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JPRS 84040

3 'August 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No, 2828

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

CHAD

CONGO

Ten Million Africans May Starve This Winter

(THE STAR, 7 Jul 83)

LE MONDE Correspondent Reports on Chad Situation

(Dominique Dhombres; LE MONDE, 12 Jul 83) .

Paris Radio Correspondent on Situation in Country

(Paris International Service, 17 Jul 83) ..

Details of Soviet Cooperation Noted

(A. B. M'bika; MWETI, 6 Jun 83) 7

Briefs

New Elf-Congo Project 9

Coastal Patrol Boats Delivered 9

GABON

Briefs

MAURITIUS

Iron, Steel Plant Construction 10

USSR Offers 80 Scholarship Grants

(LE MAURICIEN, 5 May 83) 11

Briefs

Agreement With PRC Signed 13

Sugar Output 13

-a - [III - NE & A - 120]
MOZAMBIQUE

Lisbon Paper Analyzes Reasons for Cabinet Reshuffle

(TEMPO, 2 Jim 83) 14

Changes in Government Structure Analyzed by Lisbon Paper

(Carlos Cardoso; 0 JORNAL, 2 Jun 83) 16

Cooperation With French Institution Proceeding

(NOTICIAS, 15 Jun 83) 19

Maputo Overpopulation Due to Rural Migration

(Marcelino Silva; NOTICIAS, 2 Jun 83) 20

Oil Drilling To Begin at Cabo Delgado

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jun 83) 22

Briefs

France Donates Wheat 24

Restrictions on Imported Cars 24

Technical-Scientific Cooperation With Hungary 24

Soviet Agreement in Education 25

Mandela's Release Declaration Signed 25

Maputo's 'Unproductive' to Naissa Centers 25

Students Leave for Cuba 25

NIGER

Briefs

Japanese Loan 26

NIGERIA

President Assesses Success of Civilian Administration

(Nakan Abba Dabo; NEW NIGERIAN, 26, 27 Jun 83) 27

SOUTH AFRICA

Massive Increase in Broken Water Mains Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 34

Planning for Future Droughts Advocated

(Lawrie Bedford; THE STAR, 2 Jul 83) 36

Briefs

Checkers Strike 37

AECI Paints Workers Fired 37

ANC Pistol Owner Sentenced 37

Sabra Membership Rejected 38

Meat Imports From Zimbabwe 38

Schools Boycott Blacks Jailed 38

- b -
Urban Foundation Fund 39

Saudis Issue Hadji Visas 39

Experts at Technicom Congress 39

Oil Shipments Row 39

Lanseria Facelift 40

National Security Policy Needed 40

Dangers of Militarism 40

Munsieville Removal Cost 41

Coal Sales 41

Magnum Air Route 42

Sasol Out of Soekor 42

Lid Books 42

Unbanned Leaders Dismiss 'Reforms' 43

Few English Policewomen 43

Azasm Meeting 44

Frost Delays Pongola Crops 44

Water Supply Plans 44

ZIMBABWE

Assembly Approves $8 Million Defense Budget Raise

(THE CHRONICLE, 30 Jun 83) 45

Minister Moven Mahachi Speaks on Resettlement Program

(THE CHRONICLE, 23 Jun 83) 47

Zapu Leader Chinamano Pledges Government Support

(THE HERALD, 4 Jul 83) 48

Power Project at Hwange Falls Behind Schedule

(THE HERALD, 5 Jul 83) 49

Price of Power Rises by Up to 53 Percent

(THE HERALD, 2 Jul 83) 50

Co-Ops Get Radios and TV's From Yugoslavia

(THE HERALD, 28 Jun 83) 51

Labor Minister Says Country Needs $120 Million for Drought Aid

(THE HERALD, 21 Jun 83) 52

Industrial Decentralization Policy Planned

(THE CHRONICLE, 30 Jun 83) 53

Botswana Rail Takeover Will Be Gradual

(THE CHRONICLE, 23 Jun 83) 54

Agriculture Gets Top Priority

(THE CHRONICLE, 22 Jun 83) 55

c -
Briefs

Sweden Signs $32M Deals 56

Drought Aid Political Pressure Attacked 56

Dissidents Attack Resettlement Villages 57

Mugabe Hailed in Matabeleland 57

Lack of Grazing Hurts Cattle 58

Abattoirs' Renovations 58

Cost of Living Goes Up 58

Credit Redirected to Production 58

EEC Food Aid 59

- d -
TEN MILLION AFRICANS MAY STARVE THIS WINTER

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 83 p 1

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

[Text]

BULÄWAYÖ - At least 10

million people in five Southern African countries will

need emergency food aid if

they are to survive the winter.

This figure, which does not

include South Africa or the

independant homelands, has

been calculated by officials

in Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland.

And the feeling among relief

workers is that it is, if anything,

conservative.

One of the worst-hit countries

is Zimbabwe where the drought

has been described as the "biggest single national disaster of

the century".

A merchant bank which carried out a nationwide survey

said the hardships suffered during the war years would be

"small in comparison to the suffering to come".

Agricultural officials estimate that several hundred thousand cattle will be lost, forcing

many farmers out of business.

In a massive rescue operation, 270 000 cattle are being

railed from Matabeleland to

Mashonaland at an estimated

cost of R60 million.

Game rescue

A game rescue operation has

been mounted in the south-east

to save herds of sable antelopes

and white rhinos.

But in the parched game reserves of Hwange and Gona-reZhou, 6 000 elephants and several hundred hippos will have to

be culled.

Estimates of the number of

people, mainly subsistence

farmers, who will have to be fed

by the Government, vary from

three to five million out of Zimbabwe's total population of 7,5

million.

The normally prolific maize

harvest will be only 600 000 tons,

400 000 tons short of what is

needed to feed the nation. But

stockpiies from previous years

are expected to make up the

shortfall.

Neighbouring Mozambique

has no such surplus to cushion

the tragedy in its rural areas.

At special briefings government Ministers have pleaded

with Maputo-based diplomats

for massive amounts of aid to

save about four million people

from starvation.

Mozambican officials sav the

drought is the worst in "their

country's history and, if the

rains do not come in October

the country will be in "very serious trouble".

In Botswana about half the

population of about one million

are already receiving emergency food rations while thousands

of cattle are being slaughtered

before they die of starvation or

thirst.

Food is being distributed to

430 000 villagers in Lesotho,

about a third of the kingdom's

population.

Early this year the Prime

Minister, Chief Leabua Jonath

an, appealed to the international

community for help.

But he was astute enough to

wait until Taiwan had shipped

1 000 tons of white maize before

establishing diplomatic relations with the rival Red Chinese.

Food programme

The World Food Programme

plans to distribute nearly 4 500

tons of emergency food to

108 000 Swazis over the next two

months.

Taiwan bought nearly 1000

tons of maize, worth more than

Rl million, from South Africa as

a gift for Swaziland.

Ironically, the worst drought

in Namibia this century has

begun to ease after unusually

good rains in the central and

eastern parts - but the southern and western parts are still

suffering.

Elephants are being culled

and zebras relocated in the

drought-stricken Etosha Game

Reserve.

The Namibian Red Cross h

conducting a feeding ••.che.n<? fe.-

schoolchildren in Kaoic ?' - ad.

CSO: 5000/211
CHAD

LE MONDE CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON CHAD SITUATION

PM180932 Paris LE MONDE in French 12 Jul 83 p 3

[Dispatch by Dominique Dhombres: "Ndjamena Maintains That Its Forces

'Have Resumed the Initiative in Abeche"1—first paragraph is editorial

introduction]

[Excerpt] The Chadian authorities have imposed censorship on the press

as from Sunday 10 July. Our special envoy was able to send the following

article before the implementation of that unjustifiable measure which is

not likely to facilitate the international help for the Ndjamena government

which is being demanded so insistently.

Ndjamena—On the ferry across the Chari linking Ndjamena to the Cameroonian

border city of Kousseri, heavy trucks bearing the UN emblem rocked dangerously.

The various UN organizations, especially UNICEF, are transferring their

equipment and archives to Cameroon. The Medecins Sans Frontieres team has

also withdrawn some of its equipment to Kousseri so as to be able to help

the refugees who will flood onto the Cameroonian side of the river should

Ndjamena be attacked.

When evening falls many people listen to Bardai radio, the former President

Goukouni's radio station. "The National Liberation Army is determined to

sweep all before it, do not behave in a suicidal way," the station

constantly repeats, addressing President Hissein Habre's soldiers. It

seems that the regular forces, after withdrawing from Abeche, have established a defense line in Oum Hadjer, situated around 610 km east of

Ndjamena and 146 km west of Abeche. The squadron of 12 jeeps equipped

with 106 [presumably milimeter] recoilless guns, supplied by France, is

in Oum Hadjer. To hold this key to the road to the capital the government

troops also have 81mm mortars with a range of 4 to 5 km and other 120mm

mortars capable of firing more than 10 km.

Have the Renault trucks supplied by Paris and sent to Ndjamena airport on

Saturday by the British Heavy Lift freight company, already reached there?

And what about the 12 light armored cars also sent by Paris? Whatever the

answer, troops equipped with new equipment supplied by France are to be

engaged for the first time. Indeed the length of the communication lines

and the poor transport facilities had hitherto prevented its use. The

rainy season which began a little earlier than usual is hindering the
fighting but is not an insurmountable obstacle for the all-purpose vehicles

which can use the dirt road leading to Oum Hadjer. This is also true, of

course, for the enemy forces.

Oum Hadjer is of sentimental importance to Mr Hissein Habre. It is the

most southernly point of passage for the shepherds and flocks of the

Anakassa tribe to which the Chadian president belongs.

A Tense Atmosphere

The Ndjamena authorities are still refusing to admit that Abeche is in the

hands of Mr Goukouni's soldiers. The national radio stated on Sunday that

the armed,forces had "resumed the initiative" in the morning and that

"very fierce fighting" was taking place in Abeche and in Biltine, the latter

being situated around 100 km north of the former. The official radio

did not report, as Mr Ahmad Allami, Chadian charge d'affaires in Paris,

did, the "recapture" of Abeche, for the simple reason that it had never

announced withdrawal from it.

CSO: 3419/1065
CHAD

PARIS RADIO CORRESPONDENT ON SITUATION IN COUNTRY

LD172132 Paris International Service in French 1200 GMT 17 Jul 83

[Excerpts] Chad has experienced a spectacular change of situation, on

the military plane at least. Last Sunday, everybody was wondering who was

really holding the key-town of Abeche and whether Goukouni Oueddei was

going to threaten Ndjamena, the symbolic town for the legitimacy of power,

or not. Today everybody talks about the possible progression of the

government forces towards Largeau, the provisional capital of the Transitional National Union Government [GUNT] rebel forces. We have our permanent

correspondent in Ndjamena on line. So Eduard Dor, a few brief words,

how did we get to this stage, this is rather spectacular, to say the

least:

[Dor] Indeed, the week which has just ended has been marked by a reversal

of situation. At my arrival in Ndjamena, on Monday, tension was obvious.

Goukouni Oueddei's forces had just captured Abeche, the symbolic town of

Chad and Hissein Habre's stronghold. Everybody was wondering then now

far Goukouni's troops would go and why the government forces were not using

the military equipment just delivered to them: Questions, to which answers

were quickly found, since the national armed forces captured Oum Chalouba,

an important trail crossing 260 km north of Abeche, thus cutting enemy

troops from their rear bases before retaking Abeche in the afternoon,

following a brief fight. Then, the governmental counteroffensive, personally

led by President Habre, headed north. Now, Habre's forces have regained

control of the eastern part of the country.

[Announcer] On the GUNT and Chadian National Armed Forces [FANT] sides,

many explanations are given, as you can imagine; the contradictory aspects

of these explanations will be no surprise to you either. First, with you

Eduard Dor, let us try to see more clearly, according to you, how one can

explain that fate suddenly smiled on Hissein Habre:

[Dor] Well, I think there are two main causes: The first one is probably

that Goukouni's forces went down too quickly without ensuring supplies of

fuel and ammunition, which led them to Abeche without being able to get

the necessary equipment for their advance.
The second cause, the counteroffensive led by government forces which payed

off, first on the tactical plane, through the control of Oum Chalouba,

which enabled the FANT to take the opposing troops from the rear, and,

in any case, cut out any possibility of resupply by land. Then came the

arrival, on the government side, of armaments supplied a few days ago in

Ndjamena to the front, and in particular light French armored cars which

contributed to Abeche's fall.

[Announcer] Daniel Desesquel, you were on the other side of the front

line, on the side of Goukouni Oueddei's partisans in Largeau. How do you

explain the turnabout?

[Desesquel] What happened, how one can understand this change in the

situation from 11 July? There might be three important reasons. First,

a very quick advance by the GUNT, as you said. Within a few days, they

went from Largeau to Abeche; and such a rapid advance was perhaps too rapid.

Abeche is 600 km away from Largeau, which is 1,500 km away from Seb'ah,

which is in Libya. Seb'ah is the rear base of the GUNT. This is where

provisions, ammunition are dispatched from. So, there are nearly 2,600 km

between Seb'ah and Abeche. So the dispatching of ammunition boxes from

Seb'ah to Abeche takes a long time. And the extension of the front line

might explain the change in the situation.

Eduard Dor, as you are still on the line, I would like to ask you a last

question. You know Chad well, we have heard everything which has been said.

What is going to happen tomorrow?

[Dor] It is very difficult to reply to that question at the current time.

It is, however, probable that the government forces are going to pursue

their counteroffensive and to regroup in order to attack Largeau—that

may take several weeks, all the more so since it is necessary for the

national army to ensure a logistic base in the rear sufficient to supply

the front regularly with fuel and weapons, among other things. This being

said, Largeau will be strongly defended since it would appear that Goukouni

Oueddei has 3,000 soldiers at his disposal there. Finally, (?it would be

interesting) to know what the intentions of Colonel al-Qadhdhafi are; will

he decide to give Goukouni the necessary means to launch a new offensive

operation, or will he wait for more favorable circumstances? One can anyway

ask the question—why did the Libyan leader not give the help which

Goukouni Oueddei's troops could have expected when they were in Abeche at

the beginning of the week?

President Hissein Habre spoke about the future of this conflict, and consequently of Chad itself, on the French television yesterday in the afternoon.

Let us listen to him:

[Begin Habre recording] Well, I cannot read the future but anyway we are

decided to do our best in order to restore peace in that country, in order

to stop our foreign enemies who are trying at all costs to occupy a part

of our territory, who encourage hotbeds of war and destabilization. We

have always said that this country, this people, who have endured nearly
18 years of war need peace, need to be able to devote themselves to other

things and not continue war. We need support. You have, thank God seen

the equipment at the disposal of the enemy. As a result the war needs a

very great deal of resources and we shall continue to ask our friends,

African, French, and others, to support us in our just and legitimate

struggle. [End recording]

[Announcer] As for the president of the GUNT, Goukouni Oueddei, he did not

stay silent either. He has also spoken of the future as he sees it, without

Hissein Habre of course. His goal is clear; it is to fight a revolution,

and not only in Chad. And he says that he is not short of friends to

help him in it.

[Begin Goukouni Oueddei recording] Our goal is (?to have) a revolutionary

Chad, determined not only to free itself as Chadian people but to liberate

the African continent as a whole. Not to destabilize any countries, but to

fight so that Africa becomes completely free. The GUNT has many friends.

You must certainly have noted that at the time of the Tripoli summit which

was aborted on two occasions—there may have been a slight change at Addis

Ababa. In order to save the OAU certain countries adopted the position they

did. That does not worry us; we know their strategy. So, we are helped

in some way by several friendly African countries which are determined to

help us, including Libya. [End recording]

[Announcer]? Daniel Desesquel, you recorded that statement by President

Goukouni in Largeau: You have said yourself that you have only seen

30 square kilometers of Chad but all the same what picture will you retain

of that bloody corner as well as the rest of the country, now that you are

back in Paris?

[Desesquel] A picture of desolation, a picture of desolation in a country

which is very beautiful.

CSO: 3419/1065
CONGO

DETAILS OF SOVIET COOPERATION NOTED

Brazzaville MWETI in Frenph 6 Jun 83 p 2

[Article by A.B. M'bika: "Presentation of Supplies"]

[Text] A large quantity of supplies, a gift from the USSR Central Union of

Cooperatives to Congolese cooperative members, was turned over officially on

Saturday at the rural engineers compound at M'pila. The supplies, 800 blankets,

400 folding beds, and 80 bicycles, were presented to Comrade Jean Michel Bokamba

Yangouma, member of the Political Bureau, head of the organization department

of the Congolese Labor Party, and secretary general of the Congolese Trade

Union Confederation (CSC), by His Excellency Vladimir Lobachov, Soviet ambassador to the People's Republic of the Congo [PRC], in the presence of Minister of

Agriculture and Livestock Marius Mouambenga.

