Overreaction Seen

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 2 May 86 p 9

[Article by Gwen Lister]

[Text]

THE INTERIM government, like most of its predecessors, in the
jackboot tradition established by the South African Government,
has a tendency to overreact. The ban on ‘all meetings’ in the
magisterial district of Windhoek for a two-week period, is in-
dicative of their paranoia about ‘all opposition.

There is little doubt that the two-week ban on meetings in terms of
the Riotous Assemblies Act of 1956, was aimed at defusing any meetings
planned in commemoration of Cassinga Day, when on May 4 1978, the

SADF bombed Swapo camps in Angola, killing hundreds of Namibian...

refugees.

But the ban also served to initiate unease in tlie ranks of the anti-interim
government parties who assembled this week for a two-day conference
to look at ways and means of increasing pressure for the implementa-
tion of the UN settlement plan. And while their meeting, which took
place on Tuesday and Wednesday, was probably ‘illegal’ in terms of the
ban which was imposed from midnight of Tuesday, went ahead, some
of the delegates were considerably unnerved and were in favour of aban-
doning the gathering. ° .

The fact that the Herstigte Nasionale Party meeting, scheduled for
Thursday night, also could not take place, was complete coincidence,
and the ban was aimed. at ‘left-wing’ rather than ‘right-wing’ groups.

‘ATTEMPT TO BREAK UP A MEETING OF OPPOSITION

QUITE OBVIOUSLY the ban, imposed by the Cabinet of the interim
government, and which apparently threw both Police and Government
officials into a state of confusion, was aimed at destroying the Council
of Churches-sponsored meeting.

There is little doubt that the six parties making up the MPC consider
the gathering of their opposition as a ‘threat’, although, ironically, Health
Minister Moses Katjiuongua was reported to have remarked that it could
turn into ‘... another Multi Party Conference’!

Journalists who tried to establish whether or not the meeting of pro-
gressive groups would be broken up by Police, were not successful. The
Police themselves did not know, and referred reporters to the Cabinet.
Officials there were also not certain, but felt that it would be ‘foolish’
if the Cabinet were to move against the conference of anti-interim govern-
ment parties.

SIMILAR BANNINGS IN PREVIOUS YEARS

IN THE PAST few years, the Riotous Assemblies Act has been conve-
niently invoked at this time of the year, to prevent public meetings on
Cassinga Day from taking place.

All gatherings except ‘bona fide church services’ were declared illegal.

Commemoration services nevertheless went ahead, under the auspices *

of the churches, in various parts of the country.

Some of.those parties now making up the interim government,
vigorously condemned the Cassinga Raid in 1978, heaping criticism on
the SADF and South African Government. Now installed in the seats
of power, they ban meetings in commemoration of an incident they
themselves condemned, and an incident which claimed the lives of many
Namibians.

57

JPRS«SSA*86~061
12 June 1986



UNITA SELLS TIMBER TO RSA TO BOOST WAR FUNDS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 May 86 p 9

[Text ]

19274
"CSO:

3400/1746

IN a bid to boost his war chest,
Dr Jonas Savimbi, leader of -
Angola’s Unita guerillas, has
exported and sold thousands of
tons of timber to a South Afri-
can company.

The valuable teak and other
tropical hardwoods are ‘felled
by Unita soldiers, frequently
working under the supervision
of white South Africans;

The wood is then floated
down the Cuando river out of
southern Angola to an assem-
bly point near Kongola in the
Caprivi Strip, the long :pan-han-
dle of South West Africa.

The 2.000 sq km Caprivi Strip
houses numerous military
bases guarding against terror-
ist infiltration. The Area has «
been largely cleared of its local
population, and virtally the
only civilian traffic seen on its.
extensive road network are
heavily laden timber lorries
travelling to a sawmill at
Rundu. After being sawn, the |
logs are transported to Johan-
nesburg. ;

The South African company
involved is Frama Intertrading :
Ltd, based in Johannesburg..Its
chairman, Fernando “Joe”
Lopes,.a former Portuguese
refugee from Angola, admits |
he buys wood from Unita.

He said: “These stories are -
true, So what? I have a pick-
up point for the wood from
Unita. I exchange it for food :
and clothing and do not go into
Angola at all. I receive it at the

23

‘border and it is all legal. Re-

ports that I carry or supply
arms for Unita are trash.”,

Unita, which is fighting An-
gola’s Marxist MPLA govern-
ment, controls the heavily
wooded south-eastern Cuando-
Cubango province of Angola.
Unita is heavily dependent: on
South African aid.

In return for South African
help it has been alleged that

Unita trades in Angolan tim-*

ber, diamonds, animal
skins and ivory. How-
ever, until now there
has been no positive
Proof. — :

Lopes denies he is in-
volved in diamonds or
ivory trading. He says
he has no personal con-
tact with Unita’s lead-
ers but supports their
fight against “the com-
munists”. — The Ob-
server News Service.

@The firm Frama In-
tertrading is based in
central Johannesburg
but a spokesman said
no person by the name
of Fernando “Joe”
Lopes worked there.

The Sunday Star was
told the firm’s director
was Mr Arlindo Maia,
who was the only one
who ‘ could comment.
However, he was not
available for comment
on the reports,

JPRS«SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



South Africa belongs to the blacks, Mandela told the newspaper. Those with black skins and black hands
will determine how power is divided up and not the other way around.

The government never intended to release her husband and other prisoners, according to Mandela. They
will be fetched from Pollsmoor Prison by the people themselves.

Blacks are bitter because they have no other choice, they are compelled to hate, she said.

12593
CSO: 3401/134

66



Ms Booysen said Jeugkrag could not be
compared to the leftwing Afrikaans student
organisation Polstu which had a brief life in the
early 1980s. .

She said the unrest had turned some students to,
the right and others to the left. International
pressure tended to drive students left. However,
the NP still enjoyed about two-thirds of the sup-
port among RAU students.

Another academic who has done studies on
student politics is Ms Amanda Gouws, political
science lecturer at Stellenbosch who suggested the
strongest influence on the ASF was the AWB.

She agreed Jeugkrag was an NP front and
pointed out that a similar group had been formed
at Stellenbosch — the Populére Studente Alliansie
which was Stellenbosch’s version of Jeugkrag.

‘The National Union of South African Students
was recently prevented from forming a branch on
the Stellenbosch campus. The End Conscription
Campaign has formed a branch but she predicted
it, too, would have to close.

‘The background to the present struggle between
the ASF and Jeugkrag is the weak role which the
established Afrikaner ‘Studentebond (ASB) has
played. It opted to become a cultural body in order
to avoid the bitterness of Afrikaner politics.

As a result, political student bodies have been
formed to fight these battles in the open. ‘

‘Mr Van Schalkwyk, in addition to being ‘
chairman of Jeugkrag, is also president of the ASB.

/9317
cs0: 3400/1758

77



manufacturer), which furnished hydraulic equipment, cranes, pumps, rudder
mechanisms, electrical connectors and other accessories to ENATIP. Some of

the equipment installed in the boats acquired from Spain is from the Portuguese
firm, which acted as an intermediary with the fishing ministry. NAVIPA, which
also profited from the project, was created in 1976 as an outgrowth of the old
HIDROMEC organization that operated in Angola prior to its independence. Run
partly by businessmen who abandoned Angola after its liberation, NAVIPA 'manages
to get’ hold of' much of the material that the fishing ministry needs from its
markets." .

The JORNAL DE ANGOLA gives numbers: In 1983 imports made through NAVIPA were
worth 18 million kuanzas. It adds that, in the opinion of experts connected
with the international market for fishing equipment, Angola, using such third
parties, "paid too much for the equipment it bought," which is all the more
serious since it could have bought the equipment through direct means. So one
must ask: How is it that the Angolan delegation can insist that Spain is
obligated to inscribe NAVIPA's logo on the hydraulic equipment when NAVIPA is
a small firm with only modest production levels?

With regard to equipment, ENATIP itself has direct contact with Spanish sup-
pliers (LEO-MARGO and DUPSA) which never led to practical results for lack of
the green light from the fishing ministry where, with regard to the 37 boats,
there are indications of excessive bureaucracy.

Returning to the issue of intermediaries, the JORNAL DE ANGOLA is correct when
it points out that "the utilization of third parties in the relationship with
the Spanish shipbuilders had a negative effect upon Angolan monitoring of the
contract, bringing strange individuals into the negotiation of serious problems
for Angola; this caused a great deal of confusion for the builders because

they had no individuals permanently in place with whom to exchange information."
(In this regard, see the telex reproduced here, sent on 8 January 1986 by NAVIPA
to FLUIDMECANICA requesting payment of the agreed-upon commission).

And Now?

The boats are waiting at the Spanish docks. One must ask if those responsible
for the Angolan fishing sector have yet trained any Angolans who can comprise
the crews of the boats that have been built. Only a few months ago the possi-
bility existed that they would have to hire foreigners to do so. The boats
have quite modern equipment, but they can operate at 100 percent only with
technically trained personnel. The 5 years that have passed since 1981 should
have been more than sufficient to'resolve this problem; it is one that has

been defined as one of the major tasks in the national reconstruction of Angola.

The question remains: When will this situation that damages the image of the
People's Republic of Angola be resolved?

Each day that passes will make the problem'worse. In the CONSTRUNAVES letter
which we have reporduced it is said that, "One of the boats built at the GONDAN
shipyard suffered damage as a result of a severe storm in December 1984. A
million and a half pesetas are needed to repair it. The insurance company has
not yet dealt with the claim and the boat continues to await repairs."

13



deepest interests. We will very certainly discuss with them future actions
which affect ethnic relations, as well as steps which attempt to ensure
progress and stability of South Africa. I see it as an important congress.

Question: What is your opinion on attempts from certain directions to dismiss
Parliament as irrelevant? Do extra-parliamentary politics impose a danger on
the parliamentary democracy?

Answer: Revolutionary elements try all over. the world to break down
structures of authority, and South Africa is no exception in that respect. I
believe that South Africans generally have respect for democratic principles,
and if you have respect for those, parliamentary structures and institutions
are of importance. Democracy cannot function without them.

"Alternative is a Dictatorship"

Since the earliest ‘ times, South Africans have created and promoted
parliamentary institutions. In our attempts to broaden the democracy, we will
have to search for unique solutions to assure parliamentary structures and
means for deliberation. Thus I cannot accept that Parliament is irrelevant,
for the alternative to it is dictatorship, and South Africans won't be
interested in power cliques from whatever side.

Question: It is reported that one wing in the NP is becoming impatient with
the tempo of reform. Do you agree there is such a group and that there is
greater fluidity in the NP than in the past?

Answer: No indeed. I have been a member of this party for many years already
and I don't think there was ever a time that we talked more openly together
than now. I am not aware of any groups which want to push me ina certain
direction. I encourage frank discussions, and I don't think there is much
time for such groups to come into being. Naturally there has to be an
exchange of ideas in a party, and to get that there must also be differences
of opinion. But my experience is that when the party gives its decision,
teamwork is easily obtained.

I can understand that people like to divide the NP, for it is the only way to
weaken the government of the country. When you have weakened the NP and the
government, then what will come in its place? What is the alternative? It
doesn't look very comforting to me when I consider the alternatives.

Question: Many people see the planned National Statutory Council as the most
important instrument in solving the country's problems. How are your efforts
progressing in this regard?

Answer: We will shortly submit legislation to officially initiate that
council. I see that council not as a final result, but as an instrument for
consultation and deliberation with the leaders of our various population
groups. It is a constitutional means of giving shape to structures which are
to follow later.

72



The Mozambican delegation visited the Urafik textile factories and the Keko
pharmaceutical plant and the port of Dar-es-Salaam.

Health Minister Pascoal Mocumbi met with Tanzanian Prime Minister Joseph Warioba,
with whom he discussed bilateral relations.

During the meeting the Tanzanian chief of government emphasized the need for
the two countries to establish mechanisms to guarantee the realization of
the actions agreed upon.

Mocumbi is in Tanzania as chief of a delegation of experts who on Thursday
and Friday will take part in the work of the Mixed Commission for Cooperation

of the two countries.

Marioba also reportedly stated that the present spirit of cooperation and
good relations between Mozambique and Tanzania should be strengthened for
mutual benefit.

12942/7051
cso: 3442/160

30



However, in assessing South Africa's present economic situation, account
had to be taken of the fact that the stimulatory measures introduced in
the budget had not yet had their effect on the economy.

These included the increase in public service salaries, the reduction in
personal income taxes and the additional expenditure on unemployment,
training and the upgrading of living conditions.

"The business world should still benefit from these measures and their
stimulatory effects will still filter through the system and provide an
additional modest stimulation."

The government was watching the situation closely and was prepared to
consider further stimulatory measures, should this be judged necessary,
Mr Du Plessis said.

Turning to the theme of the congress~-productivity—-he said managements
had a key role to play in promoting this.

In any sound economic system a close relationship should exist between
increases in personnel remuneration and the rate of growth in productivity.

Wage and salary increases had outstripped inflation by a bigger margin
than productivity performance.

But, the minister added: "There may well be a socio-political rationale
for less-privileged groups to be given increases in their remuneration that
bear no relationship to their productivity, but the same argument can
obviously not be applied to other spheres."

/9604
cso: 3400/1742

101



In the session marking the official opening of the proceedings, however, the
leader of the province focused his lengthy speech on two problems affecting
the province, specifically fishing, which is inadequate for supplying the
population, and the judicial system with respect to legality and disputes
among various police authorities. .

In broaching this subject, General Chipande stated: "We find, moreover, that
NAVIPESCA [Mozambique Fishing Enterprise] continues to increase its production
of fishing boats, One aspect that should be given our attention in this regard
is the fact that serious shortages of fish continue to occur in contrast to the
number of fishing vessels in operation."

To illustrate this fact, Alberto Chipande notéd that during the colonial era
10 motorized vessels, 8 of which operated off the Penba coast, were in opera—
tion in the province.

The leader of Cabo Delgado Province also said. that presently there are 4,000
sailboats, as opposed to 1,000 during the colonial period, and 69 motorized
vessels, as opposed to 10 during the colonial era. Of these 69 vessels, 36
operate in the Bay of Pemba. Alberto Chipande asked: "What happens to the
fish that are caught and how is the supply of fuel allotted to fishing boat
owners being used?" Another aspect given particular attention in General
Chipande's address concerned the judicial system's organization, which took

up about 15 minutes of his speech. Alberto Chipande is concerned, in his
words, upon learning that the crackdown by the courts, which he had become
accustomed to seeing and which was seen during the campaign launched in Penba,
is seriously on the decline. As a result of these situations, Alberto Chipande
said there are many government and party officials who, having misappropriated
large amounts of money, have asked for pardons and have subsequently submitted
applications for purchasing shops, bakeries,: restaurants and agricultural units.

The provincial leader concluded: "The logical question to be asked is: where
do these individuals find thousands of meticals to purchase these goods? Does
this money come from their salaries? Let assembly members answer this."

Although the-assembly was particularly concerned about the political-military
and economic situation of the province, these two issues will likely be hotly
debated now that they have been raised and because of the keen interest they
aroused in the assembly.

The current situations of the various judicial structures will have to be
analyzed. According to Alberto Chipande, on several occasions the courts have
alleged that cases up for trial were poorly prepared by the PIC [Criminal
Investigation Police]. The PIC in turn asserts that it was pressured by the
police to arrest citizens hastily and the police accuse vigilance groups of
making unfounded accusations. "Meanwhile, the citizen remains in jail, without
being tried and without being sentenced, beyond the time limits allowed by law,"
Chipande stated.

According to its schedule, the Provincial Assembly will adjourn today in the
city of Penba, capital of Cabo Delgado Province.

11915/13045
CSO: 3442/180

37



It is supposed that this information was passed to the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs,
Dr. Chester Crocker, by Minister of Foreign Affairs Pik Botha, and that Crocker in turn informed the U.S.

President.

The continuing publicity accorded the divisions within the NP gives the impression that things are very
much being planned behind the scenes. The divisions are clearly being brought to a head, in part as a
result of pressure from leftist business circles.

12593
CSO: 3401/132

62



MONAMO returned last November to the international capital of terrorism, again
in a visit arranged by the Libya embassy in Lisbon. Maximo Dias and Faruk
once again led the MONAMO delegation and were now promised $12 million in

aid plus training facilities for some "fighters" still resisting in Setubal,
including former elite troops from the colonial war.

One last point has been reported as relevant to us by pro-Resistance Mozambican
refugee sources as “proof” of a MONAMO-FRELIMO connection: Dr Maximo Dias

was president of GUMO--one of the small parties promptly outlawed by FRELIMO

in 1974/75. Why was he able to stay free in Mozambique until 1978, and then
calmly leave, whereas the vice president (Dr Joana Simeao) and other party
officials were persecuted, emprisoned for life and shot? Maximo Dias is sup-
posed to have left Mozambique for Portugal in 1978, where he would start MONAMO,
with the sole result--allegedly--all through these years, of creating, as
intended by FRELIMO all along, the image of a divided opposition.

As for MONAMO's "fighters," an initial group of around 20 is supposed to be
leaving for Libya. It would not’ be surprising, according to some sources,

if they were integrated into the same camps where some specimens of Portuguese-
speaking terrorist groups, such as the self-styled "FP-April 25th" (April

25th Patriotic Forces), already are being trained, all as a further example

of “cooperation with the new Portuguese-speaking African countries." The
Tripoli-Maputo-Lisbon triangle seems to be completed once more.

13116/7051
CSO: 3442/166

33



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

; SOUTH AFRICA

MRS MANDELA THANKS USSR FOR ‘BROTHERLY SOLIDARITY'
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 23 Apr 86 p 5
[Article: "The Soviet Union Is a True Friend--Winnie Mandela. ‘South Attica Belongs to the Blacks' "]

[Text] She has been waiting for years to personally send her "militant salute” to the people of the Soviet
Union and to thank them for their "brotherly solidarity."

That is what Winnie Mandela, wife of ANC leader Nelson Mandela, recently told the Soviet news agency
Tass. A translation was later published by the British BBC radio.

Mandela recently returned to her house in Soweto after a court declared her restriction order invalid.
A Tass representative, Aleksandr Osipov, talked to Mandela on the telephone from Zimbabwe.

She said that she wanted to express all her thoughts and feelings right away, before the police broke off
the conversation. The Soviet Union, she said, “is the light of all our hope and aspirations. We have
learned constancy from the [one word missing in original] of the Soviet Union, ?which? [word missing in
original] serves as an example of loyalty toward international obligations. In the Soviet Union true power for
the people has been transformed from a dream into reality. The land of the Soviets is a true friend and ally
of all oppressed peoples struggling against the dark reactionary powers in the world.

According to the Tass report Mandela then said that "South African patriots" whole-heartedly support the
peaceful proposals of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

After Mandela recently returned to Soweto, she also granted a long conversation to the Johannesburg
afternoon newspaper THE STAR. Like Bishop Desmond Tutu shortly before, she too made a strong plea
for obligatory sanctions against South Africa. Total sanctions are necessary to save the lives that lan Smith
could have saved if "he had listened aboard HMS Tiger."

Whites invaded "our land” in 1652 and colonized the blacks, Mandela told the newspaper. Now the whites
are turning around and saying: “If you take over, you will have to guarantee the rights of minorities." The
lunacy of the whites!

“Their talk about reform is absolute rubbish; it is no longer the language we speak.

“Who are they (the whites) to prescribe how much power we, the majority in this country, will have? Who is
this minority group of white settlers to talk about the amount of power?"

65



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SHELL PLANS CONTINUED INVESTMENT--The Royal Dutch Shell Group of companies
has reaffirmed its opposition to South Africa's internal policies, but
believes its presence in South Africa is a positive influence for a
peaceful transition to a society acceptable to all its citizens. Ina
statement released in Cape Town, Shell said it did not know whether

such a peaceful transition was possible, but that it was worth trying
for. The statement said the group's policies would be geared for
strengthening its position in the energy business in South Africa. Shell
said that, although the recent drastic fall in oil prices had demanded a
reexamination of the group's investment programs for 1986, capital and
exploration expenditures would still be around $8,000 million. [Text]
[Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 16 May 86] /9604

cso: 3400/1742 - END -

102



floodgate for abnormal situations will be used. Two sluiceways will be installed
along the walls separating the floodgate from the earthen dam for total drainage
of the reservoir and removal of solid material accumulating next to the concrete
structure. These sluiceways will also be used to regulate and eject from the
river the water to be used for irrigating land downstream from the dam.

Water for water supplies will be collected and regulated using a selective in-
take, with retention at different levels, installed along the right wall and
above the sluiceway.

In the present phase, there are three temporary openings in the concrete dam
to permit passage of the river until the project is completed. These openings
are located more or less at the river's present level, i.e., far below the
sluices that will be used after the project is completed.

