on the East Rand where there were unresolved
education and housing grievances,

In July, East Rand conflict reached its highest
pitch, with 57 deaths on record. In an absolute
cycle of death, starting with the burials of eight
youths blown apart by grenades and a limpet
mine in June, every funeral delivered fresh vic-
tims from among the mourners.

In the Cape at least 271 people died in political
violence, with the first heavy losses occurring in
Crossroads in February, when anger flared over
the threat of removals.

Fatalities in the Eastern Cape climbed gradu-
ally during the early months of '85, showing a
drastic increase in March, the month of the
Langa shootings, when 65 died in the province.
Eastern Cape fatalities remained high through
April (40) and about 20 died in each of the three
subsequent months.

In August the Cape experienced its greatest
losses of the year — 75 dead. The detention of Dr
Allan Boesak and other leading United Demo-
cratic Front figures and the breaking up of the
Mandela March to Pollsmoor appear to have
been the spark for the Western Cape to flare
after weeks of tension. Clashes between police
and residents in-Duncan Village near East Lon-
don claimed at least 23 lives before month end.

In Natal 72 of the 77 known. deaths occurred
within a single week in August. The Free State
accounted for at least 16 deaths, occurring spo-
radically in small towns throughout 1985.



TIN, COLUMBITE RESERVES TO LAST ONLY 15 YEARS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 25 Aug 85 p 12

[Article by Nuhu I. Sani]

[Text}

cso:

JPRS*SSA#85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

THE country’s tin and columbite deposits will be completely exhausted In

145 years’ time. This means that exploitation and exploration of these minerals

will come to a halt and the huge revenue which the country derives from the
two minerals will be lost.

In an interview with Sunday Triumph, the General Manager and Chief Executive

of the newly:

incorporated company, Nigerian Tin Mining Company Limited, Alhaji

M.A. Ibrahim, said that Nigeria has almost mined out all its tin on “rich and shallow
grounds”, adding that all that remains now are the ‘‘aluvial and sub-basalt” reserves
which exist in depths of between 50 and 100 féet of hard consolidated basalt rock.

3400/1189

Although these reserves
are in a Jarge deposit, he
said that the country may
not afford to mine the,
mineral bacause of the high
cost of production. He, ex-
plained that right now the

«mining industry is facing a

severe scarcity and high cost
of equipment and labour.
According to him it was for
the above reason that the
government was forced to
merge the five mining com-
panies into one.

Alhaji Ibrahim’ stated
that the former five com-
panies, Amalgamated Tin
Mining Company Nigeria
Limited (ATMN), Ex-lands
Nigeria Limited,- (Ex-l)
Bisichi Gantar Nigeria Li-
mited, Gold and Base Metal
Mines of Nigeria Limited
and Kaduna Prospectors
Nigeria Limited which in-
curred huge debts were
operating at a loss _be-
cause of the high production

39

costs. :

He said that ony within a
few months of its existence,
the Nigerian Tin Mining
Company Limited has paid
a substantial amount out of
the 83 million bank debt:
incurred by the. defunct
companies and 1.3 million
Federal Government royal-
ties.

He assured that with
granting of import license
for equipment and more
funds, his company would
generate more funds and
thereby improve the coun-
try’s poor economy in our
foreign reserves.

The Nigerian Tin Mining
Company which came into
being on the January 1985,
is controlled by the Nigerian
Mining Corporation
(NMC) with 54 per cent
equity shares. The firve for-
mer expatriate companies
own 40 percent shares while
employees of the company
have six per cent.


cso:

3400/1177

on a South African pass-

port, reside perma-
nently in South Africa,

travel freely within: -

South Africa and I have
the right to own prop-

erty and to vote,” Prof

Dugard said.

“I am not optimistic
that those rights are in-
herent in the new deal
proposed by the Gov-
ernment. If blacks were
to be given even the
promise of full cit-
izenship tights, this

would in effect mean the
Government had de- -
cided to share power!

with blacks.

“And at this stage of
our political devel-
opment one cannot ex-
pect the Government to

« be so generous, not until +

one has seen the type of
legislation that will be

passed relating to this is- *
sue,” said Prof Dugard. +

There are many
pieces of legislation
whose removal from the
stattite books could sig-

,nal_a_serious_ intention.

‘on the part of the Gov-
ernment to introduce
meaningful change.

The amount of dam-
age caused to blacks by
the apartheid system
and the growing urgency
for change demands
much more than a du-

-bious offer of cit-

izenship.

In the same way as the
repeal of the Mixed
Marriages Act made no
sense when it was not
accompanied by the re-
peal of the Group Areas

80

Act, granting South Af-
, Fican citizenship to
; blacks while the Popula-
| tion Registration Act re-
i mains in the statue
i books will not have any
significant implications.
' The continued catego-
Lrisation of people
according to their race
groups points away from
blacks enjoying the
same citizenship rights
* as whites. om

Anger

. By creating expecta-

tions he might not be
able to live up to, Mr
Botha could cause more
anger among blacks.

The whole question of
black citizenship will
now be brought under

, the microscope and
scrutinised more than it
was before this week.
Organisations like
Azapo, tired of the
meaningless piecemeal
reform that the Govern-
ment has been dishing
out, said it would accept
_ hothing short of a com-

plete handover of South
“Africa to its rightful
+ owners.

The Azapo statement
said blacks were de-
prived of their rightful
citizenship — a non-
hegotiable right.

Blacks have never
exercised this right un-

* der white rule, so it is
* not too unreasonable of
_ them to feel that what
. South Africa needs now
“is to go to the polls un-
1 der a one-man-one-vote
* system.


cso:

3100/1135

be better able to embark upon the business of restructuring
the economy and diversifying our sources of foreign ex-
change with the assistance of foreign capital and investment,
we will be reprieved from the strangulation of our debt-
servicing requirments, and we will be able to keep more
factories open and more workers in productive employment.

Most of the hardship attendant upon IMF conditionalities
have already been sustained by the Nigerian economy. What
remains on the political plain is adroit public relations on the
part of the government to overcome the nation’s psychologi-
cal indisposition to submit to the diktat of a foreign organ.
That is a challenge to the statesmanship of the present mili-
tary leadership.

57


JPRS*SSA#85=096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROBLEM OF PROJECTING NATION'S IMAGE ABROAD CAUSING CONCERN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Sep 85 p u

{Article by Hannes De Wet]

[Text]

If you don’t feed the wolves
they are going to feed on
‘ou.

This single sentence sums up
the story of South Africa’s in-
formation failure, says a Wash-
ington lawyer and- former
member of the Reagan Admin-
istration, Mr Don de Kieffer.

The wolves he is talking ‘

about are the roughly 400 for-
eign correspondents presently
in South Africa:

“Just imagine,” he explains,
“what the result would be if the
South African Government
would organise the following
public relations exercise:

REFUGEES

“Arrange a bus to take for- :

eign correspondents and TV
crews to the refugee camps on
the border between Mozambi-
que and South Africa. On their
arrival they find the State

President, Mr P W Botha, visit- |

ing the refugees.

“Without a jacket and with,
out a tie he is walking among
the refugees, voicing encour-

agement and concern for their ;

plight.

“The same evening millions '

of overseas TV viewers witness
the demonstration of compas-
sion in their living rooms.

“If a white South African

leader who is normally pre-

sented as a brutal oppressor
shows that kind of concern for.
black refugees, it is‘a genuine,

cso: 3400/1173

bona fide news story.

“Can you imagine what that
would do for the State Presi-
dent’s image abroad and for
the country?”

But South Africa is doing
nothing of the sort. As a result
the wolves are feeding on the
Government.

“You should keep in mind
that those correspondents are
under pressure to file stories
virtually every day. And the
competition among them is

tough.

“South Africa is extremely
newsworthy at the moment.
You have golden opportunities.
Genuine news stories which
would give the country favour-
able exposure are legion.

“And then I’m not talking
about something as flat as P W
Botha visiting homeland lead-
ers. I'm thinking of stories
which would grab the imagina:
tion.” ‘

Mr de Kieffer says he is not
pleading for a cynical manipu-

jation of the media.

“But South African politi-
cians are not media-conscious.”

For a start, says Mr de
Kieffer, the State President
should get a media consultant.

“Such an expert would have
been of tremendous value in
Durban with Mr Botha’s speech
at the Natal Congress of the
National Party. .

“Mr Botha had international
attention but he lost points

81

even before opening his mouth.

“He should have been alone
on stage. But this was spoiled
by the fact that there were
other people sitting on the
stage.

“Mr Botha was also wearing
the wrong colour of shirt for
television and his spectacles
was constantly reflecting the
TV lights.”

These are little things but
they can be extremely impor-
tant, says Mr de Kieffer.

According to him South Afri-
ca undoubtedly needs some
kind of information service.

High level attention should
be paid to the question of how
South Africa is presenting its
case abroad.

STRATEGY

In the light of these remarks
it is significant that an inter-
disciplinary working group at
RAU is taking a look at a possi-
ble national communication
strategy for South Africa.

Professor Carl Noffke, direc
tor of the Institute for Ameri-
can Studies at RAU, said South
Africa lacked an effective com-
munication strategy. A striking
example was the controversy
which followed Mr P W Botha’s

_ Speech in Durban,

He said the RAU study
would be completed within
weeks and the recommenda-
tions brought to the attention
of the Government.



years of rapid growth we
seem to have paused or
run out of steam —
almost as if we have lost
our way.

@ The dominance of
gold is obviously due
largely to fluctuations in
the dollar price in inter-
national markets and, of |
late, to the very sharp |
decline in the value of
the rand. This latter |
trend boosts the domi- '
nance of gold even |
further. {

Concern is voiced in
the western world that,
given South Africa’s
dominant position (and
the even more serious
situation that in many
cases the Soviet Union is
the major alternative
supplier) the western
world is particularly

vulnerable to potential
disruptions of supply.
“In the case of South
Africa, concern is voiced
that:

@ From the perspec-
tive of the western world
an unstable political :
situation could result in j
the termination of sup-
plies. Even though we in |
South Africa may wish to
export we may be unable
to do so.

@ Recent reports in|
the United States have i
gone further and clai
South Africa has:
threatened to stop the !
sale of these critical |
materials to any country
imposing economic
sanctions on the Re-
public.

On the other hand, we
in South Africa have
been quick to point out .
the dominance of our
position- and even call
international attention
to the fact on an ongoing
basis. Unfortunately, |

cso: 3400/1167

our approach has been
extremely short-sighted »
and is tantamount to se-
vere abuse of our re-

, source position.

The effect of this pub-
lic debate in the western
world has heightened
awareness of South Afri-
ca’s position of domi-
nance and led to the’
aggressive promotion of
stockpiling and research °
and development prog-
rammes aimed at replac-
ing certain minerals or

i elements — for example,

chromium in critica’
materials, thus reducing~
the dependence of the
western world.

So far there have been ;
no dramatic break-'
throughs that are about
to change our position
radically, but the writing
is on the wall. Technolo-

“ gical advances have

been made and are in-

creasing in momentum.

Clearly, the passage of

technology does not °
allow us to be compla- |
cent. We must accept

that traditional markets -
for commodity mineral :
products have been and °
will continue to be

eroded.

Just how serious is the
so-called South African
threat to impose embar- :
goes of our mineral ex-
ports which was widely |
reported in the United »
States recently without
reference to source? ;
Almost ridiculous:
should be the response.

Firstly, embargoes of ,
this kind would be tri-
vially easy to. vreak. An
excellent example of’
this was the American
decision not to buy
chrome from Rhodesia,
during the 60's and 70's.~
It is well-known Rhode-
sian chrome ore con-

116

“develop an

tinued to be sold to the

United States via a num-"

ber of other countries,
including the Soviet Un-
ion. All that happened
was that it cost the USA
a little’ more.

This is really the key
—, the market place will
adjust to the problem.
Secondly, South Africa
has to continue selling
its minerals as they con-
stitute 67 per cent of ex-
port earnings. They are
the major wealth-
generators which pro-
vide the opportunity to

prosper.

Where to now South
Africa? .

The mineral life cycle’
lis an excellent way of

understanding the link-

ge between different
industrial sectors. Mate-
rials move round the life
cycle curve from the be-
ginning as minerals,
through to processed
minerals or raw. mate-
rials to basic materials
and, finally, engineering
materials which sur-
round us daily.

The one factor that
dominates the move-
ment of a specific mate-
rial through its life cycle

One crucially impor-
tant point to realise is
that materials and their
availability are control-
led by society’s needs
and experience. There is

. is technology. ’

. constant competition be-
‘tween the various mate-

rial types, eg. metals,
ceramics, plastics, com-
posites etc to fill a par-
ticular need. The com-
petition is fierce
and never ending.

Clearly, the bulk of our
industrial muscle. and

investment lies in the
mining and minerals
processing area. '

It is important to note’
South Africa has a posi-
tive trade balance for
only the more tradition-

; al metal-based mate-

rials. In the newer and

new generation mate-

rials such as ceramics,
lastics, synthetic rub-

{ber and certainly also

! for electronic materials
and components, the
situation is reversed.