This very substantial gift reflects the commitment of the political leadership

and the people of the USSR to the principle of international proletarianism.

The traditional, fruitful cooperation between the members of cooperatives of the

USSR and of the PRC contributes to the strengthening of the friendship between

the two peoples, to Soviet-Congolese contacts at the level of mass organizations,

and to implementation of the agrarian policy of the Congolese Labor Party and

the Congolese Government.

This cooperation takes the specific forms of training of Congolese cadres in

Soviet higher educational institutions, occupational training of members of the

Congolese cooperative movement, granting of material assistance, and exchanges

of delegations.

It should also be pointed out that this year the Soviet side has awarded 10

grants to Congolese cooperative members for study at the Moscow cooperative

institute and two study grants for higher educational institutions.

Thus, this action by the Soviet cooperative members confirms once again the ties

between the workers of the two countries. Also, this aid will be beneficial

and useful in the daily work of the Congolese cooperative members, who are

also supported by the considerable ongoing efforts by the party and state to

improve the conditions of life and work in the cooperatives. Evidence of this

is the experience of Lekoumou and Cuvette regions, which are regarded as pilot

areas.
In his speech on the occasion, Comrade Bokamba Yangouma, on behalf of the political leadership, said that "it is with this perspective of agricultural de-:',

velopment, proclaimed to be the 'priority among priorities' in our country,

that our party has worked hard on organization of the peasantry and establishment of a strong national union of cooperative members in the Congo."

He continued: By this act of solidarity, Centrosoyuz shows the determination

of the Soviet leadership to implement by actions the objective announced by the

socialist countries at the 27th congress of the international cooperative

alliance in Moscow to provide unconditional support to the developing countries,

particularly to the peasantry of those countries.

In final analysis, our country's young cooperative movement has always enjoyed

the active support of the Soviet cooperative members, and benefits greatly from

their rich and long experience in this field.

9920

CSO: 3419/1014
CONGO

BRIEFS

NEW ELF-CONGO PROJECT—Brazzaville, 8 June—The ELF-Congo Company, which produces Congo's oil, is to undertake a new project called "Emerald Steam." This

project, whose investment cost will reach 25 billion, will enable the use of a

new technology for slanted drilling, selective capping of a series, pumping from

wells that are not straight, and production of steam in offshore conditions^

(at open sea depths). M Quentin, head of the company's operations division,

said: This project enables us to prepare for the future. He added: It is a

major first in the world among techniques to improve yield and extend the life

of sea oilfields at more than 65 meters in depth. Using steam in wells has

already been practiced, certainly, in the United States, Canada, and Vietnam,

but not previously at sea. Although it was a very difficult venture, given

the current unfavorable situation, ELF-Congo Company took measures to get

around the technical and material difficulties that it has so often encountered

in the other fields, such as Yanga, Likouala and Seindji, currently the key

areas for Congo's oil production. The official launching of this project took

place on 4 June at ELF-Congo's industrial center at Pointe-Noire. The actual

injection of steam will begin in June 1984. (ACI) [Text] [Brazzaville BULLETIN

QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 8 Jun 83 p 3] 9920

COASTAL PATROL BOATS DELIVERED—Pointe-Noire, 9 June—The national navy received

three coastal patrol boats yesterday at an official ceremony in the economic

capital. Presiding was Raymond-Damase Ngolo, member of the Political Bureau,

minister delegate to the presidency in charge of defense, and chairman of the

permanent committee on the army. On this occasion, honorary and congratulatory

diplomas were awarded to several naval officers for their devotion and commitment in "the carrying out of revolutionary actions." Raymond-Damase Ngolo said

on the occasion that the acquisition of the three patrol boats "is part of the

modernization of capabilities of our national navy, whose performance must be

continually improved to meet the demands of modern warfare." The minister delegate in charge of defense added that as part of the 5-year plan the national

navy will acquire "significant equipment that will enable it to operate more

effectively in guarding the coast and defending the national waters." Commander

of the Navy Jean-Felix Ongouya stressed that this new naval equipment is "proof

of the special attention that our commander in chief (the president of the

Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party) is devoting to the qualitative

and Quantitative development of the National People's Army." (ACI) [Excerpt]

[Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 6 Jun 83 p 4] 9920

CSO: 3419/1014
GABON

BRIEFS

IRON, STEEL PLANT CONSTRUCTION—Libreville, 10 June—Gabon will acquire a steel

complex inthecoming months, the Libreville daily L'UNION reported on Wednesday,

quoting Pascal Nze, the Gabonese minister of planning and development, following

discussions with Arab and Western financiers and bankers involved in financing

the project. The Gabon Steel Corporation (SAGASIDER), whose installations will

be constructed at Owendo (Libreville's southern suburb), will have an authorized

capital of 1 billion CFA francs, and 67 percent of the shares will be held by

the Gabon state. The project will be carried out in three stages: the first

will be installation of a rolling mill, financed jointly by the Arab Bank for

Economic Development in Africa (1.9 billion CFA francs), the Development Bank

of the Central African States (600 million CFA francs), and Credit Commercial of France (360 million CFA francs). The second stage, involving manufacture of products such as nails, bolts, bars, etc, will include construction of

an electric furnace that will process recovered scrap from the Belinga iron

deposit (estimated at 450 million tons). Gabonese officials stress the importance of this project, which is part of the "post-petroleum" strategy. For the

past 3 years, Gabonese crude oil production has been showing a significant decline, from 11 to 7.7 million tons per year. (ACI) [Text] [Brazzaville

BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 10 Jun 83 p ES 1] 9920

CSO: 3419/1014

10
MAURITIUS

USSR OFFERS 80 SCHOLARSHIP GRANTS

Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 5 May 83 pp 1, 4

[Text] Under the terms of the new program of activities concerning cultural

and scientific cooperation initialed yesterday within the context of the

Soviet-Mauritian Accord signed in September 1969, the Soviet Union will offer

80 scholarship grants to Mauritians for the 1983-84 period and will organize a

week of Soviet films as well as a sales-exposition of Soviet books, periodicals,

records and stamps, while Mauritius will send a troupe of musicians and dancers

to the USSR.

The new program of acitivties signed yesterday by Mr A. Pankov, the Russian

ambassador to Mauritius, and the Mauritian minister of foreign affairs, Mr Anil

Gayan, likewise foresees reciprocal exchanges of scientists between the two

countries, as well as radio and television program exchanges focusing on aspects

of life in the two nations. More intensive cooperation in the fields of physical training and sports is likewise foreseen in this program.

The minister of foreign affairs stated yesterday that this program of activities

should end up giving a better understanding of the way of life in the two countries and "a new type of relationship." For Mr Pankov, this program aims to

give "unselfish aid" to Mauritius for the training of specialists in several

fields, for the development of Mauritius in the fields of culture, science and

sports, as well as for a wide-ranging exchange of cultural and spiritual values

"which will mutually enrich the Mauritian and Soviet peoples."

The Soviet ambassador recalled that this new program of activities is not the

first worked out by the two governments. He emphasized, however, that this

1983-84 plan is the result of discussions held in Moscow in December 1982 by the

prime minister of Mauritius, Mr Aneerood Jugnauth, who was visiting the USSR

on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of that country.

"We greatly appreciate the role that your country (the USSR) is playing in the

advancement and progress of developing countries," Mr Gayan stated in his

speech yesterday for the benefit of the Soviet ambassador. The Mauritian minister said, "Our cooperation goes beyond this document" (of ratification of the

1983-84 plan), adding, "We are both interested in peace and detente in the

world, in disarmament and in limiting the arms race, in decolonization and

self-determination. These questions had a rightful place during the visit

of the (Mauritian) prime minister to the USSR in December—a visit that can be

11
considered as the beginning of a new stage in the cooperative effort between

the two countries. The foundations were laid for the consolidation of bilateral

relations which should mutually benefit the Soviet and Mauritian people."

Under the terms of the USSR-Mauritius agreement bearing on cultural and scientific cooperation and signed in September 1969, the signing of a program of

activities like the one signed yesterday is foreseen every two years.

9895

CSO: 3419/1047

12
MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

AGREEMENT WITH PRC SIGNED—An official communique issued yesterday by the

Ministry of Information indicates that yesterday in Peking, the prime minister

of Mauritius, Mr Aneerood Jugnauth, signed three draft treaties bearing on

economic, commercial and technical cooperation, cultural exchanges and the mixed

Sino-Mauritian commission. The three draft treaties are concerned with what

'Le Mauricien' announced yesterday, namely: the confirmation of the no-interest

230 million rupee Chinese loan earmarked for expanding and modernizing Plaisance

airport; the creation of a mixed Sino-Mauritian commission; the sending of

Chinese agricultural experts to Mauritius; the training of Mauritian doctors in

China at the Peking government's expense; and gifts of Chinese equipment for the

Indian Ocean Island Games to be held in Mauritius in 1985. The signing of

these three draft treaties follows the three hours of talks that the Mauritian

delegation held at the end of the week with the Chinese prime minister, Mr

Zhao Ziyang. These talks were followed by more detailed discussions among

Ministers A. Gayan and K. Deerpalsingh, and Mr Lu Yue Jian, Chinese minister

for economic relations and overseas trade, and Mr Wen Yezhan, Chinese viceminister of foreign affairs, as well as other officials of the Peking government. [Text] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 24 May 83 p 4] 9895

SUGAR OUTPUT—In the sugar industry milieux, it is anxiously estimated that the

sugar harvest this year will have trouble reaching 600,000 tons. This appreciable drop in yield is mainly due to the drought that has severely affected some

parts of the island, notably the eastern region and those in the north and west.

In the wet or super-wet regions, it is noted that the sprouting rate of sugar

cane is quite encouraging. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French

6 May 83 p 1] 9895

CSO: 3419/1047

13
MOZAMBIQUE

LISBON PAPER ANALYZES REASONS FOR CABINET RESHUFFLE

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 2 Jun 83 p 19

/Text/ The recent radical reshuffle of the government of Mozambique leads

African affairs political observers to conclude that Samora Machel continues

to be the strongman of the regime; a position, moreover, that he comes by as a

result of the great prestige that he enjoys among the people, not only because

of his dynamic action but also because of the courageous way in which he has

denounced wrongdoing that has occurred within the government as well as in the

party itself.

Well-placed observers are of the opinion that control of the defense portfolio

by the chief of state is intended basically to abort any fancies of a coup

d'etat, as was believed quite recently, especially after his energetic action

in the "Veloso scandal," to which the foreign press devoted much space.

Machel, who at the time had commitments to visit some foreign countries, found

it wise to await a better opportunity, to remove from the centers of power and

decision men such as General Alberto Chipande, Marcelino dos Santos and Jacinto

Veloso, among others, who did not view the president's actions favorably and

were preparing to oust him from the presidency of FRELIMO and the office of

chief of state, positions that, from every indication, he has been exercising

with the applause of the majority of the people.

Some voices disagreeing with the policies of the regime, which were heard in

the last congress, especially from the representatives of the provinces, were

the touchstone for that "shakeup" in the government and within the party,

considered the most radical since Mozambican independence.

Marcelino dos Santos, the old Number 2 man in the regime, has just been removed

from the center of power and placed in the worst region of the country—Sofala—

where the Mozambican National Resistance has caused great destruction and carried

out intense guerrilla action. Machel kills two birds with one stone: removing

him from power and placing him in a particularly difficult area, naturally to

"burn" him, especially since Marcelino dos Santos does not have much prestige

in the military arts.

Another removal that has the flavor of punishment is that of the defense

minister, Alberto Chipanda, to the province of Cabo Delgado, about 2,000

kilometers from the capital. A veritable exile.

1U
The removal of Jacinto Veloso from the responsibilities of Security appears

to confirm the "Veloso report scandal." However, Machel did not fail to take

into "consideration" the fact that the minister has in his possession documents

highly compromising to high-level officials of the government, which made his

complete removal inadvisable. The satisfaction to "quiet" him was to change him

to economic affairs, an area in which he is not knowledgeable and outside of his

competence but is a position with great difficulties due to the disastrous

conditions of the Mozambican economy, recognized by the president himself.

The placing of Armando Guebuza, a hardliner and ery loyal to Samora Machel,

in Interior, is seen as a way of the old provincial commissioner of Beira being

able to control the internal revolt alongside another "loyalist" to Samora,

Mariano Matsinhe, thus giving Machel the "due protection" and the necessary

tranquillity for someone who bears on his shoulders the responsibility of

governing a country such as Mozambique, really lacking an iron wrist that will

set the country on the road of progress and development.

Another not less spectacular change, but strangely enough less commented on,

is that of the removal of the party ideologue, Sergio Vieira, who leaves the

central government and is exiled to the government of Niassa, a province in the

far northwest, without any significance in the context of domestic politics.

It is natural that, with this reshuffle (Mozambique will have 20 ministers,

8 vice ministers and 18 secretaries of state), the reorganization of the state

apparatus already underway is going to proceed at the level of the national

directorates and provincial governments.

8711

CSO: 3442/261

15
MOZAMBIQUE

CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE ANALYZED BY LISBON PAPER

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 2 Jun 83 p 30

/Article by Carlos Cardoso in Maputo/

/Text/ A communique from the presidency of the republic last Saturday announced

an extensive government reshuffle aimed at responding to the priorities defined

recently by the First FRELIMO Congress: "The Defense of the Fatherland," and

"The Struggle Against Hunger."

As a backdrop for the reshuffle there is the war situation, the international

economic crisis and the devastating effects of the drought, and the criticism

made by many thousands of citizens during what was the most intensive process

of popular consultation since independence: the study of the theses of the

fourth congress during the months that preceded its holding.

There are three main characteristics in the reshuffle: the centralization of

command in the military and economic spheres, decentralization with regard to

the government structure and placement of cadres, and particular attention to

intersector coordination. A careful assessment of the reshuffle permits us to

reject the simplistic description of promotion-demotion.

The "centralization of command" facet appears in the fact that Samora Machel

personally assumed the Ministry of Defense. This is the formalization of a

measure already taken in practice. For several months, the Mozambican president

has been personally conducting a number of changes in the armed forces that will

equip them better for the military, political and cultural specifics of the

struggle against "armed banditry," which the Mozambican leaders describe as a

"new phenomenon" in the panorama of conflicts in Africa, in the context of an

"undeclared war" of the South African regime against Mozambique and other Front

Line count ri es.

The centralization also appears in the creation of a ministry for economic

affairs in the presidency, headed by Jacinto Veloso, former security minister.

Decentralization

In terms of affecting cadres, the decentralization is evident in the appointment

of four members of the Political Bureau and the FRELIMO Central Committee as

provincial governors.

16
The party's Number 2 man, Marcelino dos Santos, is going to head Sofala, a

strategic province from the viewpoint of the concentration of large projects of

the Southern Africa Cooperation Conference (SADCC). Through it pass the highways

and railroads that link the port of Beira to the Zimbabwean and Zambian hinterland.

It is in that province that the National Resistance Movement (MNR) has concentrated its attention.

Alberto Chipande, minister of defense and Number 4 man in the party hierarchy,

will be governor of Cabo Delgado, and plan minister Mario Machungo is going to

head Zambezia.

In the appointment of Machungo, the importance of the economic area is evident.

Zambezia contributes about 60 percent of the country's exports.

The other new provincial governor is Sergio Vieira, former minister of agriculture and member of the Central Committee.

The decentralization is more evident still in the creation of a whole series of

new organs, from new secretariats of state to the appointment of vice ministers

for interior, agriculture, merchant marine and foreign trade.

The area of light and food industry, for example, is removed from the aegis of

the Ministry of Industry and Energy, becoming headed by a secretary of state.

It will be the function of this sector to direct the production of consumer

goods such as textiles, clothing, footwear, batteries, furniture, soaps and

various food products.

A second element of decentralization is the entry of high-level and medium-level

cadres in the management of companies in many districts of the country. For

example, the former secretary of state for labor, Carvalho Neves, is going to

work for the sugar company of Mafambisse in the province of Sofala. The measure

is aimed at putting into practice a policy of "making the district the basis of

planning," announced as policy several years ago but forgotten in terms of

application.