Main Participants

In addition to the Mozambican Government, through the National Directorate of
Water Resources (Water Utilization Control Unit), the main participants in the
construction of the Pequenos Libombos Dam are: civil engineering-~Strade Coop
Mozambico (Italy); provision and assembly of equipment--SOREFAME (Portugal);
design--Hidroporjecto (Portugal); supervision and inspection--Coyne et Billier
(France), Engerio (Brazil), OMAN (Portugal), with subcontracting of COTOP
[Office of Technical Consultation for Public Works] (Mozambique); laboratories—
Civil Engineering Laboratory of Mozambique, with support from the National

Civil Engineering Laboratory of Lisbon (Portugal).

11915/13045
CSO: 3442/180

43



when you hear the signal." The spokesperson for the Tembisa Town Council,
W.A. Relihan said the article was placed in the newsletter "for the benefit"
of the residents. "I am not aware that by doing so, the council is in fact
recruiting informers," Mr Relihan told THE NEW NATION. East Rand police
publicity officer Major C. Liebenberg confirmed that police are using

such a tactic of getting information. Asked about the success of the new
method, he could only say: "We are treating the calls as very confiden-

tial." [Text] [Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 9-21 May 86 p 3]
/9317

CSO: 3400/1758

85



According to the newspaper KILAMBA (a weekly published in the city of Lobito)
which published this information from an interview that the director of the
Lobito’ Port granted the Regional Broadcasting Station, fertilizers, herbicides,
basic necessities, and raw materials destined for the Huambo industrial park
figure among the merchandise held in the Lobito Port.

13007/7051
cso: 3442/135



NAMIBIA

Police Action on Meetings Termed Imminent
(THE NAMIBIAN, 2 May 86).....seecceecccecsctccsccecceeeccs

Only Funerals, Church Services, by Rajah Munamava
Overreaction Seen, by Gwen Lister

Protest From Second Tier on Proclamation AG 8
(Jean Sutherland; THE ADVERTISER, 7 May 86)...-eseceeceves

SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

DIE AFRIKANER Reports on Dissensions Within NP
(DIE AFRIKANER, 16, 23 Apr: 86)...ccecccecccccccseccecccces

Fred du Plessis "Deeply Involved'
Further on Dissensions

Marais Views on CP, HNP Unity
(DIE AFRIKANER, 23 Apr 86)....cseccecccrccccccceccccvceses

Mrs Mandela Thanks USSR for ‘Brotherly Solidarity"
(Winnie Mandela; DIE AFRIKANER, 23 Apr 86)....eeeceeeeeees

Possible Changes in President's Functions Examined
(ALE Ries; DIE BURGER, I May 86)....secceccecccccecceccers

P.W. Botha on National Party, Political Situation
(DIE BURGER, 1 May 86)....sceccececcseccceccncsscccsceeece

New Youth Organizations Battle for Minds of Young Afrikaners
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11. May 86)......s+seeeeeee

UCASA Issues Statement on Reform Policies
(SAPA, 15 May 86)...cceeccccccccccccsccvccnvsccccceveseees

NAFCOC Head Asks Foreign Firms To Help Blacks
(SAPA, 15 May 86)....esseeecccecceeecess

Profile of CP Founder Member, National Executive Member
(THE NEW NATION, 9-21 May 86)...

Briefs

Right-Wing Groups Refuse Interviews
Paramilitary Skills

New Line for Police Informers

56

56

59

60

60

61

63

65

67

69

76

78

80


JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

PHASE OF PEQUENOS LIBOMBOS DAM CONSTRUCTION CONCLUDED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Mar 86 p 1
[Article by Atanasio Dimas]

{Text] One of the most important construction phases of the Pequenos Libombos
Dam was completed yesterday morning with the diversion of the Umbeluzi River,
which was forced to flow through the dam's floodgate, already in an advanced
stage of construction. The "order" to divert the river was given by President
Samora Machel at approximately 10:30 am. According to technicians assigned to
the project, this diversion will. not affect the capital's water supply since
the operation has been designed so that, even with a slight drop in the river's
volume for a few short minutes downstream from the dam, its flow will not be
interrupted.

However, this operation does not mean that work on the Pequenos Libombos Dam
is complete, for as Construction and Water Minister Julio Carrilho said, much
remains to be done. The project is scheduled to be completed by December,
according to technicians who confirmed Minister Julio Carrilho's statement that
"we have to complete the project before the flood season."

President Samora Machel arrived at the Pequenos Libombos Dam shortly before
10:00 am. ‘Already present were various guests, including Mozambican and fore-
ign workers on the project, diplomats from countries involved in the project,
and others.

The ceremony began with an explanation by the project's director, engineer
Rogerio White, on the dam's viewing site. As the name itself indicates, the
viewing site is the location from which a large part of the area occupied by
the project can be seen, with the juncture between the dam and concrete flood-
gate structure directly facing the viewing site, located about 1 kilometer

lower.

The viewing site is located on the right bank of the Umbeluzi River. Thus by
standing on it, the river's course can be viewed for as far as the eye can see,
as well as the imposing concrete floodgate structure at the same time.

Until yesterday, the Umbeluzi River passed to the right of the floodgate, be—
tween the floodgate and the extreme western part of the earthen dam on the

40



largest and most influential Afrikaans press companies which furnished an
important contribution to the freedom struggle and to the Afrikaner in
particular. Therefore I would say that the printed media have a role, but
they should not see everything from the point of view of sensation and
satisfaction of financial needs. They ought to see themselves as servants of
a developing South Africa, and although they will be faced with those
electronic media, I believe that the printed media also have a role and that
they also radiate inspiration.

Question: The far-right accuses you of steering the NP in a new direction and
of selling out the white man, while the left-radicals are dismissing your
reform initiatives as being cosmetic in nature and too late. What is your
point of view on that?

Answer: One should always take into account criticism which is based on
facts, but I would say that to speak of treason is such utter nonsense that it
should not even be answered. My government and I are standing in the firing
line for South Africa. Every day we have to deal with the enemies of our
country. Every day. we have to defend South Africa and try to preserve its
stability. If other people think I am doing wrong, then the responsibility
rests with them to find acceptable alternatives. Iam not aware of the
existence of such alternatives, and obviously most reasonable Afrikaners don't
know about them either. ,

"Radicalism Can Ruin the Country"

The struggle in South Africa is against radicalism. Radicalism can ruin the
country, whether it comes from the right or the left, for there are no more
intolerant people than those who advocate one form or another of radicalism.
They can satisfy a small group of people, but a country cannot survive on
radicalism. A country must be built on balance and it cannot veer either to
the left or to the right.

Question: Lately propaganda has been made about the fact that no election
will be held this year. One also claims that you do not have a mandate for
the current initiatives of the government.

Answer: The constitution places the proclamation of an election in the hands
of the state president. People who talk so lightly about elections, ought to
wait until I have made my decision. We do have the right to continue
governing according to the constitution, but you will remember that with the
referendum there was also continuous clamor as to when the referendum would
take place. When it was held, it was a landslide and we were supported with a
majority of two thirds. Perhaps all the din is only the voices of people who
whistle when they pass by a cemetery at night.

Question: In August the NP will hold a federal congress. What is the
objective of the congress, and will you submit important policy matters to the
congress?

Answer? From time to time we have to inform our party associates and party
leaders and deliberate with them on matters which affect South Africa's

71



SIPRS*SSA~86«061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NAFCOC HEAD ASKS FOREIGN FIRMS TO HELP BLACKS
MB150942 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0925 GMT 15 May 86

[Text] Cape Town, 15 May (SAPA)--Instead of establishing new foundations
it would be better for foreign firms to help black people through their
own existing organisations, the president of the National African
Federated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (NAFCOC), Dr Sam Motsuenyane,
said in Cape Town yesterday.

Dr Motsuenyane, who is also chairman of the African Back, was speaking
to the South African-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry on the needs
and aspirations of black businessmen.

He said the time for foreign firms operating in this country to sit on
the sidelines was over.

"You are expected to play ‘some vole to bring change."

But he had been surprised that the response of some foreign companies to
this situation was to create trusts "instead of coming forward to fund
existing organisations to engender development from among the black
communities themselves."

Foreign firms should help black people to achieve certain things for
themselves instead of creating paternalistic structures. Bodies such as

NAFCOC welcomed assistance and advice.
Dr Motsuenyane said black people were "capitalists without capital."

There was a need for more black managers to be trained. "The managers
of the future will have to be both black and white, with a preponderance
of black."

He said one of the things on which a company would be judged in the future
was whether it had fitted in with the apartheid structure or had worked

for its elimination.

80



FBIS

JPRS-SSA-86-061
12 JUNE 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

|
PISTREUTION STATEMENT A | |

Approved for posite rivany |
Disttibution Unitraited i

DTIC QUALITY swEryTED 3

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

seranucen ay |

ATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA, 22161

07) b260860)

XX


Journalists’ Sojourn With UNITA: Recounted
(John D'Oliveira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 4 May 86)...

UNITA Sells Timber to RSA To Boost War Funds
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 May 86)..-.seeeeeccceeseee

Briefs
Rally Held in Ambuila
FRG Secret Service Cooperation
Neighbors" Councils Created
ANGOP-Beijing Accord
MPLA Delegation Visits East Europe

MOZAMBIQUE

Cape Verde President Visits Corumana, Pequenos Libombos
(NOTICIAS, 10 Mar 86)....cccsceccecrecccvccrcccceececeeces

Cooperation Agreement Signed With Tanzania
(NOTICIAS, 10 Mar 86)...

Frelimo's Dealings With Opposition Movements Discussed
(L. Waldemar Matos; O DIA, 11 Mar 86)......cseescccecccees

Machel's Accusations of Lisbon Support for Renamo Criticized
(Editorial; DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 21 Mar 86).............00.

Cabo Delgado Provincial Assembly Discusses Security Issues
(Rogerio Sitoe; NOTICIAS, 25 Mar 86).....essseesccccccccce

Fondo Says Security Situation in Inhambane Improving
(Estacio Baptista; NOTICIAS, 25 Mar 86).....seeeecscccecece

Phase of Pequenos Libombos Dam Construction Concluded
(Atanasio Dimas; NOTICIAS, 26 Mar 86).....-.-seeeeeeesoeee

Flight of Foreign Capital, Black Market Examined
(EXPRESSO, 19 Apr 86)....ecccccccccccccccccccesceesssseses

Niassa Province Faces Food, Clothing, Fuel Shortages
(O DIA, 20 Apr 86)... cece cece cece nec c cece cence ccceeccecees

Reporter Analyzes Sociopolitical Changes Since Independence
(Antonio Pacheco; EXPRESSO, 25 Apr 86)....seeeeccecsecsoes

Briefs
CARE Donation

18

23

24

24

24

25

25

26

29

31

34

36

38

40

44

46

48

55


President Aristedes Pereira arrived at the capital of our country late Saturday
morning on a working visit, which ended today, in the framework of the tradi-
tional relations of friendship and cooperation that exist between the Republic
of Cade Verde and the People's Republic of Mozambique. The Cape Verde chief
of state was accompanied by the foreign winister, Silvino da Luz, in addition
to other important individuals.

During his stay in our country, President Aristides Pereira held informal
talks with the Mozambican chief of state on matters of mutual interest, espe-
cially with respect to southern Africa, among other international questions.

12942/7051
CSO: 3442/160

28



JPRS«SSA~86+061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ECC SPOKESMAN REACTS TO MINISTER'S CRITICISM
MB150650 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2107 GMT 14 May 86

[Text] Cape Town, 14 May (SAPA)-~The End Conscription Campaign [ECC]
believed the government was preparing to take harsher action against the
organization but this would be a "very grave mistake," an ECC spokesman
Said in Cape Town tonight.

He was responding to a statement yesterday in the House of Representatives
by the Minister of Defense General Magnus Malan, that South Africa could
not allow organizations like the ECC to break down the country's ability
to fight communism.

"Vicious attacks on the ECC will not remove the moral dilemma faced by
thousands of young South Africans who are called on to fight in this army...
We appeal to the government not to attack the ECC but rather to address

the root causes," the spokesman said.

Gen Malan's statement came after "a concerted campaign to discredit the
ECC," he said. The government had long used the strategy of linking any
opposition to itself or its policies to "some real or imagined threat to
the South African nation."

"Instead of creating bogies, the government should confront the serious
and sincere reasons for the increased opposition to conscription.

It is the policy of using the army to put down internal opposition to
apartheid that has fueled support for the campaign to end conscription.

The government would do better to search for political solutions which
reach the heart of the problem than to launch attacks on an organization
such as the ECC, which does no more than reflect the problem," the
spokesman said.

1/9738
cso: 3400/1707

87



JIPRS«SSA=86«061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PROFILE OF CP FOUNDER MEMBER, NATIONAL EXECUTIVE MEMBER
Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 9-21 May 86 p 7

[Text]

SHE is a founder member of the Conservative
Party, serving on its national executive, but she
claims she is not,a racist.
She does not
believe that South’
Africa will wake up - so
one morning with a mone on pts cP ‘And, as a mother
black government. Transvaal executive ‘with one son, she
But at the same time, and of the national obviously doesn't

she does not want to executive ; want that to happen.
live under President “We are not racist. | "This country has
PW Botha’s “dic- A racist is a person never tasted democ-
tarsi briell who believes that he’ racy and, it shall

Mrs abrie is superior never do ‘so -- SO
Graser, 47, was born maces. ‘0 other long as peo ple
in Australia and “We don't believe | imagine that this
came to South Africa in that," she says country can be a
in 1960, after marry- with conviction. happy, homogeneous
ing a South African “We believe in pol- society," says Mrs
in Canada. Five itical equality through Graser.
years later, she | Separate develop- "Each race must
renounced her Aus- ; ment." . keep to_ itself
tralian birthright and ! | Unlike many politically, But must
took u South "foreigners", she work together eco-
African citizenship. does not believe nomically."

Four years ago she South Africa will one Strange as it may
was one of the day have a black sound, Mrs Graser
founder members of government, believes that should
the Conservative "It won't happen,” | the CP take power in
Party (CP) -- the all- she says. South Africa, the
white Political party, "There would be a first thing they would
viewed by most as, terrible -power strug- consider doing is to
racist, because of it's gle between the! nationalise all the
belief in strict “United Democratic mineral wealth of this
apartheid policies. Front and Inkatha." country.

. 82



IPRS“SSA~86«061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

VARIOUS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES IN HUAMBO NOTED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Feb 86 p 3

[Text] A basic course on political supremacy was concluded recently in the
municipality of Tchicala Tcholoanga. It was attended by all the members of
the youth party of that area and was conducted by Manuel Avelino Francisco
Pinto, second secretary of the JMPLA-Youth Party of that municipality.

The course featured classes on the statutes of the JMPLA-Youth Party, regula—
tions applicable to the rank and file organizations and sessions on the study

of politics.

The sessions were concluded by the coordinator of DORGAN of the Municipal
Committee of the Tchicala Tcholoanga party.

Meanwhile, a meeting was held recently in the municipality of Mungo for the
purpose of indoctrinating the new members from the rural sector. The meeting
was conducted by Felipe Abilio, member of JMPLA's Municipal Committee and
second municipal secretary of Mungo.

In addition, a meeting was held in the Comandante Bandeira commune. Its purpose
was to engage the youth who compose the rural youth brigades in the duties of
defense and national reconstruction. The meeting was conducted by Abilio
Cativa and Fernando Ricardo, both members of the JMPLA and political teachers

in that area.

Moreover, a visit was recently made to the Cuban unit stationed at the Albano
Machado Airport by members of the Municipal Secretariat of the JMPLA-Youth
Party to exchange experiences in the patriotic sphere.

The visit was sponsored by Antonio Machado, member of the Provincial Secretariat
and first municipal secretary of the Huambo youth party. It was terminated
with cultural and recreational activities.

8568/13045
CSO: 3442/169

10



Mozambique had placed so much hope, have thus far been. confined to’contracts
with American companies in the area of petroleum exploration, the “interest
expressed by the South African company, Rennies, in the areaof ports and
shipping, the Anglo-American project to recover the cashew nut factories in
Angoche, and the agreement signed by Lonrho, creating Lonmoc.

In the other instances, the great proposals mentioned enthusiastically by the
local press have been limited ‘to projects with little credibility, if not
adventurist ones. This holds true of certain Pakistani multinationals in the
import-export area, or Portuguese business firms, Portuguese in name only,
which propose to make progress in the civil construction area.

The Colonial Background and That of the Regime

Any impartial observer of the Mozambican situation, 11 years after the country's
independence, would certainly not fail to emphasize the difficulties resulting
from a complicated process of a-moveméent from a colonial regime to the construc-
tion of a new society in which there has, specifically, been a transfer of
powers without a suitable transition.: But the burden of all this background

is one thing, and the mistakes and liablities of the regime established in
Maputo are something else. For example, in’ the agrarian matter.

"We persist in talking about a working class, and we relegate the majority ‘of

the’ people, the peasants, to a secondary position." Comments that have’been’
reiterated since. FRELIMO's Fourth Congress in 1983. But nothing‘has ‘changed.

After a recent visit to Mozambique, the French sociologist Claude Meillassoux,
would conclude: "The behavior of .the Mozambican leaders is the same as that of
all bureaucrats, whether they are Socialists or colonial officials." The same
methods and the same results: destruction of family production, regrouping of

the population, and collective "machambas" (granges). :

And the break with the peasantry, over 80 percent of the population (11 million
inhabitants in all, distributed over 800,000 square kilometers) has been
accompanied by cultural attacks and ‘downgrading of traditional values. This
situation, which the Mozambican president euphemistically terms the "obstruc-
tion in family production," is. compounded by mistakes in organization, bureau-
cratic centralism, the break in the commercial systems and, to make things
worse, the droughts and floods: in short, an exhausted country.

The Phenomenon) of ‘the War (s)

Hovering over this picture there is, meanwhile, the war, or rather, the wars.

The conflict has reached all 10 of the country's provinces, making any travel
over 30 kilometers from the main urban centers impracticable. The methods
vary: ranging from acts of mere looting or violence perpetrated upon the
population to sabotaging guerrilla action’or urban terrorism. In terms of
sabotage, the targets are the economic projects, based on the following
priorities: agricultural (particularly. food-producing) complexes, economic.

52



His study found that almost 35 percent had been shot more than once and
6 percent were wounded 5 times or more. Most of the deaths were caused by
shotgun fire.

A spokesman for the police public relations division in Pretoria said that
all the deaths referred to by Dr Duflou were the subject of inquest pro-
ceedings and courts would have to make findings on the deaths.

"In a riot situation it is easy for people to sustain wounds in the back
as more than one person may be firing at one time and if a person turns to
run, although one policeman may stop firing the second may not. To be shot
in the back in such a situation is not unusual," he said.

19738
CSO: 3400/1707

94



"Nothing Against Black Participation"
Question: Do you anticipate the possibility of Blacks in the cabinet?

Answer: The current constitution does not make provision for that, but I have
no objection to sitting in a meeting in which one deliberates together with
decent, civilized black leaders.

Question: Do you believe that the Commonwealth group which visited South
Africa earlier this year can indeed play a key role in easing tensions,
amongst others as intermediary between the government and organizations such
as the ANC and PAC?

Answer: Our standpoint is that well-meaning groups or individuals abroad, who
want to help promote peaceful coexistence in South Africa, are welcome. But
we have always taken the position that foreign individuals and groups are not
welcome if they interfere in our internal affairs in a prescriptive manner.
If foreign’ groups and individuals want to help discourage perpetrators of
violence in South Africa from conducting their futile struggle, they are also
welcome. All the European statesmen know that, as well as the British prime
minister and the American president.

Question: Are you opposed in principle to negotiations with the non-communist
wing of the ANC?

Answer: I stated in parliament that I realize that the ANC consists of two
groups--the Marxist group which currently dominates the ANC, but there might
also be individuals or smaller groups that are not communist. For them the
course is clear: reject violence, come and participate in the constitutional
discussions, and no action will be taken against them. But there can be no
discussion with perpetrators of violence and Marxists who want to overthrow
this government and turn South Africa into a bloodbath. There is only one
language they understand.

Question: What are your impressions of your visit to Swaziland and the
conversations you had there with other Southern African leaders? Can new
bridges be built between South Africa and Black Africa?

Answer: My visit to Swaziland was a success in more than one respect. The
ties of good neighborliness between South Africa and Swaziland were reaffirmed
and strengthened. The government and the people of Swaziland received us in a
friendly manner. The discussions which took place at various levels with
various leaders present there were successful. Of course I did not talk to
everyone present there, because it was not possible, but I do think that what
we did in the short time there was in South Africa's interest.

Question: It was your task to carry out the duties of an executive state
president. Has that function now been well established, and do you anticipate
changes in the future, for example on the role of the state president in party
politics?

73



JPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL'S ACCUSATIONS OF LISBON SUPPORT FOR RENAMO CRITICIZED
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Mar 86 p 26
[Editorial: "Exaggerated Acusations"]

[Text] During the II National Conference for Mozambican Youth, Samora Machel
appealed for a struggle against the "imperialist forces" which, he accused,
“have one of their bases in Lisbon." It is the second time in 3 months that
the president of Mozambique has made such an accusation against Portugal.

