/9317
cso: 3400/155

along the Kavango River is
deteriorating. There is a high in-
cidence of TB, malaria, amoebiasis
and fiver disease (due to
alcoholism), and bilharzia than
some years ago. But people who live
further into ‘the bush seem
healthier?

If there are different reasons for
this situation, the main one remains
the incorrect development approach:
of the State, fostering unemploy-
ment and destroying the traditional
social structures because everything
is imposed from above without con-
sulting the people.

The latter have no means of in-
tegrating within themselves the pro-
cess of development, as the main
aim of development remains profit
and not participation.

Due to unemployment and the
lack of strong and accepted social
structures, people of the Kavango
tend to drink more than ever before
in order to forget reality — helped
along by their fatalistic religious
beliefs (It is God’s will’).

The Kavango Government fears
to take unpopular measures (eg
reduce the selling of sugar and
alcohol), because it could lose a
potential electorate. It does nothing
to tackle this problem. Perhaps
alcoholics are less dangerous
politically.

The children are affected the
worst by this sad situation. Two
thirds of the children at Nyangana
hospital suffer from TB, a typical
social disease arising from

55

unhealthy living conditions. The
mortality rate among children bet-
ween one to five years is also very

| high. According to nurses ‘There is

not one family who has not suf-

‘ fered the loss of at least one child’

It seems senseless to cure people
who then'continue to live in condi-
tions conducive to promoting
diseases. Educating people to utilise
hygienic methods, to proper diet
and the use of clean water, are the
first steps in health services in Third
World countries. .

The new bush clinics recently
started by a German organisation
will be ineffectual if a primary
health care programme is not
simultaneously started.

According to.a source aware of
the health situation in Tanzania,
people are generally healthier there
than in Namibia because of such
programmes.

Radio kavango, which could be
of tremendous help in this regard
is apathetic and is used only for
political and religious propaganda.

Being the most fertile part of the
country, Kavango could feed the
whole of Namibia if proper
development with participation by
the people was fostered.

Yet, Jast year, people were near to
hunger. The ‘total strategy’ on all
vital levels of Kavango society is
certainly not in the interest of the
people, with the overwhelming ma-
jority being poor, illiterate and
unhealthy, while their authorities,
who do not want to lose their
privileges, offer the same autocratic
tribal pattern as in the past.



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

SURRENDER OF FIREARMS ORDERED--Maseru--A member of the Lesotho military coun-
cil announced over government radio yesterday that everyone in the country
must turn in their firearms, Col Sekhobe Letsie, a member of the Military
Council that took over in Lesotho last January, said people found with fire-
arms they did not turn in voluntarily would be arrested and charged. He said
more than 1,000 Soviet-made AK-47 assault rifles had been confiscated by the
Royal Lesotho Defence Force since January. The firearm is a favoured weapon of
the African National Congress, The January 20 change of government in Lesotho
followed a near-blockade by South African troops, checking every car that
crossed the borders to make sure weapons were not being smuggled to ANC mem-
bers in South Africa. The previous Lesotho government had good relations with
the ANC, allowing many of its members refuge in the country, while the new
government has deported many ANC members. Col Letsie also announced that
three people had been killed and one seriously injured by AK-47 rifles in the
past week, He gave no further details. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 25 Jul 86 p 10} /9274

PUBLIC UTILITIES RENAMED--Maseru--The Military Council of Lesotho has decided
to remove the name of the former Prime Minister, Chief Leabua Jonathan, from
all public utilities throughout the country, Radio Lesotho announced yester-
day, Leabua Jonathan Airport in Maseru has been renamed Mejametalana Airport
and the north-south trunk road in Maseru, Leabua Highway, has been renamed Main
South I and Main North I, referring to the sections of the highway south and
north of the capital, The board carrying the name "Leabua Highway" across the
road and the cathedral circle in Maseru was destroyed by angry demonstrators
on January 20, the day of the coup that toppled Chief Jonathan. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 86 p 14] /9274

csO: 3400/351

21



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names ‘preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SWAZILAND

POLITICAL POWER REPORTEDLY BACK WITH MONARCHY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jun 86 p 10

{Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

The Swazi ship of state — if that
term can be used for a landlocked
country — appears to have been put
serenely back on its royal course by
the coronation of King Mswati III.

But just whose hand is on the
tiller is unknown outside the inner
circle of royal family members and
tribal elders who control the Gov-
ernment.

The coronation flags and decora-

tions have been taken down and the
unsold souvenirs have been moved

to the back shelves of the shops. But

the jubilation with which Swazis
welcomed their new king two

months ago lingers on in the public::,

mood.

Mswati’s coronation was joyously
celebrated by the Swazis because
they believed it marked the end of
the political turmoil that followed
the death of King Sobhuza II. They
saw it as finally removing the
threat of the Government being
jacked by a small gang of poli
cians and their henchmen.

No time wasted

At the celebrations in the national
stadium the day after Mswati’s in-
stallation the feelings of the nation
came across clearly in the raptur-
ous reception he was given by the
packed crowd.

Since then the young king has
spent much of his time going out
into Swaziland to meet the people at
grassroots level in a series of local
gatherings. He (or his advisers)
wasted no time, however, in tighten-

jing'the monarchy’s grip on political
, Power.
{-_ One of Mswati’s first acts was to
dismiss the Ligogo, an important
body whose functions traditionally
‘had been confined to giving the king
-ladvice but which had been turned
f into a powerful political tool by the
politicians who took control after
Sobhuza died.

‘Whether the Ligoqo-has been per-
manently done away with or just
put on a shelf is uncertain. But its
dismissal appears to have put politi-
cal power firmly back in the hands

‘Sof. the: monarchy, which means in

» the hands of King Mswati, the
Queen Mother, Queen Ntombi, and
the senior members of the royal
family, from whom are drawn the
close advisers who may be crucially
influential in the king’s decisions.
Despite their potential power, the
‘identities of the advisers remain un-
* known outside the inner circle. Ac-
cording to informed ‘sources, the
principal advisers are Prince Mboni
(a man whose name is mentioned
frequently in connection with
affairs of state — it was he who an-
nounced the dismissal of the Ligoqo)
and two other princes.
Also unknown to the man in the
:,Stteet’ is the extent to which the.
* young king (he is only 18 or 19) is
influenced by his advisers. Rumour
has it that he is exercising his will
very firmly and giving short shrift

; to functionaries who displease him.
But how -much actual power is
wielded by the senior advisers is a
mystery.

64


Mandela's account of

her opposition to
apartheid.

Conco
Davidson.
Buthelezi, who is
currently involved in
power-sharing talks
with SA's white
authorities, were in
Washington to seek
financial support for
the Inkatha-backed
union and its May
Day rally.

It is worth notin
that the centra
feature of the rally
was the mock funeral
proclaiming the death
of Cosatu and some
of its officials.

The NEW NATION
does not suggest that
there is any parallel
between the
Americans' attempt to
fight Jeft-wing trade
unionism in France,
and the mock funeral.

The issue of ties

between Uwusa and
the AFL-CIO remains

and
allies of

a sensitive one
nonetheless, and .
sufficiently con-

vincing answers have
not been offered.

Conco, for
example, laughed off
allegations made at a
recent Johannesburg

ress conference that

wusa had presented
a budget to the AFL-

CIO to arrange

19274

CSO: 3400/360

[

funding.
When asked about
the dinner in a

Washington restau-
rant, Mahomo at first
denied that the two
Inkatha-Uwusa men

were with him that ,

evening. He also
denied that the two
men had dined with
him.

Only when con-
fronted with an
eyewitness account of
the meeting did he’
retract his denials.

He maintained that
the Uwusa men had
not asked for AFL-
CIO aid.

AALC executive
director Patrick
O'Farrell backed

Mahomo's denials,
saying in a telephone
interview with the
NEW NATION's US
correspondent:
"They did not ask

for support and we

are not giving them
any. Quite frankly,
they don't need it."

ut Conco con-
tradicted this on his’

, return to SA.

He confirmed at'a

‘press conference in

johannesburg that he
had in fact sought
funding from the

AFL-CIO at a.

meeting with
O'Farrell and Irving
Brown,

Like most of the
AALC's activities

75

throughout the
continent, the current
SA programme to
rovide training for
Biack trade unionists,
is funded by the
American govern-
ment.

After an initial
grant in 1983 from
the 'Agency for
International . De-
velopment’ of $85
000, funding rose to
$900 000 in 1985.

Funding for the
current and next year
could reach 3-

millign.
In its report on ald

the AALC seemed
confident that its
programme was
enjoying great
success.

But a new obstacle
arose earlier this year
-- in the form of
Cosatu.

In March Cosatu
decided. not to take
AFL-CIO: money or
co-operate with any
of its programmes.

"We believe that
certain sections of the
AFL-CIO have been
very divisive in their
relation to the worker
movement in SA,"
Cosatu. general
secretary Jay Naidoo,
said.

It is alleged that
information at hand
points to key AFL-
CIO. individuals
having -very

suspicious links with
the US state
department and
intelligence ‘circles.

The work of Irving
Brown and Nana
Mahomo has been
plagued by persistent
allegations that the
two men and the
AALC have CIA
links,

Brown, also known
in some circles as
"Mr CIA of the
labour movement", is
reported to have
figured prominently
in the CIA's support
for Holden Roberto's
ill-fated attempt to
take control of
Angola,

In an attempt to
squash rumours about
their suspected
intentions in SA, the

_ AFL-CIO says aid is

going to all sectors of
the independent trade
union movement.
However, AALC's
disbursements are
apparently not as
even handed as their
statistics might
suggest. .
The bingest union
iven AALC funding
is the Natal-based
Black Allied Wor-
kers’ Union (Bawu).
With almost all of
its support located in
Buthelezi's strong-
hold, Bawu is said to
have strong links
with Inkatha.



KWANZA SUL MILITARY COUNCIL PRESIDENT--Sumbe--Major Joao Manuel Goncalves
Lourenco, president of the Seventh Regional Military Council, who oversees
Kwanza Sul and Benguela provinces, was recently introduced to the people of
Sumbe at a ceremony presided over by Kundi Payama, minister of state for in-
spection and state control. At the ceremony, Ramos da Cruz, first provincial
party secretary, briefed the new president on the province's agricultural
potential, mainly in the area of coffee growing, since all the conditions

are present in Kwanza Sul for alleviating food shortages at a time when market
prices for petroleum are falling. Kundi Payama, who is also a member of the
MPLA-Labor Party's Politburo, replying to a farewell message read by a worker,
stressed the abilities of the current president of the region, because of which
party leaders appointed him to administer this political and military region.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 May 86 p 2] 8844/6662

IKO CARREIRA TO BE REPLACED--According to Luanda sources Major Alberto Neto
will replace Iko Carreira as Air Force commander. Until recently Alberto
Neto was the Air Force political commissar after having attended an intensive
course in the USSR. This represents a promotion for Alberto Neto who was
elected to the MPLA. Central Committee during the last congress held at the
end of last. year. [Text] [Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Jul 86 p 50] /6662

CUBAN MINISTER OF CULTURE WELCOMED--Late Friday morning Roberto de Almeida;
secretary of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee for Ideology and member of
the Politburo, received Armando Hart Davalos, Cuban minister of culture, who
has been visiting Angola since Thursday. Armando Hart Davalos, a member of
the Politburo of the Cuban Communist Party, was also welcomed yesterday morn-
ing by Maria Mambo Cafe, an alternate member of the MPLA-Labor Party Politburo
and minister of state for socioeconomics, with whom he brought up aspects of
cultural cooperation between the two countries. Yesterday the Cuban minister
of culture also visited the offices of Angolan National Radio, where he gave a
speech. Early last night, the Cuban government official also inaugurated a
sculpture exhibition at the National Museum of Anthropology entitled "Africa
in Cuba," which includes works by Cuban artists such as Wifredo Lam, Roberto
Diego, Santiago Rodrigues Olazabal, Manuel Mandive, Maria Magdalena Campos and
Jose Bedia. Last night the Cuban minister was welcomed at a dinner hosted: by
Boaventura Cardoso, secretary of state for culture. Talks begun Thursday
afternoon will be concluded tomorrow (Saturday) with the signing of cultural
cooperation agreements. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 18 Apr
86 pp 1, 12] 8844 :

NATION JOINS IPU--The People's Assembly, the supreme governing body in the
People's Republic of Angola, was admitted to full membership in the Inter-
parliamentary Union at the 65th Conference of the IPU held from 7-12 April in
Mexico. Elias Dizengomoka, one of the officers of the Angolan Assembly, re-
presented Angola at the meeting that considered:the application submitted by
the People's Republic of Angola for full-membership. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE
ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Apr 86 p 1] 8844

REFUGEES FLEE INTO ZAMBIA~~Lusaka--Hundreds of ‘Angolan refugees continue to
cross the border into Zambia because of the war between Unita rebels and gov-
ernment forces, More than 7,0000 refugees have been resettled in the north-
western province of Zambia, said the Minister of Home Affairs Mr Cosmas
Chibanda., In the Copperbelt, hundreds of Zairean refugees who are members
of the Watchtower sect have been given 30 days to ‘move to an authorised
Jehova's Witness sect village at Gondwe village in the mining town of
Luanshya. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Jul 86 p 1] /9274

CSO: 3400/345 11



GOVERNMENT DENIES REFUGEE CAMPS RECRUITING FOR MNR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Aug 86 p 4

[Article by John D'Oliveira]

A South Afi
ment spokesman denied
today that extensive ref-
ugee settlements in the
Eastern Transvaal were
being used as recruit-
ment centres for the Mo-
zambique National Resis-
tance movement (MNR).

Vice-Admiral Ronnie
Edwards, permanent sec-
retary of the Deputy
Ministers’ committee on
Nkomati affairs, said
that ever since the refu-
gee problem developed,
representatives of the
Mozambique government
had been free to visit the
refugee settlements to
sce for themselves what
was happening.

“If Mozambique asked

to visit any of the refugee
settlements to see wheth-
er the MNR was active in

these settlements, we ,

would be happy to
oblige”.

Admiral Edwards was
commenting on a report
from the Mozambique
News Agency (AIM)
which said refugee
camps were being used
as recruitment centres
for the MNR.

It was also claimed
that South African Gov-
ernment officials had

19274
csO: 3400/361

heen involved in large-"
‘scale “trafficking” in Mo--

‘zambique refugees ‘and ..
ithat’ farmers in the bor-

der areas were exploiting
refugees by paying them

lower wages than were «

paid to local workers.

It is estimated that
there are about 230000
Mozambicans in South
Africa illegally, either as
refugees or as job seek-
ers.

The admiral said a_

joint South African/Mo-
zambican team spent
three days in the Eastern
{Transvaal in August last
year to examine the
scope of the problem and
lay the foundation for a
satisfactory solution,

The team reported to
the Joint Security Com-
mission which had béen
set up in terms of the
Nkomati Accord but
which had been “para-
lysed” since September.

“It was not through
any fault of ours,” he
said.

Admiral Edwards said
nothing was held back
fram the Mozambican of-
ficials.

“We have not denied
access to any of -these
areas to the international
committee of the Red

70

SOUTH AFRICA

Cross, or to representa:
tives of the United Na-

| tions High Commissioner
for Refugees, or to the
South African and for-
eign media.”

‘On the allegation that
| South African Govern-

"ment oficials were “traf-
ficking” in refugees, Ad-
miral Edwards said three
customs guards in the
Eastern Transvaal had
been involved in allowing
Mozambicans illegal
entry into South Africa.

“This matter is now
being investigated.”

He said Mozambican
labourers still came into
South Africa in terms of
an old labour agreement
with the: Portuguese gov-
‘ ernment.’

The labour centre at

‘ Ressano Garcia, which

‘ had recruited labourers
for the Lowveld farms,
was closed in 1976.

Since then, thousands
of Mozambicans had
been employed illegally
on Lowveld farms.

Because of the Mozam
bique government's delay
in negotiating a new la-

* bour agreement, the door
had been left open for the
exploitation of illegal
workers by individual
employers.


MOZAMBIQUE

SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES TO CONTINUE INVESTING IN AGRICULTURE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Apr 86 p 8

[Text] Yesterday, in an interview with AIM, Johan Holmberg, chief of the Scan-
dinavian countries' mission in Mozambique, disclosed that 38 percent of the
investment made in agriculture in Mozambique since independence ‘has been the
result of cooperation with the Scandinavian nations, in the context of the MONAP
program. .

Holmberg is participating in.a seminar on cooperation between. the Ministry of
Agriculture and the Scandinavian countries, which he considers to’be éxtremely
important to the future of the aid to agriculture in Mozambique. This program
is the largest one that the Scandinavian countries have in the Third World.

Discussing the MONAP program,’ which has been in existence for 10 years, he said
that it was vast and complex, having met with some success but some failure as
well; and added that "this was inevitable in the circumstances under which it

was created."

When MONAP was formed in 1976, it included 26 projects to be executed in phases.
The program covered the entire area of agriculture, agricultural marketing,
seed production, green vegetables, fishing, and the training of cadres.

Difficulties of various kinds necessitated the concentration of the program,
cutting the projects to seven. With the removal of marketing and fishing from
the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Home. Trade and the State Secre-
tariat of Fishing, respectively, the total Scandinavian budget allocated for
the program was reduced to a level of $10 million per year,

The chief of the mission stressed: "With the passage of time, it was noted that
the program was too large, and was. causing losses. . So, the conclusion was
reached that it should be concentrated."

Occupational training is one of theareas that has made little progress throughout
the decade, although it had been defined as a priority area. ‘In this regard,

Holmberg: explains:

"When the program was created in 1978, there were no more than half a dozen
agronomical engineers in Mozambique. The lack of available skilled personnel

hampered the process."

28



LONG-RANGE MISSILES NEXT IN LINE FROM ARMS INDUSTRY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jul 86 p 7

[Article by Stephan Terblanche]

[Text]

LONG-RANGE missiles that could
wipe out targets In enemy coun-
tries are next in line from South
Africa's impressive arms industry.

This is the word — only days after the
unveiling of the country’s latest air fist,
the Cheetah jet fighter — from Armscor
chairman Commandant Piet Marais.

It is also South Africa’s answer to the Soviet-
engineered military imbalance in Southern
Africa.

While the Soviets continue pumping thou;
sands of tons of their latest weaponry into,
especially, Angola and Mozambique, South Af-
rica’s unique arms industry, created in reac-
tion to international sanctions, continues pro-
ducing one counterpunch after the other to the
Sovict threat. .

This weck saw the unveiling of the ultra-
sophisticated Cheetah jet fighter.

‘The new aircraft, ideally suited to Southern
African conditions, can, in the words of Cmdt
Marais, match and even outclass anything the
Soviets are flying in Africa, including their
advanced MiG 23 Flogger fighters.

The Cheetah -- a name
first heard in
when South Africa's Flying
Cheetahs caused havoc in the
Korean War -- is a conver-
sion of the Mirage III, which
South Africa has been flying
since March 1963,

While some of the basic
parts of the Mirage were re-
tained, it has been re-built to
such an extent that it is an,
entirely new aircraft.

Breakthrough

South Africa now boasts an
air force of Chectahs, 10-
‘year-old Mirage Fis, South
African-built Impalas and
various other bombers,
transport and reconnais-
sance planes — some of

“which have also been locally

developed and built.
Included in the country’s

range of military helicopters”

is another South African avi-
ation breakthrough — the Al-
pha attack helicopter whi
‘was unveiled recently.

The operational life of the ~

Mirage, in its Cheetah form,
has been extended by it
15 years, during _ which it:
should remain: comparative
to any other’ fighter aircraft.

But it is especially its all-
South African weapons sys-
tem and advanced electronic
equipment, the latter housed
in its elongated nose, that has

vastly improved its capabili- .
ties.

99

SOUTH AFRICA

It is believed its speed and

“range have been increased to
imateh the MiG 23 which, ac-

cording to the US Depart-
ment of Defence, flies at 2,3
mach and has a range of 1
150km.

But, like any fighting air-
craft, it is merely a platform
for the weapons it carries —

vand here lies Cheetah’s

punch,

Revolutionary

It will have the revolution-
ary South African Kukri mis-
sile system linked to a built-
in heimet sight, the recently-
announced CB 470 cluster
bomb, the MK82 bomb and an
upgraded 30mm cannon —
all locally built.

Cmdt Marais said Armscor
had had to make a choice
between converting existing
aircraft and upgrading them
to a new generation of fight-
ers, or build an entirely new
jet fighter.

Assessing the country’s im-
mediate air defence needs, it
was decided to convert the
Mirage III instead — as had
been done with the same air-
craft in Israel, Switzerland
and Chile.

But that was not where it

ended.
He believed the develop-
ment of fighter aircraft had
reached its peak inasfar as
pilots could match the tech-
nological advances,

Decisions '
“Already these aircraft

are so fast that a pilot is
barely able to make such de-



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

DELEGATION TO USSR--A delegation from the FRELIMO Party, headed by the Polit-
buro member Mariano Matsinha, has been.in the Soviet Republic.of Georgia. since
Friday. The Mozambican group, which has already been in Moscow, was. received
in the Soviet capital by Soviet leaders Mikhail Solomentsev and. Mikhail Pono-
maryov, as TASS announced. The delegations from the FRELIMO Party and the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union reviewed the results of President Samora
Machel's recent visit to the Soviet Union, the significance of which-was. under-
scored. Mariano Matsinha expressed appreciation for the aid.that the Soviet
Union has given to our country, and both sides voiced the desire to continue
the friendly cooperation between the FRELIMO Party and the CPSU. The visit by
the FRELIMO Party delegation to the Soviet Union is being made at’ the invitation
of the CPSU Central Committee. Mariano Matsinha traveled to the-Soviet Union
upon his return from the German Democratic Republic, where he headed the
FRELIMO Party's delegation to the 11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party
of Germany. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Apr 86 p 1] 2909

CSO: 3442/273

35



NIGERIA

"SUDDEN FLUSH' OF NEW PUBLICATIONS REVIEWED

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 21 Jul 86 p 10

[Article by May Ellen Ezekiel]

. he good times, for the reading +
[Text] public, are here. What with so

many publications analysing and
putting things into focus, be it news from
Lagos, or from the village. No reader is ig-
nored, builders, investors, techuicians,
caterers and creditors are served, so are
those who are inclined to read about Stars
and their Mates and other prime people.

The sudden flush of new publications
into the market since the first quarter of
this year, many say, augurs well for the
readers who will now be able to sift the
grain from the chaff. There are the
general purpose magazines like New
Globe, This Week, Focus and Starmate.
There are also the specialised ones that
serve the industries — Builders Magazine,
Investor’s Digest, The African Technical
Survey, Catering and Good Industry
Magazine, and the Credit World. There
are also. the community newspapers,
heralded last year by Monzor Dawodu’s
Oriwu Sun, The Concord Group has five,
while Abeokuta has Village News, and
Lagos, Lagos News.

‘The left-wing magazine, Analyst, noted
for its “marxist analysis of issues,’’ was
launched in Jos, last’ month. The
Analyst's publisher is Abdulkadir
Balarabe Musa, former civilian governor
of Kaduna State during the Second
Republic. It is a monthly magazine
published by Target Publicity, Jos,
Plateau State. Notable names oa the
masthead are Bala Usman, Rufai
Ibrahim, who are columnist.

Ata time when the country is searching
for a new social, economic and political
order, the Analyst's publishers, say they
“do not intend to stand by the sidelines
and watch the same old, reactionary
forces that mishaped our past to
monopolise the debate and the search.”

60

Thus the Analyst wants to be part of
this search by exposing the’ real class
origins and interests of all activities in
Nigeria and helping to sift progressive
ideas from reactionary ones. On the inter-
national scene, it wants to focus attention
on the parts of the world ‘where the
struggle between imperialism and the peo-
ple is sharpest.’’ As a proletarian medium,
it wants to “promote the interests of the
workers, peasants, artisans, petty pro-
ducers and traders, and the revolutionary
and progressive intellectuals and _profes-
sionals.”” .

The New Globe, a weekly, launched in
December 1985 and published by Emeka
Ojukwu, lasted three issues and went off
the streets. The publishers hope to stage a
come-back in the neat future. Its aim, ac-
cording to Ojukwu, was "for once’ to of-
fer readers “information that is good for
the country, the sub-region of Africa, the
black man at home and in the diaspora
and humanity at large.’’ Unfortunately, it
did not live long enough to fulfil its lofty
aims.

Good Times, a “non-political, non-
ideological’ magazine published by
Prince Bitel Ashibudike Iwebema, also
made its debut a few months ago, so did
Starmate, which, publisher Alfa Ekhagbe
said, was meant to combine youth with
creativity, and to provide the reading
Public well researched materials to
stimulate the mind.”

Few of these publications, however, are
on display at popular newsstands.
Another publication that is expected to
appear every week is This Week, due to
debut this week. Edited by Sonala
Olumhense, former editor of the editorial
page of The Guardian, and with a crop of
other journalists like Lawson Omokho-
dion and Tunji Lardner, Jnr, (ex-
Newswatch staff), Greg Obong-Oshotse
and Pini Jasan (ex-Guardian staff), they
are halfway there. Its publisher is Nduka
Obaigbena, 28, who helped co-ordinate
the Time magazine supplement on Nigeria



Finally, the cooperation also includes exploration for marble and graphite,
tobacco growing, and shrimp fishing.

One of the areas to which Bulgaria is receptive toward giving priority heed is
that of the training of Mozambican cadres.

2909
CSO: | 3442/273

31



south Africa, The Mbabane,
Government has been silent on:
whether it would abide by.
mandatory UN sanctions. | m

It could flout the sanctions,,:
openly or covertly, but only at the
risk of. international condemnation
and perhaps punitive action. Or it
might seek a special exemption
fron the UN allowing it to continue
trading with South Africa, as was
given to Zambia and Mozambique
when UN sanctions were applied
on Rhodesia.

If the UN refused to pact 1
general or even a specifi
exemption, Swaziland would
probably be forced to flout the
sanctions. ,

In one area at least — electric
power — it is almost totally
dependent on South Africa and
could not quickly get power from
other reliable sources or increase
its own generating capacity.

In addition, part of Swaziland’s
exports are routed through South"
African ports. If these were to be
closed to it by sanctions, Swaziland -.
would have to try to get all of its ‘
exports — mainly sugar, citrus and
coal — as well as all its imports -
shipped through Maputo harbour.

The port’s current capabilities :-
indicate it would be unable to
handle all this traffic. And even if it
could, the railway line between
Swaziland and Maputo might not,
for it is frequently attacked by the
MNR rebels. Only a few weeks ago
they left more than 120 trucks of ‘“
Swaziland exports stranded on the
wrong side of a blow-up length of
track.

There seems to be wide
agreement among officials and
businessmen in Mbabane that
complying with across-the-board
sanctions against South Africa
would hurt Swaziland badly.

“There's real concern about it,”

ysaid a prominent Mbabane
businessman who is a member of
the executive of the Swaziland
Chamber of Commerce.