The transfer of these cadres from the central apparatus to the districts and

companies is certainly going to bring an interesting element to the Mozambican

political scene, specifically, an increase of demands on the action of the

central organs of power by those who were already there and who are now going

to the "grass-roots." Observers in Maputo see in this an idea of President

Samora Maehe1.

The measure also responds to the extremely sharp criticism made mainly by former

FRELIMO fighters about the fact that they were mainly local leaders without

political and economic leadership while the best cadres remained in Maputo and

the other cities, closed in a vicious circle of bureaucratic movements that

separated them more and more from reality.

The next step of decentralization will be the sending of hundreds of Mozambican

and foreign technicians to the districts and companies, leaving their capital

offices where, as Samora Machel said recently, "very beautiful plans" that will

never be fulfilled are prepared.

17
A Surprising Return

The third characteristic—intersector coordination—is manifested with great

incidence in the area of the ministries of sovereignty, mainly in the Ministry

of the Interior. In this ministry, there will be two vice ministers. The first

vice minister is Maj Gen Tome Eduardo, vice chief of the general staff, and the

second is Teodato Hunguana, former minister of justice. Therefore, there is a

close link between the armed forces and the courts. The appointment of Hunguana

is viewed in Maputy as an important step in the normalization of judicial conduct

after the "offensive of legality" launched by Samora Machel on 5 November 1981.

It is a matter of applying to the overall apparatus of justice, then to the

preparation of judicial cases, the strict defense of civil rights which many

times is postponed as a secondary matter in revolutionary situations.

It is the general opinion that the reshuffle has not yet ended. It is expected,

for example, that Jose Luis Cabaco, current minister of information, will work

fulltime in the party secretariat to which he was elected during the congress.

As for the appointment of Joaquim de Carvalho as minister of foreign trade,

his return to the council of ministers after his removal from the government

Central Committee in 1978 caused general surprise. In recent years, Joaquim

de Carvalho has managed a sugar company in the northern part of the country,

reportedly successfully.

8711

CSO: 3442/261

18
MOZAMBIQUE

COOPERATION WITH FRENCH INSTITUTION PROCEEDING

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Jun 83 p 1

[.Text] According to a source at the Bank of Mozambique, the visit of RolandBillecart and his closest colleague is within the framework of the cooperation

which the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation [CCCE] has been developing with

the People's Republic of Mozambique in recent years. He will observe at first

hand the projects in progress financed by that French institution.

Agriculture, railways and the textile industry are the major areas of cooperation

with the CCCE, with financing agreementsamounting to several hundred million Franch

francs.

Prominent among the projects in which the CCCE is directly involved is the program

for development of cotton production and industrialization in the zone of Caia, in

the Zambeze Valley, and the rehabilitation of the cotton pressing and ginning

mills in Montepuez, Nampula, Namialo, Monapo, Mocuba and Manapa.

A feasibility study is also being conducted for an integrated agroindustrial

development program in the zone of Magude, in the midsection of the Incomati

River, and an integrated regional development program in the coastal area north of

the city of Quelimane, one of the objectives of which is the production of copra.

An emergency program is being planned for the marketing of this raw material.

The CCCE will also finance a project for the rehabilitation of the northern railway between Nacala and Cuamba, as well as a center for railway training.

According to the Bank of Mozambique source, the CCCE could participate in other

specific projects in our country, namely with regard to supplies for the textile

industry, support to the green zones and materials for agriculture, the national

telecommunications network and the rehabilitation of FAMOL, for vehicle assembly

and body work.

There are other areas in which the'CCCE could play a large part, including the total

rehabilitation of the Mozambican fishing fleet," according to a Bank of Mozmmbique

source.

On Monday afternoon, the CCCE's general director met with Rui Lousa, minister of

posts and telecommunications, and was honored that evening with a dinner given by

Prakash Ratilal, governor of the Bank of Mozambique.

In addition to planned visits to factories, other sectors of economic activity and

sites of historical and cultural interest in both the north and south of the country,

Roland-Billecart is scheduled to meet with various members of the Mozambican Government, including Planning Minister Mario Machungo, Antonio Branco, minister of industry and energy, Agriculture Minister Joao Ferreira and Tenreiro de Almeida,

secretary of fisheries.

6362 19

CSOt 3442/284
MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO OVERPOPULATION DUE TO RURAL MIGRATION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Jun 83 p 10

[Article by Marcelino Silvat "Rural Migration and Unemployment Tax Infrastructures"]

[Text] In the last 9 years, the city of Maputo has experienced

a major population explosion as a result of the constant migration

from the country to the city, which has overburdened its infrastructures. Created in the colonial era, they were not designed

to support the numbers of people inhabiting the city today or the

current level of unemployment, which has already reached alarming

proportions.

In a city planned for abuut 500,000, there are now almost 1 million inhabitants,

most of whom have no means of livelihood. In some cases, families with over six

members have only one wage earner.

The water supply system, which has recently been affected by the drought, was

not planned for the current level of consumption.

Who "Feeds" the Queues?

During normal working hours, the tearoomsare filled with people, and the waiting

lines end only when the establishments close. The reason for this situation is the

shortage of supplies; people are resorting to these establishments to pick up this

or that item for immediate consumption. This is also a direct result of the rural

migration to the city, in that the products which should be supplied by the country

are not appearing. Farm production is low, and what little is produced must be

distributed to an increasing number of city-dwellers.

We spoke with some people standing in line outside the Scala tearoom.

"Although there are several bakeries in this city, they do not produce enough for

everyone; aside from the fact that most people who live here are not producing

anything, there are not enough imported products to go around," commented Januario

Armado, a private carpenter from Inhagoia District.

Mario Francisco, an employee of TEXL0M who lives in Malhangalene, said he was in

favor of sending the unemployed to the country. "When people are not working,

they become thieves and vagrants, living by stealing and other crimes."

20
Waiting7 Months

"I have been waiting for 7 months for 'clearance' to go to work in the mines

in South Africa," Mario Antonio, a native of Bilene-Macia, said as he came out

of the Algos Agency, bringing up another problem. Talking about the life he

has been leading, he told us» "We have to take odd jobs to survive."

The rural exodus, in this case to Maputo, not only creates problems for the

infrastructures but also for the individuals themselves.

6362

CSOt 3442/284

21
MOZAMBIQUE

OIL DRILLING TO BEGIN AT CABO DELGADO

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jun 83 p 1

[Text] "Oil prospecting operations on the Mozambican coast, more specifically,

in the "offshore" zone of Cabo Delgado, are very encouraging," Abdul Magid Osman,

secretary of state for coal and hydrocarbons, said yesterday on his return from

a trip to the United States and Great Britain. He added that next year it is

planned to drill the first exploratory well in that zone. Magid stressed that, as

a result of the contacts made on this trip, there are good prospects for petroleum

prospecting in the country's northern offshore area.

During his trip, the secretary signed contracts with two of the seven "majors,"

EXXON and Shell, for oil prospecting in the zone of Cabo Delgado; one of these

contracts provides for a first well next year.

Earlier this year, quoting a high official of the Secretariat of State for Coal

and Hydrocarbons, NOTICIAS reported that studies conducted in the Rovuma Basin

in Cabo Delgado indicated that the zone "shows great possibilities of containing

liquid hydrocarbons."

The studies consisted of an aeromagnetic survey conducted by the French firm

CGG (Compagnie Generale de Geophysiques).

The Mozambican authorities made the results of the survey available to the oil

companies, and four of the seven "majors" acquired the results immediately.

The findings of the CGG aeromagnetic survey of the Rovuma Basin were completed

at the end of 1981. The study revealed the presence of a broad and deep sedimentary basin.

Quoting the same official, NOTICIAS reported at the time that the depth of the

sediment was more or less constant from north to south, at about 10,000 meters,

whihh is a good indication of the likelihood of petroleum.

The most decisive step taken by Mozambique to develop the oil endustry was the

signing of two contracts for offshore seismic exploration, with GECO, a Norwegian

form, and the U.S. firm Western Gerophysical. The contracts were signed in June

1981

Pursuant to these contracts, the firms conducted a seismic study of the entire

coast of Mozambique, covering 27,000 kilometers. In 1982, the data from these

surveys were made avialable to the oil companies, enabling them to determine if

they were interested in prospecting for oil on Mozambique's continental shelf.

22
When Abdul Magid spoke with NOTICIAS yesterday, he noted that, in addition to

signing the contracts for oil prospecting, he contacted various oil companies to

promote an interest in studying the geological characteristics of Mozambique.

During our stay in the United States," the secretary of state added, "we visited

some fertilizer manufacturers, who voic ed an interest in initiating a project to

produce fertilizers using natural gas."

During his visit to London, Magid contacted British Petroleum, with whom he discussed "coal-related matters."

"I can add that, as a result of all these contacts, there are good prospects for

us, particularly with regard to oil prospecting in the 'offshore* zone of Cabo

Delgado," concluded the secretary of state for coal and hydrocarbons.

6362

CSO« 3442/284

23
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

FRANCE DONATES WHEAT—Some 2,000 tons of wheat were unloaded yesterday at the port

of Maputo, a gift from the French Government to Mozambique to assist victims of

the drought. According to the French Embassy in Maputo, the donation from that

European country was in response to the Mozambican Government's appeal to the

international community in December 1982. The wheat was shipped under the terms

of an accord signed on 28 January 1983 in Maseru between France and officials of

our country. It was transported on the Cypriot ship "Shannon," leased by France.

[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jun 83 p 8] 6362

RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTED CARS—The gift or conveyance of imported vehicles exempt

from duties and other customs and tax charges has been prohibited, regardless of

the nature of the original ownership or provenance, including vehicles acquired

in the Lojas Francas de Mocambique or through their intervention, without prior

authorization by the Foreign Trade Ministry. The purpose of the measure is to

insure the stability of legal trade among citizens, regulating the general terms

which must be observed, since they are particularly sensitive for the nation's

economy. According to the ministerial decree, the sale of privately owned automobiles, in particular, has been subject to outrageous speculation, causing a

marked deviation from the productive use of the monetary resources available to

the people. Henceforth, the gift or conveyance of automobiles to third parties

who are not exempted from duties and other customs and tax charges is prohibited

without prior certification of payment in freely convertible foreign currency.

Vehicles acquired by third parties may not be sold or given away for a period of

5 years, after which they may be freely given or sold; however, such action must

be communicated in advance to the competent structures. The ministries with

competence in this matter will rule jointly on special cases, which should be

excepted according to established regulations, bearing in mind, for example,

circumstances contemplated in government agreements or contracts which have already

been signed. Henceforth, any transfer or conveyance of automobiles or possession

of vehicles under the conditions mentioned will be considered null and void; the

vehicles will revert to the state, and the purchasers or owners will have no right

to restitution or indemnification. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Jun

83 p 8] 6362

TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION WITH HUNGARY—A cooperation protocol was recently

signed between the People's Republic of Mozambique and the People's Republic of

Hungary, according to a note received by NOTICIAS. Under the terms of the protocol, Hungarian specialists will be assigned to various economic and social areas

in this country and Mozambican scholarship students will be sent to Hungary.

2U
The technical-scientific cooperation accords were signed by Henny de Almeida

Matos, representing the National Directorate of International Cooperation, and

by Ire Szekacs, director general of TESCO [expansion unknown], representing

Hungary. The cooperation protocol establishing a technical-scientific work

program between the two countries was signed last Friday. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese 8 Jun 83 p 2] 6362

SOVIET AGREEMENT IN EDUCATION-Nicolai Sofinski, vice minister of higher and

secondary [specialized] education of the Soviet Union, returned to his country on

Friday after a visit of several days. During his stay in Maputo, two cooperation

protocols were signed between Mozambique and the Soviet Union. The signing of the

two cooperation protocols in the area of intermediate and higher education followed discussions between Sofinski and Fernando Ganhao, dean of Eduardo Mondlane

University. Moments before his departure, Sofinski said that the first protocol

pertains to reciprocal recognition of diplomas by universities of the People's

Republic of Mozambique and the USSR. The second pertains to the training of

Mozambican cadres in Soviet institutions in fee next 5 years. "Basically, the

accords represent a significant advance in cooperation between our two countries,

and they provide a basis for the planning and development of our activities within the framework of this cooperation," the vice minister noted. During his visit,

the Soviet official was received by Graca Machel, minister of education and culture,

and by Planning Minister Mario da Graca Machungo. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 7 Jun 83 p 2] 6362

MANDELA'S RELEASE DECLARATION SIGHED—In Maputo on Wednesday President Samora

Machel signed a declaration linking our country to the efforts of the international community aimed at securing the release of Nelson Mandela and other

victims of apartheid. In the said declaration, Field Marshal Samora Machel

expresses the certainty that the release of Nelson Mandela represents an important contribution toward creating a climate of peace, stability, and security in Africa in general and in Southern Africa in particular. Having

denounced the exploitation and oppression of the South African people by the

apartheid regime, President Samora Machel stated in the declaration that

the institutionalized practice of racial segregation and discrimination in

South Africa represents a systematic negation of the elementary rights of

the majority of the South African people. Nelson Mandela is serving a life

sentence in a prison of the Pretoria racist regime. I Text] IMB221033 Maputo

Domestic Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 22 Jul 83]

MAPUTO'S 'UNPRODUCTIVE' TO NAISSA CENTERS—A source at the Naissa operative

command has disclosed that part of the unproductive persons evacuated from

Maputo town to that province have already been posted to Unango and Matama

agricultural enterprises as well as to a unit producing Iword indistinct].

The same source revealed that 117 persons regarded as anti-socials have been

taken to two reeducation centers existing in Naissa Province. IText] IMD220853

Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0600 GMT 22 Jul 83]

STUDENTS LEAVE FOR CUBA—Recently, a total of 804 students who were selected

from various Tete Province secondary schools left the city of Tete for Maputo,

from where they will leave for Cuba to continue their studies. Speaking

before their departure, an official of the Tete Directorate for Education

and Culture called for national unity among the students and urged them to

devote themselves to their studies that on their return they can make their

contribution to national reconstruction. [Text] [MB251515 Maputo Domestic

Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 25 Jul 83]

CSO: 3442/302

25
NIGER

BRIEFS

JAPANESE LOAN—Japan and Niger today signed a 720 million CFA francs loan

agreement. The money will be used to purchase vehicles and equipment for the

construction, maintenance and repair of roads in Niger. lExcerpt] IAB221534

Niamey Domestic Service*in French 1200 GMT 22 Jul 83]

CSO: 3419/1096

26
NIGERIA

PRESIDENT ASSESSES SUCCESS OF CIVILIAN ADMINISTRATION

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26, 27 Jim 83

[Two-part interview with President Shagari by Nakan Abba Dabo; date, place

not given]

[26 June 83 pp 7, 9]

[Text] Nigeria has had a turbulent political history. Since independence in 1960,

Nigeria's political destiny has travelled along very dusty and bumpy

road indeed.

It went through the short period of the turbulent political administration

of the 1 st Republic after which it was swamped by a very long spell of a

disquieting military aberration.

Today, Nigeria's political destiny is experimenting with a new system altogether — the

Presidential System of Government.

And last week, our Editor, Malam Abba Dabo, included his name in the history books as

being one of those who has had the privilege of interviewing the 1st Executive President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Below is the iriterview:-

SNN: Mr. President, you have

been in the hot seat for over

three and a half years, how do

you find the job of: gbyerfting

such a diverse and hyperactive

people that we Nigerians are?

If I may add, you seem to toe;

growing additional grey hairs, - Mr. President.

MR. PRESIDENT: Well, I have

grey hair because I am old

enough to have grey hairs. I

"hope that you \yill live long

to have grey hairs. People asso-,

ciate grey hairs with worries.

But I am not worried at all. I

think it is natural that I have

grey hairs. I don't say that my

responsiblities are not worrisome. I have been in government and in public affairs for

at least 30 years. And all the

problems that I face are those

that I expect; and so there is

nothing unexpectable.

However these three and half

years have been very exciting.

One must realise that we are

facing a new experiment—a

change. This is how I look at it.

It is not, primarily, running of

an administration. It is a matter of taking a challenge. After

13 years of military rule, we

have reverted to a civilian rule.

; And we want to make a success of it; to retain confidence

in Nigerians and Africans that

we are capable of running a democracy ourselves.

My efforts throughout these

years is to ensure that we do

not fail in this new experiment.