The first, it will be remembered, was at the end of last year, during a politi-
cal rally in Mocuba, a small town in central Mozambique, and the accusation
considering the language used, had quite a negative impact in Lisbon. Machel
stated on that occasion that Lisbon was "the capital of armed banditry.”
Although “armed bandits" is the officially adopted term and the accusation

in question was made in the volatile atmosphere of a rally, it cannot be said
that Machel's words were specially noted for their correctness and prudence.

Admittedly, adversaries of the Samora Machel regime, or elements related to
RENAMO, are active in Lisbon. But everyone knows, too, that in a lawful demo-
cratic state like Portugal, it is very difficult to control or to suppress
some of these groups. It is known that Portuguese authorities are on the
alert and trying to neutralize any actions that might upset their relations
with the African countries, specifically Angola and Mozambique, but cannot
override the constitution and democratic laws. Can it be that, just because
some communiques have been issued or some figures hostile to the Mozambican
regime have passed through, Lisbon should be classified as the "capital of
armed banditry"?

It is to be expected that Samora Machel and his government try, by every means
at their disposal, to neutralize, on the international scene, the effects

of their enemies' propaganda. There's nothing wrong with that, but this must
be taken into consideration in a calm evaluation of the Mozambican president's
disagreeable statements in their true light. At any rate, they seem to us

to be excessive and unjust.

Now, speaking to his country's youth, the Mozambican president comes back

to the same note. Could it be that the existence of the alleged RENAMO “spokes-
men” in Lisbon is endangering Mozambique? Or couldn't the difficulties faced

34



JPRS«SSA~86061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

NIASSA PROVINCE FACES FOOD,. CLOTHING, FUEL SHORTAGES

Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 20 Apr 86 p 10

[Text] The population of Niassa, the largest province in Mozambique, is facing
a serious famine and nakedness crisis, with districts wherein people "are
clothed" with tree bark. ‘They eat without salt, for lack of this product, and
the train which left Nampula bound for Lichanga on 26 March had not yet reached
its destination as of Friday. Under normal circumstances, this trip does not
take as long as 12 hours. By plane, it takes 45 minutes.

“Everything is lacking here," comment the residents of Lichinga, the capital
city of Niassa.

The fuel shortage and the action being taken by RENAMO [Mozambican National
Resistance] are the leading causes of the decline in agricultural production,
which has affected the state, cooperative, and family sectors.

During 1983, in connection with the famous "Operation Production," wherein those
considered unproductive (without.the excuse of a regular job) were sent to the
provinces, several thousand arrived in Lichinga without the proper organization.
Many of them starved to death, others fled to Malawi, while some joined RENAMO.
The RENAMO group which attacked a vehicle heading for Unango in 1984, killing
its occupants, including eight cooperants from Communist Germany and five
Mozambicans, consisted mainly of these unproductive persons who had arrived in
connection with "Operation Production."

Niassa Is No Longer the Granary

One resident claimed: "Niassa is no longer the country's granary, as it was
before." And he added: "Our province is undergoing some difficult times, and
we don't know that will become of us during the coming months."

The city of Lichinga, which had normally been supplied by the family farms
(small plots) is experiencing the greatest crisis ever this year; a crisis that
is attributed primarily to the action of RENAMO which forced the people to
abandon the land for cultivation between 1984 and 1985.

At the present time, there are sizable RENAMO infiltrations in the localities
of Nzizi (in Muembe District), MuiteteriandMetarica (in Cuamba District), Maua,

46



we are observing tomatoes and cabbage spoiling, and thrown out in the garbage."
There has been a rumor in Mozambique claiming that some private producers or
middlemen withhold or destroy products as a’means of guaranteeing high prices,
often claiming attacks by the "armed bandits" (as RENAMO is termed in the
official vocabulary).

Decontrol ‘Forces’

Later, decontrol of prices forced the authorities to "update" the labor legis-
lation, clearly defining "the rights and obligations of workers, as well as
of employing entities." In any event, in the private sector foreign firms and
solidarity organizations are operating as if there were no labor legislation
in existence. Workers in most instances have no guarantee and accept indirect
types of payment, suchas the food ration, or facilities for purchases at
Interfranca, the chain of free trade shops in which the products are purchased
with dollars or "rands."

Mozambicans have in their hands right now a report from the World Bank contain-
ing a list of suggestions for measures to organize the economy on a sound
footing. There is the example of the always postponed devaluation of the
currency aimed at making the metical's exchange parity realistic. On. the
black market, the Portuguese escudo is purchased for 800 meticals (officially,
it is quoted at 0.2531 meticals); and the dollar, which is officially worth

40 meticals, is in fact worth 40 times more).

The reprivatization of certain sectors of the manufacturing industry and the
large state foreign trade intermediaries is another measure under way, or
appearing on the horizon. Meanwhile, the authorities are resorting to very
individual methods of leading toward reprivatization. "Offensive II" and
“Offensive Strike Again" are some of the slogans used to refer to the new
organizational political offensive. Machel is participating in this operation
with particular intensity: factories are being visited,. work methods are being
criticized, dialogues are being held with business owners, public administra-
tors, workers, and consumers. In the case of some state production units,
certain workers are merely laid off and "channeled," for example, toward
agricultural jobs. A considerable number of enterprises run by the state
have been closed after these visits. Some small private firms have been
praised, and supported. Essentially, party leaders are using traditional
ways of acting to "break" what is bad. Scenarios are repeated; but now,

the goals are different. An attempt is being made to create the conditions
for internal mobilization that will make it possible to enact one of the
principal measures suggested by the combination of IMF/WB: the accelerated
reprivatization of the manufacturing industry sector.

Thwarted Hopes

However, despite the indications and signs of change, foreign investment has
not responded positively. The large investments that were metitioned, in which

51



and.Mecanhelas. RENAMO virtually controls the locality of Muiteteri and is
preventing normal traffic on the main routes. The communication between the
districts is carried out with military convoys.

On 8 April, a RENAMO group attacked the village of Nzizi, nearly 40 kilometers
from Lichinga, burning a vehicle which belonged to the DIMAC (Construction
Machinery Distributing) enterprise, and seizing some military equipment. A
well-known resident of Majune District said that the RENAMO members are quite
often seen on the farms.

Owing to the rebels' activity, combined with the fuel shortage, the Matala
state enterprise, which tilled 1,000 hectares, cultivated only 200; and the
Unango agricultural enterprise, which was also supposed to. cultivate 1,000
hectares, was confined to 300; while the famous project involving the 400,000
hectares has not yet managed to exceed 400.

2909
CSO: 3442/207

47



JPRS“SSA*86~061

12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS BATTLE FOR MINDS OF YOUNG AFRIKANERS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 May 86 p 15

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

THE bitter broedertwis in Afrikanerdom has
reached the school playground and the university
campus where the fight is now on for the control of
the minds of young Afrikaners.

The newly formed pro-reformist Jeugkrag
organisation has taken the fight to school level as
well as fighting campus right-wingers.

Right-wing students whose sympathy s lie with
the Conservative Party, the Herstigte Nasionale
Party and the Afrikaner Weerstandbeweging
(AWB) support thie Afrikaner Studentefront (ASF):

It is notable that their insignia has become the
“odal” sign long favoured by some extreme
right-wingers.

The ASF is led by Mr Gerdus Kruger who
condemns the multiracial Jeugkrag and campaigns
to keep Afrikaans universities white.

Mr Marthinus van Schalkwyk (26) chairman of
Jeugkrag, told The Sunday Star his organisation

had Standard 9 and Matric members in addition to |

supporters on Afrikaans campuses.

Jeugkrag had support among non-student youth

as well, he said. The age limit is 18 to 35.

Mr Van Schalkwyk, an MA student in political
science at Rand Afrikaans University, said it was
untrue to say Jeugkrag was simply a vehicle for
the National Party.

Members of the Progressive Federal Party

would feel at home although he drew the line at the :

United Democratic Front.

He said Jeugkrag was a few steps ahead of the
NP and cited a few examples.

Firstly, Jeugkrag is multiracial.

Asked just how multiracial, Mr van Schalkwyk
said 30 people of colour attended its formation and
one was on the executive. He declined to reveal his
identity to protect him from intimidation.

Second, Jeugkrag wants one central Parliament
for all South Africans and, third, Jeugkrag is
examining various apartheid laws such as those
dealing with group areas, separate amenities and
race classification. But the rhetoric seems to echo
that of the NP. For example, Jeugkrag is prepared
to talk to the ANC only if it renounces violence and
cuts links with the SA Communist Party. This is in
line with the Government.

Jeugkrag values highly its links with the Inkatha
Youth Brigade although Mr Van Schalkwyk said
his organisation wished to talk to other black
groups as well.

Mr Van Schalkwyk said that in the past
Afrikaans students had been uninformed and
right-wingers such as the ASF had enjoyed a high
profile. But Jeugkrag was now organising
moderate students and this resulted in its victory
over the ASF at a recent mass meeting at the
University of Pretoria, the most right-wing campus
in the country.

“Some Aftikaans academics believe Jeugkrag has
simply become the NP’s student vehicle.

Ms Susan Booysen, a RAU political science
lecturer who is leading a project to analyse student
political trends at RAU, said Jeugkrag followed the
NP closely.

She said that by declaring itself multiracial,
Jeugkrag was motivated by its desire to improve
contacts with Inkatha youth. She said it was
unlikely that students of other races would join in
any numbers.



JPRS«SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POLL FINDS URBAN WHITE SUPPORT FOR P.W. BOTHA
MB141649 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1642 GMT 14 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 14 May (SAPA)--Despite speculation that the state
president, Mr P.W. Botha, might step down sometime this year, a survey

has shown two out of three white urban South Africans believe he should stay
on.

The Gallup poll was conducted on 1000 white adults living in metropolitan
areas by the Markinor research group. The survey found that 68 percent of
those asked believe Mr Botha should stay on, compared with 28 percent who
favor his resignation.

His strongest backing is among English speaking whites, among the more
affluent and among older adults. A total of 70 percent of the English
respondents believe he should stay on, compared with 66 percent of
Afrikaners.

Support for Mr Botha increases from 67 percent for the lowest income group
to 75 percent for those earning the most. And from 64 percent for those
under age 24 to 73 percent for those over 50.

Women in the home (71 percent) are more strongly in favor of Mr Botha
remaining than either men (68 percent) or working women (63 percent).

In Durban, 71 percent of the respondents supported Mr Botha. In the PWV
[Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging] area the percentage was 70 while 64
percent of Cape Town residents agree. Port Elizabeth residents and those
in East London were fairly evenly divided at 56 percent in favor of his
staying on.

/9738
cso: 3400/1707

86



right bank. The river was diverted specifically to make it possible for this
earthen dam to be extended to connect with the floodgate.

The floodgate has been equipped with three openings through which the river
will flow for the time being, until construction of the earthen dam on either
side of this structure has been completed.

Various technical resources were used to divert the river, including heavy
trucks, earthmoving equipment and graders. After President Samora Machel gave
the "order," a channel was opened that routed part of the river's flow from
its former original course to the floodgate. This channel runs a distance of
approximately 200 meters from the river's former course to the concrete struc—
ture. The channel was opened by earthmoving equipment at 10:30 am. and 4 minutes
later the water had already reached the concrete structure. Stated more pre-
cisely, during this time the river followed two courses—-one that it had al-
ready been following, which was not its natural course, since the river had
already been diverted once when the project began, and another through the
floodgate.

When the water began to flow from the detention basin and even before it

rejoined the river 200 meters further, trucks loaded with stone and gravel

began blocking up the river's former course while the water began descending
through the floodgate. Thus since yesterday, approximately 5 cubic meters of
water per second from the Umbeluzi River have been passing through the

Pequenos Libombos Dam's floodgate. The next phase of the project will involve
extending the earthen dams on the left and right sides of the concrete structure.

President Samora Machel, who was accompanied by Education Minister Graca Machel,
Construction and Water Minister Julio Carrilho, Mineral Resources Minister
Magid Osman, State Inspector Raimundo Pachinuapa, Maputo Provincial Governor
Jose Moiane and Maputo Provincial Military Commander Salvador Mutumuque,
expressed admiration for the entire project, commenting here and there about
the significance of the undertaking.

He then made a lengthy tour of the installations, conversing with Mozambican
and foreign workers assigned to the project.

The chief of state later took part in a celebration hosted by the project's
director, which was attended by all Mozambican and foreign workers in addition

to invited guests.

During his tour of the installations, President Samora Machel pointed out man's
significant role in harnessing and making practical use of nature, noting that
it was the strength of man's will that made it possible to divert the Umbeluzi
River from its course for the benefit of mankind. He praised all of the pro-
ject's workers, urging them to continue with the same self-denial and deter—
mination in constructing this important project.

Significant Social and Economic Impact

When completed, the Pequenos Libombos Dam will have a significant social and
economic impact not only on the area in which it is located, but also on the
city of Maputo.

41



JPRS-SSA-86-061
12 JUNE 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Savimbi Warns Zambia of Reprisals at Press Conference
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 6 May 86)....c.ccccccceeeeeeee 1

UNITA Urges Zambia Not To Provide Attack Base
(THE CITIZEN, 13 May 86)...... ee ee ees

Engineer Describes Lobito Port Difficulties
(JORNAL DE: ANGOLA, .7. Jan 86)....cccccecceccccccceeeeees oe 5

Benguela's Fishing Industry Production, Difficulties Discussed
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Jan 86).....ccceececcececesscscccece 7

Minister Van-Dunem Visits Malongo, Condemns U.S. Policy
(Joao Pokongo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Feb 86)....secceeereeee 8

Various Political Activities in Huambo Noted
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 20 Feb 86).....cccccscccccccccsereceees 10

Angolan Fishing Boats Rot in Spanish Port
(AFRICA JORNAL, 19 Mar 86)...cceeceeeccccenccesccccceseees Ad

Soviet Trade Union Delegation Visits Angola
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 21 Mar 86)....cccccccccccccccceececeees 15

Government Issues Draft Call for Youths Born in 1968
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 21 Mar 86).....csesecceccccecccrcvecees 16

Visit to Oil Installations Described
(Samuel Cunha; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Mar 86)............... 17



Marais repeated that he does not view the policy differences between the parties as impossible to
overcome. However, over a long period people have fought against one another. That is why every
possible opportunity to work together should be seized, in elections and demonstrations, for instance. In
this way people from the parties will be brought together on a regular basis so that they will get to know and
appreciate one another. This will lay the foundation for the parties to grow together naturally, which will

result in a solid unity.

South African history proves that instant unity between parties has not been successful and has resulted
in still greater divisions every time. "When you try too quickly to link people who are still not in tune with
one another, you do them wrong.”

Marais predicted that if a rightist grouping takes power in South Africa, it will be subject to very great
domestic and foreign pressure. That makes it necessary to achieve the very highest degree of unanimity
and harmony first. “If we think we can just force the parties together into new unity because we want it that
way, regardless of the differences, we could create just such a unity as would crack under that pressure.
That would be disastrous.”

It is possible to achieve the same goal through working together as through unification, Marais explained.
The election results in Potgietersrus, Soutpansberg, and Sasolburg are evidence of this. Too, General
Smuts was defeated in 1948 not by a single party, but by cooperation between the NP and the Afrikaner
Party.

12593
CSO: 3401/132

64



"cartoon" in which two foreign exhibitors had an exchange of words: "What is
to be done? Last year, we promised to invest, and we didn't do so," says
one of the characters. The second one replies: "It's simple, we'll keep on

promising."

Essentially, it is not merely the security situation that is. concerning
investors. As the vice president of Gulf Oil commented, provided the terms
are advantageous, it is always possible to guarantee fulfillment of the
agreements that have been concluded, either with those holding power or the
potential heirs who will overthrow them. However, there are several factors
limiting investment.

"Ignorance, chauvinism, leftism, and corruption" were the sore spots cited by
Samora Machel in this regard. However, there is more. For example, the lack
of decision in terms of priorities; the coexistence of legislation in a
contradictory direction; the continuation of a heavy, centralized state apparat,
complemented by stifling parastate entities in the foreign trade area.

"Socialism Shelved'

But how can this "difficult situation" as Minister Rui Baltazar himself
described it be "turned around"? For the present, the agreements signed at the
end of 1984 with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have been
considered "vital" if not "inevitable steps," as Rui Baltazar explained at a
meeting of cadres at which he attempted to clarify to an understandably amazed
audience the political evolution toward new directions. FRELIMO, as well, has
put "socialism on the shelf," determining different objectives and priorities.

In fact, it was not a matter of a current situation, but rather of a need to
lend credibility and guarantees to the Mozambican financial institutions among
Western banks. Otherwise, it would not be worthwhile talking about investments.
Individuals associated with the Bank of Mozambique pointed out: "Not even the
group of creditors, the so-called 'Paris group,’ would agree to discuss the
renegotiation of the foreign debt, unless we were willing to remain tied to the
two international financial organizations."

Albeit step-by-step, the first measures of the IMF's prescription are being
implemented. This holds true of the decontrol of prices of garden produce,
cultivated fruit, onions, cassava, sweet potatoes, ears of corn, rabbit,
ducks, and turkey. The measure went into effect in May, and immediately,
there was nearly everything in the city of Maputo's markets. In comparison
with the state supply stations with fixed prices but devoid of products, the
"private" stalls offer a tempting feature: exorbitant prices. In any event,
there can be no possible illusions. Although it may be introduced experimen-

tally, the decontrol will spread to other sectors.

However, the results of the decontrol of prices for green vegetables have
been discouraging. As Deputy Jorge Tembe stressed, in 1985 the population of
Maputo "only tasted tomatoes, and only tasted cabbage, We see the markets
filled with products, but the prices are so high (...) that nearly every day

50



‘JPRS~SSA*867061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MEMBERSHIP LIMITED TO WHITES--Our Pretoria staff reports that the Neder-
duitsch Hervormde Kerk [Dutch Reformed Church] in Africa has decided after
a very long debate to uphold its Article III law which limits membership
of the church to whites. At the meeting it was also decided to refer the
article to the church's general commission for further study in order to
reformulate it. After the decision had been announced, the chairman of the
meeting, Professor Bart Oberholzer, said the meeting based its decision on
the conviction that the Hervormde Kerk could best fulfill its vocation by
limiting its membership to whites. He said the meeting was in favor of
people of color being given assistance to form their own church. [Text]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1900 GMT 14 May 86 MB] /9738

cso: 3400/1707

99



JPRS«SSA~86«061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

RALLY HELD IN AMBUILA--In keeping with the policy of clemency proclaimed in
Cabinda Province in 1978 by the revered President Agostinho Neto, the immortal
leader of the Angolan Revolution, Zeferino Estevao Juliana, Uije provincial
commissioner and member of the party's Central Committee, journeyed recently

to the municipality of Ambuila where. he held several meetings with the local
authorities. While in that municipality, Zeferino Estevao Juliana conducted

a rally at which he discussed various aspects of the policy of clemency. He
appealed to his fellow citizens still in the jungles to unite with the local
authorities in helping to achieve national reconstruction. The recent massacre
perpetrated by UNITA gangsters against the defenseless people of the municipal-
ity of Ambaca~Camabatela, in Kwanza-Norte Province, also received harsh words
from Uije Province's top leader. In this respect, he again exhorted the people
to increase their vigilance in order to denounce, annihilate and combat all
enemies of the people. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Feb

86 p 12] 8568/13045

FRG SECRET SERVICE COOPERATION--Cooperation. between the secret services of
South Africa and the FRG'was revealed Tuesday by the West German newspaper
ROTER BLAETTER. According to that newspaper, South African agents receive
considerable help from their FRG colleagues in the repression of apartheid
opponents. To exchange experiences with the facist spy police, a number of
FRG secret agents will soon journey to Johannesburg, South Africa, disguised
as tourists, ROTER BLAETTER reports. During their trip the FRG agents will
visit schools and training centers maintained by the racist police in Cabo
and other areas, the newspaper adds. Jerry Sommer, general manager of ROTER
BLAETTER, said that the publication obtained this information through the
ecological party, the Greens, although Kropensted, secretary of state of the
Ministry of Interior, had declared that the police knew nothing of the trip.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 31 Jan 86 p 1] 8568/13045

NEIGHBORS' COUNCILS CREATED--Uige--According to information received from
ANGOP, the party's Provincial Committee of Uige met recently in this city at
its eighth plenary session and decided that the current resident committees
would henceforth be called "neighbors' councils." The resolution establishing
the neighbors' councils, approved by the deputies at the 15th session of the
Provincial Assembly, is aimed at continuing to indoctrinate the tenants of
buildings, houses, city blocks and districts in the creation of favorable
conditions for better social contact in an atmosphere of mutual cooperation

24



A Unita officer said the Urals were used "because we have them and because
they confuse the enemy".

