the ostensible goal of the National Party is to reject from discrimination,
but this is only a smoke screen to. carry out the policy of the PFP.
"Discrimination" is merely an invective for the rightful aspiration of the
Afrikaner to make his own choices.

"Each person discriminates every day of his life when he has to choose
between what is beautifuland ugly for him, between good and bad, between
what is acceptable and what objectionable. If a nation does not have
the right to give perference to what is its own, that nation cannot
continue to exist."

When the Afrikaner people gives itself preference, it discriminates
against everything that does not answer to its own being. It is not
responsible to anyone for that--this is its fundamental life interest.
Mr Marais said that this rule applies completely in the area of race
relations in South Africa, where there is a multitude of races and
peoples. Every day of his existence the Afrikaner affairms that his own
identity is unmistakenly white from the earliest days.

His racial identity is the most precious personal possession. The
extremely minimal measure of blood mixing that took place in the earliest
days of the Cape colonization was a colonial phenomenon which ended when
white nationalization started. It remained that way until today.

Share

The Afrikaner originated from the blood mixing of Dutchmen, Germans and
Frenchmen; and the Coloreds originated from the blood mixing between
Hottentots, slaves from the East, and a few others. Sailors visiting
the Cape were responsible for the white blood in the Colored people,
but the Afrikaner people had no part in that. There cannot be such a
thing as a brown Afrikaner.

The NP says that the state should not be allowed to interfere in matri-
monial matters. But the state does this every day. You are not allowed
to have more than one wife, you are not allowed to marry your sister or
ex-mother-in-law, nor are you allowed to marry if you have not reached

a certain age. These and other legal rules also make a marriage a matter
of public law, it is not only a private matter. The state has an obvious
interest in the marriages of its citizens and their offspring, Mr Marais
said.

Mr Marais also asked how it.was that maintaining white identity--which
had been accepted by all the churches for all those years--now suddenly
has come to be against the Bible. And since when does the government
test each measure against the Bible?

Alienated
Did the government test the usury rate of 25 percent against the Bible?

Or the 42 percent salary increase of the minister while it steals one-third
of the rightful bonus of its civil servants?

54



cso:

“Where they are denied a
platform by government or. |
party decree or by mob vio- ‘
lence, Radio Truth will ensure :
that their voice is heard.

“It is our privilege and duty ;
to present alternative political
philosophies to those of Zanu |
(PF) and to promote their '
adoption by opposition forces. |

“To lay to rest another ca- -
nard, Radio Truth does not pro-
mote civil strife or tribal ani
mosity. We deplore violence —
whether the perpetrators are
government forces or dissi-

dents,

“We have consistently urged
all parties to pursue their dif-
ferences through the proper

; and democratic channels and
;, to seek solutions through dia-
:, logue and negotiation.

3400/451

“We abhor corruption’ and
nepotism in our public life and
the declining standards of pub-
lic administration. It is our de-
sire to see an efficient, incor-
rupt and apolitical public ser-
vice, an impartial judiciary
and security forces that are
loyal to the State and its people
— not to a political party.

118

“Once again, contrary to

‘ Zanu (PF) mouthings, we are
not a relic of colonialism, nor
do we envisage white rule ever

. returning to Zimbabwe. We ac-
cept black rule, but we wish it
to be just, efficient and demo-

~ cratic.

“For all these reasons, Radio
Truth is strongly opposed to
the concept of. a one-party
State, which conflicts with

£ everything that we stand for.

“We will resist Zanu (PF) be-
cause we know that their po-
licies can bring nothing but

,

hardship and misery to our ;

people and will destroy
tional pride.

“So, stay tuned to Radio
Truth — the voice of free Zim-
babwe.”

The BBC Monitoring Service
says Radio Truth transmission
are. coming from the Trans-
vaal. Local shortwave radio
experts agree. They believe
Radio Truth is probably broad-
casting from the same site as
several other clandestine sta-
tions which beam anti-estab-
lishment messages into Angola.

our na-



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

GUINEA

MEDICINE DONATION FROM GABON
Conakry HOROYA in French 14 May 85 pp 1, 2

[Text] Bearing a message from President El-Hadj Oumar Bongo to President
Lansana Conte, Louis Gaston Magila, Gabon's minister of national education,
was received by the head of state in an audience in the Hall of Nations
Wednesday, May 8.

Mr Louis Gaston Magila convoyed two tons of pharmaceutical products and
two ambulances, a gift of President El-Hadj Oumar Bongo to Guinea, into
our country. He was accompanied by General Olery, director of the aides-
de-camp cabinet of the president of the Gabonese republic.

During the audience, the Gabonese minister of national education stressed
President Bongo's great consideration and sincere esteem for President
Lansana Conte and conveyed the head of state's brotherly and friendly greet-
ings.

The Gabonese minister discussed bilateral cooperation problems of mutual
interest, the situation within the OAU, and international cooperation with
President Lansana Conte. He affirmed his government's resolve to strengthen
ties of friendship and to diversify cooperative relations with the people
and government of Guinea. He declared himself satisfied with his stay

in Conakry.

In his response, the head of state said that the Guinean people and government
appreciated President El-Hadj Oumar Bongo and the Gabonese ‘government's
profoundly African gestures of friendship and brotherhood. He emphasized that
Guinea and Gabon would tighten their bonds of friendship and develop their
cooperation for the consolidation of the OAU and the progress and prosperity
of African nations.

Present at Mr Louis Gaston Magila's reception were Captain Facinet Toure, CMRN
[Military Committee for National Recovery] member and state minister of
foreign affairs and international cooperation; Captain Jean Traore, CMRN
member and state minister of planning and natural resources; Captain Mamadou
Pathe Barry, state secretary of labor and Captain Amadou Mangatta, secretary
general of the Presidency of the Republic.

9825
CSO: 3419/410

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

JAPANESE VOLUNTEERS--Zaire could soon benefit from the services of Japanese
cooperation volunteer workers {volontaires Japanais de 1a cooperation].
This was stated by Japanese Ambassador to Zaire Tsuneo Oyake. Negotiations
between the Executive Council and the Japanese Government on the sending to
Zaire of these volunteers are being actively prepared and will soon begin.
The volunteers, none older than 35, are experts in various fields. They
will be bringing their technology and know-how. [Text] [Kinshasa Domestic
Service in French 0600 GMT 14 Jun 85]

RELATIONS WITH CHINESE-~Relations between the Chinese and Zairian people are
becoming stronger and stronger through their respective parties. This is shown
in the current weeklong visit to our country by a 5-member delegation from the
Chinese Communist Party [PCC]. The delegation, which is headed by the deputy
director of the PCC department for international relations, Mr Jiang Guanghua,
comes in response to an invitation from the secretariat general in charge of
relations with fraternal and friendly parties. Arriving last Friday, it paid a
courtesy call on Saturday to Citizens Mpinga Kasenda and Kithima Bin Ramazani,
respectively the first vice president of the permanent bureau of the Central
Committee, and the permanent secretary of the Central Committee. A working
session was held with the secretary general in charge of relations with
fraternal and friendly parties, Citizen Gambembo Mfumu, immediately afterward
at Peoples Palace. The members of the delegation, after finishing their tour of
Kinshasa, will visit the interior of the country. [Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in
French 9 Apr 85 pp 1, 4] 9516

3419/417

114



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER SUGGESTS WAYS TO REDUCE UNREST
{Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 1 May 85 p 6]

[Text] It is even internationally accepted that fighting unrest in
primitive communities requires a totally different mode of action than
in civilized societies.

The reason is simple--primitive people are easily goaded by ambiguous
and false propaganda and the rebellious reactions are seldom peaceful
and usually barbaric. Burning people alive is only one example. This
is not unknown either in the history of the European Middle Ages.

Mistake

This knowledge gives the Tutus, Boesaks and others the opportunity to
get the maximum propaganda value out of primitive action. The government
has made a deplorable and irreparable mistake in the appointment of the
Kannemeyer commission--even though it was meant to show to the world that
South Africa is still a democracy with a high-minded governmental system.

Confusion

The action of the government has led to a great measure of insecurity
on the part of the police and there is confusion about when and how they
are to act.

This caused further erosion in authority. The government apparently

does not realize that one of the most important goals of the international
powers behind agitation is to undermine the morale of the order-maintaining
bodies and eventually to break them.

Disadvantages
For the agitators the by-product of the unrest is the creation of economic
instability which includes disadvantages for economic development and

encourages unemployment. Especially the unemployed, who do not understand
the cause of their misery, can be a source for extremist action.

63



SOLDIER CAPTURED IN CABINDA SAID FORCED TO MAKE STATEMENTS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Jun 85 p5

[Article by Stephan Terblanche]

[Text]

A SOLDIER In the grip of terror. That Is
what relatives, Interrogation experts,
psychologists and military strategists
claim they saw in the face of Wynand
du Tolt, South Africa’s lone captive In
Angolan hands when he was paraded
ta the world this week.

They claim that be-
cause of psychological

stress after interrogation, !

Mr du Toit told the world
exactly what his captors
wanted — that his small
“Recce” commando had
gone to Cabinda to saho-
tage American oil storage
tanks.

“When we saw Wynand on
television, his eyes weren't
the eyes of the brother I
know,” said Marius du Toit
from the West Coast family

home.
Ordeal

‘The 27-year-old Mr du Toit
was put on display to the in-
ternational media in Luanda,
one week after his capture
‘and the killing of two of his
fellow Recces, Louis van
Breda and Rowland Lieben-

berg.

the were on what has
been described by the SA De-
fence Force as an intelli-
gence gathering mission.

In their home in Dwars-
kershos, Mr du Toit's family

i

watched hig ordeal as he was -
paraded in front of the inter-".

national Press flown to

Luanda from Europe for the -

occasion.

“He appeared nervous, and
his eyes were not those of my
brother. Also the words he
used when speaking English
were not those he would nor-
mally use,” said Marius.

The du Toit family py it
was clear to them that things
had been done to their Recce
son and brother, trained in
the tough ways of the Special
Forces Operator, to say
things he would never have
said of his own accord,

Now some South African
experts in the field of psycho-
logical interrogation are
claiming that the propagan-
da effort has back! on the
Angolans.

ey Say it was too obvious
that Mr du Toit had been
forced into making his “ad-
missions” for them to have
much credibility.

“Mr du Toit was made to
read his statement from a

lece of paper. If he knew the

cts so well, why was this
hecessary?” said Professor
Mike Hough, a Pretoria stra-
tegic studies expert.

74

“It would seeri he was tell-
ing the media what the Ango-
ans told him to say.”

And a scientist attached to
Pretoria University’s De-
partment of Psychology,

rofessor Piet de la Rey,
agrees with him after watch-
ing the film clip of Mr du
Toit’s appearance several
times to study tell-tale signs
in his mannerisms, speech,
appearance and actions.

Both agree that it is highly
unlikely Mr du Toit is being
hysically maltreated; his
orment appears to be more
‘on a psychological level.
“But”, says Professor de la
Rey, “from the bruises under
his eye it is clear that he has
been assaulted, possibly with
a rifle butt. But one would
think this took place during
his capture and was not as
part of his interrogation.”
The profile that Professor
de la Rey, who has made an
intensive study of psycholog
cal interrogation methods,
ut together after watching
fhe film, is that Mr du Toit is
most likely being subjected
to deprivation and threats. °

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



RAILWAY LINK WITH NAMIBIAN

[Text]

THE Rotswana Government has
spent I million pula ona study of a
proposal to fink the country’s Ser-
owe coalfields and the west coast of
Namibia with a 1 400km, US$700
million railway line.

According to a recent report in the
Botswana newspaper, the Guardian
Midweck, the purpose of the study
was to identify a suitable rail route,
and a Jocation for a coal export ter-
minal “‘in anticipation of major coal
mining developments at Kgaswe and
Mmamabula".

The route which was identified
would link up with the existing north-
south line near Palapye, and proceed
across Botswana to link up with lines
near Gobabis in Namibia.

“The distance from the Scrowe
coalficlds by such a route would be
over 1 400km"', stated the report,
“and would take about five ycars to
construct, depending on the urgency

3400/461

COAST PLANNED

of the rail fine"

Mr Freeman said that “‘in view of
the present depressed state of the coal
market, the development of major coal
export mines would probably not take
place for several years’.

Mr Peter Freeman, economic con-
sultant in the Botswana Ministry of
Mineral Resources and Water Affairs,
reportedly estimated the cost of con:
structing the railway and a port to cope
with the country’s coal exports at
US$700 million. Added to this would
have to be the cost of locomotives and
rolling stock to operate the linc.

10M TONNES

To be viable, the railway would
have to be assured of over 10 million
tonnes of coal being exported from
Botswana every year. The Keastire
col project. once operational, wold
produce only 7,5 million tonnes.

According to the Guardian Mid.

10

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

BOTSWANA

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 May 85 p 9

week, “the Trans-Kalahari Railway
study showed that without large
volumes of Botswana coal, the invest-
ment in the railway and port would not
be justified”.



GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES SALARY, WAGE INCREMENTS

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 6 Jun 85 pp 1, 2

(Text]

WARARE = ‘The
Government yesterday |
announced salary) and |
wage increments of up:
to 15 percent for work: '
ers in the private and,
public sectors and more |
for domestics, effective
from July L.

Bank workers even got a!
better deal with increments
of up to 18 percent. :

‘the awards were announc-
ed hy the Minister — of
Jabour, Manpower Planning
and Social Welfare, Cde
Frederick Shava, for the
ptivate sector, and the Min-
ister of State (Public Serv:
ice). Mr Chris Andersen.

The Ministers said the in.
creases were in keeping with
the increased cost of 1B.

Mr Andersen said the Gov-
ernment had been under
pressure from civil servants
and that it had reviewed
their salaries accordingly.

“It was decided that a
graduating award should he
made of 15 percent for those
ecrning $300 a month or
Jess. reducing to just over
45 percent at the highest :
level,” he said. H

The critical allowance |
awarded last year would now

imoorporated into the
pensionable salary. In addi-
tion, an amount of $3 million
would be made available to
the Public Service Commis-
sion to redress anomalies and |

reconsider salary__ scales
where necessary. These de-
cisions would become effec-
e from July 1.

Mc Andersen said the deal,
affecting civil servants, the
armed forces and teachers,
would increase the Govern.
ment salary bill to $1030m
in the next financial year —
an increase of $130 m.

Qn the private sector, Cde
Shava said his Ministry had
just concluded the review
which started in January in
consultation with employer
and employee organisations.

The salary and wage ad-
justments had been awarded
in relation to the cost of

living anticipated in the
next 12 months.
The increments would

affect mote than one million
workers, he said. Employers
who felt they could not pay
the new scales could apply
for exemption but this would
be greatly discouraged
because the country was now
experiencing an. upturn in
the economy.

Cde Shava_— said the
increase was not related to
the impending general elec-
tion. It had been the Govern-
ment’s intention, to review
salaries as far back as last
year and wages would con-
tinue to be reviewed at this
time of the year in the
future. This was convenient
in that it coincided with the
Government’s financial year.

Employers who intended to
fncrease salaries above the
$36 000 celling would have to
apply for Ministerial appro-

val. Those who failed to do”

123

. Zimbabwe

JPRS-SSA~85

061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

so would be committing an
offence, he warned.

Because of the hardships
caused by the removal of
fringe benefits in the banking
sector, tt hac become neces-
sary to institute a different
scale for these workers.

Agreements concluded ‘by
industrial boards, councils
and companies before July 1
this year wouid be back-dated
to May L. Increases made on
or before July : would be
graduated to reflect a higher
percentage at tower levels of
the wage scale than at higher
levels.

Where the Government's
percentage increases were

igher than those agreed to,
adjustments would be made
to accommodate the diffe.
ences.

Efforts to ge. comments
from the Confederation of
i Industries, the
Zimbabwe Congress of Trade

‘Unions and the Zimbabwe

National Chamber of Com-
merce on the salary and
wage increases were un-

, successful last night, — Own,

Correspondent.



PROFESSIONAL TOBACCO MEN PRAISED

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 May 85 p ll

[Text]

CSO:

3400/456

'THE tobacco foreign cur-
gency earnings iast year
has been put at $9038
million by the Tobacco
Industry Council which
has relensed a 1985
tobacco yearbook which
says that in 1983 the In~
‘dustry earned $229,7
‘million. :

‘The yearbook saya that
Jast year flue-cured
tobacco was planted on
50486 ha compared with.
46230ha in 1988 while
burley — plantings in-
creased | by 256ha to
3 476 ha.

And last season flue-
cured tobacco yielded
119 686 tonnes compared
with 94296 tonnes the
previous year while the
burley tonnage went up
by 516 to 6 146. .

‘In terms of last year's)
yield per hectare, flue-
cured produced 2309 ke

req with 2039ke
the previous year while
burley went up by 43 ke
to 1481 ke.

Europa was last year's
biggest importer of Zim-
paiwean . tobacco — ac-
counting for 57 percent
which represented 50 000
tonnes, round terms
Africa came second with
15000 tonnes followed by
the Middle East 11000;
the Far Fast 10000;
Oceanta 2000; North
America, 1500; and other
areas 1000.

Wmbabwe now ranks,
as the third largest flue-
cuted tobacco exporter,
the leader belt -
ted States followed by
Brazil.

In reenta: terms
the Ug accounted for 23

percent exporta in 1083.

when Brazil netted 22,8
percent and Zimbabwe
13,6. Last seaspn exports
for both the US and Brazil
dropped to 22,3 and 21,8
ectively while Zim-
babwe's share increased
to 15,4
In the —_yearbook'’s
foreword the Minister of
Agriculture, Senator
Denis Norman, aaid Ztm-
babwe's ability to meet
world market demand ig
due to the high degree of
essionatiom in the
eco industry
“Our marketing system.
has ibeen perfected over
many yeors and reflects,
a fair price to both the’
grower and ‘buyer as far
a humanly possible,” he

“Our leaf merchants”
are highly experienced
and their efficient hand-
ling, presentation and
shipment of our tobacco
makeg them highly eom-
petitive,

"J am confident that
tobacco production in
zimbabwe will continue
to manifest steady pro-
gress and development.” .

129

the Unli-"

JPRS~SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



BLACK STUDENTS INCREASE, WHITES SHOW DECREASE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jun 85

[Text]

cso:

SOUTH Africa’s school
population has increased
by more than three per-
cent to more than 6,2-mil-
lion in the past year al-
though the number of
White pupils has de-
creased, according to fig-
ures released yesterday.

The largest rise was
among the country’s 4,19-
million Black pupils at
primary and secondary
schools, 4,4 percent more
than during 1984, Central
Statistical Services said in
its annual breakdown of
pupils, teachers and
schools.