Fairly, we have a new constitution, which we have chosen for

ourselves. I happened to be a

27
"You see, there are a lot of difficulties. But, on the

whole, I think we have managed to face these difficulties in a very responsible manner. It is not easy,

but our objective is to ensure that this system can

work. And if it succeeds, it will be a great encouragement to other African countries to have confidence

that we can run a democratic system and we don't

need any more military regimes in Africa. So my

whole purpose is to make this system a success—a

resounding success; to instil confidence in

Nigerians and in Africans generally".

member of the Constituent Assembly and took part in the formulation o_f flur new constitution And I want to see it succeed.

In a new experiment, of course,

one is bound to meet a lot of

difficulties. But it is the way and

: manner we face theirf and solve

i them that we are judged by.

And, of course, the judgment is

not on my side. It is on the side

of the observers and the general public to see how far we

have performed.

Personally, I think we have done

well in the circumstance. Our

main objective is to ensure

unity and stability of our new

nation and I must say that we

have tried to bring national

consciousness into our people.

The system itself provides for

that; the constitution is deliberately designed to bring about

and encourage national unity

and national consciousness.

And that is what we are trying

to establish.

You see, there are a lot of difficulties. But, on the whole, I think

we have managed to face these

difficulties in a very responsible manner. It is not easy, but

our objective is to ensure that

iJhis system can work. And if it

succeeds, it will be a great encouragement to other African

countries to have confidence

that we can run a democratic

system and we don't need any

more military regimes in Africa.

So my whole purpose is to make

this system a success—a resounding success; to instil

confidence in Nigerians and in

Africans generally.

SNN: Mr. President, Nigerian

political parties seem to be nothing other than moons orbitting around the NPN sun. At

present, some of these moons

seem to be disintegrating and

becoming smaller, while others

seem to be gathering moss and

making efforts to form an alliance. Do you see the PPA as

a threat to you, especially after^

a secönd~bällöt; if there were

to be a second ballot?

MR. PRESIDENT: Well, any opposing party is supposed to be a

threat. That is the nature of democracy because every opposing party wants to displace the

governing party. And that is

what is meant by democracy.

So, the whole aim of all the other

parties is to displace us, and

our own is to ensure that we do

not give them a chance to displace us. But the decision is not

our own. It is the decision of the

general public—the electorate.

The political parties, all of them,

are new; and as new parties, .

they are bound to create problems that make it difficult for a

government in power to run a

government. Also you will have

to contend with the opposition

which, in our own context in Nigeria, is a destructive organisation aimed at destroying the

government. And thatis not the

concept*of opposition that I

know. But in Nigeria, that is

how people look at it.

It does not mean that you have to

destroy the party in power be-

': fore you are given the opportunity to take over. Especially in

our own situation here in Nigeria, all the political parties, except the newest one—the NAP

—has the opportunity of running a.government. So that opposition, actually, in the whole

sense is wrong—because all

the five parties are in control,

one way or the other, either at

I the federal level or in some of

the states. And they will be

able to show their performance; to satisfy the electorate on

the basis of what they have

done in running their own government.

Our criticisms should be based

upon the performance or nonperformance of the various political parties where they rule,

rather than on throwing political brickbats and trying to destroy one another. We should direct our attention to those issues about the performances

and non-performances of the

various political parties where

they govern to enable us to

judge which of them reallydeserves to rule again.

In my opinion, the NPN, both at

centre and in the states, has

done remarkably well. We do

not indulge ourselves in intraparty quarrels which disintegrate the party, as is happening in other parties. We direct

our attention towards peace.

Our administration and our

party may have been faced

with opposition from all sides,

factions and people who are

bent on destroying us.

We are not interested in that.

We are interested in peace.

SNN: Do you find the political

party leaders' meetings you

hold once in a while useful?

MR. PRESIDENT: Oh, very

useful indeed! In fact I would

have wanted more of these

28
meetings. You remember my

previous attempt when we

were discussing the creation of

states, I invited all political

parties, but unfortunately, two

.ofthem Mused to attend. And

very appreciably; this time,

they have all been able to attend.

These meetings I find extremely

; useful. And if our followers can

take a cue from the leadership

^ in the amicable and frank atmosphere in which we hold our

discussions, I think it would

help a great deal to defuse tension between the various political parties.

On the whole, all of us are working towards the same goal. We

are serving our people. We are

serving this country, and no

one party—whether it is the one

in power at the centre or in the

state—can really bring about

peace and stability without the

, co-operation of the others. We

: are all_ working for the same

goal and we should be able to

meet and discuss national issues as leaders, devoid of partisan .political sentiments.

We are all meant to serve Nigeria

and Nigerians. And I believe

that these meetings go a long

way in ensuring that leaders

direct their attention towards

national issues.

SNN: A great controversy is raging in the pages of the Concord

Newspapers, especially, concerning Dr. Umaru Dikko, your

Transport Minister. They accuse him of building a "Berlin

Wall" around yöü to keep off

people from seeing you. They

also say he should resign as Minister because as the DirectorGeneral of your campaign and

Chairman of the Presidential.

Task Force on Rice, his efficiency will be affected by too

... much work. What do you say?

MR. PRESIDENT: Well, you

see, the quarrel between Umaru

and the Concord is their owa

affair. I don't think it has any

thing to do with me. But I think

it is unfair to say that Umaru

is building a wall against people who want to come near me,

You have been coming here, 1

don't think you have ever seen

Umaru here.

"Well, you see, the quarrel between Umaru and the

Concord is their own affair. I don't think it has anything

to do with me. But I think it is unfair to say that

Umaru is building a wall against people who want to

come near to me. I only see Umaru mostly in the

evenings. I do not see him unless there is a council

meeting. He does not know what is going on in the

state House and he has no control over who comes

to the State House and who does not".

I only see Umaru mostly in theevenings. I do not see him unless there is a council meeting.

He does not know what is going

on in the State House and he'

has no control over who comes

to the State House and who

does not.

If anybody blames, anybody for1

not beine able to see me, the

jpeople__tp_ be blamed are my

Chief of Protocol and my Chief

of Personal Staff who arrange

appointments for people to see

me. Umaru has nothing whatsoever to do with it. I don't

agree that he has any say in

who sees me and who does not.

Concerning his duty, I am

quite satisfied with his

performance as Minister of Transport. If there

are any complaints, I ought to

have received them. But so far,

except from Concord, I have

not received any complaint. I

think he has been doing

. his work very diligently.

I gave him this assignment on

rice about two years ago and he

has been doing it without any

interference with his job as a

minister. Anyone of my ministers can be given any special

assignment as I deem fit. It

doesn't mean that because a

minister is given a portfolio on

somethmg, then I have no authority To give him any other

assignment.

I have just given an assignment

to another minister, Malam

Adamu Ciroma, because I

think he is capable of doing it.

When I have a special assignment, I look around to see who

is the best man, then I give him

the assignment, irrespective of

whether it is within his portfolio or not.

But^the question of Director of

Presidential Election Campaign, I believe, has been misunderstood. It is not a full-time

job. Umaru was my director of

campaign in 1978/79—that was

full time. But now, I have established a presidential campaign office—fully staffed with

full-time personnel. In fact, we

have five directors, eight presidential campaign teams, who

i are also full-time, doing their

job in the various zones in the

country.

It is the task of the presidential

campaign office to co-ordinate

the work of the campaign

teams. So, the only function of

Umaru is, he is liaising between the presidential campaign office and myself. Thatis

all.

Actually, I am the director-general, of my own campaign. But I

have somebody who will liaise

between me and the presidential campaign office^ And that

is just what Urnafu is doing. It

is ribt full time. The people who

are doing full time jobs are

there doing it. And I don't see

anything wrong with that.

I am using his experience in his

last campaign to co-ordinate the

work of the presidential campaign office..

SNN: Has the pardon you have

granted Ojukwu caused you

any problem?—From the army

or the political sector? What do

you think of the man? Do you

think he is an assetto the NPN?

MR. PRESIDENT: No, I don't

think there is any problem because it was not just done arbitrarily. I had long consultations before I took Sie decision

to pardon Mr. Ojukwu. Even

before I allowed General Gowon to come back I sent a delegation to see both Gowon and

29
Ojukwu to tell them about my

intention. And I also had consultations both with the military and the civilian leaders,

It was not until I was confident

. that everybody had been consulted, including the Council of

State , that I allowed Ojukwu

ta come back.,

SNA: What do you think of the

man in any case? Do you think.

he is an asset to the NPN as

such? (

MR. PRESIDENT: I believe he is

in his own way. He is a leader

who is respected by many

people and whatever political

party he decides to join, he will

make his own contributions and

he will carry his supporters

along with him into that party.

And the fact that he has decidflft

to join the NPN shows he is an

assetto the NPN, atleast in the*

area he comes from.

(The second part of this interview will continue tomorrow in the New Nigerian).

L27 Jim 83 pp 5, 11]

[TextJ Being the second part of an exclusive

interview granted the Sunday New

Nigerian, Editor, Malam AbbtPDabo

by President Shehu Shagari.

The first part was carried by the

SNN yesterday. Watch out for the

conclusion tomorrow.

SNN: Mr. President, it is not

dear what is happening between us and Chad. It seems

that we are fighting a very

quiet, though full-scale war.

Don't you think that as the President and Minister of Defence

and Commander-in-Chief of the

Armed Forces, you ought to

brief the nation on what actually is going on?

MR. PRESIDENT: I disagree

with you. It is not a full-scale

war. In fact, it is not a war.

That is why I don't think that

the matter is serious enough

to warrant my full-scale briefing; apart from the kind of

briefing that concerns the Minister of Foreign Affairs and so

on.

The matter of Chad arose from

border skirmishes. And these

are not unusual in that area.

That is what many people don't

realise; that for over 15 years

now, there has always been

problem in the Lake Chad area.

There are numerous islands

within the Lake in the Nigerian

side, in the Camerounian side

and in the Chadian side. And

these small islands are inhabited by people. Some of them

are Nigerians, some of them

are Chadians and Camerounians and the border was not -

very well defined because

some of the islands even disappear atimes. Now, there are

bandits from both sides who

usually go and attack one island and take away their property, sometime their cattle,

and run away to the other side

because, usually, there is a

meeting point of three countries, in fact four: Nigeria

Cameroun, Chad and Niger and

one can always come, do some

havoc on one side and run to the

other side. And this has been

going on as I said for 15 years.

: Now during the time of President

Malloum, there was an agreement that there should be a

joint patrol between Nigerian

soldiers and Chadian soldiers.

And they used to patrol toge-

' Iher. But when trouble erupted

in Chad, there was virtually no

government. So the Chadian

Government had no control

over that area, with the result

that bandits including Chadian

soldiers who belong to the various factions inside, used to

come in there to raid these islands, take their properties and

go away.

So, we had to station our own sol

diers in order to protect Nigerians who are living on those islands within Nigeria and, from

time to time, when these bandits attack Nigerians, they (Nigerians; from one island will

report to our soldiers and our

soldiers go there in order to

protect them.

30
"But this particular incident was aggravated by this

misunderstanding that when our soldiers went to protect Nigerians, the Chadians thought it was a full-scale

attack by the Chadian refugees in Nigeria. And they

came out in full force with the result that there was a

battle and some casualties on both sides."

But this time, when our soldiers

went to protect Nigerians, they

were attacked by Chadian soldiers. And these Chadian soldiers were in large numbers.

Now, later we discovered that

the Chadians were under the

impression that the Chadian

refugees in Nigeria were tak

ing an advantage of the situation and trying to launch an at

tack on Chadfrom the Chad basin area, because they were'

facing another war in the north

from the same Chadian refugees.

So they attacked with full force,

thinking, though quite wrongly,

that they were fighting to protect themselves from the onslaught of Chadian rebels from

Nigeria. But there was no case

of that. We don't allow Chadian

refugees to attack...

SNN: But the attacks, Mr. President, seem to persist. If they

had done it once, that would be

understandable. But they have

done it again.

MR. PRESIDENT: No, what I

was telling you is that these

skirmishes have been going on

for years in that area. But this

particular incident was aggravated by this misunderstanding that when our soldiers went

to protect Nigerians, the Chadians thought it' was a full-scale

attack by the Chadian refugees

in Nigeria. And they came out

in full force with the resultthat

there was a battle and some casualties on both sides.

As soon as this thing happened,

we closed pur borders with the.

Chadians and they sent a delegation here to protest. We told

them that their soldiers had attacked 'ours without any tea

son. We had a long discussion

with them and we negotiated an

agreement which was explained by the External Affairs Minister. The agreement stipulated that all the troops from both

sides should occupy the positions they were occupying before the 18th of April this year.

After that, then we can open the

borders.

3ut when our soldiers went to reoccupy the islands they had

evacuated before, in accordance with the agreement, the Chadians resisted this. And those

islands are within Nigerian territory. So naturally, Nigerians

had to push them out in order

to re-occupy these 3iree islands.

They have now, been able to do

so. There is no war going on

right now. But we still feel

that unless the Chadians come

back and we settle this matter

once and for all, it is not safe

foe us /to open our borders.

SNN: Has the pardon you have

granted Ojukwu caused you

any problem?—From the army

st the political sector? What

do you think of the man? Do

you think he is really an asset

totheNPN?

MR. PRESIDENT: No, \ don't

think there is any problem hecause it was not just done'arbitrarily. .1, had long consultations before I took the decision

to pardon Mr. Oiukwu. Even

before I allowed Gen. Gowon to,

come back I sent a delegation

to see both Gowon and Ojukwu

to tell them about my intention. And I also had consultations both with the military and

the civilian leaders. It was not

until I was confident that

everybody had been consulted,

including the Council of States,

that I allowed Ojukwu to come

back.

SNN: What do you think of the

man in any case? Do you think

he is an asset to the NPN as

such?

MR. PRESIDENT: I believe he is

in his own way. He is a leader

who is respected by many people and whatever political party he decides to join, he will

make his own contributions and

he will carry his supporters

along with him into that party.

And the fact that he has decided

to join the NPN shows he is an

asset to the NPN, atleastin the

area he comes from.

SNN: A great controversy is

ragingin the pages of the Concord Newspapers, especially,

concerning Dr. Umaru Dikko,

your Transport Minister. They

accuse him of building a "Berlin Wall" around you to keep off

people from seeing you. They

also say he should resign as Minister because as the DirectorGeneral of your campaign and

Chairman of the Presidential

Task Force on Rice, his efficiency will be affected by too

much work. What do you say?

MR. PRESIDENT^ Well, you

see, the quarrel between Umaru

and the Concord is their own

affair. I don't think it is anything to do with me. But IJthink

it is unfair to say that Umaru

is_ building a wall against people who want to come near to

me. I only see Umaru mostly in

i the evenings. I do not see him

umess there is a^councUmeet^

ting. He does not know what is

going on'in the State House

and he has no control over who

comes to the State House and

who does not.

If anybody blames anybody for

not being able to see me,, the

. people to be blamed are my

Chief of Protocol and my Chief

of Personal Staff who arrange

appointments for people to see

me. Umaru has nothing whatsoever to do with it. I don't

agree that he has any say in

who sees me and who does not

Concerning his duty, I AM

QUITE SATISFIED WITH

HIS PERFORMANCE as Minister of Transport. If'there

are any complaints, I ought to

have received them. But so

far, except from Concord, I

have not received any cpmplaint. I think he HAS BEEN

31
DOING HIS WORK VERY DILIGENTLY.

I gave him this assignment on

rice about two years ago and he

has been doing it without any

interference with his job as a minister?Any one of my ministers

can be given any special assignment as I deem fit. It doesn't mean that because a

minister is giving a portfolio on

something, then I have no authority to give him another assignment.

I have just given an assignment

to another minister, Malawi

Adartiu Ciroma, because I

think he is capable of doing it.

When I have a special assignment, I look around to see who

is the best man, then I give him

the assignment, irrespective of

whether itis within his portfolio

or not.

But Jhe question of Director of.

Presidential Election Cam

paign, I believe, has been mis-.

understood. It is not a full-time

job. Umaru was my director of

campaign in 1978/79—that was

full time. But now, I have established a presidential campaign office—fully staffed

with full-time personnel. In

fact, we have five directors,

eight presidential campaign

teams, who are also full-time,

doing their job in the various

zones in the country.

It is the task of the presidential

campaign office to co-ordinate

the work of the campaign

teams. So, the only function of

Umaru is, h£ is liaising between the presidential cam:

paign office and myself. That is

, all.

Actually, I am the directorgeneral of my own campaign.