“People here are watching
developments with concern’ and

19274
cso: 3400/345

63

trepidation,” said the businessman,
who asked not to be identified.
Pointing out that the country is
already unable to provide
employment for all the young
Swazis coming on to the job market,
the businessman said this situation
would almost.certainly be
-aggravated: by -sanctions on
South Africa. .
“And unemployment is the root
cause of political unrest,” he said.
“Do they (the proponents of
sanctions) really understand what
the impact might be?” he asked.
“I ca’t see them doing a Berlin
airlift to Zimbabwe or anywhere
else”
Another” businessman, who also
asked not to be named, confirmed
the general concern,

Insurgency

“The effects on everyone in
, Swaziland, ‘not Just the business
: community, could be severe,” he

: It is,not only economic but also
political trouble that Swaziland
fearfully sees coming across.the
border from South Africa.

In its desire to live in peace with
its large neighbour, Swaziland has

_ at South Africa’s behest ¢racked
* down hard on the ANC’s use of its
territory as a base or transit route.

- It has secretly ‘signed a “mutual
security” agreement with South
Africa that is actually an anti-ANC
“pact. *

But even with. Mozambique also
curbing the ANC under the Nkomati
Accord, ‘the Swaziland police have
been kept busy keeping track of
ANC activists. making ase of their
country. These probjeiis are likely
to increase if the level ‘of-insurgency
‘in South Africa rises and also if the
Nkomati' Accord collapses and
Mozambique again allows the ANC
free use of its territory.

For all these reasons the Swazis
are wishing for peace. in South
‘Africa almost as hard as the South
Africans are.



19274
cso:

3400/358

cisions as when “to change
course or fire,” he said.

While the Soviets did pos-
‘sess more advanced fighters.
than the MiG 23, he doubted:
whether these would be de-
ployed in Southern Africa.

“These aircraft require:
massive \ computerised
ground support and control
systems for which a country
such as Angola does not have
the infrastructure or skilled,
manpower.”

For these reasons, and in
line with arms development ;
trends elsewhere, the aim:
was a cheaper, more effec-
tive alternative air defence
system — namely long-range
missiles, vine
. South Africa was, there-+
fore, Working all out on new
missile development for tise
ina regional context to coun-
ter conventional attacks
from neighbouring countries.

“Missiles could totally re-
place fighter aircraft, and

ng-range missiles are very
much within our capability,” .
he said.

“That is why we bought
and in the southern Cape for
a missile testing range.”

Cmdt Marais said Armscor
had already developed and
produced a number of mis-
siles, some of which were be-
ing employed — such as the
Kukri and the Navy’s sea-to-
sea missile, with a range of
30km. }

He stressed that such de-
velopments were being un- -
dertaken purely for self-de-

ce. !
South Africa had. been |

forced into this sitiiation by
the arms embargo and a
growing external threat,
compounded by Soviet arms
deliveries to neighbouring
countries,

* He denied the unveiling of
the Cheetah had been timed
to coincide with the current

. sanctions threat as a gesture
of defiance.

A development such as the
Cheetah was critically linked
to long-term schedules: Any
deviation would cost millions
and leave many people out of

work.

Tt would, therefore, be
senseless to delay a project
of this scope purely for politi-

;eal gain.

For Cmdt Marais, the un-
veiling of the Cheetah has
been what he called “one of
many milestones” in his
career.

“There was a time, in 1977,
when we were very worried.

“We had nothing and very
little with which anything
could be done. But the arms
embargo brought out a spirit
of co-operation in our people.

“The most essential ele-_

ment was to create the hu-
man technological ability.
This we have done every
time, and every time we do
this we create new abilities
for the next project.

“Today, we are capable of
building anything ‘that we
need. The only prohibitive
factors are time and money.

“But if we are forced into a
backs-to-the-wall position,
even these factors will not
stand in our way.”

100



SWANU, SWAPO-D PROCLAIM STANDS ON CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Information Meeting in Windhoek

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 4 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by Joe Putz]

[Text]

THE CONTINUED existence of ethnic
government for even another year was to-"
tally unacceptable and Swanu and Swapo-
D were today giving the Cabinet notice in
writing that unless an acceptable strategy
for the abolition of AG 8 was ready by Sep-
tember 16, the two parties would go to
court over the issue. Furthermore they
would leave the Transitional Government
if it appeared that AG 8 could not be

scrapped.

‘This was threatened by both
party leaders at yesterday’s in-
formation gathcring of Swanu
and Swapo-D in Windhoek.

“Another year under the evil

of AG8 — no: way!”-an’

adamant Minister of Health
Mr Moses Katjiuongua thun-
dered.

“We cannot continue under
AG 8 and it, together with all
remaining apartheid must go!”
Minister of Economic Affairs,
Mr Andreas Shipanaga said
emphatically.

41

“AG 8is apartheid! Andit is
a trick to give the different
groups an illusion of managing
their own affairs while in fact
keeping them away from real

power”, ~- said --Mr.---Tjeripo-

Ngaringombe, a Swanu mem-
ber of the Constitutional
Council.

“AG 8 faces a life and death
struggle and we will fight it
with all the means at our dis-
posal’ said Moses Kat-
jiuongua,

NAMIBIA



SOUTH AFRICA

SASOL WORKERS PARTICIPATE IN ILLEGAL STRIKE
MB221043 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1034 GMT 22 Jul 86

(Text] Secunda, July 22, SAPA--SASOL [South African Coal, Oil, and Gas Cor-
poration] confirmed today that workers at three of SASOL's Secunda mines have
been participating in illegal strikes since Sunday evening.

About 3,000 out of a total of 8,000 black workers were involved.

Discussions with spokesmen of the strikes have been conducted continuously and
this morning problems were only experienced at 1 mine where 800 workers are
involved.

SASOL undertook to discuss points causing dissatisfaction with spokesmen of
the workers as well as with the Chemical Workers Industrial Union [CWIU] the
moment illegal strikes are discontinued.

A spokesman for SASOL said today the strikes had apparently mainly emanated
from dissatisfaction with the Proposed annual wage increase, but some groups
also expressed other. points of dissatisfaction.

He said negotiations between SASOL and the CWiU in recent months had been con-
ducted in accordance with a procedure mutually agreed upon.

"However, as agreement could not be reached, the matter was referred to a con-
ciliation board. This board is in the process of being nominated. The strikes
therefore, were and thus are, completely illegal," the spokesman said.

He said serious disruptions could be caused by illegal strikes at the highly
sophisticated industries at Secunda, and since Sunday night several urgent
appeals had been made to the workers concerned as well as the union to resume
work.

"Earnest attempts are now being made to persuade workers at the remaining mine
where workers are still striking to return to work immediately as further dis-
ruptions cannot be tolerated," the spokesman said.

/12766
CSO: 3400/322

83



ANGOLA

ITALY DONATES FERTILIZER TO HELP SOLVE AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 4 May 86 p 3

[Text] Benguela--The day before yesterday in Lobito, Francesco Corden, Italian
ambassador to Angola, delivered 4,000 metric tons of fertilizer, a gift from
his government, to Agriculture Minister Evaristo Domingos (Kimba) as part of
the assistance program between that European country and the People's Republic

of Angola.

The minister of agriculture, in expressing his appreciation for this gift,
said that the fertilizer would be used to help growers and small family farms
in the mid-section of the country, i.e., Benguela, Huambo and Bie, and he
added that the Italian government's contribution has been very helpful in
solving problems in the agricultural sector.

Ambassador Corden stressed that the gift was made because of the bonds of
friendship between the two countries, whose relations are very strong and
important, and he reiterated Italy's decision to cooperate with the Angolan
government.

In 1985 a similar gift of 2,000 tons of fertilizer was delivered to the
offices of the Ministry of Agriculture in Benguela by the Italian embassy.

The minister of agriculture took advantage of his short visit to Benguela to
visit the Cavaco Valley, where he noted that the first phase of the rehabili-
tation and production organization program, as well as the effort to expand
areas under cultivation, has progressed sufficiently to initiate the second
phase, which involves improving banana distribution and exports.

The Angolan official praised work done by local authorities in cooperation
with the ministry's provincial delegat‘on, which has made the large develop-
ment project possible in the Cavaco Valley.

On Friday thousands of workers from the three coastal cities of Benguela
Province expressed their willingness in Benguela to cooperate with Major Joao
Manuel Lourenco, the new coordinator of the Party Provincial Committee and
commisar for Benguela, in carrying out the tasks assigned by the MPLA-Labor

Party.



Efforts To Turn Buzi District Into Sofala's Granary Under Way
(NOTICIAS, 19 Apr 86)...cccecccecccccccccccccccncsccesoes

Rehabilitation Work on Lime Furnace Stagnated
(NOTICIAS, 24 Jun 86)....cccsecccccccccccccceccvecssecres

Briefs
Delegation to USSR

NAMIBIA

Possible Impact of Sanctions Discussed
(Joe Putz; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 15 Jul 86).........6

Agreement With RSA on Orange River Water Under Negotiation
(Joe Putz; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 2 Jul 86).........005

Benefits of Ministers' Visit to Israel Reviewed
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 26 Jul 86).....ccccccecccccccsesccece

German 'Greens' Public Meeting, Arrest Cause Controversy
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 7 Jul 86)......

Swanu, Swapo-D Proclaim Stands on Constitutional Development
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 4 Jul 86)......ccesececccceees

Information Meeting in Windhoek, by Joe Putz
Further Details
Katjiuongua, Shipanga Statements

Becker’ Tackles Shipanga, Radio Use of ‘Namibia’
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 11, 18 Jul 86).......e.eceseee

Ties With South Africa
"Unpatriotic' Term

Gwen Lister Comments on Swapo Political Meetings Ruling
(Gwen Lister; THE NAMIBIAN, 11 Jul 86).....cecceccceccees

_ DTA Announces Decision for Independent Action

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, various dates)..

Executive Meeting Decision, by Jean Sutherland
Statement Content
WINDHOEK ADVERTISER Comment, by Joe Putz

Nanso Leader Calls for Resistance, Mobilization
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 8 Jul 86).....

Damara Leader Denies Party Merge Plan
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 15 Jul 86).......ccceescceccees

32

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35

36

37

38

39

41

41

42
43

44

44

44

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47

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48
49

51

52



NAMIBIA

BENEFITS OF MINISTERS’ VISIT TO ISRAEL REVIEWED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 26 Jul 86 p 22 .

[Text]

In a statement the Cabinet
referred to the recent visit of
Mr Moses Katjiuongua, the
Minister of National Health
Services, and Mr Andrew
Matjila, the Minister of Na-
tional Education, to Israel.
‘The two ministers were ac-
companied by senior officials
of their departments, and in its
release on the visit, the
Cabinet said that in time, it
would Icad to the submission
of motivated proposals to the

Cabinet for incorporation in a,

community development plan.
South West Africa’ can

learn a lot from  Israel’s-

educational system and their
labour dispensation, accor-
ding to the two comprehen-
sive reports compiled by the
Ministers after their visit

Mr Matjila said South
West could regard Israel as a
laboratory for finding solu-
tions to this country’s many
problems. He said there were
many similarities between
that country and this one. In
his report he quoted ex-
amples; insufficient natural
resources, an influx of im-
migrants since 1948 who
speak more than 70 different
dialccts from ‘all over the
world, the vast educational

/9317
cso: 3400/155

and development differences
between the groups, the high
level of illiteracy, the initial

high unemployment rate, the!

fact that despite a variety of
languages only one is spoken
- Hebrew - and a multitude of
other similarities with South
West Africa which is also
searching for solutions to
educational problems.

The delegation’s trip in-
cluded visits to various high
technology factories,
technological schools,
agricultural and training col-
leges, as well as to the
Knesset, the Israeli House of
Parliament.

The object of the trip was
‘to ‘scrutinise ‘Israeli educa-
tion, especially technical
education -and training,
agricultural-technical train-
ing and the application of
specific computer-supported.
educational systems. The
delegation also. gained
firsthand knowledge of in-
tegration of people from non-
industrial cultures into an in-
dustrial and technical culture,
including the accompanying
social, language and
unemployment problems.

Special attention was paid
by the Ministers to the role
and place of the labour

38

unions in Israel.

Minister Matjila stated in
his report that in the Israeli
educational system, technical
and vocational ‘training has
succeeded to a large extent in
overcoming social stratifica-
tion, and promoted social
mobility amorig immigrants,
without neglecting traditional
academic training.

Mr Matjila concluded that
Isracl had worked
systematically at improving
the quality of all education,
so that it now attracted the
best students. It was, he said,
a nation dedicated to
developing each person to his
full potential.

However, Israel, he said,
was way ahead of this coun-
try in fields like sick funds,
national pension funds and
unemployment insurance.
The National Labour Council
‘of this country, which will
shortly be implemented, will
identify these shortcomings
and initiate measures to rec-
‘tify them.

Specific proposals based
‘on the experience and obser-
vations gathered during the
visit of the Ministers and of-
ficials will be incorporated in
future decision-making by
the Cabinet.


COMPANIES EXPLORE FEASIBILITY OF CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELLS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 18 Jul 86 p 3

[Text] ANUMBER of Zimbabesn min-
. i

/12828
CSO:

Mozambique, and activating the «
‘carbon in Zimbabwe. The project ‘
could save Zimbabwe about $4
muiltion annually in foreign .ex-
change. ~ .

‘The carbon will be produced by
a Mozambican company from coco-
nut shells, and will be activated in
Zimbabwe by a local company with
‘experience in charcoal products. A
400kg test sample of coconut shells
will arrive soon in Zimbabwe for
testing by a local mineral engineer-
ing company, according to the June
issue of the Chamber of Mincs
Journal. . .

‘A member of the Institute of Min-
ing Research told the Gazette this
week that’ at present it costs about
$6 000 per tonne to import activat-
ed carbon from South Africa, while
it was likely to cost approximately.
$1 000 per tonne to import the car-
bon from Mozambique.

3400/388

“Zimbabwe's mines utilise
roughly 800 tonnes of activated car-
bona year, and the only foreign ex-
change involved would be paying
the Mozambicans for coconut
shells, at a fraction of the present
cost of activated carbon", he said.
Thus the savings in foreign ex-
change could be in the region of £4
million per annim. - "|

Another project being looked into
is the reactivation of carbon for the
smaller gold mines, which at
present do not have their own reac-
tivating facilities. (Large mines such
as Lonrho’s Arcturus and Rio Tin-

to's Renco have their own reactivat-. :

ing plants).

‘The spokesman for the institute
said the aim of the project was to
develop a furnace affordable to the
smaller gold miners.

“The present situation is that
fouled carbon is dumped because

the smaller extractors do not have
the facilities for reactivating it.
There could be as much as 100.000
tonnes of fouled carbon in the coun-
try which could be reactivated,”” he
said.

69

ZIMBABWE



SOUTH AFRICA

PLIGHT OF BRITS RESIDENTS FACING REMOVAL DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 17~30 Jul 86 p 5

[Text]

‘THE FIGHT against the
removal of the 55 year-
old Brits location to a
new model township
called Lethlabile, is still
raging.

The Central Transvaal
Development Board and
the central government
continue to face opp-
osition from the comm-
unity which fears poss-
ible incorporation into
the Bophuthatswana
homeland and the
prospect of losing their

outh African citizen- *

ship.

In addition to the
fears, is the fact that
moving from Brits,
which is situated four
kilometres from the
industrial area, could
prove too costly because
the proposed new area is
24 kilometres away -- on
the borders of Bophuth-
atswana,

And, Bophuthatswana
has. openly declared war
on "dual" citizenship as
designed by the SA
government in its "new
package deal" for blacks
in the cities.

‘The homeland is on
record as having said
that its inhabitants have
to choose between SA
and its citizenship --
pointing out that those

with Property in the
homeland will lose it if
they were to foresake
the homeland's “citizen-
ship". .

Misgivings on promi-
ses that Lethlabile will
not be incorporated are
based on past exper-
ience. Similar assur-
ances were made to
Enkangala and Vliefon-
ein townships which
were finally incorp-
orated to KwaNdebele,
which is scheduled for
"independence" in Dec-
ember.

One of the issues
disturbing the commun-
ity is unemployment,
estimated at over 2 500.

This situation was

partly created by recess- |

ion and the closing
down of factories by
employers attempting to
evade demands of the
organised worker class.

Workers are currently
walking the short dist-
ance to factories and the
unemployed fear that
they will have to spend a
lot of money on trans-
Bot if they were living

kilometres away.

The erection of 175
brick houses sold at an
unaffordable R4 000 to
an average worker,
supplied with tapped
water and flush toilet at

78

Lethlabile, have made
Brits residents susp-
icious that the govern-
ment is determined to

, Fesettle them at Leth-

abile. ‘There is also_an

, unusual feature of 500

graves dug in the
cemetery of the new
area.

The community is
wondering why the Brits
amenities, services and
government provided
tin-shacks rented for
R24 a month have not
been improved for more
than 50 years.

The township still has
a bucket latrine system,
no drainage, no tarred
toads, no electricity or
street lighting.

The overcrowded area
of over 10 000 people
just opposite a neigh-
bouring farm which
could be incorporated
into Brits, is resisting
moving into the "modern
tin shacks" which are
allocated to those who
cannot afford the brick
houses.

They have been given
two years to erect their
own structure on the site
of the "temporary" tin
shack.

To further justify their
case, the community has
engaged the services of



300178

JPRS-SSA-86-089
4 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

Qu LS¥ eereTTED &

Ly) 10608661

{uni

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY
! U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ye
NATIONAL TECHNICAL \
INFORMATION SERVICE,
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 | // /

ABC



BOTSWANA

Country's Economic Management Praised
(Barry Sergeant; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Jun 86)......eeeeeenees

Briefs
UK Donation
Soda Ash Project

Ceredec Accused of Destroying Cocoa Farms
(Peter Abban; GHANAIAN TIMES, 18 Jul 86).

Chief Justice Urges Procedural Changes .
(Francis Kokutse; GHANAIAN TIMES, 12 Jul 86)..

Misconceptions on Iron, Steel Project Explained
(Akilagpa Sawyerr; GHANAIAN TIMES, 21 Jul 86)...

Briefs
Policy on Indiscipline Indicated
Goods Smuggled From Ivory Coast

LESOTHO
Briefs
Surrender of Firearms Ordered
Public Utilities Renamed
MOZAMBIQUE

Machel Comments on Role of Governors, Ministers
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 86)...cccceccccsccnccctcccescccecescece

South African Military Threat Charged
(Editorial; NOTICIAS, 24 Apr 86)....cccccvcvcccccceccceece

Amasp Delegation Welcomed in Alma-Ata
(NOTICTAS, 25 Jun 86)... .cedeceecneccccccrccenrssssvesees

Swedish Shipowner Reportedly Smuggles Arms to MNR
(SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Jul 86)....c.ccesscceescceccceeceseeees

Scandinavian Countries To Continue Investing in Agriculture
(NOTICIAS, 19 Apr 86)...cececceccacceecccescecceseessens

Bulgaria To Continue Cooperative Efforts
(NOTICIAS, 29 Apr 86)... ccccccecccccccccccnseesssesesesee

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22

24

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and said that the racist police were assassinating ANC activists in vain be-
cause the banner of the struggle for the liberation of South Africa already

waves over many people.

Referring to the problem of southern Africa in the context of the Conference
of Africans, scheduled to begin yesterday in Moscow, Victor Gontcharov said
that it would be discussed at one of the sessions of that conference.

Gontcharov added that during the conference, the delegates would be addressing
an appeal to African governments to make a collective effort.to do away with

apartheid once and for all.

9805/8918
CSO: 3442/254

26



SOUTH AFRICA

SABC RESPONDS TO HOWE'S 'WINDS OF CHANGE’
MB250533 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT.25 Jul 86

[Station Commentary]

[Text] Twenty-five years after the winds of change began blowing through
Africa, they are now clearly shaking the south to its roots. So says Sir
Geoffrey Howe, Britain's foreign secretary.

He adds that the question is not whether things are going to change in South
Africa but how far and how fast they are going to change. The two statements
have the diplomatic advantage that, while they sound purposeful enough, they
are sufficiently vague to fit any number of interpretations.

On the other hand, vagueness is unlikely to facilitate Sir Geoffrey's mission
in trying to clarify problems and help find solutions. The point at issue in
South African politics, and in the dispute between the country and pressure
groups abroad, is not whether there should be change. How far and fast change
should take place is obviously important, butit is secondary. What needs to
be resolved is the direction the process of change should take.

Discussion about the constitutional future of South Africa is futile if it
avoids that basic question. There is probably nobody in South Africa, regard-
less of political views, who does not believe that things must change and that
the changes ‘should be fast and far-reaching.

In stating as its policy objectives the elimination of race discrimination and
universal political participation the government of the country is of necessity
committed to such a process.

What Sir Geoffrey does not say in so many words is what route he is trying to
persuade South Africa to take. His point of departure is suggested by his
placing the question of change in South Africa--how far and fast it should go--
in the context of Africa's decolonization history. It would be useful if this
standpoint could be more explicitly formulated for open discussion during Sir
Geoffrey's present visit, for it is precisely on this point that the differences
center.

The winds of change that blew through Africa were largely the work of politi-
cally articulate leaders who had achieved positions of prominence in the

85



SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MP'S DISCUSS POLITICAL SITUATION
MB221150 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1143 GMT 22 Jul 86

[Text] Durban, July 22, SAPA--The country is being forced into a state of
siege because the government has thrown in the towel over sanctions, says Mr
Ray Swart, Natal leader of the Progressive Federal Party [PFP].

Addressing about 150 people at a report-back meeting in Durban last night, Mr
Swart said this was the only interpretation he could place on the "extraordi-
nary" circumstances which saw the government defiantly challenging the world
to invoke sanctions in a fit of pique as they believed they were not being
given due credit for the reforms they had implemented.

"Not only is this the height of political folly, but a breach of faith with
South Africans of various political persuasions who have been in the forefront
in the fight against sanctions," he said.

"While the motives of those who advocate sanctions are varied and sometimes
far from pure, the threat which they pose cannot be lightly cast aside."

Mr Swart said the serious problems facing the country could be properly
addressed only once the government grasped "the bottom line"--how to accommo-
date political aspirations of all South Africans.

"It is inevitable that the government will sooner or later have to sit at the
negotiating table. The sooner they do so the better for South Africa," Mr

Swart said.

Mr Tiaan van der Merwe, PFP MP for Green Point, who shared the platform with
Mr Swart, said the recent parliamentary session had incorporated both positive

and negative aspects.

On the positive side there had been more reform than ever before in the history
of National Party rule, while on the negative side it had been a "session of
lost opportunities."

The most tragic in this regard, he said, was the failure of the Eminent Persons
Group [EPG] visit which had more credibility than any other peace mission to
South Africa.

80



~ ANGOLA

NEW: COMMERCIAL DOCK: INAUGURATED IN SOYO
Luanda. JORNAL DE ANGOLA. in Portuguese 8 May 86 p 3

[Article by Joaquim Artur: "Minister of State for Production. Inaugurates
Commercial Dock in Soyo").

[Text] As of last Saturday, 3 May, the city of Soyo has a new commercial dock
inaugurated by Pedro Castro Van Dunem (Loy), minister of state for production
and member of the party's Politburo.

The dock was built to meet the growing needs of commercial and fishing
interests in the province of Zaire.. The dock is 200 meters long and about 6
theters high. Designed to support a load of 5 metric tons per square meter, it
was built by Volker Stevin Dredging, a Dutch firm, in consultation with the
Dar Al-Handasah Company. The dock, which took more than a year to build, is
made of steel piling walls reinforced by steel rods attached to anchor panels
which are also made of steel piling.

The total value of the dock, which is located at the Kwanda petroleum complex,
is $15 million (30 kwanzas to the dollar). The petroleum complex is the main
supplier of fuel in Soyo.

In addition to. the minister of state for production, who also. holds the office
of petroleum and energy minister, various party and government leaders, social
and mass organization directors, and general managers of foreign oil companies
operating in Angola also attended the ceremony and witnessed the delivery of.
the dock to the Angolan government.

The entourage also visited the petroleum dock, which primarily serves the
petroleum. industry and related operations, as well as other development
projects in Soyo.

Soyo, an. oil town, is also. fortunate to. have a number of other development
projects which are designed not only to serve the area's petroleum companies,
but also to help improve. socio-economic and living. conditions of the people of
Soyo.

A drinking water system, building. construction programs, and a power distribu-
tion system for the city and the surrounding area are also importance compon-
ents of the infrastructure planned for the Soyo area.

8



/9317
CSO: 3400/155

@ Dirk Mudge being one of the most polished and ex-
perienced politicians around DOES have a lot of enemies
both in the TG and within his own party and if they or he
doesn't know this, they can read it in The Advertiser.

@ The rewriting of the constitution to replace AG 8 is a
crucial exercise which will determine the future and the
balance of power within the government. .That the DTA
leadership wants to succeed with its version at nearly any’
cost is common sense and needs no reference even to
Swanu and Swapo-D's desire to triumph with their
version.

All this and much else is common. knowledge to well-
informed observers and was in fact at every stage con-
firmed (maybe unintentionally) in their editorial rantings.

Summarising that sort of material is called news analy-
sis and is done by professional journalists from Tokyo to
Washington. Even the Republikein tries its hand at it now
and-then — with mixed success.

A serious newspaper owes its readers more than just
reports, it must offer both diagnosis, comment and
prediction.

An analyst consults ‘in- confidence’ with what are
termed high level sources, collects leaks and puts
together the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle from a wide varie-
ty of material including what are called well-founded
rumours. The rumours are identified as such in our analy-
sis. That's elementary journalistic practice.

When it comes to sources our critics should know all
about that, since they sit in the lap of an eminent ‘cabinet
source! They ‘consult’ with their source on a daily basis

— and THAT'S no secret.

Many a story has been launched like that in the form
of ‘inspired leaks:

We — on the other hand — can consult without being
compelled to act as messenger boys and that must lie at
the root of their envy.

So in desperation they try to smear us a secret party
paper in the grips of their opponents.

They probably feel lonely.

But if they were aware of the material we left out they
would have to stock up on tranquilisers.

50



SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBILITY SEEN OF NEW GOLD BOOM THROUGH TECHNOLOGY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Jul 86 p 13

[Text] New technology promises to uncover gold that has been missed so
‘far by Witwatersrand prospectors on conventional explorations.
Mr Phil Ward, researcher at the stockbroker firm of Menell,
Jack Hyman, Rosenberg and Company, reveals that at least ‘90 new
hi-tech rigs have been swung into action in the Witwatersrand
basin — which stretches from Johannesburg across to Klerksdorp
‘and down to Welkom — to find unexplored gaps and possible exten-
sions to known gold mining areas. .

“The new techniques look like extending the life of the South
African gold mining industry, possibly for decades longer than we
‘have been envisaging so far”, he says.

“The mining houses are holding their cards close to their chests
s80 it’s difficult to prejudge exploration results. But with deeper
mining methods, the potential for new mining areas must be im-
“pressive”.

‘ANOTHER INTRIGUING POSSIBILITY

He says there are still large areas yet to be fully explored, par-
ticularly between the West Wits and Klerksdorp gold fields and
‘between Klerksdorp and Allanridge in the Orange Free State.

New interést may_also focus on faulting caused by the up-thrust
of what is known as the Vredefort dome, which may provide new
gold finds south-east of Southvaal and Buffelsfontein.

Another intriguing possibility may be exploitation of overfolded
strata, evidence of which has emerged in the western section of the

Orange Free State gold field.

“Even after 100 years of exploration, there is still much to be ,
learned about the full geological structure of the Witwatersrand
basin”, says Mr Ward.