Basic iron and steel
exports are under se-
vere pressure in view of
international oversupp-
ly. Therefore greater
emphasis will be needed
on the development of
high alloy steels, polym-
ers, new generation
ceramics etc, if a posi-
tive balance of trade is
to be maintained ‘in the
materials sector over the
longer term.

"The development of
specific materials to
meet spécific interna-
tional market demands
(a market niche strategy)
will be the key to sus-
tained and increasing
exports of materials pro-
duced locally.

What is required now
is a dedicated national
strategy to use our
strengths and exploit

; them in the internation-

al market place through
advanced/speciality
materials and associ-
ated final products. The

. challenges are enor-

mous, but the days of

, Playing the role of a con-
’ tented minerals’ sup-
' plier to the world are

over. This role needs to
be complemented by a
. vigorous export drive to
Promote a com-
| plementary materials in-
dustry.


cso:

3400/1167

shortage of low income housing, the !
problem of a marked absence of un- |
controlled urban settlement as com-
pared with other developing coun-
tries remains.

Unpublished estimates made by
the Department of Community De-
velopment for the number of houses
built in urban areas between 1975 and
1983 illustrates why the housing re-
quirement for blacks has increased
while that for other economic groups

+ decreased. Only 13% of houses bul

by the combined private and public
sectors was for blacks (Table 2).

‘There would be few in SA toda
who believe public sector expendi-
ture can be raised. The country faces
the problem of having to provide for
great increases in housing without

aving the resources to maintain ex-
isting standards of size and finish.

Arguing the case for allowing rapid
urbanisation by cutting service costs
— always the greater part of total
costs — Herbert Penny chief execu-
tive Peter Penny says the only way to
solve the problem is for minimum
standards to be brought well below
what they have been in the past.

Different grades of housing, he
says, should be permitted for people
of differing incomes without endan-
gering sanitary conditions or incur-
ring excessive future maintenance.

This would necessitate a broad
division between a level of services
which will allow for ultimate free-
hold ownership and a level of services
which will not.

Penny submits that, if a family is
allowed to erect a shanty sharing wa-
ter-borne sewerage with several oth-
er sites, the total cost will be less than
half of the cost of homes currently at
minimum standards.

And because of their shared facili-
ties, such plots would be unsuitable
for ultimate freehold ownership.

»- They will not, however, be temporary

in character because for a very long
time to come there will be a need for
such very low cost accommodation.

The next level of services should be
considerably higher because it would
envisage the possibility of ultimate
freehold ownership, he says. Provi-
sion would be made for both self-
erected and mass produced housing.

* The intention should be to create, by

all feasible means, unpretentious,

* pasic, healthy shelter. ©

119



DISCRIMINATION OF AFRICAN ALIENS DECRIED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Aug 85 p 5

{Article by Mansir Sani]

[Text]

IT is unfortunate to observe
that in spite of ECOWAS
Treaties, West African govern-
ments appear to be unduly in-
terested in subjecting other
ECOWAS citizens within their
countries to unnecessary harsh
treatment. At the least chance
Bovernments in West Africa expel
other West African citizens the
so-called illegal aliens without
much regard to their plight or
rights. And anytime harsh im-
migration and customs laws are
made in West African countries,
they appear to be directly or in-
directly aimed at other ECOWAS

gitizens.

It is probably only in West Africa
that citizens fron the sub-region
who stay and work in countries
other than their own are
prevented from going home with

their legitimately-acquired pro-_

perties.

Some of.my Ghanaian friends
who wanted to go home for good
last August and December, were
shocked to learn at the ports that
they were not to take along with
them durable items (like fridges
or tvs that were new or appear to
be new.

The rationale behind this law,
we have been made to unders-
tand, is that since the federal
government make it more dif-
ficult and more dangerous for in-
dividuals to take money out of the
country, these individuals have
resorted to converting the money.
into goods: so the federal govern-
ment wants to stop that by mak-
ing sure that all goods taken out
of the country are used ones. The
question is, if the directive comes

26

from the federal government,
why is it applied only to ECOWAS
citizens, specifically,
Ghanaians? I know so many
Asians and other expatriates
who, during the same period,
have been allowed to go home
with as many capital and durable
items as they could buy.

Moreover, whereas these ex-
patriates are allowed to
repatriate part of their earnings
home, or to any country of their.
choice. West African citizens in
Nigeria find it difficult to take ad-
vantage of this facility. The
banks, with the probable con-
nivance of the authorities, make
things so difficult for Ghanaians
and other ECOWAS in Nigeria
that they become frustrated and
simply give up.

On the other hand, if these
ECOWAS citizens use the money
to buy goods in the country and
attempt to take them home they
ivustrated in that effort
at the ports. So what should they
do witn their money”

Let me make a little calcula-
tion here to show the Nigerian
Authorities that the ECOWAS
citizen in Nigeria deserves a liti!e
more consideration than he is be-
ing given now. If a Ghanajan or
a Sierra Leonean buys a Tv set
for. 41,000 in Nigeria, he has lost
some money compared to his
Asia counterpart who has the
facilities to’ take this money
abroad. The: Indian or the
Phillipino will simply transfer
this 41,000 to, say, Britain, to give
him about 900 pounds. With this
900 pounds he can buy a leat two
of such Tv sets in Britain or
elsewhere on his way home.

JPRS*SSA4854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA


JPRS*SSA*854096
8 October 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

FUND FOR DETAINEES--The Ghana Bar Association has set up a Human Rights Fund
for the maintenance of the families and dependent of known Ghanaians detained
since the beginning of the 3lst December Revolution. A statement signed by
the Secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Human Righs Fund of the Bar
Association said the continued absence of the detained who are the
bread-winners of their families have broken up homes and thrown their children
out of school. “Others cannot enter secondary schools because they have no
financial support, added the statement. The statement appealed to the general
public to support the fund. Beneficiaries under the Human Rights Fund include
Kankam Da Costa, one time Central Regional Minister detained since January
1982, Obeng Manu, a Kumasi barrister, Sam Okudzeto, an Accra barrister and
Tommy Thompson, publisher of the FREE PRESS, all detained last month. Also on
the list of beneficiaries are 13 more people detained at various times since
January 1982. [Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in English 2 Sep 85 p 22]

NAMES OF DETAINEES--The Ghana Bar Association has released a list of the names
of Ghanaians who have been detained by the military government since its
inception on December 31, 1981. These are Kankam Da Costa, former Central
Regional Minister detained since January 1982, Dan Nii Oku, E.Y. Agyepong,
David Korley, Appiah Amankwah, Nai Abundau Quaye IV, Timoty Kwasi Asa, Alhaji
Abubakari Musa and A.K. Twumasi Afriyie since 1983. Others detained since
1984 are: Adimah Tetteh, Emmanuel Narh, Ahmed Malik and George Darko. The
rest are Sam Okudzeto, Obeng Manu, Tommy Thompson and Alhaji T.D. Damba.
[Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in English 2 Sep 85 p 22]

cso: 3400/1217


JPRS=SSA*854096
8 October 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

KAWAWA'S LIBYAN CONNECTION--Rashidi Kawawa, secretary-general of Tanzania's
ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party, signed a cooperation agreement with

Emile Mwroroha, who holds the same post in Burundi's equivalent, the Uprona,
during a five-day visit to Tanzania's western neighbour. He also met President
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, who the previous May played host to Muammar Kadhdhafi.

Mr Kawara can reasonably be thought to have taken advantage of his stay in
Bujumbura to find out more about the visit of the Libyan leader, who had shown
little interest in this area of Africa since the Ugandan dictator Idi Amin Dada,
whom he had supported, was overthrown with the aid of Tanzanian troops. [Text]
[Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 27 Jul 85 p 3]

PROBLEMS WITH POLICE--The Tanzanian police were given a rap over the knuckles
on 19 July by Prime Minister Salim Ahmed Salim. Too many of them, he said,
were taking bribes or were in league with bandits. The economic crisis affecting
Tanzania could not justify such behaviour, he added. Mr Salim acknowledged
that the task of the security forces was not an easy one, particularly in

Dar es Salaam, where 200,000 people are unemployed out of a total population
for the city of 1.3 million. The prime minister promised to provide the
police with additional transport which would make their job easier. In
parliament on the same day, Justice Minister Joseph Warioba informed MPs that
armed robbery, corruption and rustling had reached such alarming proportions
that national security would be threatened if the situation were not rapidly
brought under control. Speaking of the overcrowding in Tanzania's prisons, the
minister said the number of magistrates would be increased in order to speed up
judicial procedures. Mr Warioba said the number of judges had increased from
580 in 1975 to 980 today. [Text] [Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

27 Jul 85 p 4]

ROAD LINK WITH MOZAMBIQUE--The Southern Africa Development Coordination
Conference is seeking finance to build a bridge with access roads linking
Tanzania and Mozambique, the estimated cost of which is $51.5 million. After
independence Mozambique planned such a bridge over the Ruvuma River but the
project was cancelled for lack of funds. The scheme, now taken up by the SADCC
which has pledged to seek finance, will link the two countries between the towns
of Milawa in Tanzania and Mocimboa do Rovuma in Mozambique. [Text] [Paris
INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 27 Jul 85 p 6]

Cso: 3400/1061

134


JPRS“SSA=854096
8 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NEWS AGENCIES SIGN AGREEMENT--The Zimbabwe Inter-Africa News Agency,
ZIANA, and the Zambia National News Agency, ZANA, have signed an
agreement to strengthen cooperation in the dissemination and exchange
of information, The agreement was signed in Harare today by the
chairman of the ZIMBABWE MASS Media Trust, Dr (Debson Sadza) and the
ZANA editor-in-chief, Comrade (David Shweka). Both parties will hold
regular consultative meetings to review progress.made.in their
cooperation and to make any necessary adjustments. Dr (Sadza) said
the agreement signifies a step in the continuing struggle to decolonize
the media to end dependence on multinational news agencies for informa-
tion on Africa.. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT

3 Sep 85]

cso: 3400/1105 END

142


EDITOR DESCRIBES HIS TREATMENT BY NSO

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 7

{Text]

CSO:

THE Nigerian Security’
Organisation (NSO) as
operated by the ousted Buhari
regime had all the features of
atool for totalitarianism.

The Editor of the New

‘Nigerian, Malam Bukar Zar-

ma, said this while describing
his experiences to staff in
Lagos and Kaduna after 26
days in detention at the
organisation’s headquarters
in Lagos.
He said the NSO’s perfor-
mance during the period was'
“a blot on the image of this
country,”* adding that the
organisation had formed the
habit of arresting people and
locking them up without in-
vestigation.

“If you are arrested: by
NSO, none of them would in-

‘terrogate you to determine

3400/1194

what is the offence you have
committed. They merely lock.
up so-called suspects in over-
crowded rooms without
facilities or proper ventila-
tion,” the Editor said.

He said at times, suspects
were detained for weeks
without anybody telling them
what their offences were. ‘It is
later that somebody will
erierge from nowhere to say
who is so-and-so,” he added.

According to him, as a
result, many people were
“languishing in detention for’
more than seven months.””

On the Public Officers Pro-
tection Decree No.4, Malam
Bukar said it was unfortunate

41

that a group of people just
came into the scene in this
country and proceeded to con-
fiscate our civil liberties. “We
did not just get the freedom,
we fought very hard for what
they sought to deny us,” he
said.

He said the Buhari ad-
ministration had created
retrenchment, sky-rocketing
prices and caused bitterness
everywhere.

The Editor said one of the
popular measures which
endeared the new administra-
tion to the people was the im-
mediate abrogation of Decree
4.

“From the announcement of
the abrogation of the decree
and the release of people being
held under it, other people and
I being unjustly detained knew
we would be released,” he
said.

He said all Nigerians should
pray that ‘we never have the
misfortune of having leaders
who see enemies in eyery
Nigerian.”

He arrived at the Kaduna of-
fice yesterday morning and
was met by a jubilant crowd of
staff, including the acting
Company Secretary, Malam
Mohammed Aminu Yusuf,
and the Deputy Editor, Mr. In-
nocent Oparadike, who acted
for him.

He was conducted round
various departments of the
company to receive con-
gratulations from staff.

JPRS#SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA



IJPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

COMORO ISLANDS

BRIEFS

GUARD MEETING TRIAL--Thirty-four people accused of involvement in the mutiny
of the Comorian presidential guard last 8 March could go on trial on 25 July.
Another trial has already taken place in the archipelago, that of Sergeant
"Rambo" Anouar, a former member of the guard who had taken to the bush. He
appeared before a Moroni court with three of his alleged accomplices, including
the political secretary of the opposition Front Democratique, Moustaifa Said
Cheikh. The others were named as Said Mohamed Jafar, known as "Guedi," and one
Aissaf. "Rambo" was sentenced to 3 years in jail for absconding, and the other
three for one month, although all denied any part in the sergeant's flight.