Throughout, we used part of the network of bush tracks, logistic camps and
maintenance depots created by Unita during its 20 years of fighting.

The tracks in the sandy Angolan soil were little more than ruts, usually 30
to 40 cm deep, winding through the trees, often so narrow that the sides of the
truck were constantly hammered by small trees being forced out of the way by

the vehicle's passage.

At each of our stops theré was what can only be called a reception area which
consisted, inevitably, of a circular, windowed grass hut capable of seating 20
to 40 people on benches around its circumference, surrounded by separate sleep-

ing huts.

Each was neatly built of wood (cut from the surrounding trees) and grass tied
together with strips of fibrous bark. Each had two or three "bedrooms" with
raised beds made of sapling trunks covered in grass.

Each room was equipped with a light consisting of a bully-beef tin filled with
diesel oil which burned on a grass wick.

And each had its own smaller grass outhouse with a pit toilet.

Everything was neat and apparently well-organised.

Sometimes our (irregular) meals were served at one of these camps, sometimes
we ate in the open. Given the circumstances, we ate well.

The area we passed through was apparently devoid of people or animal life--
although Unita told us that thousands of subsistence farmers lived in the area.

Each of the two Press trucks was equipped with a few old mattresses and strips
of foam plastic. With 10 guests and two or more Unita soldiers to a truck,
each of us had a space roughly two metres long and 50 cm wide.

We could not sit up (except when we passed over the odd grassland) because of
the lethal branches which kept hammering the sides and the top of the truck and
because of the bumping and lurching of the vehicles.

Inevitably, we all wound up crushed together like jelly babies shaked in a
pudding bowl.

Our Unita hosts were unfailingly polite, courteous and apparently efficient-—-
even though their unwillingness or their inability to tell us just where we
were going and just what we would be doing when we got there brought the party
to near mutiny by the third day on the road.

On Thursday evening we arrived at a Unita camp and were told Dr Savimbi, Unita's
leader, would speak to us.

20



that he had decided to start to work for the United States soon, thus seemingly
abandoning the United Democratic Front of Mozambique (FUMO). As for the FRESAMO,
it is known to have carried out some propaganda activities in Portugal during
the last few months among the Mozambican exile and refugee community. It

is headed by ex-Resistance (1979) people such as Zeca Caliate, and says it .
understands the guerrilla movement but, like FELIMO, condemns it for having

a "Portuguese component” neither nationalist nor Mozambican.

Other groups presenting themselves as opposition to the FRELIMO include the
FIRM (Independent Front for the Reconstruction of Mozambique), based in Montijo,
and also an English-speaking regional party from Cabo Delgado. The MONAMO,
led by Maximo Dias, is the most important among all these external opposition
groups, and the group which will receive the largest subsidies, mainly from
Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi's Libya. From 1980 to 1983, it berated the RENAMO,

but since 1984, the MONAMO has been trying to get closer to the guerrillas,
calling itself “their political structure." The following year, however,
Maximo Dias wrote Samora Machel (June 25, 1985) recognizing him as a leader
to whom the utmost respect is due: "MONAMO also accepts the fact that Your
Excellency has tried to arrange for political solutions to achieve national
reconciliation, motivated by your patriotic spirit and in consideration of
the suffering of the whole nation (...) MONAMO reiterates its trust in this
patriotic and nationalistic spirit of Your Excellency, Mr President, the only
one able to achieve a national and brotherly agreement among the sons of this
people, dispensing with dangerous foreign military support and with further
shedding of Mozambican blood."

The Libyan Connection

It is now known that MONAMO has an important role in Maputo's diplomatic maneuv—
ers, intended to show the West--and Washington in particular—-that there is
still a lot to be done to achieve internal pacification and democracy. In

its efforts to improve MONAMO's weak image and structure, FRELIMO is supposed
to rely financially on help from Arab sources, mainly the Libyan state. MONANO
had however denied publicly any and all contacts either with the Libyan or

the Mozambican embassies in Lisbon. It is widely known, though, that in
mid-1985, and soon after Lucas Pires’ visit to Maputo, MONAMO asked for and

got, through a highly placed member of CDS's National Council, a contact with
Maputo's ambassador to Lisbon, to, whom it has been passing information.

Back in 1980 MONAMO had already received a subsidy of $10,000 through Sweden.
Maximo Dias supposedly did not know (?) then that the money originated from
Mr Fernando Pinto, the number two man in SASP's department D-2, using the
Swedes as a go-between. As for its alleged integration into Maputo's adminis-
trative organization, MONAMO denied it roundly, but it can now be stated that
during a luncheon in a public place, on December 21, 1985, Maximo Dias let

it be known that he had already received FRELIMO's invitation to join. Simi-
larly the denials by Maximo Dias' group about alleged connections with Libya
can be disregarded in view of concrete facts that surfaced: Maximo Dias and
his assistant Faruk Ali Gadit were in Tripoli for a whole week last year,

for the "September 6" festivities, heading a group from MONAMO.

32



POLICE ACTION ON MEETINGS TERMED IMMINENT.

JPRS“SSA~86+061
12 June 1986

NAMIBIA

Only Funerals, Church Services

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 2 May 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Rajah Munamava]

[Text]

THERE WAS A STRONG possibility of police action
against any meetings which were held over the weekend.
Interim Government Justice Minister, Mr Fanuel
Kozonguizi, has warned that meetings may not be held
unless they are funerals or bona fide church services.

He was approached in view of announcements of several
meetings over the weekend despite the ban, and including an
ecumenical service in Katutura on Sunday in commemoration of
Cassinga Day. News of these meetings follows a two-week blanket
ban on ‘all gatherings’ by the Cabinet of the interim government

this week.

Mr Kozonguizi did not say why
the ban had been imposed,
although it was stated that the
Cabinet had reason to believe such
meetings ‘would threaten public
order’.

Already an HNP meeting last
night was cancelled due to the ban,
but the ecumenical service will go
ahead in Katutura on Sunday, as
well as a meeting of the Students
Representative Council of the
Academy on Sunday night.

Another meeting which was
scheduled for Saturday afternoon,

56

under the auspices of the Legal Aid
and Community Advice Bureau,
which was to be addressed by Ms
Susan Vivier-Turck, -has been
cancelled, according to Mr Vekuii
Rukoro. .

_Mr Kozonguizi emphasised the
ban applied also to indoor meetings
or house meetings, especially if
they were political in nature.

A meeting in commemoration of
May Day was also planned in the
Anglican Church, Katutura, last
night.



"State President Must Have Power Base"

Answer: I think no State President can exist without a power base. President
Reagan experiences that in American politics, and in French politics that is
experienced by President Mitterand. I would think that the State President
should not get involved in the every-day jostling and maneuvering which take
place in politics sometimes. If the State President is to be separated from a
power base, we may as well return to the old system of a ceremonial state
president and a prime minister. Then all those changes were made in vain.

There are certain technical improvements which can be made. The government is
looking into those. I think the regular daily schedule of the state president
is too heavy. If I didn't enjoy very good health, I would most likely not be
able to continue with the daily work I experience now. The experience I'm
gaining will be transferred to my colleagues, and it will be given attention
in time.

Question: Would this include the possibility of a vice state president?

Answer: I don't want to discuss that now, but I will merely say that in the
long run it is not physically possible to continue in this manner. At this
moment the unreasoned coupling of two functions, namely that of state
president and prime minister, without effecting changes, is too heavy for one
individual. Everyone close to me recognizes that. There are various ways of
lightening the task of the state president, so that he can move better and be
more in touch with people with whom he must hold necessary discussions.

Question: You enjoy good health. Do you think it possible to continue the
murderous pace of your post?

Answer: I have myself examined twice a year by a team of doctors because I
start from the premise that only a man who is healthy can remain in this
office. A sick man must not stay here. I am long past the age at which other
people retire. I have nothing personal to gain by remaining here needlessly.
And I won't stay either if I feel I'm not welcome or necessary.

Question: What is your message to those whites who are afraid for the future
and for the youth of South Africa?

Answer: My message to the whites is that we have a calling in this country.
Our calling is to not only preserve the foundations of the eivilization we
believe in, but also to expand and to follow the beautiful objectives written
in the preamble of our constitution. Egoism and defeatism and exaggerated
materialism will get us nowhere. Millions of people from other population
groups look up to us for leadership and see our presence here as an assurance
for stability. We must move forward in the spirit of the motto of our
country, "Union is Strength."

74



JPRS“SSA~86*061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CAPE VERDE PRESIDENT VISITS CORUMANA, PEQUENOS LIBOMBOS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Mar 86 p 1

[Text] President of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira, yesterday visited the
construction sites of the Corumana and Pequenos Libombos dams, in Maputo
Province, where he was informed of the efforts that our country is making

in social economic development, despite the destabilizing actions to prevent
their success. The chief of state was accompanied on the visit by his Mozambi-
can counterpart, Samora Machel. The two presidents visited the dams with
their respective wives, Mmes Carlina Pereira and Graca Machel. The visit
began at the construction site of the Corumana dam at about 1000. Explanations
were given concerning the present status of this great engineering work by
Fausto Donato, director for the Mozambican side, and by Italian technicians
involved in the work. After visiting the work sites, the chiefs of state

and those accompanying them had lunch at Corumana, which in the future will

be another city of our country. At about 1500 the two chiefs of state left
for the place where the Pequenos Libombos dam will be constructed, a visit
which was to conclude at the end of the afternoon.

Instead of using the normal protocol cars, the two chiefs of state and their
wives boarded Jeeps of the Corumana technicians, and minutes later were briefed
on the importance of the undertaking. While a technician supplied them with
binoculars to get a general view of the construction site prior to visiting
the various sections, President Samora Machel highlighted a number of important
aspects of the economic and social dimensions of the project.

Changes Are Foreseen

Among these aspects was the fact that the dam is only about a dozen kilometers
from South Africa, specifically the Kruger Park region, the famous South Afri-
can animal reserve.

Another was that the Corumana-Sabie region is characterized by a tradition
of cattle raising, and at the same time the men of the region have for years
engaged in migratory work in the South African mines, giving them another
source of subsistence in addition to agriculture and cattle raising.

It waspointed out that the completion of the Corumana works will signal a
great socioeconomic leap forward, which will reflect a change in this migratory
tendency of the local population, where agriculture and animal husbandry are

deeply rooted.

26



It could help both white and black, providing a bridge based on a reader-
ship which in many cases was half white and half black.

"Whether it will hang in there or will. succumb to political or economic
predations remains to be seen. Maybe one day its problems with black
nationalism will be as great as current problems with Afrikaner nationalism,

and previously with imperial power," he said.

"But, whatever one might think of that, there is certainly a job to be done.

Mr Heard was asked whether the stand taken by the CAPE TIMES had affected
its advertising. He replied that it had not, and he knew of two contracts
which had been transferred to the CAPE TIMES as a result of its publication
of his interview with ANC President Mr Oliver Tambo.

"Many South African. companies are aware of black buying power. If anything
we gained slightly," he said.

/9738
cso: 3400/1707

92



IPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

_ ANGOLA

BENGUELA'S FISHING INDUSTRY PRODUCTION, DIFFICULTIES DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Jan 86 p 12

[Excerpts] BENGUELA, (From the Commissioner's Office)--Empromar Atlantico,
the state-owned company engaged in catching and canning fish and which is
located in the municipality of Baia Farta, exceeded its annual production
plan by 40 percent last year. The company intends to double that mark this
year and to create the primary conditions necessary for the implementation
of exportation of our canned fish.

The significant increase in production was due to the increased efforts of
the local Party structures and to the spirit of sacrifice of the workers who
were able to reach a production of 1,400 tons as opposed to the 1,000 tons
initially planned by the provincial fishing authority.

At a meeting with local news organizations, company director Rui Lopes con-
firmed that, based on existing minimal conditions, although insufficient,
the company will produce approximately 3,000 tons by the end of this year.

As to the financial state of the company, Jose Henriques said that presently
there is a sum of 50 million kwanzas to the company's credit in the National
Bank of Angola (BNA).

According to Simao Adriano, first secretary of the union committee, the present
director has created a dynamism in the company.

The lack of transportation and the endeavors to acquire new equipment to re-
place the old are some of the difficulties that the company is facing.

As principal raw material, the company only uses two types of fish, tuna and
sardine, since the national fleet does not have a boat sophisticated enough
to allow the catch of various types of fish. Nevertheless, once this matter
is resolved, the company will introduce on the national market various types
of canned fish.

The company of 550 workers is assisted by a Spanish technician who lends tech-
nical assistance as an electrician to the national fleet.

13007/7051
CSO: 3442/135



To the young people who are looking for challenges--and if they are young,
they will be looking for challenges--I want to say that no greater challenge
ean be found than in South Africa, but it will require courage and faith from
all of us.

8700
cso: 3401/130

75



"Any company seen to be supporting the apartheid idea has no future in
this country as far as black people are concerned."

He said black businessmen still had to contend with "a vast number of
restrictive laws and cumbersome bureaucratic procedures."

Even when the laws had been repealed, it was still the same bureaucrats
administering procedures.

"There are cases when it is the bureaucracy rather than the law itself
which becomes an impediment."

He had discovered on a recent visit to West Germany that although there
was less pressure to disinvest than in the United States, there was
concern about whether German firms in South Africa were seen to be
addressing the problem of apartheid.

19604
cso: 3400/1737

81



Friendship

Questioned about his friendship with South Africa in view of the internal
situation, Dr Savimbi told the Press: "I am not worried about it. The in-
tention, the firm intention and commitment, is to make changes inside South
Africa.

"] am for change and I ama Black leader. If all are brought into decision-
making it would be good for everybody. If there was no programme of change I
would be worried."

Asked whether his attempt to "make life impossible" in Luanda was not
similar to the aim of the ANC in South Africa, Dr Savimbi said the situations
were entirely different.

In Angola, he wanted to negotiate but the MPLA regime in Luanda refused. He
was attempting to bring them to the conference table.

In South Africa, the ANC was opposed to negotiation while the Government was
seeking to negotiate a new dispensation with place for all.

19274
csO: 3400/1746



--Amalgamation of black local authorities with other local authorities:

That while UCASA has accepted to serve in the regional services councils
for cost effective common sharing of essential services and other resources,
and to benefit from the extra funds that will be generated by the regional
services councils for the upgrading of the infrastructure in mainly the
impoverished areas of UCASA's jurisdiction, UCASA continues with its
struggle and negotiations for an ultimate amalgamation of all local
authorities in each town into non~-racial local governments which will be
more effective and acceptable to all communities and also create a

positive climate for the future of a one and united South Africa.

--Formation of a national multiracial political party: That the think
tank of UCASA give serious consideration and carry out an in-depth investi-
gation into the desirability, possibility and viability of a national
multi-racial political party that could be formed to accommodate all the
disenchanted, disgruntled, frustrated and angry racial groups which are
alienated from existing political parties but which are determined to
rally to the middle ground to establish a broad political base for the
moderate and silent majority in the country.

--Expansion of boundaries of black areas: That following the government's
amnouncement of urbanisation strategies, UCASA calls on the government to
speedily transfer land in the areas of the black local authorities to them
and assist in the quick acquisition of more land and extension of their
boundaries without any stifling restrictions to promote growth and
development.

--Amendment of laws, ordinances and by-laws relating to trading: That
with the opening up of the central business districts to all population
groups, and the government's aims to promote informal trading, the present
session of parliament take all the necessary steps to ensure that the
state, the provinces and white local authorities amend their respective
laws, ordinances and by-laws to remove all racial and other restrictions
to grant everybody the opportunity to freely participate in the business
of their choice.

UCASA concluded in its statement that it would always welcome, however
in certain cases cautiously, any reform measures that the government
proposed to bring about with the proviso that the reform measures were
genuine, that such measures were always formulated in consultation with
all political and concerned groups in all communities and that the
announced reform policies were speedily and swiftly implemented to make
them effective and have the desired impact.

Furthermore, that the government be urged to always respond quickly to
black demands before it was too late or only after there had been an
outbreak of violence.

UCASA said its executive committee was further mandated to urgently seek
an appointment with the state president to discuss and further motivate
these resolutions.

19604
cso: 3400/1737
79



The rest of us try to soldier on as best we can while remaining true to
the principles and traditions of our calling. For if you do not have a
newspaper at all, then you are not in a position to influence anyone's
opinion. You have also removed from the community an independent source of
information and there are not too many of those left.

One wonders if Bishop Tutu knows what a free press is all about. He
dismisses the fact that South Africa's newspapers are still incomparably
freer than most others in Africa as "a deliberately cultivated aberration
by the South African authorities."

The IPI delegates who heard him need look no further than the April issue

of their. own bulletin, IPI report, for a commentary on the dismal levels to
which press freedom has sunk in much of Africa.

19738
cso: 3400/1707

90



/9317
CSO: 3400/1750

ADDING TO THE PHALANX OF LAWS

ALREADY THE Notification and Prohibition of Meetings Act of 1981
prevents the holding of public meetings by various organisations in
Namibia, and the imposition of the Riotous Assemblies Act merely com-
pounds the phalanx of laws already in existence.

The interim government Minister of Justice, Mr Fanuel Kozonguizi,
‘said when approached about the CCN meeting, that it was his view the
meeting was ‘by invitation’ and would therefore be allowed to continue,
but the uncertainty created by the ban probably had already taken its
toll on delegates by the time the news was received that they could go
ahead.

Already delegates had wasted valuable time, when they should have
been discussing ways and means to urge implementation of Resolution
435, arguing whether or not they should abandon the meeting.

COMMEMORATION SERVICES TO GO AHEAD?

THERE WAS LITTLE doubt that Cassinga Day commemoration ser-
vices would go ahead over the weekend, and this is not surprising, since
many people had lost family and friends in the 1978 SADF raid.

It is to be hoped that church meetings in commemoration of this event,
will not be broken up by police, and at similar services in the past there
have been no incidents which could be termed as a ‘threat to law and
order’.

One can also hardly see the need for a ban of two weeks on all gather-
ings. In the past a 48-hour ban was imposed, but it seems the interim
government has increased this period, probably for ‘reasons of state
security’.

How can anyone dispute that the situation under the interim govern-
ment is not going ‘from bad to worse’ in terms of repressive legislation?

58



"controllers" of the economic and social activity.. As a clear indication of
the fact that. "something has changed," there are even some who talk of a
“constitutional coup d'etat"and the reinstatement of a certain amount of
collegiality in the control of power among the various movements. In other
words, with the failure of the pragmatic line inspired by Machel himself,
leading to N'Komati and the agreements with Western financial institutions
(which had Joaquim Chissano and Rui Baltazar as their preeminent figures)
there would be a return to ground zero. To a.certain extent, the resurrection
of prominent figures who not long ago were severely criticized and ousted
because of alleged responsibility for the failure of the Mozambican economy
(in the case of Mario Machungo) or in situations marked by a lack of respect
for legality (in the case of Guebuza), has not gone by unnoticed.

2909
CSO: | 3442/208

54



JPRS«SSA+86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

GOVERNMENT ISSUES DRAFT CALL FOR YOUTHS BORN IN 1968
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 21 Mar 86 p 1

[Text] Luanda--Angolan youths born in 1968 will be called upon to give the
best of themselves in fulfillment of military duty, in defense of the father-
land and of the democratic and popular revolution.

As in other calls for obedience of this sacred duty, Angolan revolutionary
youth will show its iron will, together with other worthy soldiers already
enlisted in the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA).
They will unmask and destroy all maneuvers towards sabotaging the Angolan
people's unshakable desire to continue fighting for liberty, peace, and
social justice, against all those who intend to choke the people's revolution
with support from international imperialism.

Thus, in accordance with a note signed by our country's minister of defense,
Colonel Pedro Maria Tonha "Pedale," which arrived at our office, and in
agreement with the General Military Service Law (Law 12/82 of October 9),
the People's Republic of Angola commands:

1. That between 15 April and 15 May, all male citizens who meet the
following conditions be recruited and incorporated into the Armed Forces:

a) Those born between 1 January and 31 December 1968.

b) Those carrying expired postponement permits.

c) Those born between 1 January 1959 and 31 December 1961 who had not
presented themselves.

13165/13045
CSO: 3442/202

16



working outside the country or is purchased on the black market at exorbitant
prices. In the official exchange; a dollar costs 40.meticals (its purchase is
forbidden to the ordinary citizen for everyday needs), and on the black market,
it costs between 1,500 and 2,000. meticals.

How does an ordinary Mozambican, an honest family provider, procure half a
dozen dollars or half a dozen rands? By resorting to complicated systems on
the parallel market which swarms on a small scale everywhere, rounding many
corners. A package of tobacco is bought for 85 meticals, and is sold for 300
or 400; a small bunch of firewood costs a few thousand; and a dress purchased
either in a few scarce.shops or outside costs the equivalent of 5,000 metieals,
to be sold later for over 15,000.