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cso: 3400/355

92



ORANJEWERKERS CHOOSE DOOMED TOWN FOR ALL-WHITE HOMELAND

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jul 86 p 18

{Article by Elsabe Wessels]

(Text ]

THE sun is setting over Morgenzon. The
dusty little Transvaal dorpie, carefully se-
lected by over-zealous Oranjewerkers to
be the embryo of their own white Canaan,
Is shadowed by the falling sun of ‘‘White-.

stan” zealots.

The Vereniging van
Oranjewerkers’ dream of
an all-white homeland —
totally reliant on white
initiative and° white la-
bour — remains a figment
of a few apartheid-riddled
imaginations. °"

If -Morgenzon: is anything
to go by, the Oranjewerkers’
pipedream of an‘exclusively
‘white Oranjeland is going up
in smoke + or more appro-
priately —Highveld dust.

With the exception of two
factories bearing the organl-
‘sation’s emblemy’there is no
‘sign ‘of a white Utopla. As a
matter of fact, 's lasting
Impression is the work force
of black. women from neigh-
bouring ‘Sivukile .‘township
tidying Morgenzon_ streets.
and pavements.

Brainchild
And while Morgenzonners:
are trying to stop the sunlight.
from falling behind the
town's’ horizon, the white
homeland prophets are hard
at work in ria trying to
secure the town as the
growth point for their whites-
only Oranjeland.
The creation of a white
homeland js the brainchild of

71

« rofessor Hercules Booysen,
of Unisa’s Constitutional Law
Department and leader of the
Oranjewerkers..

Working shoulder-to-shoul-
der with Prof Booysen is Mr
Hendrik Verwoerd, son of Dr
Verwoerd; former Prime
Minister ‘and architect of
grand apartheid,

Mr Verwoerd gave up his
career as dominee to become
organising secretary of the
Vereniging of Oranje-
werkers, an offshoot of the
rightwing SA Bureau of Ra-
cial Affairs (Sabra).

‘Unhappy

But when I asked to speak
to Mr-Verwoerd this week he
refused.

Apart from thé ultra-right-
wing white homelanders, few.
people know where Morgen-
zon is. Now made famous by
the-Oranjewerkers, the
south-eastern Transvaal
town is less than a three-hour
drive from Johannesburg —
taking a ‘route via Springs,
Secunda and Bethal.

It is two years since the in-
vasion of the “Whitestan”
supporters, And’ townsfolk
are still unhappy about the
Oranjewerkers” presence. *
Bitter battles were fought

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

EFFORTS TO TURN BUZI DISTRICT INTO SOFALA'S GRANARY UNDER WAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Apr. 86 p 3

[Text] The attainment of larger agricultural yields based on the rationalized,
maximized use of all available resources has become the major concern of all
the food production sectors in Sofala Province, with a view toward surmounting
the current difficulties with supplies to the people and minimizing those
stemming from the serious food crisis due to the prolonged drought that has
struck extensive parts of the country.

The state, cooperative, private, and family sectors are bent upon conquering
the adversities of nature, pooling efforts to raise the per hectare producti-
vity indexes, and resorting to the newest technologies in agriculture of this
type, with the aid of international organizations and specialized United
Nations agencies.

The examples of altruism and determination among the population, to win this
battle in Sofala Province, come from Buzi district, considered-the province's
granary, where activities of various kinds are currently under way with respect
to the development of small projects and making agricultural activities profi-
table; for the purpose of raising the per hectaré. production‘on the family
farms, in state enterprises, and in the cooperative and private sectors.

The various projects under way have the support of foreign organizations and
specialized agencies of the United Nations, and include the intensification

of seed production, backing for programs to rehabilitate nutritional centers,
and others in the social sectors associated with the protection of women and

children.

According to reports procured by our reporter in Buzi, there is currently in
effect a process for equitable. distribution of ploughed land made available by
the Buzi agricultural-livestock and industrial ‘complex ‘to the family sector,
which represents the largest producer and seller of agricultural surpluses in
the district. According to the distribution program, an effort is being made
to give each family, during .the.first phase, half a hectare of productive land,
on the condition that it procure the largest possible yield of each crop.

In this process, a total of 171 ploughed hectares-have already.been distributed
among the peasants in the Buzi district headquarters and in the locality of

32



BECKER TACKLES SHIPANGA, RADIO USE OF 'NAMIBIA'

Ties With South Africa

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 11 Jul 86 p 5

[Text]

HNP LEADER Sarel Beck-
er has challenged Cabinet
Minister Andreas Shipanga
to reveal who “the conser-
vatives” are who want
Namibia to cut economic
links with South Africa.

Mr Becker referred to a re-
mark by Mr Shipanga ata pub-
lic meeting last week in which
he reportedly said “that cven
the most conservative person
in South West today wants eco-
nomic ties with South Africa
cutso that the land can develop
economically.”

Ina statement this week, Mr
Becker refers to South Africa's
contribution to the Namibian
budget of R446 million.

Further, South Africans
paid 12% GST and heavy taxes
so that SA could supplement
the budgets of Namibia and
the TBVC countries, and “yes,
so that South Westers only
need to pay 9% GST”

“No-one is against the eco-
nomic development of South
West — Mr Shipanga must not
bite the hand that feeds and
protects him?’ the HNP leader
said. .

"Unpatriotic' Term

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 18 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/155

THE SWA Herstige Nasionale
Party has objected strongly to
the use of South West Afri-
ca/Namibia “for the Territory

South West Africa” by the’

SWABC. .
In an open letter to the
broadcasting —_—- corporation,

SWA/HNP leader Sarel Beck-
er says the usé of Namibia
“makes you guilty of party po-
litics favouring Swapo”.

He claims the name
Namibia originates from the

44

“Communist propaganda
machine ... (and) while the
communists are fighting an
undeclared war against us, it is
dishonourable to accept a
name prescribed “by -your
enemy”,

* Namibia enjoyed no judicial
‘recognition and was not used
in law... + + tee

- Mr Becker calls on the
SWABC to stop this “unpatri-
otic habit” and use South West
Africa.

NAMIBIA



WINDHOEK ADVERTISER Comment
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 22 Jul 86 p 3
[Article by Joe Putz]

[Text]
The poison pens of Windhoek’s Afrikaans language daily
are drooling purple ink over reams of protestations, hot air,
and pretensions of outraged innocence.

And truth becomes a refugee.

After all, as hardened propaganda writers, the party
hacks automatically suspect a puffadder under every
rock — and they, it seems, never write anything without
an ulterior motive.

Paranoia is a self-inflicted disesase.

The question is what did The Advertiser write last week
to have sent them into hysterics. :

Shortly this:

@ Dirk Mudge and a certain faction of the DIA: are (for
some time already) busy negotiating with other signifi-
cant parties for inclusion into the Transititional Goverment
(we read that in their paper).

@ Main targetis at present the Damara Council. We infer
that from Mr Mudge’s undenied talks with Mr Garoeb last
week and partly from the paper's about-face in its treat-
ment of Mr Garoeb. (A party paper like that reserves
derogatory terms like ‘Piet Wambo’ and ‘Klein Hendrik’
(Witbooi), Joes of all trades (Garoeb) for politicians itdoes
not approve of.)

© The second target, Kalangula's CDA, is unlikely to go
along with their plans which is obvious to any well-
informed observer.

@ There is intense irritation with the disruptive tactics of
Swanu/Swapo-D in the ranks of the DTA (we read that in
their paper) and they are not seen as contributing much
to the vote count for the TG.

@ /fthere is no other way to get rid of these ‘gadflies’ the
most elegant. solution is an internal-election at which
those parties are expected to perform badly, especially
against the Damara Council ‘or the CDA.

@ Dirk Mudge wants such an election (we ‘read that ii in
the Sunday Republikein some months ago).

@ Dirk Mudge WAS defeated over the Van der By! issue
although the defeat was self-inflicted.

@ Dirk Mudge is both very stubborn and hates defeat —

ask those who know him or ask him personally.

49



NAMIBIA

GWEN LISTER COMMENTS ON SWAPO POLITICAL MEETINGS RULING 7
Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 11 Jul 86 p 11
[Article by Gwen Lister] :

[Text]

THE JUDGEMENT by the Full Bench of the Supreme Court
that enables Swapo lawfully to hold political meetings in the
territory, has undoubtedly unsettled members of the interim
government, who were previously secure in the knowledge that
Swapo rallies were ‘illegal’ in terms of the Notification and
Prohibition of. Meetings Act of 1981. so
What remains to be seen is what their next move in this regard will
be. Bearing in mind their past record, the interim government will pro-
bably examine new ways in which to curb Swapo from taking part in
political activities. .
In this regard they will be faced with the choice of whether or not to
openly ‘ban’ Swapo, or amend the Notification and Prohibition of
Meetings Act in order to prohibit political meetings by the movement.
In the alternative of course, they could leave matters as they are, and
ban meetings in terms of the Riotous Assemblies Act if they feel a Swapo
rally should not take place. . .

INTERIM GOVERNMENT TAKES THE CREDIT
MR SEAN CLEARY, chief propagandist for the interim government
abroad, will undoubtedly claim the credit for the recent Supreme Court _
judgement, and tell the international community that it is because of the
‘democratic’ state of Namibia that such meetings may take place.

But what he and others forget is that just about every significant move
towards some form of justice in this country, has been on the instruc-
tion of the courts of this country, and not by virtue of the magnanimity
of the interim government.

To cite but a few examples: the Supreme Court ordered the release
of AG 9 detainees; the Supreme Court ordered that a’ Roman Catholic
Corpus Christi procession, banned by the interim government, be allowed
to go ahead; and the most recent development, the Supreme Court said
Swapo was not prohibited from holding political meetings.

ALSO UPHOLDING THE BILL OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
NEITHER IS IT-the interim government which has upheld their Bill of
Rights. In most cases, in fact, they have flagrantly violated fundamen-
tal rights, and had to be brought into line by the courts. .

The recent Supreme Court judgement also ruled that the Notification
and Prohibition of Meetings Act made ‘serious inroads into the liberty
of the subject’.

45



SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE AFL-CIO INVOLVEMENT WITH UWUSA EXPLORED

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 17-30 Jul 86 p 7

{Text ]

FEARS that Ame-
rican funding to fight
democratic trade
unionism in SA is on
the increase, are
growing.

Suspicions about
American involve-
ment are being raised
just months after
emerging factions

from the split in the .
African Trade Union ;

Unity Organisation
(ATUUO), accused
the AFL-C1O of
promoting division

among African trade |

unions.

Although there is
little clarity on the
AFL-CIO's role,
allegations with far

reaching impli- .
ave

cations been
made.

The final com-
munique adopted
after the ATUUO
split for example,
criticised the AFL-

CIO's role in funding |

various regional and

national labour :

groups.

The statement :

called on African
nations to be cautious

of unions affiliated to +

and manipulated by
external organisations
such as the African-
American Labour
Centre (AALC),
which is linked to the
AFL-CIO.

‘of SA (Uwusa).

Back home, the
AFL-Ci0's alleged
role'in promoting the
Inkatha-backed Uni-
ted Workers’ Union
is
cause for serious
concern. !

It has attracted
specific attention
mainly because of the
agressive partisan
mood displayed at its
inaugural congress, at
which Uwusa_ su-
pporters proclaimed
death to the mass-
based Cosatu.

And if the links are
examined further it
becomes apparent
that Irving Brown,

who is closely :

associated with the
AFL-CIO, has been
involved in a covert
US government and
American multi-
national operation to
organise workers and
challenge left-wing

leadership in the :
French trade union ,

movement.

This was revealed by :

Wall Street Journal
reporter Jonathan
Kwitney in "Endless
Enemies - The Ma-
king of an Unfriendly
World".

Brown and: self-

styled SA exile Nana =

lahomo, who co-
ordinates the AFL-

74

CIO's SA programme,
have in the past been
labelled as alleged
CIA agents.

Both men deny the
allegations.

. Even though there
is clear evidence of
close links between
Mahomo and Uwusa,
there. have been
repeated denials from
both sides of any
AFL-CIO funding for
the Inkatha-backed
union,

Claims of close
links are supported
by US sources who
saw Simon Conco,
Uwusa general
secretary, and the
treasurer, Peter
Davidson, dining in a
downtown Wash-
ington restaurant with

lahomo.. .

"As a belly dancer
entertained tourists
one floor above the
restaurant, Mahomo
spoke of his close
friendship with
Buthelezi and talked
about. how to boost
his international
standing," it is
claimed in the US.

The chief, Mahomo

- suggested, would be

wise to publish an
autobiography that
could compete for
overseas attention
with Winnie


SOUTH AFRICA

REPORT VIEWS INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS UNDER EMERGENCY
MB241303 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1228 GMT 24 Jul 86

[Text] Johannesburg, July 24, SAPA-~Fifty-two trade union leaders and offi-
cials have been arrested since last week under the state of emergency, the
Labor Monitoring Group [LMG] said in its eighth report on the effects of the
emergency on industrial relations. The increase since last week (when the
figure was 269) is only partly accounted for by new recent detentions, the LMG
reports.

Altogether 2,700 unionists have been detained since the emergency was declared
and 81 percent were Congress of South African Trade Union members, they said.

The LMG welcomed the Natal Supreme Court ruling against the validity of some
sections of the emergency rules and said police have responded by granting
visits to detainees and in a few cases have released detainees. "Lawyers can
monitor the conditions under which detainees are held and can check if there
are allegations of abuse. If it is established that the detainees did not pose
a threat to the public safety, as required by the emergency regulations, law-
yers plan to bring urgent court applications for their release." Although the
Durban ruling has force of law in Natal only, in other provinces lawyers have
backed the judgment "with warning...that if visits are not granted they will
take the matter to the supreme court."

"This week 3-4,000 members of the Chemical Workers Industrial Union at Sasol
struck when, according to the union, management unilaterally suspended wage
negotiations and imposed its own settlement."

Other union activities include a sit-in at Roche Products on June 25 and 26
by South African Chemical Workers Union members in protest at the detention
of trade unionists and on July 11 at National Poultry, 82 Food and Beverage
Workers Union members in the Vaal were dismissed when they protested against
the dismissal of a fellow worker. The workers are still out of work.

Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union reports that although the indus-
trial relations system was threatening to collapse, the situation has eased

by the union's success in getting leave for shop stewards to run branch offices
as well as in the head office.

Major international trade union bodies are keeping track of trade union deten-
tions by compiling lists of detainees and the International Metalworkers Fed-
eration has launched a campaign to free a MAWU [Metal and Allied Workers Union]
official, the LMG said.

84
b

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GERMAN 'GREENS' PUBLIC MEETING, ARREST CAUSE CONTROVERSY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 7 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

TOP-LEVEL DIPLOMATIC representation in Bonn
and Pretoria led to the early release of two members
of the West German Greens Party and four Namibi-
ans detained in Katutura yesterday in terms of securi-

ty legislation.
The chairwoman of the

Greens parliamentary group,

Ms Annemarie _Borgmann,
and parliamentary group
manager, Dr Michael Vesper,
were released shortly before
they were scheduled to address
a public meeting at a Wind-
hock hotel fast night.

They were arrested as they
werc leaving the Katutura com-
pound around midday along
with two Swapo members, Mr

_ Anton Lubowski and Mr Ben

Uulenga, a medical practition-
er, Dr Bjérn von Finkenstein
and Mr Dave Salmon of ‘The
Namibian.

‘The five men were held in the
Katutura cells, and Ms Borg-
mann, who holds a diplomatic

<passport, at the Windhoek

prison.

A. senior security police
officer, Colonel —_ Willie
Meuwesen, said yesterday they
were being held under AG 9,
which provides for detention
without trial.

39

“Ms Borgmann said they had
been denied legal access..--

The German Embassy told
The Advertiser today:
“Representation was made in
Bonn as well as to the South
African Minister of Foreign
Affairs in Pretoria, who acted
onour wishes to help secure the
release of all six people”

The six were released uncon-
ditionally, they said, adding
that “apparently no charges
are going to be brought”.

Col Meuwesen said the case
was still being investigated and
that it was related to the hold-
ing of an illegal meeting.

Asked what had happened,
Dr Vesper told The Advertiser
they had been on a tour of
Katutura, which included a
visit to the compound.

Ms Borgmann said she was
“very surprised” by the whole
incident.

NAMIBIA



ANGOLA

JPRS-SSA-86-089
4 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Eduardo dos Santos Congratulates Polish Counterpart
(Luanda Domestic Service, 22 Jul 86)......scececeececeees

Envoy Kalinin on Soviet Ideals, Support for Government
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Mar 86). .....cccccccececccecceceees

Soviet Contribution to Education Noted
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Apr 86)......cccecccecccectecsceces

Italy Donates Fertilizer To Help Solve Agricultural Problems
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 4 May 86).......cceccececccecceccceces

Residential Compound Built for Swedish Workers
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24. May 86)......cccececcccccececececes

Production Problems of Huila Glass Company
(Gabriel Sobrinho; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Apr 86)..........

New Commercial Dock Inaugurated in Soyo
(Joaquim Artur; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 May 86).....-.eeeeeee

Briefs
Dos Santos Greets Cuba
Cuban Officials Speak at Rally
Kwanza Sul Military Council President
Iko Carreira To Be Replaced
Cuban Minister of Culture Welcomed
Nation Joins IPU
Refugees Flee Into Zambia



/13104
cso:

for computer technicians lasts 15
weeks, for video technicians five
months and for TV technicians six
months. New courses are just being in-
troduced in the fields of data communi-
cations and industrial electronics. .

According to Omnitec’s Melanie
Ryan, about 60% of the electronics
course is practical, and students are
“fully trained to service equipment in
the various fields.”

The minimum qualification for enrol-
ment is Junior Certificate, with maths
and science, but the student must then
pass an aptitude test. If the student
already has some qualifications, he (stu-
dents are predominantly male) can
write an exemption test, success in
which means not having ‘to repeat ele-
mentary instruction:

Demand for technical training has

rompted the opening of a new PTE, the
Radiokom Technical Institute, formed
from the training sections of Radiokom
and Microsciences. .

The institute has two classrooms,
each seating 40, and is in the process of
registering in courses with the Depart-
ment of Manpower, the most important
benefit of which is that they then qualify
for tax concessions.

_Radiokom’s Leon du Preez says the
basic course qualified students for gen-
eral electrical work, but warns that
more specialised courses are necessary
to qualify as a technician.

e basic electronics course is 60
hours and covers five different modules
of a week each. Part-time students do
hands-on work at the institute and cover
the theory of the next section at home.
When qualifying for, a module in a
hands-on area of service, says Du Preez,
students must get 100% or they will not
be passed as competent to progress to
the next module. °

As well as the more conventional to-
pics, Radiokom courses cover robotics,

3400/312

102

" brain drain is opening tl

electrical design, fibre optics and laser
technology.
Standard eight is usually adequate for
,entry to a training course, but everyone
applying has to write an entry examina-
ion.

What sort of peo le take the courses
offered by the PTEs? Many are school-
leavers and those who have completed
national service. Some are older people
coanloe a career change, and others are
lor whose companies for
them fo improve their qualifications.
Most of the students pay for them-
selves, however, and it is “a heavy
financial burden,” according to Ryan.
These people, especially, should check
that the courses they take are regis-
tered with the, Department of Man-

wer, otherwise they ‘will not qualify
ior the tax benefits, which can be up to
‘75% of the cost of the course.

How easily do the students find jobs
once they have completed courses?

Tf the student sticks to the level for
which he has been trained he can usual-
ly get a job,” says Du Preez. .

errins says the marketplace prefers
experienced people, but almost all of
those who qualify do fet jobs. “The

e way for the
newly qualified,” she says.

According to Ryan, Omnitec receives
frequent telephone calls from com-.
panies in need of trained staff. Such jobs.
are displayed on a noticeboard,

Are companies themselves doing
enough to train staff? All three of the
PTEs spoken té were emphatic that
they are not. “There is a strong demand
for engineers, both among computer
companies and third-party mainten-
ance organisations,” says Perrins, “but
there is a decided reluctance by com-
panies to spend money’ on training.”
~_ This is partly due to the recession, she
feels. One positive sign, however, is that
Sompanies are responding to Control

istomisation i
specific needs. of courses ® aut



SWAZILAND

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS ANALYZED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Jun 86 p 10

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

Swaziland’s tranquillity makes the
rioting, bombing, shooting,
necklacing, boycotting and other
turmoil in South Africa seem
remote and irrelevant. It is
anything but that, however.

Beneath the serenity anxiety is
starting to gnaw in Swaziland-as
South Africa’s troubles threaten
increasingly to spill across the
border. .

Most worrisome is the threat of
international sanctions on South
Africa. It is believed that sanctions

could hurt at least as much in

Swaziland as across the border.

Officials deny that Swaziland’s
recent move to loosen ties between
its currency and the rand was
aimed at cushioning the impact of
sanctions. But fears of being
dragged down by a sinking rand
were clearly a major factor behind
the re-negotiation of the currency ;
agreement, under which the rand
will cease to be legal tender in
Swaziland from July 1.

Flexibility

According to officials the change
was aimed at giving Swaziland
greater flexibility in managing its
foreign exchange resources. But in
the business community it is widely
accepted that the move was aimed
at least in part at giving Swaziland
an axe to cut the rope should the
rand start going under.

Any disruption of the South;
African economy is likely to send

ripples into Swaziland. Effective
sanctions would create not ripples
but waves. . 3
Mandatory and comprehensive
sanctions imposed by the United
Nations Security Council would
affect Swaziland whether it imposed
them or not. . pet
Even if it ignored a UN sanctions:
resolution the country would suffer
because the South African-made
goods on which it is largely
dependent would become scarcer or.
/ costlier. .
The effect would be even harsher *
if Swaziland abided by the sanctions
resolution and stopped all trade:
with South Africa. It would ther be
forced to get the goods traditionally:
obtained from South Africa from
‘other countries at much greater
cost. It would also have to try to
find other markets for the
_ substantial proportion of its exports
— about 25 percent — that now. goes
to the Republic. a
2. Swazis could face a big increase”
fin helt cost of living ~ and they
‘would be unlikely to get any real. will refuse to help South Africa
‘help through the UN to offset this. - ... evade sanctions ty’ allowing South
__ The vast majority of Swaziland’s. »- African exporters:to use false
imports come from the Republic.'In __ Swaziland labels and. certificates of
1983, for example, South Africa: ‘:: origin. To do so, he said, would
_ Supplied R512 million of Swazi 'S’ . jeopardise Swaziland’s own exports
total imports of R609 million. : <vand good name, © "~~ .
South Africa supplied all but’ °° oY :-
*R3 000 ‘worth of Swaziland’s. *
+! R87,2 million of fuel and oil imports,” Sanctions 7
‘all but R4 million of her R60 million a et
of food and live animal imports,.all  ;’.’ But this is not.the same thing as
“but R7,6 million of her R63 million - continuing to buy from and sell to

of manufactured goods imports, all
"but R41 million of her R190 million
of: machinery and transport
equipment imports and all but
R220 000 of her R8 million of
‘beverage and tobacco imports.

' "Suddenly finding alternative
sources for these goods would be
difficult as well as expensive.

“This would also be the case in
finding alternative markets for
Swaziland’s exports to South Africa.

Swaziland’s Minister of
Commerce, Industry, Mines and
Tourism, Mr Derek von Wissell, has

;made no- bones about his

Government’s opposition to
sanctions against South Africa and
has pointed to their damaging effect

* on Swaziland.

He has proposed that those
countries pushing for such sanctions

«. should compensate Swaziland and

-“the other Southern African states

for the damage caused to their

economies.

Mr von Wissell has said Swaziland

62


And in a move, which will
undoubtedly throw. the cat
among the pigeons, Mr De
Waal said their representatives
on the Committee of National
Unity had been given a man-

date to speed up the writing of
a final constitution, “which
will replace both AG 8 and
R101"

This move is likely to be un-
popular with Swanu and
Swapo-D.

The DYA rejected the
proposals of the panel of ex-

perts called in by the Commit-

tee of National Unity and said
it stood by its commitment to
a decentralised unitary state
with districts.

The committe is set to meet
‘on Monday to discuss the first
‘draft document.

While Swapo-D and Swanu
have threatened to leave the
‘Transitional Government if it
appeared as if AG 8 could not

be scrapped, leading members -

of the DTA have increasingly

Statement Content

said if AG 8 goes, the central
government should also fall
‘away and an election for a
* replacement be held.

Sparks have also flown in

‘the National Assembly over

the Swanu and Swapo-D move
to only abolish AG 8.

As unelected leaders they
have been accused of summari-
ly wanting to sweep aside lead-
ers who have been democrati-
cally elected.

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 26 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

In a@ statement the Exe-
cutive of the Democratic Tur-
nhalle Alliance said that the

lenary session had been tak-
ng place since Wednesday
of this week in Windhoek. At
the conclusion of the con-
ference, the statement said,
certain resolutions had been
passed:
© The Democratic Turnhalle
Alliance places a high pre-
mium on the legitimacy of a
government, and Is not Inter-
ested In participating Indefl-
nitely In a government which
Is unelected.
@ There is no substitute for
independence, freedom and
ace, and the primary alm of

he DTA Is to lead this coun-
try, as soon as possible, to in-
dependence, with the largest
possible measure of inter-
national recognition.

@ Request its representa-
tives in the Committee of Na-
tional Unity to speed up the
writing of a final constitution,
which must make provision
for the substitution of procta-
mations AG 8 and R 101.

@ Requests the leaders of
the DTA to continue dialogue
with other political parties,

48

church groups and other in-
stances with a stake In the

wountry. -

@ Requests. its leaders to
make contact with the West-
em ‘Contact Group, South
Africa _and- the cretary-
General of the United Nations
to negotlate the issue of In-
dependence, and to do so
outside of the framework of
the existing consultancy ser-
vice ‘of the Transitional
Government.

© The DTA rejects the propo-
sals of the panel of experts of
the Select Committee on Na-
tlonal Unity, and stands for
resolution of the DTA’s ex-
ecutive passed on May 5 of
this year, which provides for
a decentralised unitary state
divided Into districts.

The statement, issued by
the Chief Secretary of the
DTA, Mr J.C. de Waal, added
that the conference adjourn-
ed on Thursday in a spirit of
unity and solidarity. On ad-
journment, certain tasks were
assigned to committees of

the Executive, and a news,
conference would be conven-
ed early next week, Mr de
Waal said.



EXPERTS LAUD NEW SAAF JET, MODIFIED MIRAGE 111

Answers Air Force Requirements

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Jul 86 p 7

[Article by Ian Hobbs]

[Text]

LONDON. — Strategic
and air war experts here
yesterday said that the
new Cheetah attack jet
—a modified Mirage 111
— was a “typically ingen-
ious” answer to the
South African Air
Force’s defence and at-
tack requirements.
Experts at the world-
renowned Institute for
Strategic Studies said
that, while they had to
make assumptions about
the modified Mirage 111,

they were certain that in
the hands of the widely
admired SAAF person-
nel it-would be “as good
as or better than any op-
Position” it might face.

‘Spot-on’'

Aircraft expert Mr
Don Kerr said: “I sus-
pect that Armscor, with
the SAAF, has given the
Mirage 111 a ground-at-
tack capability and it
has involved their usual
very high standard of in-
genuity and feet-on-the-

ground engineering.”