3400/452

In the various othet
race groups, the CSS said,
White school children
totalled 0,982-million (0,7
percent down on 1984),
Coloureds 0,8 million (2,1
percent up) and Indians
0,23 million (0,98 percent

up).

Less than 19 percent of
the Blacks and 24,2 per-
cent of the Coloured pu-
pils are in secondary
schools, according to the
figures, while the figure is
more than 40 percent
among Whites and 36 per-
cent among Indians.

The statement noted
that more than half the
3,4-million Blacks in pri-
mary schools this year
were in classes below
standard 2, while 2,4-mil-
lion of them, or 57 per-
cent of the total, attended
school in the homelands.

The homelands only
had 40 percent of all the
Black schools in the coun-

try.
the total of Black schools

rose by 3,2 percent to
2.442, while only one

69

According to the CSS,

p3

‘White school was added,
bringing the figure to
2380.

While-university popu-
lations swelled by 14,5
percent, to 211 756, the
per capita intake in-
creased most among
Whites, more than 14 000
up on 1984.

Black university stu-
dents, according to the
CSS, now number 42 872
(22,9 percent —_up),
Coloureds 12914 (18,5
percent up), Indians
17 300 (17,1 percent up)
atid Whites 138 670 (11,6
percent up).

The CSS noted that the
White race group had the
highest percentage (4,0)
of students learning at
tertiary level institutions,
while Blacks had the low-
est (0,3) and Coloureds
the second lowest (0,8
percent).

Sixty-four percent of
the country’s 0,31-million
tertiary level students are
White, according to the
CSS. — Sapa.

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



South Africa closer to the solution of the problem of apartheid. The election
returns confirm this. :

Frankly speaking, some believe that the racist system is being “improved”.
But it is my opinion that nothing newis taking place, since the majority of the
population there remains deprived of the genuine human rights. Having
failed in their election scheme, the authorities have to seek other means to
deal with the people.

In this connection I should also point out that the racist system generates
the problem of refugees. To escape racist repression many flee to Lesotho.
We have pledged to give asylum to these people. We feel it binding on us to
provide asylum to the apartheid refugees. We in Lesotho regard this our
humanitarian duty.

Q What is Lesotho’s stand on the Namibian problem?

A. Wesupport Resolution 435 ofthe UN Security Council, which charted the
way towards independence for Naimibia. And we are indignant that
Namibia is not yet free.

We reject outright any attempt to link up the process of Namibia’s
decolonization with any conditions. The issue of this country’s
independence has no relation to the Cuban internationalists assisting the
People’s Republic of Angola in repulsing Pretoria’s attacks. It is well known
that it is the Namibians themselves, not Angolans, who are fighting for the
freedom and independence of Namibia. Therefore, one feels perplexed atthe
attempt to make the Namibian settlement conditional on the withdrawal of
the Cuban military assistance from Angola. All of this is deplorable because
it obstructs Namibian independence and portends a continued occupation
of Namibia. Lesotho appeals to everyone who is party to the process of
Namibia’s independence to make every effort to help the country become
free.

Q, Could you speak on Lesotho’s relations with the USSR and other socialist countries?

A. Our position is absolutely clear and unequivocal. We pursue the policy of
non-alignment. Lesotho is prepared to have friendly relations with any
country that wishes them. This especially concerns those who support
freedom and independence in Africa. I would like to emphasize that we are
aware of the efforts of the Soviet Union to promote decolonization in Africa.
We highly appreciate the Soviet contribution to the cause.

Since diplomatic relations were established between Lesotho and the
Soviet Union, the contacts between our countries have been steadily
expanding. And we would like to see them continue to grow.

At present, many Lesothans enjoy the benefits of the Soviet system of
education. Some have already graduated from Soviet universities and now
work in their own country. It should be stressed that all of them are noted for
their patriotism and internationalism. They acquired these qualities, along
with knowledge, while studying in your country. We are very grateful to the
Soviet Union for its part in training specialists for Lesotho.

Lesotho highly values and supports all peace initiatives the USSR has
come out with an effort to prevent a new world war, especially a devastating
nuclear war.

(Lesotho established diplomatic relations with the USSR in 1980.)

CSO; 3400/464 27



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SAAN ANNOUNCES STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN ITS TRANSVAAL DIVISION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 85 p 8

[Text]

SOUTH African Asso-
ciated Newspapers has
announced that Mr Rory
Wilson, at present gener-
al manager, finance and
administration for the
Transvaal, had been pro-
moted to general man-
ager, Transvaal.

Mr Wilson will be re-
sponsible for operational
aspects of SAAN's Trans-

vaal activities, which in- |

clude printing and pub- .

lishing the Sunday Times,
the Financial Mail. and

Business Day — the daily °

paper the group launched
after the Rand Daily Mail
was closed at the end of
April. >

SAAN also announced
“structural changes” in
the Transvaal division of
the company, ‘including
rationalisation moves be-
tween it and the Argus
company, to affect the
English-language Press in
South Africa.

Newly-appointed man- |

aging director of SAAN,
Mr John King, said on
Wednesday changes in
the Transvaal division of
the company were aimed
at strengthening the mar-

cso: 3400/452

keting of SAAN products
and improving control in
all departments.

Details would be an-
nounced soon.

In a statement yester-
day, Mr King said: “On-
going talks between
SAAN and the Argus
group may soon lead to
rationalisation of printing

He said exploratory
talks regarding the poss-
ible rationalisation -of
both printing and. dis-
tributing facilities had
been taking place for
some time and that an an-
nouncement. would be
made when satisfactory
arrangements had been
concluded.

Mr King stressed, how-
ever, that any such ration-
alisation should not be
viewed as an indication
that a merger between the
two newspaper groups
was being contemplated.

“It makes good econ-
omic sense for us to avoid
duplication of — effort;
equipment and costs on a
technical level, particu-
larly in the present finan-

98

cial climate,” he said.
“But there is definitely
no merger on the cards.
SAAN will remain as a
compe publishing
entity in its own right.”

On the question of
structural changes in
SAAN, Mr King said he
had created a Transvaal
division in line with simi-
lar divisions that already
existed in the Western
and Eastern Cape. The
general manager of the
new division would be Mr
Rory Wilson.

Mr Wilson’s promotion
means that he will now
head up the marketing,
circulation, distribution,
printing, publishing and
general administration of
SAAN’s Transvaal pub-
lishing.

Mr King said that fol-
lowing these changes,
which placed an emphasis
on regional rather than
group functions, he had
“with regret” accepted
the resignation of Mr Ni-
gel ‘Twidale, SAAN’s
general manager, group

+ marketing. — Sapa.



signed between the United States and Mozambique. It saw the initiation of
American economic development in Mozambique. We had, of course, been con~
tributing humanitarian assistance in terms of food, but there was a great
jump in United States aid because of the drought and because of the problems
Mozambique is facing. Now I say that today, in 1985, our relationship is
very, very good. It is not excellent, in the sense that we do have dif-
ferences between our governments. We do look at things and world issues
differently. But I think that we look at regional issues very much the same
in southern Africa and I think that is what has brought a lot of us
together—-the Mozambican side and the American side. [end recording ]

And what are the views of the United States regarding the all-important
regional cooperation in southern Africa?

[Begin de Vos recording] Well,.we look at Mozambique as very much an
important player in the region, and it is because of that we have devoted so
much time and attention to Mozambique. It is certainly a number one priori-
ty in Washington. I was there just last month for several weeks and the
whole town is talking about Mozambique. In one sense, it has done a (?bare-
face) good because it gives us a lot of (%big building) and captures a lot
of important attention in Washington, I would say that we do look at
Mozambique as a key player. We have a very special relationship, as you
know, with Angola. We are very much interested in the independence in
Namibia and in reducing the tensions that have occurred throughout the past
decade in southern Africa. But, of cource, it has led to such things as the
Nkomati Accord and I think that the South African Government and Mozambican
Govermment are talking to each other and trying to resolve problems, whereas
before that was not the case. Traditionally, it has been an integrated type
of region, both economically, politically, and in every way you can think
of. What effects one affects the other. I think that--I cannot speak for
the other countries—-but certainly the United States looks at it that way,
and it is obvious the Mozambican Government looks at it that way, because
they very much welcome the interchange of trade and commerce, of migrant
labor, of transportation, of tourism. All these types of economic activity,
I think are very important. [end recording]

The signing of the Nkomati Accord--did it serve to enhance Western, and more
especially American, confidence in Mozambique?

[Begin de Vos recording] I would say that Nkomati was a very, very historic
event in southern Africa, and it showed that governments with opposing
political philosophies can make an attempt to try to get along with each
other and try to work out the problems. Surely, it is something that the
United States fully supports. We will give great support to every effort
that can be made to reduce the cycles of the violence and counterviolence
that have occurred in this climate for so long, especially in this region
for so long. We look at Nkomati as a very real way of trying to [word
indistinct] that situation with [self-confidence]. So I would say [words
indistinct] has captured the imagination of the world, and I think that

34



It is also known that numerous prominent KP and HNP members are not in
favor of a coalition, for instance Mr Cas Uys, KP-LP from Barberton
and Mr Gustaf Claasens, KP secretary in the Free State, who already
had said that he will resign from the KP if that party merges with the

HNP.

12855
cso: 3401/210

59



government regards these people as no better than common bandits. As is
usually the case, it is the innocent civilian population that bears the
brunt of the suffering.

The signing of the Accord of Nkomati was like the lighting of a flame of
hope to those suffering in Mozambique. However, despite this vision and all
it means, there are still some sectors in South Africa who remain opposed to
the agreement and everything for which it stands. The Mozambican minister
of information, Mr Jose Luis Cabaco, has a message for these people:

[Begin Cabaco recording] I think that what they should understand is that
true implementation of the Nkomati Accord would bring benefits for everybody
right in South Africa and Mozambique, and I really think that the attitude
of those subversives promoting destabilization can only bring to our region
general instability and general damage on the economic resources we have in
the region and the possibility of living in peace, and development for the
region as a whole. [end recording }

As we said earlier, Mozambique is in a state of war. The activities of
RENAMO are causing havoc to the daily lives of everyone in the country.
But to what extent are those RENAMO activities promoting instability in
Southern Africa?

[Begin Cabaco recording] I think that most of the countries in the region
have been affected. Our region is so much interdependent that the troubles
in one country will certainly affect the stability and the progress of all
the countries in the region. [end recording]

Of course, the big question is how can peace be brought to Mozambique?
There has been talk of a political settlement, but there has also been talk
of a so-called military solution and an escalation to the war which has
already ravaged the country.

[Begin Cabaco recording] You know that we are not dealing with any politi-
cal exercise in the country. We are dealing with pure banditry promoted by
people who are not interested in giving any political solution for the
country but who disrupt our country and who make the exercise of our inde-
pendence violent. So, there is no political settlement possible with no
political forces--with forces that are not political forces‘and forces which
are not mainly national-motivated. So, as I said before, the external
support is a key problem of the situation, and the solution of the problem
within Mozambique is undoubtedly the international society stopping this
external support, and of course a political and military exercise internally
trying to explain to the people who have been involved in the destabiliza—
tion what are the benefits of a peaceful settlement and peace in the
country, and in the elimination of those who have been the promoters of the
instability inside the country. So, I would say that a diplomatic, a po-
litical, and a military solution are to be considered on this. And of
course, we have had some development in the last year but of course we are

30



(Article by Rika van Graan]

LEADERS of the United
Democratic Front (UDF)
and affiliated organisa-
tions who claimed yester-
day that Whites were
among a gang of about 25
people who fire-bombed
several houses in a Port
Elizabeth township on
Sunday, have not report-
ed the incidents to the
police.

The police liaison offi-
cer for the Eastern Cape,
Lieutenant-Colonel_ Ger-
rie van Rooyen, said
“Any incident of mal-
icious damage to Property
is a criminal offence and
should be reported to the
Police.

“By 4 pm none of the
people who claimed that
their houses were fire-
bombed had lodged a
complaint,” Col Van
Rooyen said.

A spokesman for the
Police Directorate _ of
Public Relations in Pre-
toria, confirmed yester-
day that three homes of

)Black policemen were at-
jtacked: by mobs. Police

3400/452

opened fire to disperse
the mobs,

In the KwaZakele
township, near Port Eli-
zabeth, the body of a 22-
year-old Black man was
found on the golf course
by patrolling police. He
was apparently stabbed
and axed to death, police
said.

The president: of the
Port Elizabeth Youth
Congress, Mr Mkhuseli
Jack, told reporters that
at about 2 am on Sunday,
he heard a car passing his
house several times. He
rushed out just as a man
was about to throw a pe-
trol bomb at his house.

He said among about
25 people he spotted two
White men. The mob
made off in two kombis
and a small car. They left
three‘ petrol bombs be-

62

UDF LEADERS CLAIM WHITES AMONG PORT ELIZABETH BOMBERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jun 85 p 3

hind, Mr Jack claimed.

The president of the
Port Elizabeth Women’s
Organisation, Mrs Ivy
Gcina, said a stone, fol-
lowed by about 12 pétrot
bombs, crashed through
her glass front door in
KwaZakele_ at about
2.45 am on Sunday,

She and her family
managed to extinguish
the flames. She said when
she walked outside she
saw two White men and
two men wearing balacla-
vas.

Mrs Gcina said she saw
two White men throwing
petrol bornbs at a neigh-
bour’s house. The group
left and then attacked the
house of PEYCO activist,
Mr Africa Magolo. A pe.
trol bomb destroyed his

. front door and windows,
Mrs Gcina said.

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



GAZANKULU GETS OWN AIRLINE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Jun 85 p 7

[Text]

CSO:

3400/454

FOUR aircraft took to ,

the skies, sporting the
flag and the national

colours of Gazankulu |

last Thursday — for
the first time in the his-
tory of this developing
homeland.

Like Bophutha-
tswana and the Ciskei,
Gazankulu now boasts
of its own airline, link-
ing the national state
with the Pretoria-Wit-

watersrand-Vaal me-'

tropolis on a daily
schedule.

The airline, flying
under the Giyani Air-

ways banner, was offi- ,
cially handed over to |

the Gazankulu Gov-
ernment at a ceremony
held at the homeland’s

Giyani airstrip last }

Thursday.

The Chief Minister ,
of Gazankulu, Profes--;

sor Hudson Ntswanise,

said the handing-over {
was significant, adding :
that the airline would ©
serve locals as well as '

inhabitants in other:

Northern Transvaal
areas.

View
The Chief Minister

99

held the view that

Giyani Airways should ~

be a viable and profita-
ble operation yielding
“acceptable returns”
on capital invested in
the undertaking.

“I believe that the
airline has an impor-
tant role to play in the
development of our re-

gion and as a symbol *

of Gazankulu’s pro-
gress and a source of
pride for us all,” Prof
Ntswanisi said.

The airline, estab-
lished under the Le-
taba Airways banner
by a local entrepreneur
in 1971, has since ex-
panded, carrying some
10 000 passengers per
year. In the eleven
years since the flights
were introduced, the
airline has transported
75 000 passengers.

Over the years, the
staff has increased
from one pilot to four
full-time pilots and six
ground-staff. The pi-
lots have just returned
from the United
States, where they at-
tended upgrading
courses.

The return fare on!

Jan Smuts-Giyani is
R236.

JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/465

foree and économic
sabotage.

“(These intimidatory
and aggressive strategies
have, front Pretoria’s
point of view, achieved a
certain amount of suc-
cess. I speak of course of
‘the Nkomat! Accord, the
“angola: « South Africa
undertaking and the
Swaziland and South
Africa non-eggression
jpact.”
| Bat all that’ not
withstanding, the collec-
‘tive or individual -
tion by. Frontline erates
:to the burning issue of
_ spartheid dn South Africa
‘itself, had in no way been
undermined . or uted,
Cde Mongwende said,

‘All those arrangements
had not “neutralised our
condemnation of
Pretoria’g delay in im-
plementing the UN in-
dependence plan for
Namibla, and our support
for the Uberation strug-
gles being waged against
the racist oppressors by
Swapo in Namibla and by
the ANC end PAC in
South Africa”.

| AMERICAN

i As a result of the
|Government's strict ad-"
iherence to principles and
“our own’ perception of
the amternational environ-
ment, American aid to:
‘Zimbabwe had been cut!
by halt, ae

“A heavy blow, you
could eay, Sui it is one
jwhich, we have lved with

very well. For we knew
then as we know now
ithet the _ alternative,
;namely bending to ex-
“ternal pressure and s2c-
rificing -princtples im r¢e-
turn for monetary gain
or political favour, was
and is too high a price to.
pay,” he said.

121



deception on Chad's part. And when I say deception..! If the Libyans
are in Chad, they are there because the Chadians want them there!

If the French and the Zairians have pulled out, it is because the
Chadians want them out! If the Nigeriens decide one of these days
to start something -- they can bring in the Russians, the Americans,
or somebody else --.it will happen because the Nigeriens want it
that way! I am disappointed in the Chadians. Let them demonstrate
their readiness to put an end to their conflict, and you will see
whether or not the Libyans will get out! The responsibility is
theirs: they should have sat down and thrashed it out in Brazza-
ville.

6182
CSO: 3419/418

40



JPRS-SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PREDICTIONS FOR NATION'S LEADERSHIP NEXT 20 YEARS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 19 May 85 p 4

[Article by Zb Molefe and Moira Levy]

[Text]

‘economic sanctions,

the threat of
and ravaged by
social unrest and riots, what kind of
political future does South Africa face

in the next 20 years?

Is it entering a state of civil war, as SA
Council of Churches secretary-general
Beyers Naude has prophesised?

Has the Government lost control of the
country, as prominent trade unionist and
former Cape United Democratic Front presi-
dent Oscar Mpetha has bluntly claimed?

Will whites dictate the pace of change until
the 2000, as US Ambassador to South Africa
Herman Nickel predicts?

Or is American scholar Thomas Karis —
co-author with Gwendolyn Carter of the four-

volume work on South African opposition

SQUEEZED by

__ politics From Protest to Challenge — correct

when he says: “The imponderables in South
Africa are too many for long-range predic-
tion”?

Police Commissioner Johan Coctzce, ad-
dressing a University of Pretoria praduation
ceremony, has denied that social unvest in
South Africa is the result of serious and
genuine political grievances that nced to be
redressed, making the enigmatic statement:

“South Africa is experiencing a unique type of *

rioting not encountered anywhere else in the
world.”