But I have to have somebody

who liaise between me and the

presidential campaign office.

And that is just what Umaru is

doing. It is not full time. The

people who are doing full time

jobs are there doing it. And I

don't see anything wrong with

that.

I am using his experience in the

last campaign to co-ordinate

the work of the presidential

campaign office.

SNNf tfour party, the NPN, is fa

cing serious trouble in so many

states, but more especially in

Kwara which, going by the 1979

election results, is. a marginal

state. Are you still confident of

taking Kwara after such^ a

protracted trouble?

MR. PRESIDENT: Well, what

you call protracted trouble^ is

not trouble at all, because it is.

not a trouble between my party

and another party trying ta

wrest power from the NPN in

Jhe state.

SNN: The UPN is strong there

MR. PRESIDENT: The UPN is

not strong in Kwara State. You

can check. The "small quarrel

between tne leaders is not peculiar to Kwara State It is in every

state; not only in the NPN, but

in all the political parties. In

fact, it is more apparent in

other parties, as you well know,

where people have crossed

over to other parties because

of quarrels between themselves. That does not apply to the

NPN and I don't think it will

happen.

So, we still think that we are very

. strong in Kwara and all the

leaders there are loyal supporters of the party. There is nobody amongst them who is thinking or inclined to go to another

party. So our own local quarrels should not affect out

strength in the state because no

matter which faction of the party one belongs, they are united

in one faith—in fighting to entrench NPN and to dislocate

other parties in the state. I am

satisfied and sure that Kwara

is solidly an NPN state—the

misunderstandings notwithstanding.

SNN: Are you satisfied'with the

results of your Green Revolu-

- tion Programme? • MR. PRESIDENT: Yes. Of

course we have met with some

difficulties in the execution of

the programme. But on the

whole, in the circumstance, I

would say that we have made

satisfactory progress. Not the

kind of progress I would want

'to have, any way—because of

lack of co-operation we have received from some of the state

governments.

32
Some state governments feel that

the success of the Green Revolution is the-success of the

NPN, therefore, Green Revolution has not succeeded. But I

think that was a wrong approaThe success of the Green Revolution is the success of Nigeria,

not of the NPN. We want to establish agriculture and to restore agriculture until we restore its past glory. All hands

must be on deck, no matter

which party or which govern-

/ inent is involved.

There is no government in the federation which is opposed, in

its manifesto or programme, to

the concept of Green Revolution. But they are, opposed to

the NPN. So it is an NPN programme, it must fail.

But they are pursuing the same

thing in their own ways. So why

don't we co-ordinate efforts and

work together towards a common goal to re-establish agriculture in this country as the

mainstay of our economy. We

don't disagree on this. All we

need is co-operation within ourselves. And that has been lacking, unfortunately, due to politics.

SNN: Some people believe that one

of the greatest threats to your

continuance in office is the current economic situation m the

country. Do you blame global

recession for it?

MR. PRESIDENT: Well, it is not

a threat. I wouldn't say it is a

threat. It is a challenge and a

challenge is different from a

threat.

think for any administration

one cannot expect smooth sailing on almret everything And

your capability is determined

by the way you face challenges

And this is a challenge about

the state of the economy which

everybody' knows is being*

faced, not only by Nigeria, but

by almost every other country

today.

It is the way and manner a

government faces this challenge that /matters. We are

facing it in our own way; other

countries are facing it in their

own ways. And no one is spared. The developed and developing countries, everybody inthe world, is facing this economic recession.

We are in a more difncult situation because apart from the

economic recession, we are

faced with oil glut. And one

does not need to lecture anyone

on the importance of oil in our

economy. The main source of

our revenue, everyone knows,

is oil. Ninety per cent of our revenue comes from oil,,and if

there is no market for this oil,

then our revenue must come

down drastically, as it has

done.

We don't have much time to organise other aspects of our economy: like agriculture and industry. We have been here only for

three years, and ü takes time

to diversify the economy so

that you have other sources.

We have been trying. ,

So, the fact that there is an oil

glut cannot be our fault. The

economic recession is not our

fault. Our fault can be determined by the way we tackle

these problems. We are tack- v

ling them in our own way. And

we are very confident that we

shall succeed. So, if anybody

criticises us, if he finds himself

in the same situation as we

have, I don't believe he can do

better.

CSO: 3400/1579

33
MASSIVE INCREASE IN BROKEN WATER MAINS REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 9

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

SOIL movement caused

by the drought, which has

led to a number of houses

on the Witwatersrand

cracking, could also be

the reason for the massive

increase in the number of

burst water mains in Johannesburg.

Dr John Mortimer, director of Technical Services in Johannesburg,

said yesterday that the

number of burst water

mains in the city had increased from 400 to 500 a

week at the beginning of

the year to up to 700 a

week at present.

The problem was affecting all the towns and

cities on the Reef but ageing of water pipes was not

the only reason for the

! bursts and leaks, he said.

Some areas were seriously affected by bursts,

while others the same age

or older did not have the

problem.

One theory which is being investigated is that

soil movement, caused by

the drought, is causing

the mainsto burst.

It is also possible that

the characteristics of the

water itself may have

changed and the city

council's chemists are investigating this in collaboration with the Rand

WaterBoard.

Priorities

However, the immediate problem is to repair

the bursts and prevent

water wastage.

The city yesterday

made an additional Rl,6-

million available for repairs in addition to the

Rl,6-million already allocated for the replacement

of corroded pipes and

•mains.

Plumbers of other

branches of the City Engineer's Department as

well as from other departments in the city council

have been transferred to

the water branch, bringing the total number of

council plumbers whose

duty it is to repair bursts,

to 30. In addition, the

council is hiring plumbers

from outside contractors.

The way in which the

plumbers work is also being changed to allow them

to be more productive.

Instead of the plumber

waiting around for the

hole to be dug to reach

the burst main, a gang of

workers from the roads

department will dig the

hole and only when it is

nearing completion, will

the plumber be called.

Once he has repaired the

damage, another gang

will close the hole.

3k
CSO: 5000/211

More vehicles

The council is to buy 10

more vehicles to enable

the plumbers to be more

mobile.

In addition, the Fire

Department will assist in

the servicing and repair of

fire hydrants.

Three plumbers are on

standby at night to deal

with emergencies.

Dr Mortimer said the

council relied heavily on

members of the public informing them about leaks

and bursts. The council

receives about 200 calls a

day from members of the

public.

However, he urged the

public to be as specific as

possible when reporting a

burst. Details of the exact

location, for example a

street number, or

whether the leak is on the

pavement or in the street,

the name of the road and

most important, the

strength of the flow (a

trickle or a one-metre

high fountain) would enable the council to save

time in finding the problem and also to get to the

worst problemsfirst.

All water main leaks

should be reported to the

special emergency telephone number, 724-4361,

which operates 24 hours a

day.

As far as water restrictions were concerned,

from Saturday, gardeners

living in Johannesburg

will be able to water their

gardens for one hour

only, once a week, between 1 pm and 2 pm on

Saturdays or Sundays.

Properties with uneven

street numbers may be

watered on uneven dates

and those with even numbers on even dates. So

this Saturday, the 16th,

properties with even

numbers may be watered

and those with uneven

numbers on Sunday the

17th.

This applies only to

watering with hand-held

hoses, micromist or drip

systems. Ordinary sprinklers are now banned for

use in gardens.

Gardens may, however, be watered at any time

by means of buckets or

watering cans.

Hoses must be disconnected from taps at all

times except during the

permitted watering hours.

35
SOUTH AFRICA

PLANNING FOR FUTURE DROUGHTS ADVOCATED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul 83 p 6RV

[Article by Lawrie Bedford]

[Text] Atop academic in the field of

water research says South Africa should start planning for the next

drought now.

He fears all thoughts of water

planning will disappear when the

the current drought breaks.

Professor David Stephenson,

director of the Water Systems Research Programme, University of

the Witwatersrand, says: "In 1965

South Africa experienced the most

drastic drought in the history of the

country, the Government appointed

a water planning commission, cash

was provided for research and in

1968 a report was produced.

"However, the moment the rains

started the pendulum swung the

other way, everybody forgot about

the work which had been done and

now everybody is starting from

scratch."

In a paper to a convention on

water for the future in 1970, he argued more and bigger water supply

schemes would continually have to

be planned and implemented to copewith rapid economic development.

Professor Stephenson believes the

drought has vindicated his case.

"I'll say now as I said then that

computers, indicating the optimum

location, scale and timing of developments can help the country

compile a comprehensive master

plan for water."

A national master plan would

control more detailed departmental

planning, such as mineral and water

resources, power, communications,

industry and services. These plans

in turn could be sub-divided into regions or river basins, and so on.

Any sector could be analysed or

up-dated without having to study

the entire plan.

Professor Stephenson says the Directorate of Water Affairs would

control the transfer of water or produce between river basins by means

of shadow values imposed on the

river basin plans by the computer.

A spokesman for the directorate,

commenting, said they were looking

at all possibilities, needs and requirements and planning accordingly. "Whether it can be done better I cannot say," he said.

The Minister of Environment, Mr

Sarel Hayward, had told farmers in

Natal recently that nobody could

have foreseen the compass of the

present drought situation or built

sufficient storage capacity to cushion its impact.:

Mr Hayward told the Natal Agricultural Union in Maritzburg it

would have been neither practicable

nor economic to make such provision because vast amounts of water

would have been lost through evaporation.

And, he reminded them that in

the long run it would have been

John Citizen who had to foot the bill.

Furthermore, capital needed for

drought insurance would have been

invested at the expense of more deserving causes.D — StaffReporter.

CSO: 5000/211

36
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CHECKERS STRIKE—Workers at eight more branches of Checkers in Johannesburg

and on the East Rand yesterday joined a strike which started at the Killarney

branch last Friday. This brings the number of workers striking to 600, affecting 17 branches, said a spokesman for the Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union (CCAWUSA), yesterday. The strike started when 70 workers

struck after a colleague had been fired. They demanded his re-instatement

but management refused, informing strikers they would not be paid for the

days away from work. On Tuesday, eight other branches joined the Killarney

branch and said they were striking in sympathy with their colleagues at

Killarney and for better pay and working conditions. The CCAWUSA spokesman

also said the strike at Fräsers in Heriotdale, Johannesburg, ended amicably

with union officials and management agreeing on a R50 a month increase in the

minimum wage, bringing the minimum monthly wage to $240. Mr Moses MayekisoTransvaal secretary of the Metal and Allied Workers Union (MAWU), said yesterday the strike involving 250 workers at Lite Master Products at Wadeville,

Benoni had not been resolved. Mr Mayekiso said his union was still trying to

resume talks with company management in an attempt to end the deadlock. [Text]

[Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL In English 8 Jul 83 p 2]

AECI PAINTS WORKERS FIRED—AECI Paints yesterday dismissed about 250 workers

who had refused to work since Monday because of dissatisfaction with a pay

increase. In a statement yesterday, a spokesman for AECI Paints, in Alrode

on the East Rand, said the workers had ignored an instruction to return to

work and were therefore dismissed. Negotiations with the SA Chemical Workers'

Union, who have a signed agreement with the company, were continuing. The

spokesman said wages had been set for the industry, at the industrial council,

to which both the union and the company belonged. A new wage agreement had

been gazetted and the company had paid its employees at or above the minimums

in the agreement. "Considerable debate has taken place with the work-force

on this matter and on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday illegal work stoppages took

place. "The company has an established agreement with the union, including

grievance procedures, and these procedures have not been adhered to in any

respect by the workforce. "During yesterday's illegal stoppage, workers were

told to return to work. "They declined to do so and thus were dismissed," he

said. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Jul 83 p 2]

ANC PISTOL OWNER SENTENCED—Sentencing a man to five years' imprisonment for

illegal possession of a Russian-made firearm, Johannesburg Regional Court

37
magistrate, Mr J. van Dam, said the interests of the country had to be safeguarded. Two of the five year sentence imposed on Soweto mechanic, Moses

Langa (38), were conditionally suspended. In mitigation Mrs Langa said the

accused, her son, was born out of a relationship between herself and a Portuguese medical doctor named Da Silva. This man had given her a plot of land

in Mozambique. Langa, charged under the Internal Security Act with obtaining

a Russian firearm from the ANC and participating in ANC activities by agreeing

to obtain a list of home addresses of security policemen, was convicted only

on an alternative count of illegal possession of a Russian-mode pistol. He

told the court his wife had been visiting in Mozambique. He went to see her

and was introduced to an ANC member. To "get rid of" the man he admitted

wanting a firearm. The firearm was later delivered to the accused in

Johannesburg. Yesterday magistrate Van Dam said: "It is never an easy matter

to bring to book people who work underground. "When they are brought to book

it is the duty of the court to pass sentences that will safeguard the interests

of the country by acting as a deterrent." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 14 Jul 83 p 4]

SABRA MEMBERSHIP REJECTED—The Belville City Council has unanimously decided

not to renew its membership of the South African Bureau of Racial Affairs

(Sabra). A spokesman for the council said it had taken the decision because

of Sabra's recent refusal to support the Government's Proposed constitutional

reform. The city councilrs decision was taken at a committee meeting this

week. The spokesman said the council didnrt wish to elaborate on its decision.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 4]

MEAT IMPORTS FROM ZIMBABWE—Harare—South Africa will no longer accept meat

imports by individuals from Zimbabwe, according to the Cold Storage commission magazine published here. It said the South African Government had sent

a letter to the Cold Storage Commission (CSC), saying no more meat import

permits would be issued. A CSC spokesman said yesterday the organisation

did not export meat directly to South Africa, but some travellers bought meat

from butcheries in Zimbabwe which bore the CSC marks. In the past, people entering South Africa were able to obtain veterinary import permits from the

Director of Veterinary Services in Pretoria authorising the import of up to

10 kilograms of beef provided it emanated from a CSC abattoir approved for

export to South Africa. The magazine said although this was now officially

discontinued, import permits already issued would be honoured. A spokesman

for the South Africa Trade Mission in Harare confirmed the discontinuation of

the permits. He added that his government had not given reason for the ban.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 10]

SCHOOLS BOYCOTT BLACKS JAILED—Five blacks have been sentenced in the Kimberley

Regional Court to jail terms ranging from and effective 10 to 13 years, after

being found guilty of terrorist activities. They are all from Galeschewe

in the city. Sello Mothlhabakwe was sentenced to an effective 13 years' imprisonment, Joer Kers to an effective 11 years, and Euguen Mokgoase to an

effective 12 years. Nelco Hlatswayo was sentenced to eight and five years,

but will serve and effective 10 years, and Ben Fani, convicted on only one

court, will serve 10 years. The case arose from incidents during a schools

boycott in 1980.—Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul

83 p 12]

38
URBAN FOUNDATION FUND—The total amount of cash and pledges received by the

Urban Foundation has now reached the R50-million mark, with a pledge of

$500 000 from Pick "n Pay. This remarkable achievement in just over six

years since the Foundation's inception proves the trust that major business

organizations have in the organisation. On handing over $125 000 as the first

instalment on the pledge, Mr Raymond Ackerman, managing director of Pick 'n

Pay, said that this commitment could be seen as a token of his company's

belief in the Urban Foundation. "In the area of housing," Mr Ackerman said,

"the Foundation has been co-responsible for many of the reforms.- which have

transformed Black housing from its depressive and undignified state five to

six years ago. "Housing is not the only area where the Foundation has developed, there has also been education and business development. "In just

over six years, 631 projects costing R45-million have been launched countrywide—all with the aim of improving the quality of life in urban communities,"

he said. The Foundation, under directorship of Mr Jan Steyn which concerns

itself primarily with housing, education and business development for the

Black community, was formed in 1976 to promote free enterprise, the elimination of discrimination, freedom of choice and individual self-sufficiency,

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 10]

SAUDIS ISSUE HADJI VISAS—Cape Town—Muslim pilgrims to Mecca will leave South

Africa this weekend, the first group to do so since the Saudi Arabian government imposed entry and visit duration restrictions. Cape Town travel agency

spokesman, Mr Achmat Kaskar, said he had obtained visitors' visas for his

clients from the Saudi Arabian Airline's office in Nairobi. These could be

changed to special pilgrim visas later. Another agency spokesman said he had

consulted the Saudi consulate in Addis Ababa and his clients would leave

South Africa on July 25 when special pilgrim visas come into effect. Several

Cape Town pilgrims, who left earlier thisyear, were forced to return to South

Africa after being refused entry by the Saudi Government.—Sapa. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 3]

EXPERTS AT TECHNICOM CONGRESS—Several world experts are among delegates attending a conference in Pretoria on technical communication—a conference

designed to pave the way to better presentation of technical and scientific

information. Ways and means are being discussed at the conference of formulating technical information in such a way as to make it better understood by

laymen. Among the overseas experts are: Dr J Kirkman, attached to the Institute of Science and Technology at the University of Wales; Prof W R Spence,

head of the School of nommunication Studies at the Ulster Polytechnic in

Northern Ireland; Prof Tom Sawyer, communication teacher to engineering students at the University of Michigan, and Dr G Eaves, a deputy research programme director at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 4]

OIL SHIPMENTS ROW—Another row may be brewing over the old issue of oil shipments to South Africa. Allegations concerning Arab oil supplies are again

making news in Holland. In terms of the Petroleum Products Act and/or the

National Supplies Procurement Act reports on this subject may not be published

in South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul 83 p 3]

39
LANSERIA FACELIFT—More than Rl,75-million is to be spent in the coming year

on improvements to Lanseria Airport. The Transvaal Board for the Development

of Peri-urban Areas has also budgeted R236 000 for the first phase of a new

control tower and R 48 715 for airstrip lights. Other amounts provided by

the board are: Rl,2-million on the main Akasia/Rosslyn sewer and $1,6-

million on the area's wateer scheme. R8-million for a new sewerage scheme

for Schoemansville in 1984/85, R468 000 on the area's water scheme this year

and R200 000 on the electricity system. Rl,2-million and Rl,7-million respectively for electricity and sewerage systems in Lenasia South. R200 000 for

a new reservoir at Rayton. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul

83 p 2]

NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY NEEDED—The security profession did not know enough

about the training and techniques of the terrorists and criminals it was up

against. The profession operated "in a kind of vacuum", the protective

services manager for a large oil company, Commandant A B Kitshoff, told a

security conference in Pretoria yesterday. There was, he said, a lack of coordination with the police and defence forces. A central security co-ordinating body should be established to: Formulate a comprehensive national

policy for security in both the public and private sectors. Design a process

for the communication of intelligence "across the entire security spectrum".