To put it plainly, there are, consequently, two kinds of trade and two kinds
of exchange in Mozambique: the official and the parallel. This is publicly
condemned, but there is no visible alternate solution.

Up until the present, the only course of action proposed in clear, official
terms to put.an end to the black market is that of repression which, of itself,
alone, is obviously inadequate for solving this problem in the country; because
products of the most prime necessity are needed, and may be purchased in free
trade shops with foreign currency.

In all areas, it is claimed that the solution lies in producing in large volumes,
beginning with the products of prime necessity. And involved herein is the
problem of the war, which has disorganized businesses and prevented the trans-
portation facilities from circulating regularly in order to deliver supplies

in all parts of the country.

2909
CsO: 3442/207

45



A Deaf Ear

Moreover, in March 1985, a.team consisting of a French sociologist working at
the University of Maputo and a cooperant from. the Ministry of Agriculture
released a document based on research conducted in Nampula Province, in four
communal villages of the Erati District, which brought to light one of the
harshest judgments on the subject. There were two constant criticisms: of

the violence used in the "village settlement" processes, and of the famine
caused by the uncoordinated moving of thousands of peasants from their original
territories. This report cited the burning of thatched huts and "acts of
violence" on the part of militiamen and Army troops. It was not a secret
document; it circulated,.and copies could be purchased at the university.
Examples of this kind have proliferated. Information and criticism have also
reached the authorities through regular reports made by the Bishops Conference,
as in the case of those on the Lichinga reeducation camps, or the violence in
Quelimane and Nampula Provinces. And, despite the systematic disclaimers,
national directors and technical cadres have also been voicing dissident
opinions. . on

But, one wonders, to what extent are the-authorities heedful of this criticism,
and how is this reflected in terms of reforms?

In fact, the official discourse ignores it completely. One example: 4 months
after the publication of the study on the Erati communal villages, the governor
of Nampula, turning a "deaf ear," declared in an interview with Maputo's
NOTICIAS that the village settlement project in the province was a success,
and that he expected 70 percent of the region's rural population to be inte-
grated into communal villages by the end of 1986....

‘We'll Keep on Promising'

Last December, the 14th session of the People's Assembly voted on the General
Planning and Budget bills for 1986, amid the shock caused by the state of
economic collapse. The presentation of the bills made by the finance minister,
Rui’ Baltazar, reflected a dreadful situation.

Rui Baltazar remarked: "In 1985, economic activity declined nearly 20 percent
overall, in comparison with 1984," and the previous year's plan, the goal of
which was to halt the declining trend in economic activity, was reflected in
a non-fulfillment of approximately 23 percent. The budget anticipates revenue
consisting of half a million contos less than the amount budgeted in 1985; a
situation occurring for the first time since 1978. Another item of informa-
tion: the revenue collected in 1985 was 3.5 million contés less than antici-
pated. Completing the picture: military expenditures account for 42 percent
of the anticipated spending.

Meanwhile, the black market is expanding at an accelerated rate, The 3,000
meticals comprising the wage of an unskilled worker in Maputo are also the
price of 1 kilogram of fish, or one chicken, on the parallel market.

As for foreign investment, it it still in short supply. The NOTICIAS supple-
ment on the 1985 Agricultural, Commercial, and Industrial Fair included a

49



JPRS«~SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UCASA ISSUES STATEMENT ON REFORM POLICIES
MB152009 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1912 GMT 15 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 15 May (SAPA)--The Urban Councils Association of
South Africa (UCASA), having considered the state president's reform
policies announced in the past and recently, as well as observing inter~
national and local communities’ responses to them, adopted certain
resolutions at its national conference in Bloemfontein on 27 April.

UCASA said having considered these and at the same time desiring the
expedition of peaceful negotiations for a quick settlement of the South
African political impasse, it "regrettably noted with deep concern that
the state president had preferred to accommodate the fears of the rightwing
minority of his vernments voters by his hesitantly making piecemeal reform
pronouncements."

UCASA said in a statement released to SAPA in Johannesburg today it
therefore resolved as follows:

--Repealing of the Group Areas Act: That the government completely repeal
the Group Areas Act together with the Land Act and all other supportive
pieces of legislation which UCASA regard as the very corner stone of
apartheid because it is naive to expect that a democracy based on race
can ever lead to equality and justice.

--National Convention: That because the government's National Statutory
Council has not been warmly received, the state president be urged to
create a conducive climate for proper and representative negotiations

to take place by unconditionally releasing all political prisoners and
detainees, unbanning the ANC and other political organisations and
extending a welcoming hand to all political exiles. Then to set up a
national convention where every body without due regard to colour, sex,
creed and political affiliation will participate freely to reach consensus
on a political dispensation acceptable to all reasonable persons.

—-Abolition of development boards: That the development boards, whose

main function was to ensure that the movement of blacks is strictly
controlled in the spirit of the influx control, be abolished.

78



JPRS“SSA~86-061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

ANGOLAN FISHING BOATS ROT IN SPANISH PORT
Lisbon AFRICA JORNAL in Portuguese 19 Mar 86 p 8

[Text] It all began toward the end of March 1981--the People's Republic of
Angola ordered 37 fishing boats from the Spanish company CONSTRUNAVES. The
transaction was worth approximately $50 million. Nearly 6 years later the
boats have not left the docks of the Spanish shipbuilders in spite of repeated
inquiries to the country that is paying the bill.

The photographs that we present here were taken 2 weeks ago. All they show is
boats that ought to be under way. What we reveal in the following is a story
whose outline is unclear. The credit of ENATIP, the Angolan state company for
fishing, is untrustworthy outside the country. Clearly this is a matter that
requires clarification. And while Angola is unable to harvest its own natural
resources, others will do so. It is the Angolans who are the losers. A little
bit of everything.

A 6-Year Story

Sometimes the JORNAL DE ANGOLA takes the bull by the horns. The story was told
from the beginning: 'In November 1983 the Spanish shipbuilders completed the
first 11 boats, and later 15 other boats which ought to be already fishing in
Angola were finished. Meanwhile, though, they remain docked at the shipyeards
in Spain due to a lack of equipment and nets that the fishing ministry has yet
to guarantee." The Angolan newspaper also mentioned the fact that, "the trad-
itional sea trails and fishing trials" which provide confirmation that the boats
meet required standards have not been duly performed.

In a letter from CONSTRUNAVES to which the AFRICA JORNAL had access, a facsimile
of which we show here (dated 18 December 1985), the "profound concern over the
impact that the anomalous situation of the fishing boats built for ENATIP (the
Angolan company responsible for the order) is causing among the associated
shipbuilders" of the Spanish company is expressed to the Director-General of
Fisheries of Angola, Vasco Martinho. The Spanish letter then cites a number

of facts which attest to, at the very least, the apparent negligence of the
Angolan authorities in the case of the boats. According to the CONSTRUNAVES
letter, "After many delays caused by the repeated failure of ENATIP's repre-
sentatives to appear within the time periods agreed to for the official de—
livery of the boats, they were finally completed during the period of December,
1983 to July 1984, (...) without ENATIP's having taken possession of any of its
boats from the shipbuilders during that entire extended period of time."

11



units generating foreign exchange (the Luabo sugar plant is still under the
control of the RENAMO rebels), and economic units or infrastructures with
regional cooperation (railroads, Cahora Bassa, and the pipeline from Beira
to Zimbabwe). .

Nevertheless, there are but few people in Mozambique who are confident of a
peace resulting exclusively from an agreement between the authorities and
RENAMO. When I asked a Catholic official to give me a depiction of the
military situation, I received this response: "There are the regular troops,
the members of RENAMO, the dissidents from one or the other side, the militias
armed by FRELIMO, the local groups, and the corruption used by all these forces
to their own advantage." In fact, it is a bothersome situation, wherein one is
not quite sure who the enemy is, who is conspiring, and not even the extent of
the commitments among those bearing arms. There is, obviously, an opportunis—
tic use of the war phenomenon.

Between the Church Bridges...

Of all the initiatives and good.offices known, the intervention by the Catholic
Church is what has been best geared to the type of situation being experienced
in Mozambique. Opting to act in‘a timely’manner in concrete areas wherein its
prestige has not been challenged, it has managed to establish bridges and a
certain amount of pacification. The notion of the complexity of the Mozam-
bican conflict is also evident in its various appeals for peace. Moreover,

the idea of dialogue is always complemented by phrases such as "African courses
of action," and "in the light of African traditions," which are not in keeping
with the simplification that would be represented by the distribution of power
among rival factions.

.s.and the Military Coup Hypothesis

In any event, all the responses are, essentially, possible. Even the military
coup is not a hypothesis rejected by the best placed observers. On the
contrary, they argue, the shadow of the miliary is increasingly in ewidence
in the making of certain decisions and in the imposition of‘ many others:

note the refusal-to intensify the military cooperation with Portugal, or the
obstacles put up against coordination with the Army of Zimbabwe.

On the internal level, the capacity for the regime's openness has been consi-
dered discouraging: only the promise of general elections this year and the
appointment, for their organizing commission, of Armando Panguene, regarded as
a pragmatist, with prestige in the Armed Forces, and apparently a spokesman
acceptable to certain RENAMO commanders.

Finally, some observers consider the return to Maputo of the Poliburo's politico-
military “historical ones," such as Alberto Chipande, Marcelino dos Santos,
Mario Machungo and Alberto Guebuza, who since the N'Komati. Accords had been
dispersed in the provinces or in lesser offices, as being significant.

They have now been given responsibilities that have converted them into genuine

53



SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Poll Finds Urban White Support for P.W. Botha
(SAPA, 14 May 86)....cccccecececececscsccceccscscscererscs 86

ECC Spokesman Reacts to Minister's Criticism
(SAPA, 14 May 86)....ccecccccccccccrecccescscvecseccscsces 87

Labor Party, National People's Party Hold Caucus
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 13 May 86)......sesseeeeee 88

Durban Newspaper Rejects Tutu Press Criticism
(SAPA, 13 May 86)....ccecccccccccccccccccecescecrecssessees 89

GAPE TIMES Editor Discusses Role of Press
(Peter Wilson; SAPA, 14 May 86)....eceeccseeteececceceeces 91

Report on Unrest Deaths Leaked to Press
(SAPA, 14 May 86)...cccsccwcccceccccececcscrcssesecssswses 93

Commentary Says New Provincial System 'Step Forward’
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 14 May 86)....eeseeeeevees. 95

Rajbansi Says SABC Arrogant Toward- Indians
(SAPA, 12 May 86). ..eccesceccscccececcescccesccenecesesces 97

Urban Foundation Welcomes Black Property Bill !
(SAPA, 13 May 86)....cccccceccccccverccccecrevessvscccseee 98

Briefs .
Membership Limited to Whites 99

ECONOMIC og

Du Plessis Says Recovery 'Far Weaker’ Than Hoped .
(SAPA, 15 May 86)..cccccssccsccccecccccsscceecsetecseeeces 100

Briefs
Shell Plans Continued Investment : 102

/12223



thousands of people from all population groups improve their living
eonditions. It was one high point after another. ,

My year as minister of defense was one of the happiest in the past fifty
years. The growth of the defense force, the development of South Africa's war
materiel, and the special camaraderie I experienced within that organization
were sources of great joy to me.

What happened afterward is history known to everybody. The first minister's
office was not a high point initially--I should rather.call it a low .point.
Some people predicted I wouldn't last more than a few months, but by. God's
grace, I lasted after all, and ultimately my being prime minister led to the
eurrent post I hold. Of course there were many disappointments on that road,
but I have always started from the premise that disappointments must be
overcome by seeing them as challenges.

"Let Someone Else Take Part in Freedom"

The break in the ranks of the National Afrikaners was a big disappointment to
me. For I believe that if the Afrikaner, who. does not know another
fatherland, really wants to fulfill his task in this country, he should not do
that with confusion in his ranks and with different voices. He should do it
as a community which wants to practice leadership, build bridges and let other
people take part in the freedom he has earned for himself.

On the whole, I would say that my disappointments were much fewer than my
successes and high points. I am humbly grateful for that.

Question: Due to your long service, no one knows the National Party better
than you. How has the NP [National Party] changed over the years and how do
you see its role in the future?

Answer: The NP is more than a political party. It has proven since 1915 that
it can overcome setbacks and propagate new messages; that it can adapt to
world conditions, but that it always keeps in mind the security of Christian
values and value systems in South Africa and that it always puts South Africa

first.

It is not because its members are so unique that the party is more than a
political party, but because the party responds to an objective: it satisfies
prayers coming from many peoples! souls to make South Africa .a country of

hope.

"Printed Press Has a Task"

Question: Do you believe a role still exists for the printed press,
especially the Afrikaans-national newspapers, ina period in which the
electronic media are becoming more and more dominating, even to the extent of
threatening the printed press?

Answer: I don't know enough about the press to talk about it as an authority.
I did, however, have many years of experience as director of one of the

70



JPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

and good-neighborliness, principally in the areas of health, cultural hygiene
and recreation. With regard to the political—ideological, economic and social
aspects, the leaders of the neighbors' councils are responsible for cooperating
with the People's Vigilance Brigades in carrying out activities of a vigilance
nature and supervising the recreational and cultural activities which occur
within the jurisdiction of the council in order to prevent any antisocial indi-
viduals from committing criminal acts which may endanger the safety of a resi-
dent. Thus, given the level of political organization attained in Uige Province,
it is considered opportune to reactivate the neighbors' councils in view of the
important political and mobilizing role which they play among the citizens who
reside in a specific area. [Excerpts] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
16 Feb p 12] 8568/13045

ANGOP-BEIJING ACCORD--Under the terms of an agreement recently signed in Beijing
(China) by the Angolan Press Agency (ANGOP) and its Chinese equivalent (XINHUA),
the two parties will now officially conduct a reciprocal exchange of news
information. The agreement, valid for an initial period of 2 years, also
anticipates an exchange of photographs, by airmail and telephoto, as well

as by special deliveries to the respective countries. It should be pointed

out that the present agreement results from a series of existing cooperative
relations between the People's Republic of Angola and China, particularly

in the field of information, reported ANGOP. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 8 Jan 86 p 3] 13007/7051

MPLA DELEGATION VISITS EAST EUROPE--Luanda--A party delegation, headed by the
deputy member of the MPLA-Workers' Party central committee political bureau,
Antonio Jacinto, left Luanda on Thursday for a trip that will take him to
Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Italy. In Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, the
above named party leader will participate as a guest in communist party con-
gresses in these countries. The delegation is made up the director of the
MPLA-Workers' party central committee foreign relations department, Dokwi de
Castro, a member of the MPLA-Workers' party central committee, and of other
party officials. [Excerpts] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Mar
86 p 12] 13165/13045

CSO: 3442/202

25



Impoverished

--He is not aware of any groups in the National Party that want to push him
into a certain direction, but there has never been a time in which matters
were discussed more openly in the National Party than right now.

--The Constitution does not make provision for blacks in the cabinet, but he
has no objection to deliberate in a meeting with decent and civilized black
leaders.

--The struggle in South Africa is against radicalism--either from the left or
the right--because that could ruin the country. A country must be built on
balance, which cannot be sustained by leftists or rightists. .

Among the high points of his career which he singled out were his entering the
cabinet and the aid he was able to give to uplift the impoverished people in
his old election district. The chasm in the ranks of the National Afrikaners

was a big disappointment.

President Botha talked openly about the post of executive state president
which he had to implement. An executive state president cannot exist without
a power base, therefore he must fulfill a political role.

The pressure brought about by the unreasoned coupling of the functions of
ceremonial state president and prime minister, is too much for one individual.
In the long run it is physically impossible for him to continue as now.
Technical changes in the post are being considered by the government.

Election

As to a general election, President Botha said amongst other things that
people who talk about that so lightly should wait until he makes a decision on
it.

"Perhaps the din is only the voices of people who whistle when they pass by a
cemetery at night," he said.

8700
csO: 3401/130

68



JPRS«SSA~86-061
12 June 1986

with the blacks before then. They are said to be dissatisfied with the checkmated position the government
finds itself in as regards negotiations with blacks--including the ANC.

The frustration of the NP's left wing is much increased by the failure of the government's National Statutory
Council. Since State President P.W. Botha announced this body at the beginning of the current session
of Parliament, not a single black leader has indicated his willingness to serve on it. That body is seen in
leftist NP Circles as the precursor of what Du Plessis now calls a “centristic coalition.”

Last week reduced any hope that the chief minister of KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, will serve in this
body. Chief Buthelezi made a sharp attack on Botha before the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly and
criticized statements by Botha to an American newspaper. According to Chief Buthelezi Botha does not
give him sufficient respect as a leader.

Last month Chief Buthelezi said that he will serve on the National Statutory Council only if the tricameral
parliament is abolished, Nelson Mandela is released, and the Population Registration and Group Areas
Acts are revoked. These demands agree broadly with what the "New Nat's" are said to believe.

It is expected that the leftist group will exert pressure to have these demands heeded. This pressure
could reach its height at the time of the NP's federal congress, which is to be held in early August in
Durban. If the party leadership does not act quickly enough for the "New Nat's" on that occasion, it could
lead to a considerable increase in the tension within the NP.

Further on Dissensions
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 23 Apr 86 p 1
[Article: "Prog's Wooing Nat's]

[Text] “Moderates” in the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] have begun to make cautious gestures toward
far-leftists in the NP.

This is the latest development in the drama surrounding the deeper and deeper divisions within the NP.
The far-left faction in the NP was put in the spotlight recently by some authoritative newspaper articles and
since then has become the subject of constant discussion by politicians of all parties.

The PFP advances to NP leftists showed up in a speech given in the House of Assembly by the PFP
member for Yeoville, Harry Schwarz, arguing for a middle group in politics. His speech was interpreted by
observers as a gesture of encouragement to the roughly 30 members of the NP's far-left wing, also known
as the "New Nat's." Schwarz spoke in almost exactly the same terms as the chairman of Sanlam [South
Africa National Life Assurance Company], Dr. Fred Du Plessis, when he recently called for a "centristic
Coalition.”

Schwarz later told a Johannesburg business newspaper that this middle group should be not only political
but also economic. He has already discussed the philosophy of a "centristic economic democracy" with
MP's outside the PFP, Schwarz told the newspaper.

The divisions within the NP are not even denied any more. Even two NP newspapers have confirmed the
divisions in reports in recent weeks.

News of the fermentation within the NP has even reached Washington, where U.S. President Reagan
mentioned it at a press conference. Reagan said that there are two factions within the NP. The one group
wants to hold stubbornly to practices from out of the past. The other group, which includes P.W. Botha,
wants changes and has already taken various steps--as many as they could, President Reagan said.

61



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

JOURNALISTS’ SOJOURN WITH UNITA RECOUNTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 4 May 86 p 10

[Article by John D'Oliveira]

{Text] It was an incredible journey by almost any First World standards.

For seven days and six nights we.careened, crawled, crashed, bumped and lurched
our way through the Angolan bush, travelling on Russial Ural military trucks
driven by Unita drivers.

For seven days and six nights "home" for each of us was a square metre on the
bed of an open truck that was almost constantly moving-~sometimes quite vio-
lently.

We literally lived on the trucks.

We spent our days hiding from the fierce Angolan sun or trying (with only
marginal success) to keep from being soaked by sudden rainstorms.

With the exception of one night, we tried to sleep on the trucks as they bored
through the bush. Few of us managed more than an hour or two of troubled
sleep every night.

Aggravating our discomfort was the fact that we--20 journalists, photographers
and TV crewmen--were there more or less by own own choice, participants in yet
another of Dr Jonas Savimbi's Press conferences in what Unita calls "Free
Angola".

Our problem was that the Press conference was not being held at Unita's
"capital" of Jamba, a mere four-hour truck ride from an airstrip in south~-
eastern Angola journalists have come to call the "Jonas Savimbi International
Airport".

We were destined for Munhango, a small town on the Benguela railway line where
Dr Savimbi was born 51 years ago and where his father served for years as the
local stationmaster and protestant minister.

It was Dr Savimbi's northern-most Press conference.

18



by the Mozambican regime have their origins elsewhere? It is not for us to
answer such questions. But we cannot help harboring serious doubts about
Samora Machel's real aims.

In fact, it seems doubtful to us that, even if the Portuguese authorities had
the legal means of silencing the so-called “spokesmen,” of whom President
Machel makes such an issue, it would mean the end of the political and militay
difficulties now seen in Mozambique.

Of course we do not want to make any value judgments here or to pass judgment
on intentions in the case of the statements made by the president of Mozambique.
However, Samora Machel has good reason to believe in the friendship of the
Portuguese people and in Lisbon's desire to maintain the best possible relations
with Maputo. Accusations like those made certainly do not help to clear a
sometimes artificially charged atmosphere.