But the pressure for political change and
the indignance at South Africa’s apartheid
policies are not confined to the riot-torn coun-
try. Recently, social activist and General
Motors board member Leon Sullivan became
the latest in an endless stream of anti-apar-
theid ‘otesters to be arrested at the South Af-
rican Embassy in Washington,

And the Democratic Party in the US House *

of Representatives, mecting in closed caucus,
unanimously approved a resolution endorsing

82

* economic sanctions against South Africa.

‘The influential US international news
magazine Newsweek recently reached the fol-
lowing conclusion in an in-depth special re-
port on South Africa: “Sooner or later South
Africa’s 5-million whites will be forced to
share their power — and if they resist tong
enough, they may lose everything.”

This view is opposed by US Ambassador
Nickel, who recently argued that white South
Africans have the power and the resources to
maintain control until the year 2000,

He points to methods by which South Africa
survived previous social crises — such as the
international sports boycott of the 70s; which
resulted in the modification of apartheid.

He argues against disinvestment in South
Africa, saying that the advent of international
codes of conduct for companies — such as the
Sullivan Code — has helped employers bring
about social reform.

A bleak picture of the next 20 years in South
Africa is painted by University of Cape Town
Department of Political Studies director Her-
mann Giliomee, who argues that Govern-
ment policy can at best be viewed as “moder-
nising racial domination”.

In his Hluminating essay Pe White
Supremacy, Black Anger Contained he says:
“The central feature is the attempt to broaden
the white power base by co-opting from the
coloured, Indian and black communities
people who can serve as collaborators (the
word is not used in its classic historic sense).”

Giliomee points out that black South Afri-
cans have hardly any independent political
and economic hases. This hampers a black
take-over — unlike in Ireland and Lebanon,
where minorities have their own land, enter-
prises and autonomous schools, churches,
political parties and me

Only the African National Congress poses a
problem for the Government, Giliomee



AFRICAN COUNTRIES URGED TO EXPAND TRADE IN SPICES

Harare THE HERALD in English 7 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/466

REGIONAL trade in
lees ‘between African
Commonwealth member
countries can be expanded
because most of the
nations, inchiding Zimba-
‘we, are net importers.

‘Mr KK, D, Sharma, who
is attached to the econo-
mic affairs division of the
Commonwealth Secre-
tariat, yesterday told
dclegates to a seminar on
medicinal and aromatic
plants that in 1982 ZA-
mbabwe imported 88 ton-
ney of tinpamon, vanilla,
curry powder, pepper and
nutmeg,

Splees grown. in Afri-
can countries at a low
scale include — chillies,
cloves, ginger, coriander,
curry powder and paprika.

‘Tanzania wag the lead-
ing producer and exporter

_of spices among the Com-

‘monwealth member covn-
tries, Im Central Africa
only Malawi exported ant
imported substantial
amounts of spices, In 1980
it exported 140 tonneg oi
chillies while Zimbabwe
and Zambian had  in-
‘significant trade in the
commodity.

Mr Sharme gaid most
spices were produced in
the tropical and sub-
tropical regions and the
economic importance of
spices to African coun-
irles could be far greater
‘than at present.

On medicinal plants, he
said world trade renched

JPRS~SSA-85~061
15 July 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

US$550 million in 1980, |

although trade in some of
the plants had declined
due to the introduction
of synthetic compounds.

“Growth may have
generally slowed down in
recent yenrs because of
the recession and econo-
mic
veloped countries.”

‘The United — States,
West Germany, , Switzer-

constraints in de-~*

land, Japan, Hong Kong .

and Singapore were the
principal export markets
for medicinal plants.

Kenya and Tanzania
were major exporters of
medicinal plants, particu-
larly cinchona bark from
which quinine is extract-
ed.



NAMIBIA

Briefs

School for Refugees in Congo

NIGER

Kountche on Africa Seeking Its Own Way to Development
(Seyni Kountche Interview; LE FIGARO, 20 Mar 85)..-..++-

Reportage on Niger River Drying Up
(Laurent Greilsamer; LE MONDE, 12-13. May 85)...sseeeeeee

Briefs

Canadian Beninese Food Aid

Cooperation Talks With France

Libya Blamed for Raid
NIGERIA

Briefs
Rice for Drought Victims

Trade Agreement With Italy

SENEGAL

Anniversary Marked by Economic Failure
(Editorial, Y. Ndiaye; WAL FADJRI, 12-

SOUTH AFRICA

26 Apr 85)..+e+eee

Possible Consequences of U.S. Disinvestment Analyzed
(Editorial, Dawie; DIE BURGER, 29 May 85).secccececeeees

Marais Accuses United States of Imperialistic Motives
(DIE AFRIKANER, 1 May [b> ee

CP, HNP Coalition Imminent

(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 1 May 85).--ceeeececeecseerccerereserees

Possible Replacements for Vacancy in Council Mentioned
(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 May [eee

UDF Leaders Claim Whites Among Port Elizabeth Bombers
(Rika van Graan; THE CITIZEN, 11 Jun .:.)

Afrikaner Suggests Ways To Reduce Unrest
(DIE AFRIKANER, 1 May [:)) ees

'Dawie' on Reasons for Black Unrest

(BEELD, 18 May 85)..sseseseceeeeeeesecnenencn seen enenees

c

37

46

‘46

50

53

56

60

62

63

66



JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SCHOOL FOR REFUGEES IN CONGO--A secondary school is to be opened in the Congo
this year to offer technical training to young Namibian refugees. The school
will be run by the Namibian Foreningen, a Norwegian association started in
1980 to help victims of South Africa's policies in Namibia. It will accommo-
date 600 students between 13 and 25. The NF will supply Norwegian teachers

to work alongside Namibian teachers. The NF has already established a success~
ful print shop in Lusaka, where 20 Namibians--5 of them women-~are being train-
ed for a career in graphics. The group also plans to expand a project in
Nyango, Zambia, where 20 Namibian women are being taught sewing and weaving.

A wooden house is being erected for another 13 students. {Text] [

CITY PRESS in English 19 May 85 p 4]

cso: 3400/461

37



That makes it necessary that black people also throw their whole weight

into reestablishing peace and quiet so that a new attitude toward the future
can be developed.

12906
CSO: 3401/179

68



JPRS-SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP CREDIBILITY PROBLEMS INCREASE AFTER ITS DEFENSE TALKS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 May 85 p 12

[Text] In its discussions on budgetary appropriations for defense, the PFP
[Progressive Federal Party] increased still further the tremendous uncertainty
that hangs over it. This time it was the old issue of national security that
set left- and right-wingers at one another's throats and once again made people
wonder about the party.

The progressives’ most critical weapon against the government was its lack of
credibility as far as defense issues were concerned. But then this weapon
turned into a boomerang that dealt the PFP a nasty blow.

The equivocation concerning national security, however, is one of the many prob-
lems related to policy matters that keep gnawing at the prestige of the official
opposition and undermining its credibility-as far back as the inauguration of
the presidential council by referendum, down to and including the implementation
of the current new dispensation.

One more recent incident that has plunged the PFP deeper into its credibility
crisis is the tumult that Mr Harry Schwarz caused when he rejected a declara-
tion of intent as a prerequisite for negotiations about reform. Up to that
point, this was still a stipulation made by the Progressives. The victory dance
performed on that occasion by the leader of the PFP, Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, con-
tributed nothing to improve the very shaky image of his leadership and that of
his party.

The PFP policy of boycott and its beating around the bush on the issue of one-
man-one-vote has undermined people's trust in that party. Just as it loses
credibility every time it talks about national security from two different sides
of its mouth.

Who is to be believed? Who represents the official position of the PFP? The
right or the left wing?

Until the PFP has resolved its own credibility crisis, its efforts to ferret
out a lack of credibility in others will continue to seem ridiculous.

8117
CSO: 3401/219

77°



JPRS-SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

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POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF REFUGEES' FLOW ANALYZED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 21 May 85 p 14

{Article by Peter Honey]

[Text]

THE steady trickle of
refugees into Swazi-

land from Mozambique :

and South Africa high-
lights the tiny king-
dom’s discomfort at
being geographically
and politically posi-

tioned between its two ©

more powerful and
ideologically-opposed
neighbours.

With 95 percent of
its imports passing

through, or coming .

directly from South
Africa, Swaziland can-
not afford to work
against Pretoria’s se-
curity interests. That

means cutting assis-

tance to the African
« National Congress.

At the same time,

the country borders *

one of the hotter parts
of Mozambique, where
Mozambique National
Resistance rebels regu-
larly try to recruit ci-
vilians for their gueril-
Ja strikes against Fre-
limo targets.

Swaziland provides

assistance to bona fide
refugees from the con-
flict, a policy which is
frowned on by the Mo-
zambique government.

The South African
township riots in 1976
led to thousands of
blacks seeking refuge
in Swaziland — either,
to pass through for
training as ANC fight-
ers or simply to escape
the violence.

The influx of politi-
cal escapees from
South Africa — usually
ANC — has since
dropped to negligible
proportions, according
to authorities here.

The latest spate of
unrest has not had the

i same effect. “It seems

this time the people
want to stay and fight
it out with the authori-
ties in South Africa,”
says an official con-
nected with refugee af-
fairs.

But four or five Mo-
zambicans cross the
Lebombo Mountains in
the east each day to
swell the ranks of the
hundreds who have
sought refuge in Swazi-
land from the conflict
between Mozambique
National Resistance
and Frelimo.

There are more than
8000 refugees in Swa-
ziland at present:

103

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SWAZILAND

About 1300 Mozambi-
cans, 300-odd ANC
members from South
Africa and Mozambi-
que, and more than
6500 people who have
fled tribal conflicts in :
the Ingwavuma district
of KwaZulu, according
to the UN High Com-
missioner for Refugees
in Mbabane.

The Mozambicans
and Ingwavuma people
are accommodated in
an agricultural settle-
ment at Ndzevane in
south-eastern Swazi-
land, a 6 00ha camp ad-
ministered by the Lu- ;
theran World Federa-
tion and the United Na-
tions.

The are employed on
the settlement’s
1000ha cotton planta-

: tion which markets its

product through a co-
operative to help pay
the cost of housing and
feeding the refugees.
About 65 ANC mem-
bers, who mostly fled
Mozambique in the
wake of that country’s
post-Nkomati crack-
down last year, are
said to be staying at °
the Malindza refugee

* transit camp in eastern

Swaziland, _



TRADE CONTACTS WITH ZAIRE TO BEGIN

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 6 Jun 85 "Business Chronicle"

[Text]

cso:

3400/465

‘THE ZiNBARWE Ne

tional Chamber of Com-
mereo may send a trade
mission to Zaire in Octo
her to identify and develop
trade contacts.

ZNCC economist Cde Web-

“ber Chinyadza, who has just

returned from a week’s visit
to the Zaircan province of
Shaba, says the Zairean
market is ready for Zim-
babwean goods and has the
money to pay for the:

“At present Zimbabwe's
annual Zaire exports total
$20 million and there is pot-
ential to increase that. There
is no problem with foreign
exchange in Zaire and there
is no limit on imports,” Cde
Chinyadza said this week.

Zimbabwean products that
could find a ready market in
Zaire were consumer dur-

ab:es, processed foods, hard-

ware, stationery and pharm-
aveuticals, most of which
were being imported from
Belgium and South Africa.

The Shaba province hag
been chosen for the survey
because it was closer to Zim-
babwe -— Shaba shares a
border with Zambia — and,
therefore, there would be
fewer transport problems,

The language barrier be.
tween French-speaking Zaire
and English-speaking Zim-
babwe was a hindrance to
the development. of trade,
saiq the economist.

There was also the prob-
lem of the competitiveness
of Zimbabwean products
Janded in Zaire. The landed
cost of goods from Zimbabwe
hag been higher than the
cot of goods from other
sources,

126

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

Supplement p 1


BURUNDI

Briefs
Soviet Exhibition

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Briefs
OPEC To Finance Project
New Airfield at Mobaye
CONGO

Manufacture of 'Tropicalized' Microcomputers
(EHUZU, 20 Mar 85)...

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Background of President's Paris Visit Analyzed
(Laurent Zecchini; LE MONDE, 7 Jun 85)..

GUINEA
Medicine Donation From Gabon
(HOROYA, 14 May 85). ..ccccceseccsccucvccccvcnceveecevces
Joint Tobacco Company Created
(HOROYA, 28 May 85).csscccesccccceccccsscccscceucseceee
Industrial Fishing Cooperation Agreement With French Firm
(Ben Daouda Sylla; HOROYA, 14 May 85). cesecscccccceccece
Briefs
French Industrialists Visit
LESOTHO
Makhele on Situation in Southern Africa, Relations with USSR
(Vincent Makhele Interview; THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST, No 101,
1985) cee eeceeececeeecesencccececees aes
MALAWI
Briefs
EEC Aid
MOZAMBIQUE

Mozambican Officials on Renamo, Problems
(Jose Luis Cabaco Interview, et al.; Johannesburg
Domestic Service, 9 Jun 85).....cccccceccescccccccvacece

-b-

13

14

15

17

20

21

23

25

26

28

29



cso;

3400/461

According to the
UNHCR’s representa-
tive, Mr Emmanuel
Owusu, about 300 other
ANC members’ from
South Africa are living
in the communities of

; Mbabane and Manzini.

Only about 150 of
these report regularly
to the UNHCR for re-
lief aid, but Mr Owusti
Says many stay away
becatise they fear in-

formation of their:

presence could fall into
the hands of agents
from Pretoria.

Swazi government
officials allege that
South African police
often enter the country
without authorisation
in search of fugitives.
The most recent inci-
dent involved the al-
leged illegal entry of
three uniformed South
African policemen into
south-eastern Swazi-
lahd last week.

A police spokesman
in Pretoria has denied
any knowledge of the
allegation, but authori-
ties in Mbabane say

, the policemen drove to

the Ndzevane camp in
Search 6f an escaped
suspect from Natal
last Thursday. They
were apparently ac-
companied by repre-
sentatives of the Swazi
Police, but this did not

, Constitute authorised

eritry, a spokesman for
the Ministry of Interior
said here.

If Pretoria is con-
cerned with political
fugitives in Swaziland,
Mozambique is simi-
larly anxious about its
citizens slipping out-
side its borders. Mapu-
to has even accused
Swaziland of harbour-

ing MNR rebels — a.

claim which remains

104

unsubstatiated. ~~ “~~~

The issue of South
African and Mozambi-
. can refugees is clearly
an embarrassment for
the Swazi government:
Two South African-
: based journalists were
“prevented from visit-
ing the Malindza and
Ndzevané camps for
two days this week,
while bureaucrats deli-
berated.

The request was fi-
nally sent to the Cabi-
net, which granted per-
mission for the visit on
condition the journal-
ists were accompanied
by the police commis-
sioner and the UNHCR
representative. Both
these officials were un-
available for the trip,
which effectively led to
its cancellation.

Reason for the inde-
cision, according to an
Interior Ministry offi-
cial, was that “we just
want to be sure that
you are not spies. The
ANC people ate very
suspicious of visitors —
especially from South
Africa”.

Swaziland’s ambiva-
lent foreign policy is
perhaps best illustrat-
ed by its agreement to
develop an informal
diplomatic relationship
with Pretoria, while at
the same time provid-.
ing transit out of the
country for ANC mem-
bers.

For its part, South
Africa seems to treat
Swaziland as if it were
a bantustan.

The SA Trade Mis-
sion which opened in
Mbabane at he begin-
ning of the year func-
, tions practically as an
unofficial embassy.



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

GUINEA

BRIEFS

FRENCH INDUSTRIALISTS VISIT--A delegation from:the French Foreign Commerce
Center: and Guinean senior executives in the mining sector met for a work
session Monday, May 6 in People's Hall, presided over by Captain Jean Traore,
state minister of planning and natural resources. During the meeting,
Captain Traore expressed: the wish that: the visit would mark a qualitative
step on the road to developing our country's mining sector. He also stressed
the hopes of the CMRN [Military Committee for National Recovery] and the
government concerning the recovery of the Guinean ‘economy, of which the
mining sector is a mainstay. After the work session, the French industrial-
ists visited the mining docks of the autonomous port of Conakry, specifically
at the Kindia Bauxite Office [OBK] and the’ Friguia Company's docks. The

OBK, whose installations have an initial capacity of 2,500 tons/hour of
bauxite, can load at the rate of 1,800° tons an hour. Its dock: currently
serves 10 to 15 mineral ships a month. Its port facilities began functioning
in 1974. The Friguia Company, whose port facilities have been operating
since 1960, has a dock with four silos, including one which holds 17,000
tons and one 20,000 tons of alumina. The loading rate of the Friguia dock
facilities is 10,000 tons of alumina: an hour. The dock serves 6 mineral
ships a month. The: schedule of the 'Frerich- industrialists’ visit, which
extends until May 12, includes interviews: with’ managers in the mining sector
and visits to certain mixed investment: companies, such as Aredor, CBG,
Friguia and OBK. [By Demba Doumbouya] [Text] [Conakry HOROYA in French

14 May 85 p 4] 9825

CSO: 3419/410

25



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROSPECTS FOR BOTHA, BUTHELEZI UNDERSTANDING ENCOURAGING
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 20 May 85 p 10
[Editorial: "Buthelezi and Reform"]

[Text] Measured in terms of their domestic power base, President P.W.
Botha and Chief Minister Gatsha Buthelezi are two of South Africa's
strongest and most influential political leaders. It could therefore be a
breakthrough in the efforts to find a place for the black man in the central
political system if they were to come to an understanding.

The prospects look encouraging. The president and the KwaZulu leader

are in private conversation with each other. Mr Buthelezi has already
made an important concession, one without which reform must come to a dead
end. He accepts that his ideal of one man, one vote in a unitary state is
rejected by whites, and that a compromise must be found.

With that starting point, there is no reason on the side of the president
and the National party why the proposed discussion forum should not begin.

The declaration of intentions for which Mr Buthelezi is asking is already
contained in the president's address to Parliament. It is simply a pity
that Mr Botha did not call it that.

The broad guidelines contained therein should set the KwaZulu leader's
personal hesitations at rest, if he has any. It is unrealistic to expect
more details. He ought to understand that.

In the past the complaint was precisely that the white government worked
out the details on its own and then asked black leaders to accept them.
Mr Botha wants to avoid that.

Chief Minister Buthelezi is therefore now asking that the details be worked
out at the conference table in consultation and cooperation with black
leaders themselves.

We surmise that Mr Buthelezi's problem is the danger that he might lose the

support of his own people. That is a real risk for him. And open coopera-
tion by other black leaders can even involve danger to their lives.