All apart from "Rambo" are also due to stand trial for alleged involvement in
the mutiny, which they similarly deny. [Text] [Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER
in English 27 Jul 85 p 4]

cso: 3400/1061



OIL SPILLAGE REPORTED IN RIVERS STATE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 19 Aug 85 p 9

[Article by Sunday Uranta]

[Text]

cso:

AN oil spillage has occurred in
some parts of Ahoada Local
Government in Rivers State,
costing Shell Oil Company more
than 20,600 barrels of crude oil
and also polluted drinking water.

The spillage affected five
‘villages in the Ahoada Local
Government including Okoma I
and II, Oshiugboko, Ogbelle and
Otapha, desiructing farmlands
and streams.

The spillage was caused by a .

damaged oil Pipe, due to erro-
sion, in an oil field in Okoma I and
much quantity of the spilled
crude oil, entered the Sombreiro
River.

As a result of the spillage, peo-
ple in the area are riow being sup-

“pled with drinking water by Shell -
ling when their

Company,
creeks and ‘rivers would
cleared of crude oil.

A spokesman of the affected
communities, Mr. Jonah Em-
manuel has, however, said that
the spillage has caused his people
much untold hardship especially
as their main occupation was
fishing.

He said that many fishermen

3400/1187

35

had withdrawn their fish traps
and nets from water and have
been rendered jobless since the
spillage occurred.

When contacted the company’s
Public and Government Affairs
Officer. in Port Harcourt : Mr.
Sylvester Menegbo said that the
situation was being assessed to
ascertain the damage done.

Mr. Menegbo disclosed that all
stations pumping oil. into the
truck line leading to the oilfield
had been closed to make sure that
no oil come out of the leakage
again.

He said that environmental
contractors had been commis-
sioned to clear the areas in-
cluding the creeks and rivers of
crude oil, and that equitable com-

pensation would be paid where it:

damaged people's property.

Meanwhile, the ‘Environental
Control Officer of the state
Ministry of Health, Mr. D.A.
Gheresu has advised the affected
communities to be calm and that
the Nigerian National Petroleum
Company (NNPC) had been
notified.

JPRS“SSA=85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA


JPRS+SSA+854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

IMPLICATIONS OF GOLD'S DOMINANCE DISCUSSED
Durban DAILY DISPATCH in English 27 Aug 85 p 12

[Article by Brian Clark: "SA's Dilemma: Gold Is Only a Passing Phase"]

[Text]

Reports in the United States claim South Africa has threatened to stop the
sale of “‘critical materials”, including gold, to any country imposing economic
sanctions on the Republic.

Dr Brian Clark, chief director of the National Institute for Materials Research
at the CSIR, discussed the implications of the dominance of gold when he
delivered a paper at the University of the Witwatersrand. He believes South
Africa's days of playing the role of “a contented minerals supplier to the world”
are over. This role needs to be complemented by a vigorous export drive to
promote a complementary materials industry.

These are excerpts from the lecture.

An analysis ‘of South!
Africa's minerals in-
dustry shows one pro-;
duct is dominant — gold. :
During 1984 gold export’
sales accounted for 72
per cent of all mineral
export sales. However,
herein lies one of South

round 2 020. Against this

trend of falling produc- .

tion volumes, the gold

share of South Africa’s ©

total export revenues
has increased. In 1950 it
was'less than 30 per cent
and in 1984 about 50 per
cent.

minerals industry has*
shown significant de-°
velopment. Over a
period of 100 years the

- industry has undergone

enormous changes. In-
itially there was a
maverick, entrepreneu-
rial situation dominated

ica’ r aoe by a number of small

Africa's ssreatest Thus, in spite of every. companies headed by

thing said and done in characters with enor-

The gold mining indus- the past and all the in- mous courage and drive.
try is known to be a pas- vestments made to eee

sing phase in South Afri- broaden the base of.our Ina recent publication

ca’s history. From the
time mining started in
the early 1870’s to the
end of 1984 some 39 544
tons of gold have been

economy, in 1985 we are
moré dependent, than
ever on one commodit;
— gold. .

On the surface, this

Mr Henry James, newly
elected president of the
SA Institute of Mining
and Metallurgy, reviews
the major projects and

Bygdsred im ere)“ ara paca gomy y MM get
peaked at 1000 tons and picture-and it is impor- ! from solely mining op-

the present production
is only two-thirds of that
volume,

Current predictions
are that the number of
producing mines will
steadily decline and ter-
minate somewhere

tant to ask the questions:

: Has the minerals indus-

try been stagnant and
why are we in this posi-

. tion? Closer examina-

tion shows the situation

is a complex one. Key

issues include:
@ The mining and

115

: erations to where we are

| today which includes

mineral beneficiation
industries.

The single most dis-
turbing factor shown in
this analysis is the lack
of majot new ventures
since 1980. After many



' based in Maputo province alone. The MWR spokesman put at 15,000 the
number of Zimbabwean soldiers actively supporting the Mozambican army
at the present time, of which 3,000 to 4,000 are based in Tete
province and 4,000 in Sofala. The remaining 7,000 to 8,000 were
mobilised spectally to fight in different parte of Mozambique as
required, he said. There are glso said to be between 7,000 and 8,000
Tanazanians, who are not combat troops but are based at Beira and
Maputo to help with supply.

The provision of MiG-218 by Ethiopia, if confirmed, would not be
surprising. Mozambican foreign minister Joaquin CHISSANO has visited
Addis Ababa several times recently, on each occasion having talks with
president MENGISTU Haile Mariam and the deputy defence mintster,
brigadier-general ABEBE Wolde-Marian. Ethiopia's leadere have always
expressed the view that Mozambique was forced to sign the Wkomati
accord with South Africa because it was not receiving enough military
and economic assiatance. Mr CHISSANO's recent visit to Egypt could
well have been to request military aid from Cairo too.

CSO: 3400/1146

14


cso:

3400/1214

even the opening up of Kenya Breweries’
new plant in Kisumu has not yet had
much impact on beer production in the
country.

Besides unfair competition with
illegally imported goods, imports ~ ‘of
certain raw materials havé been a major
constraint for some of the food processing
concerns in the country. This has been
especially so among manufacturers of
edible vegetable oils. East Africa
Industries Limited, the country's largest
producer of edible oils, for instance, spent
about shs.250 million te import 65,000
tonnes of oil in 1983 to make Kimbo,
Cowboy and Blue Bank margarine. In an
effort to solve the problem, EAI, in con-
junction with the Kenya Seed Company,
last year hegan a pilot project to promote
the production of rape seed in the country
as, an alternative source of oil. The
company spent about shé.20: million in
1984 on the project in’ 1984 and is teported
to be still looking into other alternative,
“sources of oil} includitig. groundnutg and*
coconut, Sources iri the industry say that‘
-if Kenya’s current requirements for edible;
oils were-locally produced it*would sa
the country up to whs.£00 millidn
foreign exchange annually. - *:": ll



Indian Businessmen Announce No Mass Exodus to Free State
(THE STAR, 12 Sep 85)..seceveeccecercrcenctscrsseseressers 89

Black Detainees Reportedly Treated More Brutally
(Clare Harper; CAPE TIMES, 2 Sep 85)..secescereeresseveees 90

Nation's Execution Rate Highest in Western World
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 11 Sep 85)..scescevescecceceecereesers 92

Islamic Council Supports PFP Call for National Convention
(POST NATAL, 4-7 Sep 85)sccccccccccccsccssecstecesereesees 94

Navy Chief Says Navy Must Cut Costs to Survive
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Sep 85)...eeeeeesceccccccccccrccesereescs 95

PFP Decision Rekindles Bitter Controversy
(Patrick Laurence, SOWETAN, 9 Sep 85)...ssceeeeecseececeees 96

Law Societies Concerned About Emergency Powers
(THE CETIZEN, 19 Sep 85)...scccecceecesececceecesscssees 98

HNP Members Urged To Give Up TV, Boost Party Funds
(THE ARGUS, 9 Sep 85).ccccescececcee seceececerreesncessecs 99

Inkatha Secretary-General on How Inkatha Sees Inanda Violence
(POST NATAL, 4-7 Sep 85).ccesccscceecceucceeceeceeesesscss 100

Factions Still Disagree, One Year After Tricameral Elections

(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 11-14 Sep 85)......- 103

Slabbert on Need for Indaba Alliance
(Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert; SUNDAY TIMES, 8 Sep 85)....... 105

Sasol Fuel Subsidy To Hold Price Urged
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Sep 85)....eseseceeeceeeees 107

Major Rationalisation of Industry Feared
(avid Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 16 Sep 85)..+-e+eeeeeeeeee 108

Impact of U.S. Computer Sanctions Examined
(Matthew White; BUSINESS DAY, 13 Sep 85)...+.+eeeeeseeeere 110

Mossel Bay Oil Exploitation Benefits Explored
(EVENING POST, 3 Sep 85)......-

wcccecececccccccseecee 112

New Rail Line Construction Planned
(Alison Goldberg; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Sep 85)..++++e+eeeeeee> 113

Implications of Gold's Dominance Discussed
(Brian Clark; DAILY DISPATCH, 27 Aug 85)..--+seeeeeeeeeees 115



FIVE OFFER TO HELP FORM INDEPENDENT SPORTING BODY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 85 p 8

[Text]

” siders that . .

FIVE leading figures
in South Africa’s sport-
ing community - have
offered to help launch
a sports body to rep-.
resent all sporting in-,
terests in the country,
the Minister of Nat-:
ional Education, Mr F'
W de Klerk, said yes-
terday. H
Addressing a national _
sport conference in Boks-

burg, Mr De Klerk elab-

orated on a policy state- |

mént released yesterday

in which the government "|

said it would continue to
recognise the autonomy
cof sport.

“This means that the
responsibility of creating
structures within which
sport and recreation can
function is left entirely to
sportsmen and sports
women and sporting and

+ recreational bodies.

“The government con-
. its role in
the provision of sport
should not be a promi-
nent one,” he said.

Rationalisation

Mr De Klerk said the
government had decided,
after considering a Hu-
man Sciences Research

Council report on macro- -
sport, there should be a °

rationalisation of sport in
South-Africa.
“It is for the different

_ private sports and recrea-

tion bodies or sub-sys-
tems to unite themselves

said. “It is their task to
serve the best interests of

sport and recreation by -

means of a self-structuted

and truly independent

body.”

Mr. De. Klerk said he .

had approached. “promi-
nent leaders” in, the
sports community to see if
they supported the idea.

"Ifthe sports community

wanted to launch a steer-
ing committee for the
body, five representatives
of the sporting commun-
ity had already offered
theit services, he said.

The minister said the
five were the SA Rugby
Board’s: Dr Danie Cra-
yen; Mr Hugo Olivier of
the SA Sport Federation;
Mr Duimpie Opperman
of the SA National Olym-
pic Committee; Mr Joe
Pamensky of the SA
Cricket Union; and Pro-
fessot Wynand Putter of
the SA Association “of
Sport Science, Physical
Education and Recrea-
tion.

“If the sport and rec-
reation community made
a further request to me, I
would be prepared to act
as the catalyst in obtai
ing the services of a highly
reputable person to be
chairman of such a steer-
ing community,” the Min-
ister said.

Mouthpiece

According to the Gov-
ernment statement, -the

127

JPRS*SSA#85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

new representative body
would be “the only
mouthpiece of the sports
and recreation commun-
ity in those matters that
the community entrusts to
the body.”

The functions of the
body would be, among
others, to’ mobilise fi-
nance for sport, form its ©
own administration, in-
troduce training program-
mes and to contribute to
“an overall philosophy
| and national policy in the *

interest of the provision

‘of sport”, the Govern-
* ment statement said.

In the statement, the
|.Government said al-
though sport had been
| drawn increasingly into
| “the sphere of politics the
government —_considers
that. . . its role in the pro-
vision of sport should not
be prominent.”

Rejected

Therefore a recommen-
dation by the HSRC for
the creation of an autono-
mous statutory body to
represent sporting inter-
ests had been rejected in
favour of .fostering the



JPRS#SSA+854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SLABBERT ON NEED FOR INDABA ALLIANCE
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 8 Sep 85 p 2

[Article by Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert, Jeader of the Opposition in the House of

Assembly]

[Text]

Y CALLING for a Con- i
vention Alliance to be

formed, I am not call-

ing for a national convention :

tomorrow.

Under the present circumstances,
it would serve no purpose at all, What
are the present circumstances?

‘We have a declared state of emer-
gency in 36 magisterial districts and
endemic unrest in townships inside
and outside those districts.

To the outside world the media
presents us as a large black township
surrounded by white security forces.

Inside the country we are blud-
geoned with rumours, counter-ru-
‘mours, postures and declamations as
police run around townships shooting
and hitting in an attempt to eet at
those who burn, loot and throw
stones,

In the process the innocent and the
guilty are treated in exactly, the
same way. In other words, this is
the worst possible climate to call a
national convention,

Credible

But not only is the climate wrong,
the very structure of our soclety

‘wrong.