13116/7051
cso: 3442/166

35



JIPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

CARE DONATION--CARE has donated $100,000 to Tete Province. These funds will be
used to purchase spare parts for trucks used to distribute goods to drought
victims. In 1985, CARE provided Tete Province with a fleet of 23 Leyland trucks.
These vehicles are used to transport goods from the provincial capital to
drought-stricken districts. This year CARE has also donated two tanker trucks
for transporting fuel. According to a CARE official, this international organ-
ization will be providing the province with foodstuffs for drought victims.
[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 86 p 3] 11915/13045

CSO: 3442/180

55



Signs of mutiny were everywhere and concerned Unita officers huddled with Dr
Savimbi before he strode into the firelight to tell us what was happening.
A man of considerable confidence and charisma, Dr Savimbi had the situation
under control within a few minutes.

He told us we were being taken to Munhango where we would be able to see his
frontline troops and where he would hold a Press conference on the battered
railway station. After fielding a flurry of questions, he left us to ensure
that the area was "completely under control".

We reached Munhango in the late afternoon of Friday April 25 and were told
we would spend the night there. Gratefully, we flung our sleeping bags on to
the ground. At last we would get some real sleep.

In the evening Dr Savimbi visited us around our campfire, fielded a string of
questions (mostly about American Stinger missiles) and told us what he had
planned for Saturday.

We ate well and slept like logs.

At first light on Saturday we were up and, by ‘the time it was light enough
for the TV cameras to operate, we went to some of Unita's forward positions to
see Dr Savimbi inspecting his men (in freshly-dug positions) and to photograph
him on the rusted Benguela railway line. .

Then we were told to walk single file into Munhango.

The ragged single file was quickly transformed when ‘Dr Savimbi told us that he
had just received a radio report from the station to say that one of his
soldiers had had his foot blown off by a landmine.

At the station, guards were everywhere.

On parade was a contingent of smart, well~armed Unita soldiers.

Dr Savimbi immediately walked to where the injured man was being treated by
medics, spoke a few words of encouragement to him and then moved off a few
yards to speak to the Press.

Few of us will easily forget the sight of that silent soldier, lying on his
stomach, his eyes wide with shock and pain, 15 cm of his tibia protruding from

his shattered calf, his foot dangling from an almost-severed tendon.

We were told he would be taken to a nearby field hospital for the amputation
of part of his leg then sent to Jamba for convalescence and rehabilitation.

This affected the Press group more than it did the troops.
After the conference, they were given a Savimbi pep-talk. Then they joined

their leader in a traditional Unita song which said, in effect: This year in
Luanda.

21



JPRS*SSA~86+061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LABOR PARTY, NATIONAL PEOPLE'S PARTY HOLD CAUCUS
MB131626 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 13 May 86

[Text] The majority parties in the House of Representatives and the House
of Delegates, the Labor Party [LP] and the National People's Party [NP]
held a joint caucus meeting in Cape Town today for the first time since
the introduction of. the tricameral parliament.

The leader of the LP, the Reverend Allan Hendrickse, told our political
staff after the meeting that the aim was to dismantle the tricameral system
within the next 2 years. The Reverend Hendrickse made it clear that apartheid
was the target of the caucus and everything was being done to remove the
small differences between the two parties so that they could give combined
attention to the main aim. He said that the extent of the decision making
power of the House of Representatives and the House of Delegates was always
realized. The joint caucus was a step taken to stress this. The Reverend
Hendrickse emphasized that the historical agreement did not only relate

to his party and the NPP and that negotiations would be held with other
parties as well including the National Party.

The leader to the NPP, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, said in his reaction to the

agreement that joint caucus decisions would hopefully carry more weight and
have a greater impact if representatives have to be made.

19738
cso: 3400/1707

88



The construction of this dam was decided by the Third FRELIMO Party Congress
and was begun in 1983.

The city of Maputo is supplied with water from the Umbeluzi River. In recent
decades, the city's water supply began to suffer as a result of urban growth,
due to both the river's low volume of flow, mainly during the drought season,
and to the features of the region itself.

The storage of water in the Pequenos Libombos Dam's reservoir will make it
possible to regulate the river's volume of flow downstream from the structure,
a necessary condition for increasing the present water supply of the city of

Maputo.

Moreover, thousands of hectares of arable land, both downstream and upstream
from the dam, will benefit from irrigation. Even at this stage, several
agricultural enterprises are already operating in the area.

The dam will also make it possible to control the river's flooding, as in the
case of one of its main tributaries, the Calichane River, located upstream from

the dam.

Technical Features

The area of the dam's drainage basin is 5,700 square kilometers. The estimated
maximum volume of flow will be 10,220 cubic meters per second.

In periods of drought, the river can have a volume of flow as low as 5 cubic
meters per second. But during rainy periods, this volume of flow can amount

to 4,200 cubic meters per second.

The reservoir's fotal capacity will be 400 x 106 cubic meters and ‘useful capacity
will be 350 x 10° cubic meters. The flooded area will be 38 square kilometers.

The project began with construction of the residential site in January 1983.
The preliminary work of recruiting civil engineering contractors began in late
February and the operations for initial diversion of the river began in April.

The first stage of diverting the river was completed on 9 May 1983, with exca-
vation of the area for installation of the concrete structure having begun in

the meantime.
The second stage of diverting the river took place yesterday.
The Concrete Dam

The Pequenos Libombos Dam is located on the Umbeluzi River, about 35 kilometers
from the city of Maputo and slightly more than 5 kilometers from Boane in the
district of Namaacha.

Utilization of the river involves a combined earthen and concrete dam with a
maximum height of 46 meters above its foundation. For flood control, one main

42



/9317

"There is no reason
why the economy of
‘this country should
be controlled by four

Pepple.

"Namely Harry
Oppenheimer, Anton
‘Rupert, the two
owners of Barlows
and Sanlam," she
charges. .

"The natural wealth
of this country
belongs to its people,
irrespective of race.
They work for it and
therefore must bene>
fit from it."

According to her,
the CP would also
have to decentralise
the economy from
it's concentration
around Johannes-

burg.
rs Graser claims
categorically that the;

. Johannesburg Stock

Exchange is fully |
controlled by the
"Big Four".

“This country is
run by monopoly
capitalism, It is
capitalism gone mad.
It is communism
because it is
controlled by a few
people.

:"No wonder blacks
reject it," she says
with feeling.

CSO: 3400/1758

"Harry Oppen-
heimer has got such a
lot of money, he
does not know what"
to do with it. Instead
he is busy buying the
country -- with the
price of gold being
so high,” she adds.

She accuses Mr
Ophenheimer, the
former chairman of
Anglo American, of
stripping Namibia of
its natural mineral
wealth, so that when
its people become
independent, "they
will have nothing to
live on".

"And they are the
big mouths about
black's suffering,”
she says.

Although she is
adamant that each
race should keep to
itself politically, she
is convinced that all
women of this contry
‘should come together
and fight “monstrous
monopoly capitalism,
which has caused too.
much'misery”.

"It is this type of
capitalism which is
responsible for the
political unrest in the
country, " she says.

"But for women to

‘succeed in their fight

83

‘against monopoly
‘capitalism, they have
‘to be themselves and
not shadows of other

le.
PeePhey must not
hang onto their
men’s jackets for
political recognition,”
says Mrs Graser.

She makes it clear
that she is neither for
nor against any black
political organisation,
as she “does not
belong to any of
them".

But she does not
think that she would
be ruled by a black
government in this
country.

Would she mind
speakin to Mrs

'innie Mandela, in
‘her capacity as wife
of national leader

Nelson Mandela?

"[ don't know her.
‘And my comment
‘would: be very

biased.”

Mrs Graser refused
to be photographed
for this interview.
She said she had
received threatening
phone calls.

In this she is not
alone.



JPRS*SSA*86-061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DIE AFRIKANER REPORTS ON DISSENSIONS WITHIN NP

Fred du Plessis "Deeply Involved'
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 16 Apr 86 p 2

[Article: "Sanlam [South Africa National Life Assurance Company] Boss Involved in Leftist Disturbances in
NP. Du Plessis a ‘New Nat' "]

[Text] Dr. Fred du Plessis, chairman of Sanlam, is "very deeply involved" in leftist disturbances in the NP.
This is according to reliable Political sources in Cape Town.

Du Plessis was also mentioned recently in newspaper reports as a member of the far-left group in the NP
known as the "New Nat's."

The chairman of Sanam achieved sudden political prominance recently when in his speech as president of
the South Africa Foundation he made a plea for a "centristic coalition.” This statement was in sharp
Contrast to a statement made shortly before by Du Plessis at a meeting of policy-holders in Sandton. At
that time he said that businessmen must not try to force the government into a certain political direction but
can only give advice behind the scenes.

Political circles point out that Du Plessis’s "centristic coalition” refers to the center of the entire political
spectrum in this country and not only to white politics. Thus the "centristic coalition” would actually have to
be a leftist coalition.

In the past Du Plessis was viewed as a moderate conservative. In his speeches he has also criticized the
government's dogmatic free-market approach and generally kept a low political profile.

In private conversations during the 1983 referendum campaign Du Plessis expressed his unhappiness
about the behavior of senior Sanlam officials who spoke out publicly in favor of the new constitution.

Du Plessis's acceptance of the presidency of the leftist South Africa Foundation caused many eyebrows
to go up last year. Over the years that body has acquired a reputation as a pressure group for liberal
moneyed interests, although it claims to stay out of politics.

After Du Plessis became president it also came out that there had been contact between the Foundation's
London representative David Willers and the ANC.

The leftist group of which Du Plessis is now a member is reported to consist of factions of the NP and PFP

[Progressive Federal Party], the NRP [New Republic Party], and businessmen. This group, it is said, is
going to found a new party before the end of next year if the government does not reach an agreement

60



JPRS«SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RIGHT-WING GROUPS REFUSE INTERVIEWS--This week THE NEW NATION tried to speak
to various conservative white leaders about their beliefs and current

events in South Africa--but most of them refused to be interviewed. Eugene
TerreBlanche, leader of the Afrikaanse Weerstandbeweging, answered our
request by saying: "I am not interested in an interview with your newspaper.
Please, I don't hate you or your people. What I say and what I do is for
me and my people alone. "You must use your newspaper to influence your
people to behave in a civil manner. You must use it to stop them fighting
one another. I am sorry, I cannot speak to you and thank you very much."
When we tried to approach the Kappie Kommando's president, Mrs Marie van Zyl,
a "Kommandant" Fisher replied that Mrs Van Zyl did not want to speak to

THE NEW NATION. "She is a very Christian woman. She does not speak to
non-Christians." Asked what made her think our reporter was not a Christian
"Kommandant" Fisher said: "People like Bishop Tutu are not Christians."
Told that it was not Bishop Desmond Tutu who wanted to interview her, she
ingisted strongly that Mrs van Zyl "would not speak to non-Christians."
[Text] [Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 9-21 May 86 p 7] /9317

PARAMILITARY SKILLS--A unique paramilitary unit providing technical skills
and military training for under-qualified coloured men would be established
in Kimberley next January, the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan
announced in Parliament yesterday. The first intake on January 1, 1987
would be of 200 men, but the second intake in 1988 would be much greater.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 May 86 p 4] /9317

NEW LINE FOR POLICE INFORMERS--The Tembisa Town Council has become the
latest group to ‘open the line' for new police informers. In its newsletter
dated May 1986, the council urged Tembisa residents to inform the police
about unrest related matters without any fear of victimisation. "The

South African Police has introduced a system whereby a person can phone
information to them and remain anonymous. The system was introduced
because of fear of people being exposed after giving information to the
police. "Now all you have to do is phone the given number and leave your
message on the tape recording machine. There is thus no way that you could
be identified," stated the newsletter which was distributed to the residents
from the administration offices. When reporters dialed the numbers, the
reply in both English and Afrikaans was: "This is the automatic answering
service of the Security Branch. Please leave your message or information

84



JPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH TANZANIA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Mar 86 p 1

[Text] The Joint Mozambique-Tanzania Commission established Saturday a coopera-
tion program in the fields of agriculture, industry, education, culture, health
and information for the period 1986/87.

According to a joint communique issued in the Tanzanian capital at the end of
the 11th Session of the Joint Commission, the parties signed a commercial
protocol for the current year. The communique called for greater efforts

to avoid problems in implementing the protocol.

The minister of health of Mozambique, Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi, and the minister
of industry and commerce of Tanzania, Basil Mramba, directed the work of the
11th Session of the Joint Commission.

The two countries agreed, during 1986, to exclude the so-called “traditional
trade" of commodities, specifically coffee and cotton. It was decided that
Tanzania would export to Mozambique other products such as domestic electrical
and aluminum appliances.

The Joint Communique indicated that free trade in the region of Rovumba (RFTA)
will be established beginning the first of next August. With respect to Lake
Niassa, the communique added that navigational possibilities for the benefit
of both countries will be studied.

The two parties reiterated their continuing support, moral and material, for
the struggle for the liberation of southern Africa.

They condemned the aggression and destabilization instigated by South Africa
against Mozambique and other neighboring independent states of the region
and the oppression of the South African and Namibian people by Pretoria.

The 11th Session highlighted the achievements of the program during the 1985/86
period and pointed out that much still remains to be accomplished in bilateraral
cooperation.

The next session will be held in the Mozambican capital on a date to be announced.

29



JPRS«SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

ENGINEER DESCRIBES LOBITO PORT DIFFICULTIES
Luanda JORNAL ‘DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jan 86 p 3

[Text] Lobito (Benguela)--According to information given to the local Regional
Broadcasting Station by the director of the Port Company of Lobito, engineer
Fernando Falcao, a marine institute to train personnel in a variety of expertises
for the merchant marine of the People's Republic of Angola will open this

year in the city of Lobito.

Elaborating on more details about the future marine institute, Fernando Falcao
judged the opening of such an enterprise very important since, as he related,
the country lacks personnel in the field of. maritime navigation.

As an example, he pointed to the case of Lobito's Commercial Port which operates
with a reduced number of tugboat skippers and added that the only bar pilot
working in the company is East German.

The marine institute will occupy the five floors of the building in which

the provincial delegation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications
operates. Its staff will be provided by professors from the People's Republic
of Poland, while the UNDP (UN Development’ Program) will finance its installa—
tion.

Fernando Falcao expressed his concern about Lobito's Commercial Port which,
he said, runs the risk of becoming congested if some important and urgent
Measures are not taken.

Falcao said that more than 60,000 tons of various merchandise destined ‘for
the provinces of Huambo, Bie, and Kuando-Kubango are being held in the port
without much chance of being moved, at least not within the near future.

According to Falcao this situation is due not only to the fact that the Benguela
Railroads, the principal way of moving the merchandise, are not fully operating,
but also to the lack of resources to guarantee normal port operation, namely
the lack of machines to move containers.

Repair work on the entrance to the pier of Porto-Amboim aggravated the situa—
tion even more, because the merchandise destined for South Kwanza Province
is being unloaded in the Lobito Port. The port director thinks that in those
zones not serviced by the Benguela Railroad, highways should be used to move
this merchandise.



JPRS*SSA~86-061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FLIGHT OF FOREIGN CAPITAL, BLACK MARKET EXAMINED
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 19 Apr 86 p 10

[Text] The exact amount of foreign currency fraudulently leaving the coffers
of the Bank of Mozambique is, for the present, a well guarded secret, if,
indeed, anyone knows the precise sum.

This week, the police arrested 20 persons, including 4 bank officials from

the foreign sector. There is every indication that we are witnessing a network
with international connections. From the communiques released to the public,
one learns that the network has branches at least in South Africa and Portugal,
in whose banks sums escaping the Mozambican coffers are reportedly deposited.

Judging from the statements made by the police, claimed to be based on the
confessions of some persons in custody, the method consisted of issuing checks,
bank drafts, and travelers' checks sold to private individuals, and later
deposited outside the country.

According to the police account, an official admitted to having stolen three
checks, the value of which enabled him to purchase two cars, a BMW and a Ford
XR-3, from a middleman, who is also in jail. The police, in this case the
SNASP [National People's Security Service], promised to reveal the entire
proceedings as soon as they had concluded.

The demand for foreign currency is great among Mozambican citizens, but few can
purchase it, owing to its high cost. Foreign currency is often the only means
whereby the common citizen can procure enough to purchase items like delicacies,
and necessary things, like soap, toothpaste, rice, a little meat, edible oil,

etc.

In the specific instance of soap, it does not always show up in the national
supply system and, when it does exist, it is obviously insufficient. For
example, a family with from one to three persons is entitled to half a kilogram
of soap per month; with one to six members, to 1 kilogram; and from six to nine,
a kilogram and a half. A kilogram of soap costs 17.5 meticals on the legal
market, and about 1,500 on the black market.

People are forced to resort to the parallel market, or else the free trade shops
where prices are quoted in foreign currency, which either comes from relatives

44



UNITA URGES ZAMBIA NOT TO PROVIDE ATTACK BASE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 May 86 p

[Text ] LISBON. — Leaders of

19274
cso:

Angola’s Unita group
yesterday urged Zambia
not to allow Angolan gov-
ernment forces to use its
territory as a base for an
offensive against guerrilla
strongholds. .

The central committee
of Unita (National Union
for the Total Indepen-
dence of Angola) said in a
statement distributed in

| Lisbon that it had infor-
mation about “provoca-
tive movements” of An-
golan and Cuban forces
on the Zambian side of
the border next to the
Angolan provinces of
Moxico and Cuando Cu-
bango.

Unita, led by Dr Jonas
Savimbi, has fought An-
gola’s Marxist govern-
ment since independence
from Portugal in 1975,
and says it is expecting a
big Cuban and _Soviet-
backed government of-
fensive.

But Western diplomats
expressed surprise at the
suggestion that Angolan
and Cuban forces might

3400/1746

launch the attacks against
Unita from — Zambian
territory and with the co-
operation of the Zambian
government.

The diplomats said
Unita was believed to
have previously enjoyed a
certain freedom of move-
ment on Angola’s frontier
with Zambia and with
Zaire to the north.

The Unita statement,
which followed a meeting
of the central committee
at the group’s Jamba base
in Angola from May 1 to
9, said the Zambian gov-
ernment would be en-
tirely responsible for any
counter-attack by Unita
forces if they were threat-
ened.

Dr Savimbi’s central
committee expressed “‘ap-
preciation and satisfac-
tion” at the recent US de-
cision to give military aid
to Unita, the statement
said.

The committee said
Unita rebels were now re-

inforced by — “‘sophis-
ticated new means”, an
apparent reference to the
anti-tank and anti-aircraft
missiles which US Con-
gressional sources have
said are part of the US
aid.

Unita’s leaders repeat-
ed their willingness to ne-
gotiate with the Angolan
government, on the
understanding that this
would lead to the wi
drawal of all foreign
troops from Angola and
to the formation of a gov-
ernment of national
unity. The government
has so far refused. —
Sapa-Reuter.

JPRS~S84~864067
2 June 1986

ANGOLA


JPRS~SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FONDO SAYS SECURITY SITUATION IN INHAMBANE IMPROVING
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 86 p 3
[Article by Estacio Baptista]

[Text] The military commander of Inhambane Province, Maj Gen Dominos Fondo,
described the present military and political situation of that province as one
of notable progress in restoring peace and order. Domingos Fondo, who spoke
with NOTICIAS, assessed the main political, military and social action taken
in Inhambane and revealed that a "considerable ‘improvement in efforts to
eliminate armed robbery and to combat hunger and poverty" has been noted.

Inhambane's political-military situation in 1985 was characterizediby the analysis,
publication and implementation of the resolutions of the Fourth FRELIMO Party

Congress.

With the revitalization of government and party organs as its basis, an exten-
sive mass process was begun to launch an offensive against armed robbers and
to neutralize criminals attempting at all costs to destabilize the population
through agitation and lying.

In his interview, Domingos Fondo said that special attention is being given to
reorganizing FAM [Mozambique Armed Forces], with priority assigned to methods
for combating armed robbery. Government and party brigades have therefore been
established to carry out the various operations for increasing public awareness
in districts in which defense of the country is most needed.

As a result of these operations, 98 armed robbers, 9 of whom are women, have
appropriately been detained at the Rehabilitation Center in Chiduque.

Maj Gen Domingos Fondo stated: "Despite the difficulties, throughout the
province it has been possible to establish 718 community settlements thanks to
the intensive work carried out by our forces in close coordination with the
party, the government and the population in general. Armed robbers are desper-
ate. In 1985, 10 robbers, with their respective weapons, and 2 without weapons
surrendered to FAM. During the same period, we captured 8 armed and 15 unarmed

robbers.

38 i]



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

VISIT TO OIL INSTALLATIONS DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Mar 86 p 1
[Article by Samuel Cunha]

(Text] Luanda--The information ministers of the five African countries where
Portuguese is the official language traveled yesterday to Ambriz municipality,
where they paid a lengthy visit to the Petromar shipyards, as part of the
schedule of visits to some of the country's main economic hubs.

The ministers, who were accompanied by senior Sonangol and Petromar management,
received explanations on site about the operation of the above-mentioned ship-
yeards.