Identify all bodies and individuals who have a role in the national security

effort. The public also needed to know more about the threats facing them,

Commandant Kitshoff said. "Knowledge of the enemy is often sadly lacking and

people make ridiculous demands on the forces of law and order to protect them".

[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Jul 83 p 3]

DANGERS OF MILITARISM—The South African Government has been pushed from conservative to radical by Russia, says Dr Peter Vale, director of research for

the South African Institute of International Affairs. He was speaking at the

University of Witwatersrand last night during a discussion held by the institute entitled "South Africa and its neighbours: Co-operation or confrontation". Dr Vale said that, in searching for a doctrine, South Africa had implemented a "massive defence boost between 1976 and 1979". The Prime Minister, Mr P W Botha, had stated his doctrine earlier this year when he said

military force would get rid of nests of ANC in neighboring countries. Professor John Barratt, director-general of the institute, who was also took part

in the discussion, said there is a widespread sense of threat in Southern

Africa which affected attempts to develop the region. He identified three

aims of South African Government policy which were determined by security

needs and were militaristic. These were to remove the African National Congress (ANC) from neighbouring countries, the apparent aim of removing perceived communism from these states and, lastly, to persuade them to deal with

the South African Government and to acknowledge the country's dominence. The

last panel member, Mr Michael Spicer, director of programmes for the institute,

said South Africa had decided on a high profile of militarism in its foreign

affairs. "The public has been conditioned into believing in an actual, not

potential threat, as the Government reiterates the threat," he said. Mr

Spicer said this "raised the ratchet of regional tension". He sounded a

warning on increasing violence in Southern Africa. "Once violence becomes

endemic, it is almost impossible to get out of the situation." [Text]

[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Jul 83 p 3]

Uo
MUNSIEVILLE REMOVAL COST—It will cost about $11 027 633 to complete the longdelayed move of Munsieville township from the white residential area of

Krugersdorp to the local Kagiso township. The move to begin next year is expected to take about two years to complete, having been delayed by a shortage

of funds. The town council has given the West Rand Administration Board $2

million for the coming financial year to establish the infrastructure of the

scheme. Wrab has told the council it has completed plans for two housing

schemes in Kagiso providing 2 025 houses. More funds will be made available

annually until the move is complete, said the Krugersdorp town clerk, Mr

Kobus Nieuwoudt. The member of Parliament for Krugersdorp, Mr Leon Wessels,

told the council that an estimated Rll 027 633 had been approved for the

project and R2 million had been made available for the coming financial year

to start the move. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 83 p 6M]

COAL SALES—Hong Kong—South Africa's coal exporters have hit a bonzana here

with the start-up of a massive coal-fired plant on an offshore island. The

Hong Kong Electric Company facility now in action on the north-west tip of

Lamma Island has helped push sales of South African coal up by more than 450

percent since the beginning of last year. Sources here said it had been

planned to fuel the Lamma Island plant with coal from China from 1985. But

because of China's tardiness in developing its huge coal industry and the

necessary port infrastructure the sources forecast that South Africa could

export profitably until around 1990. The export surge is spectacular and adds glitter to the lack-lustre stastics of Hong KongSouth Africa trade. Some of the coal is also going to the Castle Peak power station

in Kowloon set up by China Light and Power Company. The Lamma Island facility is

one of Asia's biggest coal-fired plants, and has a towering 215-m chimney.

Asia's tallest construction. It is set out on a 50-ha site at Po Lo Suit,

giving directly on to the sea. Planned capacity is 1,800 mw. Present working

capacity is 625mw. Hong Kong Electric chairman David Newbigging told the company's annual general meeting on May 27 that by the end of April the company had

consumed more than one million tons of coal in the 12 months since the first

unit was commissioned. Estimated annual consumption was 2,9 million tons. A

spokesman declined to disclose the amount of coal the company was buying from

South Africa, but the plant's voracious appetite shows up in the trade statistics:

South Africa's coal exports to Hong Kong have soared to HK$112 million in the

first quarter of this year. This is a 460 percent increase on exports for the

corresponding 1982 period. For the whole of 1982 South African coal represented

21 percent of the colony's imports. In the first quarter of this year it made up

52 percent. In the long run China will be a touch competitor. It is making

considerable efforts to develop its potentially world-beating coal industry and

last year output was 666 million tons—a figure which surprised diplomats here,

who had been forecasting about 648-650 million tons. Output in 1981 was 600

million tons. But China has problems. Although eight huge coal projects are

getting top priority China does not have all that much coal to spare as it

provides much of the country's energy. Another problem is that the mam coal

fields are in east central China and the shifting of coal southwards on a

clogged railway system is a constant headache. China's coal-exporting ports

need modernising—and all the coal to Lamma Island has to be shipped. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 83 p 10M]

kl
MAGNUM AIR ROUTE—One of South Africa's largest private airlines, Magnum,

received what could be a crippling blow yesterday when it was advised that

another carrier is to fly its fastest-growing and most lucrative route.

Magnum, which was once—but is no longer—connected to the notorious bankrupt

group of companies of the same name, has been credited for putting Martizburg

on the aviation map. The carrier launched a service between Johannesburg and

the Natal Capital in 1978, after a drawn-out battle with the National Transport Commission and South African Airways. It finally won the right to fly

the route when it took the case to the Supreme Court. But it never actually

held a licence for a non-stop service between Jan Smuts and Pietermaritzburg—

only one which was routed by way of Newcastle. When the Government asked the

airline to rationalise its licences, it applied to the NTC earlier this month

and was opposed by Comair and SAA. Comair applied to operate the route itself

at the same time. A spokesman for Comair told The Star last night it had won

the route application and would be introducing 44-passenger Fokker Friendships

to Maritzburg soon. However, a director of Magnum, Mr John Bescoby, pointed

out that the airline "built up this route from nothing to one of the most

successful in the country". The decision has resulted in the immediate resignation of the chairman of the Airline Association, Mr Sandy Ord, who is also

Magnum's managing director. "We will only know the reasons for the decision

next week. But we do not intend to sit back and accept it. Flights will

continue normally," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

2 Jul 83 p 3]

SASOL OUT OF SOEKOR—Sasol is to withdraw from the Southern Oil Exploration

Corporation (Soekor). the 50 000 shares held by Sasol 1 in Soekor which were

obtained at no cost will be transferred free of charge to an institution

nominated by the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs on August 31. Sasol

will renounce its right to nominate two directors on the board of Soekor,

and Mr D P DeVilliers and Mr J A Stegmann will resign as chairman and director

respectively. It was stated in the two Sasol prospectuses of 1979 that

Soekor was financed with State funds and that should an oil or gas discovery

be made, no automatic rights or commitments would accrue to Sasol. Such rights

could only ensue from negotiation with the state. As the possibility of a

profitable discovery by Soekor increased it became apparent that because of

Sasol's position in the private sector and the fact that Soekor was financed

entirely by the State, an embarrassing situation might develop. Sasol's

negotiating position could be jeopardised if it were interested in whatever

rights or interests might be on offer. The decision to quit Soekor was taken

so that Sasol would not because of its involvement in Soekor be inhibited from

competing on an equal basis for any rights or interests.—Sapa. [Text]

[Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 10]

LID BOOKS—The Department of Internal Affairs is geared to issue 150 000

identity books before the end of October, providing the applications are submitted before the end of September. A senior official said yesterday: "We

would like to have a book in everybody's hands by the end of October, and if

we get the necessary co-operation from the public this is possible." He

added that priority was being given to applications from whites, because of

the looming referendum on the Government's constitutional proposals. If the

applications were properly completed and the load was spread between now and

the end of September, there should be no problem, the official said. He said

U2
there was no big backlog of applications. In the Assembly last week, the

Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr F W de Klerk, announced plans to link the

referendum voting to identity books. The Minister added that the Government

was considering far reaching amendments to the Referendum Act. If implemented they would mean voters would use their ID books instead of voters'

rolls when casting their referendum vote. After casting their votes, voters

could have their ID books stamped. They could vote wherever they happended

to find themselves on "R Day". Mr De Klerk was also confident that applications submitted before the end of September would be processed within four

weeks. The Minister's announcement is taken as a strong hint that the

referendum will be held in late November or early December. The Minister said

his department estimated 150 000 potential white voters did not have ID books.

The draft Bill to amend the Constitution is being studied by the select committee during the month-long Parliamentary recess. When Parliament reconvenes

next month it will be debated during the committee and third reading stages.

Political observers said that, before the referendum was held, ample time

would have to be given for voters to study the legislation. Ample time, too,

it was pointed out, would have to be given to political parties to put their

views on the legislation to the electorate. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY

MAIL in English 5 Jul 83 p 5]

UNBANNED LEADERS DISMISS ' REFORMS'—Durban—Two recently unbanned leaders of

the Natal Indian Congress yesterday rejected the Government's constitutional

proposals and called for one-man-one-vote in South Africa. Mr George

Sewpersadh, NIC president, and Mr M J Naidoo, senior vice-president, who

returned to the congress leadership after their banning orders had been

lifted, said the NIC was committed to a freedom charter in which the constitutional proposals were out of place. "In no ways can the Indian community

accept them," they said. Mr Sewpersadh and Mr Naidoo, both lawyers, said the

NIC would decide soon if the Indian community would take part in any referendum

on the promised political reforms. They also rejected as completely unacceptable a recent survey carried out by Professor Lawrence Schlemmer, head of

the Centre for Applied Social Sciences at the University of Natal, which

found that more Chatsworth residents favoured the South African Indian Council

than the NIC. Mr Sewpersadh said: "The people in Chatsworth responded

magnificently to the NIC call to stay away from the SAIC's elections in

November 1981. "That test of NIC strength and influence makes non-sense of

the findings of Prof Schlemmer's little poll." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND

DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 83 p 5]

FEW ENGLISH POLICEWOMEN—A record 331 women recruits reported for training at

the SA Police College in Pretoria yesterday, the biggest single group of

would-be women constables ever to do so. Of these, only 34—or 10,6%—were

English speaking. Brigadier Duveen Botha, commander of the SA Women Police,

described the English intake as "disappointingly low". Brig Botha said it was

difficult to pinpoint the reasons why English-speaking girls did not seem interested in a police career. She said they possibly felt there was a stigma

attached to police work because it was part of the Civil Service and therefore

Afrikaner dominated. Brig Botha said she had asked English-speaking girls

what the reaction of their friends had been when told they were going to the

Police College for further studies. "In the majority of cases, these girls

U3
"were told by their friends that they were 'mad' and they were laughed at,"

she said. Yesterday's intake was so large that part of the men's accommodation had to be made available for six platoons of girl students. A feminine

touch was given to these quarters, however, by providing extra mirrors and

ironing boards as well as washing lines. Although the course normally takes

5-1/? months, six of the students will only attend the course for 3-1/2

months because of qualifications already gained. Two have already served

in the Defence Force and four have BA degrees. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND

DAILY MAIL in English 6 Jul 83 p 2]

AZASM MEETING—Pietersburg—More than 300 students from all over South Africa

attended the inaugural congress of the Azanian Students' Movement (Azasm)

at Houtbosdrop, near Pietersburg, at the weekend. The congress was addressed

by former South African Students' Organisation (Saso) executive members,

including Mr Strini Moodley and Mr Pandelani Nefolovhodwe, both former Robben

Island prisoners. The president of the Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo),

Mr Lybon Mabaso, was among others who delivered speeches on the congress theme:

"Mobilise, consolidate and educate towards an anti-racist new Azania." Messages of solidarity came from black consciousness organisations. At the end of

the congress yesterday, Mr Kabelo Langane, of the University of the North, was

elected president and Mr Mandla Nkosi vice-president. In his address, Mr

Lengane said that when Saso moved from black conciousness to nonracialism in

1981, it should have realised there would be a backlash in the shape of Azasm.

"After the 1977 clampdown on black consciousness organisations, white liberals

and other forces shouted that black consciousness had completed its circle,

but you and I know what the truth is," he said. "We are going to maintain

our indepedence but we shall always owe our unqualified allegiance to

Azapo."—Sapa. [TextJ [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Jul 83 p 2]

FROST DELAYS PONGOLA CROPS—Pongola—Severe frost has resulted in considerable crop damage in the Pongola area. The chairman of the Cane Growers Association, Mr Hennie de Villiers, said yesterday it was estimated that

vegetable growers had lost about 400 000 cases of tomatoes and that farmers

growing lettuce had lost their entire crops. Sugar Cane has also been dealt

another blow on top of the drought and the official estimate of the decrease

in the crop this year was now 50 000 tons.—Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE

CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 13]

WATER SUPPLY PLANS—Research on the next generation of dams, reservoirs, barrages and weirs in South Africa has already started—on paper at least. The

work is being done by Netherlander Mr T H op ten Noort, a member of the Water

Systems Research Programme team at the University of the Witwatersrand. He

is examining ways of planning dam and reservoir sizes by mapping out areas of

surplus water and researching river flow records. The work involves analysis

of the volume of rainfall run-off—water that runs into rivers, streams and

other water courses and in some cases back into the ocean. Mr op ten Noort

says water storage can be provided for relatively little money on rivers in

which there is little variance in the flow rate. "It is difficult to get a

standard definition of what is a drought because of the flow factor," he said.

"The textbooks tell us we have a drought when water cannot be provided and

there is no rainfall or moisture. "In Natal, where the flow variability factor

is low compared with those in the north-eastern Cape and south-western

Transvaal, we have identified storage sites which could be developed without

huge dams being built." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul 83

P 5]

CSO: 3400/1649
ZIMBABWE

ASSEMBLY APPROVES $8 MILLION DEFENSE BUDGET RAISE

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 30 Jun 83 p 9

[Text] The House of Assembly unanimously approved the increase of the Defence

budget for the financial year 1982 and 83, which ends today by $8 000 000.

The Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Cde Bernard

Chidzero, told the House during the debate at the second supplementary estimates of expenditure, that it had been found necessary to increase the Defence budget at this stage, "in view of the current security situation in the

country".

Cde Chidzero said the demobilisation exercise was moving on very slowly and

that it had been found necessary to ask for an additional $8 000 000 in order

to maintain the size of the army.

The additional funds, the Minister added, would be used to buy equipment

clothing and feed the army.

The Minister said, it was, therefore, for the good of the nation that the

Defence budget should go up because of the importance the army played on the

defence of the nation.