“If this is what the
Cheetah is, then they are
absolutely spot-on. It is
exactly what the SAAF
needed for the north-
west and the like,” he
said. :

He assumed the Chee-
tah was equipped with

similarly sophisticated
laser-aiming and com-
puter systems with
“head-up” display.

It would have required
fundamental airframe
changes and re-skinning
to absorb low-level
flying stress,

“On our knowledge of
the high level of achieve-
ment, in these areas in
South *Africa, ‘we can
safely assume they have
produced a very, very

ine aircraft which
would ‘be admired by
others, in much the way
that the Israelis re-
vamped the Mirage Vs.”4

Mr Kerr said: “Produc-
ing such a ground-attack
aircraft as the, Cheetah
had to have far greater
priority than trying to
get an interceptor to
match the MiG 25s which
are said to be in Angola.

“I presume Armscor
very wisely were not in-
terested in producing an

97

SOUTH AFRICA

interceptor to match the
MiG-25.

“The MiG 25 is doing
mostly reconnaissance
work. We believe this is
its role because it was
never a very good air-
craft in the first place. It
has never been used low
down. It is not a particu-

laser range-finding and | larly, successful air-

craft.”

“Ifyou are considering
going into an intercep-
tion role you have to ask
yourself what the oppo-
sition is. I am sure the
SAAF asked that ques-
tion and came.up with
the right answer in going
for the Cheetah ground
attack instead.

“The SAAF is still
using DC3s for its other
tasks and is getting good
mileage out of them,” he
said.

, ‘Sensible’

Strategic expert Major
Bob Elliott said the
Cheetah was South Afri-
ca’s “sensiblé” answer
to the huge arsenal of air
and ground weaponry in
Angola.

“The Cheetah clearly
has no internal role. Its
development expressed
the concern South
Africa had to have over

;what’is building up on
its frontiers.”



MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL COMMENTS ON ROLE OF GOVERNORS, MINISTERS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] New officials in the government apparatus took office yesterday,
following a ministerial reshuffling which took place about 2 months ago.
President Samora Machel appointed Teodato Hunguana as minister of information,
Hipolito Patricio as deputy minister of the interior, Joao Baptista Cosme as
governor of Cabo Delgado Province and Rafael Maguni as governor of Manica
Province.

Attending the ceremony held at 5:00 pm at the Ponta Verhelha Palace were
members of the CC Politburo of the Frelimo Party, the Permanent Commission
of the people's Assembly, and the Council of Ministers.

Also present were officials from the Information Ministry and the Interior
Ministry.

At the end of the ceremony, President Samora Machel said that in our country,
every official is a representative of all the people and that he does not
represent only a region, a province, a race or a tribe.

Recounting that the men taking office yesterday were young, the chief of
state pointed out that there are no schools where one can learn how to become

a minister or governor.

"We obtain our offices by competence, efficiency, effectiveness and a sense
of responsibility, for the unique objective of serving the interests.of the
people and representing the people, defending the sovereign state and its
territorial integrity, and constantly striving to raise the people's standard
of living," President Samora Machel said, and added:

"To do this, every leader must always have his feet firmly rooted in the
ground, and primarily the governors. The theory of knowledge tells us that
new ideas come from practice. Real knowledge comes from practice."

As for the work each new official will be doing, President Samora Machel had
this to say regarding the national information sector:

22



Industries Commission (AIC)
and the Integrated tron and
‘Steel Commission (!SC). One
of the firsts tasks taken up
by the new C lon. Was
the examination of the re-
ports of the 1962 committee
and the whole issue of iron ;
and steel production in Cha,
na generally, with a view
to making appropriate. Te-
commendations to the Go.
vernment. .

tn carrying, out this {ask
the Minerals Commission has
examined Part,! of the 1982
committee: repore and is
waiting for Part Il, In essen.
ce, Part | of the report con-
firms the conclusion of the
earlier committee, that the
question of the source of
energy is critical to the
viability of the Project.

in the meantime, 2 group
of local experts (mostly from
the Institute of Mining and
Mineral Engineering UST),
have suggested that it would
be more realistic to begin
with the production of from
and steel in Ghana: on a
smaller scale, using charcoal
for energy, While following
up the proposals in the KIS
report, therefore, the Mine.
rals Commission is sponsor.
ing the investigation of this
smaller.scale oroduction pro.

al, H
~ {tis a matter of great

regret that there has been
cra/eme pressure from private
quarters in Ghana aimed at
frustrating this necessarily
painstaking process, and
rushing Government into
undertaking the Project es
proposed by KIS or inviting
KIS to, Ghana for discussion
to the same end, without
the information on which
alone Government can take
2 position that aflvances the
true interests of the national
economy. The Commission
hag, in spite of these pres-
sures, recommended, and
the Government has agreed.
that, amt invitation should not
be issued to KIS until 2
number of important ques.
tions have been answered.
Among them ere the follow.

ing:

@ Since the report wes
issued in 1979 the cost of
almost all the important fac +
tors — energy, rew mate-

4 rials, machinery, etc. — have

gone up. Moreover, the mar-
ket position of steel in the
world hag deteriorated quite

+ In consequence. |
any report of fron and steel
production completed in 1978 |
would need. updating before:
it could be seriously consi-
dered today. The Govern-
ment therefore, asked KIS
for an updated report as far
back as 1982, Nothing has
been heard from KIS since,

. This request has now been

repeated.‘

@ The suygestion that.

naturel gap be Used instead
vf enerov front tie VAN o"!
ag originally proposed raises
@ number of major questions.
Among these are the conei-
derable extra costs involved
in establishing a ‘yas turbine
generating plant (estimated
in 1980 at US $350 million),

. and the whole quesdon of

bringing the Dixcove gas
field into production to
feed the turbines,

It needs to be stated
that KIS acted simply as
consultants and, as far as
the’ Commission is aware,
has not proposed to invest
any money in the project,”
nor are any other investors
known to the Commission to
have shown active interest
in the project. Indeed, the
original KIS report did vot
deal with the financing of
the project, Nor did it spell
out and cost the obligations
of the Government of Ghana
to make provision for up-
grading 125km.of rail (Opon
Valley to Ashiem and Tako-
radi) and the acquisition of
rolling stock;; the upgrading
a 140km of highway; .end the
development of — workers’
townships and access roads.

This important aspect of thy
Project would require Gov-
emment to sink quite size-
able amounts of money into
the development of infras-
tructure. All this will pre-
sumably come from loans
raised abroad »y  Govern-
ment.

Thus in spite of the glib
statement in the “Times”
Editorial about the easv
availability of overseag finan.

18

cing not only did the Re-
port not adequately spell out
the costs, but there is no
evidence before the Com-
misgion of any active interest
shown by any investor in the
steel project.

‘ @ Tre KIS Report pro-
posed a steel plant with 2
capacity of 200,000 tons per
year (tpy). This was intend-
ed to meet local demand and
provide only enough exports
to cover loan repayments, If
is yet to be established that
a figure arrived et this way
is the optimum ‘ity for
a profitable steel mill in the
19805.

OVER‘SUPPLY

@ Since 1979 tiere has
-been a serlous oversupply in
the steel industry world-
wide. It is well-known, for
instance, thet European and
Japanese steel ‘manufac-
turers are having great diffi-
culty marketing their _pro-
duct, and that the US is.
having to put up protestive
barriers eround its. steel
industry.

Nearer home “it is no
secret that @ neighbouring
country is finding it very di-
fficult to dispose of its steel.
In the ices, would
it mot be imprudent for
Ghana to undertake iron and
steel production on a serious
sctle without making quite
certain about the marketing
errangements Yor its surplus
product?

tn this connection it is
instructive thet the Co-ordi.

Consultants to the

KIS Project in a memoran-
dum submitted to the Mine-
rala Commission as re-«
cently es December 1985,
while basically optimistic
about the ultimate viability
of the Project, expressed
ab “certain

perecte of te KIS



SOUTH AFRICA

TRAINING OF COMPUTER, ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS DESCRIBED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Jun 86 p 11
{Article by Heath Young]

[Text] THE EXPLOSION in the use of comput- Courses run from beginner's to ad-

ers and other electronic equipment has
sent demand for service personnel soar-
ing. . .
Paradoxically, while the, devices
themselves have become more com-

lex, training of technical personnel has
Been simplified. It used. to take’ five
years to train a motor mechanic, but an
electronics serviceman can now ‘be
trained in a few months.

This is partly the nature of the job.

Generally, the serviceman runs through
a checklist of trouble-shooting proce-
dures until he locates the fault and then
exchanges the defective sub-assembly
for a new one. There is little actual
repair at this level.
artly, too, it is that training methods
have improved. Finally, the whole of the
training period is now aimed at produc-
ing skilled service technicians, whereas.
in the bad old days training was only
art of an apprentice’s working day; for
The rest he was used as cheap labour.

In SA the technikons form a major
centre of training for electronics techni-
cians, but private training establish-
ments (PTEs) are playing an increasing
role.

The Control Data Institute, an arm of
the US multinational manufacturer of
supercomputers and developer of the
Plato computer-aided instruction s1
tem, has been providing Jraining inSA
for seven years. In the US it is celebrat-
ing its 2ist year in training.

Manager Ruth Perrins told Business
Day that the institute will train about
200 full-time students in 1986 and per-
haps as many part-timers.

101

vanced, The electronics curriculum
Provides training in 14 subject areas
{designed to five students a working
knowledge of the concepts, terminology
and analysis techniques of basic electri-
gal and electronic circuits.

. Courses can be taken separately. The
computer technology course, for exam-
ple, which is designed to train the stu-
lent for a career as a technician in the
computer industry, comprises the basic
electronics module (340° hours of in-
struction, plus courses on the micropro-
pron t, introduction to computer
sysi central processor unit, perip!
erals and. practical troubleshooting).
‘The whole course lasts for 875 hours.

* What does all that mean to the
student? “It qualifies him to service
‘equipment, to take a position as a junior

computer engineer or work in a labora-
tory,” says Perrins.

Control Data’s microtechnology
‘course qualifies the student to service
anything that is microprocessor-con-
trolled, from video mact to indus-
trial equipment.

For the computer technology course,
the institute usually requires students to
have Matric, preferably with maths and
science. However, every student has to
take an assessment test, which is used
internationally. In certain: cases, stu-
dents who do not have either Matric
maths or science, or who have one of
these subjects on standard grade, can be
given extra tuition, she says. .

Omnitec Institute has been running
Courses for 11 years. Its full-time course



MOZAMBIQUE

BULGARIA TO CONTINUE ‘COOPERATIVE EFFORTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Apr 86 p 1

[Text] The People's Republic of Bulgaria intends to continue. cooperating with
Mozambique; a fact cited in the report of the Bulgarian Communist Party's
Central Committee submitted at its 13th Congress, held recently in Sofia.

The two countries direct their relations on the basis of a "treaty. of friendship
and cooperation" made in 1978 and revised annually at meetings of a joint
commission on economic and scientific-technical cooperation.

Since the treaty went into effect, Bulgaria has allocated to Mozambique loans
worth over 60 million levas (1 leva is equal to $1), to supply commodities,
construction materials, and prospecting equipment.

The main projects for economic cooperation are in the areas of agriculture,
civil construction, and transportation. Some of the most important ones are
the construction of the irrigation system over an area of 9,100 hectares, as
part of the program for the accelerated development of Limpopo Valley, in the
southern part of the country; the preparation of maps for the irrigated region;
and the creation of a joint enterprise for architectural projects, with the
participation of Bulgarian architects.

Bulgaria participates in the technical management and control of the construc-
tion of the central-northeastern highway.

Between 1976 and 1985, the commercial exchanges between the two countries
amounted to nearly $55 million. Predominating among Bulgaria's exports to
Mozambique were farm machinery, irrigation equipment, and electronic calculating
equipment, and food projects, as well as canned fruit and legumes, chemical
products and notions.

The scientific and technical cooperation is carried out ‘primarily through Bulga-
rian technical backup. .At the end of 1985, there were nearly 180 Bulgarian
technicians working in Mozambique.

Over the long term, it is planned to concentrate joint efforts on the ‘construc~
tion of projects that will increase Mozambique's export potential, contributing
to the surmounting of Mozambique's debts to Bulgaria.

30



Ezuva, a cultural organisation,
has started selecting teachers from
schools to undertake ‘courses’.

The educational politics of reset-
tlement deprive the parents of their
responsibility for the education of
their children.

Family life is slowly being!
destroyed and with it, traditional
values. If one considers that South
African syllabi are taught in
Kavango schools (and in the rest of
the country), it is not difficult to
understand the reasons for the
failures in education as well as the
distortion of values,

At a time when the importance
of African culture, and with it fami-
ly life, is being re-discovered
everywhere in Africa, the Depart-
ment of Education and ENOK are
devising strategies which go counter
to the general African trend — thus
provoking polarisation in the
country.

These strategies are making peo-
plz dependent, poorer and more ir-
responsible. There are similarities
with the fate of the Bushmen in this
country. 1

People are not educated to
freedom and responsibility, to self-
help and creativity, which would be
an authentic development, but to
become docile citizens and future
soldiers to war against their
neighbours.

‘Cultura?’ organisation, =
the Bible and the gun

The military aspect of the ‘total.
strategy’ is important.

The military acts mainly through
Koevoet and Ezuva.

Koevoet is the socalled counter-
insurgency unit of the South
African Police (now in the hands of
the SWA Police), whose actions
have descredited military ethics by
the use of terrorist methods.
Koevoet uses security law AG9 to
arrest and imprison people for an
indefinite period without trial.

At present, subsequent to a
Supreme Court Judge ruling that
AG9 is ‘unlawful’ (contrary to the
Bill of Fundamental Rights ac- ,
cepted by the Transitional Govern- *
ment), the Police and Koevoet make
use of Section 6 of the Terrorism |

Act-(South African) to arrest and {
imprison suspects in the Kavango, !
These detainees are denied visits
by the International Committee of
the Red Cross. ‘
It is known that one of the multi-
ple consequences of colonisation is
a- psychological de-structurisation
of colonised people. If one includes
the slow process of cultural and
familial disintegration, accelerated
by the abovementioned strategies,
one can understand the state of un-
balance of the Kavango people.
In order to ‘win the minds and |
hearts of the people’, the military |
have also devised a cultural
organisation known as Esuva.
There are similar organisations in
Owambo (Etango), in the Caprivi
and in Katutura (The Alertness and
Interest Organisation for Namibia).
They are all part of the
psychological war. One can say the
following about Ezuva:
@ One can draw a parallel between
Ezuva (Etango etc), and the
Broederbond, It is the same type of
pseudo-cultural-religious and
dominating organisation;
@ Ezuva is a mixture of national-
christianity, paganism and ethnic
symbols, all sustained by boy scout
methods;
@ It tries to answer the deep needs
of the people for employment and
for a coherent and naive explana-
tion of the world today. Money is
also a ‘powerful’ means of buying
people.”
@ It is ethnic-minded, diverting
people from thinking in terms of a
nation, of freedom and UNO
Resolution 435. It also concentrates
on sport and sex education, giving
free contraceptives to the youth as
well as Bibles and other religious
literature;
@ Ezuva (like Etango etc), is try-
ing to instal itself as the religion of
the State. ,
In short, Ezuva means to
manipulate both young and old in
the Kavango, working-in the Ad-
ministration, military, education,
nurses, administrative officials, for
whom it is then easy to find work,
It can be compared to the Hitler
Youth during World War II, or to

54

the Socialist Youth of eastern
countries.

Dictatorships employ similar
methods. The elementary anti-
communist vocabulary used by
Ezuva is dangerous, because it is
too simplistic and leads to confron-
tation. Ezuva, like the military, ex-
cessively emphasise the ethnic fac-
tor. Once again the military is
working against the general trend
of Africa, which is to unite
ethnically-divided people —
; another source of polarisation.

It is a wellknown fact in Rundu
that morality in army camps is very
low. Alcohol, drugs and sexual
abuse are taking their toll. Both
black and white soldiers are suffer-
ing from psychological tensions
engendered by the guerrilla
warfare,

Dominees from the NG Church
try to understand and alleviate the
problems of blacks through
ethnological study. Other churches
refuse to enter the military camps,
resulting in many soldiers switching
over to the Calvinist faith.

The social dynamics of the
Angolan refugees

There are some 15 000 Angolan
refugees in the Kavango who have
adapted easily, building their own
homes and gardens. It is interesting
‘to note that these people display a
social dynamic which is absent in
the Kavango people.

The former Angolans show in-
itiative, self confidence and mix
easily with the whites — probably
due to the fact that Portuguese col-
onials (300 years of colonisation),
were non-racist and mixed with the
black population.

The natural and historical factors
mentioned above, and the 60 years
of South African racist colonisa-
tion have made the whites objects
of suspicion in the eyes and minds
‘of the Kavango people, who remain
closed and mysterious, one of the
things that could jeopardise Israeli
development aid.

Alcoholism and increasing disease

According to a doctor at a mis-
sion ‘The health of the people



when the homelander
tled in town. And toda
lines are still draw!
“ys" and “then”

“They are killing our
town,” outspoken anti-
Oranjewerker Mrs Joy Roux
says {rom behind the counter
of her general dealer store.

“Morgenzon will turn into
a ghost town if they have
their way. Without the blacks
there will be no buying power
intown.”.

Mrs Roux’s opinion echoes
the feeling of most Morgen-
zonners. Their opposition to
the Oranjewerkers is not

based on moral grounds but |

‘on economic survival.
Residents from the black
township of Sivukile keep
Morgenzon storeowners
alive, and employers rely on
cheap black labour — easily
obtainable from Sivukile

wher unemployment isrife. ,

Dwindling

After two years of,

Oranjewerkers presence

Morgenzon is still in the grip -

of death. White numbers are
dwindling and the local pri-
mary school was forced to
advertise for pupils from the
cities.

Primary school numbers
have fallen from 187 to 170 in
less than six months, and only
48 children are in the hostel
bein 150. If they. lose

enteachers will have to go.

Decline is evident: houses
are standing empty, several

shops, including garages;

have put up the shutters and
for visitors to spend a night in
Morgenzon has become im-

sible — the once-thriving

jotel has fallen on bad times. «

But the less than 1 000.in-
habitants, most of them born,
bred and staunch Morgenzon-

ners, are not putting the .

lights out yet.

19274
CSO: 3400/361

‘The neighbouring towns of

* Bethal, Ermelo and Stander-

ton serve as thelr inspiration.
With the advent of Sasol IT at
Secunda, these towns have
been turned into vital indus-
vi eee ofolbwsil,
‘zonners hope to followsuit.
To blame the decline of the
town wholly on the presence
of ‘the ‘Oranjewerkers would
be unfair. But their Wwell-pub-
licised ‘ dream of making
Morgenzon the heart of their
strategically planned white
homeland has remained an
empty ideal. :
The Oranjewerkers in

: Morgenzon can be counted on

twohands. .

There is Dr Willem van
Heerden, Professional eng
neer and father of the
Oranjewerkers in Morgen-
zon, the Town Clerk, Mr Frik
Jooste, the Jordaans who
opened a small glass fibre

5 factory, and three farmers in
/ the area.

Philosophy

Mr Pieter Stolz, a worker
in Mr Jordaan’s factory, ar-
rived last month. “"" “man

. Oranjewerker,” he says. “I
live in one of their houses. T
+ don’t pay rent.”
. » Many residents were open-
y critical of the whites the
ranjewerkers are import-
ing re not selective.
They are bringing any out-of-
work white into the town,”
one resident remarked.
Retired railway worker

. Oom Daan Grobbelaar has

his own philosophy: “This
white homeland is not a bad
idea — but they are too late.
‘We are here to stay — and so
are the blacks.

“Anyhow, apartheid is in
-the heart — everyone knows
where his place is.” 2

But both the supporters of
grand and small apartheid
are “safe.” Townfounder Jan

de Jager, who donated part of

his farm in 1912 to establish

72

° the town, made sure that no

other race group will ever
settle there.

‘The deed of transfer deter-
mines that no Indian,
coloured or black person is
allowed to hire or buy any

coperty in Morgenzon.
PRK nige apron to hide be-

“hind,” a resident who wished

toremain anonymous added.
Mr de Jager’s wishes are

{still exercised today, and the

two ‘general dealer stores
owned by Indian families on
the town borders serve-as re-
minders.

“T'd like to open up a busi-

ness in town,” says Mr Rafik

Jassat, whose father bought
the store on Morgenzon’s bor-
der 22 years ago.

Business is thriving for the

© Jassats. But they will never

be welcome in Morgenzon.

Earmarked

To the outsider, Morgenzon
could be any platteland dorp

; fighting: for its existence.

There is little life in the
streets, and with the children
from both the high and pri-
mary schools on holiday, the
dire effects of depopulation
and a fierce recession are
clearly visible. °
Morgenzon has been ear-
marked for a future power
station by industrial consult--
ants, but the Government

. Might decide to establish it

elsewhere if the Oranje-
werkers take over the town,

-one promiment resident said.

“We will fight them tooth
and nail in the next civic

election,” said one shop-own<
er
But if the Oranjewerkers.

succeed in buying up, enough:
property, they might stage a

coup. :
* But Mrs Roux has the last:
word: “If these people think
they can Koist their flag over
Morgezon they aro-underesti-
mating us.” c



MOZAMBIQUE

SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY THREAT CHARGED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Apr 86 p 1

[Unsigned editorial]

[Text] This week, the South African defense minister, Gen Magnus Malan, .submit—
ted to Congress in Capetown a white paper on defense, in which he claimed. that,
last year, ANC "consolidated and expanded its. political and military infrastruc-
ture" in "all the neighboring countries of South Africa." - .

This can only be interpreted as another veiled threat of attack upon the SADCC
countries; which is all the more disturbing since it comes after the American
attack on Libya, in which Pretoria saw an example to imitate.

In that document, Malan maintains that ANC has given its military 14-day courses
of instruction in the handling of grenades and thome~made bombs. Malan does not
specify where ‘that training was given, but declared that many of the ANC mili-
tants come from the ranks of the United Democratic Front (UDF), a legal poli-
tical organization in the country.

In February of this year, thé.minister of law and ‘order, Louis Le Grange,
announced that the armed activity against his government in 1985 had increased
38 percent dver 1984. Le Grange also announced that many ANC militants. have
been trained in the use of certain types of weapons "inside South Africa,"

Regardless of whether ANC has military type aide outside the country, the
crucial fact is that the South African people's willingness to struggle (widely
demonstrated during the past 2 years) would, sooner or later, make military
training against "apartheid" a reality within South Africa itself.

This is a reality that no series of threats of attack and no series of attacks
on the nations of ‘the area can change. That internal operativeness of ANC
will increase, and the armed action against the regime aunched from inside
South Africa will end only when "apartheid" ends.

2909
CSO: 3442/273

24



SOUTH AFRICA

COAL MINING INDUSTRY FEARS SANCTIONS
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 27 Jul 86 p 6

[Article by John Orpen]

[Text ] Committee of the Cham- -
IF comprehensive ‘sani * ber of Mineb,-said that of
c s ‘ée: anti-South:+
tions were to Be imple rican Bils before the © cMF Cook said thatthe
mented against: South: i ‘United States Congress, ° Renoral secretary of the
Africa, around 35 per;.. two contained anti-coal ational inion of Mine-
cent of the 100000 work-’ import clausqs.. i orkers, Mr-Cyril Ra-
ers employed in the coal: *" «what we ‘are con: ‘maphosa, had called:for
mining industry could be cerned ‘about! is the pos: Farr ons peainat South
retrenched, sible domino effect that, against any Tretrench-
« Mr Allen Cook, chait- :such'a sariction might’
man of the 'Collieries: :-have on our ‘major coal

tr ding “partners,” he

otk ‘Africa exports
about 40,5 million tons of
goal a year.
‘Transvaal Coal
Owners’ Association
managing director Mr
Les’ Weiss said it was
very difficult to predict
which. way the EEC
‘would jump but added
that French imports had
fallen off quite markedly
in recent years.

‘se said that Denmark,
which used to import:
around:3 million tons a
year, had. already imple-
mented sanctions.
3.'France; according to.
‘some’sources, used to
import about eight mil-
lion tons a year.. This
‘had’ fallen off to around
5,5 million tons.

19274
cso: 3400/355

90



Meeting at First of May Square, workers enthusiastically supported the new
party and governmental organization and the president of the Seventh Military
Region, which includes the provinces of Benguela and Kwanza Sul.

Kundy Payama, member of the MPLA-Labor Party Politburo and minister of state
for inspection and state control, who introduced Major Joao Manuel Lourenco
and the new commander of the Seventh Military Region, Major Armando da Cruz
Neto and Captain Manuel Fernandes, the provincial delegate from the Ministry
of State Security of Benguela, said good-bye to the people in a speech express-—
ing his appreciation for their cooperation during the four years he adminis-
tered the province.

Kundy Payama said that this cooperation made it possible to achieve the tasks
assigned by the party, the government and President Jose Eduardo dos Santos
insofar as it was possible.

8844
CSO: 3442/268



SOUTH AFRICA

GRAPH SHOWS GOVERNMENT SALARY INCREASES OVER LAST 8 YEARS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Aug 86 p 11

{text} 1979 [ woo | ier | ives | Woe | ives | 1906

TIO +—jEXECUTIVE] stare | PRIME | sunisteR

|_| exes PRESIDENT | MINISTER
100;

= |<:
em A be }
80)
70

|

60.
50
40
30
20
7
H
£10.
F
=0o . 7

EES 1982 3 8 3 88

This graph shows how the salaries of the State President and Cabinet Ministers have

increased .over the past eight years. In 1979, when Mr Botha was already the executive.

head of state, but his title was still Prime Minister, he earned R63 177, of which the taxman

took a portion. Now, with the title of State President, he receives a tax-free salary of

R109 000. During the same period, the remuneration of Cabinet Ministers soared from R30 345
to R114 930, which is taxable except for an allowance portion.

73
19274
CSO: 3400/361



19274
cso:

the Johannesburg-based
Legal Resources Centre
to act on their behalf.

Lawyer Geoff M
Budlender has already
sent a telex to the Min-
ister of Constitutional
Development and Plan-
ning in a bid to stop the
South African govern-
ment from going ahead
with its plans.

The Brits community
have repeatedly stated
their fears that Leth-
labile could finally be
incorporated into Bop-
huthatswana.

“We have noted that
the government has
again stated, in a white
paper on urbanisation,
that no further forced
removals will take

3400/360

place.

Our clients have ins-
tructed us to request you
formally to announce, as
a matter of urgency, that
the Brits location will
not be disestablished,
and that those people
who wish to remain
there will be permitted
to do so," stated the
Legal Resources Cent-
re's telex. to the
minister. ’

It further said that it
would be "disastrous" at
the moment, for town-
ships to be diséstab-
lished and- housing
demolished.

Budlender expressed
disappointment in the
departmnent's delay to
respond. to his clients’

79

demands.

"We are still puzzled

whether the authorities
will carry on with its
removal or not,”
concluded Budlender.
__ Fears of incorporation
into Bophutatswana we-
re also expressed by the
trade union movement
which felt that the
homeland authorities
would supress its act-
ivity.

Homeland authorities

: are known to have dealt

harshly with the unions
in the past,

Roman Catholic
Church leader, Arch-
bishop George Daniel,
has repeatedly cond-
emned the removals.