84


pRs-SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIALS DISCUSS POLITICAL PROGRESS, FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
Sharing Power

Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 21 May 85 p 12

[Editorial: "Fundamental Freedoms"]

[Text] It takes courage and a formidable personality to expose yourself as
a South African and, moreover, a white cabinet member to a barrage of
international questioning. Judging by press reports, the minister of
external affairs acquitted himself well of the task in this BBC program.

We wholeheartedly concur with Mr Pik Botha that South Africa and its govern-
ment take exception to charges that it has the most horrifying motives,
that it oppresses people simply becuase of their skin color, whereas we are
honestly striving to bring about a better life and future for everyone.

The government--and the Whites--are prepared to share power with all the
population groups in the country. But to those who demand that we hand over
the power, be they South Africans or foreigners, the answer is no.

To couple the struggle for a system of self-determination for individual
communities with freedom of association for the country as a whole may seem
contradictory to the critic from a homogeneous society.

South Africa's many peoples, its variety of cultures, ethnicity and
development make peace and order, and also, above all, nondiscrimination,
dependent precisely on the protection of individual communities. The
American discrimination of forcing people of irreconcilable cultures together
would explode like an atom bomb in South Africa.

We agree with Mr Botha's thesis that the two morality laws must be repealed
because we can no longer justify them to ourselves; that we must move away
from discrimination on grounds of color; and that we believe in fundamental
freedoms.

Despite ourselves we must nonetheless admit that pressure from within and

without played, and still plays, a large part in weaning us from the sort
of beliefs we entertain with respect to the color laws.

79



STEPS TO REVIVE COFFEE INDUSTRY

‘Bankok BUSINESS POST in English 10 Jun 85 p 18

[Text]

CSO;

Luanda (Reuter) — Angola hopes to
revive its troubled coffee industry, once
the world’s third largest, after years of
decline caused by civil war and the
emigration of thousands of experienced
Portuguese farmers.

Output plummeted last year to under
24,000 metric tons, about 8% of the
recbrd 1973 crop of 280,000 tons
achieved just before the Portuguese
exodus at independence two years later
and the start of disruptive rebel ac-
tivity.

Vice Minister of Agriculture for Cof-
fee Caetano Joao said the country has
235,000 hectares (580,000 acres) under
coffee, but only one-third is receiving
full attention and only a quarter is in
full production.

He told Reuters that the Government
was now taking a number of steps to
turn the industry's fortunes round,

‘Two years ago, Right-wing Unita
rebels had stepped up their activities in
the coffee-growing northwest of the
region, staging surprise attacks on
unarmed workers.

But workers had since been given
weapons and were now defending the
region, even though many were origi-
nally from central Angola which is
considered to be Unita’s power base, he
said.

Caetano Joao said new coffee bushes
were being. planted to replace many
that were 35-40 years old and past their
prime.

But he warned that it would be three
years before they started producing
berries and said there was little hope of
Angola quickly regaining the third
rank in the world coffee league that it
held in 1973.

The industry also faced a severe
Jahour shortage — while it now had
40,000 workers, 30,000 more were
necded if Angola’s ambitious expansion
plans were to succeed, he said.

The Government was encouraging

3400/461

people from central Angola to move
with their families to the northwest to
work in the coffee plantations, not as
forced migrant labour as in colonial
times, but as settled workers in spe-
cially built housing, he said.

Caetano Joao said Angola had re-
ceived aid from overseas, with France
lending 47 million francs ($5 million) to
improve technical facilities and grant-
ing another 5 million francs ($535,000)
to study the biology of the coffee plant
at three research stations.

‘The country also hoped to employ
Brazilian experts to help revive the
industry, he said.

Despite the sharp fall in production
over recent years, coffee export earn-
ings have heid up well. Angola received
$79 million from exports last year, @
sum Caetano Joao described as respect-
able considering that in 1975, revenue
was $113 million on almost seven times
the tonnage.

Although exports fell to 22,750 tons
last year from 26,000 tons in 1983,
income rose by $8 million as quality
improved through the introduction of
advanced processing machinery. Ango-
lan coffee fetched an average $3,505 a
ton last year, well above the interna-
tional average, he said.

East Germany was by far the biggest
buyer of Angolan coffee last year, tak-
ing 61% of exports, followed by West
Germany (26%) and Portugal (5%).

But diplomats say coffee earnings are
now minimal compared with oil which
accounted for over 90% of Angola’s
foreign exchange income of $2.1 billion
last year.

Caetano Joao says Angola plans to
boost exports to at least 30,000 tons by
1990 and double that amount by 1995,
but cautions that is no easy-target.

“Many people would like to export
three times that amount, but that is
wishful thinking as work is slow and
‘one must act carefully,” he said.

JPRS-SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

ANGOLA



As his message was essentially economic, Diouf would have without a doubt lost
nothing in developing the theme of justice, as he did education. To speak of
justice for the man in the street, faced with the hardships of the economic
situation is to comment on the law against illegal acquisition of wealth——a
law that has not yet proven itself even though the crime it punishes is
rampant in the streets of the so-called residential districts. It cannot
punish because it does not succeed in covering all the elements involved in
the crime. And it is not retroactive, which--from the standpoint of logic--
is absurd, as fortunes, even when dishonestly acquired, are not made in a day.

An economic statement. So be it. But the unsaid and the omitted are the
result of the evident failure of a policy that is extroverted in nature and
that puts an impaired economy under the wing of foreign capital. What will
be the state of affairs in 1986 on the 26th anniversary? The reinstatement
of private enterprise will be basking in the sun of independence and the
people in bondage.

12413
CSO: 3419/384

49



COUNCIL OF CHURCHES CRITICIZE GOVERNMENT DURING MEETING

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 5 Jun 85 p 9

[Text]

THE “faithless ideol- |
ogy of apartheid” and
the effect its propa-
ganda has had on peo-
ple was the root cause
of South Africa’s prob-
lems, a group of
churches has said.

The churches at-
tended a consultation
of regional councils of
churches arranged by
the SA Council of .
Churches in Johannes-
burg from May 28 to *
May 30 and issued a
statement expressing
“deep concern” about
the crisis in South Af-
rica.

The statement was
made available to:
SAPA yesterday by
the SACC. The
statement criticised the
black education sys-
tem, the army pres-
ence in townships and |
police conduct in |
townships. |

“We express our:
shock and dismay at |
the depth and serious- :
ness of the crisis now !
faced by our beloved
country,” the churches |
said.

“There are daily re- *
ports of killing and de-,
struction of property.
Black townships have
turned into battlefields

with violent conduct
not only between Po-
lice, army and town-
ship residents, but also
among residents them-
selves. Brutal mob

murders have become .

the order of the day in
some parts.”

The . current econ-
omic recession was
“much more serious
than is generally sup-
posed,” the churches
said.

“From our constitu-
encies we continually
hear-of widescale re-
trenchment, massive
unemployment and the
consequent damage
to family life and hu-
man dignity.

“Rampant inflation
is shrinking the take-
home pay of our peo-
ple and producing
more poverty, anxiety
andcrime,” the
statement said.

The black education
system — “never very
stable” — was at the
point of collapse in
many areas, with ex-
tended school boy-
cotts, arbitrary closure
of schools and univer-
sities and an “apparent
inability or unwilling-

91

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ness on the part of ed-
ucational authorities to
acknowledge and cor-
rect the basic cause of
this collapse.”

The cause, in the
churches’ view, was
that “the entire educa-
tional system is based
on discrimination and
separation.”

“The South African
Government’s external
relations with our
neighbouring states
seem to be equally pre-
cariously balanced,”
the statement added.

“The South African
Defence force has sent,
soldiers into Angola
despite the Lusaka
Agreement. The Nko-
mati Accord, hailed
with such acclaim at its

i ‘inception, has been all’:
“but destroyed by the

South African Govern-
ments’ history of flirta-
tion with the Renamo,
rebels.

“Pressures for disin-
vestment are inten-
sified by the Govern-
ment’s headlong arrest
and detention of trade
union leaders, political
activists, community
and student leaders
and church
spokesmen.”

The churches were
particularly concerned



NATAL UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES RISING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 85 p15

[Text]

cso:

3400/452

DURBAN — Unemploy-
ment among all race
groups in Natal is con-
tinuing to increase.

Figures released by Mr
JN Hitchcock, divisional
inspector of the Depart-
ment of Manpower in
Durban, shows that a
total of 31 802 were regis-
tered as unemployed at
the department —_ last
month. .

The largest group
unemployed were Black
who numbered 16 995. *

In April 15 140 Blacks
were registered unem-
ployed while the overall
figure for the month was
29 508,

These figures show that
the unemployment rose
by more than 2 000 for the
corresponding month.

The figures released
also show that Durban
had the highest number of
unemployed, followed by
Pietermaritzburg, New-
castle and Ladysmith.

In May, 3 660 Whites,
7066 Coloureds and
Indians registered as
unemployed. In April
there 3 518 Whites, 1 613
Coloureds and 6 665 In-

‘dians unemployed in the
Durban area,

The situation in Pieter-
maritzburg is that 530
Whites were registered as
unemployed in May, with
478 Coloureds and 1 237
Indians.

At Ladysmith, north-
ern Natal, 69 Whites, 14
Coloureds and 74 Indians
were unemployed in May.

In the Newcastle dis-
trict, 162 Whites, 16
Coloureds and 88 Indians
registerd with the depart-
ment as being unem-
ployed.

70

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


far from having solved the problem, and it will take a lot of work and a lot
of commitment on our side to be able to solve the complete problem, which I
think is of main interest and benefit, as I said, for all the countries in
the region. [end recording]

Mr Cabaco admits that the signing of the Accord of Mkomati has, to some
extent at least, influenced Mozambique's relations with a number of
countries, many of them in the West. What is his country's attitude now
toward the present day American policy of constructive engagement, particu-
larly in the region of southern Africa?

[Begin Cabaco recording] Well, we think that any big country, any country
with the world policy which is honestly committed to bring peace and
development to our region, the Government of Mozambique welcomes this diplo-
matic move. Any intervention which is aimed to bring instability and des-
truction of our economies and our countries we firmly oppose. So far, the
role that the American government has played—-although I believe it has been
not very decisive, I think the decisive role has been played by Mozambique
and South Africa--but it has been positive and I think no problem to the
improvement of the situation between South Africa and Mozambique. The
United States as well as these countries, the most important role they can
play is to diplomatically put pressure on the forces which are interested in
the destabilization of the region. This is one thing, and as they have a
certain capacity of doing so, the other thing is promoting the inte-
rnational confidence in the region and promoting the importance in terms of
the international, the world situation, that this region is kept as a region
of peace and development and not as a region of confrontation. [end
recording }

So, Mozambique believes the West, and more especially the large nations such
as the United States, has an important diplomatic role to play in the former
Portuguese colony. But what is the state of present day relations between
the war-torn country and the mighty United States? The U.S. Ambassador to
Mozambique, Mr Peter de Vos:

{Begin de Vos recording] I would say they are not only good but, very good.
As you know the relationship has not always been a very, very happy one.

We have had diplomatic relations with Mozambique since independence in 1975.
We had an ambassador here in 1976 to 1980 and I came here in 1983.

The relationship was sort of, one might say, a formal relationship up until
1982, when Foreign Minister Chissano and our Secretary of State Shultz met
in New York and decided that we should identify areas where we could really
work together. As a consequence of that, we sent some of our people who
have been to Mozambique to talk to the Mozambican Government. They sent
people to Washington, and throughout 1983 the relationship improved con-
siderably; I am a consequence of that. Of course, the Mozambicans put an
ambassador in Washington. Ambassador Ferrao was their first ambassador in
Washington in 1984. And of course it involved the Nkomati Accord.

It involved, on the bilateral side, many contacts and many agreements being

31



Invent it? It can be done. The emergency program completed in
Niger on 15 December 1984 proves that. A program that will make
your peace ~- if ever there was suspicion -- with France's coopera
tion aid and with its Aid and Cooperation Fund (FAC). Why? Be-
cause its project No 118/cd/84, implemented in May at Niger's re-
quest, has not bogged down. The bureaucracy and its devious delays
have. not won. In short, within the space of a few months, 50 wells
have begun to flow in the outlying neighborhoods of Niamey.

One report states this terse conclusion: "This program made it
possible to provide close to 30,000 people with good drinking water
supplies that are guaranteed permanent, and whose chemical and bac~
teriological quality will be regularly monitored. There you have
something of a miracle for a population too often at risk from the
fouled and polluted water from old wells." In Yantala and Taladje,
suburbs of the capital, seven pumps are operated by Nigerien women,
a latter-day reincarnation of.Rome's Vestals. Huge iron barrels

are filled night and day with "found" water, flowing 45 meters be-
neath the earth and the sands.

Engineers from the Geological and Mineral Research Bureau (BRGM),
working with French and Algerian companies, have drilled 53 holes,
of which 50 will be made productive. Each well will have cost, all
told, between 65,000 and 100,000 francs, according to the difficul-
ties encountered during exploration and drilling. That is fine.

Very fine. You should have heard the people in the low-income
neighborhoods affected applaud (spont aneousl]y ) as Pierre Beregovoy,
Economics Minister, and Development and Cooperation Minister Chris-
tian Nucci toured the area recently.

Even so, water is still in short supply. Niger hopes to get 50
more wells, which will not be any too many. One well can supply
no more than 1,000 people.

There is still not enough water. The 1984 harvests, as we all know,
will not be enough to fill the gap. With 1.250 million tons of
millet, they fall short of the demand by 350,000 tons. That isa
very substantial deficit, and one which international aid will have
to cover to the tune of 240,000 tons. Unfortunately, Niger is a
jand-locked country. Gifts of cereal grains will have to pass
through the ports of Cotonou (Benin) or Lome (Togo), and be trans~
shipped from there overland by truck.

Dollars to Keep Alive

Of the 340,000 tons pledged, only 36,000 tons have arrived thus far.
The EEC has pledged another 85,000 tons, France 25,000 additional
tons, and the United States 100,000 tons. Washington's gift -- the
United States is an increasing presence in Niger -- has not yet been
delivered, but Vice President George Bush said when he stopped over
in Niamey that he was working on the remaining administrative log-
jams.

43



Nevertheless, he says, all arrangements have already been made to
prevent such a situation's occurring again.

However, the really big economic activity in this zone belongs to
the giant Gecamines (General Quarries and Mines Company), whose
volume of production from its underground mines is steadily increa-
sing over levels prior to 1976. Gecamines' annual report for 1982
shows that growth in output has been rising at an annual rate on
the order of 28 percent.

In addition to this huge operation, the zone's capital boasts five
or more department stores and a large number of bars scattered
throughout the area.

Another key factor is the fact that, over previous years, Kipushi's
peasants took a very dim view of farming. Their primary pursuits
tended to'be fishing, “hunting, and above all ‘timbering. These
activities were, in their view, better paid than farming.

In Lumata (a town some 50 kilometers from Lubumbashi in the direc-
tion of Musoshi), for instance, coal-mining is one of the main oc-
cupations of these peasants. It is therefore high time that these
old habits be broken, once and for all.

6182

CSO: 3419/421

112



was bankrupt, but because of a supposedly large loss of shipping trade. And
the workers found themselves out of a job, without employment benefits or the
possibility of appealing to the courts! Because the laws are silent on this
point, to the detriment of all workers in this country.

Side Effects

The other reason for satisfaction underscored by President Diouf is tourism.
But who controls this sector? Non-nationals for the most part, again. One
of the side effects of tourism is, to be sure, the creation of jobs. However,
another--even more important--is the unchecked development of immorality and
it endangers the equilibrium of the family unit.

Public health was given only a few lines in the speech to the nation, even
though it is largely dependent upon an upswing in production and dn increase
in productivity in all sectors. Is it because Diouf has done nothing for
health, since all the country's hospitals were built or started under Senghor?
In any case, basic health care can be attributed to the World Health Organ-
ization (WHO) and to the population.

Nonetheless, one of the most important events of the festivities remains the
open war that Diouf has declared on farmers. It all started with his evident
failure; to wit, 2 years of implementing the new Agricultural Policy (NAP)
equal 2 seasons of poor peanut sales. Indeed, out of a planned 600,000 metric
tons, only 200,000 metric tons of peanuts could actually be marketed last year.
As a result, the oil mills are operating at only 50 percent of their crushing |
capacity.

A Private Domain

But this evident failure reflects badly on the NAP, which has been nurtured
by Diouf for the past 10 years and which has not produced any concrete re-
sults in 2 years. So Diouf is persisting. But as far as the program goes,
it aims very simply at privatizing the entire agricultural sector from the
distribution of fertilizers and seed plants to marketing campaigns--a privat-
ization that puts the peasant under the thumb of business people representing
an insignificant number of nationals. Indeed, who controls the market for
food? Foreigners, of course. The market for vehicles and machines? Foreign-
ers, again. As for the chemicals market, it iis their private domain. Because
they have easy access to bank loans which are a major stumbling block to
Senegalese businessmen.

By deciding to halt (as of next year) state-managed distribution of peanut
seed plants and fertilizer, and by raising the producer price for peanuts

to 90 francs a kilo for the last sales season, what does Diouf hope to do?
To eliminate the unofficial market? A difficult wager to bring off when it
is known that as of today, a kilo of peanuts costs the peasant 150 francs in
Gambia and Mauritania and 100 francs in Senegal, even on the unofficial mar-
ket. Next year, the prices will probably go through the roof. Will there
be chaos? In any event, it will not be like the "golden days" of the trade
15 years ago.

48



CHITEPO CALLS FOR CONSERVATION REVOLUTION

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jun 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

3400/466 .

INCREASING pressure
on African countries to
use anore land for agel-
culture hag led to serious
envirovmental problems,
the Minister of Natural
Resources and Tourism,
Cde Victoria Chitepo,
_onld in Harare yesterday.

In a World Conserva-
tlon Day message she
said the depletion of for-
ests, soils, water and
wildlife had a direct bear~
ing on the wellbeing of
the population.

Cade Chitepo noted:

@ Africa had the largest
population growth in the
world, causing severe en-
vironmental prohtems,

@ The continent's em-
phasis on cash cropg to
earn foreign exchange
had meant growlog baste
food on marginst ‘and
which resulted in degra
dation.

@ Africa’s per capita
food production was de-
creasing and the recent
@rovght had worsened
the situation.

She told a meeting of
conservationists from
Government and non-
government organisa.
tions: “In Africa’s hour
of need a revolution in
environmental awareness
should be the continent's
priority.”

Zimbabwe would take
part in the first meeting
of African ministers of
the environment to be
held in Catro, Egypt, in
: December,

Turning to wildlife, Cde
Chitepo sald some “ele-
ments” from abroad were
poaching in Zimbabwe.
International co-operation
would be sought to deal

with the menace. On the
national level the minis-
try had increased antl-
poaching units.