‘What fs the point of calling a con-
vention if the Government ts
with aspects of influx control, denies

+ voluntary association by means of

the Population Registration Act, the
Group Areas Act, ignores the funda-
mentals of rudimentary civil iber-
ties through detention without trial,
bannings, etc?

‘One cannot expect credible or rep-
resentative leaders to come to a con.
vention and negotiate on behalf of
their constituents when such a struc- |
ture continues to exist in our country. *

‘The wrong climate and structure —
are responsible for the situation |
where people do not have the oppor-
tunity to freely demonstrate who the
leaders are that they want to go to a «
convention to represent their Inter-

ests,

For decades the Government has
created structures, particularly in
urban townships, that cannot gener-
ate leaders to bargain effectively on *
behalf of their constituents.

Finally, a convention can only be
called by the government of the day
and this government certainly has
not displayed any intention to do so in
the climate they have created, the |
structure they maintain and the '
leaders they are prepared to allow to
come forward and talk to.

For all these reasons, it would be
pointless to call a national conven-
tion Immediately. But it certainly is
not pointless to form a Convention
Alliance. .

Such an alliance could be a visible
demonstration to the Government
and the world that there are signifi-

+ cant organisations, movements, par-

tles or individuals who, although they
may differ strategically or even in
terms of policies and principles for a
post-apartheld South Africa, are
committed to the same central
theme: One Constitution based on
One Citizenship, in One Country’

105

which must be negotiated at a con-
vention.

Such an alliance by its very exist-
ence will make the point right
throughout this ravaged time we
move through, that either we negotl-
ate an acceptable constitution for &
new South Africa, or we all suffer
through repression and counter-vio-
lence in the old one.

Of course there are people de-
tained and In jail who should be part
of such an alliance, But that should

“not prevent those of us who are free
to form one.

By doing so we can give tangible
evidence that we do not believe

| new constitution can be created on
the present structure of South Africa.

Analliance of this kind is also not a
grnging up against the Government.

it is not a protest group of single
_ dssue confrontation,
| _ It canbe a demonstration to the
Government that there fs another
way out of the cycle of repression
and violence in which we are
trapped.

It shows the Government an option
which ft itself has to be part of in
order to succeed. It says to Govern-
ment: “You must create the climate

; and circumstances for a convention
to be possible.”

Such an alliance certainly does not
compromise any party, organisation,
or individual on its role or function
outside of the alliance.

Support

We do not even have to like one
another in order to belong to it, al-
though it would obviously help.

‘The essence of a convention Is pre-


EFFECT OF CONSUMER BOYCOTTS ASSESSED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 85 p 4

{Article by Peter Wallington:

[Text]

PROFESSOR Peter Vale, director of
the Institute for Social and Economic
Research at Rhodes University, said
that in these times of conflict and
despair the boycotts have brought
black and whi
around fundamental issues”,

Black leaders realise that consum-
er boycotts offer a means to ena e
the local power structures in de
on important issues”, and white busi-
nessmen have in some cases “learnt
quickly to negotiate as equals” he

says.

The boycotts have swept from the
Cape Peni

— and they continue to spread — with
union leaders in Johannesburg last

week calling on shoppers to boycott .

black councillor’s businesses, while in
Natal, Fosatu is seeking to extend the
boycott beyond Maritzburg.

e withdrawal of black buying ,

wer has had its effect, just as

ational Party-sponsored consumer
‘boycotts of Indian-owned businesses,
aimed at promoting Afrikaner busi-
nesses, did in the 1940s.

The boycotts have been sparked by
a variety of issues.

Demands include the lifting of the :

state of emergency, the withdrawal
of police and army from the town-
ships, the freeing of all detainees and
the granting of full political rights.

But there have also been local de-
mands, with Vale citing the case of
Adelaide, where black people insisted
their cattle be allowed to graze on the
town’s common land.

Vale also said that because United
Democratic Front affiliates were
structured the same way they had the
capacity to mobilise support ground

together “to talk

insula to Natal and the Reef

issues peculiar to the area as Well as,

on _a broader level. *
In-some cases boycotts have been

suspended as sympathetic authorities

have responded sincerely to black '

grievances, while in other cases the
response has been harsher as the au-
thorities have attempted to crush the
ts.

ale said boycott successes can be
measured in two ways: the support

- they get, and whether satisfactory ne-
otiat

ons take place with white au-
jorities to end them.
The Port Elizabeth boycott, which

started on July 15, has been almost *
100% effective since day one. Says ©

local Chamber of Commerce presi-
dent Tony Gilson: “Although there are
some signs that a few I blacks are
shopping again, there not appear
to be @ teal crack in the bo en”

The Progressive Federal Party
(PFP) surveyed 43 of the affected
shops soon after the boycott began.
They found that two had already
closed their doors, while 18 had seen
their turnover drop from between
80% to 100%.

Dr Nthato Motlana, chairman of
the Soweto Civic Association, cau-

tioned that boycotts could only be
effective if judiciously and for a
specific

‘iod.

He said that led boycotts
were difficult to monitor, and that
they ran the risk of collay sing into
“black on black confrontations”.

Other problems included the neces-
sity of encouraging, or intimidating,
people to follow the boycott through,
especially in the face of the fact that
township prices were invariably high-
er. 4

64

JPRS*SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

“Boycotts Bring Blacks and Whites Together")

Motlana said shopowners were be-
ing encouraged to keep prices down,
‘and that moves were afoot to get
them to buy in bulk.

But the chaotic state of many town-
. Ships hasn’t helped.

Johannesburg driver, who lives
in Soweto, said it was all very well
saying don’t buy from white shops,
“but thugs burn and loot delivery
vehicles as they enter Soweto. So
where are am I supposed to buy food
for my children?”

The Development Bank of Southern
Africa's John Bloomfield wrote re-
cently that business was a “risk/re-
turn ratio”, and warned of the possi-
ble consequences should a “blanket”

boycott of white businesses be effec-
1

1

4

' “The threshold may well be crossed
‘ sooner than boycotters realise when
{ white businesses just pack up and go.
Black business at present would cer-
tainly not be able to fill the gap.”
| He pointed out that Africa was tes-
* mony to the fact that it does not take
long to run a country down. “SA boy-
‘ cotters should be thankful thay still
have shops to boycott.”
In terms of strategy, Vale said, it
. was irrelevant if intimidation took
Place because the boycotts were
working, and that that is what was
important. ‘
This meant negotiation was im-
perative, but Vale said this had been”
| andicapped by the state of emergen-
cy and security force involvement.
The PE boycott was last week ex-
tended for eight weeks because de-
mands had not been met, and a white
trader blamed government's refusal


cso:

3400/1199

readiness for a major revolutionary’
onslau

The plausht brand of Islam is not only
;Vlolent, but algo totally intolerant of
+ other religious groups. Surely, Nige-
“tla, reputed for her multi-religious
culture and exemplary religious tole-
rance, is a wrong place for the Iranians
to spread their Islamic revolution,

If they are not aware, they should be
told that Nigerian mosiems abhor
violence in: .all. its ramifications,
hence they strongly denounced the
murderous activities of Maitatsine’s
followers carried out under the pre-
tence of Islam. The Iranians should
also know that as they have Ayatollah
Khomeini as the head of tranian mos-
lems, so we have the Sultan of Sokoto
as the leader of the Nigerian mosiems.
Our mosiem leaders are in no way
less knowledgeable about the Koran
and the Hadith than their counter-

in Iran.
it is gratifying that the Chief Imam of
Lagos Central Mosque, Ibrahim Liadi,
has criticised the Iranian unsolicited
proselytisation which he rightly
described as perilous to religious
peace in this country. Ambassador
Menhaj's claim, that there are .no ul-
terior, motives behind his embassy‘s
circulation of the posters is totally un-

acceptable. .
We appeal, therefore, to the Federal

Government to immediately halt the
Iranian Embassy from further circula:
tlon of these posters. We must not
allow Iran to sow the seeds of reli-
gious discord in our country.

19



the factories in the Maputo area and tried to instill a sense of
patriotism into the workers. There is a strong resistance to national
service, because the citizens maintain that even after completing two
years service as FAM they were not allowed to return to their civil
occupations and lives.

The resources of our own national army are under strain at the moment,
for on top of the heavy additional commitment in Mozambique, Minister
Munangagwa has announced that new initiatives and operations have been
sét in motion to deal with dissidents in Matebeleland.

We wonder how forces for the two campaigns are being allocated. Are
the ex-ZIPRA units being sent to Mozambique and the ex-ZANLA combatants
to Matebeleland? 8

The military arena is not the only area where cooperation with Mozambique
is under way. Representatives of the Zimbabwean and Mozambican police
forces were recently engaged in discussions on the formulation of joint
strategies. It is believed that the Mozambican delegation wished to
study our police methods and procedures, with particular reference to
the protection of key points, the use of mounted police and police dogs,
the security arrangements for, foreign diplomats and. the general commander
structure of our police force. There is no doubt that the older and
more experienced members of our Zimbabwe Railways Police {ZRP] will

have good advice to offer. Some of the later developments however,

will be of no benefit to Mozambique. The destruction of the apolitical
nature. of our force and its conversion to a party political arm have
nothing to commend it. .Nor will our visitors have got any benefit

from instructions on how to ignore [words indistinct] of facts to
disrupt the lawful opposition.

We come back to the point that we have emphasized before. Fruitful
cooperation with our neighbors on matters of concern is a most worth-

while exercise. Being sucked into [words indistinct] in a Mozambican
civil war is something else altogether.

CSO: 3400/1105.

138


JPRS+SSA+85~096
8 October 1985

COFFEE BOARD REQUESTS HIGHER QUOTA ALLOCATION

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 30 Aug 85 p 19

[Text]

ONE of the major concerns expressed by
Kenya coffee growers during last week’s
annual coffee conference in Nairobi, was
the restriction of coffee sales to the inter-
national market on a quota basis imposed
by the International Coffee Organisation
in London. The chairman of the Coffee
Board of Kenya (CBK) which hosted the
conference, Mr. Stephen Michoma, told
the delegates that the situation was so
serious that both growers and the Kenyan
Christian community needed to pray for
the Kenyan delegates who will in Septem-
ber attend the annual ICO meeting in
London where Kenya will request for a
bigger quota allocation for its coffee
exports. Lo

During the last coffee year (1983/84)
which was being ‘reviewed by the con-

ference, the country produced a record,

129,625 metric tonnes of coffee (an
increase by over 50 per cent over the

previous year) while the ICO quota alloca- :

tion for Kenya remained 83,451 tonnes or
about 1.3 million bags. When Kenya goes
to the ICO meeting in September, the
delegates will be negotiating for about two
million bags export quota allocation.’
Michoma told the delegates that com-
pounded to the problem of his board being
unable to sell all the coffee produced each

year, there was the problem of carry-over *

stocks which remained unsold and yet’
growers had to be paid for them by the
board. During the 1983/84 crop‘ year,
56,326 tonnes of coffee remained unsold
and were carried over to the following
coffee year while the ICO export quota for.
Kenya remained relatively unchanged,
Michoma pointed out. Owing to the

carry-over of stocks, the CBK was hit by
serious financial constraints and had to
ask for an increased overdraft in order to
run its affairs for 15 consecutive months.
The government approved the overdraft
increase from shs. 180 million to shs. 360
million, The government further‘
authorised the board to borrow shs. 592
million from overseas lenders in order to
pay the final coffee payout to the farmers.
Said Michoma: “The problem of carry-
-over stocks will be with us for some time
and we shall have to borrow to keep up
-with the final payments to farmers.”
Michoma expressed concern over the
delay in processing coffee payments to
farmers in the co-operative sector and
hoped that such delays would be.
: minimised. During the year under review,
‘five interim and final payments were.
“made to growers amounting to £235.35
“million out of ‘the gross realisation of

£259.2. million. Michoma told the
minister for agriculture, Mr. William:
Odongo Omamo, who opened the con-
ference, that coffee growers were par-
ticularly concerned over the government’s
apparent inaction over the various resolu-
tions they had passed during the various
coffee conferences in the districts. Coffee
farmers have over the last decade been
passing resolutions calling for the aboli-
tion of the county council cess levied from.
coffée as well as the abolition of export
tax. Among the other resolutions passed
this year included one calling for the
‘ government to control and subsidise
agricultural chemicals and_ fertilisers.
, Another asked the government to mge the
' Kenya Power and Lighting Company to

KENYA



So Botha reckons that if he can succeed in diverting attention from

his own burning edifice of apartheid by at least disuniting Zimbabweans,
he can then turn around and tell the world there is no need for change
in South Africa as ethnic problems also exist in other African states.

Or while attention is turned elsewhere he can formulate more pseudo
reforms to hoodwink the world. .

But, we say to South Africa: Zimbabweans will not succumb to its
cheap tactics which also manifest its fear of change-~change which
guarantees all South Africans, regardless of color, a peaceful and
more prosperous future.

To the progressive world, we say: the screw on South Africa must be
tightened still harder until light dawns in Pretoria,

To our brothers and sisters languishing under the yoke of apartheid,
this is the time for unity and unflinching courage, so they will
succeed in defeating a government which has not their welfare at heart.