Inan interview with
the NEW NATION,
Archbishop Daniel said
during his tour abroad
with other clergy, they
made known the pos-
ition of the church with
regard to the question of
forced removals.

"We indicated the
church's disapproval to
the policy of: the
government's removals
and resettlement," he
said.



ANGOLA

EDUARDO DOS SANTOS CONGRATULATES POLISH COUNTERPART
MB230649 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 22 Jul 86

[Congratulations from Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of the MPLA-Labor Party
and president of the People's Republic of Angola, to Wojciech Jaruzelski, first
secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, on his reelection--date of mes-
sage not given]

[Text] Esteemed comrade: On behalf of the Angola people, the MPLA-Labor Party
Central Committee, and on my own behalf, I have the honor to express our warmest
congratulations to you, and through you to the Polish people. The decision by
the Polish people and militants of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) to
reelect you as the PZPR first secretary, demonstrates their confidence in you
and recognition of your qualities as a leader and statesman, having wisely led
your country.

I would also like to congratulate you for successfully holding the 10th PZPR
Congress, certain that the implementation of the objectives recommended at the
congress will be the main concern of the Polish Communists to speed up your
country's progress and the social well-being of the Polish people. I reiterate
our desire to further develop relations of friendship, solidarity, and coopera-
tion in the common interest of our respective peoples, parties, and states.
With highest consideration,

[signed] Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of the MPLA-Labor Party and presi-
dent of the People's Republic of Angola

/12766
CSO: 3400/321



metal and ing industries have
pledged to join forces in their
ight for a living wage.

The solidarity pledge, made at
the first national congress of the
Metal and Allied Workers Union
last week, comes just days after
both unions deadlocked in their
wage talks.

The national congress marks
an important shift towards the
greater democratic involvement
of workers in the decision-
making process.

This in line .with it
commitment to building a "true
socialist society", which Mawu

‘says can only be achieved if the

working class and its allies are
allowed to discuss all ideas
freely.

Unionists at the congress
warned the bosses against
dismissing workers involved in

strikes which follow a break-

down in talks.

The warning came amidst |

speculation that Seifsa would

ask the Minister of Manpower to |
extend its wage offer to Mawu -

members, who have rejected it.
The union's national org-

aniser, Bernie Fanaroff, says if

the wage agreement is extended

to Mawu members, it will
preclude any legal strike action.
"This will confirm our claim that
there is no right to strike in the
metal industry," he says.

But Mawu says it will go
ahead and conduct strike ballots
before launching the industrial
action for higher wages.

It added that the right to strike
was an inalienable right of the
working class and its main
defence against exploitation and
oppression.

Workers also called for the
scrapping of laws which make
picketing an offence,

ILO-COSATU Talks Break Silence

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 17-30 Jul 86 p 16

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/360

THE CONGRESS of SA
Trade Unions has
become the first South
African worker org-
anisation in almost 20
years to make contact
with a high-level In-
ternational Labour Org-
anisation (ILO) de-
legation.

‘he meeting took
place against the back-
ground of an intensified
campaign of violence
against Cosatu mem-
bership and the im-
prisonment of its lead-
ers.

The ILO attacked the
agents responsible for
the violence against
Cosatu, particularly in
the Natal area, and

romised to support the
‘ederation in its struggle
against apartheid.

The ILO director-
general, Francis Blanch-
ard, reiterated the
organisation's stance on
apartheid.

SANCTIONS

. He said the most
effective action which

77

the international ‘comm-
unity could take to’
persuade the SA gov-
ernment to abandon its
apartheid policies was to
enforce stricter econ-
omic sanctions.

Contact between the‘
ILO and the Trade
Union Council of SA
(Tucsa) and the SA

overnment came to halt
in 1968 when SA was
expelled from the world
body. .
At the time of SA's

expulsion, black work-.

ers were not allowed to

belong to recognised

trade unions. They were

also not classified as

employees in terms of

SA's Iabour laws and

were denied the rights”
enjoyed by other work-

ers.

This year was the first
time that an SA del-
egation, led by Cosatu
vice-president ‘Chris
Diamini, and the fed-
eration's treasurer, Max-
well Xulu, met officials
from the worker section
of the ILO headed by its
director Cezare Poloni.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

REMOTE-CONTROLLED AIRCRAFT--Pretoria, 16 May (SAPA)--Remotely-controlled air-
craft will be flown by the reactivated 10 Squadron, based Potchefstroom, the
chief of the air force, Lt-Gen D. J. Earp, announced in Pretoria today. The
4,2m-long radio-controlled aircraft would primarily be used for artillery tar-
get indication, he said in a statement. The 180kg propellor-driven aircraft
had been developed and manufactured locally. This was "a further demonstra—
tion of the high standard of technology which has been reached by the aviation
industry in South Africa," Gen Earp said. The planes’ propeliors are driven by
internal combustion engines. They have a 6m wing span and the fuselage con-
sists mainly of fibreglass. Potchefstroom air force base is closely situated
to the artillery school, Gen Earp pointed out. "The development of remotely
piloted vehicles is a world-wide tendency and a logical force multiplier for
the SA Air Force," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1545 GMT

16 May 86 MB] /9274

LOCAL AIRSHIP SET TO FLY--The prototype of SA's first airship will take to the
skies early next month. Test flights of the locally-built ship will take
place over Walkerville, and will give aviation observers an insight into
future developments. Brainchild of Jurgen Benzon, 47, the 7m-long Miniship
wil be radio-controlled on its maiden voyage. “This ship is the first of
many," said Nigel Wakefield, marketing director of Airships SA, the holding
company for the project. "It is small as airships go but is intended for use
as a publicity craft and not as a passenger carrier,” he said. “Our next
craft will be 35m long and capable of carrying five people.” Over R20 000 has
been spent on the project and Airships SA hopes sponsorship in the form of
advertising will aid future developments. The outer skin of the ship is
constructed from locally-manufactered nylon, while the inner skin is imported
material. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Jun 86 p 3]
[Article by Mick Collins] /13104

FUEL CORROSION INHIBITOR DISCOVERED--After testing more than 120 additives
from all over the world, Sasol scientists have made a technological
breakthrough with the discovery of a formula which eliminates fuel corrosion
in petro-driven vehicles. The new inhibitor called Rustblok (registered name
Heptasol) was discovered after seven years of intensive research. Before the
discovery, Sasol said, various chemical manufacturers - both local and foreign
- had attempted without success the development of a suitable corrosion
inhibitor. It added that few carburettors escaped rust because not many fuel
tanks could avoid containing minute amounts of water. “Over a number of years
this could add up to a litre of water.” [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 30 Jun 86 p 3] /13104

CSO: 3400/312 - END -
103



of emergency the CRG said they had knowledge of 8,400 detainees, superceding
the figure of the entire previous emergency, 7,900, by 500 percent. The CRG
point out South Africa's prisons are already in excess of 130 percent. A CRG
analysis of 2,232 missing people revealed 74 percent were political community
workers, 23 percent were trade unionists and 3 percent were journalists, clergy
and from other organizations. The United Democratic Front has been a major
target--69 percent of those detained belonged or were affiliated to the organ-
ization. "The vast majority of detainees are middle-level leadership or
ordinary members of organizations, such as workers, members of street commit-
tees and student groups," the CRG said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English
1500 GMT 24 Jul 86 MB]/12766

RMG ISSUES DEATH REPORT--Cape Town, July 23 SAPA--An average of 30.2 people
had died each week since the state of emergency was declared, according to the
Repression Monitoring Groups (RMG) weekly report. The RMG said the daily
average of deaths remained at about four. A week by week analysis showed that
on average 30 deaths occur every week with the lowest number of deaths per
week recorded during the fourth week of the emergency and the first week
recording the highest total number of deaths, 47. The highest death toll in
one day was recorded on July 16 when 12 people were reported dead in Kwandebele.
According to the RMG's emergency statistics, 47 people died between June 12
and June 18, 19 people died between June 19 and June 25, 30 people died between
June 26 and July 2, 21 people died between July 10 and July 16, and 7 people
died between July 17 and 18. The latest unrest death toll released by the
Bureau for Information stands at 161. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English
2234 GMT 23 Jul 86 MB]/12766

IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON SWEDISH GOODS--Pretoria, July 24, SAPA-—Import controls
have been imposed on Swedish goods to safeguard South African importers’
interests, the Department of Trade and Industry said in Pretoria today. A
departmental news release said South Africa imported goods valued about R237
million from Sweden during the first 10 months of last year. About 60 percent
of these goods consisted of electric equipment, machines and cars, which neces-
sitated maintenance services. The department said the import controls should
be seen against the numerous attempts by Sweden to restrict traditional trade
links with South Africa. The Swedish Government had for instance: 1) banned
the importation of Kruger rands, and fruit and vegetables; 2) banned new
investments in and loans to South Africa; 3) banned technological exchanges;
4) asked Swedish firms not to trade with South Africa; and 5) imposed import
and export control measures on all goods to and from South Africa. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1219 GMT 24 Jul 86 MBI/12766

STUDENTS STAY AWAY FROM SCHOOLS--Cape Town, July 22, SAPA--Pupils from five
colored schools in the Athlone area stayed away from school today in support

of demands for the release of teachers and fellow pupils from detention.
According to sources, pupils have decided on a week-long stayaway because they
wanted an end to the "harassment" of teachers and pupils, a written guarantee
from the Department of Education and Culture that police would not enter school
premises, and the release of detained teachers and pupils. The liaison officer
for the Ministers Council, Mr Thinus Dempsey, confirmed today that five senior
secondary schools in the Athlone area, Modderdam, Arcadia, Heideveld, Cathkin

88



NAMIBIA

PAPER CRITICIZES IMPORTING OF VENDA TROOPS
Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 4 Jul 86 p 13
[Editorial]

[Text]

THE ADMISSION by the leader of the Venda homeland in South
Africa that 232 Venda troops had been deployed in Namibia for
a three month period from May this year, comes as a shock to.
many Namibians.

That these troops have been sent here to get ‘practical ex-
perience’ as well as to ‘combat communism’ is also a matter of
grave concern.

The acknowledgement that bantustan troops’are being tested
under ‘operational conditions’ here in Namibia, raises a number
of questions:

If the interim government sanctioned this move, then does this
imply recognition on their part, of the ‘homeland governments’
of South Africa? .

If they were not consulted, do they approve of this move?

Or is it yet another example of South Africa ‘pulling the
strings?’ Recently there were reports that the South African
Defence Force had used Namibian soil (namely the Mpacha base
in Caprivi) to launch raids on neighbouring Frontline states, and
despite questions as to whether they had sanctioned or approved
the move, the interim government failed once again to account
to the people.

The South African Government, the interim government, and
of course the South African Defence Force consider the Cuban
troops as a ‘foreign presence’ in Angola, and refuse to allow im-.
plementation of the Namibian settlement plan unless they are
withdrawn, yet with typical double standards, they condone the.
presence of ‘foreign homeland troops’ on Namibian soil.

The Venda troops also represent what is abhorrent to most’
Namibians: namely, the system of bantustans and apartheid. The
interim government constantly claims it is opposed to such as
system, and yet appears to condone it in practice.

56



DAMARA LEADER DENIES PARTY MERGE PLAN

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317

THE POSSIBILITY of the Damara Council, Mr
Peter Kalangula’s CDA and the NNOP of Mr Ru-
dolph Ngondo forming one party had been discussed,
Damara leader Justus Garoeb confirmed today.

However, Mr Garoeb said
tial talks on the matter had
taken place before the Council
of Churches in Namibia con-
ference which resulted in the
/Ai-//Gams group.

He was reacting to reports in
a local Afrikaans daily which
wrote extensively on , the
prospect today.

The Damara leader said it
was premature to comment on
the.one-party possibility.

“There is nothing tangible to
say about it now.

“We are first waiting to see
whit comes out of /Ai-
//Gams? he said, reaffirming
his commitment to the in-
itiative.

Mr Garoeb also spoke out
strongly in favour of
internationally-supervised
elections.

“We will not participate in
any other clections;’ he empha-
sized.

Mr Peter Kalangula, who is
visiting Holland, was not avail-
able for comment.

csO: 3400/155

Mr Garocb ' was today
reported as hitting out at the
lack of electoral support of two
parties in the Transitional
Government, Mr Moses Kat-
jijucngua’s Swanu (MPC) and
Mr Andreas —_‘Shipanga’s
Swapo-D.

He described an open elec-
tion as a risk for both Mr Kat
jiuongua and Mr Shipanga.

Mr Garoeb added that if
AG 8 went, the central govern-
ment should also fall away and
an election for a replacement
held.

52

Interestingly, Mr Garocb’s
views have been echoed by
other members of the Transi-
tional Government, most
notably DTA chairman Dirk
Mudge.

Sparks have also flown in
the National Assembly over

Mr Shipanga and Mr Kat-
jiuongua’s move to only abol-
ish AG 8.

NA members have accused *
them of being unelected and of
not wanting to be put to the
test, while ‘fiddling with the
fate of those who have partici-
pated in elections.



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

UK DONATION--Gaborone--The British Government has donated R800,000 to Botswana
to help the country combat its crippling drought. The cheque was presented
yesterday to the Minister of Presidential Affairs, Mr Ponatshego Kedikilwe, by
the British High Commissioner, Mr Peter Raftery, Britain provided the money
in response to an appeal by President Quett Masire who declared the country
drought-stricken in April and appealed to the international community for
assistance, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 86 p 11]

19274

SODA ASH PROJECT--The lodging of an application to extend exploration rights

in Botswana has fuelled speculation that British Petroleum (BP) is to go ahead
with its proposed R200m soda ash project. A BP spokesman said in Cape Town
yesterday that the application had been lodged for an extension of the exist-
ing prospecting licence over 2,000 km? of the resource area in the Makgadikgadi
salt pans. "Since the completion of our feasibility study report in 1985,

Soda Ash Botswana in association with AECI Chlor~Alkali and Plastics, has
carried out further evaluation of the project. "This work included ‘the in-
vestigation of sources of finance and discussions with the Botswana Department
of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs and the SA Board of Trade and Industries.
"Further evaluation is considered necessary and the group is now reviewing and
updating the 1985 report." No date for the final decision to go ahead has been
taken. The Botswana Department of Mineral Resources and BP have denied in the
past that the project could be shelved. Soda ash is classified as a strategic
material and all supplies are imported--about 250,000 tons a year--for use in
the aluminium, glass and paper industries. Botswana has huge reserves of brine
used to produce soda ash and it is estimated the country could supply SA's
needs for a century. Industry observers say any delay by BP may force govern-
ment to allow a consortium of AECI, the Industrial Development Association and
Anglovaal to go ahead and develop a synthetic soda ash plant at Saldanha Bay.
They say SA can support only one of the proposed plants. [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Jul 86 pp 1, 2] /9274

CSO; 3400/351

14



Katjiuongua, Shipanga Statements

Windhock THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 4 Jul 86 p 5

[Text]

19317
cso: 3400/155

OPPONENTS of the ‘Trans

ional Government were

hiding under the skirts of the churches which were be-

ing used as a vehicle to promote poli

ical disruption,

Swanu leader and Health Minister Moses Katjiuon-

gua said last night.

He said there were those who
accused Swanu and Swapo-D
of failing to recognise the
preconditions for revolution in.
Namibia. ‘

“But we know that the
Namibian masses do not dis-
play any propensity for revolu-
tion at this time)’ Mr Katjiuon-
gua said addressing a public
meeting from the same plat-
form as Swapo-D,

“The prostitution of estab-
lished’ churches and their fes-
tivals for pseudo-
revolutionary purposes cannot
fail to raise a cynical smile?”

Mr Katjiuongua said those
parties which had decided not
to join the government should
ask themselves what.they had
managed to achieve for the
country in the fields of health,
housing and welfare and in ad-
vancing the cause of indepen-
dence.

He asked whether they were

united in their aspirations or
merely in their hatred of the
Transitional Government.
_ Mr Katjiuongua issued an
invitation to government op-
ponents saying they should
stop their futile posturing “and
join us in doing something
constructive and positive: for:
this country”

43

Swapo-D _ leader: and
Minister of Economic Affairs
Andreas Shipanga said there
were those including a local
newspaper who seemed to
want the violence taking place
in South Africa to spread to
Namibia.

“If anybody seriously thinks
and writes and demands that
the people of this country
should imitate the greatcst
tragedy that has happened to
South Africa then they have ex-
tremely sick minds?”

Mr Shipanga said those who
were leading the opposition
and calling for people'to give
their children alternative edu-
cation were the same leaders
who sent their children to ex-
pensive private schools.

The same people who were
in the forefront of calling for
strikes were employed by or-
ganisations such as the CCN
which received their money
from outside the country and
knew they would never lose
their jobs.

While children went hungry
in Namibia, certain organis

tions had spent R300 000 on

the legal defence of ‘two self-
confessed murderers’ who ad-
mitted “killing a’ SWABC
teporter last: year.



DTA ANNOUNCES DECISION FOR INDEPENDENT ACTION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 25 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

Executive Meeting Decision

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

THE DEMOCRATIC Turnhalle Alliance
has announced a new initiative which
could have significant implications for the

Transitional Government.

In a move which hints at
growing impatience with the
status quo, the DIA has reject-
ed the still “top secret” con-
stitutional proposals drawn up
by a committee of experts,
given notice it is going to oper-
ate outside the framework of
the Transitional Government’s
consultancy service and said it
is not interested in continuing
indefinitely in an unelected
government.

A statement yesterday by
DTA secretary Johan de Waal
said the alliance had given a
mandate to its leaders to make
contact with the Western Con-
tact Group, South Africa and
the United Nations Secretary
General to negotiate over in-
dependence.

The announcement follows
a DIA executive reeling in
Windhoek on Wednesday and
comes on the eve of what is

seen as a crucial meeting of the
Committee of National Unity
on Monday.

“There is no replacement for
independence, freedom and
peace’ the. DTA statement
says.

“(Our) main aim is make
Namibia independent as soon
as possible, with the greatest
measure. Of — international
recognition”

The alliance’s leaders have
also been given the thumbs up
to go ahead with: talks with
other political: parties,
churches and ii t
"The DTA st
tanice’it places 6
and says it is hot interested in ,
continuing -indefinitely in an
unelected government.

47

NAMIBIA



REPORTAGE ON COSATU, METAL UNION ACTIVITIES

COSATU Membership Increases

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 17-30 Jul 86 p 16

{Text ]

DESPITE the heav

crackdown on the trade
union movement, the
Congress of SA ‘Trade
Unions (Cosatu) has
increased its member-
ship by more than 200
000 in just six months.

Launched soon after
the lifting of the state of
emergency last year, ;
Cosatu has been the
subject of tough action ,
by the bosses, the Gov-
ernment and homeland
administrations.

In many parts of
South Africa, Cosatu !
unionists have been jail-
ed or driven out of
circulation for fear of '
detention under the em-
ergency. But labour org-
anisation continues.

Jay Naidoo, Cosatu
gencral secretary, who
works under constant *
threat of detention, said
shop stewards had succ-
essfully taken charge of -
factory floor structures
in the absence of de-

tained union leaders. °

Said Naidoo: "We
have acquired close to
250 000 paid-up mem-
bers -- boosting our total
membership to 700 000
-- in just seven months
since our launch."

The most significant
contribution to the fed-
eration's expansion has
been from its biggest
affiliate, the National
Union of Mineworkers
(NUM).

According to the
NUM, it has increased
its paid-up membership
by about 130 000 in six
months,

At the same time, the
Metal and Allied Work-

ers Union (Mawu) has ‘

increased its mem-
bership by more than 30
percent.

Mawu national organ-
iser Bernie Fanaroff says
membership gains could
have been higher had it
not been for retrench-

ments. °

"Since the _Cosatu
launch, our Eastern
Cape membership has
increased significantly.
Some of the biggest
gains were made during
our national wage cam-
paign,” Fanaroff says.

“We expect our paid-
up membership to pass
the 50 000 mark just as
soon as we secure stop-
order facilities at Iscor,
where we have 4 000
members.

"The state of .em-
crgency has not been
able to stop union work,
except in the Brits area
where key officials have
been detained.”

been recorded in:

*The Commercial
Catering and Allied
Workers Union
(Ccawusa) -- from an

* estimated 50 000 to 75
000 members.
*Cosatu's food and

Mine, Metal Workers Join Forces

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 17~-30'Jul 86 p 16

[Text]

IN a significant move towards

greater unity,

hundreds ‘of

thousands of workers in the

76

Major gains have also '

SOUTH AFRICA’

chemical affiliates,
which have each added
10 000 to their numbers.

*The SA Allied
Workers Union, whi
,also increased its paid-
up membership by 10

*Cosatu's textile,
transport and general,
,and paper and wood
‘unions, which together
‘account for about 18 000
«ew members.

The Inkatha-backed
“Uwusa has failed to
lamass the huge mem-
bership it claimed it was
ready to sign up after its
*Jaunch.

Two factories where it
,claimed to have a
majority have reaffirmed
;their recognition of
*Cosatu affiliates. Fawu
iwon an absolute maj-
ority at Jabula Foods in
, Springs, with only
supervisors and per-
sonnel officers voting
for Uwusa.



It is reported that the specifications for the water system project, whose
cost is estimated at $9 million, will be finished by 1 June and international
bidding will be opened in July, with initiation of services scheduled for
November of this year.

Completion of specifications for the power supply and distribution system is
planned for June of this year and international bidding will be opened in
July. Initiation of services is scheduled for October or November.

Construction of the water supply system is expected to last 8 months and the
power supply system 16 months.

8844
CSO: 3442/268



NAMIBIA

NANSO LEADER CALLS FOR RESISTANCE, MOBILIZATION
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 8 Jul 86 p 3
{Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

UDENTS had been too passive over the last de-
cade, the newly-elected president of the Namibia Na-
tional Students’ Organisation (Nanso) Paul Kalenga

“We don’t want to carry on
with a language that forms a
circle around us (Afrikaans),’

For too long student inac-
tivity had made them part of
their own oppression.

‘They had sat back and wait-
ed for independence to come to
them, he said.

“Gone are those days. Weare
entering a new phase in the stu-
dent struggle — an era of
resistance, of mobilisation and
of protest and challenge?”

Around 450 people attended
Sunday’s lively rally, Nanso’s
first public gathering since its
formation two years ago.

As the meeting got under-
way a police contingent
checked the students’ assur-
ance that they had notified the
magistrate of the meeting.

Mr Kalenga also rejected the
August 29 public holiday for

at a rally in Katutura on Sunday.
edijcational institutions an-

nounced recently by Educa-
tion Minister Andrew Matjila
to mark the TG’s first an-
niversary.

“To celebrate August 29 is to

say ‘yes’ to a colonial and eth-
nic system of education”
“ He called on the authorities
to stop “harassing, intimidat-
ing and detaining our stu-
dents’”

He said nothing would stand
in the way of student struggle
for a decent and democratic
educational system.

The education system was
still being used to sow the seeds
of racism, he said.

Other key themes taken up
by speakers were education
and the prefect system.

said Swapo Education Secre-
tary Joshua Hoebeb, who ad-
dressed the ‘meeting “as a
representative of Swapo on the
/Ai-//Gams action com-
mittee?”

“We want English as a medi.

um of instruction — that is the
thing that is going to open the
doors for future generations,’
he emphasized.

Mr Hoebeb said UN Res 435
had implications for all
Namibians.

What it meant was an op-
portunity to elect an own
government, an end to the war
and violence in Namibia and
that “we want our brothers and
sisters to come back’

He said he simply could not
understand why some people
didn’t believe these were fair
demands.

/9317
cso: 3400/155

51



Conditions in Kavango Region Reported
(Christine Von Garnier; THE NAMIBIAN, 4 Jul 86)..........

Paper Criticizes Importing of Venda Troops
(Editorial; THE NAMIBIAN, 4 Jul 86).....ecccccccccccccene

Fishing Companies Report Satisfactory Year

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 Jul 86)....scsscescessecceee”

Briefs
Development of Bushmanland
First Autonomous University

NIGERIA
"Sudden Flush’ of New Publications Reviewed :
(May Ellen Ezekiel; NEWSWATCH, 21 Jul 86).........eseeeee

SWAZILAND

Possible Effects of Sanctions Analyzed
(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 23 Jun 86).....

Political Power Reportedly Back With Monarchy

(Gerald L'Ange; TH STAR, 27 Jun 86)........... eee ce neces
New Currency Planned To Start at Par

(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 24 Jun 86)......ccceeeeeceee eee
Briefs

Land Shortage Due to Refugees
Currency Change Generating Confusion

ZAMBIA

Mining Equipment Domestically Manufactured
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 27 Jun’ 86).....seesccececerevoee

ZIMBABWE

Companies Explore Feasibility of Carbon From Coconut Shells
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 18 Jul 86)..

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

Government Denies Refugee Camps Recruiting for MNR
(John D'Oliveira; THE STAR, 7 Aug 86).......... rerrrrr ry

-d-

53

56

58

59

60

62

64

66

67
67

68

69

70



MINING EQUIPMENT DONESTICALLY MANUFACTURED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 27 Jun 86 p 10

[Text ]

19274
cso:

A ZAMBIAN subsidiary of a mul-

tin ally-accepted mine
Ta machine.

Boart Zambia Limited, after five
years of development work, has as-
sembled the Zambia 25 hand-held
hammer, made entirely with lo-
cal materials. .

The company's marketing
manager, Martin Bennett, said a
number of the 725s are on trial at
ous Zambia Consolidated Cop-
Pr Mines (Z.CCM) divisions,
where they have been competing

with various types of imported ~

machinery with favourable cesults.
Already Nkana Division in Kitwe

3400/351

has bought three of the machines
and the company predicts that be-
fore the end of the year, the com~
pany would be able to supply other
ZCCM divisions.

The company, Mr Bennett sai
has the capacity to make 100 dril
ing machines, saving about
R100 000 which imported models

would cost. oh

Mr Bennett said plans were also
underway to export the equipment
to Zaire, Tanzania, Botswana and
Angola,

Zaire already deals with Bort,
That country has placed orders *
worth US$600 000 for various

68

equipment like drilling bits and
adaptors.

Previously the company was en-

gaged in recycling of used drillstecls
for the mining. industry before
switching to manufacturing of the
different components that make up
the 225 jack hammer as spares for
the mining industry.

Boart was recently crowned win-
ner of the Export Achicvement
Trophy for 1985 by the Ndola
‘Chamber of Commerce. The com-
pany also won a trophy for the best
mechanical exhibit at the recent
Zambia Association of Manufac-
turers show in Kitwe.

ZAMBIA



"This is a vital and valuable instrument that must be restructured as soon as
possible to serve the national interests.

"In recent years, NOTICIAS, Radio Mozambique and the National Book-and Record
Institute, among other agencies and institutions, have not had leadership.

"We are still not in a position to have our information service give a true
image of the People's Republic of Mozambique, either within or out of the
country." .

On the work of the Ministry of the Interior, President Samora Machel pointed
out:

"The Interior Ministry is a sensitive sector, which affects the life of every
citizen."

This ministry, and especially the police. force, must be involved in all
sectors, it must help fight smuggling, marginality and crime in defense of
honest citizens.