Petromar is a mixed company, composed of Sonangol and Bouygues Offshore
(French), specialized in platform construction and other oil exploration work
and in training Angolan personnel for the sector.

At present, its objective is to reach step by step the pace of 60,000 hours

a month manufacturing jackets and decks, and to diversify shipyard activities
into other sectors, thus transforming it into an industrial center turned
essentially to the development of Ambriz municipality and of all Bengo province.

Ambriz municipality is one of the most important regions of Bengo province,
whose population is an estimated 12,000.

However, still according to the visit plan, the heads of the delegations to

the meeting of information ministers from African countries where the official
language is Portuguese will travel today to Soyo municipality, Zaire Province,
in order to visit oil installations located there, contrary to what we announced
yesterday. The above-mentioned meeting will take place starting tomorrow

until the 26th of this month.

13165/13045
CSO: 3442/202

17



The Spanish shipbuilder notes that several times it. tried to make the Angolans
realize how absurd the situation was and what problems such a large number of
boats caused for the Spanish shipyards, who need access to their docks for the
normal activities that were severely impacted by the presence of the Angolan
boats. Then a slight change in the situation occurs--ENATIP and the shipyeards
reach an agreement under which the shipyeards will take responsibility for
maintenance of the boats until they are transported to Angola. For its part,
Angola promised that the transportation of the boats would occur as soon as
possible (the boats are still in Spain).

What kinds of problems are created by this systematic delay in completing such
an order, apart from its being so essential? We cite only a few: The costs

of dockage and maintenance for the boats had risen, according to the CONSTRUNAVES
letter, to something like 37.7 million pesetas by the 28th of February 1985.

At this time the bill has climbed to 92 million pesetas. It is said that the
bills for the period up to February 1985 were sent to Mr Dombaxi Tepa, the head
of ENATIP. The Spaniards had not received one peseta (payment is in dollars)
by December, the date of the letter in-our possession. The bill for 92 million
pesetas was also sent to Mr Capela Dombaxi Tepa. "We have no indication what-
soever that ENATIP has ordered payment of the bill." And that's not the end
of it.

According to the CONSTRUNAVES letter, "Mr Capela Dombaxi, in a meeting at our
office on 3 December 1985, asserted that ENATIP would take no responsibility
for the costs of maintenance starting on 1 January 1986. As such there is a
serious risk of deterioration of the boats if there delivery acceptance con-
tinues to be delayed."

Obviously the bills for dockage and maintenance ought to be paid by ENATIP-—
say the Spaniards--so that the boats can finally leave the shipyeards.

But ENATIP has not. yet paid earlier bills such as those associated with "the
stay of Polish technicians in Spain during the construction of the boats
beginning in June 1983." The article in the JORNAL DE ANGOLA to which we
already referred says, "The Polish technical team appointed by the Angolan
fishing ministry to monitor construction asked for certain alterations in the
design of the boats." And that the Spanish shipbuilders began construction
of the boats without having received an official reply from Angola with regard
to designs that. had previously been submitted. The JORNAL DE ANGOLA wrote,
"The silence on the part of Angola led some of the shipbuilders to build boats
with compartments that were too small, and that would, according to experts in
the field, make the activities during fishing operations difficult to carry
out." A disturbing question is raised here: Who is answerable for the negli-
gence with regard to a contract that cost the Angolans dozens of millions of
dollars? Even granting that on the part of the Spaniards there may have been
abuses in the interpretation of the contract, why is it that ENATIP throughout
the process maintained such an Olympian silence?

NAVIPA Involvement

Again we cite the JORNAL DE ANGOLA: "Another question with regard to the
contract is the involvement of the Portuguese firm NAVIPA (a naval equipment

12



IPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

SAVIMBI WARNS ZAMBIA OF REPRISALS AT PRESS CONFERENCE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 May 86 p 13
[Article by Brian Stuart]

{Text ] Cape Town--Unita leader Dr Jonas Savimbi has warned Zambia's President
Kenneth Kaunda that any attack on Unita from Zambian territory will lead to
reprisals.

“We will not allow Kaunda to come in without making him pay the price," Dr
Savimbi said at a Press conference yesterday.

He left for his Jamba headquarters yesterday after talks in Cape Town with
Mr P W Botha, the State President, Mr Pik Botha, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
and General Magnus Malan, Minister of Defence, stretching over three days.

Dr Savimbi said he came to South Africa to "exchange information" on the
eve of an expected MPLA offensive against Unita.

Secondly, he wanted to know whether South Africa intended to implement UN
Security Council Resolution 435 for independence in South West Africa from
August 1, even if there was no agreement by Angola on the withdrawal of Cuban
troops.

Little Hope

The SA Government has said Resolution 435 depends on an agreed Cuban withdrawal.
In Parliament this week, Mr Pik Botha said he saw little hope of success in
these negotiations for the moment.

Dr Savimbi indicated at the Press conference that South Africa's attitude to
Cuban withdrawal was of prime importance to Unita in its attempts to persuade
the Luanda government to negotiate a "government of national unity" in Angola.

Dr Savimbi agreed with Mr Botha's assessment that Luanda's attitude had hardened
since the United States began giving military aid to Unita.

But, he added, this was "a first reaction" . He believed that the MPLA would
be compelled to negotiate once they realised that any delay could only make
their situation worse.



JPRSSSA~86*061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE CHANGES IN PRESIDENT'S FUNCTIONS EXAMINED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 1 May 86 pp 1-2

{Summary of Interview with President P.W. Botha by Alf Ries: "President's
Post Might Be Adjusted]

[Text] The government is considering important changes in the post of the
executive state president in order to lighten his tremendous burden.

This was apparent from a comprehensive interview which DIE BURGER held
yesterday with the State President Mr P.W. Botha on the oceasion of the
anniversary of his 50th year in politics and public life.

In the interview President Botha looked back on his long career which took him
from organizer of the National Party of Cape Province to the highest office in
the country, but he also talked about current affairs of the National Party
and South Africa.

As to his workload, President Botha did not specifically wish to go into the
possibility of a vice state president being appointed, but he said that in the
long run it would not be physically possible to continue as he is doing now.

Among the important standpoints offered by President Botha (the complete
interview appears on page 13), are the following"

--Individuals in the ANC who are not communists and who renounce violence are
welcome to return to South Africa in order to participate in constitutional
discussions. No action will be taken against them.

--The federal congress of the National Party presents an important opportunity
where future actions on ethnic relations and steps on the progress and
stability of South Africa will be discussed.

--It is utter nonsense to accuse him and his government of treason and of
selling out the whites.

67



On our way back to Mavinga we stopped at a Unita camp where we were shown 40
or so FAPLA deserters. Many were teenagers, conscripted from their schools,
with the youngest a only 15. All belonged to trives which overwhelmingly

supported Unita.
One, called Cardoso, told us (through Unita interpreters) that he had
been “captured" while he was at school and drafted into FAPLA. However, he

had deserted and made his way to Unita positions because he did not want to
fight his "brothers".

Two excruciating days and nights later we were back in Mavinga, waiting for the
plane from Wonderboom.

We were taken on a tour of the derelict town, but we saw only a handful of the
thousands of frontline troops expected to bear the brunt of the anticipated
FAPLA attack within the next few weeks.

Hidden in the bush, we could have passed within 100 m (or even less) of a
major camp and seen nothing.

From the air, however, we saw glowing campfires which suggested a large defen-
sive force.

But we were too tired to think, too relieved to be sinking into soft seats,
which were not attached to the mechanical equivalent of an unbroken stallion.

There were two lessons to be learned from the trip--at least.
One: Never again.
Two: Don't underestimate Unita.

19274

22



JIPRS-SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

MINISTER VAN~DUNEM VISITS MALONGO, CONDEMNS U.S. POLICY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Feb 86 pp 1, 12

{Article by Joao Pokongo]

[Text] Cabinda--While in Cabinda, Angolan Energy and Petroleum Minister Pedro
de Castro Van-Deunem "Loy" denounced and condemned the intentions of the
American government to boycott the People's Republic of Angola as expressed in
the position taken by Chester Crocker whereby American companies operating in
Angola should be prepared to pull out of Angola in defense of American interests.

The minister of energy and petroleum, also a member of the MPLA-Labor Party's
Politburo, speaking yesterday at the Cabinda-Gulf Oil Company at a meeting with
all the domestic and foreign employees of that American oil company, emphasized
that "pulling the American companies out of Angola would be a serious blow to
our country inasmuch as we are greatly dependent on oil."

He then added, "We shall not cease our operations in Cabinda in view of the
assurances already given by the exploratory company, CHEVRON, based on an
emergency plan already drawn up and in the approval stage. "Thus," he asserted,
the Reagan administration is mistaken."

Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem also condemned Reagan's belief that withdrawing the
American companies would cause Angola to abandon its socialist option.

"When the Angolan Government announced its willingness to continue negotiations
with the U.S. Government to seek a solution to the problem of Namibia's indepen-
dence, we were profoundly offended by the attitude of the Reagan administration
in inviting and receiving the traitor Jonas Savimbi," lamented the member of

the party's Politburo.

At the meeting, Loy, also minister of state for the production sector, praised
the spirit of the Malongo workers who, as he said, do not spare any efforts in
following and. seeing that others follow the guidelines of our party and state.

The domestic and foreign workers of that oil company, in turn, voiced their
deep displeasure at the gesture of the White House tenant in receiving the
traitor Jonas Savimbi and expressed in a messagé read at the meeting labor's
willingness to carry out the plans established with regard to the edification
of a country devoid of exploitation of man by man.



The Corumana dam, after its completion, will permit the storage of 60 thousand
cubic meters of water, contributing not only to flood control but also to
irrigation of lands in the Sabie valley.

It is planned to construct a hydroelectric plant at the dam site, with a capa-
city of 14 megawatts; this will supply electricity to about 160 thousand inhabi-
tants of the region and to an agroindustry which the nature of this project
will foster.

After being served refreshments, Presidents Aristides Pereira and Samora Machal
left Corumana and went to the place where the Pequenos Libombos dam is to

be built. Here they learned about the progress of that project, which will
primarily supply drinking water to the city of Maputo.

To be constructed only 35 km from Maputo, the Pequenos Libombos dam has socio-
economic purposes similar to those of Corumana. It is designed to store water
and control the flow of the Umbeluz river, irrigating also the valley of the
same name as well as that of the Tembe.

Necessary Struggle

The presence of technicians busily engaged in their tasks was evident at both
construction sites.

The two chiefs of state observed the effective cooperation between the defense
forces and the contractors, inasmuch as these projects so important to the
development of our country require protection against the designs of the im-
perialist forces which, employing armed bands, are trying to halt the process
of development.

For this reason, in speeches delivered Saturday night at the official dinner,
both President Aristides Pereira and his counterpart Samora Machel underlined
the necessity for the strictest solidarity of all African nations with the
struggle of the Front Line countries, particularly in our country and in the
People's Republic of Angola, to defeat the maneuvers of the imperialists aimed
at turning back the course of history.

In his speech the Cape Verde chief of state emphasized the need to frustrate
the attempts of imperialism through armed bands in our country and in Angola
that seek to regain positions lost with the independence of the two states.

He added that no strategy can contain the people of South Africa and Nambia

in their struggle for liberty, justice, and independence.

President Samora Machel said in his speech that “the Mozambican people will
never bow to blackmail and war and will always carry with them the certainty
of victory. The Angolan people reject the aggression perpetrated by puppet
bands and by the regular army of South Africa.”

“We believe it necessary to persist in a meaningful effort to unmask the forces
in the international arena that seek to promote, encourage, and give credibility
to puppets, armed bandits, and terrorists," the Mozambican chief of state
added.

27



Similar functions in respect to black people outside the national states,
now exercised by the Department of Constitutional Affairs, will in due
course be transferred to black political decision-makers. What remains--
the "general affairs" of provincial councils--will be the responsibility
of the new authorities, whose members may be drawn from all communities.

It is important that the system should be flexible in accommodating regional
and other differences. Provision is made, for example, for joint executive
bodies like that envisaged for KwaZulu and Natal.

In some quarters there is concern about a weakening of democracy since the
new bodies will be appointed by the'state president instead of being elected.

But provincial councils have always been under the political control of
the central. government (they are at present dependent on it for 85 percent
of their revenue), and the situation of their successors will be no
different. Political power remains in the hands of a body composed of
slected representatives. What does seem to be taking place is a shift
towards the central government involving itself more directly in policy
making at the second tier.

That is justified by the need to coordinate complex and wide-ranging
constitutional changes, but in the long term the diverse interests of the
South African population will dictate a return to devolution of real
political power to the lowest possible levels of government.

The new provincial dispensation will prove itself in practice. At this
stage the essential test is whether the design takes cognisance of the
political claims of all South Africans.

19738
cso: 3400/1707

96



JPRS*SSA~86-061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DURBAN NEWSPAPER REJECTS TUTU PRESS CRITICISM
MB131053 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0829 GMT 13 May 86

[Text] Durban, 13 May (SAPA)--Bishop Desmond Tutu is a colorful and forceful
speaker, and his challenging views of the shortcomings of the South African
press delivered at the International Press Institute [IPI] conference

in Vienna yesterday were no doubt accorded the attention and respect due

to a Nobel Peace Prize winner and an Anglican archbishop-elect, the Durban-
based NATAL MERCURY says in an editorial today.

His references to the “formidable handicaps," curbs and restrictions under
which newspapers in this country labor covered ground that was familiar
enough to his audience of international newsmen. But the real thrust of
his attack was that “white newspapers tenddd to identify their immediate
interests with white interests and not with the long-term interests of the
nation as a whole.

They had "by and large fallen down very badly in executing this very
formidable communications exercise."

With facile ecclesiastical rhetoric that glosses. over the hard commercial
realities of running a free press in a free-enterprise society, Bishop
Tutu depicts the. South African press as having “sold its soul in exchange
for immediate advantages, mainly financial ones," and being guilty of
having "abandoned its birthright for a mess of pottage."

Other newspapers can speak for themselves, but for our part we utterly
reject this charge, as well as the charge of having done "a grave dis-
service" by not helping readers to prepare for inevitable political and
social change, the MERCURY says. Our record over the years amply bears
that out.

In the bishop's idealistic. world, newspapers, funded by inexhaustible
supplies of money, would continue to publish what he thinks they ought to
publish, regardless of losses. But life is not like that. Newspapers have
to take account of the judgments of the market place, and those that do not
go under, as the bishop well knows.

89



Eng Antonio Mangueira, deputy general manger of SONANGOL, Joao Garcia, coordin-
ator of the productive sector department of the party's Cabinda Provincial
Committee, and Agostinho Emiliano Francisco, deputy provincial commissioner of
Cobinda, also attended the meeting held by the minister of energy and petroleum
with the Malongo workers in Cabinda.

The minister has now left this city to return to Luanda, the nation's capital.

8568/13045
CSO: 3442/169



JPRS“SSA*86-061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SAYS NEW PROVINCIAL SYSTEM 'STEP FORWARD’
MB1401017 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0545 GMT 14 May 86
[Station Commentary]

[Text] The plan announced this week for restructuring second tier government
in South Africa has elicited widely diverse reactions. That is not surprising.
The proposed new system differs in fundamental respects from the provincial
councils which have operated in the country for three-quarters of a century,
and which were themselves based on their colonial predecessors.

Such a change from long-established practices naturally creates uncertainty,
even where it is accepted that the traditional system has outlived its
time. No doubt the new provincial administration system will have its
faults, which will emerge and be dealt with when it is in operation.

That is how any constitutional advance is tested and refined to meet the
needs of the society for which it was devised. Presumably in this case
also the end product will look rather different from the original design.

But critics should not lose sight of the wood for the trees: The provincial
dispensation that comes into being on 1 July represents the first genuine
attempt since 1910 to create second-level governmental authorities aimed
at meeting the particular requirements of South Africa's diverse society.

As such it is another step forward in a constitutional program which has as
its central purpose the replacement of imported political structures with
others that are specifically designed to accommodate the realities and
political aspirations of South Africans.

Like other evolving structures in the constitutional program, this
development reflects the division between the own affairs of communities
controlled by themselves and those matters of government that affect all
(in which there must be joint decision-making). In fact, a process has
been under way for some time to. transfer the “own affairs" functions of
provincial councils to the individual houses of parliament.

95



JPRS«SSA*86*061
12 June 1986

SOUTH *AFRICA’

DU PLESSIS SAYS RECOVERY ‘FAR WEAKER' THAN HOPED
MB151533 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1441 GMT 15 May 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 15 May (SAPA)--Private industry "watchdogs" to
monitor government spending will be appointed within the next few days.
This was announced by the minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, in
Port Elizabeth today.

‘

He told the congress of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants
at the University of Port Elizabeth that the government had for some time
been monitoring productivity in the public service and could claim to have?
made "not insignificant" progress on this front. .

He drew attention to the steps hé had outlined in his budget speech that -
the current expenditure of government departments was to be critically
evaluated by a special task group consisting of leaders from the private

sector.

"The names of the group will be announced within days and I place a lot
of faith in their ability to identify where savings can be made," the
minister said.

Dealing with the general economic situation, Mr Du Plessis said data
received by the government in recent weeks indicated that South Africa's
economic upswing had so far been "far weaker" than had been hoped for at
the time of the budget in March.

But since the budget there had been some welcome further developments such
as the continued fall in the oil price without an accompanying fall in
the gold price, the firmer trend of the rand and better prospects for
agriculture.

“But domestically the imminent recovery has as yet not been particularly
visible.

"T am certainly anxious that we should not do so crass a thing as to talk
ourselves out of an incipient recovery. But it would be equally ill-advised
for any of us to assume that the march measures were so perfectly tailored
to our situation as to require no subsequent adjustments.”

100



JIPRS*SSA+86-061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS VIEWS ON CP, HNP UNITY
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 23 Apr 86 p 1

[Article: "No Instant Solution for Unity on the Right. Marais States His Position"; capitalized passages
emphasized in original]

[Text] Unity between the HNP and the CP must come from working together and must not be approached
in terms of instant solutions.

Jaap Marais, the leader of the HNP, has just reaffirmed that standpoint.

The HNP leader talked at length about unity on the right in a conversation with the new rightist journal of
opinion QUO VADIS; he also answered a question on the subject during the meeting he recently
addressed in the Johannesburg city hall.

QUO VADIS asked Marais whether he thinks that the HNP and the CP will ever join together. His answer
was: "Of course. The policy differences are too great to bridge. | believe that we must seek as many
opportunities as possible to work together. There is unfortunately also the human factor.”

n

“| do not believe an instant solution is possible; the built-in differences are still too great for that. But the
further we move away from the Vorster era, the more possible it becomes. In the end there will HAVE to be
just one party.”

The journal also asked for Marais's comments on claims that he and CP leader Dr. A.P. Treurnicht have
been opposing each other since 1970 and will never work together. Marais replied that he never opposed
Treurnicht on a personal basis, but rather on policy differences. "Another story going round is that the
difference between us is over who will be the leader of that one conservative party. Leadership has never
been a problem with me. As we work together more, the people will get to know their leaders for
themselves and a future leader will make himself known.”

In Johannesburg when Marais was asked about cooperation on the right, he replied that some parties--the
NKP, the AOF [Action Own Future], and the CP--came into being after the foundation of the HNP in 1969.
All these parties were founded because they would not agree to join the HNP. This resulted in built-in
divisions within Afrikaner ranks. "Now that these divisions have been built in, people say--even some of
those people who were part of this process--that we have to become one."

If there had been no differences between the parties, there would have been no reason for them to exist.

The very existence of the various parties is thus the best evidence that there are differences and that
those differences were so great that they would not agree to join together.

63



JPRS*SSA~86-061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

P.W. BOTHA ON NATIONAL PARTY, POLITICAL SITUATION
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 1 May 86 p 13

[Interview with State President P.W. Botha by BURGER reporter Alf Ries: 1948
was a Turning Point--P.W. Botha"]

[Text] The state president, Mr P.W. Botha, today celebrates his 50th year in
politics and public life. In this interview with Alf Ries, political reporter
of DIE BURGER, President Botha talks about his career, the current political
situation and the future. .

The complete interview held yesterday by DIE BURGER with State President Mr
P.W. Botha on the anniversary of his 50th year in politics and public life
reads as follows:

Question: Your career in politics now spans a period of 50 years. If you
were faced with that choice today, would you choose a political career again?

Answer: I have no reason to doubt the choice I made many years ago. I did it
at the time because I believed that the people I am part of should be brought
out of their weak position. I have witnessed the progress of the Afrikaner
since the thirties. I think that the Afrikaner has made tremendous progress
in all areas and has not only earned his position rightfully, but with it he
has also taken new and greater responsibilities on his shoulders. Thus that
was worthwhile in spite of the struggle and disappointments, and I would do it
again.

Question: What would you single out as important high points and
disappointments?