Revenue from wildlife
was providing a source of
income for people in the
communal ‘areas. Twenty-
seven districts had earned
e. total of $2,8 million over
the last four years which
had been used for clinics
and other projects.

The main purpose of
conservation was to sus-
tain food production.

Cde Chitepo challenged
the conservationists to
find ways of sustaining
development without
straining the environment.
For exainple, Zimbabwe's

opulation was growing:

it not the land,

“It is ironic that man's
struggle for food is des-
troying the very land
upon which it is grown,
Many areas in our coun-
try had lost their prodnc-
tive potential through
massive soil erosion re-
sulting in the cultivable
land being reduced while
the demand for food in-~
creases.”

133

JPRS-SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



A special Fund for Africa, set up at the beginning of this year,
should provide a new weapon for use against the drought. France,
Canada, Italy, The Netherlands, the Scandinavian countries, the
United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, and a number of
Middle-East countries have already raised $1.2 billion to finance
projects designed to cope with the drought, malnutrition, and, in
some instances, famine.

Dollars to Eat. Dollars to drink. Dollars to live. But please
hurry! "The African countries cannot wait," says Bergovoy, who
misses no occasion to point out that in 1983 Mitterrand was the
sponsor of this special Fund earmarked for Sub-Saharan Africa,
where more than 100,000,000 human beings have not enough to eat and
where mortality rates are rising.

"As of now, lines of credit can be opened," he says. "The countries
that need them must come up with programs for financing."

Dollars that will feed Niger while other dollars come out of its
coffers to settle its foreign debt, a third’ of which. is payable

in dollars. A debt whose interest payments for 1983-84 alone soaked
up 24 percent of Niger's export earnings and 42 percent of total
gove rnment revenues.

Poor Niger! Its agriculture is shocked, maltreated, thwarted. Its
one source of wealth -~ uranium -- has lost more than 20 percent of
its market value. In short: "development is bugging out." "It is
tragic," says one international expert, in confidence. "There is
no discernible cause for optimism, and the drought is going to con-
tinue. You can analyze ali the economic and climatological parame-
ters any way you like: Niger comes out a loser." All Niger has
going for it now is its discipline and that rare quality, its
courage.

6182
cso: 3419/418

4h



The careful, joint orchestration of the ecclesiastical and political
attack on the Law on Mixed Marriages and art 16 of the Law on Immorality
also proves that the highest leaders of both organizations are of like
minds.

Their collective action against farmers, who do not want to be dictated
to by the leaders of those two groups, brings them even further onto the
same level.

Last week agricultural Jeaders told DIE AFRIKANER that standing together
now is the only hope for a future for the South African farmer--standing
together in a united front over the heads of the leaders of the secret
organizations that try to divide the farmers.

The real contrast is not between good Afrikaners and the cosmopolitans
in Freemasonry. It is, however, between the leaders of the two leftist
groups on one side and all real Afrikaner farmers, among whom there are
many Broederbond members and even some Freemasons, on the other side.

With the future of the South African farmer at stake, the farmer community
has to be able to count on the farmers' unyielding sense of identity

and the loyalty of those farmers who belong to the Afrikaner Broederbond,
it is said in agricultural circles.

12855
cso: 3401/208

73



writes. It is the only body capable of growing”
into a real challenge to white domination —
particularly in the next 15 years.

_. Increasing numbers of unemployed and
frustrated black youth will skip the country to .
be trained as guerillas, he says, and the ANC
may succeed in establishing bases and camps
in a country near South Africa.
« Since he wrote this, there have been indica-
tions that the ANC has found an alternative
solution to this problem: semi-independent
groups such as the SA Suicide Squad, trained
__ internally,
* Low-level violence and insurgency will be the
order of the day in South Africa’s immediate
future, says Theo Hanf of the University of
Frankfurt in West Germany, an international
expert on ethnically divided societies. -
But it will not topple State authority — and
South Africa faces a reasonably stable future,
he predicts.
But what does the man in the street predict?
A sample by Natal University Institute of So-
cial Research director Lawrence Schlemmer
with Giliomee makes grim reading. °
A whopping 85 percent of 150 black respon-
dents expected life to be worse in future, And
57 percent of middle-class Sowetans felt the
same. :
‘The managing director of a thriving black-
owned marketing consultancy in Johannes-
; burg, Ruel Khoza, said: “T believe there’s a
‘ major anomaly in the manner we are gov-
* erned. The Government is showing a split per-

sonality in its approach to ruling the country.”

And yet, though author Thomas Karis says
no prediction can be made with certainty, he
sees a future South African Government
peopled by the likes of Bishop Desmond Tutu,
Frederick van Zyl Slabbert, Oliver Tambo,
Nelson Mandela and civil rights campaigners.
NEXT WEEK: Who should the Govern-
ment be talking to?

cso: 3400/449

83



: JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

NIGER

KOUNTCHE ON AFRICA SEEKING ITS OWN WAY TO DEVELOPMENT
Paris LE FIGARO in French 20 Mar 85 p 4

[Interview with Niger's President Seyni Kountche, by Francois
Hauter, date and place not given |

[Text] Question: Mr President, you are doing your best here in
Niger to get your farmers and cattleraisers to think in new ways.
Do you get the impression that, in the rich countries, people tend
to underestimate the reactive capacity of poor countries?

EAnswer] In dealings between rich and poor, neither side must deny
its responsibilities. There are mistakes on both sides. Aid has
not been easy to see, in concrete terms, by either side. Why,

with all the aid that. Africa -- and especially the Sahel -~ has re-
ceived over the past 20 years, is it still where it was before?
Asking questions like this is the way to get both parties to admit
that both have made mistakes. Let us turn over a new leaf, then,
and devise a new strategy for intervention...

[Question] You said, in an interview: "What really hurts is our
intellectual and financial dependency on the rich countries." are
you not doomed to accept that dependent status?

[Answer] Africa is still seeking its path to development. In the
first flush of our independence, some of us adopted a bastard ver-
sion-ef capitalism, others opted for a pseudo-socialism. Where
does that leave us? We have not yet so much as reached the’ star+
ting line! We have moved backward... You people in Europe made
your industrial revolution after you had developed and established
your agricultural wealth. We have yet to establish even that pri-
mary wealth. We have remained intellectually dependent,. because
we tried to imitate models and patterns that would not fit here.

[Question] That is the point: is it realistic to ask African heads
of State to modernize their countries on a crash basis, riding
roughshod over the feelings of the farmers, and at the same time

to make a mosaic of federated entities of peoples whose traditio-
nal habits and customs are very dear to them —- and to do both at
one and the same time?

38



New Rates of Pay

HARARE — Domestic
workers rates: Grade 1
(yard/garden), $75 a
month; Grade 2 (cook/
keusekeeper), $75; Grade
3 (aby, disabled or aged-
minder), $79: agriculture
worker, $75 with accom-
madation, transport, lights
and fuel allowances.

For those living away
from place of work Grade
1, $93; Grade 2, $95;
3°" 3, $97; agriculture,

Casual agriculture wor-
hers, excluding plantation
werkers, will get 64c an
hour; Grade 1 domestics,
ec; Grade 2, with or
without Grade 1 duties,
@6e and Grade 3, 68c.

new minimum
wege for agro-industries
ef citrus, sawmill, sugar,
tea, poultry, processing
and mining, municipali-
fies, town councils, local
wards, - rural councils in
designated. areas, $143,75
. @ month.

Persons employed in
commercial fishing -on
Jakes, dams and rivers,

» $147,20,

Fergons other. than
shilted — employed by

eral councils in non-
designated areas, district
councils or similar Incal

CSO: 3400/465

authorities $75 a month.

Skilled persons employ-

ed by any rural or di:
rict council or simitar
local authority and all
employees in commerce
and industry $143,75 a
month.

Persons employed in
welfare and educational
institutions other than
Government-owned $85.

Because musicians did
not have uniform salary,
the Government had de-
cided to work out their
rates, Those performing
ir. towns will now get
$200 a menth each while

those in rural and distriet |

council areas will earn
$143,75.

Workers, ineluding do- |
mestic and agricultural :
receiving a?

emptoyees,
monthly salary that is
ahove the minimum wage
wp to $200 a month shall
be awarded a 15 percent
increase.

Workers receiving a
monthly salary or wage
of more than $300 up to
the new maximum ceiling
of $36000 a year should
receive increases from 14
percent down.

Examples of tlie range
of maximum inerements
that may be negotiated,
authorised or required on

annual income are: Those

getting an annual income
between $3 601 and $7 200
— 14. percent; $7201 to
$10800 (12) percent);
$10 801 to $14 400 (11 per-
cent); $14 401 to $18 000
(91 percent); $18 001 to
$21600 8 percent);
to $25 200 (6}

$25 201 to
Percent);
ta $32400 (3)

pércent);

$28800 «5
$28 801

reent); = $32 400 to
$6000 (2 percent);
$36 000-plus fixed.

The rates for bank
workers: $3 011 to $7200
(17_ percent), $7201: to

$0800 (154 __ percent);
$10801 to $14400 (14
ercent);  $14401 to -
$is-c00 (124 pereent);
$18 001 to $21600 (I
ercent); $21601 te
$35 200 (9) percent).

Because

night,

124

: a telex problem,
earning from $25 201 and abo

Percentage rates for those:
ve were not available last-


JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

COFFEE EXPORT PROBLEMS--Six hundred thousand bags of Ugandan coffee intended
for export via Kenyan and Tanzanian ports are stuck in Uganda, because of rail
transport problems in the other two countries. The weekly THE PEOPLE, organ of
the ruling Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), published a report quoting the
minister of transport, Mr Yosamu Mugenyi, to the effect that the delays are
also caused by problems in transporting the coffee by road within Uganda
itself. However, an agreement was reached in late March with Kenyan trucking
companies to provide 80 trucks to transport 34,000 tons of Ugandan coffee all
the way to Mombasa during the dry season (which ends in late September). This
accord, combined with the one signed recently with Tanzania for rail transport,
should enable Uganda to meet its export allotment quotas, according to the
minister. Uganda is the second largest producer of robusta coffee in Africa,
and coffee exports provide 95 percent of its foreign trade earnings. [Text]
{Bujumbura LE RENOUVEAU in French 9 Apr 85 p 6] 9516

CSO : 3419/417

108


POLICIES OF RADIO TRUTH UNCOVERED

Johannesburg SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Jun 85 p 9

[Article by Stephen McQuillan]

[Text]

RADIO Truth — the station be- |
hind the vitriolic wave of. sub-
versive propaganda aimed at
Zimbabwe — is distributing a
statement of policy.

It is the first time a written
statement from the station has
been uncovered since it started
broadcasts in March -1983, say. -
shortwave experts.

Titled “Position Statement
— Radio Truth”, the document,
released in Britain, says: “Our
title — ‘Radio Truth’ — was
well chosen.

“In the welter of lies, half-
truths and distortions emanat-
ing daily from the government-
controlled media in Harare, it
was — and still is — vital that
the voice of truth be heard.

‘This is the purpose that we

serve, ;
“Contrary to the spurious
propaganda stories, Radio

Truth is not, and never has
been, anti-Zimbabwe. We are
a Zimbabwe-based organisa-
tion, manned by dedicated
Zimbabweans. Our loyalty to
this country and its people is
unquestioned.

“We are Zimbabwe national- ‘

; ists in the true sense of that
> word and we do not support

any specific factions or tribal °
groupings within our society.

“Through our own reporters
and through friends all over the

. country, we have access to the

truth in all its forms — the spo-

117

ken word, documents and pho-"

tographs. .

“It is our task to broadcast,
the facts about Zimbabwe, our
neighbours and, where appro-
priate, the world at large.

“We will draw conclusions
and pass relevant comment,

\ for the availability of construc-

tive criticism is a healthy sign
in any country.

“Since this is denied through
normal channels in Zimbabwe,
it is necessary to have a clan-

* destine radio station that can

fulfil the role.

“We are unashamedly anti-
Marxist. We believe this to be

‘ an evil and worthless ideology

that can only bring disaster to
our Jand.

“We will expose its ruthless
nature, its reliance on force
and its utter failure to bring
anything but fear, misery and

poverty to those countries that '

subscribe to its principles.

“We believe fervently in the”

principles of democracy and
the outstanding merits of free
enterprise.

“We value highly the basic
freedoms inherent in the demo-

cratic system and tradition —*

freedom of thought, expression,
association and worship and
the right to life and liberty for

every individual. To this end, -
we will support all those.”
“groups and associations dedi- ;

cated to the same philosophy.

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

FIRST WOMAN PARATROOPER

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 30 May 85 p7

[Text]
HARARE — It takes courage posted to 4 Brigade. “It was from heaven,”
an letermination for a at this time that | volunteer- On her plans for the future
woman to ‘join the ranks of eu to attend the paratroopers’ as a paratrooper, Cpl Nya-
paratroopers of any defence selection course in June last ~~ mbara said she would like
force. year,” she sald. to keep jumping and hopes

The first woman _ para- Cpl Nyampara was work- to undergo an advanced
trooper with the Zimbuvwe ing as a typist with 1 Para paratroopers’ course. “1 want
; National Army, Cpi Mary Group and it was through to do the advanced course so
,Nyambara (23), has all the her cose association with tne 1 can join other free fallers
qualities needed to be part paratroopers that she decided and be abie to participate in
of one of the ZNA’s presti. to undergo the paratroopers’ shows and international
gious units, course. competitions.”

Based at 1 Parachute Bat- “Even if 1 was a woman, | Free fallers are para-
talion, near Inkomo Barracks, thought it was better for me troopers who jump from a
Cpl Nyambara joined the to do the para course because _ height of more than 10000
army in 1981 after fighting 1 wanted all women soldiers ‘feet before opening their
the liberation struggle along: in the army to follow my parachutes at 5000 feet
side other ZAI cadres. steps.” i . _

Since then, she has not Asked how she felt after we height sfetector zt
‘looked back: She started her. passing the course, she said: fo the front of the
leareer as a soldier with the ‘Just great. During my first parachute. They lend on -
Five Brigade before being: jump, I felt like ] was coming specific targets. — Own Corr. |

CSO: 3400/456

122



JPRS-SSA-85-061

15 July 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Norway To Help Break Reliance on South African Trade
(THE SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Jun 85)...

African Countries Urged To Expand Trade in Spices
(THE HERALD, 7 Jun 85)...

ANGOLA
Mitterrand's Support for Unita Revealed in New Secret Service Book
, (James Tomlins; THE STAR, 28 May 3) eens 4
STAR Reporter Visits Jamba, Cites Savimbi on ANC, SWAPO in Cabinda
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 6 Jun B5) weeeecceeece sees 5
Steps To Revive Coffee Industry
(BUSINESS POST, 10 Jun > ee ry 7
BOTSWANA

Zimbabwe's New Rule on Exports Anger Businessmen
(Jonathan Maphenduka; BUSINESS CHRONICLE, 6 Jun 85)...6. 8

Railway Link With Namibian Coast Planned
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 May 85)sececesceressecssecece 10

Negotiations Underway To Refine Nickel-Copper in Zimbabwe
(Jonathan Maphenduka; BUSINESS CHRONICLE, 6 Jun 85)....- 11

EEC Beef Exports Discussed
(THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85).seeececeeeseeccccecescgesecereces 12

-a-



simply won't help for the state to protect the local product if its quality
doesn't make an impact on the buyer. On the whole the White Paper has
found approval in the industrial sector.

It is a plan that cannot be put into effect all at once. But we hope that
it will not be treated like many other similar documents in simply gathering
dust on the shelf as time passes.

If necessary a working committee composed of experts from the private sector

and from the state can be appointed to put the master plan into practice
step by step.

12906
csO: 3401/179

101



already is unrest among NP and LP (Labour Party) members over the blazing
rightist attack and a leadership struggle could draw additional dividing
lines.

Although Dr van der Merwe's health had been extremely critical over the
past months, he evidently had been persuaded by the cabinet to remain
in the post to. avoid the possibility of a leadership struggle, as well
as an interim election in Bethlehem, his district.

What the government had feared is now facing it in Bethlehem: a vehement
campaign against a consolidated rightist attack. Although the HNP
[Herstigte Nationale Party] and KP [Conservative Party] had not yet reacted
at press time, it is a known fact that the district will be challenged.

According to NP papers, the Administrator of the Free State, Mr Louis
Botha, is being considered as an NP candidate. Another name mentioned
is that of C.D. Cilliers, president of the Corn Council and a farmer
from Bethlehem.

The interim election in Bethlehem will probably coincide with the one

in Port Natal, where an opening came up after the resignation of

Mr Pierre Cronjé, deputy minister of the Interior. The appointment of

a Commissioner-General for Qwa Qwa could bring with it a further by-election.

12855
cso: 3401/209

61



JPRS-SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SENEGAL

ANNIVERSARY MARKED BY ECONOMIC FAILURE
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 12-26 Apr 85 pp 4-5, 8
[Editorial by Y. Ndiaye: "piouf Celebrates His Failure"]

[Text] Economic failure, political failure, social fail-
ure. Such is, in sum, the outcome of 25 years of inde-
pendence and 2 years of Abdou Diouf's presidency. A
highly negative outcome--hence the official reinstatement
of private enterprise in the 4 April. address.

On 4 April, as every year for the past 25 years, Senegal celebrated its rise
to international sovereignty, and President Abdou Diouf made his fifth ad-
dress to the nation since reaching its highest office.

We were expecting festivities of some austerity—the -president's watchword;
they were in the highest tradition of colorful ceremonies. What does this
mean, if not that the austerity is for the people to suffer in their flesh
and blood, while the government continues to live just as extravagantly as it
did 5 years ago. What colossal sums have again been spent only to groom the
head of state's image? Probably tens or hundreds of millions.

In spite of all the epic weaving and horn blowing occasioned by the event,
Diouf's image in the eyes of the common Senegalese remains the same: It is
the image of failure by a man who had inspired great hopes when he took office
in 1980, then in 1983. An economic failure culminating in the closing of
state-owned companies and a generally mediocre agricultural campaign. A pol-
itical failure as seen in the eroding of the national government and the events
dn Casamance. Finally, a social failure due to rising unemployment, increas-
ing juvenile delinquency, and misappropriation of public funds....