As for the work of the provincial governors, the chief of state said:

"The governor defends the sovereignty and territorial integrity of adminis—
trative posts, villages, districts, and the provincial capital, where problems
are real and concrete and demand immediate solutions.

"All the life of the nation goes on in the provinces.

"The governor must be impartial and objectively analyze facts and act
promptly. He cannot belong to groups or have friends and enemies. He is
the maximum exponent.

"The governor must serve as a model in the way he does his job, in harmony
with the people.

"The governor must love the people. And loving the people means sharing their
happiness and pain. During difficult, critical times, he must be the leader,
in the vanguard.

"The governor does not have a defined sector of action. He must attend to the
economy, the defense and the social sectors. He has to be watchful and serve
the People's Republic of Mozambique."

9805/8918
CSO: 3442/254

23



NEW CURRENCY PLANNED TO START AT PAR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jun 86 p 18

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

(Text ]

19274
cso;

MBABANE — No major
effects are foreseen im-
mediately after the tm-
plementation of Swazi-
land’s new currency ar-
rangement with South
Africa on July 1, accord-
ing -to the deputy gover-
nor of the Central Bank
of Swaziland, Mr Martin

3400/345

Dhlamini.

. “Initially we are going
to Have a parity relation-
ship (between the lilan-
geni and the rand),” he
said in an interview here.

“Depending on the ex-
change rate of the rand
we may move away from
this relationship. But we
do not anticipate any
abrupt change.”

From July 1 the rand
will no longer be legal
tender in Swaziland, al-
though hotels and restau-
rants will be encouraged
to continue to accept
rands as a convenience to
tourists.

Mr Dlamini said “His-
torically we were going
to move away (from the
rand). We were pushed by.
the developments in
South Africa last year
when the stock market
closed in reaction to the
drop in the rand. It had
cost us a great deal in the
form of debt repay-
ments.”

Under the new ar-
rangement Swaziland,
will have much greater
flexibility in the manage-
ment of its foreign ex-
change resources.

66

“Before the change we
were required to back
our currency 100 percent
by holding rand deposits
with the South African
Reserve Bank. We will

now have flexibility in in-

vesting our balances
get the optimum return.
Swaziland had ré-
ceived little benefit from
Ymprovements in the
South African economy
but was adversely affect-
ed when it slowed down,

Mr Dlamini said some
businessmen had been
“jittery” about the
change, fearing they
would have difficulty
paying their suppliers.
But the only change he
could see ahead would be
a revaluation of the lilan-
geni, which could benefit
‘Swazi businesses. he
* aHe said the new. agree:
ament pfovided for free
movement of funds and it
should be’ possible to
maintain interest rates
“not. wildly different
from those in SA”.

Swaziland might value
ithe lilangeni against a
basket of currencies in
which the rand would
predominate, he said.

SWAZILAND


NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

DEVELOPMENT OF BUSHMANLAND--Hopes for co-operation between the government
and the private sector over the future of Bushmanland have been raised after
a-recent summit between top officials and the Ju/wa Bushman Development
Foundation. “Both the Minister of Nature Conservation, Mr Andreas Shipanga,
and members of the ‘foundation said they hoped the basis had been laid for
the coordination of development efforts in the region. Under the initiative
of one of its founders, Mr John Marshall, the foundation promotes subsistence
cattle farming among the people of eastern Bushmanland. The Ju/wa Bushmen
face a wide range of social problems caused by the decline of hunting and
gathering as their traditional means of subsistence. The foundation and the
government, which has,its own development. plans for the region, have clashed
in the past over what should be done for the Ju/wa people. [Excerpt] -
[Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 86 p.3] ©/9317

FIRST AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY--Last year would be remembered as a year of
historical highlights for the Academy. This is said by Academy Council
chairman Louis Muller in the Academy's annual report for 1985. "Not only
was it the Academy's fifth anniversary, but the number of full-time students
also exceeded 2 000 for the first time and the new Academy Act came into
effect, heralding the birth of our country's first autonomous university,
technikon and college for out-of-school training," he said. The academic
staff increased from 296 in 1984 to 354 in 1985, while 2 675 students were
enrolled at the Academy and 917 at accredited campuses. Of the 2 675
students, 402 were university, 203 technikon, 407 enrolled for technical
courses, 561 for extra-curricular courses and 1 102 in the section for
school subjects and other training. The Academy also appointed acting
deans and a faculty of nursing and medical -sciences was established.
[Excerpts] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 29 Jul 86 p 5]
19317 ' .

cso: 3400/155

59



CHIEF JUSTICE URGES PROCEDURAL CHANGES

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 12 Jul 86 p 8

[Article by Francis Kokutse]

[Text]

NAUE Chief Justice: Mc Justice
N, PSowah, yesterday
underlined the need to up-date
eld Tows that regulate court
procedures and practices,

He was opening the first in a
series of seminars for magistra,
tes in Accra,

The seminars, being organi-
zed for the entre Judicial Ser-
vice personnel including judges,
ave alined at examining the
rules, practices and operations
with a view to improving the
administration of justice in the
country,

Mr Sowali noted that some of

/12828
CSO: 3400/367

{he regulations which were
about 35 years old, “may be
totally irrelevant, cumbersome
or ineffective todaf, We cannot
indefinitely continue to be ruled
from the past,”

He told {he magistrates to
re-examine the regulatjons to do
away with thos» that “retard
progress and reselt, jn ineM_
ciency”,

The Chief Justice, however,
cautioned that change should
not be desired for the sake of
change but rather that change
“will resule in conspicuous im-
provement of our courf, work’,

He therefore urged them to
critically consider all the chan-

16

GHANA

ges thal wee required and
make their views clear on issues
that they believed were ob.
sirneting rather than promoti
the improvement of cout one~
rations

Mr S: A Brobbey chabman
of the Board of Public Tribu-
nals, who led the discussions.
said a major change to be con.
sidered was the chanpe over
from the use of record books tw
the civil jacker and bench
papers

He said the record book sys-
tem would be phased out by
August 1 and that all those in-
volved should co.operate to
make the new systent work,



Guarraguara. They have already begin making the. seedbeds for the 1985-86
campaign which, at the outset, has not appeared very promising, because of
the lack of rain; a situation that could interfere with the attainment of
higher production indexes, particularly for the ricé. crops. .

According to reports from Buzi district, one gigantic project which could
hasten matters and confer upon the district the status of the province's
granary, representing an open attack on famine, is the project. to make use
of Cherimonio valley, with which Korean technicians are ‘associated, currently
studying a group of data and technical details and making agreements with

* our government authorities.

Concurrently, throughout the entire province activities are. in.progress,

aimed at creating associations of producers, farmers, arid raisers of small-
sized animals; in an effort also intended to minimize the difficulties inherent
in the lack of meat with which the market is struggling.

These combined efforts are part of a more extensive action directed toward
minimizing the shortage of food and the effects of the drought, as well as
the difficulties with food imports. The projects as a whole should produce
palpable results between the end of this 5-year period and the beginning of
the next decade.

Some activities.will be carried out concurrently with others planned for the
neighboring province of Inhambane, which has beer the major backer for
supplying dried fish to the border districts of Sofala, starting with its
northern districts, namely, Vilanculo and Govuro.

2909
CSO: | 3442/273

33



CONDITIONS IN KAVANGO REGION REPORTED

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 4 Jul 86 p 8

-[Article by Christine Von Garnier]

[Text]

The Tribal Authority is the
political body of the Kavango peo-
ple, comprised of legislative and ex-
ecutive institutions holding
widespread power in the educa-
tional, agricultural, social and
cultural fields.

The Cabinet Ministers meet once
a week in the presence of a South

African adviser, The ministers and.

senior employees of the Ad-
ministration are said to be overpaid
in comparison to the standard of
living in the Kavango.

Political life has been much
reduced by the activities of Koevoet
(cotnter-insurgency unit), which
breaks up any political opposition
(Swapo and NCDP).

Their activities form.part- of the
psychological war devised by the
military to ‘win the minds and
hearts of the people. Only the of-
ficial DTA party is tolerated. A new
political figure seems to be emerg-
ing in the person of Rudolf Ngon-
do, a millionaire with three
Mercedes Benz limousines, owning
bottle stores. He is also the Minister
of Finance.

He is said to be playing a similar
role to Mr’ Peter Kalangula’s in
Owambo.

The youth, intellectuals and cer-
tain Church leaders in Rundu are
said to support him. Everything
however, is a mystery in the
Kavango.

No one ever really knows who is
for whom, or for what. The Police
and Government are said to have
deeply infiltrated the opposition —
even some churches. ‘Money
governs the Kavango’, says an in-
formed source.

Education and empty schools

* According to missionaries during:
the last decade, the general trend of.
education — a strategy devised by’
the Department of Education —:
has been to take the pupils away
from mission schools and their
families.

There are no Government
schools built along the Kavango
River in the vicinity of mission
schools, the latter slowly becoming
empty of pupils.

Mission school hostels are utilis-
ed until the Government school
hostels are built.

In the areas of Nyangana and
Andara (east of Rundu), 14 bush
schools had to close over the last
few years, Only two have remained _
operative because there is also a
clinic and water — both considered
as ‘development aspects’.

A Catholic priest at Nyangana,
who was asked by officials to take
over the remaining classes of Sub
A, B and Standard I of a bush
school refused to do so, asking
Department officials to explain the
closure of schools.

53

NAMIBIA

he was told that ‘it is too
dangerous for teachers to fetch their
salaries at Rundu’. When he sug-
gested that the military could serve
to bring the Salaries, he-was told
this was impossible. .

Subsequent investigation by the
priest brought to light that the
parents of these pupils had not even
been consulted about the closure of
the school. The usual excuse of
‘security reasons’ for a bush school

, Closure and it’s subsequent transfer
is not credible, It is merely a ques-
tion of control. “

The ‘efficiency’ of this educa-
tional strategy is illustrated by the
matriculation results of December
1985 at the Rundu High School.

Out of 43 students, two passed
matric — without university exemp-
tion. All the others failed.
| There are various factors respon-
isible for this situation — the low
qualifications of the teachers (most
of whom have not even passed
matric themselves); the transfer of
. pupils away from families, and the
Presence of Koevoet. .

Frequent reports by Hans Rohr
in Namibian newspapers confirm
that over the past five years teacliers
have been harassed by Koevoet, ar-
rested, imprisoned for unlimited
periods and even tortured.

Consequently pupils remained
without teachers for weeks.



‘sals", mentioning some of
the very questions which
the Commission wants an-
swered-

A further important coasi-
deration is that im view et
its size and complexity, and
its linkages with other seo~
tors the Iron and Steek Pro-
ject cannot be viewed ag one
falling within the minerals
sector alone, It nas very
significant ©‘Jinkages with
such sectors ag energy (na-
tural gas development and
utilization), "transportation
(roads and railways), and
housing, and will affect the
entire industrial policy of
the country well into the
1990s.

tt is, therefore, vital ‘tor
the Government after re:
ceiving an updated KIS re
port answering the questions
posed above, to convene
serlous ‘inter-sectoral dis.
cussions of the project in
all its ramifications to ensure
that it fits into a coherent
national policy framework.

It is against this back.
ground of unfinished work
that the Minerals Commis~
sion made its recommenda—
tion to the Government not
to rush into discussions with
outside parties about imple-"
menting the Project, It should
be understood that in so re-
commending, the Commission
is not attempting to ston the
Project or obstruce its fur-
ther discussion-

The sole consideration is
that it would be premature
for the Government to go
into serious discussions with
third parties, be they inves-
tors, financiers, donor agen—
cies or contractors, without’
the information and consul~
tations which should form
the basis of an informed and
INDEPENDENT nationa
position on the critical
questions — a position that
would conform ta the Gov-
ernment's broad policy for
the development of the mine-
ralg and energy sectors in
particular and its indus-
trial plan in general, This
is particularly important if
as is most likely, the Project
will involve Ghana in quite
substantial borrowings of
external funds,

/12828

cso:

3400/367

Unfortunately, 25 has becn
indicated interested persons
and companies are making
strenous efforts to stampede
Government into imolemen.
tation of the project before
these necessary steps could
be taken. These persons and
companies, it should be
noted, stand to gain sub-
stantially from the INITIA-
‘TION of the Project, whether
it is successfully completed
or not, whether when com-
pleted .it benefits the
national. economy or not.

\t is gratifying to note”
that notwithstanding these

the Government
hag so fer taken a firm and
clear stand on the need to
prepare q solid basis for
future discussions of this
important matter.

It is the firm belief of the
Minerals Commission that
every step must be taken by
all Ghaneians, especially
those responsible for the
media of information, to
inform themselves adequate-
ly ,about this importent pro-
ject, and to help prevent the
kind of rushed decisions
which have so often in the
past landed the country with
unviable but expensive pro-

jeote-

The Minerals Commission
would be happy to receive
amy views oy . information
m this importent national
‘ssue and to provide anv
urther information neede~
to facilitare this,

19



colonial era. In response to their demands the colonies achieved independence
and held elections with constitutions that, almost without exception, imitated
Western models. And almost without exception the constitution and the prin-
ciple of one-man-one-vote were speedily replaced by autocratic rule by ethnic
and economic elites.

In the recorded history of Africa there has never been such a chaotic period--
so much bloodshed, civil chaos, and economic misery--as in the past 25 years.
Constitutions, supposedly representative of the most democratic man has yet
devised, led to the virtual death of the democratic ideal on the continent.

The time is overdue for the West to think again about the lessons contained
in the winds of change to which Sir Geoffrey referred. The structures of
democratic government that work in the West do not work in African countries
with their very different economic, cultural and demographic conditions.
Democracy will take ‘root in Africa only if constitutional structures can be
devised that are appropriate to those conditions. That is the goal that must
give direction to the process of change in South Africa.

/12766
cso: 3400/322

86



79317

“J still don’t know why they
arrested us’”

She said her personal ex-
perience arid impressions
would influence her action for
Namibia and “tny power to put
pressure on our government”.

The Greens member added
she had beenshocked by condi-
tions at the compound.

The Greens members were
given a rough ride at last
night’s public meeting, as they
were peppered with questions
by opponents in the
predominantly German au-
dience.

A-group of about 30 Swapo
Youth League memibers also
attended.

Dr Vesper said the West Ger-
‘man ‘government no ftonger
saw UN Res 435 as the only so-
lution.

“It appears as if they are try-
g to move away from the UN
jan.

They now mercly say they
are committed to it?

Ms Borgmann underlined
that 435 ‘had to form ‘the basis
for a solution and accused
South Africa, “supported by
the United States”, of stalling
independence.

Pp

cso: 3400/155

40

“The simplest way to get the
Cubans out of Angola would
be (for SA and the USA) to
stop aid to Unita’

Ms Borgmann also
described the Transitional
Government as’an obstacle to
independence and said it was
hindering Namibians ftorh
their right to democratic politi-
cal expression. .

. The gathering, described by
one person as having brought
together ‘the extremes of the
ideological spectrum in
Namibia, frequently had to be
brought to order as a group of
German hecklers hurled abuse
from the back of the hall.

At the end of the meeting,
the Swapo group expressed ap-
preciation for the Greens visit
by singing “We salute you” and
“You are welcome in
Namibia”, as well as some free-
domi songs.

At one point, half-a-dozen
Germans tried to out-sing
them with the ‘Suidwester
Lied’.

Today the Greens members
leave for.a four-day visit to
South Africa, which will in-
clude talks with Winnie
Manddla, Bishop Desmond
‘Tutu, church leaders and trade

Mionists



The EPG delegates had made encouraging progress towards getting both the gov-
ernment and the ANC to the negotiating table, but this had been "inexplicably"
torpedoed at the last minute.

"It is a reason I cannot understand, but suspect it had to do with the raids
on the frontline neighboring states. These raids were of little significance
to the security of the country and it seems were motivated by political desire.
I do not believe we will have such a golden opportunity again."

/12766
CSO: 3400/322

81



FISHING COMPANIES REPORT SATISFACTORY YEAR

NAMIBIA

Windhock THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

19317

UNITED Fishing Enterprises have reported tax payments
of just over R5-million to the Namibian treasury for the

past year.

At its annual general meet-
ing , UFE’s three companies
reported that the group as a

.whole enjoyed a satisfactory

year.

The UFE companies, South
West Africa Fishing Industries
Limited (SWAFISH), Willem
Barendz Limited, Sarusas
Ontwikkelingskorporasie
(Edms) Beperk and Sea
Products SWA Limited are all
Namibian registered com=
panies.

SWAFIL, Willem Barendz
and Sarusas recently held their
annual general meetings in
Windhoek. Seaswas will hold
its AGM towards the end of the
year.

At the meetings, UFE chair--
man Mr Robert Silverman,
said UFE companies in general
had had a satisfactory year,

Referring to pelagic fishing,
Mr Silverman said that the ini-
tial pilchard catches this year
confirmed the success of the
rational conservation meas-

cso: 3400/155

ures adopted by the Namibian.
Department of Sea Fisheries
over the past years:  “Pil-
chards in good condition and
eminently suitable for canning

shave been caught over wide
stretches of the coast from~”

Walvis Bay northwards. As in
previous seasons the industry
fouud no difficulty in catching
its 1985 pilchard canning quo-
ta and good yields were ex-
perienced in all canneries.
“Maasbanker landings to

date, although well: up com--

pared to this time last year, are
not really significant in rela-
tion to the substantial quanti-
ties landed in years such as
1983, No catches of anchovies
have as yet been reported but
this is not unusual since this
species is traditionally caught

in the second half of the sea-,

son}’ he said.
Referring to lobster catches,

Mr Silverman said during the |

main season now ending
catches were slightly down on

58

last year’s results. The empha-
sis again had been on the
production of whole cooked
lobster: for the Japanese
market.‘ OU,
: wee

Companies forming part of
the UFE rationalisation have
spent RI million on refrigera-

_ tion facilities at Litderitz and

R800 000 on a new housing
programme for staff and
fishermen.

The R800 000 expansion of
the Walvis Bay saltworks was
well under way and should be
completed in 1986. The present
yield of close to 400 000 tons
per annum should then be in-
creased by 80 000 tons.

- Mr Silverman reitterated
that theestimated 1985 taxes of
the companies forming part of

UFE, :payable to Windhoek

will exceed R5 million this year
and that all these companies

*+ were Namibian -registered in
-Windhoek. Seaswa, Swafish

and Willem Barendz were also
quoted on the Johannesburg.
stock exchange.


SOUTH AFRICA

DET CONCERNED ABOUT CAMPAIGN TO DISRUPT SCHOOLS
MB221750 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1711 GMT 22 Jul 86

[Text] Pretoria, July 22, SAPA--The Department of Education and Training was
aware of "a concerted campaign to disrupt normal schooling," a department
spokesman said in Pretoria today.

Mr Peter Mundell said at the Bureau for Informations daily press conference
that the campaign’ was being waged by means of vague rumors and the propagation
of ideological untruths.

He said the new ID system at schools was being linked to the "old dompas sys-
tem," and that sloganeers referred to "gutter education and bantu education,"
“concepts that have been rejected by the department years ago."

It was currently the department's policy not to supply analyses regarding
school attendance in order to allow schools "to enjoy cooling-off period," and
to come to terms with the new safety arrangements, Mr Mundell said.

The present unrest confirmed the need for the security measures, he added.

He said thousands of black pupils realized that "the penny is about to drop."

"Many of them realize that they have wasted an unacceptable amount of time and
the price they have to pay is a rather expensive one."

Mr Mundell said the department understood that this realization was traumatic
for pupils.

The department has said in previous statements that more than 80 percent of
South Africas 1.7 million black pupils were currently attending the country's
7,000 black schools.

/12766
CSO: 3400/322

82


SWEDISH SHIPOWNER: REPORTEDLY SMUGGLES ARMS TO MNR

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Jul 86 p 7

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/351

STOCKHOLM
POLICE in Sweden are
questioning an unnamed
ship’s captain and a 40-
year-ol Swedish
shipowner about claims
that they smuggled large
quantities. of Nato-
sourced arms and ammu-
nition to MNR rebels in
Mozambique.

‘The men were arrested on
July 3 after tip-offs from
crew members who claimed
they had not received suffi-
cient pay for the risky mis-
sion, which is said to have
involved no fewer than five
mid-ocean changes of a ship's
registration and flag.

‘he Honduras-registered
Connie, said to be registered
to Deep Water Limited Ship-
ping of Gibraltar, but with a

wedish owner, is alleged to
have taken 20 fully laden con-
tainers of arms and ammuni-
tion from Lisbon to Montevi-
deo, Uruguay, before being
re-routed to an African port
on its mysterious voyage.

27

Orders

For the past week the men
have been under constant po-
lice interrogation.

Detective Inspector Rolf
Nilsson, leading the investi-

ation, said the Connie had
left the Swedish Baltic port
of Kalmar in February 1984
with a six-man Swedish crew.

“One of the crew over-
heard Portuguese customs
officers referring to the wea-
pons contained in the 20 con-
tainers on board as belonging
to Nato allies. Off Montevi-
deo the crew were told that
orders had been received to
divert elsewhere.

“We have reason to sup-
pose the cargo was destined

for MNR guerrillas,” Inspec-
tor Nilsson said,

En route back to Europe
the ship had changed names,
ownership and registration
five times, reassuming her
original name just before.
picking up an “ordinary car-
go” from Liberia for Den-
mark, via the Canary Islands.

MOZAMBIQUE


ANGOLA

SOVIET CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION NOTED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Apr 86 p 3

[Excerpts] . LUBANGO--Gennadi Yagodin, Soviet minister of middle, upper and
specialized education, in Lubango since Thursday, held a meeting yesterday
with local party and government authorities.

At the meeting, Lopo do Nascimento, Huila provincial commissar and member of
the MPLA~Labor Party Central Committee, reported that there are 600 primary
schools, 17 secondary schools and 3 schools of higher education in the entire
province with a total of 150,000 students.

According to Lopo do Nascimento, 4,559 Angolan teachers and some cooperating
teachers staff classrooms at all levels. The Higher Pedagogical Institute
(ISCED) has 18 Angolan professors and 72 foreign professors provided under
cooperative programs.

Speaking of the Soviet Union's contribution to the field of education in
Angola, he stressed that four centers of specialized training have been set up
with USSR assistance.

At the meeting, the Soviet official said that "development is impossible with-
out further expanding education," expressing his country's willingness to
assist the People's Republic of Angola in this area.

On Thursday the Soviet delegation, consisting of ten persons, including Arnold
Kalinin, Soviet ambassador to Angola, and the vice-chairman of the State Com-
mittee for Technical and Professional Education, visited the Lubango middle-
school institutes and the ISCED. The delegation heard a detailed explanation
of the institutes' programs during the visit.

The Soviet delegation will also hold a meeting with Soviet citizens working in
the province.

The entourage will also visit the cities of Humpata and Sera da Leba and the
Tchivinguiro Agrarian Complex.

8844
CSO: 3442/276



Directing a warning at those
who lived off ‘and fattened
their stomachs off AG 8’ both
Mr Katjiuongua and Mr
Negaringombe defied them to
raise the issue of the legitimacy
of the
Government.

“They were re-instated by us
temporarily for another year.
They where not reinstated by
an election. So they must be
careful to claim legitimacy for
themselves;, . .warned : ,Mr
Negaringombe. re

Concerning the issue of
cabinet ‘unity on. AG 8, Mr
Katjiuongua outlined the
process of decision-making at

cabinet level.

All parties in the.TG had
been represented on the Select
Committtee on National Unity
which had dealt with the issue.

Both in the committee and
the National Assembly all par-
ties had signed the agreement
that the’ pro¢lamation had to
be abolished as soon as an al-
ternative had been found.

All parties, including DTA
leader Dirk Mudge, had con-
sistently agreed in the Cabinet
with the intention. ~

He could therefore not see
how any of the parties could
back-pedal. on the com-
mittment.

Further Details

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 4 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

ONLY unity among Namibians and a common pur-

pose could achieve independence, not a repetiti

e in-

sistence on UN Resolution 435, Swanu delegate to the
Constitutional Council Tjeripo Ngaringombe said

last night.

‘Addressing a joint informa-
tion meeting by Swanu and
Swapo-D, he said Namibians
should know that neither they
nor the Transitional Govern-
ment had the.power to imple-
ment Resolution 435.

That was in the hands of
Pretoria, the Western Five and
the UN.

“We must not live ina dream.
world — there is no point in
endlessly repeating the de-
mand for the implementation
of Resolution 435.”

“We must first unite and
once united nobody can stop
us?”

Swapo-D leader —_ and
Minister of Economic Affairs
Andreas Shipanga said his
party believed there were three
flaws in the resolution.

The most blatant was that
the United Nations, which was
charged with ensuring that free
and fair elections occurred in
Namibia, had declared Swapo
sole and authentic representa-
tive of the people of Namibia.

How could that organisa-
tion support the concept of
free and fair elections if they
had already effectively nomi-
nated the winner, Mr Shipanga
asked.

Did this recognition of Swa-
pomean that the UN would ar-
rive and install Swapo in pow-
er, or did elections mean that
other parties could take part,
Mr Shipanga said.

42

Another flaw was that the
resolution had been written by
South Africa in conjunction
with the Western Contact
Group without the involve-
ment of all Namibians.

Further, an election without
the prior agreement on a con-
stitution left the winner to
write such a constitution.
There was then no protection
for other parties and such an
approach could be an open in-
vitation to a dictatorship.

“In Zimbabwe under the
Lancaster House Agreement,
the constitution gave certain
safegaurds to the opposition
and guaranteed the survival of
the constition for a number of
years,

Such an approach would be
preferable, Mr Shipanga said.

He said that whereas the call
for independence had at first
been purely a demand of the
black people of the Territory,
the idea was increasingly being
embraced even by conservative
whites.


ANGOLA

ENVOY KALININ ON SOVIET IDEALS, SUPPORT FOR GOVERNMENT

Luanda JORNAL DO ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Mar 86 p 1

[Text] Arnold Kalinin, ambassador of the Soviet Union in Angola, said yesterday
in Luanda that the Soviet Government has expressed its support for the recent
declaration by the Government of the People's Republic of Angola on the situation
in southern Africa, in light of the proposal by the South African regime regarding
the Namibian problem.

The Soviet diplomat, who was addressing, representatives of the diplomatic corps
and Angolan and foreign newsmen at a conference at the Anibal de Maio Press Cen-
ter, added that the declaration had been widely printed in the Soviet press.

Also in relation to the southern African problem, Arnold Kalinin, who was flanked
by Sonia Casimiro, director of the Press Center, declared that the Soviet Union
supports the seatch for a peaceful solution to the conflict in this area, particu-
larly with regard to the Namibian problem.

During the conference, at which the resolutions of the 27th CPSU Congress were
examined, the Soviet ambassador dwelt at some length on the matter. He noted
that "the Congress showed that the CPSU is effectively carrying on the cause of
the great October revolution and is surely following the path of Lenin."

Arnold Kalinin added that the Congress demonstrated that, for the CPSU, "there
is no more noble objective than the preservation of peace on earth, the preven-
tion of a nuclear catastrophe."

According to the envoy, the ideal of the Soviet Union and its party is peace, with-
out arms and without violence, since, according to the report by Soviet Premier
Mikhail Gorbachev, "Socialism unconditionally rejects war as a means of resolving
political, economic and ideological differences between states."