Mr Dennis Divaris (Independent Kopje) asked the Minister why it was necessary to increase the Defence budget now, when the Minister had been reported

as having said the Defence budget would be halved.

But Cde Chidzero told the House that at no time had he said this.

"At present the vote for Defence is under 20 percent of the total appropriation and it is possible that as the demobilisation process continues, it may

be possible to cut it by 10 percent," the Minister explained.

But because the demobilisation exercise was moving slowly and in view of the

security situation in the country, it was not now possible to cut the Defence

budget.

The Minister was unable to give details of the demobilisation exercise, saying it was up to the Minister of Defence to brief the House.

k$
Cde Chidzero also said, in view of this, the size of the army was still the

same and as such it was too expensive.

"We had estimated we would be feeding a smaller army than we are now," he

said.

Mr Paddy Shields (Independent Bulawayo Central) complained of misuse of equipment by the army.

He said huge army lorries were now being driven around the main cities of

Zimbabwe by soldiers, and that this was misusing equipment.

But the Minister again said the Government would take steps to ensure it is

used properly.

The House also approved $250 000 additional expenditure for the Public Service

during this ending financial year.

The Minister responsible for the Public Service, Mr Chris Andersen, said the

money was needed for the settlement loans for civil servants.

CSO: 3400/1634

he
ZIMBABWE

MINISTER MOVEN MAHACHI SPEAKS ON RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 23 Jun 83 p 3

[Text]

THE Government's resettlement programme is

gaining momentum, the

Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Develtpment, Cde Moven Maaöhi, said in ah interview published in the

latest edition of the Murimi-Umlimi magazine.

The statement is an answer to what the Minister

»said was unjustified criticism of the programme by

?people who held "erroneous

..views about it".

% < The Minister cited figures

of the land which has been

.acquired for resettlement.

?: These figures show that

:,total land areas acquired

..for resettlement during the

(.first half of the present

'.financial year have increased more than fourfold

compared'to land acquired

during the same period

last year.

f "On this point alone,"

"said the Minister, "it is

•quite clear that the programme is gaining momentum and not winding up as

* some critics and prophets

of doom would want to see

happen."

x Cde Mahachi said over

MO-OOOha had been ploughed

and inputs had been provided to get the settlers

Istarted.

# About 1400 000 ha had

vbeen surveyed and de-

, marcated and road arid diptanks provided.

•«'Holdings have been allocated to 15 637 settler-

»families under the intensive

programme, with 11 313 of

" them catered for during the

present financial year alone,'

he said.'

Refuting^ critics' suggest

tions that the programme

was not moving well, Cde

Mahachi said the rate of

monthly expenditure was

sufficient indicator that the

programme was expanding.

During the first quarter

of 1982 the expenditure was

between $300 000 and

$500 000. This increased to

over $1000 000 during the

last two months of the

same year.

The Minister said the programme was inhibited by

some constraints jn the acquisition of land, some of

which was not' ideal for

: productive resettlement.

There . was also the problem of rising land costs,

coupled with development

costs which in some cases

had gone up by 100 percent.

Cde Mahachi said in

order to achieve the national target of settling 162 000

families during the ThreeYear Transitional National

Development Plan, a new

and comprehensive land acquisition policy was being

developed to remove the

constraints.

"This will enable forwardplanning by Government

teams and the commercial

farmer offering land for

resettlement, thus ensuring

that the land never gets

out of production for a

season or so as it changes

hands," said Cde Mahachi.

A monitoring unit would

be set up to review the

programme with the objective of identifying any

bottlenecks so that timely

remedial action can be

taken, he said.

CSO: 3400/1634

hi
ZAPU LEADER CHINAMANO PLEDGES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Jul 83 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

ZAPU has given the Government proposals aimed at eliminating bandi

in Matabeleland, the party's acting president, Cde Josiah Chinama

said yesterday.

Cde Chinamano, who

was addressing a party

meeting at Harare's Arcadia Community Hall, said

banditry was the major

problem that confronted

the Government.

"I want to make It

clear that Zapu does not

support armed banditry

and that it (armed banditry) is not the making of

Zapu. Zapu has no right

or ability to stop that

kind of dissidence. But

like all good Zimbabweans

we are prepared to assist

the Government in bringing down dissidence.

"We have put forward

plans and ideas to the

Government so that dissidence can be eliminated.

"We say to the Government, *we are with you

in your attempts to eliminate dissidence number

one' (armed banditry)."

He also said that it

was wrong to assume that

only the Zapu ministers

and deputy ministers were

the ones who supported

the Government.

Cde Chinamano stressed that it was necessary

for Zanu (PF) and Zapii

to forge unity but "no

unity" will be forced at

the top level without consulting you the povo".

Although Cde Chinamano told his party followers that he did not

have anything to report to

them on the unity talks,

he claimed that the Zanu-

(PF) concept of unity was

that everyone must become its member.

"This is a non-starter.

There are other methods

of attaining unity and not

this one.

"When we have something to report to you on

the unity talks, we will

do so."

He added that- the

party's president, fir

Joshua Nkomp, now In

Britain, left the country

after reliable sources had

informed him that his life

was in danger.

But when Dr Nkomo

left he did not say he was

going to live in exile and

die there.

He would only remain

outside until the situation

improved.

Dr Nkomo would return

home "soon, but the party

is reluctant to say to Cde

Nkomo 'come back' or

that he should stay in

exile. We feel that this

should be his personal

decision having assessed

the situation . in Zimbabwe," Cde Chinamano

said.

PRAISE

He claimed that the

people in Matabeleland

were buying Zanu (PF)

cards "to protect themselves and when it comes

to the voting we will shock

Zanu (PF)."

He praised the Government in its efforts to train

teachers, saying that

bringing in expatriate

teachers should be a last

measure. He also commended it for the way it

was handling the resettlement scheme, but warned

that resettlement areas

could become depleted of

natural vegetation if

measures were not taken

to prevent wanton destruction of trees.

Zapu's central committee member and MP tor

Matabeleland North, Cde

Sydney Malunga, appealed

to the Government to halt

the soaring cost of living.

He saia that Zanu was

keen to help in develooing the country. "We support the Government,'1

CSO: 3400/1632

hQ
POWER PROJECT AT HWANGE FALLS BEHIND SCHEDULE

Harare THE HERALD in English 5 Jul 83 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

EULAWAYO.

THE Hwange thermal

power station is behind

schedule by seven months,

according to the general

manager of Waakle Colliery Company Limited,

Mr George Julyan.

Mr Julyan said yesterday, however, the Electricity Supply Commission

had assured the coliery

company that generation

of power would begin

this month.

The late schedule of the

plant came to light during the Prime Minister

Cde Mugabe's visit tc the

colliery on Friday.

In a speech welcoming

the Prime Minister, Mr

Julyan said there had been

much progress and exciting development at the

colliery during the past

two and a half years. The

development revolved

around the mine's opencast expansion project and

the power station, he said.

While it was obvious

that the power station

could not run without

coal it was equally

obvious the mine's expanded operations needed

the power station to be

viable, Mr Julyan said.

"It is therefore a

matter of some concern

that the anticipated level

of off-take by the power

station has not yet been

realised," he told Cde

Mugabe.

Clarifying the statement yesterday, Mr

Julyan said the power

station had been sehe- r

duled to start generation

in December—1882, but

some problems had

cropped up which caused

the late running of the

completion schedule and

the Government was

aware of this.

The ESC had now indicated that power generation would be achieved

this month. Mr Julyan

said that to spite of the

delay, the colliery was

committed to buying an

expansion project on

steam., within budget -and

on schedule.

On. the mine's coke production problems, he said

a breakdown in the coke

ovens had left only 19 of

the plant's 32 working.

This meant that only

11000 tonnes of coke

per month were being

processed instead of the

production capacity of

18 000 tonnes.

Mr Julyan said it was

planned to bring back

into production a further

four ovens by the er>d of

the year. The current production of raw coal is in

the region of 230 000

tonnes per month, with

180 000 tonnes of it being

mined by opencast

methods.

The mine sells 30 000

tonnes of the opencast

production to the power

station per month, the

balance of 150 000 tonnes

and the 50 000 tonnes

from underground going

to customers other than'

the new thermal power

station.

CSO: 3400/1632

li9
PRICE OF POWER RISES BY UP TO 53 PERCENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Jul 83 p 1

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

ELECTRICITY charges throughout Zimbabwe went up by between

33,7 and 53 percent yesterday after Central African Power

Corporation raised its bulk supply tariff to the ESC and the Harare

and Bulawayo electricity undertakings

by 60 percent.

The increases were

announced in Harare

yesterday by the Minister of Industry and

Energy Development,

Dr Simba Makoni.

For consumers of power

in the Harare municipal

area, the power charges

have Increased by 38,4

percent, while consumers

in the licensed area outside the city had theirs

increased by 48,9 percent.

The increases for Bulawayo consumers will be'

48.5 percent, while charges in Gweru. went up 38

percent and in Mutare by

38.6 percent.

For the consumers of

power from the ESC, the

60 percent increase from

Capco will mean an increase of 33,7 percent for

the urban domestic, rural

domestic, urban block

power, rural block power

and farming consumers.

For industrial demand

supply of more than

300kVA and that less

than lOOOOkVA as well

as large industries with a

power supply of 10 000

kVA from the ESC, the

charges have been increased to 45,7 percent

CSO; 3400/1632

The charges of loadlimited domestic supply

and those of churches and

street lighting go up by

33,7 percent. The maximum, increases of 53 percent are for the country's four largest industrial complexes, .imong

them Sable Chemicalc and

Zimbabwe Alloys.

In February 80 000 residents in the Harare municipal area had theii electricity charges.- increased

by 9,27 percent.

The Ministry of Industry and Energy Development had increased the

loan agreement development levy, charged to all

electricity undertakings in

Zimbabwe and used to

finance the Hwange thermal power statior project, from 20 to 38,5

percent from January 1

this year.

In October last year,

when Capco put up its

charges, the city had to

pay 54 percent more for

its bulk supplies and

Harare residents with

metered electricity were

charged an average of 59

percent more.

Dr Makoni said Capco

had applied for 100 percent increase but the

Government told it that

the economy would not be

able to absorb such a

large rise. , The major reason for

such a hike was the need

to finance, from Zimbabwe's own resources, a

substantial component of

the Hwange Stage Two

thermal power station

from "very stringent commercial loans".

The other was that this

was the first development

and not hydro power,

made it more exoensive.

Dr Makoni said that by

the time the fourth unit

of Hwange was commissioned $451 million would

have gone into the construction of the country's

new power source.

Dr Makoni said the

agricultural, mining and

manufacturing sectors

could ask the Government for assistance "as

and when these enterprises can clearly convince the Government that

they are unable to carry"

the increased costs.

"We have looked' at all

options and have found

ourselves with very limited scope for minimising

in power in the last 30

years and being thermal,

this increase. All enterprises applying for assistance will be looked on

their individual cases."

5o
CO-OPS GET RADIOS AND TV'S FROM YUGOSLAVIA

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jun 83 p 7

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

CO-OPERATIVES and rehabilitation centres

will be given 60 radios and 25 TV sets presented

to the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications by the Republic of Yugoslavia

yesterday.

The equipment was

received from the Yugoslav Ambassador, Cde

Djuro Vukolic, by the

Deputy Minister of Information, Posts and

Telecommunications, Dr

Naomi Nhiwatiwa, at

the Ruwa Rehabilitation

Centre outside Harare.

Tähe gift is the fulfilment of a promise made

by a Yugoslav delegation

while visiting Zimbabwe

last year.

Cde Vukolic said he" had

reoommended to the Zimbabwean Ministry of In-

• formation that the sets be

distributed to rural co-*

operatives and rehabilitation centres around the

country, and it was appropriate that the presentation had taken place

at the National Rehabilitation Centre at Ruwa.

IMPRESSED

He was "most impressed" with the progress he had seen at

Ruwa since his last visit,

and urged trainees to "be

proud of what your

Government is doing on

this site".

Thanking the ambassador for the gift, Cde

Nhiwatiwa said the sets

would add a new dimension to the lives of the

disabled, elderly and orphaned, who would be entertained and educated.

CSO: 3400/1632

and have the burden of.

loneliness eased.

Yugoslavia . and Zimbabwe had a long history

of solidarity, and Yugoslavia had provided a

source of inspiration for

Zimbabwe's non-aligned

stand.

Cde Nhiwatiwa said TVs

and radios would go some

way to bridsre the information gap of people living

in the rural areas.

In developing countries,

one in 30 people received

a newspaper daily, one in

500 had access to a TV

set, and one in 18 had

access to a radio. In developed countries every

third person reads a daily

paper, one in 12 has a TV

set and everyone has

access to a radio.

, Cde Nhiwatiwa said the

Government was trying to

redevelop the economy

and that it was "ever

mindful of the sacrifices

made by our disabled excombatants".

The Minister of Labour

and Social Services, Cde

Kumbirai Kangai, also attended the ceremony to

receive some sets for

rehabilitation centres,

presented to his ministry

by the Ministry of Information.

Other top officials from

the Ministries of Lands,

Resettlement and Rural

Development, and of Information were guided

around the Ruwa complex

before the presentation.

New dormitories, with

three sleeping units for

three people each, a kitchen, a bathroom and a

living. room, are under

construction.

A new kitchen unit for

the complex, with a staff

dining room and a

separate dining room able

to seat 300 trainees, is almost complete.

A covered corridor leads

to a recreation1hall and

library and a therapy

block, which has a new

hydro - therapy indoor

swimming pool, with steps

and rails to enable the disabled to get in and out

INSTALLED

All the new fixtures in

the building's have been

installed with the needs of

the disabled in mind.

Most of the students at

Rtrwa are now attending

Danhiko School, but when

the new S7,5 million complex is finished they will

hare academic classes

close to where they live.

Touring the complex,

Cde Vukolic said the commitment of the Government to helping disabled

ex-combatants was evident

in the size and facilities of

the buildings.

He hoped the centre

would be able to accommodate disabled from

other Southern African

countries as well.

5i
ZIMBABWE

LABOR MINISTER SAYS COUNTRY NEEDS $120 MILLION FOR DROUGHT AID

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

THE Government needs $120 million for drought relief aid

able to feed the 2,5 million people affected, the Minister of

Social Services, Cde

Kumbirai Kangai, said

yesterday.

The previous figure had

been estimated at §111,9

million but it was later

realised that $120 million

would be needed to feed

the people as from April 1

1983' to April 30 1984.

"The money has to be

raised from somewhere if

we are to make sure that

our people do not starve."

Speaking at a Press

conference in Harare yesterday after his return

from the International

Labour Organisation seminar in Geneva, he said the

European Economic Community had given Zimbabwe drought aid worth

$1,3 million and a further

?500 000 for the purchase

of beans from abroad.

"When I held discussions with the EEC in

Brussels on the drought

situation in Zimbabwe

they gave us this amount.

However, I raised other

issues such as the need

for drilling rigs, personnel,

transport problems and

others. They said they

would let us know after

their meeting to be held

on July 6."

He said that the estimated amount of money

needed for the drought

relief had been worked out

on the assumption that

the next rainy season

would be good. The aid

would cater for both

people and livestock. It

had been found out that

2 000 boreholes were

needed in drought-stricken

areas.

Cde Kangai aaid that he

had held talks with the

Lutheran World Foundation on the drought, situation and they had promised to assist in the

drought relief programme.

He said there nad been a

substantial response from

local non - Government

organisations 'and 1 think

they can be able to contribute more".

The first meeting in

Geneva had been of Commonwealth labour and

employment ministers

which discussed ways of

creating more jobs. The

meeting resolved that employment could be boosted

by the creation of rural

development projects,

focusing on labour intensive, projects and training and upgrading of

workers.

A small working party

had been established and

was given the responsibility of visiting various

countries to see how techif it is to be

Labour and

nology was benefiting

developing countries. Industrial training had been

recommended strongly if

the developing countries

were to stop Importing

personnel.

The recommendations

the ministers agreed on

would be sent to the

Commonwealth heads of

states meeting to be held

in India next year.

Discussions were held

with developed countries

on their experiences when

they were still developing.

"These discussions were

of great interest to us.

When the meeting ends

on July 22 my delegation

that remained behind will

bring enough knowledge

that Zimbabwe might be

able to use in its struggle

to avoid unemployment."

The committee on apartheid resolved that South

Africa should be isolated

in the fields of trade and

sports.