However, in his address to the nation, the head of state gave himself high
marks for the trends in all economic channels, except agriculture in general
and peanut farming in particular. He thus hailed the "strong and steady
expansion" of the ocean fishing industry, without mentioning the fact that this
sector is for the most part controlled by non-nationals who can close up shop
whenever they want, taking their gains with them. Moreover, this is true of
maritime transportation as well, in which, for example, SAMOA [expansion un-
known] (essentially foreign-owned) closed down on 28 February, not because it

47



TRAWLERS' SECRET FISHING IN BLACK AFRICAN WATERS REVEALED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Jun 85 p 9

[Article by Michael Johnson]

[Text]

A SECRET fishing operation into “hostile” black African
waters was undertaken by two South African trawlers.
The vessels advertised false ports of origin and flew false
flags, claims an officer who was aboard one of them.

The hush-hush operation had the blessing of the Department of
Sea Fisheries and a major South African seafood company, both of
which had officials aboard.

It took place a month before the ill-fated South African comman-
do “intelligence” raid into Cabinda.

The two Cape Town-registered prawn trawlers were fishing four
degrees north of the Equator and within two kilometres of the
Cameroon coast, about 600 nautical miles north of Cabinda.

The vessels were not identified as South African or detected while
on their trip, but they returned to South Africa with reef-torn nets

and their holds less than a six- Dr J Serfontein, director of the ae-
teenth full. . partment’s marine development

“We took more fish up there for ranch in Cape Town,
bribes than we brought back,” sald He dented any knowlege of the
the disgruntled former navigational trawlers changing their port of orl-
officer of one of the vessels, In.

And he belleves that If the secret “Tf these guys had an invitation by
mission had been blown, the fate of @ black government to fish in the
the 21-strong, all-South African waters of a black country, then
crews, as well as the multimillion- what's wrong with that?” he asked,
rand vessels, would have been at the “The trawlers went up at the invi-
mercy of the Cameroon authoritles, tation of the Equatorial Guinean au-

‘The ships were owned by Sterlin, thorittes who asked the South Afrl-
Fisherles, a Durban-based subsid- can Government to assist them with
lary of Irvin and Johnson, . the determination of their fishing

porpet the politics — they could resources.”

ME Aer ie eit Py ae ath

“We would have been left to rot in eers. le vessels being in Cameroon
prison,” sald Mr Bent Pedersen, 65, An Irvin and Johnson spokesman

-@ master mariner and the former admitted the vessels were fishing In
navigational officer of the Scorpio Cameroon waters and insisted the
— one of the two trawlers on the trawlers had licences to fist off Ga-
secret mission, bon, Equatorial Guinea and Camer-

Invitati ne
nvitation “Foreign Affairs were well aware

Buta senlor official of the Depart- of this expedition,” sald Mr Bruce
ment of Environmental Affairs this Leash, an employee of I and J in
week dented the operation was se- Cape Town,
eretive and sald the vessels were This was an experimental and
there under Invitation, research trip, well as a commer.

“Tt was not secret, but you cannot elal venture,

advertise something like this,” sald
legal and glant “flop.

96

Mr Pedersen described the trip as
fothing but a costly, dangerous, i

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

GUINEA

JOINT TOBACCO COMPANY CREATED
Conakry HOROYA in French 28 May 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] Ben Kemoko Traore and Joseph Mansare, two Guineans affiliated with an
American firm, Austin Tobacco Company, have just gone in with the Guinean
Government to create a joint company called SOGUITAB (Guinea Tobacco Company].

The company plans to develop tobacco cultivation in the prefectures of
Kissidougou and Beyla and become a regular tobacco supplier to ENTA, the
National Tobacco and Match Enterprise.

The first meeting of the company's board of directors was held 20-21 May in
Conakry.

SOGUITAB, a joint company established in March 1985, has held its first board
of directors meeting in Conakry.

The opening ceremonies, which took place on Monday and Tuesday, 20-21 May at
Peoples Palace, were chaired by Second Lieutenant Joseph Gbhago Zoumanigui,
state secretary for energy, member of the CMRN (Military Committee for National
Recovery], acting minister for industrial development.

Nowadays a guiding principle should prevail in setting up any public or private
enterprise in the Republic of Guinea, and that is taking into account the
viability of the enterprise. Because what good is it to establish an economic
unit, however spectacular, if one does not take into account the economic
factors, especially the primordial factor of profitability?

The CMRN does not want to fall into the errors of the recent past. The very
bitter past.

The state secretary for energy, in a short but rigorous analysis of the current
economic situation, said among other things that the creation of SOGUITAB
corresponds to "a turning-point in the socio-economic evolution of the Republic
of Guinea, involving the difficult and complex task of a deep restructuring of
the administrative institutions of development of the second republic."

Our national tobacco company, which basically depends on importation of raw
naterials, will benefit from the birth of SOGUITAB, which will be its principal
supplier; from now on we must avoid falling back into an imbalance between the
objectives assigned to ENTA (with the help of SOGUITAB) and the goals of
efficiency and economic effectiveness pursued by the Guinean Government.

21



JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BACKGROUND OF PRESIDENT'S PARIS VISIT ANALYZED
Paris LE MONDE in French 7 Jun 85 p 3

{Article by Laurent Zecchini: "President Obiang Nguema's Visit to Paris:
Growing French Influence in the Former Spanish Colony"]

[Text] President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial
Guinea, who has been on an official working visit to
Paris since Monday 3 June, lunched at the Elysee on
the following day. France has an important role to
play in this country that has challenged its alliances
with the Eastern bloc countries and is hoping to lessen
the influence of Spain, its former colonizer.

President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's stay in Paris* is certainly going to irritate
the Spanish authorities. Ever since November 1979, when a reconciliation took
place between France and Equatorial Guinea, Madrid has viewed unfavorably any
French initiatives in its former colonies. Equatorial Guinea's entrance into
the free zone last 1 January served only to deepen those resentments. Taking
advantage of the desire manifested in Malabo to open up French-speaking Central
Africa and to the West, Paris is gaining a growing influence in this little
country of approximately 350,000 inhabitants where everything has to be rebuilt.

Exhausted by 11 years of bloody dictatorship under Francisco Macias Nguema,
Equatorial Guinea has managed, but only with difficulty, to get back on its
feet. Without prejudging the beneficial consequences that the entrance into
the free zone should ultimately bring about, and despite a few successes in the
agricultural field, the Equatorial Guinean situation remains worrisome, despite
a great deal of international financial aid. Between now and the end of June,
a confirmation agreement should be signed with the International Monetary Fund
(IMF), according to which the IMF will grant a $10 million standby loan. In
July, Equatorial Guinea is to "pass" before the Club de Paris for rescheduling
the payments of its foreign debt, which at the end of 1984 was estimated at
$150 million (95 percent of the country's income from exports!). Arrears on
payments to Spain account for over 35 percent of the total debt, as opposed to
18 percent for China and 11 percent for the IMF. It makes no difference; since
1980, the total debt has tripled and servicing the debt has increased eightfold.

*The Equatorial Guinean president previously made an official visit to France
in September 1982.

17



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MASTER PLAN FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 17 May 85 p 8
(Editorial: "Basis for Growth"]

{Text] There are a variety of reasons why this week's White Paper on
Industrial Development must be put into effect as quickly as possible.

The White Paper, of which Minister Dawie de Villiers gave details in
Parliament, is a master plan for industrial development. It offers
prescriptions for instituting a long-term strategy that must put the national
economy on a firm foundation. :

Individual facets of the plan might perhaps be given priority. But since
one development depends on another, the one ought not be done-and the other
neglected. The thrust of the White Paper points to a strengthening of
exports that will enable the Republic to take its place in the free trading
world more fully in the future, not only with its gold and other metals
but with products that can compete in the open market. Quality, first-
class service and a competitive price are the prerequisites for success,
and the White Paper offers guidelines precisely for attaining those goals.

We must free our economy from dependence on gold and: other minerals.

Export or die was the postwar slogan in Japan. It might just as well be
called the central message of the industrial White Paper.

It's one thing to struggle toward the export ideal. To make it possible

in practice depends on-many requirements. One of these is the highest level
of productivity. It is in this area that the Eastern countries--with Japan
and Taiwan in the lead--have the Western industrial nations in a karate

grip, so to speak. They do so well in world markets because their productivity
is so exceptionally high.

Low productivity has long been a problem in South Africa, and this will
have to be worked on from now on.

The White Paper also has proposals for self-protection of local industries

against imported products. This is a many-sided problem, but in the final
analysis service and quality must always be the determining factors. It

100


JPRS-SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MOZAMBICAN OFFICIALS ON RENAMO, PROBLEMS
MB101945 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT 9 Jun 85

["Top Level" program titled "Mozambique Today, Tomorrow" with recorded
portions of interviews with Mozambican Information Minister Jose Luis
Cabaco, U.S. Ambassador to Mozambique Peter de Vos, Mozambican Agriculture
Minister Ferreira dos Santos, and Mozambican Internal Trade Minister Aranda
da Silva in Maputo; date not given]

[Text] Mozambique is celebrating 10 years of independence this month.
Many of those years were spent in acrimony and conflict with South Africa.
However, this year on 16 March, the first anniversary of the Accord of
Nkomati was celebrated. It was the signing of that document that brought
about the South African-Mozambican connection as we know it today.

The signing of the accord was a dream come true for tens of thousands of
South Africans, who believed that in a matter of weeks they would once again
be crunching crispy prawns, be tanning on the golden beaches, be pampered at
luxury hotels and be paying late night visits to the Texas bar on the Rua
Araujo, better known as the Street of Sin. But it was not to be. Today,
more than a year after the signing of the accord, the good old L. M.
{Lourenco Marques] is nothing but a terribly tarnished Maputo. Buildings of
the once vibrant city are more than merely crumbling at their edges. Shops
have little and often nothing to sell. Hotels are deserted and there are
frequent power failures. People are starving not only in Maputo,

but throughout the country, not a few hundred, or a few thousand, but millions
of the country's inhabitants face hunger daily. What is the reason for this
suffering? Simply put, Mozambique is at war and until there is peace within
the country, forget about the old-day L. M. dreams.

It has been said that bush wars are like bush fires: easy to start, diffi-
cult to stop. And indeed, RENAMO from humble beginnings at its creation in
the mid-1970's has goné from strength to strength. Today it has some 12,000
fighters active in destabilizing most of Mozambique's 10 provinces. To give
some idea of the strength of RENAMO, it can be pointed out that there are
now more RENAMO fighters in action than there were Frelimo guerrillas at the
time of Mozambique's independence. Although RENAMO expresses high ideals,
such as the desire to have free elections in the country and to do away with
what it regards as debilitating Marxist-Socialist policies, the Frelimo

29



in politics and in the economy. The present regime, according to Nguza Karl-
I-Bond, is hopelessly caught up in one single concern: clinging to power.
This is why its policy is reduced to corrupting or jailing political
opponents, thereby removing them as threats to its power.

It is clear to Nguza Karl-I-Bond that the constitution must be rigorously
established, amid a national consensus, and that never again must there be any
question of tampering with it whenever the needs of the regime so dictate. In
Particular, there must be a return to full respect for parliament as an
institution.

National Somersault

"My book is not polemical," says Nguza Karl-I-Bond. What I am proposing is a
national somersault on the 25th anniversary of our independence. I believe
there is still time for us to pull ourselves together again, and I want to
submit my proposals to scrutiny by the people of Zaire."

The book sets forth a detailed program for emergency reforms, aimed at the
political system, at education, at the labor unions, at the press, at the
courts... etc.

In his critical passages, the author makes repeated reference to the famous
open letter from Zairois parliamentarians to President Mobutu, which brought
down his government, and to the bishops' message excoriating corruption in all
its forms.

We know that these Zairois parliamentarians were haled into court and
sentenced to prison terms. Several of them are still behind bars.

When asked if he still nurtures political ambitions, the former prime minister
replied: “Of course I do! Otherwise I should not have written this book."

6182
34197421

110



JPRS~SSA~-85-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

TERMINAL TO IMPROVE NRZ CARGO HANDLING

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 25 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

HARARE — The Min-
fster of Transport, Cde
Herbert Ushewoktinze,
yesterday opened a $8,2
million National Rail-
ways of Zimbabwe Loch-
invat container terminal
designed to improve Zim-
habwe's transportation
system,

‘The terminal, built with
local labour and materials,
was originally estimated to
cost $6 million but the final
cost was $86 million because
of escalating costs.

Describing the terminal as a
most worthwhile investment,
Cde Ushewokuna: said: “The
terminal is meant to solve
the problem of traffic con-
gestion and get our products
to customers quickly and
maintaining at _ efficient
transportation system,

«Whether we are importing
er exporting, it pays to get
our products to their desti-
nation in the shortest possi-
ble time. It is also important
that our transport system,
especially the railways, is
kept relatively uncongested
otherwise goods will be hetd
up at various points,” |

3400/449

Services,

The railway. system was cha

presently handling more thaa
10000 containers © annually
and had been experiencing
problems with private sidings
because they were expensive
and held wagons for
periods, said the Minister.

The Lochinvar container
terminal would ease these
problems by ' providing a
rail/road iaterface in Harare,
The terminal would make it
possible to transfer contain-
ers from rail to road or vice-
versa,

CONTAINERS

By centralising this
process, container wagons
would get a turn round time
of one day as opposed to the
previous one of seven days
when containers and wagons
had to move from customer
to customer in the Harare
rail complex, he said,

Cde Ushewokunze said the
NRZ opened a container at
Dabuke near Gweru in 1980

for rail to rail transfer of

containers delivered by the
South African Transport

“By so doing, tha country

was saved a large sum of
money in the, forma of bire

131

‘changes. We weer able to
release South African wagons.
soon.”*

The $2,3 million spent on

that project was, therefore,
a worthwhile investment,

the invar
terminal was built with local
materials, two cranes costing
about z million, were im-
ported from Finland.

“The terminal has been
ideally located near the main
industrial srea with - good
access roads to service users,
This is important as we
anticipate to handle up to
150 containers a day.

“Under current plans the
terminal should meet the
demands of the commercial
and industrial sectors, and
add to th: efficiency of our
economy.

“The ‘planning has been

. There is provision for
an adjacent depot to handle
storage and customs — to be
provided at a later date,” said
Cde Ushewokunze.

He, however, pointed out
that Lochinvar was not a
storing terminal and it would
be important for customers
to collect their containers

uickly — the day they were
Unloaded. — Ziana,



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS ACCUSES UNITED STATES OF IMPERIALISTIC MOTIVES
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 1 May 85 p 16

[Text] The foreign pressure which propels the National
Party on the road to integration is aimed at the
destruction of the Afrikaner people, because these
people stand in the way of American imperialism.

This was stated by the HNP [Herstigte Nationale Party] leader, Mr Jaap
Marais, in a historic speech in the Pretoria City Hall chamber. Together
with the KP [Conservative Party] leader, Dr Andries Treurnicht, he
appeared at a protest meeting against the abolition of the law on
immorality and the law on mixed marriages.

Mr Marais compared the present situation to that during the discussion

between President Kruger and Alfred Milner in Bloemfontein, "You don't
want voting rights for the aliens," President Kruger said to Milner,
"you want my country." The same is valid again today.

The new imperialism wants to have South Africa's underground treasures.
Therefore the national existence of the Afrikaner, who regards his land
as his own, has to be ended by the creation of a spineless new mixed
nation.

Betrayal

"In this process the National Party has now definitively set forth on a
path that cannot but lead to a growing mixing of races in South Africa,"
Mr Marais said. "The National Party is no longer the National Party

of Malan, Strydom and Verwoerd. It only has the name but in essence

it is much closer to the PFP [Progressive Federal Party]. Its battle
cries of "reform" and "change" have only become the excuse for betrayal
of principles.

"The more the government continues to dismantle the traditional way of
life of South Africa, the more supporters it will lose. The more it

continues to promote the mixing of races, the more it will consolidate
Afrikaner opposition against itself and the more common ground it will
create in the struggle between these two parties." Mr Marais said that

53



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

UGANDA

BRIEFS

REFUGEE REPATRIATION AGREFMENT--An Agreement on the repatriation of refugees
from Sudan and Zaire to Uganada has been signed at the Ministry of Rehabili-
tation Headquarters in Kampala. The signing was between the Uganda
Government, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the Lutheran World
Federation. The program, worth 1,200,000 dollars will cater for eight

Jas heard] returnees from Sudan and Zaire to the districts of Moyo and Arua.
Part of the funds will be used to buy agricultural tools and inputs for
returnees and the rest will go to local authorities to rehabilitate schools

and aoppitels. [Excerpts] [Kampala Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT 26
pr

NO NON-UPC RELIGIOUS LEADERS--I wish to congratulate Hon Joe Ssenteza for ex-
posing Haji Musa Sssebirumbi recently in Masaka's mammoth rally while cele-
brating DP's 30th Anniversary. Hon Ssenteza quoted TAIFA EMPYA of 10/10/81
citing Haji Ssebirumbi's address at Jinja threatening that sheikhs who do
not support the UPC would not be allowed to lead Islam in Uganda. Similarly,
Haji Ssebirumbi was quoted as declaring that a clergyman who does not profess
UPC would not be permitted to lead any other religion in the country.
Ssenteza quoted Haji Ssebirumbi further that only UPC members shall be appoint-
ed in positions of responsibility in the public and private companies.
Ssebirumbi swore that he had taken up a broom to sweep away any non-UPC

from positions of authority. Having confessed such autocracy how could
Ssebirumbi conclude by claiming that Uganda is now run bn the basis on a
multiparty democracy, and that whatever is done is based on principles of
democracy?! Is it possible that Ssebirumbi talks beyond his intellectual
ability? [Text] [Letter to editor by Saida Namukasa] [Kampala MUNNANSI in
English 9 Apr 85 p 10]

107



JPRS-SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BROEDERBOND SAID TO UPSET FARMERS, AGRICULTURE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 May 85 p 5
[Text] Secret organizations upset agriculture.

The Broederbond is in the news again on the agricultural front.
According to reliable sources, this leftist secret group wants to regain
the respect it lost in Afrikaner ranks nationwide after the schism,

by trying in the very first place to restore its prestige in organized
agriculture.

The relationship between the South African Agricultural Union, most of
whose leaders are members of the Broederbond, and the Organization of
Maize Farmers, Nampo, whose officials don't belong to that group, had
been uneasy for years. But the new SALU [South African Agricultural
Union] president, Mr Kobus Jooste, has now offered the hand of friend-
ship to Nampo. The leaders saw eye to eye on the basis of common
loyalty to agricultural interests, it is said in agricultural circles.

This agricultural united front did not quite suit the leaders of the
Broederbond, mostly urbanites, for whom the emergency situation on our
farms is no living reality. This further eroded their influence.