Within this framework, he said, the Congress “proposed the creation of a general
system of international security and formulated its bases and principles."
According to Kalinin, these bases would provide for broad measures in military,
political, economic and humanitarian areas and the system would give great atten-
tion to the need for radical measures on behalf of the underdeveloped countries.

Responding to a question by a Cuban journalist regarding the problems of the under~
developed countries, more specifically, with regard to the foreign debt, the
Soviet representative in Angola declared that the USSR considers it "impossible"
to guarantee a solution to the foreign debt problem without a reorganization of

the system of relations between the states.

6362

CSO% 3442/277 2



POSSIBLE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS DISCUSSED

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by Joe Putz]

[Text]

SANCTIONS against South Africa would
also hit Namibia and inevitably make the
‘Territory even more dependent on its
southern neighbour than at present.

This is the opinion of
Finance Secretary, Dr Johan
Jones. .

He said most direct imports
into Namibia would stop en-
tirely after sanctions and the
country would become more
or less completely reliant on
SA.

“There is very little we can
do in Namibia to replace im-
ports of machinery and other
technical equipment;’ | Dr
Jones said.

“In fact the most painful ef-
fect of sanctions would proba-
bly come from signficant in-
creases in machinery costs for
mining, industry, construction
and transport. .

“But in the arca of low value,
high volume products like
bricks, timber, door and win-
dow frames and other bulk
products we could manufac-
ture competitively.”

19317
cso: 3400/155

in the field of agriculture,
beef would not be affected as it
was all sold in the RSA.

But karakul would be highly
visible and identifiable and
therefore very vulnerable.

Equally threatened could be
exports like the Lideritz crayf-
ish if Japan decided to join a
boycott.

On the most important ex-
port products like diamonds,
copper, uranium and rare
minerals, the issue of identifia-
bility of the minerals was most
important.

Experts say Namibian dia-

monds can only be distin-,

guished from Russian or South

African gem stones if they are,

kept seperate from each other.
In a mixed parcel only experts
could recognize some. of the
stones.

36

Uranium and-copper on the
other hand are indistinguisha-
bie as to source and“ could”
presumably reach the outside
world by devious routes.

But uranium can be said to
contain such a high ‘political
or controversial content’ that
the mineral is likely to receive
special attention in the case of
sanctions.

At present Réssing Uranium
has long term contracts with its
customers _ and sanctions

iwould either have to wait for’
the contracts to expire or buy-
iets, many of whom are also
Rossing shareholders, would
have to break their contracts
, said Dr Jones,
! Regarding private sector in-
jitiatives to cope with sanc-
tions, Dr Jones said a measure
of stockpiling would obviously
help. ‘ .

At the same time initiatives
for the manufacture of bulk-

products would be en-
couraged.



CEREDEC ACCUSED OF DESTROYING COCOA FARMS

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 18 Jul 86 p 3

[Article by Peter Abban]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

E Twifu-Hemang Zonal COR
secretariue yesterday peti-
fioned che Governmen; ta stop
the Central Regional, Develop-
ment Corporation (CEREDEC)
frou further destruction of Co,
, Goa farms in the Twifu-Hemang
Discrice, _

W further urged the Govers
inene to send @ fact-finding this.
sion tq the area to ascertain che
truth in the allegation by the:
CEREDEC, that thera were po
cocox trees on the land,

According te the seCretariat,
the cocoa trees were being des-
troyed ta give way for oi} palm
plantations.

The petition, signed by the
Zonal Organizing Assistant, Me
A,B Markin, notgd thar if the

3400/367

destruction was allowed co con.
tinué, it would inflict a serious
injury on the country’s economy,

The secretariat said about 98
per cent of people there were
cocua farmers because the land
and climatic: conditions were
suicable for the production » of
Gocow

Te stated char it was atrea~
sonable to cut down cocoa irces
“wo give way 10 other crops
whose importance is not ¢om
parable to cocoa”,

It ic recalled that last Wed.
nesday, more than 80 tenant
farmers representing Ghana Fe-
deration of — Agricukural Co-
operative (GAFACO.OPs) farm.
ers groups im seven towns and
villages in the , district com
plained to the GAFACO.OPs
about the destruction of thei
voowa farms, and appealed to
ihe, Government, 10 stop’ CERE-

15

GHANA



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

DOS SANTOS GREETS CUBA--On the occasion of the 33d anniversary of the assault
on Moncada Barracks, President Jose Eduardo dos Santos congratulated the people
of the Republic of Cuba. In a message to his Cuban counterpart, Commander
Fidel Castro, President Jose Eduardo dos Santos praised the great successes
achieved by the Cuban people in various fields, and stressed the courage and
valor of those who shed their blood and made sacrifices to achieve real lib-
erty, equality, and justice. In his message, President Jose Eduardo dos Santos
expressed the profound recognition of the Angolan people and the MPLA-Labor
Party for the solidarity and (?internationalist) support given by the Cuban
people, party and government to Angola's struggle for the defense of its sov-
ereignty and construction of a new society without exploitation and (2oppres-
sion) [words indistinct] our objectives, which were real independence and the
liberty of the people. President Jose Eduardo dos Santos also wrote in his
message that he intended to contribute toward increasing friendship and coop-
eration between the two peoples and parties. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service
in Portuguese 0700 GMT 27 Jul 86 MB]/12766

CUBAN OFFICIALS SPEAK AT RALLY--In the framework of the celebrations of the
33d anniversary of the assault on Moncada Barracks, a political and cultural
ceremony was held in Luanda yesterday. The ceremony was attended by Angolan
and Cuban officials, representatives of the diplomatic corps, and guests.
Speaking on the occasion, Roberto Cruz, the Cuban charge d'affaires in Angola,
said that the spirit of Moncada remains alive and that any aggression against
his country would cost imperialism dearly. The path followed by Cuba since
the victory of 1 January 1959 was marked by the example of Moncada, which
explains the successes achieved by the Cuban people in the fields of education,
health and culture, as well as economic and social development. Comrade Roberto
de Almeida, member of the MPLA-Labor Party Political Bureau, spoke immediately
after the Cuban diplomat. He said that the path followed by Angola and Cuba
was one of firm solidarity with the common task of enlarging mankind's fron-
tiers, thus contributing together to the advancement of revolution. Roberto
de Almeida also said that in occupied Namibia, the racist troops are denying
the Namibian people's right to (?freedom) under the pretext of the presence

of Cuban troops in Angola. On this issue, Comrade Roberto de Almeida stressed
that Angola is a sovereign country, both regarding the choice of its friends
and its decisions against its enemies. Comrade Roberto de Almeida concluded
by saying that the armed struggle has joined the Angolan and Cuban peoples, and
that it rests solely on Angola to decide on the presence of Cuban internation-
alist troops on Angolan territory. [Text]° [Luanda Domestic Service in Portu-
guese 0700 GMT 27 Jul 86 MB]/12766

10



Oranjewerkers Choose Doomed Town for All-White Homeland
(Elsabe Wessels; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jul 86)......eeseeceeee

Graph Shows Government Salary Increases Over Last 8 Years
(THE STAR, 4 Aug 86)...scesccececrencreceecccrerccccsecre

Possible AFL-CIO Involvement With UWUSA Explored
(THE NEW NATION, 17-30 Jul 86)......+6.

Reportage on COSATU, Metal Union Activities
(THE NEW NATION, 17-30 Jul 86).........

COSATU Membership Increases
Mine, Metal Workers Join Forces
ILO-COSATU Talks Break Silence

Plight of Brits Residents Facing Removal Described
(THE NEW NATION, 17-30 Jul 86)....ccecccecccccccscccecces

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

PFP MP's Discuss Political Situation
(SAPA, 22 Jul 86)...

DET Concerned About Campaign To Disrupt Schools
(SAPA, 22 Jul. 86)... .cccceccccccccecccccccccncccesecesses

Sasol Workers Participate in Illegal Strike
(SAPA, 22 Jul 86)...ccecececcccccccccccrccceercsscceseses

Report Views Industrial Relations Under Emergency
(SAPA, 24 Jul 86)..secececceccerecsvece a ceecccccccccceces

SABC Responds to’ Howe's ‘Winds of Change"
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 25 Jul 86)....e.eeeceeees

Briefs
Proclamation Clarifies Student Position
COSATU, ICFTU Meet Government Official
Nonwhites in Diplomatic Posts
Group Summarizes Emergency Detentions
RMG Issues Death Report
Import Restrictions on Swedish Goods
Students Stay Away From Schools

71

73

74

80

82

83

84



Most Swazis do not seem to care.
For many it is enough that a king is
back on the throne and the tradi-
tions that have guided their small
nation through the political hazards
of the past few centuries are again
being followed.

Traditionalists point out that the
Swazi system is essentially a con-
sensus one, with the king ruling in
consultation with the queen mother
and the elders and both the king and

the elders keeping in touch with ~

public needs and desires through
local councils. They argue that the
system, if responsibly managed, is
democratic and responsive and has
served Swaziland well for genera-
tions.

The Swazi Parliament is due to
resume next month, but it has little

significance in the exercise of ,
power. Although its members are ©
elected in a system combing tradi-_
tion with the Westminster-style par- ©

liament inherited from the British,
the Parliament has no power to
challenge the country’s rulers,

Rumours of a Cabinet reshuffle
or even a complete Cabinet change
keep circulating, but nothing has
been announced. The Prime Minis-
ter appointed during the power
struggle, Prince Bhekimpi, remains
in office — but not in charge.

Knowledgeable observers suspect
that the monarchists, having re-
gained their grip on the effective
levers of power, do not particularly
care who is in the Cabinet as long as
the Ministers run their departments
efficiently.

Being responsible not to an elec-
torate but to those who control the
country’ through the royal “kraal,
Cabinet Ministers become business
managers rather than politicians

19274
CSO: 3400/345

65

j under the Swazi system.
= Some sort of Cabinet shuffle may
; be considered necessary, howéver,
I to get rid of Ministers associated
., with the ousted political clique.
In Mbabane there is more inter-
est in King Mswati’s personal plans
than in the composition of the Cabi-
{net — in matters such as whether he
is going to return to England ‘to
complete his schooling and whether
he is going to get married. $
There is no official word on either
of these questions. The rumours that
abound in Mbabane in the absence
of official pronouncements have it
that it is not considered fitting for
the king to return to the English
boarding school he left several
months ago as Crown Prince Mak-
hosetive. There is talk: of palace
tutors being employed instead to
complete his education. ,

Important symbol

Swazi tradition places consider-
able importance on the king being
married, for he is the symbol of fer-
tility. and prosperity in the country
and is expected to have many wives
and children. a

For news of the king’s marriage
plans the populace have had to fall
back on the ubiquitous: Swazi ru-
mour. One of these is that he has
been working on the matter, but in
a modernised way.

Whereas his predecessors chose
their wives in a rather haphazard
fashion’ by watching the nubile
maidens dancing in ‘ceremonies
such as the reed dance, these cere-
monies are now videotaped so that
the king can watch them at his lei-
sure, according to the rumours.



GHANA

BRIEFS

POLICY ON INDISCIPLINE INDICATED--The Secretary for Information, Mr Kofi
Totobi Quakyi has warned that the government will not countenance cases of
economic indiscipline. In a wide-ranging interview with the Ghana News
Agency, Mr Totobi Quakyi explained the rationale behind the recent closure
of the Ghana Film Industry Corporation (GFIC) and stressed that the action
was a policy decision, He said the Ministry found itself dealing with a
situation where employees of an organisation have virtually conspired to
dismember the enterprise. "This has gone on for years and today, the GFIC
is crippled. As a government, we cannot preside over such cases of
economic indiscipline", he pointed out. [Text][Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC in English 21 Jul 86 p 11]/12828

GOODS SMUGGLED FROM IVORY COAST--Twenty-two traders and a driver of a seven-
tonner truck, Mr Kwesi Nunoo, were arrested at Half Assini on Tuesday,

when police intercepted the vehicle allegedly loaded with smuggled goods.

The goods worth several thousands of cedis and believed to have heen smuggled
in from La Cote d'lvoire, including 700 pieces of foreign wax prints, beach
sandals, (popularly known as ‘Charlie Wofe'), hair and skin creams, 70 bags
of flour and drinking glasses. Police said they had granted all the 23
suspects bail, and explained that when the driver was arrested, he mentioned
the 22 traders who claimed ownership of the goods on his truck. [Text]

[Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 18 Jul 86 p 8]/12828

CSO: 3400/367

20



RESIDENTIAL COMPOUND BUILT FOR SWEDISH WORKERS

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 May 86 p 3

[Text] Yesterday morning, Carlos Fernandes, secretary of state for coopera-
tion, officially opened the residential compound on Ndunduma Street for
Swedish workers, which was built under an agreement signed by both countries
on June 19, 1984.

In addition to a number of invited guests, Sten Rylander, the Swedish ambassa-
dor to Angola, and Lars Olof Edstrom, director general of ASDI (Swedish Inter-
national Development Agency), were present at the inauguration.

FABCON, the Swedish builder, began construction in January of last year, and
some units were occupied by December. The completed compound will house
another 55 people.

At the opening ceremony, Carlos Fernandes stated that "The inauguration of
this compound was built with a spirit that is encouraging our two governments
to develop and broaden the excellent cooperative relationship which, fortunate-
ly, has existed between the People's Republic of Angola and the Kingdom of
Sweden since the earliest days of the armed struggle for national liberation
waged by the Angolan people under the leadership of the MPLA."

Later, the secretary of state for cooperation said that the newly inaugurated
residences, including all furnishings, are Angolan property used by the Swedes,
who are responsible for maintenance. This wil be the case "so long as the
cooperative workers recruited and contracted by the Swedes continue working in
cooperative programs and projects in Angola approved by the government of the
Kingdom of Sweden and the People's Republic of Angola. " "

By the end of 1985, the Kingdom of Sweden had invested about SEK 25,000,000 in
planning and construction, and an additional SEK 220,000,000 may be allocated
for implementing the current cooperative agreement for the 1985/86 biennium.

"This is an important contribution by the Kingdom of Sweden to the economic
reconstruction of our country. The recent round of negotiations begun yester-
day between the secretary of state for cooperation and ASDI for the purposes
of entering into a new general cooperative agreement for 1987/88 is proof of
this, and it will certainly be successful," concluded Carlos Fernandes.

8844 6
cso: 3442/268


MOZAMBIQUE

AMASP DELEGATION WELCOMED IN ALMA-ATA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] Representatives of the Mozambican Association of Friendship and
Solidarity with the People (AMASP) present at the Soviet Week commemorating
the 11th anniversary of Mozambique's independence were received in Alma-Ata
at the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Cazaquestao.

The Mozambican delegation attended the solemn inauguration of a photographic
exhibition entitled "Encounters with Mozambique,“ promoted by the branch of
the Novosti Press Agency.

The head of the Mozambican delegation, Abdul Issa, said at the ceremony
inaugurating the photo exhibition that the meetings in Cazaquestao would
further Soviet-Mozambican relations.

Victor Gontcharov, deputy director of the Institute for African Studies of
the Soviet Union's Academy of Sciences, said in Moscow that the recently
formed Association for Mozambique~Soviet Friendship would step up cultural,
information, sports, artistic and scientific exchanges between the two
countries,

Speaking to AIM, the scientist said that Soviet-Mozambican relations would
follow the agreements signed between the parties and governments of the two
countries, and pointed out that the economic development of Mozambique is
hampered by armed banditry.

Regarding the newly-formed Association for Mozambique~Soviet Friendship,
Gontcharov said that it would stimulate and accelerate the development of
cultural relations between the two nations, making it possible to have in-
creased contacts in the scientific and artistic areas.

He said that relations between Mozambique and the Soviet Union would be
solidified by promoting artistic presentations in the two countries, and
bilateral relations would be strengthened.

Speaking on the overall situation in southern Africa, the scientist said that

it was critical as a result of the machinations of the Pretoria regime. He
particularly stressed ANC's efforts in the struggle with the apartheid regime,

25



SOUTH AFRICA

ISCOR SUING TWO IRANIAN PARTNERS OVER COMPANY BREAKUP

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Jul 86 p 1

[Text] ISCOR is suing two Iranian businessmen
over the break-up of a company formed
to market South African steel in Iran.

+ ‘The corporation is awaiting a date-for
a High Court hearing in London at which
it will ask for a legal declaration that the:
partnership is ended. :

Legal sources in London say Iscor is

_ also seeking the return of “millions of
rands” it claims is owed by the business-
men. i. .

Iscor has issued a writ against Sami

Abdulnabl”-and “Ahmed Aazam_ Zan-"
ueneh, both of London. The writ alleges

that nearly 13 years ago, Iscor went into

partnership with the two men to market

‘or steel in Iran and elsewhere. It was
agreed that the two sides would share the
profits equally.

They also agreed to participate as
shareholders in a company incorporated
in Iran called “Iscor-Iran Ltd”. There
was a subsequent agreement.to extend
the activities of the partnership through
the formation of further companies.

But on March 25, 1980, Iscor gave
notice to its two partners terminatin,
the partnership with effect from June
that year.

\” The High Court writ claims a declara-

ition that the partnership is dissolved and

an order that an inquiry be held into the
assets and liabilities of the partnership.
It seeks an order for payment by the
defendants of all sums found due.

Confirming the application yesterday,
an Iscor spokesman said in Pretoria the
corporation did not know when the hear-.
ing would take place. .

113104
cs0: 3400/312

94



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PROCLAMATION CLARIFIES STUDENT POSITION--Confusion of the admission of students
to educational institutions in group areas other than their own has been dis-
pelled by a proclamation in the government Gazette. In accordance with the
state president's proclamation, a student may attend lectures for academic pur-
poses only at a state educational institution or one subsidized by the state
in a group area other than his own. Our political news staff reports that
students other than whites may attend such an institution for academic pur-
poses but may not reside in a white residence without the necessary permits
under the Group Areas Act. The reverse is also applicable in other group
areas. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 22 Jul 86
MBI/12766

COSATU, ICFTU MEET GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL--Pretoria, July 21, SAPA--An interna-
tional delegation of trade union leaders held talks with the director-general
of the Department of Manpower, Dr Piet van der Merwe, in Pretoria today, SABC
radio news reports. The talks concerned labor problems in South Africa. The
delegation, led by the general secretary of the International Confederation

of Free Trade Unions, Mr Jan van der Veken, consisted of five foreigners and
two members of the Council [as received] of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).
This is the first time that COSATU has agreed to hold discussions with the
Department of Manpower. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 2051 GMT 21 Jul
86 MB]/12766

NONWHITES IN DIPLOMATIC POSTS--Our political news staff reports that South
Africa is entering a new phase in international diplomacy with the appointment
of people of population groups other than white to senior positions in its
embassies. The latest of these appointments and a first of a colored person
is that of Mr (Richard Davis) of Kuils River near Cape Town. Mr (Davis) has
been appointed first secretary to the political section of the South African
Embassy in London. Another but lower-ranking appointment is that of Mr (Viv
Naicker) of Pretoria, who has been posted to the embassy in Australia. [Text]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 20 Jul 86 MBI/12766

GROUP SUMMARIZES EMERGENCY DETENTIONS~-Johannesburg, July 24, SAPA--About 190
South Africans are reported missing, believed detained, every day, the Community
Research Group [CRG] said in their latest report released in Johannesburg. In
the Johannesburg area some 20 people per day are reported missing and indica-
tions are that the figures are much higher. In the first 6 weeks of this state

87



ANGOLA

PRODUCTION PROBLEMS OF HUILA GLASS COMPANY _
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Apr 86 p 3
[Article by Gabriel Sobrinho |

[text] Lubango (from our bureau)--The Vidreira do Sul glass company, of Huila
Province, could be completely idled after next November unless the competent
agencies take the necessary steps.

According to company director Carlos Ferreira, Vidreira do Sul is currently oper-
ating at 30 percent of capacity, limiting itself to small-scale production, since
the glass which it has available is not only insufficient to meet the constant
orders but is only 2 millimeters thick, suitable for small windows and doors.

Carlos Ferreira added that his company, which has been in operation since the
earliest days of our nation's independence, has benefited only once from a direct
import, in 1979. It has had to make do with that shipment until today, since the
authorities have not yet granted an import quota to the company.

With about 26 employees distributed over 7 sections, the company turned over
about 345,761 kKwanzas in net receipts t the general state budget last year, out
of gross receipts of 8,345,754 kwanzas.

At this time, the company, which is now surviving on the production of some pic~
ture frames, cut glass and small job orders, could be contributing greatly to
the construction works which the respective ministry and private companies are
undertaking in the region, in addition to repairs and replacements and the pro-
duction of mirrors and panes of various shapes and sizes which are needed in the
region.

the director of Vidreira do Sul appealed to the authorities for more flexibility
and understanding regarding the problems of his company. If it should shut down,
it would cause a major inconvenience, not only for building in Huila Province,
where the company is already well represented, but also in Cunene and Wamibe
provinces, which have been benefiting from its services.

6362
CSO: 3442/277



SOUTH AFRICA

OPENCAST MINING TRUCKS MADE LOCALLY FOR FIRST TIME

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (BUSINESS section) in English 27 Jul 86 p 4

(Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

GIANT R25.nillion mining
trucks are being made in
Sovth Africa for the first
fime,

Austral Engineering is
making the trucks, which are
used In opencast mining, at
its plant in Boksburg. They

consider SA manufacture.
But our problem was quality.

“The quality standards
were fixed, but we could not
find a firm which could
assure us it could meet them.

and machining of castings
and forgings, instrumenta-
tion and electrical work.

“Local content is increas’
ing daily and we intend to
import only the electrical
drive systems and diesel en-
gines eventually.”

tons, are fitted with electri-
cal drive systems for eco-
nomical use in opencast
mines and are powered by
overhead trolley lines. Once
out of the mine area, they are
powered by their diesel elec-
ic drive system.

have a local content of 40% u 1

and are made under licence Then we got together with ‘Tooling for the plant was 4, Rio Sontgncts ores some
of Unit Rig & Equipment Austral Engineering. imported from a Unit Rig

Company “We are not talking about a ~ factory, says Mr Mannen. By the end of the year, the

The rand's collapse has
caused a huge increase in the
price of imported trucks.
Ken Mannen, general man-
ager of Unit Hig SA, says:
“Five years ago it became
economically reasonable tq

firm doing.a bit of tin bashing
for us. In the short term we
expect Austral to take over
the entire fabrication and
construction work previously
done by Unit Rig. This in-
cludes precision turning
and jig boring, procurement

+ The first five frames began
production in September last
year and the full production.
run got under way in Janu-
ary.

The trucks, which have
payloads of 154 tons and 172°

company will have exported

. two dump bodies and 18 elec-

trical control conversion
units to Afvican,countries, In
addition, 13 trucks ‘will have
been delivered to Palabora
Mining Company. Three will
be 172-ton units.

19274

cso: 3400/355

93



Cheetah Gives Edge To Pilots

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Jul 86 p 7

{Text}

19274
CSO: 3400/358

IF the new Cheetah jet fighter is all that it is
cracked up to be, South African Air Force pilots
have regained the edge over all others ‘flying in
Southern Africa. .

For years military planners have been worrying
about the fact that the increasing obsolescence of
South African fighter aircraft has been negating the
advantage of the SAAF’s rigorous pilot training.

Now, however, SAAF pilots have an aircraft said
to have a performance comparable to Angola’s MiG-
23, currently the hottest fighter in Southern African
service.

This means SAAF planners have been relieved of
a long-time burden — the need to find an aircraft
known simply-as the “NTF” (new-technology fight-
er).

_ Smaller cost in time, money

By upgrading the delta-winged Mirage 111s, Arms-
cor has done so at smaller cost in time and money
than would have been needed with a brand-new
project.

It consists of about 50 percent of the Mirage 111’s
airframe, while the rest is locally designed weapon-
ry, computer guidance equipment and bodywork.

Performance statistics are likely to remain classi-
fied for‘a long time, but the following deductions:
can be made:

@ Speed. The Cheetah probably is not faster than
the Mirage 111 (Mach 2,2 in level flight), while the
maximum for the MiG-23E flown by Angola is Mach
2,3. However, speed is only one element of the
“performance package”, which also includes man-
oeuvrability, avionics and weaponry.

@ Weaponry. As a multi-role fighter the Cheetah
can carry a variety of weapon systems, from cluster
bombs to the advanced Kukri air-to-air missile.

Handling ‘comparable to best’

What is just as important, however, is that in the
opinion of local experts the avionics package
crammed into its large, drooping nose is far superi-
or to that carried by local MiG-23s, which are a
special export version with inferior radar and other
equipment.

@ Ease of handling. The chief of the SAAF, Lieu-
tenant-General Denis Earp, says that in many re-
spects “its handling is... comparable to the best in
the world”, and local experts point out that the
small canard wings on the engine intakes greatly
improve its ground-attack efficiency and allow it to
use sub-standard landing strips.

@ Quantity in service. Up to 10 Cheetahs could
already be in service — General Earp has stated
that about half of the Mirage 111 fleet has already
been converted into Cheetahs, and according to one
published source the SAAF has at least 20 of this
type. .

98



/12828
CSO:

in October last year. It is financed largely
by “businessmen such as Gamalicl
Onosode, Arthur Mbanefo, Hope Har-
riman, Kwaku Adadevoh, former Unilag
vice-chancellor, among others. The finan-
cial group was sounded out by
Obaigbena, who said he looked for spon-
sors with “professional integrity” rather
than loud or partisan ones, This Week
plans to print simultaneously via satellite
in Nigeria (for the Nigerian and African
market), Europe and the United States of
Aucrica. The aim is “to be a flagship for
a new Nigeria, a Nigeria that sees world
events from its own perspective.” The
magazine will be printed in London. The
preview issue came out in June.

‘There are also the specialised publica-
tions, most of which came out in the May-
June period. Builders Magazine, by
builders for builders; Investor’s Digest, a
business newspaper published by Henry
Atenega, former editor, Financial Punch.
I is a monthly. The African Technical
Survey, which highlights business and in-
dustrial_activities has E.1.C. Okenwa
Austin Martins'as its editor-in-chief. Then
there is Catering and Food Industry
magazine, a quarterly published by N.i.
lyere Isibor. The medical sector is ade-

3400/387

61

quately taken care of by a couple of
medical magazines like Healthcare. The
Credit’ World, a credit and lancial
management magazine, is published by
Mon-Ona Credit and Collection Interna-
tional.

Again, these specialised publications
can hardly be purchased off the streets.
They enjoy limited circulation. Society
magazines, long overdue are here with the
debut of Prime People. It is published by
Muyiwa Adetiba, formerly of Punch,
recently, editor of Sam Amuka’s
Vanguard. Adetiba, who has spent almost
all of his career talking with and listening
to people, is at last putting the experience
and skill he’s acquired into this personal
venture. It is fashioned after America’s
popular press, especially the notorious
National Enquirer, Adetiba’s easy, relax-
ed style pervades the publication each
week.

Also due to debut soon is The Mail
newspapers, Daily and Sunday Mail,
published by Clarkson. Majomi, public
relations magnate with Scott Emuakpor
as its managing director. The format, ac-
cording to Majomi, will be a cross bet-
ween the serious and the light-hearted,
something like Britain’s News of The
World.