As for all of us Zimbabweans, the greatest part we can play to protect
ourselves. is by being alert and cooperative with the security’ forces.

For instance, if the people. in Mwenezi had been more watchful they
would probably have’ become suspicious and alerted the security forces
before the murderers struck.

But, of course, the continued presence of security forces in areas

known. to be frequented by ZAPU sponsored dissidents and other agents
of South Africa will help as a deterrent.

cso: 3400/1105

136


JPRS#SSA#85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

STATES CUT WORKER SALARIES

Niger To Base Wages on Available Funds
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Aug 85 p 9
[Text] The Niger State Commissioner for Finance, Mr. Bulus Daudu, on Monday
in Minna said that government workers in the state might no longer receive
full pay as from this month. .

Speaking on an NTA Minna programme, the commissioner said that this was due to
continued fall in the state's revenue.

He said that the state government had to supplement its federal grant with
about N2 million to pay the workers salaries last month.

Mr. Daudu said that the state might have no alternative than to base the
percentage of monthly salary payable to workers on available funds.

"We are no longer borrowing to pay workers' salaries since loans repayment has
always been agonising", he said.

The commissioner said that it was as a result of the poor financial position
of the state that a N20 development levy was introduced by the state
government for all taxable adults.

Mr. Daudu also said that the state, revenue department had been re-structured
to improve the state's revenue-yields. (NAN)

Plateau To Cut Wages by 20 Percent
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 15 Aug 85 p 4
[Article by Andrew Orolua]
[Text] Governor Samuel Atukum of Plateau State has proposed a 20 per cent cut

in salary of the state's civil servants in support of the state development
appeal schedule to be launched in October to labour unions in the state.

24


cso:

3400/1176

© changes in South Africa?
*- by violent means. :

Robbery, attempted ,
robbery, housebreaking !
and attempted house-

; breaking with intent. to :
* commit an offence also *
carry the penalty if there '
are aggravating circum-°

i stances,

Terrorism, in terms of *
Section 54 of the Inter- '
nal Security act, is also a *
. capital offence.

‘The number of people
sentenced to death and
those ‘reprieved in the. :
, Past three years are as i
| follows: 1982 — sen-
tenced (126), executed ‘
(100), reprieved (20); |
1983 — sentenced (130), {

; executed (90), reprieved |
(40); 1984 — sentenced :
(150); executed (115), |
_ Teprieved (35); and 1985
— sentenced (96), exe- | |

: * cuted (76), reprieved

20)

).

The number of people
hanged every year does
not seem to show that;
' capital punishment_has
: deterrent value. This |
view is shared by Profes- }

i sor Johan van der |
Vyver, professor of law «
at the University of Wit-
watersrand.

“There is no. proof’
? that capital punishment
‘ has deterrent effects.
when someone commits
an offence he does not ‘
think of the conse- -
quences; Even ifhe
does, he always believes °
that he will get away

+ with it. :

“One of my main
+, problems with capital °
“punishment is. that it
does not give the of-
fender any chance of re-

, habilitation. I believe

| that'even the most hard-
ened criminal could re-

* habilitate,” said Prof

93

» van der Vyver.
i  Somé advocates of
; Capital punishment have
: argued that it costs the
:, taxpayer a lot of money
: to maintain a life pris-
oner.
Prof van der Vyver

said studies conducted

in America have’ shown
that maintaining a death
cell is as costly as main-
taining facilities for
long-term prisoners.

“To take a person’s
life is a very cruel and
inhuman punishment. ~
The cruelty does not lie
even in the methods of
execution but in the
agony that the prisoner
undergoes during the
two years he has to wait

- for his death.
“During that’ period

when ‘all’ ‘aventies ’for’''

saving the prisoner's life
are explored, such as ap- .
peals for clemency and:
some such things, the’
prisoner’s anxiety is in-
tensified and this can be ©
torturous,” said Prof
van der Vyver. a
In general, people i
South Africa seem to get

emotional about capital“ ‘”

punishment if it is for a
political offence. Other
death sentences have’ al-

* ways been the concern
of close relatives. o
"A recent study by the
Unisa Institute of Crimi-"
nology showed that 85
percent of South Afri-
cans feel that capital |
punishment should stay.”
because they believe it
protects society from se- ~
tious crime.

Of those who opposed’

it, most said they feared
that innocent people
could be killed by mis-
take, while others said it
had no deterrent effect
and that it was cruel and
unethical.



JPRS#SSA+85=096
8 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

HERALD BLAMES BOTHA REGIME FOR MWENEZI MASSACRE
MB060845 Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 85 p 4
[Editorial: "Botha to Blame]

[Text] Like the coward that it is, strife-torn South Africa does not
want to die alone, so it desperately tries to drag Zimbabwe along to
its death by sponsoring murder and destruction in our country.

The coldblooded murder by dissidents of 21 people in Mwenezi last
Thursday should accordingly be placed at the doorstep of the racist
Botha regime.

It is common knowledge that South Africa has been training armed gangs
such as the one which rounded up the residents of Sweetwaters Ranch
and herded the Shonas among them into a hut where they were shot--and
which also killed other people and burned down homes. and school books
in the same area. We would not be surprised if they fled across the
border into South Africa after their callous atrocities.

It is known, too, that a military camp exists near Lousi. Trichardt,
just across. the border from Mwenezi, and two of the many bandits
cpatured by Zimbabwean security forces in the past have confirmed this
to the Zimbabwean press.

One is left in no doubt therefore, especially considering South Africa's
penchant for destabilizing its neighbors, that the dissidents responsible
for the murder and mayhem in Mwenezi were sent by South Africa from

this particular camp.

With its economy in shambles and law and order breaking down as a result
of its refusal to change, South Africa will kick more wildly at its
neighbors as internal pressures for meaningful reform mount further.

The success of the "Zimbabwean experiment" of nonracialism, which has
confounded prophets of doom and looms large in Botha's own mind as
world pressure mounts on him to dismantle apartheid, is obviously the
single most potent external threat to the status quo in South Africa,
among other things.

135



JPRS“SSA~854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOLIDARITY SPEAKS OUT AGAINST CRACKDOWN ON UDF, NIC LEADERS

Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Sep 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

” SOLIDARITY has spoken out against last week's

crackdown on UDF and NIC lea
added that indian Minis!
Amichand Rajbans! shi
detention.

Cou firm:
responsibility for the

Mr Poovalingam said the fact that the Minister
of Law and Order had not brought them before a
court “demons! 8 that the police obviously do
idence capable of being placed before

perso refore the continued detention of these

The party’s national chairman and spokesman unjustified, it Is reprehensible and its
on justice, Mr Pat Poovalingal the basis of thoroughly immoral. Since they have not been
law In South Africa was the of the individu- forthwith.”

. . tions, Poovalingam said,

“According to our law every person is pre- ponsibillty only of the white Gov-

‘sumed to be innocent until found gullty In a court
of law,” Mr Poovalingam sald.

“There Is, therefore, no question at all that the
Natal Indian Congress leaders who were detained
last week are Innocent persons who are kept In
detention not only against their will but against all
norms of decency,” he said.

3400/1177

86

ice September last year, there is also an
Indian member of the Cabinet who now shares
responsibility for the immoral detention of these
men,” Mr Poovalingam sald.

“He is now answerable to the public for that act
of his government.”


intensify thé electrification of cotfze fac-
, tories in rural areas while another called
for the abolition of income tax on co-
* operative societies.
+ While the government was tuliy com-
mitted to supporting coffee growers,
‘,Omamo told the delegates they should
fefrain from making resolutions which
“were revolving in the orbit” and hence
* could not be acted upon. a

CSO: 3400/1214


JPRS+SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S EXECUTION RATE HIGHEST IN WESTERN WORLD

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Sep 85 p 4

[article by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

A TOTAL of 76 peoplé were hanged in South Africa this

year. The figure could have been 77 had the ANC insurgent,
Benjamin Moloise, not been granted a ‘temporary stay of

execution last month.

Moloise was sentenced to death in June 1983 after he was found guilty
of the murder of a security policeman, Warrant Officer Phillipus Selepe.

Forthe past 26 -

months he has suffered
the agony of knowing
that one morning he
would be removed from
Death Row and hanged
by his neck until he was
dead.

He was to have been
hanged on August 21
this year.

There has been wide- :

spread local andintema- .
tional concern about
Moloise and numerous
calls have been made to
the State President to
commute his sentence to.
life imprisonment. The
call was unsuccessful. t
The most the State fl
President was prepared -
to do was grant him a ,
temporary stay of exe- ;
cution on August 20.
Yesterday, Priscilla
Jana and Associates,
lawyers acting for the
Moloise family, were to
have submitted a second ‘!
petition to the State
President, in which they °
appeal to him to allow
Moloise to give further

” evidence which they be-

‘lieve could result in a '

different judgment or
! sentence.

Petition

mains in the balance.

Moloise is one of
several hundreds of
people who have made
! South Africa’s execution
Tate the highest in the
Western world.

Until 1958, murder
was the main offence

. South Africa.
! In terms of the Crimi-

there are many more of-
fences that have become

; capital offences.

* Titey include high
‘| treason, kidnapping,
: child stealing, rape,
sabotage and military
training that could fur-
| ther the objects of com-
munism or advocating
; economic or social;

92

jnal Procedure Act; ,

Until the State Presi-
dent decides on the peti- =
tion, Moloise’s fate re- |

‘ punishable by death in '


Militant radicals have |
physically attacked *
those holding positions

‘in segregated’ political

cso:

institutions approved by
the Government. The
fiercest battle has been
in the black townships,
where councillors serv-
ing in black local author-
ities have come under
attack by assailants
armed with grenades,
petrol bombs, stones
and sticks, At least 12
councillors have been
killed. At least 240 have;
resigned. {

The controversy over
whether to participate in
or to boycott racially
segregated political in-
stitution is, of course,
not new. It dates back at
least to 1936 when a spe-
cial Natives Representa-
tive Council (NRC) was
created for blacks. But, -
as it became increasingly
clear that the NRC was
impotent, that its coun-
sel was ignored by the
white Government, the
lobby ini favour of par-
ticipation gradually lost
out to the advocates of
boycott.

The majority black
view was summed up by
a disillusioned Paul Mo-

3400/1150

saka in 1946, who said of
his experience as a coun-
cillor: “You sat down
there, you came with
resolutions, you talked
until your mouth was
dry and that was the last
you heard of it.”

Detention

Years later another
black leader, Steve

_ Biko, the founder of

South Africa’s Black.
Consciousness move-
ment who died in deten-
tion in 1977, rejected
the argument that apart-
heid institutions could
be captured from within
and used as platforms in
the fight against apart-
heid.

“We believe the first
step of any black leader
is to destroy such a plat-
form,” he said. “Des-
troy it without giving it
any form of respectabil-
ity. Once you step into
it, once you participate
in it . . . you are giving
sanctity to it.”

Noting that these in-
stitutions were designed
for the “oppression of
the black man” not his
liberation, Biko com-
pared those who be-
lieved apartheid institu-
tions can be used to de-
stroy apartheid to the
man who accepted an
unloaded pistol from his
opponent in a duel and
still persisted in the illu-
sion that he could win.

The PFP, which is es-
sentially a white middle-
class party, is about to
discover that the dispute
is more than an aca-
demic debate. — Lon-
don Observer Service.

97



NEW RAIL LINE CONSTRUCTION PLANNED

JPRS*SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Sep 85 p 10

{Article by Alison Goldberg]

[Text]

THE CONSTRUCTION of three,

new double railway goods lines to °

the west and east of Johannes-
burg in 1990-91, to be followed by
others on the East Rand, at a
future date, is not likely to be
greeted with much joy from prop-
erty owners now facing expropri-

ation.

According to a SA Transport Ser-
vices (Sats) spokesman, the proper-
ties affected are largely agricultural
and industrial.

The first line, a 23km goods link
from Germiston to Voelfontein, will
require the expropriation of roughl
127,54ha, Sats says many of the Fa
properties affected — all agricultural
or mining — have already been ex-

Propriated,

ford is that Johannesburg Consoli-
dated Investment is current y havin,
its approximate 22ha of land values
in Sunward Park and further exten-
sions in Boksburg which are in line
for the chop. Besides Boksburg, which
includes Sunward Park, a portion of
Brakpan will also be expropriated.

A second line, Waterworks-Water-
val in the West Rand, is also sched-
uled to begin towards the end of the
decade. This line is expected to wipe
off 185ha, but no expropriations have
taken place as et. :

This line will be an extension of the
new Skansdam-Waterworks line,
which itself will mean the expropri-
ation of 159ha. Together, the two new
double goods lines. will measure
66km. Areas affected will be Eiken-
hof, Soweto, between Eldorado Park
and Lenasia, the southern agricul-
tural-zoned portion of Nancefield (an
industrial area), the Krugersdorp

113

municipality and Randfontein.
Two new goods lines are indicated
on the map
however, has no fixed dates as yet, as
much will depend on the way the
economy moves.
Bottlenecks in the area, centre

-around Welgedacht, and future lines

will bypass the town to get direct
access to Sentrarand, the country’s
main goods marshallin rd near
Babsfontein. Areas affected by expro-
priation will be, only agricultural,
says Sats, :
ither way, the onus is on every
owner to respond individually within
approxmiate ly 60 days from the date
of notice of expropriation in order to
contest values which the authorities
(provincial or municipal) would place
on the | Hand. If the owner does not
res) , he must accept the value the
authority decides, 3
There are three components of a
claim: land loss, improvements loss
and financial loss (i.e., business turn-
over). Often only one or two factors

apply.