It is said that they encouraged the clash between the minister of
agriculture, Mr Greyling Wentzel, and the maize farmers in the hope of
discrediting the Nampo leaders in the eyes of the farmers. If Mr Wentzel
could find strawmen willing to become members of the Maize Board instead
of the Nampo leaders and then make a nice concession to the new Maize
Board, this could possibly estrange the maize farmers from Nampo and

its leaders.

Farmers now say that of course the Broederbond leaders in Johannesburg
wrongly guessed the mood of the farmers. The whole thing backfired on
them. In the further development of Mr Wentzel's war against the
Maize Board the Broederbond and the relationship between its farmer
members and its leaders will now remain a factor.

The second step the Broederbond leaders took was the creation of an
operational base from which the renewed attack on organized agriculture

71



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

GUINEA

INDUSTRIAL FISHING COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH FRENCH FIRM
Conakry’ HOROYA in French 14 May 85 p 4
{Article by Ben Daouda Sylla]

[Text] Within the framework of our country's industrial development, an
agreement protocol-to establish a partly public, partly private industrial
fishing company dubbed PECHIKA (Kaloum Industrial Fishing) was signed
Saturday, April 27, 1985 between the Guinean government and Euratec-France Co.
Ltd.

Born of an initiative of the National Investment Commission of Guinea, which
is presided by the Ministry of Planning and Natural Resources, PECHIKA is a
mixed investment company subject to B section regulations of the Investment
Code.

At the signing ceremony, the Guinean party was represented by Captain Alpha
Oumar Barou Diallo, state secretary of Fishing, Doumbouya Karifa, legal
advisor to the presidency of the republic and the principal executives of the
departments concerned.

On the French side, besides Pierre Lechuiton, the representative of the French
Company Euratec, Jeanne Dieng (Mrs M'Baye), president-general manager of
Euratec-Guinea, Adama Conte (RTG) and Jean Pierre Robin, head of the trade
service of the French embassy in Conakry were present.

After discussion and signature of the final document, the two parties agreed
to:

--establish a modern fishing flotilla for the exploitation of waters under
Guinean jurisdiction and eventually international waters;

--put into place the necessary material means for the effective exploitation
of this flotilla;

-~exploit and market halieutic resources on the domestic market in order to
have cash receipts;

--train, perfect and recycle Guinean executives in the fishing industry;

23



JPRS-SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

APPOINTMENT OF WHITES TO RUN BLACK LOCAL AUTHORITIES CRITICIZED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Jun 85 p 3

{Article by Sefako Nyaka]

{Text]
LEGISLATION opening
the way for the govern-
ment to appoint white

functionaries torun’:

black local authorities
has been approved by
the Parliamentary stand-
ing Committee on Co-
operation and Devel-
opment.

But extra-parliamen-
tary organisations have
slated the move as ‘“‘ll-
timed” and “the height
of craziness.”

“We have always
known that the Govern-
ment entertained some
crazy ideas about black
administration, but this
surely must be the cra-
ziest of them all,” Dr
Nthatho Motlana, of the
Committee of Ten said.

He asked if the Gov-
ernment has in mind the
“disinclination” of the
residents of places like
the Vaal where vacan-

* cies have ‘remained un-
filled “despite the temp-
tation of office that goes
-with perks such as busi-
mess sites and liquor
dicences.”

In terms of the laws
on Co-operation and
Development Second

-mendment Bill as

amended by the Stand-

ing Committee, the

CSO: 3400/454°

Minister of Co-opera-
tion and Development
may dissolve a black
local authority if he be-
lieves such authority is
unable to exercise, per-
form or fulfil any right,
power, function or duty
assigned to it.

Until Parliament has
made other provisions,
any power, duty or func-
tion may be exercised by
any authority or func-
tionary, including a de-
velopment board or a
person in the service of
the State, as appointed
and proclaimed by the
State President.

“We reject it entirely
and feel the Minister has
to consult us before
making any appoint-
ment,” Mr Bennet Nd-
lazi, of the Urban Coun-
cil Association of South
Africa, said.

- Mrs Sheena Duncan,
president of the Black
Sash, said this kind of
legislation does not in
any way resolve the po-
litical conflict between
the black community
and ‘the central govern-

ment.

‘The government
should be entering into
negotiation about politi-
cal power at the central
government level. Only
after that could accept-
able local authorities be
designed,” she said.

The Azanian People’s
Organisation said the
move by the Govern-
ment proves that we
haye been tight all
along: the councils rep-
resent the wishes of the
Government and not the
wishes of the people.

“Direct intervention
by the central govern-
ment at this level, helps
even the blind amongst
us to see. Otherwise the
government will always
play around with its toys
while the country is bur-
ning.”

The United Demo-
cratic Front could not be
reached for comment
late yesterday after-
noon.

Several local authori-
ties — like Cradock and
Ratanda — have been
rendered ineffective

89

after all the councillors
resigned following pres-
sure from anti-apartheid
organisations, _
Elections in the Vaal
Triangle had to be called
off after it was discov-
ered that up to election
date nobody had regis-
tered to stand for elec-
tion. _
Itis feared that

‘should the Minister ap-

point blacks to fill those
vacancies, it might esca-
late violence. And if
whites are appointed
then it would mean the
Government was revert-
ing to the system of ad-
ministration boards.



MITTERRAND'S SUPPORT FOR UNITA REVEALED IN NEW SECRET SERVICE BOOK

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 May 85 p 21

[Article by James Tomlins]

[Text]

cso:

_PATIS — A new book on the
French secret service re-
veals for the first time Pres-
ident Francois Mitterrand’s
new policy on Angola.

The book, “La Piscine,” says
he decided at the end of last
year to back Unita after a
series of successes against
Luanda’s Marxist Govern-
ment.

The book adds that President

Mitterrand’s Socialist Gov--

ernment, which came to
power in 1981, had many hes-
itations over what to do
about Angola.

It goes on: “At the beginning
of his mandate President
Mitterrand ordered the cut-
ting off of all supplies to
Unita. 1

“The Moroccan and Sencgalese
secret services took over
from the French secret ser-
vice and most of Unita’s offi-
cers today were trained in
Morocco. .

“However since Unita’s evident
success recently in liberating
a large part of Angola, Paris
has become more realistic.

“It now believes there is a pos-
sibility of inflicting a humi-
liating defeat on Angola’s
Marxist Government, which
is aided by Cuba and the So-
viet Union.

“So France has once again re-
sumed its aid to Unita and

- French secret service agents
are active in Angola.”

3400/4621

SDECE, the letters identifying
the French secret service,
stand for Service de Docu-

- mentation Exterieur et de
Contre-Espionage.

The service was founded in
1946.

It kept its mame until 1982

when it was changed by’

President Mitterrand to

" Direction Generale de la Se-
curite Exterienr.

The first director general of

,_ this was Pierre Marion.

One of his first steps was to
close down SDECE's bureau
in South Africa, headed by
Colonel Hamon.

This was done because Colo-

ric] Hamon had been too co-
operative with the South
African intelligence services.
The book says Dr Jonas Sa-
vimbi, head of Unita, once

had an official adviser who -
was an SDECE agent, al- ,

though he claimed to be a
French journalist.

He was Dominique de Roux
who, the hook claims, provid-
ed reports to BOSS.

He died some years ago.

‘The book was written by jour-
nalists Roger Faligot and
Pascal Krop.

They called it “La Piscine” as

' this was the name given to
SDECE by the French Press
because its headquarters on
Boulevard Mortier faced a
swimming pool.

But agents themselves prefer
to call their service La Cre-
merie, meaning the dairy.

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ANGOLA



could be led under an appropriate pretext. They looked for what is
called by people in intelligence a "safe house," where besides the
comings and goings, telephone calls and correspondence could be hidden
from other agricultural authorities while at the same time an innocent
agricultural front had to be created.

This is seemingly the ultimate goal of the new Institute for Agricultural
Communication, which will operate a super liaison function for agriculture
from its office in the Total building in Johannesburg--in competition
with SALU's own competent liaison department.

The Institute's executive director is Mr "Jorrie" Jordaan, formerly
Pretoria's chief editor of LANDBOUWEEKBLAD [Agricultural Weekly], which
also played a role in the overt attempt to drive a wedge between SALU
and Nampo at the time of the last SALU congress in Pretoria.

The third and most recent action in agriculture which the Afrikaner
Broederbond leaders have launched seeks to obtain control over the meat
industry.

In this area the great power of the Agricultural Union always had been

Mr Fanie van Rensburg, who in a lifetime of service made the Meat Exchange
into the second most powerful cooperative enterprise--after the KWV
[Cooperative Winegrowers Association]~-in the country. As vice president
he is the leader of SALU's influential Cooperative Council. He is also
the president of the National Meat Committee and holds, extremely
competently, the thankless post of president of the Slaughterhouse
Corporation.

Because he can think and act independently, however, he does not fit into
the plans the Bond leaders have for organized agriculture. He now
evidently has to be broken, it is learned from reliable sources.

Mr van Rensburg and the Meat Exchange depend heavily on the cattle
raisers, therefore the leaders of the Broederbond are trying to use
especially the sheep raisers to attain their goal. And because for them
the end justifies the means, a staggering cooperation is originating with
the Freemason-ruled BKB--Farm Brokers Cooperative Limited--who are really
wool agents with pretentions to be a meat organization too, in competition
with the Meat Exchange.

The Freemasons, the other leftist secret organization, has a kingdom

of its own in agriculture. BKB and the KI Cooperative in Irene are part
of it. For them cooperation with the leaders of the Broederbond against
Mr van Rensburg's Meat Exchange is an unprecedented breakthrough.

This alliance is not quite as far-fetched as it seems. Those two secret

organizations have an almost identical structure, they have largely the
same code words and code expressions and many people secretly belong to both.

72



UNITY MOVEMENT RE-EMERGES

Cape Town MUSLIM NEWS in English 3 May 85 p 3

[Text]

The relaunching of the Unity
Movement comes at a time when
the country is going through a
period of unprecedented political,
economic and social upheaval.

Now called the New Unity

Movement, the organisation is also
attempting to regain its credibility
which it apparently had during the
1950’s when it organised ‘the
oppressed at all levels of society. The
movement's task has been made more
demanding as the state has intensified
its repression of peoples’
organisations. The NUM also has to
rally grassroots support which the
United Democratic Front and Azapo
have successfully gained.

At a preliminary meeting in
December 1983, proposals were put
forward for the ‘relaunching’ of the
NUM adhering to the set of minimum
demands developed from the, 1943
Ten-Point Programme.

Mr R O Dudley, president of the
NUM, stressed that the organisation is
not being ‘relaunched’ because it has
always existed. Members of the NUM
have continued to work at all levels of
society in their own capacities:

CSO: 3400/449

maintaining the traditions of the
organisation, he said.

At the recent launching in Cape
Town, where representatives of 40
organisations and individuals from
civic and labour bodies were present,
the NUM provisionally accepted the
minimum demands as set out in the
Ten-Point Programme. The
individuals and organisations present
pledged to co-ordinate all their
activities under the auspices of the
NUM.

The immediate demands of the
organisation are:
® To build a single, undivided,
independent non-racial and
democratic South Africa in which
the interests of workers and the
rural poor shall be paramount;

* To build the unity of workers and
rural poor under thé leadership of
the working class in the struggle for
national liberation and for freedom
from exploitation;

® The dismantling of the homeland
system and of apartheid in all its
forms: political, economic, social,
educational and cultural;

© To establish a single democratic
parliament. All persons over the

78

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

age of 18 shall have the right to
elect and be elected to that
parliament without regard to
colour, class, sex or religion;
* To end foreign domination —
political and economic — and to ©
wage a relentless battle against all
local agents who serve the cause of
foreign domination and exploita-
tion
The following are the office-bearers
of the NUM:
R O Dudley, president; Don Kali, vice-
president; D Parker and G Ndhlovu,
joint-secretaries; Justus Poswa and
Kader Hassim, joint treasurers.


Agreement Signed With Britain To Help Equip Veterinary Faculty
(THE HERALD, 4 Jun [>

Briefs

Independents Choose Capon

134,

135



1985 while he was under arrest and close watch), and to present a draft copy
of a “black book" on violations of human rights in Togo, currently under
press.

On 18 May 1985, a meeting organized by the MTD and devoted to violations of
human rights in Togo was disrupted by a false bomb threat.

CSO: 3400/439

106



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANTI-ARMY STATEMENTS BY MCINTOSH DIVIDE PFP
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 May 85 p 12

[Text] The malicious imputations that Progressive Federal Party (PFP) member
Graham McIntosh made in the House of Assembly against the South African Army
have attracted attention because they represent far more than the chance indis-
cretion of an individual known for his political excesses.

Mr McIntosh is evidently under such pressure from some members of his party
that he retracted certain of the offensive words and expressions yesterday.
It must be pointed out, however, that other strong statements of his--such as
that members of the army are guilty of deeds of sabotage, terrorism and insur-
gency--as well as the general spirit of his attack, have remained unaltered.

The great question is what his unsavory outburst--right in the faces of his
party associates who were ready for a bit of cheerful Propaganda after the An-
gola incident--has triggered off. Here then it is clearly a question of con-
flicting viewpoints and deep dissension over defense issues within the PFP
which could not remain hidden.

The stern reality is that there are people in the country and within the PFP
who bear the same kind of hostile sentiment against the army that Mr McIntosh
so passionately expressed. What he said aloud is what people in these circles
are thinking and saying to one another about the nation's security forces, to
such an extent that even other progressive party members are seriously con-
cerned about what is going on.

Mr Harry Schwarz, the progressive who was never ashamed of his patriotism, men-
tioned, significantly, that he is not the only one who took offense at the re-
marks. Still more, he pointed out that the time has come for a clear Line to
be drawn in the country to determine who is on whose side. About his own choi-
ces he left no doubt.

Where does that line run in the progressive party? There has been nothing ex-
plicit on this issue for a long time now. With every security crisis the
patched seams of the party are torn wider asunder, and it finds itself in a
dilemma.

This is not only politically ridiculous and degrading for a party that is the
so-called official opposition. But where does the nation stand in the diffi-
cult times it is undergoing, with such an opposition?

8117
CSO: 3401/219 76


JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

'UsS. POLICY DANGER TO AFRIKANERS '--Pretoria--Prof Carel Boshoff, leader of
the Afrikaans cultural organisation, the Afrikaner Volkswag, said yesterday
United States policies towards South Africa were endangering the future of
the Afrikaner people. He was delivering the opening speech on the first an-
niversary of the Volkswag at a two-day conference in Pretoria on the subject
“Afrikaner Culture and American Liberalism". The first day of the congress
was attended by about 700 people, including the leaders of the Conservative
Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, and the Herstigte Nasionale Party, Mr Jaap
Marais. Prof Boshoff said that although the US Government helped SA, "They
also use all the levers they get to rob the Afrikaner and white people of
their political rights." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 May 85
p 4)

ANC TO OPEN GHANA MISSION--The African National Congress is to open a diplo-
matic mission in Ghana, Accra Radio said yesterday. The radio, monitored by
Abidjan, quoted a statement by Ghana Foreign Minister Obed Asamoah as reaffirm-
ing Ghana's backing for the ANC and pledging it aid. The statement, signed
after a week-long visit to Ghana by ANC president Oliver Tambo, also noted
growing opposition to President Reagan's policy of "constructive engagement"
with South Africa, The statement called for "total imposition of economic
sanctions" against South Africa, It also quoted Mr Asamoah as saying Ghana
was determined to play a leading role in the liberation struggle in Africa
and would support groups fighting to eliminate apartheid. Mr Asamoah said at
a dinner in honour of Mr Tambo that Ghana had met in full its financial obli-
gations to the OAU liberation fund and to its general budget for 1984/85 and
1985/86, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Jun 85 p 13]

CISKEI MARKETING MEAT~-Grahamstown--The Ciskei had been allowed to import
meat, process it and market it in South Africa, despite a "meat mountain" now
standing at 220 000 carcasses in the Republic, it was said at Tylden last
week, But Dr Manie Schoeman, a producer member of the meat control board,
said: "We have taken up the issue and have Ciskei's assurance that this
will be stopped." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jun 85

p 3]

CSO; 3400/452

102



formation and in devel-
oping understanding of
the free enterprise sys-
tem,” Prof Nasser said.

* “The~ think-tanks con-
cluded that maximum
devolution of power
with a limiting central
Government power was
the possible direction to
follow and this would be

, done by “low-key nego-

cso:

tiation” with the Gov-
ernment.

Education

On education the
think-tanks said a single
ministry of education —
as against the present 18
educational authorities

— was fundamental to,

positive change in the’
country. .

The linking of black
schools with the private
sector to bridge the gap
between the classroom
and the socio-economic
needs of the community
and more career and vo-
cational training at
school were also given
high priority.

The school curriculum
should also be more

3400/454

flexible so that it may be
changed according to.
manpower needs analy-
sis carried out on a re-
gional basis. .

The consensus on the
need of the scrapping of
Influx Control was built
up from the research
findings of other bodies
like the Buthelezi Com-
mission and other orga-
nisations.

“The think-tanks rec-
ognised South Africa’s
long history of the de-
mand for racial separa-
tion, but still recom-
mended that the Group
Areas be repealed,”
Prof Nasser said. ,

Culture

The think-tanks also
identified the need for
the private sector to es-
tablish effective systems
of participation at all
levels of business and
the creation of a perfor-
mance-based culture
and the climate of team
effort in companies.

“It is significant that
cultural norms have
been totally rejectéd as

87

‘an item in need of atten-
tion. The argument is
that the ability to partic-
ipate and receive sound
education will negate,
cultural issues,” the pro-
fessor said.

The think-tank —
sponsored by a leading
commercial bank and

the Human Sciences Re-
search Council — is now
embarking on the last
step: to establish how
the changes are to be ef-
fected.

Prof Nasser says he.
views the last step as the
most difficult one facing’
the project.



We must not let ourselves be intimidated or threatened said Mr Marais
finally. We must not let ourselves be alienated from our own roots or
from our calling as a white people in this country. We can draw
inspiration from what the Dutchman Colenbrander wrote a month after
the peace of 1902 in a book on the descent of the Afrikaner: "A tree
with roots like these will not easily be pulled out of the ground. The
struggle for the Boers' existence as a nation, which did not begin
yesterday, will not end tomorrow."

12855
cso: 3401/209

55



It all comes down to this: that the pressure group for disinvestment has not
convinced very many people that its actions will improve the situation in South
Africa--and more specifically the situation of the Blacks.

Recipe for Disaster

A question that is often asked is whether it will really harm the white govern-
ment, and whether it will not rather frustrate reform efforts. With the econo-
my already in a recession, it is feared that the voters may swing to the right,
with perhaps a defection toward the far-right parties--which is seen by every-
one as fatal to the future of the nation.