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

LAND SHORTAGE DUE TO REFUGEES-~Mbabane~-Swaziland was facing a serious land
shortage crisis because of the increasing influx of refugees, mainly from
Mozambique, Swaziland's Minister of the Interior, Mr King Mtetwa, said on
Monday. In a speech in Mbabane read on his behalf at a workshop on refugees
attended by delegates from 34 countries, he said the country's main settlement
areas at Ndzevane and Malindza in the Lubombo district were seriously over-
crowded-~both in terms of accommodation and land for the refugees to culti-
vate, He said Swaziland needed more help from abroad to enable it to purchase
more privately-owned land to allocate to the increasing number of refugees so
that they could become self-sufficient. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 18 Jun 86 p 17} /9274

CURRENCY CHANGE GENERATING CONFUSION--Mbabane--Swaziland's decision to "de-
link" its currency from the South African rand has caused confusion and anger
among Swazi shopkeepers, Technically the rand ceased to be legal tender in
Swaziland from the beginning of the month. However, Swaziland's central bank
said that the rand would be considered inter-changeable with the lilangeni in
normal cash transactions. The fine distinction is baffling some Swazi shop-
keepers who are refusing to accept South African currency. The confusion has
already caused some heated scenes on some bus services where conductors have
also been refusing South African notes and coins. The finance ministry's
permanent secretary, Mr Kenneth Mbuli, issued a statement during the week-
end stressing that while the rand is technically not legal tender it is for
practical purposes a valid currency and is still interchangeable. The purpose
of "de-linking" has been explained as a preparatory step to making Swaziland's
currency less dependent on the rand on the foreign exchange market. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Jul 86 p11] /9274

CSO; 3400/351

67



COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT PRAISED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Jun 86 p 8

{Article by Barry Sergeant]

[Text]

THERE IS a small African my
tery which can be reached after
four hours drive West from Johan-
nesburg called Botswana.

It is one of three working democ-
racies on the continent and has just
produced its annual Central Bank
report for 1985. The figures con-
found traditional economic theory
and make for the best-managed
African country — on paper.

Rated at independence from the
UK in 1966 as one of the dozen
poorest countries, Botswana is not
yet free of structural economic
problems. Its mixture of economic
sectors is becoming narrowed as
diamonds account for most export
earnings. The drought in the sub-
continent has also left its scars.

But today the country can boast:
Olt runs one of Africa's few trade
surpluses;

OCcmmercial banks rarely pa‘
interest on new deposits, as credit
creation is negative;

O Foreign exchange reserves cov-
er an unheard-of 17 months im-
ports;

OThe balance of payments and”

government budget reflect healthy

surpluses;

OForeign loans are virtually ir-
relevant; and

O The currency is strong and infla-
tion, by African standards, is low.

Protests

To the North, around the Oka-
vango, talk is that President Quett

Masire is preservin rural con-
stituencies by killing the tsetse fly
in one of Africa’s greatest nature
areas so cattle can move in. .
And the Eur Economic
Community (EEC), which takes up
the majority of the country’s beef
production, still insists on fences

stretching across the Kalahari to
counter t! ssible spread of foot-
and-mouth disease.

Conservationists are beside
themselves with the apparent de-
struction of the Okavango and tens
of thousands of nomadic antelope
that have died of thirst in front of
the EEC-fences. But there are hap-
py farmers — descended from and
still talking almost Dutch — ip the
Kalahari’s Ghanzi district.

The unemployed in the capital
Gaborone do not blame anyone for
their problems. Protests at the
town’s university campus have
been juvenile and Masire was vic-
torious in the recent elections.

Perhaps he has lost a ‘bit of

‘ound but he still tolerates a Bo-

wana communist party which

holds meetings that practically no-

body attends.

The legal system, like SA’s, is
Roman-Dutch based and there are
no political prisoners. Sometimes
there are petty litical infrac-
tions, inevitably the result of per-
sonal frustration rather than part
ofatrend. _ :

What has been its economic se-
cret? Since independence, Bo-

- tswana has been austere in its eco-

nomic management. It has had the
grace to take the impartial advice ‘

12

BOTSWANA

of expert expatriates.

Specifically, the secret has been
foreign exchange management of
the country’s currency (the pula) —
which means “rain,” or something
close to it — in Setswana.

Botswana @ introduced ithe ula in
1976 — mal possible for ex-
change rate policy to be tailored
more tb the county own poliey
objectives. Rather that than be de-
pendant on developments in SA’s

lance of payments.

Between 1976 and 1982 Bots-
‘wana’s exchange rate policy was
aimed at containing inflationary
pressures. A pula basket consisting
of half a rand and half an SDR
replaced the US dollar as Bots-
wana’s currency peg in June 1980.
The change followed a period of
sustained rand appreciation
against the US dollar — and
against the pula.

Since then there have been three

BOTSWANA — KEY 1985 FIGURES
Diamwend Exports Pola__US$
1048m 544m
Dec 3): P1/R1,23

Exchange Rate

{ntlation (highest) Nov: = 1.1%
Government Budget _(Apri-Sept)_+P80m

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

‘Trade balance +P404m

Services —P322m
Transfers +P 151m
Current account +P233m
Capital account +P206m
Overall balance +P464m

International reserves
Prime Sending rate (December)



"DIAMOND ACT' TO RESTRUCTURE, BOOST GEMS INDUSTRY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Jul 86 p 4

[Article by Beulah Brown]

{Text]

13104
cso:

3400/312

A NEW Diamonds Bill will be tabled in
August, aiming to establish SA as a more
important diamond manufacturing and
dealing centre.

One of the aims of the Bill is the restruc-

turing of the diamond industry for the best
interest of SA. It will be published as the
Diamonds Act of 1986. :
Although a major producer, SA cannot
compete with market leaders because of the
under-developed size of the manufacturing
(cutting) side, says Master Diamond Cutters
Association of SA chairman Nic Jooste.
Diamonds generally were exported before
local cutters could view them, he said.
The manufacturing size of the diamond
industry caused SA to be ranked low on the

world market. said Jooste. who recently re-"

turned from the International Diamond con-
gress held in Tel Aviv. : ee

“Compare our turnover of the finished
product ($100m) with that of Israel (s1.abn)
and India .($1,12bn) — countries that don't
even have their own resources,” Jooste said.

Another change includes the reconstruc-
tion of the Diamond Cutting Board, appoint-
ed by government, giving wider scope to’all
parties represented on it — producers, cut-
ters, dealers as well as several government
departments. It will be renamed the Dia-
mond Board.

Government has already relaxed a rigid
approach to issuing manufacturers’ licences.

Since 1982, 32 additional licences were ap-

proved — a major development on previous
years, Jooste said.

Optimism in the diamond industry + now
recovering from its worse recession in 50
years — was fuelled by demand improve-
ment and positive market reaction.

In 1985, SA’s volume of diamond exports
(230 000 carats) increased by 18% from‘the

previous year, showing the improvement in

market demand.
The labour force increased by 30%.”
“In addition, De Beers had enough confi-

“dence in the market to mark up rough-dia-

mond prices by 7,5%,” Jooste said.

95

SOUTH AFRICA



MISCONCEPTIONS ON IRON, STEEL PROJECT EXPLAINED

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 21 Jul 86 p 4

GHANA

(Article by Prof. Akilagpa Sawyerr, Chairman, Minerals Commission]

[Text]

Nareport on July 1st,
and editorials on July
4 and 7, 1986, the ‘Gha-
naian Times’ discussed the
Oppon Mansi Integrated
tron and Stcel Project, This
project is of such importan-
ce to Ghana, and the report
and editorials’ contained
such serious misconceptions
about it and about the role
of the Minerals Commission
in its handling, — that the
commission js obliged to is-
sue this statement of clarifi-
cation, 5

Among the main miscon-
ceptions, particularly in the
editorials. are the following:

%* = ‘Lhat the Uppon Mansi
Iron and Stoel rroject has
been certificd ‘as “entirely
feasible” by the most com-
petent experts in the world,
and so should not be ques-
tioned.

%* That the finance for
the project is readily avai-
lable. .

* That the Ministry of
Lands and Natural Resour-
ces and the Mineral Com-
mision are, for improper mo-
tives, holding back the im.
plementation of the project.

it is necessary to empha.
size at the onset for the
information and assurance
of the general public, that:

%& The PNDC has’ main.
tained a general interest in
the development of the Op.
pon Mansi fron and Steel
Project;

%* The Ministry of Lands
and Natural Resources has
mandated the Minerals Com.
mission to investigate the
feasibility of the project; and

% The Minerals Commis.
sion has been engaged in
an investigation of the dea-
sibility of the. project with
a view to making recommen.
dations to the Government
in respect of its implemen.
tation.

In view of the miscontep.
tions in the ‘Times’ report
and editorials. it is neces.
sary to set out briefly the
barkeround to the Project
and its treatment to date

— STUDY

The Government, of Ghana
in 1979 commissioned KRUPF
INDUSTRIE UND STAHLBAU
(KIS) to undertake a teasi.
bility study for an iron and
stecl project based on the
Oppon Mansi iron ore de.
posits, The report of this
Study was presented to Go.
vernment in December 1979,
tn February 1980, the report
was reviewed by a commit.
tee set up by Government.

Among the important issues
noted by this committee was
the fact. that the original
KIS report had been based
upon the availability of
enexgy from the Volta River
Authority (VRA) as a result
o£ which the report did not
include any cost estimafe
for the provision of power.
When it was pointed out
that. there was no excess
energy available from RA,

17

@ suggestion was made that
gas turbine generators draw.
ing on natural gas from the

ixcove area could be used
instead, ‘

The Committe estimated

| “that the cost of using na.

tural pas instead of VRA
bower would add an extra
$300 million or so, in 1980
Prices. to the cost of the
Project, This figure did nof
include the cost of develop.
ing the Dixcove naturel ges
field and bringing the gas
to the turbines itself an
expensive and complicated
undertaking.

The committee theretore
recommended that a sepatate
study be conducted into the
whole idea of using gas fur-
bine generators as a source
of energy in place of VRA
hydro_power as __ originally
Proposed: tH should be clear
that the change-over to
natural gas radically . altered
the’ economics and there.
tore the feasibility of the
whole Project,

Under the PNDC, the Mi.
nistry of Lands and Natural
Resources set up another
commiteee to review the Pro.
ject. This committee econfir-
med the view ‘of the eariier
committee that the Project
could not be taken any fur.
ther without a thorough
review of the proposed
energy source,

This was. the situation
when, in September 1984,
the Minerals Commission was
Set up to teke over the Zunc_
tions of the Aluminium



19317
cso: 3400/155

And while Mr Cleary will maintain that it is due to the ‘democratic’
system which prevails under the interim government, that allows such
judgements to be made at all, what he is forgetting is that such judgements
do not enhance the credibility of the interim government.

Quite the contrary in fact. Most of the people of this country are well
aware that resorting to the courts (often a very-expensive procedure) is
made essential because of the undemocratic and often arbitrary actions
of this interim government.

‘That the interim government are ‘brought to order’ by the courts does
not in fact, reflect well on them at all. .

MARKETING AN UNMARKETABLE PRODUCT

THE SAME MR Sean Cleary, who is given an annual budget of
R4-million for this purpose, is responsible for the marketing of the in-
terim abroad. And a difficult task it must be, despite what he recently
described as a’number of advantages of this socalled government.
Apparently the ‘democrats’ of the past, have forgotten about this prin-
ciple, and prominent leaders of the interim government now justify their
arbitrary moves because its ‘in the Africa tradition’. Where once they
promised change from the ‘African tradition’ and ruling by the barrel
of the gun, they now do it themselves. eB
Mr Cleary felt there were a number of advantages of the status quo,
in Namibia, and he listed them as being what he called the ‘inclusivity’
of the interim government; the fact that it was premised on a Bill of
Rights; that it had a measure of stability in regional terms; an ‘attrac-
tive’ form of constitutional government’; and lastly, that ‘national recon-.
ciliation’ was what he called the ‘philosophical watchword’ of the in-
terim government. ° - 4 “

ANYTHING BUT A CLIMATE OF NATIONAL RECONCILIATION

THE ‘ADVANTAGES’ OF the interim government, in the opinion of
Mr Cleary, are really not advantages at all, particularly what he referred
to as the ‘philosophical watchword’ of this goyernment,......, -

National reconciliation, in terms of the interim government, is a myth.
They are anything but reconciliatory, and in fact have a sometimes
declared state of war on opponents of their rule. -

Everyone outside the corridors of this interim government is suspect.

“If he had been honest with his audience when he addressed them on,
‘Marketing a Country’, Mr Cleary would have listed the real disadvan-.
tages of the interim government. He and his colleagues in this govern-
ment claim the MPLA Government in Angola is imposed on the people,
and hence their support for Unita - why do they not see Namibia’s
unelected interim government in the same context?

The interim government is not elected; its Bill of Rights appears to
be a mere propaganda stunt (since it sells well abroad); it is intolerant
and arbitrary towards opponents of any kind; and it enforces the same
state of apartheid, the same state of repression, the same failure to allow
the people their self-determination, as the South African Government
before them.

46



SOUTH AFRICA

MIDRAND TOWNSHIP HOUSING PROJECT TO ALLEVIATE UNEMPLOYMENT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance/Review) in English 27 Jul 86 ppl, 3

[Text]

19274
cso:

MIDRAND, widely expected to
become South Africa’s first mul-
tiracial town, is to be the focal
point of a R300-million construc-
tion programme for 15 000 low-
cost housing units.

The programme will allevi-:

ate unemployment and, by rip-
ple effect could benefit the en-
tire South African economy.

This is the conclusion of
James Crosswell, one of South
Africa’s leading civil-engineer-
ing consultants and chairman of
the SA Property Owners’ As-
sociation’s housing committee,
after this week’s official proc-~
lamation of an 800-ha “develop-
ment area” at Tembisa.

‘The planned township, which

3400/355

could house up to 80 000 people,
is part of the Government’s plan

to help ease the country’s hous-:
ing shortage of an estimated one,

million low-cost units.
Mr Crosswell says that while
no details have yet been forth-

coming, he hopes that the new-'

township will be constructed
solely on labour-based lines,

of requiring 5000 man-years of
labour, thereby helping allevi-
ate the country’s unemploy-
ment.

“If one is rather. more realis-
tic and applies labour-based
:methods only to those elements:

91

which lend themselves to such
methods, such as excavation, then
2500 man-hours of labour would
be required,” says Mr Crosswell.

Based on a three-year. contract,
e suggests that a peak of 1000
labourers could be employed at a
total cost of R7,5 million.

“The priority is to provide em-

since this would have the effect | ployment to a demoralised indus-

try that has already lost 250000
skilled men during the recession,

“This move would trigger a
multiplier effect throughout the
economy. . .

“Given.an 800-ha site for 15 000
houses, the excavation for water
‘and sewerage alone would require
2.000 man-years of labour.

“At a daily labour rate of R12,
as opposed to the rate of R6 in the
more depressed areas of the coun-
try,. significant direct input into
the local economy would be rea-
lised.

“Both public and private sector
services will need to design appro-
priate new construction and man-
agement programmes, bearing in
mind that a man excavating three
cubic metres a day for R12 be-
comes a commercially viable
proposition when compared to me-
chanised excavation methods.”



"Nevertheless, with the aid of cooperant technicians, we ‘began training native
technicians on the basic and intermediate levels."

Holmberg also cited.the increase in military aggression in certain areas as
one of the causes of the failure of certain projects. -He said: “When the third
phase of the program was planned, there were projects which could only be
implemented by means of field activities. It was these activities that were
affected." : .

In conclusion, Johan Holmberg remarked that he expected an agreement to be
reached regarding the general -guidelines.for the future of ‘the Program,
"because there is a convergence of views."

The MONAP program is currently employing about’ 110 foreign workers, and it is
financed by Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. -° ‘

2909
CSO: 3442/273

29



revaluations of about 5% each.
‘Thanks to the 1985 crash in the
rand’s value, the pula depreciated
against the major world curren-
cies. The short-term effects of ex-
change rate developments includ-
ed windfall gains to the balance of
payments and government budget.

ut it was considered that the
medium-term impact would go
awry. So the Bank of Botswana
conducted a comprehensive re-
view of the pula basket at the end
of 1985. Perhaps the main charac-
teristic under scope was the in-
creasing polarisation of the -bal-
ance of payments structure.

The bulk of exports (70% plus in
1983 and 1984) went to Europe;
most imports (80%-plus) are from
the-Common Customs Area, which
means mostly SA. Diamonds now

take the lion’s share of e: _
increasing from 52% in Seto n%

Objectives

(Outside diamonds, main ex-
ports are copper-nickel matte,
meat, textiles and re-exports —
mainly of vehicles. Imports are
dominated by food, beverages and
tobacco, fuel, machinery, electri-
cal equipment and vehicles and
transport equipment).

The need for a strong national
currency — and an appropriate ex-
change rate policy — was again
clearly recogni: in the latest
National Development Plan
(1985/86 to 1990/91):

“Government recognises that
the success of its trade and indus-
trial development efforts, and par-
ticularly the attraction of foreign
investment and technology, large-
ly depends on maintaining a suit-
able investment climate.

“Crucial to this are govern-
ment’s commitment to free enter-
prise, a strong national currency, a

iberal foreign exchange. policy
and favourable fiscal and mone-
tary policies and incentives.”

19274
cso: 3400/345

13

‘The objectives wanted here are
an independent exchange rate poli-

— but recognising, too, that ex-
change rate policy cannot alone
bear the burden of economic devel-
opment and diversification. Per-
haps the rough ride of the pula in
the third quarter of 1985 taught the
Bank once and for all.

Interaction

The pula depreciated by 13%,
20% and 24% against the three
most traded non-rand currencies
(US dollar, pound sterling and

itsche mark) respectively; the
rand fell 22%, 28% and 31%
against the currencies. And the
rand depreciated by 10% against

the pula.

Now the Bank of Botswana has
reached the conclusion that the ob-
jective of maintaining a stable
cost/price relationship between
SA’s and Botswana's products can-
not be viewed as static. There is
the interaction between the ex-
change rate and the evolution of
costs and prices.

«’ So, says the Bank, exchange rate
developments must remain under
continuous evaluation under the
spotlight of the economic environ-
ment. Then policy can be adjusted
to reflect changing circumstances
and times.

So the South African interested

on whatever basis in the future of

Botswana must be ever alive to
x ges in the pula’s value. And
after this week’s further rand
weakness it may be just the time to
another currency change.
it is of note that SA has been a
major source of investment funds
for Botswana over the years —
though in recent years the propor-
tion of non-rand investment funds
has increased significantly. And
much as the latest figures for SA
exports to Botswana have not been
eased, the figure in rand terms
would near the magnitude of Ribn
in the next year.


19317
CSO: 3400/155

Most Namibians consider South African troops as as Gccupy-
ing force in this country, here illegally, and against the will of
the people. The presence of homeland troops would be viewed
in an even more serious light by most of the population.

Apart from anything else, there is little doubt that this ‘foreign
bantustan force’ would have problems in communicating with the
population in the north of Namibia; a section of-our community
which is already subject to the most inhuman conditions. Now
that area of the country is increasingly becoming a ‘testing ground’
for weapons and troops and military activities of both the South
African, and the socalled homeland governments.

The interim government need to address this question with the
‘utmost urgency, and report to the People on the reasons for this
decision.

The présence of homeland troops in the north also casts the
claims by the interim government and SWATF, that 61 percent
of the ‘fighting force’ in the north are Namibians, and that the

Jocal army is inundated with volunteers.

The people of Namibia are owed an explanation on this latest
folly apparently sanctioned by a government with no mandate.

57



ECONOMIC

Coal Mining Industry Fears Sanctions
(John Orpen; THE SUNDAY STAR, 27 Jul 86)...scsecesceseees

Midrand Township Housing Project To Alleviate Unemployment
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 27 Jul 86).-cececcecccsccvccccescereces

Possibility Seen of New Gold Boom Through Technology
(THE STAR, 28 Jul 86).....cesceccecceceereerecceeceeceecs

Opencast Mining Trucks Made Locally for First Time
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jul 86)......cceeeeceees

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

ISCOR Suing Two Iranian Partners Over Company Breakup
(BUSINESS DAY, 9 Jul 86). ..ccccceccccveccveccrces

"Diamond Act' To Restructure, Boost. Gems Industry
(Beulah Brown; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Jul 86)....-eecececeeeees

Government Measures Concerning Motor Industry
(Hamish McIndoe; BUSINESS DAY, 2 Jul 86)..

Experts Laud New SAAF Jet, Modified Mirage 111
(CAPE TIMES, 17 Jul 86).....

Answers Air Force Requirements, by Ian Hobbs
Cheetah Gives Edge to Pilots

Long-Range Missiles Next in Line From Arms Industry
(Stephan Terblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jul 86)......--eeee

Training of Computer, Electronics Technicians Described
(Heath Young; BUSINESS DAY, 13 Jun 86)......ceeeeesceenee

Briefs
Remote-Controlled Aircraft
Local Airship Set To Fly
Fuel Corrosion Inhibitor Discovered

/12223

90
91
92

93

99
101

103
103
103



and Uitsig were affected. "Almost no pupils" attended school at Cathkin while
at both Modderdam and Heideveld attendance was less than 50 percent, he said.
At Uitsig "less than 50 percent" of the pupils turned up for school. Some
pupils had stayed away at Arcadia but attendance was "satisfactory." Atten-
dance was normal at the other 21 high schools in the Athlone area and also at
Mitchells Plain, Wynberg, Bellvile and Paarl, Mr Dempsey said. [Text]
{Johannesburg SAPA in English 2121 GMT 22 Jul 86 MB]/12766

CSO: 3400/322

89



MOZAMBIQUE

REHABILITATION WORK ON LIME FURNACE STAGNATED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] Work to rehabilitate the lime furnace in Nantinde Zone, district of
Mossuril in Nampula stopped-several weeks ago because of defective working
conditions. The work is part of a restoration project on Mozambique Island.
The furnace operates by rudimentary methods and has the capacity to produce
20 tons of lime a year.

The government of Nampula Province decided to expand it because the lime
produced there is better than in the Namialo and Corrane deposits. The Minas
Gerais State Enterprise in Nampula is in charge of the work.

The restoration office is involved in the rehabilitation of a specific car-
pentry project. According to the office head, Mario Intepepe, carpentry will
guarantee aid for all the monuments and the people, who need doors and windows,
among other things.

For the carpentry project, there are already about 15 cubic meters of wood
and automated machinery donated by a Norwegian organization.

The carpentry project is part of an emergency plan designed to halt the
deterioration that accelerated with last year's rains, regarded as the worst
in 20 years. They caused flooding that damaged access roads, knocked down
many homes, and damaged the main road into Fortaleza.

According to the plan, all the construction teams located on the island would
join together to repair all the movable and immovable property damaged by
the rains.

Contacts were also made with the Nampula Road Enterprise to asphalt the three
main streets on the island: the one along the coastline, the one in the
middle and the farm road. Plans to restore the other roads are still under
study.

Mario Intepepe also reported that the State Culture Secretary in Maputo is
drawing up a detailed report on a survey of Mozambique Island conducted in
1983. It will be submitted to UNESCO, will make it possible to include the
island on the list of world cultural patrimony and will enable international
organizations to expand their technical and financial support.

9805/8918
CSO: 3442/254 34



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT MEASURES CONCERNING MOTOR INDUSTRY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 2 Jul 86 p 3

{Article by Hamish McIndoe]

(Text ]

/13104
cso:

GOVERNMENT has started weigh-
ing up proposals for a new local con-
tent programme for cars and light
commercial vehicles, according to
motor industry sources.

‘The Board of Trade and Industries’
(BTI) probe into the six-year old

hase Five (V) local content pro-
gramme is seen as one of the most
ambitious plans yet to assist the cri-
sis-struck sector. .

“The motor industry’s financial
plight is once again under the official
spotlight,” said Toyota marketing di-
rector Brand Pretorius.

Trade and Industries Minister
Dawie de Villiers wants the BTI to
report on the soundness of existing
local content measures.

“It’s an open agenda and the BTI
will be able to recommend substan-
tive changes to any rovision that
needs up-dating,” said National Asso-
ciation of Automobile Manufacturers,
of SA (Naamsa) director Nico Ver-
meulen yesterday.

Motor manufacturers have another
two weeks to submit their proposals
for a revised local content pro-
gramme to the BTI.

3400/312

96

Naamsa members will meet on
July 10 to exchange ideas and frame a
consensus view on the changes need-

‘ed in local content measures.

Phase V provides for a minimum
net local content of 66% by mass on
cars and 50% for light commercial
vehicles.

Nissan MD John Newbury said the
move signalled government’s willing-
ness to shift more benefits on to car-
makers’ tooling-up for new models.

In place of existing Phase V mea-
sures, carmakers are expected to

ress the BT to:

Recognise low mass/high value
components, like instrumentation,
rather than the existing emphasis on
high mass/low value items;

CG Change excise duty structures and.

rebate credits in line with the high

cost of increasing local content lev-.
is;

O Allow big;

ufacturers a!

Pogent exports; ‘
Simplify the administrative burden
on vehicle manufacturers.

concessions for man-
g for long-term com-



NAMIBIA

AGREEMENT WITH RSA ON ORANGE RIVER WATER UNDER NEGOTIATION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 2 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Joe Putz]

[Text]

A DRAFT agreement regulating the use of
water from the Orange River is being

negotiated between

the Transitional

Government and South Africa and could

be finalised this year.

This was annowinced by the
Minister of Agriculture and
Water Affairs, Mr Eben van
Ziil, in Windhock~ this
morning.

Once the deal has been
struck, increased irrigation on
the Namibian side of the river
could open up 20 000 hectares
of land along the river banks to
agricultural development.

Visions of vegetable fields,
date plantations and even vine-
yards were conjured up by Mr
Van Zijl, who described the
negotiations as “delicate but
hopeful?

Although such an agree:
ment in no way resolved the
longstanding border dispute
between the RSA and succes-

sive SWA adniinistrations dat- *

ing back to German times, the
deal would open the way to a
mutual agreed interim’ policy
on usage.

19317
cso: 3400/155

“Concerning the definition
of the southern Namibian
border in terms of internation-
al law, both the Transitional
and South African govern-
ments have reserved their posi-
tions’ until Namibia has
achicved international status
as an independent country,’
Mr Van Zijl said.

Attempts to resolve the dis-
pute which ultimately dated
back to the proclamation of
the Cape border in 1847, would
be interpreted as ‘jumping the
gun on independence by thein-
ternational community’, he
said.

Holding a 48-page docu--

ment, the minister said the TG
had called in legal opinion,
justifying its contention that
the border should be drawn at
the low watermark of the river

37

which could effectively mean
the centre of a periodically dry
river bed.

Based on previous disputes
between Britain, Germany and
the’Union Government at the
turn of the century, South
Africa had maintained the
‘high watermark of the river’s
northern bank as the interna-
tional boundary.

But with no real possibility
in sight of resolving the dispute
-before independence, the only
solution on regulation of usage
was an interim agreement, he
said.

Such an agreement would
not prejudice future negotia-
tion positions with an indepen-
dant Namibia.

Based on records of river
flow dating back to 1932, the
recent flowis estimated at 5 bil-
tion cubic metres annually.

Namibia was negotiating an
annual consumption of about
500 million cubic-metres with
South Africa, Mr Van Zijlsaid.

The consumption — was
projected on future agricultur-
al and mining use.