Prose Properties bordering land
expropriated may not claim damages
for potential noise and loss of value
from the expropriation courts, but
from the civil courts. They would
claim and automatically receive re-
duced rates of up to 15% to 20%.

Judging from the success rate of
claims, it is dubious whether claim-
ants will ever recover the market
value of their properties. Of the many
cases in Johannesburg, ‘ibly the
largest and most protracted was that
of the market site, City Deep. Lasting
for almost a year, the claim for R12m

for the East Rand. Sats, -

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS#SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

PLEDGE FOR FOOD FUND--The Seychelles has pledged $14,000 for the special African
fund set up to fight famine, President France Albert Rene said on 22 July on
his return from Addis Ababa, where he attended the Organisation of African Unity
summit. He also paid tribute to the outgoing OAU chairman, Tanzanian President
Julius Nyerere. [Text] [Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 27 Jul 85 p 2]

RENE WARNS ENEMIES--President France Albert Rene has given opponents of his regime
three months to abandon any ideas of sabotage operations in the archipelago.

In a speech marking National Militia Day, President Rene said, "We know very well
who our enemies are and we have the means to act against them." The warning came
several days after the discovery of an alleged embryo conspiracy within the
presidential guard, which was not publicly revealed, and the arrest of several
civilians (see I.0.N. No 189). [Text] [Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English
27 Jul 85 p 5]

TWO NEW PARASTATALS--The Seychelles Petroleum Company (SEPEC) and the Mahe
Bunkering Company (MABCO) are the latest parastatal enterprises to be set up in
the Seychelles. They have taken over between them the import and distribution
of petroleum products which were previously the preserve of the Shell multi-
national. The government has not revealed if Shell has a share in the capital
of the two new concerns, which are joint venture companies. The president of
Seychelles National Oil Co., of which SEPEC and MABCO are subsidiaries, explained
the changes by referring to the government's determination to control oil prices
with the prospect of boosting the economic activity of the archipelago. The
establishment of another joint venture company in the coffee and tea sector is
also noteworthy. The state now owns 55 percent of the Seychelles Tea and Coffee
Co. Ltd., which previously belonged to the GMR group headed by the Italian
Mario Ricci. However, the management of the business remains in the hands of
GMR. [Text] [Paris INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 27 Jul 85 p 6]

cso: 3400/1061

60


JPRS#SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOYCOTTS’ SPREAD FORCES BUSINESS TO REVIEW STRATEGY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 15 Sep 85 p 11

{Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text]

cso:

CONSUMER boycotts;
which continue in parts
of the Eastern and
Western Cape, have
forced a on re-
tail strategy.

A Port Elizal

CBD opening
in the CBD will
have to reduce stocks and
plan how to deal with trac
patterns that have been
the >
The

3400/1218

ns

EBD fod races. Back

may be unwilling to
in the former white
for fear of boycotts by

Real target
ate sat Set
cott although it preset block

consumers “for at last having
identified the real target —

66

the white businessman”.
Nafcoc claims to represent
10.000 businessmen who con-
trol _most of the estimated
30000 retail outlets in SA’s

black areas,
How many of these are

‘owned by town councillors is

anyone's Some esti-
mates indfeate that at least!
40% of the 30000 retailers
are either Sompletely or
partly owned by councillors.
Price increases of up to,
40% in township shops pose a:
serlous problem for boycott
organisers who say they will
continue their ban on buying
from white shops into 1986,
Boycott committees have
drawn i price lists, indicat-
ck shops what they
should charge.

Supplies cut i
tne Nafcoc eokeaman: “Ie
hovootts asta e,
it will be Increasingly diffi-
cult for our members to sup-
ply customers with all they

require.

‘Many township retailers
are being forced to close be-
cause of lack of supplies. Un-.
rest makes wholesalers un-

The Howick boycott, which
started off in ‘support of.
Worker demands at BTR-
Sarmcol, has spread to
Maritzburg, Pit and
Hammarsdale.

A Metal and Allied Work-

Ladysmith, Newcastle and
Empangeni are likely new
ta the Federation of
‘SA Trade Unions’ plan to in-
clude the whole of Natal in its
boycott.


cso:

3400/1214

‘Amayo, ‘Thére’ has’ to,:be.a lear way
under which: Kanu youth, operate and
Kanu headquarters: .will:, soon , issue a
policy, statement..on the. matter”. He,
however, insisted, like, many ‘politicians,
and, adminis pre, ‘that the
youthwingers have.done & good job. In an
interview with. The Weekly: Review this
week, Amayo.eaid, !'We cannot close our
eyes to the good work of the youth but we
should also listen,to the. complaints of the
members: .of -the ‘public’, On the
Machakos..arrests Amayo saw nothing
wrong in criminals being arrested whether
they were youthwingers or'not. He would
not however say: when. the guidelines to
tame youthwingerg would;come out: On
whetHer youithwingers.make consultations
with the regular. police. force before
staging. swoops for suspected’ criminals,
Amayo declined to comment, 80 the
police corhmissioner, Mt. Bernard Njiinu,
both of whdm were reached for comment
on telephorie. i)

11



ISLAMIC COUNCIL SUPPORTS PFP CALL FOR NATIONAL CONVENTION

Durban POST NATAL in Englibh 4-7 Sep 85 p 2

[Text]

i

cso:

THE Islamic Council of
South Africa has support-
ed the call for a National
Convention by the
Progressive Federal
Party and Inkatha.

ICSA executive direc-
tor Ibrahim Bawa said
this week the country
was in a turbulent state, |
civil strife would contin- °
ue and escalate, and that *
the economy. would be
further depressed.

“The root causes of all ©
this are known to all —
resulting in a determined |
and growing desire of the
black community to lib- |
erate itself from its op- :
pressed state. Unless sa- :
tisfied, this desire will !
burst in to flame engulf-
ing this country into ani
inferno,” Mr Bawa said.

“We have no doubt that
the Government is aware‘
of all this. However, it

3400/1176

a4 seems paralysed, for rea-

sons well known, and un-
able to undertake effec-
tive measures to face this
very critical situation,
relying on force to con-
tain it. ;

This could not resolve
the conflict as peace, se-
curity and prosperity

94

“would only be achieved

when the human rights of
black people were res-
tored, Mr Bawa said.
“Towards this end, we
‘support the call made by
the Progressive Federal
Party for a National Con-
vention — a call which
we made in 1977 when

JPRS+SSA4854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

the Government had put
forward certain tentative
proposals for change.
“We urge all sections
of the people, groups, in-
stitutions and influential
individuals, to support
this call and become in-
vplved in establishing it
‘ithout delay.”


cso:

3400/1200

health education should take
place and vho should carry it out
and hew it should be done.

Ger.cral Rimi said the most ef-
fective preventive policies on
health education are based on in-
dividual instruction by influential
instructors such as doctors and
public health nurses.

For barracks to have an effi-
cient system of health in-
telligence, he said, there must be
need for a commitment on the
part of the unit commanders to
set goals for the health of their
barracks and evolve a system of
co-ordinating the individual
educational efforts of instructors.

Major-General Rimi said the
Nigerian Army Medical Corps
would soon embark on the pro-

-gramme of health education to

soldiers and officers.

He urged all officers and men
of the army to help in the drive
towards winning the War Against
Indiscipline or environmental
sanitation, and meeting the
World Health Organisation target
of ‘Health for All’ by the year
2000.

16


AIR INDIA REQUESTS SPECIAL AIRPORT SECURITY

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Aug 85 p 17

[Text]

cso:

INDIA’S national airline,

|Air India, now receives
‘special security attention at
the Murtala Muhammed
International Airport, Ikeja.

This followed a request
by the airline to the Nigerian
Airport Authority following
the recent spate of ter-
forists activities on the air-
line's craft believed to be

ment at airports, our
reporter gathered, include a
24-hour. vigil on aircraft
luggage checks and
thorough scrutiny of all
persons who by virtue of
their jobs, come into
contact with aircraft.

These include cleaners,
baggage handlers, fuelers
and others,

On June 23, an Air India
Boeing 747 airliner was
reported to have crashed
into the Atlantic Ocean,
South-West of Ireland,
claiming 329 lives. .

A Press Trust of India

(PTI) report from New York
aid a man with an Indian

3400/1188

45

accent had telephoned the
New York Times, saying
the Sikh students federation
was responsible for p'anting:
_@ bomb aboard the flight!
from..Toronto to Bombay"

‘Also, a baggage.
container unloaded froma’
-plane from Canada‘
exploded killing two people’ :
in Tokyo Airport, and the
Globe and Mail newspapers
quoted Indian officials as
saying they suspected two
Sikhs of being involved in’
both incidents. .
“Air India operates twoTM
flights a week to Lagos.
The ‘ first a Boeing 707
arrives Lagos at 2.00-p.m.

#-on Sundays and departs at
- 4.00 p.m. The second also

Boeing. 707 arrives Lagos at
2.00 p.m. Sundays ' and
departs two hours later.
Contacted in his office,.a
Nigerian Airports, Authority
‘manager, Alhaji Sami Baba
‘said that the authority had
special security arrange-
ments for the airline but
added that Air India was
not the cniy airline given
‘such treatment in Lagos.

JPRS“SSA4854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA


BLACK DETAINEES REPORTEDLY TREATED MORE BRUTALLY

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 2 Sep 85 p 9

[Article by Clare Harper]

(Text]

i

* detention of blac!

JOHANNESBURG. — Since
the state of emergency was
declared on July 21+ some

2414 people have been de- |

tained in prisons and police
cells countrywide.

Of these, 1.218 have been re-
leased.

Considerable variation in
the tyne of treatment meted
out to blacks and whites has
emerged from interviews.

Security police handling of
black detainees under the se-
curity provisions was high-
lighted in a recent report of a
15-year-old boy admitted to a
hospital psychiatric unit after
two weeks of detention be-

cause he had become psy- |

chotic.

Following this, the Johan- —

nesburg Child Welfare
Society appointed a deputa-
Hion to approach a govern-
ment minister about initiat-
ing a Judicial inquiry into the
children in
prisons and police cells. ©
The director of the Centre
for Applied Legal Studies at
the University of the Wit-
watersrand, Professor John
Dugard, said: “There is no

, doubt that for the past 25 years

black detainees have been «

treated much more brutally
than whites.”

@Ms Joy Harnden, a re-
searcher and journalist, says
she was treated comparatively

> well by the security police.

However, “comparatively
well” still meant solitary con-
finement in a two by two-and-
a-half metre cell, facing

+ several sessions of security

Police questioning, no books,

90

no visitors — and sometimes
no toiletries or clean clothes.
Ms Harnden was arrested at
a prayer meeting at the Sara-
toga Catholic Cathedral in
Doornfontein on July 31.

At Diepkloof prison she had

. to strip naked in front of three
“ wardens and hand over her

clothes.

“] was petrified and angry at
the indignity of it. I don’t con-
sider myself a criminal, yet I
was given less privileges than
a convicted criminal,” she
sald.

At no stage was she allowed
to communicate with the two
other women detainees. She

was allowed 30 minutes exer- -

cise each day in the corridor
outside her cell.

Ms Harnden spent twelve
days at Diepkloof Prison dur-
ing which time she was inter-
rogated six times,

Asked to comment on her
experience, the Prison Ser-
vice said: “Detainees incar-
cerated in prisons in terms of
the Public Safety Act are
treated in terms of rules pro-
mulgated in Government Ga-
zette number 9878. In accor-
dance with rule 4 (1),
detainees should be searched
when admitted to prison and
thereafter as often as neces-

* sary.”

@ Eastern Cape researcher
Roland White described the
treatment he received during
his detention under the emer-
gency regulations. Mr White,
23, works at the Labour and
Community Resource Centre
in Grahamstown.

JPRS#SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA=854096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

SCRAMBLE FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE THREATENS 5TH PLAN
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 28 Aug 85 p3
[Article by Chris Njoku]

[Text] The success or failure of any plan depends on the distributive sectors
of the economy as at the period of preparing the plan. There is every need to
examine the capital available for development which may come in form of
savings through past, present, or future budgetary surpluses, and through
levying of specific taxes for development purposes, and the overseas assets in
the hands of government and the country's private citizens and companies.

The developing countries, including Nigeria, have, for decades, been facing
problems of foreign exchange reserves, especially those with which to purchase
equipment and employ technical skill from abroad. It is against this
backgroud that the search for an efficient and effective Management of the
country's foreign exchange reserves became frantic in 1982, when our economic
problems started unfolding due to dwindling foreign reserves.