Answer: 1948 was a big experience for me, a turning point in the history of
South Africa. To a lesser extent, but still important, was what I achieved in
the George election district with the joint campaign we had there to give an
impoverished part of our people new hope and created opportunities for their
ehildren.

Another high point was certainly the opportunity to start serving as a member

of the Cabinet. The years I was involved with housing were especially
pleasant years. You could clearly see your achievements, and you could help

69



The letter ends as follows: "We request that the director-general intervene,
providing a rapid solution to the problems described, since not to do so could
create an extreme situation undesirable for both parties."

In a sense we have already arrived at an extreme situation of another kind:

Only an extreme situation can explain the waste of resources that are essential
to the Angolan economy, and the squandering (even if for the moment only on
paper) of millions of dollars that such poor countries need for essentials.
Meanwhile, the territorial waters of Angola continue to be exploited by others.
Over and over again, with no regard for the rules that have to do with sovereign
countries and peoples who have won their independence. One has to navigate.

But not in troubled waters.

12857/13045
CSO: 3442/168

14



JPRS+SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RAJBANSI SAYS SABC ARROGANT TOWARD: INDIANS
MB121941 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1903 GMT 12 May 86

[Text] House of Delegates, 12 May (SAPA)--Senior SABC officials were
arrogant and had treated the Indian community "like dirt",. the chairman
of the Council of Ministers Mr Amichand Rajbansi,.,said in the house today.

Speaking during the debate on the foreign affairs vote, he said SATV had
played down his speech in the House of Assembly recently because "I am
not white. Those who are arrogant in the SABC must be taken out and
replaced by those who can move with the times."

All submissions for more time for Indian programs had fallen on deaf
ears. If necessary, he would go to the state president, Mr P.W. Botha,
if the arrogance continued. "The SABC has treated us like dirt," he said.

At our national cultural celebrations they can't give us one minute.

Mr Pat Poovalingam (Sol [Solidarity] Reservoir Hills) said not enough had
been done by SATV--a potent medium--to influence the thinking of fear-
ridden whites.

Replying to the debate, the deputy minister of foreign affairs, Mr Ron
Miller, said all complaints would be taken up by a high-level body of SABC
officials.

He reminded members that, while the SABC board was sensitive to the needs
of all communities, Indian members should remember that Indians comprised
only four percent of the population.

There were 600,000 Portuguese, for example, who would also like more time
on radio and TV, he said.

/9738
cso: 3400/1707

97



Even on the so-called "Portuguese" roads (too dangerous for Unita to use),
Munhango is more than 60 km from Mavinga's heavily~guarded airstrip.

We do not know how far we travelled on Unita's bush tracks but it must have
been at least 700 km.

For people used to Western comfort levels, the journey was an excruciating,
painful one.

However, it provided us with a rare opportunity to see Unita at work and it
threw together for a week men and women from the First World, most of whom
had come to take luxury for granted, with a band of tough Third World rebels
for whom the "war" had become almost a way of life.

Most had come to Unita straight from school or university. Many had started
fighting the Portuguese in the late Sixties then switched to fighting the
Marxists MPLA government when it seized power in 1975.

Ironically, the social system evolved by Unita during its 20 years of fight-
ing probably comes closer to the Marxist ideal of "from each according to his
ability, to each according to his needs" than any other in Africa.

But it is a Marxist society that has grown out of necessity. It is burdened
neither with the inflexible ideology or the massive bureaucracy that smothers
initiative, innovation, efficiency and growth in the Communist world.

Basically, there is no money in "Free Angola"; nobody gets paid; everybody
works for the cause and Unita provides all necessities.

It is what Unita calls the “war economy" and many of the movement's officers
are apprehensive about the effects on Unita's coherence when it becomes in-
volved in running Angola (which they believe is inevitable) and when its mem
bers return to life in a mixed economy.

Having arrived at Mavinga airstrip at sunset on Monday April 21 we stood with
a contingent of Unita frontline troops and watched the well--used Dakota (per-
ated out of Wonderboom airport by a Pretoria air charter company) take off
down a darkened runway marked by makeshift flares.

Hidden from our view were unspecified anti-aircraft weapons which Unita said
were effective enough to have discouraged regular bombing raids by FAPLA (the
Angolan armed forces) aircraft.

Standing by were the three 6 x 6 Russian Ural trucks which would transport
our party of 20 and about 20 Unita soldiers.

They had been captured from Fapla in the big offensive against Navinga between
August and October last year, re-engined with Deutz air-cooled diesel engines
in Unita workshops and then used extensively as basic transport by the rebels.

All three had bulletholes in the bodywork.

19



JPRS«SSA+86+061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

REPORTER ANALYZES SOCIOPOLITICAL CHANGES SINCE INDEPENDENCE
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 pp 46-R, 47-R, 48-R
[Article by Antonio Pacheco: "Mozambique: The Return of the ‘Hard Ones'"]

[Text] Now that 11 years have elapsed since independence, Mozambique has an
image abroad of a country that is politically isolated: a kind of wearing away,
wherein nothing will change until the final collapse; something which is
simultaneously true and false.

On the one hand, it is correct if we recall that certain areas of power, namely,
the military "lobby," are still demanding silence concerning the war, as if

the denial of the evidence would lead somewhere. It is also true, if we recall
that there is no reflection upon the crisis, the war, or the future. But it is
false to claim that there is no freedom to criticize; something which is, in fact,
often inspired and encouraged by certain political agencies, but which has its
leading center of concern in the university. This holds true of a seminar held
during the second semester of 1985 on "Ideology and National Liberation,"
directed by Mario de Andrade and Aquino de Braganca, at which some questions
were put forth regarding ethno-nationalism, the class origin of the liberation
movement, and the role of the assimilated persons. It was apparently a meeting
of academics, with the resumption of debates pertaining to the decade ‘of the
1960's. But some of the questions raised were not associated with the past:
FRELIMO went so far as to forbid its leaders to speak publicly about their
ethnic roots or their itineraries based on consciousness of their ethnic back-

ground.

"(,...) By denying the importance of the ethnic component (the aforementioned
seminar concluded), our leaders are the perpetuators of the positions taken by
certain colonialist theoreticians, who denied the hypothesis of African
nationalism, based on the non-existence of nations in Africa." The timeliness
of this statement is proven by the virtually daily progress of diversified and,
at times, violent, methods of retrieving traditional values (of which RENAMO
[Mozambican National Resistance] has taken advantage and which FRELIMO itself
is beginning not to downgrade). And in this latter instance one need only
note the recovery of the Gungunhana cult and, with it, the concern with
establishing a more than fantastic genealogical bond between Samora Machel

and the historic native ruler of Gaza.

48



JPRS«SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORT ON UNREST DEATHS LEAKED TO PRESS
MB141457 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1453 GMT 14 May 86

{Text] Cape Town, 14. May (SAPA)--University. of. Cape Town [UCT] and medical
authorities have declined to comment "at this stage" on the "leaking" last
week of a UCT researcher's findings that more than half the people killed
by police in unrest in Cape Town last year were shot in the back.

According to a report in a weekly newspaper last week, the research was
conducted by Dr Joe Duflou, a registrat at UCI's Department of Forensic
Medicine. He collated results on 93 post mortems conducted on people shot
dead by police, 87 of whom were killed during unrest incidents. More
than half were shot in the back while 12 percent were shot in the side.

Commenting on the publication of the research, Professor Deon Knobel,
chief specialist and head of UCT's Department of Forensic Medicine and
Toxicology, confirmed that Dr Duflou's paper had been discussed at an
epidemiology workshop held at the University's medical school on 18 April.

"At the commencement of the meeting the head of the department of community
health (which organized the workshop), Professor J. Klopper, announced that
the meeting was closed and not open to the press.

“publication of Dr Duflou's article, together with another by myself
discussing firearm injuries and other violent deaths during civil unrest,
which was also discussed at the meeting, is pending," said the professor.
"I therefore do not wish to comment any further at this stage."

The two articles have been submitted for publication in the SA Medical
Journal later in the year.

One source, who declined to be named, said at least two other articles
“which put Dr Duflou's findings into context" were also discussed at the
meeting, but only Dr Duflou's paper had been leaked to the press.

Dr Duflou has declined to discuss his research without. permission as he is

a public employee, but the details of his research as published at the
weekend have been confirmed by other sources, it was reported.

93



JPRS“SSA+86+061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FRELIMO'S DEALINGS WITH OPPOSITION MOVEMENTS DISCUSSED
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 11 Mar 86 p 6

[Article by L. Waldemar Matos:, "FRELIMO: Inflating the Importance of Tame
Opposition Parties Is Just a Maneuver to Gain Time and Fool Washington"]

[Text] FRELIMO continues its |intenetve diplomatic initiatives with a view
to creating abroad an image of a divided opposition, considering the military
reverses of recent weeks, due to the guerrilla offensive called “Lion 85/86"
(with attacks nedr Maputo and on bases in Sofala and Zambezia).

Specifically, Maputo plans to start negotiating with opposition groups based
abroad such as MONAMO, FUMO and FRESAMO and then to try again to approach

the guerrilla movement itself. FRELIMO'’s plans include the integration of
members of the three above-mentioned groups into its administration, as well
as dissidents from the Resistance (or people expelled from the guerrilla move-
ment) such as Artur Vilankulus, Gideon Mahluza and Khembo dos Santos. These
ex-guerrillas, headed by Mahluza--who attained the post of chief of RENAMO's
foreign affairs in 1982--would form a new group, the PADELIMO, in Kenya.

Artur Vilankulus, expelled from RENAMO in 1983 for racism, met with Samora
Machel himself in Washington last September, and is reported to have passed
on information he received on the guerrillas on several occasions. Khembo

dos Santos, who used to be in charge of intelligence for the resistance, is
still in Kenya, as is Mahluza. It has been reported that these three have
passed through Lisbon in recent months, getting into contact with Mozambican
exiles. It is also known that Khembo dos Santos, in Nairobi, periodically
receives from Lisbon information, originating from sources related to military
intelligence, which is then sent to the SNASP, the Mozambican secret service.
Most of this information relates to RENAMO activities in the Portuguese capital.

Some sources say that this process of enlisting these groups back into the
FRELIMO should have come about in early 1986, but it seems to be a couple
of months late. The guerrillas should also be contacted for negotiations,
but it is thoughtthat the meetings with the RENAMO will be spiked by Maputo,
under the allegation that the guerrillas “are but armed bandits, with whom
it is impossible to reach an agreement.”

As for the FUMO, founded by Dr Domingos Arouca in 1976, it has been practically

disbanded, or limited to half a dozen individuals, after its head and founder
left in 1981 and the direction passed to Joao Khan. The latter said recently

31



JPRS*SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

ANGOLA

SOVIET TRADE UNION DELEGATION VISITS ANGOLA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 21 Mar 86 p 12

[Text] Luanda--A delegation of the USSR Health Trade Unions central committee
visited Luanda maternity hospital yesterday morning, within their schedule of
visits to our country, on invitation by the National Health, Public
Administration, and Services Workers' Union.

The Soviet group was headed by the secretary of the USSR Health Trade Unions
central committee, Alexei Volblicov, and was accompanied on their visit by
Luis Quizunda, member of the National Secretariat of the Health, Public
Administration, and Services Workers' Union, and by N'Simba Leon, from the
international relations department of the National Union of Workers of Angols.

The Soviet union members went through maternity installations and received
explanations on its operation from the director of that institution, Dr Fatima
Rita, and from Angolan and Soviet doctors who work there.

At a meeting held at the end of the visit, the visitors got to know other
aspects related to the internal operation of the maternity hospital, namely
about local trade unions, as well as about the system of relations between
trade union directors and the maternity hospital's trade union commission.

The director of the trade union commission, the coordinator of the party cell,
and members of the party youth group participated in this encounter.

13165/13045
CSO: 3442/202

15



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

NAMIBIA

PROTEST FROM SECOND TIER ON PROCLAMATION AG 8

Windhoek THE ADVERTISER in English 7 May 86 p 1

(Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

NAMIBIA’S SECOND tier authorities had to agree
to any replacement for Proclamation AG 8.

This decision was taken at a
meeting of all Namibia's
representative authorities in
Windhoek yesterday.

“Proclamation AG 8 of
1980 may not be abolished be-
fore a replacement is agreed
upon and implemented; a
statement issued today by the
Chairman of the Coloured Ex-
ecutive and chairman of
yesterday’s meeting, Mr Billy
Philips, says.

“And, because it particular-
ly affects second tier authori-
ties..who are amongst. the
most important — interest
groups, they must be consulted
onand agree toa replacement?”

Rumblings about the Transi-
uonal Government “only be-
ing nominated, while we have ,
support from our people”,
were frequently heard
yesterday.

And there were indications
there was strong resistance to
second tier authorities being
stripped of their powers.

/9317
cso: 3400/1750

Yesterday’s meeting also
decided to form a financial
committee with one represen-
tative from each second tier
authority.

The aim would be to inves-
tigate recommendations by the
conference over a taxation sys-
tem, with reference to per-
sonal, general sales and com-
pany tax.

The committee was given a
mandate to arrange an ap-
pointment with Minister of
Finance Dirk Mudge to discuss
the formulate used to allocate
funds to second tier
authorities.

59

Representation would also
be made over making addition-
al funds available needed for
specific projects.

All the representative
authorities were present, with
the chairman of the Owambo
executive, Mr Peter Kalangula,
jetting in from Ondangwa for
the morning.

At the end of yesterday’s
deliberations, a —_ relaxed
SWA/NP leader __Kosie
Pretorius told The Advertiser
he was satisfied.

Another delegate said Mr
Kalangula, had made a signifi-
cant contribution.



"It is my conviction that the effect of American aid is that they are going to
talk. When Unita is strengthened they have no alternative but to talk.

Unita forces held one-third of Angola, but were active in the other two-thirds,
from the northern province of Cabinda to the Kunene river in the south.

Asked whether he would blow up the US gulf oil installation at Cabinda, Dr
Savimbi replied: "We don't need to, because the US government is encouraging
them to leave. I think it is better if I leave it in American hands."

At the same time, the drop in the oil price had had a "dramatic" effect on
Luanda's finances. It had led to the reduction or scrapping of most development
programmes apart from military commitment.

Defend

Dr Savimbi said Unita was in a "much better position" this year than before to
defend itself against the expected MPLA assault. It was also in a better posi-
tion to make life difficult within Launda itself.

Questioned about the possibility of MPLA saturation bombing of Jamba, Dr
Savimbi said: "They've left it too late. If they come now they will lost
aircraft and they cannot afford that sort of loss."

Unita still had the backing of 12 Organisations of African Unity (OAU)
countries, and this was significant, said Dr Savimbi.

liowever, it appeared that Zambia's Pres Kaunda was "preparing to allow Cubans
and FAPLA to use his territory to invade us".

"If they attack Unita from Zambia, we will have to follow them. Kaunda needs
peace, not war. And we have other Black African countries who are friendly
with us. Some of them pleaded to Pres Reagan to help us."

Regarding South West Africa, Dr Savimbi said the ANC in Angola had about 5,700
men under arms. About 1,300 were assigned to fight in Namibia and the remain-
der were pitted against him.

Not Afraid

"But I am not afraid of Swapo. I would like to see an internal settlement in
SWA that would include Swapo. But Swapo cannot be a problem to me. My
organisation is bigger than Swapo."

The number of Cubans in Angola was still estimated at 45,000 and he did not
believe the numbers were increasing. ‘There was believed to be some increase
in the Russian presence, now estimated at 1,500.

Russians were not merely advisers, but were drilling with MPLA forces and were
used in frontline attacks against Unita.



JPRS*SSA~86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE TIMES EDITOR DISCUSSES ROLE OF PRESS
MB141522 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1517 GMT 14 May 86
{Article by Peter Wilson]

[Text] Vienna, 14 May (SAPA)--The editor of the CAPE TIMES, Mr Anthony
Heard, has urged South African newspapers to appreciate and understand the
attitudes and plight of blacks--or face eventual ruin.

He told the International Press Institute's annual conference here that
black South Africans felt "locked out" from media attention, and he said
the newspapers should note the remarks here on Monday by Bishop Desmond
Tutu who said blacks felt their views were not represented in the white
press.

"Established newspapers must go to great lengths, and at times take cal-
culated chances to demonstrate that they appreciate and understand the
plight of the masses in the country, otherwise they will be consistently
rejected as house journals for the white establishment," he said.

"In the long run, that means their death, for the future of South Africa
is going to be ultimately tied up with the growing clout, politically and
economically, of the black masses."

Mr Heard, delivering a report on the state of the press in South Africa,
said papers were addressing the crisis in a "not totally ineffectual way."

He detailed the problems reporters encountered in violent situations, and
the difficulties editors faced under a deluge of regulations covering
publication of unrest reports.

"But in the midst of the tormoil there is a magnificent core of journalists
doing a magnificent job, of which the world and this conference should take
note," he said.

Mr Heard told the conference, attended by 320 editors and media controllers

from 50 countries, that he saw the role of the press as “the oil in the
negotiating machinery for a new South Africa."

91



IPRS“SSA*86-061
12 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY DISCUSSES SECURITY ISSUES

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 86 p 3

[Article by Rogerio Sitoe]

[Text] The Cabo Delgado Provincial Assembly has been in session in Pemba since
Thursday morning to analyze, in particular, the political-military and economic
situation of the province. The session, expected to last approximately 5 days,
is being conducted by Gen Alberto Chipande, chairman of the assembly, and will
also give special attention to studying the directives issued by the Central
Committee Political Bureau and Council of Ministers, convened recently in the

capital.

Detailed reports concerning the assessment of last year's political-military
and socioeconomic situations were presented to the assembly on Thursday, empha-—
sizing problems inherent in the agricultural sector and specifying financial
questions raised by agricultural enterprises in particular. These reports
urged assembly members and invited guests to give their attention to examining
the drop in production rates, which will affect the public's supply of certain
goods, thus obliging the province to apply for outside aid.

The report presented by the provincial director of agriculture, Cristiano Jose
de Conceicao, a guest of the assembly, detailed the results of the 1985-86
agricultural year. According to data presented at that time, such results
indicate a failure to meet the planned goals, mainly for corn, cotton-carroco,

rice and mapira.

In addition, the provincial director of agriculture said that fuel supplies to
production plants, which improved satisfactorily this year in comparison to

last year, need better planning with the involvement of all structures concerned.
Despite these problems, total financing of 297,368 meticals, of which 150,000
meticals have already been allocated, is guaranteed to government, cooperative

and private companies.

Also presented on Thursday were reports concerning implementation of the first
State Plan programs in the province, judicial activity and completion of district
programs for the past year. Presentation of these reports continued into Friday.
Group studies began on Saturday and continued into Sunday, occasionally inter-

rupted by plenary sessions.

36



JPRS«SSA*86~061
12 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

URBAN FOUNDATION WELCOMES BLACK PROPERTY BILL
MB131531 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1524 GMT 13 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 13 May (SAPA)--The Urban Foundation today welcomed
the publication of the black communities development amendment bill as a
“part of a package of changes long advocated by the foundation."

Mr Fred Stiglingh, executive director of the Urban Foundation, said in a
press statement today: "This bill is the result of a long and arduous
process of research and negotiation to achieve full property ownership
rights for black South Africans.

“The amendment bill will facilitate a more active role by the private

sector in the establishment and development of townships. While this will
do much to stimulate the provision of housing by township developers, the
home-building industry and employers, it is essential to again stress that
further changes are urgently required before blacks can fully enjoy the
practical advantages of full property rights as is the case with other South
Africans.

Mr Stiglingh said urgent attention should be given to the provision of land
and finance and "innovative housing methods" to stimulate a large scale
creation of housing.

"Moreover, racial tags attached to the allocation of land conflict with
the fundamental principles of the foundation, such as freedom of choice and
free enterprise," he added. "A radical reconsideration of the group areas
act and land act is therefore an urgent priority."

The bill together with the abolition of influx control and other bureaucratic
procedures, which have "clogged" access to freehold in the past, would help
to make property owership for urban blacks more feasible, he said.

“While it would be unwise to overstate the impact of any single reform at
this stage, the importance of the introduction of full private ownership
of property for black people in urban areas cannot be over-emphasized.

"The bill represents part of the package of changes long advocated by the
foundation. These changes, which include the abolition of influx control,
the restoration of citizenship and a common identity document, are all
components of a process of transformation of our society."

19738
CSO: 3400/1707 98



"The members of the .population liberated in these combative actions by our
forces are today living peacefully in the Rehabilitation Center, where they
are allowed to receive visits by family members."

According to the military commander of Inhambane Province, during the past year
FAM was successful in destroying 13 main camps of these factions, as well as 16
small temporary camps.

In order to restore peace and calm in the province, the villages savagely de-
stroyed, as well as other existing projects for certain Inhambane districts,
have been rebuilt and currently there are operations for allocating production
factors for the recovery of agricultural production and distribution of clothing
and foodstuffs.

11915/13045
CSO: 3442/180

39