Cde Kangai said that

the ILO conference was

impressed by the Prime

Minister's speech. "Many

delegations were impressed by the contents of this

speech and this was a

great honour for our

country as well as my

delegation."

CSO: 5000/210

$2
INDUSTRIAL DECENTRALIZATION POLICY PLANNED

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 30 Jun 83 p 3

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

THE Government is in the

process of Hrmulat.ing a

national indüS> if deeentralis;it;jn policy, the Minister

of Industry an«! Energy Development, Cde Siraba

Makoni, has announced.

' Addressing local Chambers of Commerce ai council

offices in Chinhoyi, Cde

Makoni said the major objective of a decentralisation

• policy was to achieve < quitable aud balanced national

development based on a

I rational, spatial or geographical as well as sectoral distribution of productive activities and services.

This would result in:

® The development of industrial activities in any

given area based on the

availability <A adequate resources to generate a viable

and sustainable enterprise.

© The curbing .of disproportionate movement of

labour and people generally

from the. less -developed rural areas and small towns

to the big towns and cities:

i.e. to limit rural to urban

migration.

© To curb the emergence

of further growth of socioeconomic problems such as

poverty, ili-health, unemployment, slum-dwellings.

and moral decay, associated

with large city population

concentrations and

© To get, jobs to the

people rather than people to

the jobs, to acceierate

national economic development and to raise. ' the

standards of living of the

people as a whole:

The Minister said that

the target areas for decentralisation would have

to be made attractive to the

investor, so the required

services and infrastructural

developments would have to

be supplied to provide a

sound base for investment.'

"It is also hoped that the

technical consultancy and

financial services to be

provided by the Small

Enterprises Development

Corporation (SEDCO) will

be biased in favour of not

only small and medium

scale industries, but more

so those that meet decentralisation criteria." ,

Priority for selection of

enterprises would be based

on maximum use of local

resources for strong links

between the material base

and the processing capacity, the greater employment of labour and the

supply of strategic commodities or services needed

for the development of the

area.

"One of the most obvious

areas of inducement or decentralisation is financial

inducement. In 1982. Government, through the Finance (No. ?) Bill, which was

approved by Parliament, set

out tax allowances and rebates which investors may

claim if they invest in a

target area for decentralisation.

"It must be clearly understood, however, that the

success or failure of the

policy depends more on the

investor's commitment or

lack of it to the policy.

"Without minimising the

impact of clear and determined Government direction, its efforts can only be

promotional and supportive

to those of the public and

private investor.

"To the extent that Government is an investor,

either directly or through

parastatals, I expect productive enterprises to take

the lead and go out to the

, people.

"We also see industrial

co-operatives playing an

important role in the

achievement of industrial

, decentralisation. At present

70 percent of all our manufacturing enterprises are

located in Bulawayo or

Harare." — Own Corr.

CSO: 3400/1634

53
ZIMBABWE

BOTSWANA RAIL TAKEOVER WILL BE GRADUAL

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 23 Jun 83 p 3

[Text] Feasibility studies on the gradual takeover by Botswana of the National

Railways of Zimbabwe's railway line in that country are still going on, the

Botswana Minister of Works and Communications, Mr Colin Blackbeard, said in

Harare yesterday.

He did not disclose the amount of money required for the takeover but said

that his country would need help from elsewhere.

"We have to get the money from donor agencies and other international organisations and we envisage that the gradual takeover will be from 1986/87 to

1990."

Mr Blackbeard was speaking at a Press conference at Harare Airport yesterday

soon after his arrival from Botswana. He was met by the Minister of Transport, Cde Farai Masango.

The Minister is in Zimbabwe to discuss with his counterpart the rail takeover

training needs and localisation of personnel.

He said there were 447 Batswana technicians and artisans and several locomotive

drivers who were attached to the NRZ on the Bulawayo to Mafeking route to gain

the necessary experience.

"Our artisans were trained for four years in Kenya while locomotive drivers

were trained in Malawi. All are doing on-the-job training with the NRZ.

"But we still need more personnel, which is one of the aspects I have come to

discuss with my counterpart," he said.

Asked on the alleged indiscipline by some Botswana nationals working with the

NRZ, he said: "When they are here they are under the disciplinary regulations

of the NRZ."

Recently, five Botswana nationals completed a security guards course with other

Zimbabweans. They will be working on the Bulawayo-Mafeking route.—Own Corr.

CSO: 3400/1634
AGRICULTURE GETS TOP PRIORITY

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 22 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

PRESIDENT Banana enumerated a list of Government health, agriculture,

water and education projects to boost the standard

of living of the country's

rural poor.

With the country now in

ths grip of the worst drought of the century, the

President's spaech at the

opening of Parliament laid

considerable eniphssis on

the boosting of agriculture

and water resources.

Rapid expansion, '*ie said,

_was planned for the Chibero, MIezu and Esigodini

Agricultural Training Institutes and the Kushinga Phikelela Centre near Marondera, with a capacity for '

150 students, which had

been donated to the Government.

Programmes were under

way to develop crops more

suitable for production in

the communal areas, and

surveys to examine pests

and diseases common to

these areas would begin

af'y- next month.

Land was to be acquired

in all five provinces for

large-scale State farming,

and the President said planning for the development of

140 000 ha of irrigatable

land in the Chisumbanje

area and the resettlement

of "thousands of families"

had already begun. .

Surveys for the irrigiP

tion schemes in 1116* Lower

Sabi and Rutenga areas

were expected to be completed next year.

Also promised were tillage units to help farmers

without draught oxen,

grain depot constructi'on,

provision of small-scale

credit arid the opening up

of rural technology

centres.

Other water schemes

planned for the year were

the raising of the Antelope

and Mwenje dams to

increase irrigation there.

Two other dams, the

Smallbridge dam to

increase Mutare's water

supply, and another to

. augment Marondera's;

were intended to start this

year.

A major boost for the

Ministry of Health would

be two new 140-bed district

hospitals at Mudzi and

Nkayi, . along with continued renovation and upgrading of other hospitals

and psychiatric units.

Cde Banana promised

that the resettlement programme would be "vastly

extended" to meet the

162 000-family resettlement

target.

But he warned that all

necessary measures would

be taken to ensure that the

land acquired by the State

and allocated to peasants

was used productively.

In education, Cambridge

School Certificate and Higher School Certificate would

be under individual subject

examinations instead of

group subject examinations

from November this year,

and would be written twice

a year from next year as a

move to a uniform examination system.

| A national literacy cami paign was to be launched

this year, with literacy programmes linked to seK-help

projects.

The Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation would extend its television transmitter network to improve the

service's rural coverage.

There were also plans for a

second television channel

and expansion of Radio

Four.

Changes would also be

made to road safety regulations to arrest the rising

rate of accidents and to improve the rural passenger

and goods transport services. — Ziana.

CSO: 340Q/1634

tt
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SWEDEN SIGNS $32M DEALS—Sweden and Zimbabwe yesterday signed eight new development agreements totalling $32m which were negotiated in Harare this week

to gradually decrease economic dependence on South Africa. The programme

emphasises the needs of the rural population in the fields of health, education and transport. Through an import support programme and a personnel and

consultancy fund the programmes contributes to the needs of the modern sector

of the economy. The largest programme would involve education and public

service training with a total of $13m in two years. The main projects would

be the reconstruction of rural primary schools, Zimbabwe Foundation for

Education with Production in refugee schools, teacher training and curriculum development, science kits for secondary schools and other materials. The

Swedish support for rural activities would amount to almost $7m during the

two-year period the largest amount to support training schools for medical

and health assistants. The Zimbabwe Expanded Programme on Immunisation would

also receive financial support. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Jun

83 p 1]

DROUGHT AID POLITICAL PRESSURE ATTACKED—Bulawayo—The Government is against

Zapu councillors who ask people for party cards before issuing drought relief

food as the aid was meant for all Zimbabweans who had been seriously affected

by the drought, the Minister of Mines, Cde Maurice Nyagumbo, has said. Addressing a huge and enthusiastic crowd at Nkayi business centre yesterday,

Cde Nyagumbo warned councillors that they had to follow government policy regardless of their political affiliations. "After independence, you, the

people of Matabeleland chose Zapu members as councillors who are now asking

you for their party cards as a condition to be issued with drought relief aid.

It is us the Government which is issuing this aid and our policy is that this

aid should be given to anyone who is found to be needy regardless of the

party you belong to," he said. The minister reminded such councillors that

it was not all people of their areas who belonged to Zapu. He also said that

there were some mayors who considered a person's party affiliation for them

to get houses or jobs. "Although the government can easily get rid of these

people, we do not want to do so because we want to follow the Government's example of justice for all," he said. Cde Nyagumbo said the country was facing

enough problems from the natural drought and the world recession and therefore,

could not tolerate "suffering brought about by people who wished to disturb

the peace of the country". [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Jun 83

P 3]

%
DISSIDENTS ATTACK RESETTLEMENT VILLAGES—Bulawayo—Dissidents armed with

bazookas, AK and FN rifles attacked two resettlement villages between

Bulawayo and Hwange on Sunday morning, leaving 58 families homeless, according to victims. It was the second attack since the burning of huts at the

Dombodema Resettlement Village on June 11, which left 156 villagers homeless

and several injured. The attackers of villages 24 and 25 at the Mbembesi

Resettlement project, about 60 km east of Lupane, said they belonged to "The

People's Army." The settlements are about 20 km north of the spot where a

band of dissidents abducted six tourists on July 24 last year. The victims

said the dissidents first arrived at Village 24 at 10 pm on Saturday and told

the inhabitants they were surrounded and must remain inside the village. The

attackers then disappeared but returned at 4 am the following day. They woke

the inhabitants and told them to remove their belongings from the huts.

Some people managed to save their property but many were caught still trying

to remove their belongings as the huts were set on fire. The dissidents told

them they were destroying the village because they disagreed with the resettlement system. As the village burned, the attackers fired several shots

into the air. Shots came in response from Village 25 about 10 km away.

The attack on village 25 also started at 4 am. At both places the attackers

threatened to return and kill the people of they remained at the village

sites. Officials from the Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development visited the two villages on Wednesday and promised to send food and

other necessities.—Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jul

83 p 18]

MUGABE HAILED IN MATABELELAND—Bulawayo—While Zapu leader Joshua Nkomo spent

yet another weekend out of the limelight in London 10 000 km away, his home

town of Bulawayo rang to the shouts of "Pamberi ne Zanu, Pamberi na Robert

Mugabe". The 15 000 plus people in Bulawayo's main stadium, which was full

but not packed to capacity, were responding to the rallying cry of Prime

Minister Mugabe for the nation to "go forward with Zanu", the ruling party

which is making an all-out effort to gather support in Matabeleland, traditional stronghold of Mr Nkomo's Zapu party. "Down with the dissidents,"

shouted the crowd, as an exuberant Mr Mugabe, with his wife at his side and

joined by senior security ministers, was driven around the stadium on the

back of an open vehicle. It was the climax to a hectic two days of politicking during which Mr Mugabe toured the sprawling African townships, once

the scene of savage fighting between his former Zanla guerillas and the forces

of Mr Nkomo's Zipra army. Thousands of schoolchildren lined the streets as a

helicopter gunship patrolled overhead and armoured vehicles cruised the dusty

township roads ahead of the Prime Minister's cavalcade of vehicles.—SFS.

[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Jul 83 p 3]

57
LACK OF GRAZING HURTS CATTLE--A total of 4 200 head of cattle died in Gwanda

and Beitbridge districts between January and May because of a lack of grazing, the assistant provincial veterinary officer for Matabeleland South, Dr

Denis Lampard, said yesterday. The grazing in the two districts, he said,

"is extremely poor and cattle are eating leaves." The land was now completely bare, he said. The only answer to the problem of grazing was to destock. On cattle sales, Dr Lampard said the response in the two areas had

been good. Nearly 17 000 head of cattle had been sold to the Cold Storage

Commission since January. People were keen to avoid what happened last year

when most of them suffered heavy losses, he said. According to a senior animal health inspector for the Gwanda-Beitbridge area Cde M. H. Mahanzu, most

of the cattle were still in good health and they were fetching reasonable

prices.—Ziana. [Text] [Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 22 Jun 83 p 3]

ABATTOIRS' RENOVATIONS—Zimbabwe is spending $2 000 000 to bring two of its

abattoirs up to international specifications, the general manager of the Cold

Storage Commission, Mr Eddie Cross, said yesterday. The renovations are

necessary to meet standards set by the European Economic Community (EEC)

under the Lome Convention. Zimbabwe has been a member of the convention,

together with [figure indistinct] other African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)

group countries, since Independence in 1981. Although the country has received much aid under the agreement, it has not been able to sell its beef

to the Community as sanctioned under the EEC/ACP accord because the 10 EEC

members have insisted on certain abattoir standards before they will register

Zimbabwe. Mr Cross said the country was spending $1 000 000 on each abattoir

in Chinhoyi and Marondera to meet EEC specifications. "The work is due to be

completed in August. By September, we will be ready for the EEC veterinary

inspectors," Mr Cross said. "We expect to pass the examinations, and then go

flat out to get the two plants ready to export our beef by April next year,"

he said. [Text] [Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 24 Jun 83 p 1]

COST OF LIVING GOES UP—The cost of living for the lower income urban families

of Zimbabwe rose 0,5 percent between March and April, and has risen 6.4 percent since January—the equivalent of 25,8 percent over the year, the latest

Government statistics show. The main contributions to the cost of living increases for the lower-paid were boosts in the prices of clear and opaque beer.

For the better-off urban families it rose 7,3 percent between early January

and early April—the equivalent of almost 30 percent over the year. Between

March 8 and April 8, the cost of living rose 9,9 percent due to increases in

the prices of potatoes, onions, clothing, furniture, new cars, car spares

and school fees. But fruit and eggs declined in prices. Between April 8 last

year and the same date this year, the cost of living rose 19,9 percent for the

lower-paid and 16,1 percent for the better-off.—Own Corr. [Text] [Bulawayo

THE CHRONICLE in English 23 Jun 83 p 11]

CREDIT REDIRECTED TO PRODUCTION—The Government has decided to direct credit

away from consumption goods to productive sectors such as farming, transport

and manufacturing, the Deputy Minister of Finance, Cde Morton Malianga, said

in Bulawayo last night. He told the inauguration dinner of the Institute of

Credit Management of Zimbabwe that the Government and the Reserve Bank watched

the position very carefully to ensure no more credit business was done than

the economic and financial structure of the country could stand. It was also

58
necessary to ensure that the amount spent on consumer goods did not adversely

affect the national development effort. "The Government has presently decided,

in the national interest, to direct credit away from non-essential and postponable purposes, which are largely consumption goods, to productive business

sectors, such as farming, transport and manufacturing, which are vital to the

Zimbabwean economy." National liquidity was not good and was likely to remain

thus for some-time and credit managers could help the Government direct funds

away from consumption to financing development. Meanwhile, the institute is

planning to set up a full-time course in credit management at the Bulawayo

Technical College and discussions are already under way, the president, Mr

Bill Robinson, said at the meeting. At present there was only one course in

credit management in the country, a diploma course at a correspondence college.

Two Zimbabwean students had gained the top places recently in this course, in

competition with students from all over Southern Africa, Mr Robinson said.

Cde Malianga officiated in the unveiling of the plaque and was given honorary

membership and for the Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development,

Cde Bernard Chidzero.—Chronicle Reporter-Own Corr. [Text] [Bulawayo THE

CHRONICLE in English 23 Jun 83 p 1]

EEC FOOD AID—Zimbabwe will be among three countries in Southern Africa which

will be given emergency food aid worth $1 200 000 by the EEC, an EEC spokesman confirmed yesterday in Harare. An announcement from the EEC headquarters

in Brussels said that the organisation had approved community food aid to

Lesotho, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, all of which have been suffering from severe

drought. Dr Friedrich Nagel, EEC counsillor in charge of agricultural projects

in Zimbabwe, said Zimbabwe would be given between 1 200 and 1 500 tonnes of

beans worth about Z$45 000. He said the beans would probably be bought in

Kenya and would be handled by the Grain Marketing Board. Dr Nagel said he

did not know when the consignment would be sent to Zimbabwe but he hoped it

would be as soon as possible. Mozambique will be given 2 300 tonnes of cereals

and 350 tonnes of vegetable oil worth a total of about Z$500 000 and Lesotho

would be given food aid worth Z$300 000.—Ziana. [Text] [Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 24 Jun 83 p 9]

CSO: 5000/210 END

$9