From a peak of N3.7 billion in 1975, the country's foreign reservers fell
dramatically to Nl.1 billion and NO.8 billion in 1982 and. 1983 respectively.
Export earnings, which is the pinnacle of foreign exchange source, declined
from a level of N14,2 billion in 1980 to N8.7 billion in 1982 and 1983.

Planning

Consequently, imports, a major foreign exchange gobbler soared unabatedly.
From a level of N3.7 billion in 1978, it went up N13.2 billion in’ 1981 and
N12.6 billion in 1982. It is therefore good enough to say that managment of
the country's external reserves implies the optimum mobilisation and
allocation of foreign exchange resources with a target of achieving its set
objectives.

But to attain this, there has to be a plume line to review post-performance
since the future has to be planned to relate to what happened in the past so
as to correct whatever mistakes made and avoid similar mistakes in the future
planning.

28


creation of a totally inde-
pendent body, with rep-
Tesentation by all sporting
organisations,

An advisory committee |
constituted by govern- °
ment would advise the
Minister of National Edu-
cation on sports matters
and the existing Directo- ;
rate of Sport and Recrea-
tion Advancement would
be retained to assist the
Minister.

Inter-racial i

Referring briefly to. in- 4
ter-racial sporting _con-
tact, the Government said *
there was no “legal: im-
pediment” to.the use of
sports facilities by any
Person or group.. o

“The Government
places no specific impedi-
ments in the way of free
association of individuals
and groups in participat- |
ing in sport.” 2

School sport fell under 5

the control of the various
education —_ departments
and the political. office-
bearers concerned — and
not with the national
Sporting bodies — ‘the
‘statement said. — Sapa.

cso: 3400/1150

128



JPRS#SSA+85=096
8 October 1985

RENYA

BRIEFS

FOREIGN FUNDS DISAFFIRMED--Two weeks ago, the minister for planning and
national development, Dr. Robert Ouko, told a public gathering that large
amounts of money are being poured into Nyanza Province to divide local leaders
and that political squabbles in the province are being caused by leaders
serving the interests of outsiders. Ouko did not elaborate. This week,
Ouko's fellow minister from the province, the minister for agriculture and
livestock development, Mr. William Odongo Omamo, refuted Ouko's claim and said
that no foreign money was circulating in his Bondo constituency or anywhere
else in Luoland. Even though he did not refer directly to Ouko, there was no
doubt, about his target, for Omamo said that he had read the reports of
foreign money with utter astonishment and dismay. Some people, he said, were
introducing a new’ brand of divisive politics among the Luo community. Omamo
challenged “whoever” made the statement about money to name its source or
substantiate that it is being used to divide Nyanza leaders. Omamo's remarks
were similar to those made earlier by a former MP for Gem and an ex-detainee,
Mr. Wasongo Sijeyo. Soon after Ouko made the allegations, Sijeyo wrote him an
open letter charging that Ouko's statement would only introduce divisive
attitudes among the people in the province. He said that it was disturbing
for an experienced politician of Ouko's calibre always to speak about money
being used to divide Nyanza leaders without disclosing the source of that
money. Despite the criticism, Ouko has so far not made any attempts to either
substantiate or withdraw his statement and it would appear that the ball has
now been thrown back into his court. According to Omamo, Luo leaders were
working fully with the government and supporting President Mao to build a
united Kenya and anyone introducing new ideas aimed at dividing them should be
shunned. [Text] [Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 30 Aug 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/1214

12


Trade liberalisation can be expected to worsen Nigeria’s
balance of payments Position in the short-term, even if it
would yield salutary effect in the long-term. It is most likely
to worsen the nation’s current debt problem, and will make
more acute the current foreign exchange shortage since
foreign goods and services have to be paid for in foreign
currencies. Relaxing import controls will also discourage
local firms from looking inward for their raw materials,
given our acute Propensity to import. It should also be Ppoin-
ted out that it will contravene some of the strictures of our
indigenisation act.

The contention, therefore, is that, on balance, trade libera-
lisation would be better deferred to a period when the nation
has the necessary financial backbone to cushion the initial
losses, before a state of equilibrium is attained. The question,
of course, is to what extent the IMF would be amenable to
this type of logic.

The government has also balked at the Tequirement for the
withdrawal of petroleum subsidies, insisting that this will jack
up transportation costs, which will increase the Price of
goods and services, which will fuel inflation. However, there
can be no question that the long-term benefits of the removal
of petroleum subsidies, social and economic, far outweigh the
short-term costs.

Today, as Professor Aboyade observes, Nigeria is one of
the few countries in the world where it is cheaper to fill your
tank than to buy a chicken. The Petroleum subsidy is of such
magnitude that it is better to leave the oil in the ground, or
sell it as refined products abroad, instead of burning it in
internal combustion here at home in Private cars.

Heavy subsidy in Nigeria has had an adverse effect on the
development of public transportation by encouraging private
car ownership. Thus, its withdrawal will facilitate the establi-
shment of mass-transit transportation systems in our cities.
It will also ensure that our local industries will not be socia-
lised on cheap energy, which cannot last because oil is a
wasting asset. Higher domestic oil prices would, therefore,
encourage the substitution of oil for other energy resources,
The high subsidy granted for local oil consumption has acted
especially as a disincentive for commercial and industrial
enterprises to switch from oil to gas. And gas is another
commodity which we have in abundance, but much of which
is wastefully flared off at the moment.

On balance, given Nigeria’s urgent need to reschedule its
debts and to refinance its trade arrears, given the nation’s
shortage of investible capital, and given the long-term Tequire-
ments of the Nigerian €conomy for stability and growth, the
IMF loan is imperative. It will afford the nation a cushion
against the drop in its earnings, the Nigerian government will

56


JPRS#SSA+85+096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

OVERSEAS MEDIA BLITZ HURTS TOURISM INDUSTRY :
, Johannesburg THE SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 15 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Kerry Clarke and Angus MacMillan]

[Text] A devastating media blitz has frightened foreigners off South Africa's
tourist attractions. .

~ four operators’ estimate .

that there has been a 60% to

decline in the number of but we cannot advertise in

{hugh the sol rend fas  elgnrs: A night at the fives operates tno fights a week with front-page headlines
e iS eli at ive- wo a front-page hea

made SA one of the world’s star Sandton or Cape Sun between Johai and Tobfems.”

cheapest tourist destinations. costs an American about Amsterdam via Nait But - ~ Mr Stehlik Protea has

Michael von Kotze, incoming $41, compared with at least a spokesman si “Many offered accommodation

tour tative for the in a similar hotel in the Americans are tal fights -worth R150 000 towards the

Association of SA Travel US, ‘ only as far as Nail j effort of bringing out opinio:”

Agents, estimates the decline number we are tal oe ; Makers from the and
| Europe.

in tourism from the US at . hannesburg must be .
Safe place 60%.” Mr von Kotze says: “The

30%. Southern Sun marketing. _ SA Alrways has also felt a | Tourism Board is writing to
Otto Stehlik, managing di- director Bruce Hutchison sharp decline in passenger the conservative element and
rector of Protea Hotels & says individual travel has not numbers, It has rescheduled | we are in contact with travel-
Inns, says this estimate dropped too much, but group some flights to and from |'jers who have been here re-
might be conservative, If the tours are well down on last Ei and rationalised two "cently and are happy to give

present of tourism ¥ flights into one in some cases. rences. ill-

Bronalised ie tally af fore fe have had our sales Mala Maia Game Reserve, fay olce people who erecon

eigners could be 25000 to representatives out here to which draws more than 80% to SA tele:

30000 compared with about show them that SA is still a of its ellets from abroad, | phone to find out what

100 000 in 1984 — a decline of safe place to visit. Luckily, budgeted for a big knock this ‘it is really like.” .

10%. only about 410% of our bust- year, particularly in the US \ ?

ness comes: i ” .

Dirt cheep | Sonata Opinion” “seams Pe Pasa
seal ge 82, ral

aveiorelet tourists spend an times as much negative pub- pinion Hotel, Liquor and Catering

Heity in forel But sales manager Ian Association, says some hote-
holiday in Sh the 70% de as Topanos ets is obvious. Beauchamp says Bithough Hers are cutting rates to sul-
million fall in terms. ly going to deter visitors.” there have been - {eldal levels. Fedhasa pres!

SA Tourism Board figures fe knows of at least one’ tions, bookings for the R340- dent Stan Hoffman says the
show that 450000 tourists US tour operator who last day reserve are better than business climate has encour-

visited SA in 1984, but most 2" 200 and hoe ae
tour operators and hotles $0 Holidaymakars, to A Te Europeans are def Pore organization advises
dispute the figure. They say It fY<t stor’ the ee verse media coverage about its members to be as come
is Inaccurate because it in- (he past South Africa than the Ameri- ve. as possible in the
soeeee = | rs
rel ives, busi is ople . st ot
- and South Africans on foreign ' Nairobi, stop”: SA tour ns arch bigger: |Seiente on sales that will et
Passports. whichis well” Mr'von Kotoe. says: “No way than Indviduale, Some: / sure a healthy futare forthe
represented abroad, says in- matter how low the rand has mes half the rents tf Meiiesa says many hote-
. by. dropped, ig con go, so the tour is cancelled!’ liers are selling room occu-
about 30% on last year. sideration amongst forelgn -"" ive yon Kotze says the at below cost in the
{The cheap rand g made tourists TM” haw ‘grave industry. 1s vyerkin Rope ot generating adaonl
p KLM Royal Duteh Airlines ord to” stimulate Interest bar a Testaurant sales 28
abroad. an “equal .
SPithe ‘Tourism Board and’ Although the public will
SAA are bringing travel peo. benefit from price cuts in the
Ble out on TeRSSurane, De ster tal inirastrocture could”

cso: 3400/1218 125



cso:

Sanlam chairman Fred du Plessis

the South African motor
Prscicted, ihe, South At be reduced
to three major manufa If the

companies could not work it out
themselves, he said, the government
should intervene,

The Samcor merger not long after-

lustry was serious about the

situation. Through joint luction

and avoidance of wasteful overlap-

ping, the merger indicated, it was

possible ato run a viable motor opera-
ion 5

Industry officials and observers
alike see Alfa’s withdrawal as the
next stage of rationalisation.

Says MD Spencer Sterling:
“We confidently expect further
rationalisation developments in the
next 12 months.”

‘The question is: what form will the
next stage take and who will be in-
vol

ion has revolved
General Motors. Officials of
US parent are due to meet in

3400/1218

109

South Aiea s scouting ound fora
ica — a
potenial local buyer or festa Al-

tively, it is suggested it will
merge its manufacturing facilities
with Nissan, though companies
have denied this.

Old Mutual MD Mike Levell failed
to dim speculation that OM might be
a bidder for GM when he commented
pany at the Fishy saves right comm:

at the rij we would
Interested”

Renault’s French government-
owned parent is ly cuttin;

France at the weekend following
talks with management there and a
statement is expected this week on
the company’s re

ere ult to out land
would be in serious aitacuity: Bans
stony ing luction of its own

based company has

on Renault to keep i contract as-

sembly operation viable, while at the

trucks and bases hav ines el
ve

as the company hoped. Pro}



cso:

3400/1167

Major European and Japanese manu-
facturers use IBM architecture op-
erating systems. The extent of actu-
al-US control over sales by such
companies is debatable, however,
as there is mo clear definition as to
what percentage of a system is con-
stituted by either architecture. or
software.

The US electronics industry, which ~
has seen its share of the world mar-
ket decline rapidly in recent years,
is undoubtedly opposed to sanctions
and no doubt one reason that the
Reagan administration has pressed
the EEC and Japan to take similar
measures against South Africa is to
try to prevent other countries from

ling the technology vacuum.

This is not easy, however, as a grow-
ing number of countries have tech-

* nology to offer. In this regard
Pierre Greyvenstein, a director of ©
microcomputer Supplier Greydata,
said companies which have ensured
a various list of suppliers around
the world have little to fear from
sanctions or threats of disinvest-
ment.

“For the pst three years we have
sought to diversify our source of
supply to the extent that we really
do not have to worry. about US or
major European countries which
are bandying threats of boycotts,”

said.

: “We deal with people who are inter-

ested in generating commerce and
Who are not concerned with poli-
ics, Le

' Gre: venstein said his company,

* which last year had a turnover of
R24m, deals mainly with the Far
East and Germany.

+ “Japan, Taiwan and Korea have all

proved very reliable suppliers. Ger-
Many has shown no inclination to
join countries like Holland and
France and others in instituting
boycotts.

“Disk drives are now being made in

Singapore, while PCs, peripherals,
monitors and printers are bein
built throughout the East. South
Africa does not need the Yanks.”

111



Motor Components Sink to 34 Percent Capacity
(Don Robertson; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Sep 85).....eseeeeeeeceeee 117

Housing Controls Create Backlogs
(Alison Goldberg; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Sep 85)....eeeeseeeessee 118

M&R Profit Takes Dive
(Priscilla Whyte; BUSINESS DAY, 12 Sep 85)......ccceeeeeeee 120

Findings of ‘Marketing Plan for SA Economy' Reported
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 12 Sep 85)......eeeeeeeeeee 121

Older Jobless Reach Record High
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Sep [>

Hovercraft Operation Scheme Rejected
(THE ARGUS, 6 Sep 85)...ecccecccecececcecceecceeceecseucees 124

Overseas Media Blitz Hurts Tourism Industry
(Kerry Clarke, Angus MacMillan; THE SUNDAY TIMES,

15 Sep 85) .cecceccccccccccscccccvcccuvecvccuccveceececeees 125
Home Ownership Prime Objective Says Committee
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Sep 85)... .cccsccccecceccceceesvcseescees 126
Five Offer To Help Form Independent Sporting Body
(THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 85)....eccsccccccccccusceecceeceeveces 127
Briefs
Firestone Donation to Black Education 129
SADF Offices Open 129
No Solidarity-NPP Coalition Talks 129
Mixed Race Trains 129
Medical Researchers 130
Beltel To Go Commercial 130
Alfa Romeo To Leave 131
Investment Needed 131
Blacks Unhappy on White Farms 132
Job Shortage 132
Emigration Steps Up 132
Fruit Harvest 132
Ireland's Ban Upset 132
Austria Spurns Sanctions 133
TANZANIA
Briefs
Kawawa's Libyan Connection 134
Problems With Police 134
Road Link With Mozambique 134


IPRS“SSA4854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MORE PEOPLE LIVE IN SQUATTER CAMPS THAN IN TOWNSHIPS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Sep 85 p 17
{Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text]
Elizabeth and more than

cso:

Informal black settle- ;
ments which had
mushroomed around the
main cities now housed
more people than the for-
mally declared black
townships, Tucsa was told
yesterday.

This underlined the ur-
gent need to tackle the
housing problem to help
reduce tension leading to
unrest, Dr R Lee of the
Urban Foundation told the
3ist annual conference of
the Trade Union Council
of South Africa (Tucsa).

Among resolutions
adopted by Tucsa yester-
day were:

@An appeal to Govern-
ment to extend to all
South Africans the same
full freehold rights as
those enjoyed by certain
other racial groups. .

@A request that local
authorities should not
evict residents where the
breadwinner was unem-

3400/1174

ployed and that suitable
arrangements should be
made with tenants to
allow them to pay off rent
arrears once they became
employed again.

Dr Lee said frustration
at extremely poor living
conditions was an impor-
tant flashpoint for unrest
and it was vital that this
contributory factor be re-
moved as soon as possible.

He estimated there was
a shortage of about 700 000
homes for all races. About
561000 homes were need-
ed for blacks. Not enough

88

new houses were being

built to eliminate the cur-
rent backlog let alone
meet future needs.

Squatting on the out-
skirts of formal townships,
especially in homeland
areas abutting the main
cities, had become a fact
of life.

Already, said Dr Lee,
1,23 million people lived in
informal settlements on
the outskirts of Durban,
another half a million in
the Winterveldt bordering
the Witwatersrand, 100 000
in Soweto-on-Sea in Port

100000 lived in the shan-
ty town of Crossroads in
the Western Cape.

“The informal settle-
ments which have.
mushroomed round the
major metropolitan areas
now house more people
than the formal townships,

“They emphasise in.
highly visible reality the
grave extent of the cur-
rent housing crisis,” said
Dr Lee.

What the country need-
ed was a positive urban-
isation strategy designed
to manage urbanisation
rather than control it
through coercion.

The State should con-
tinue to provide mass
housing but there should
be increased reliance on
“self-help” housing, the
recognition of “controlled
squatting” as the only op-
tion for the very poor, and
the upgrading of township
“matchboxes” and back-
yard shacks, he said.


JPRS*SSA*85+096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

LAKE CHAD GRADUALLY REFILLING
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 19 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Abdullahi Idris]

[Text]

THE Lake Chad
which nearly dried
up this year because
of recurrent drought
in the last few years
is now gradually
refilling.

. The Head of Geography
Department, University
of Maiduguri, Professor
G.G.R. Thambyanpillay
currently involved in
studies on the Lake Chad
said, however, that the
fake should not be ex-
pected to rise to its peak
in one year.

A New Ngerian in-
vestigation on the lake
showed that the Chari-
Lagone river system, the
principal source of the
lake's water which flow
was reduced to a trickle
last year has resurged and
is flowing strongly. The
river system originates
from the Central African
Republic.

The General Manager of
the Chad Basin and Rural
Development Authority
Alhaji Bunu Sheriff Musa,
who confirmed this to the
New Nigerian, said though that
the Chari River was not yet
flowing as strongly as the
Lagone River.

33

He said persistent heavy
rainfall all over Borno State
and elsewhere had_reac-
tivated Rivers Yobe,
Yedssaram and “beji which
were the main source of water for
the lake within Nigeria.

The General Manager said
River Ngadda which flowed. only
for a week and dried up last year
had equally, flooded Jere bowl
and that the next stage was its
final journey into the lake basin.

“Our hopes have been raised
and we are watching the situation
closely”, he stated with guarded
optimism. Alhaji Bunu Sheriff
said he was in close touch with
the. Lake Chad Basin Commission
whicl mised to provide
him with ‘all data on rivers flow-
ing into'the lake to enable him
plan the scope of his activity this
year.

The Lake Chad which had
receded by about 80 and 60
kilometres from New Mante and
Baga respectively 1s now said to
be spreading very fast.

A Chadian officer of the
Nigerian/Chad joint patrol team
had said at Baga that he had
never seen the lake expand so
rapidly in the last 20 years.

The Lawan of Baga town told
the New Nigerian that his people
had started fishing and “true”
fish is now trickling into the Baga
area of the lake.

He, however, complained of
lack of transportation facilities.
The fishermen depended on
camels, he said, since not even a



JPRS#S$A=854096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

M&R PROFIT TAKES DIVE
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text] MURRAY & Roberts (M&R), the group

that has diversified away from construc-
tion, reports reduced earnings by 32,1%
to 165c a share for the year to end-June
as predicted in the interim report.
e final dividend has been cut to 40c
(re) making the total annual distribu-
ion 60c (7c).

At the interim stage M&R manage-
ment cautioned: “There will be a reduc-
tion of the order of 30% in attributable
earnings for the full financial year.”

Chief executive Bill Bramwell said
last night: “Our results are better than
most comparable groups. We have
maintained our position, The current
economic and political climate make
future predictions hazardous, but M&R
should maintain earnings at the current
level in the year ahead.”

Of the earnings of R43,2m, Bramwell
said contracting, international and engi-
neering had contributed 55% (39%), con-
struction-related supplies, roperties
and jalist services 12% ty ) and
at | and consumer products 33%
Turnover advanced 11,7% to R2,5bn.

3400/1167

120

Though operating profit margins came
under pressure and reduced to 45%

5,7%), operating profit was down onl;
Geel Bitaame y

Interest charges more than doubled to
R28,im (R12,0m), but the tax bill was
lower at R35,6m (R43,4m).

Expenditure on acquistions amounted
to R59,3m and borrowings increased
68% to R123,4m, which represents 40,3%
(25,8%) of equity. However, Bramwell
said the level of borrowings “was phe-
nomenally low in 1984 and at 40% in 1985
our gearing is reasonable”.

Long-term borrowings amounted
R65m (R65,1m) and short-term to
R58,4m (R8,4m). Group policy is to cover
forward foreign exchange risks.

Bramwell said further acquisitions
were always on the cards. M&R’s negoti-
ations with the creditors of Poole Indus-
tries, presently under provisional judici-
al management, “is in a state of limbo
and finalisation is well into the future”.

Poole is one of South Africa’s largest
manufacturers of truck bodies.


NAVY CHIEF SAYS NAVY MUST CUT COSTS TO SURVIVE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 85 p 15

[Text]

cso:

DURBAN. — Financial °
pressures facing the South -

African Navy were so sev-
ere that basic operating
costs would have to be re-

duced if the navy was to |
survive, the Chief of the

Navy, Vice-Admiral Glen
Syndercombe, said on
Wednesday.

Speaking during his _
first visit to Durban’s na-

val base since his appoint-
ment, he said:

“We ate rationalising |

force levels at the sea-
going end, by taking fuel
and manpower-intensive
vessels out of service as

well as. those which. are
obsolete or whose opera-
tion cannot be justified in
terms of what they do,”
he said.

. The Navy also intended
to dispose of all laid-up
vessels.

Changes, which Admi-
ral Syndercombe  de-
scribed as being absolute-
ly unavoidable, were de-
signed to make the Navy
“more streamlined and
cost-effective,” he said.

‘Commenting on the im-
portance of Durban Har-
bour, he said: “After
Melbourne, it is the big-
gest harbour in the South-
ern Hemisphere. There-

3400/1150

, fore the importance of

Durban as a harbour for.
South Africa cannot be
underestimated. _

“This big and modern
harbour is of the utmost
importance for the econ-
omy and progress of the
country. Ninety percent
of our overseas trade goes
by sea and, with the daily
increase in the present-
unrest and the threat_
against South Africa
taken into consideration,
this harbour is becoming
a more vulnerable tar-

get.” — Sapa.

95

JPRS#SSA*85~096
8 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



PARTICIPATION IN SHIPPING ON INCREASE
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 20 Aug 85 p 18
[Article by Nkem Anaekie]

[Text] AS Nigeria awaits a new shipping policy,

huge financial losses caused by too few

Nigerians being involved in the shipping
industry continue. In the past five years,
total freight charges in cargo traffic to and
from Nigeria, was 48.310 billion.

But only a paltry sum of N465 million accrued to
indigenous carriers. One major handicap facing
indigenous ships is the non-implementation of the
1975 UN Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD} code on national carriers.

According to this code, the national carrier ‘shall
have the carrying rights of at least 40 per cent of the
freight in revenue and volume of the total trade to and
from the country”. it also stipulates that the shipping
lines of the cargo’s country of origin shall have the
carrying right of 40 per cent of the freight in volume and
value. The 1975 Geneva UNCTAD code was later
‘strengthened by the Manila Declaration of 1977, which
tecognised the right of Third World countries to
participate effectively in international shipping.

Another problem facing indigenous shipping is the
number of merchant ships at its disposal. According to
the NPA, indigenous lines between 1979 and 1983
competed with only twenty-six ships, while the cargo
which passed through the nation’s six premier ports of
Apapa, Tin Can Island, Calabar, Port-Harcourt, Warri
and Sapele, averaged 14 million tonnes yearly.

Recently, the number of merchant ships owned by
indigenous lines went down further. The 24 ship fleet
acquired by the Nigerian National Shipping Line
(NNSL),° the national carrier for 4176 million, was
reduced to 20 vessels, owing to operational difficulties,
including lack of patronage by governmer® and private
importers. Other indigenous shipping lines are also
handicapped -by lack of vessels, and consequently,
Operate mainly charter contracts with foreign ship-
owners.

Due to the relative lack of patronage of indigenous
carriers by government and the private sectors, it is not
certain what role-the NNSL will play in counter-trade
agreements the government has with such countries as

36

JIPRS“SSA*85=096
8 October 1985

NIGERIA

Brazil, Italy and France. The Public Relations Manager
of the NNSL, Mr. Willy Nwokedi, said that the compnay
was enquiring from the Ministry of National Planning to
‘ascertain what role the shipping line would play.

The lack of an effective national shipping policy has
hindered the effective participation of Nigerian shipping
lines in sea-borne trade. The first attempt by the last
civilian administration to evolve a new national shipping
policy, by setting up a committee to advise the govern-
‘ment, has so far not leapt off the berth.

Another committee constituted by the present admi-
fistration in April last year has concluded its sittings,
but a government white paper on its recommendations
is still being awaited.

it is hoped that the new shipping policy will
encourage ship-building in the country and will also

increase the lifting of sea-borne cargo. A new shipping
policy may help in narrowing the imbalance in
international trade between Nigeria and the mare
developed countries, thereby generating more foreign
exchange, more employment opportunities and
Providing greater impetus to indigenous shipper

Another advantage of a new shipping ‘policy is that
payment of freight rates in respect of port services such
as mooring, bunkering, pilotage and demurrage will be
made in foreign currency, in accordance with interna-
tional practice. .

, Although the present administration has adopted
some of these measures, monthly reports from the
Central Bank do not yet indicate whether payment of
freight rates ‘in foreign currency by merchant ships
carrying cargo to the country have begun. According to
the Chairman of the newly inaugurated African
Continental Lines Limited, Chief M. K. 0. Abiola,
Nigeria is one of the few countries in the world where
port services are still paid in local currency.

On the other hand, the scarcity of indigenous
merchant ships will be minimised if the pian by the
NNSL to acquire about 30 new vessels within the next
five years at a cost of N600 million, is approved by the
government. In addition, the carrying capacity of the
other indigenous lines will be given a boost when the
two merchant vessels recently ordered by the African
Continental Line Limited begins operation in

rr. .