A Swiss newspaper mentioned the very same danger. It said that the black eco-
nomic situation in the country is the fundamental cause of the unrest and that
"further economic hardship is the surest recipe for disaster." According to
the article, the only immediate remedy is an economic upswing through trade and
investment.

The possibility that disinvestment may lead to disaster or to total chaos in
South Africa’ ought to give the Americans something to think about. They must
wonder: Suppose this happens, what will the consequences be for the people we
ostensibly want to help, but especially what will it all mean for America it-
self?

Deeper and Deeper

The horrible recollections of American involvement in Vietnam are just now be-
ginning to subside, and they make Americans wary of getting involved again in
the affairs of others. It is not only that they are concerned about the mess
that was made in Vietnam, but they think of what it did to America itself, of
the great and bitter division that it caused.

Those who want to teach South Africa a moral lesson and others who want to dis-
sociate themselves from South Africa by means of disinvestment may perhaps suc-
ceed so well in their ambitions that the entire subcontinent will be plunged
into a catastrophe. Then the US will not be able to wash its hands in inno-
cence. It.will be expected to get more and more deeply involved in the mess.
And even though it turned its back and walked away, other forces would be
called in.

There is an additional factor that makes the South African situation a quite
different one from that in Vietnam or Central America or the Middle East, and
that is the mortal question of color.. In the US, that issue lies in wait to
stir up smoldering bitterness and to reopen old wounds.

Fragile

What is the U.S. attitude going to be if through its own instrumentality a
monumental racial clash occurs in South Africa? Not that what goes on in such
a little country thousands of kilometers away will presently bother the Ameri-
cans. But they cannot get away from the fact that certain groups are superim-
posing the struggle here on its own domestic policy.

51



ee oovoworrsreasa=—nX EReeeeeeESXXKKO——

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

BURUNDI

BRIEFS

SOVIET EXHIBITION--The Embassy of the USSR informs the public that to
commemorate the 40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in the
Great National War of 1941-1945 there will be an exhibition of photographs from
6-12 May at the Russian language school (15 Independence Place). The exhibition
is open every day from 0900 to 1200 hours and from 1500 to 1900 hours.
Admission is free. You are cordially invited! [Text] [Bujumbura LE RENOUVEAU in
French 5-6 May 85 p 6] 9516

cso + 3419/417

13



addition to the crops traditionally grown by the Burkinabes (who
live in Burkina). Even in Niamey, as well as in its suburbs, peo-
ple have spontaneously planted kitchen gardens. Tomatoes and sa-
lad greens all thrive on water drawn all night long from the 50
wells sunk in 1984.

President Kountche wants the whole country to get involved. Six hundred

tons of seed -- a gift from France -~ were distributed tc all seven of
Niger's regions. Every "gardener" gets a day's ration of millet
for his work. A new kind of agriculture is being born, one that
flies in the face of habit and tradition. An agriculture ordered
from on high ~- the government's great undertaking -- and embraced
and spread by Nigerien apprentice-gardeners.

No question about it: this miracle is fragile. Nobody knows just
how many hectares have been cultivated. Nobody knows to what extent
these "out-of-season crops" will attract nomads ruined by the drought.
At most, an estimated’ 200,000 to 300,000 nomads and peasants are

no longer loitering, disoriented, waiting with hands in their poc-
ket&S for international food aid, but are scratching out gardens to
keep themselves alive on their own.

And high time it was, too. The desert is advancing. Worse yet,
one of the world's great rivers, the mighty Niger, is quietly dy-
ing before Niamey's eyes. This king of rivers, once so powerful,
is in its death-throes under the impact of an extraordinarily mea-
ger flow. It is a malign drought, that reaches the waters that
are life to some 300,000 people, and one that bids fair to worsen.
"We know the flow will be the lowest on record since 1922, when
regular measurements were first taken," says Bagnan Beydou, direc-
tor of water resources. And that is not nearly all the story.
Given the absence of rain in May (the start of the rainy season),
forecasts by Nigerien and French experts agree that the Niger's

"Go Find Water!"

The Niger running dry? The Niger reflecting the image of a desic-
cated Africa of flagging hopes, made helpless by a whim of fate?
Who knows? Even now, the starveling herds and flocks pay no atten-
tion to the dying river as they walk across its waste and waterless
bed. The grass has reclaimed one of its branches before Niamey,
while the other is made up of broad, deep, motionless ponds..

The Niger has become a pool-river, flowing at a mere 7 cubic me-
ters per minute. The wells, 5 kilometers from the capital, offer
only muddy dregs these days, while a few heavy but very brief rains
-~ called "mango rains"-~ are not enough to counsel optimism.

Water. That single word sums up most of Niger's woes. And also, in
addition to Niger, those of Ethiopia and Sudan, reaching to the
Horn of Africa, to Niger's neighbor, Chad, to Mali and to Maurita-
nia in the West, and to Southern Africa. Water, because it is not
there, because it has gone into hiding, and because the people must
"invent" it, come what may, if they are to survive.

42



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

RICE FOR DROUGHT VICTIMS--Sokoto State Government has released 3,000 bags
of rice for sale at subsidised prices to drought victims in area designated
as "disaster areas", the Commissioner for Agriculture, Mr. Isa Argungu, said
on Monday in Sokoto. The commissioner said each 50kg bag would be sold at
20 Naira. The areas, designated as disaster areas by a committee set up by
the state government to assess the damage done to crops as a result of the
drought are Isa, Silame, Wurno and Gwadabawa local government areas, [Text]
[Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 6 Jun 85 p 16)

TRADE AGREEMENT WITH ITALY--On Monday Nigeria signed a trade agreement with
Italy involving the sum of $400 million, Italian industrial sources
indicated in the Nigerian capital on Thursday. The agreement involves the
purchase by the Italians of 40,000 barrels per day of Nigeria's crude oil,
and provides for the supply by Italian companies of a number of products
including Fiat spare parts valued at about $100 million. The agreement,
which was signed on Monday by Fiat and the National Hydrocarbons Agency,
also provides for the supply of chemical products worth more than $100

aon eet? the sources added. [Excerpt] [Paris AFP in French 1517 GMT 13
Jun

CSO: 3400/469

46



. According to him the’ An-
golans could not have drawn
much out of their prisoner
simply because he was too
weak in the days before the.

Press conference.
He claims the Angolans

had merely constructed thelr

own version of what the

South Africans had been do-

ing in Cabinda.

Force

He believes they then used
poystolegical force like with-
ding badly needed medi-

cal attention and threatening
him with execution to weak-
en him and obtain his co-

operation.

Once this had been
achieved, Professor de la
Rey said, it would have been
easy to make him rehearse
the prepared statement he
was to read at the media pre-
sentation in Luanda.

According to Professor de
Ja Rey the statement was an
indication that Mr Du Toit
was not speaking from his
own knowledge or experi-

ence.
“There are four points that
convince me of this. In a

*spoiitanéots situation one
| would expect oe contact,
roids

but Wynand avoids this and
looks ‘at his written state-
ment most of the time — an
indication that he is saying
things he does not want to

say.
Truth

conn statement probably
fains some aspects

truth, and this is evident
from the fact that at times
Wynand was speaking from

«memory, but when he got to

the fabricated parts, he had
to rely on the written state-

ment.

“As he would have been
drilled to remember even the
fabricated parts beforehand,
this also shows loss of mem-
ory and inability to concen-
trate — both common factors
in a stress situation.

“He also had difficulty in
associating the parts based
on fact with those fabricated
by his captors, and stumbled
over his words, referring fre-
quently to his written state-
ment, when he had to weave
fact and fiction together dur-,
ing his speech,” he said.

cso: 3400/460

75



PROMINENT TOBACCO FARMER GIVES VIEWS ON MUGABE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 85 p 10

[Text]

DURBAN. — The Prinie
Minister of Zimbabwe,
Mr Robert Mugabe.
would be interested in
having a meeting with the
State President of South
Africa, Mr P W Botha,
according to Mr John
Stockwell, a leading Zim-
babwean businessman
and a prominent tobacco
‘farmer.

Mr Stockwell (59), who
played @ major part in
breaking tobacco  sanc-
‘tions during the 12-year-
old bush war period in
Zimbabwe, said in Dur-
ban this week that he had
sounded out Mr Mugabe
about a meeting when
they discussed tobacco
problems in Harare about
a month ago. °

“He said he was inter-
ested although he did not
commit himself. He was
adamant that if he did
have a meeting with Mr
Botha it should not be ac-
cepted that he was sup-
porting apartheid or the
South African Govern-
ment’s policies.

“Mr Mugabe was very *

clear on this point. I told
him that I thought it was
essential for peace and

CSO: 3400/451

stability in Southern Afri-
ca that the two major
leaders in the area should
meet.”

Mr Stockwell said Mr
Mugabe had also empha-
sised that if the meeting

did take place it shouldbe

held in @ neutral country.
Mr Mugabe did not elab-
orate on where he
thought this should be.

Mr Stockwell, who is
on business in South Afri-
ca, said that certain sec-
tions of the South African
Press repeatedly made Mr
Mugabe out to be an
“ogre” (man-eating
giant). He said, in fact.
Mr Mugabe had been
very approachable over
agricultural and business
problems in Zimbabwe
and had given the farming
community tremendous
support.

Asked about repeated
claims that Mr Mugabe
will form a one-party
state once the terms of
the Lancaster House
Agreement with the Brit-
ish Government expire,
Mr Stockwell said: “Well,
in many ways I think this,
would be quite a good
thing.”

Mr Stockwell was bit-
terly criticised by many
“ Whites in Zimbabwe last
year when he publicly
Suggested at a farmers
: Meeting at Marandellas
that they should stop op-
posing Mr Mugabe and
should support him. -

Referring to this
speech, Mr Stockwell
said: “It is true I was bit-
terly criticised. Many of
my close friénds even
called me a bloody
traitor.

“The point I have been

trying to make for some.

time is that the country as
a whole can only benefit,
and I include all race
groups, so long as Mr Mu-
gabe is given support.”
Asked about the atroci-
ties in Matabeleland over
the years involving the
Korean-trained Fifth
Brigade, Mr Stockwell
said that there was no
doubt that there had been
the innocent shooting of
Blacks. But, he claimed,
he was certain that Mr
Mugabe had put a stop to
it once he had known

‘what was going on.

Commenting on the
coming Zimbabwean

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

elections, Mr Stockwell

said he expected the rul-
ing Zanu-PF party to
sweep the boards.

He predicted that Mr
Mugabe would even win
seats from the main oppo-
sition party, Zapu-PF, led
by Mr Joshua Nkomo. Mr

“ Stockwell said that Mr

Mugabe would win seats
in areas of Matabeleland,
where Mr Nkomo has tra-
ditional support,

It was also possible that
Mr Mugabe would take,
three seats held at present
by the United African
National Council
(UANC) led by Bishop
Abel Muzorewa.

Mr Stockwell said that
Mr Mugabe had a good
record of achievement in
bettering the lot of rural
Blacks.

He pointed out that
Black peasant farmers
were currently putting
millions of rand in their
pockets after —_ being
helped by government ‘
loans and agricultural ad-
visors to reap an 800 000
ton maize crop. This is
more than 10 times the
amount that they grew
under White rule, he said.


ZIMBABWE'S NEW RULE ON EXPORTS ANGER BUSINESSMEN

Bulawayo BUSINESS CHRONICLE in English 6 Jun 85 pp 1, 3

(Article by Jonathan Maphenduka]

[Text]

STORM clonds are gathe
ing across trade chan
between Zimbabwe and
Botswana following — the
rent introduction — by
mbabwe of the rules of
* that Bots
exports must contain
25 pereent local input
content,

‘The major concen of the
country's business community
is that the new rules of
avigin have been introduced
to trusteate exports — mainly
fext and clothing — to
Zimtahwe,

One aspect of the rules of
origin which Botswana ex:
potters want removed is the
‘one that stipulates that water
should not be included as
part of local content of their
goods, and they also claim
that in. some cases salaries of
production managers liave
also becn disallowed,

They claim that some
export items which, according !
to local content criteria :
agreed upon by the two ,
governments should qualisy :
for export, have been dis- |
allowed by the Department of |
Customs and Excise.

They suspect that Zim. |
habwe's customs authorities
are deliberately “engaged in
delaying tactics” to frustrate
Botswana: exports, :

Long delays by Zimbab-
wean authorities in dealing
with Botswana export cost-
ings had resulted in a

number of orders being can-
celled, they said.

Altbough they grudgingly
accept the $5,2 million export
quota per year given by
Zimbabwe, Botswana —_ex-
porters fear that it will not be
possible to meet it as long
as Zimbabwe sticks to the

fdelays” in processing cost- ‘

fing documents,

‘They cannot understand
why Zimbabwe has found it
necessaty to introduce the
rules of origin against Bot-
swana when, hey claim,
Zimbabwe had a trade surplus
of $50 million in 1984.

‘The actual trade surplus in

favour of Zimbabwe was ,

around $15 million for that

ear, according to Zimba-
bregn statistics, although the
fotal volume of trade between
the two countries was $35
willion  anainst and $50
million in favour of Zimba-
bwe.

There is, however, a great
deal of invisible or unofficial
trade which Botswana gets
from Zimbabwe’ through
hundreds of black “holiday.
makers” who visit Botswana
every day to buy a variety
of consumer goods,

The number is such that
‘the volume of goods they buy

ch year must run into ters

«millions of dollars,

There is 80 much Zim:
babwean = money — entering
Botswana, cither — through
dubious “holiday allowances”
or illcgat means that there is
no accounting for the total,
even by the most intelligent !
guesswork.

JPRS~SSA-85~061
15 July 1985

BOTSWANA

Ministry of Trade and
Comunerce officials in. Zim-
babwe refer to what goes as

nm

the “Rotswana col
and admit they ar
in controlling it, Jet alo
stopping it altogether.

At Shashe near Francis.
town on Saturday last veek
a group of about 59 women
-~ most of them memberg of
the Vapostori religious sect
-~ were each holding a
bundle of Zimbabwean cur.
rency which they tried to
exchange for Botswana
currency.

This “is apparently _ the
scene every time a Zim-
habwe-hound train stops at
Shashe, according to sources.

Members of the sect have
baffled the authorities as to
how they manage to hoard
So souch Zimbabwean money,
but at Francistown it was
reported that during a recent
police round-up ‘of — sect
members, a good many of
them were found to have up
to four passports of the same
number of nationalities.

It was reported that they

: use one passport to enter

Zimbahwe with goods to sell
and return with another
passport,

Until Zimbabwe introduced
the “rules of origin” for
imports from Botswana, trade
between the two SADCC
states was carried out under
the Open General Import
Licence (OGIL) which had
been in force since about the

| mid-fifties,
“Official sources in Zimba-
! bwe say this led to_the dump



SADCC PICKS COUNTRY FOR FORESTRY SCHOOL

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jun 85 pg

[Text]

cso;

SADCC officials have chosen Zimbabwe ns the site for a forestry

training centre and construction is ex

3400/466

months.

This was decided at the
third SADCC meeting of
the technical stb-commit-
‘tee on forestry being held
in Harare. The director
of the Forestry Commis-
sion in Zimbabwe, Mr
Peter Banks, told’ The
Herald yesterday that
the centre would train
people from all SADCC
countries,

‘The project is ‘being
financed mainly by Italy
with some local’ funds.
“The centre will deal with
the technical side of
of forestry and will train
people in subjects such ag
harvesting, sawmilling,
Kilning and saw doctor-
ing,” said Mr Banks.

‘Yesterday was the first

“day of the fiieeting nt.

tended by heads of
forestry,

“So far we have cover-
ed @ great deal on. policy,
strategy, ae well as dis-
‘cussing! the problems that
are being faced by the
various countries in fores-

," gttd Mr Banks,

i¢ main problem that
eppears to be common to
all the SADCC countries
1s a shortage of firewood
for domestic purposes.
The meeting hopes to
solve thiz problem’ by ob-
taining funds from donors
to improve plantations.

Another project that
will benefit all member
countries is the develop-
ment of a seed cenitre,
“There ig @ shortage of
seeds for tree species
suttable for the dry rural
and semi-arid regions,”

132

pected to start in the next 12

‘said Mr Banks, “This tg
the main limiting factor
in getting many projects
gotng.”

Before becoming aw
member of SADCC Zi-
mbabwe, in_ conjunction,
with the International
Development. Research
Co-operation, conceived
the idea a: onening up
seed centre, Three mis-
sions were sent to Atus-
tralia and the seeds col-
fected are in storage and
wil be distributed to other
SADCC countries, Mr
Bankg said.

A. positive aspect the
meeting revesled wan that
some countries such as
Zimbabwe and Tauzania
have a surplus of timber
which could be used tor
the benefit of the region.

Angola and Mozambi-
que have a surplus of
indigenoug hardwood
which other SADCC coun-
tries are importing from
Europe. “We need to co-
ordinate the surplus with.
in the region to overcome
economic deficiencies and
to reduce the percentage
of imports,” said Mr
Banks,

Members felt the mect-
ing has been benefietal to
solving thelr countries
problems, “Discussing
matters relating to how
one’s country can contri-
‘bute to the other SADCC
countries has proved suc-
cessful,” sata Cde Abdul
Adama, the director of the

ational Forestry ‘in
Mozambique,

JPRS~SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE


JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF U.S. DISINVESTMENT ANALYZED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 May 85 p 16

[Editorial by Dawie: "After Speedy Start Comes the Question: What Direction
Are They Taking with South Africa?"]

[Text] After the frantic speed with which the disinvestment campaign against
South Africa started up, it appears now as if a period of renewed introspection
has begun abroad.

There are still many who continue to carry on hysterically, while other people
are saying: Wait a minute, what direction are we taking? What do we want to
obtain from disinvestment; and if we succeed, what should the next step be? If
a foul-up occurs, who is going to straighten things out-~and how?

Uncertain

These questions are now being heard in the United States, where propaganda in
favor of disinvestment had caught on like wildfire, and it is spreading in the
British and European media. It is like feet that are starting to apply the
brakes everywhere.

Over and above the success that those who favor disinvestment have had in cer-
tain American cities and states and on a number of campuses, the attention is
particularly focused on Congress. That body is determined to do "something,"
but it looks as if it is less and less sure that this is to be and whether
it can be of any value.

Just Like War

The campaign against South Africa took on this new dimension when the advocates
of disinvestment were placed under pressure, and it became clear that they did
not know exactly what they hoped to attain. The fear even existed that the
consequences were altogether unpredictable.

In England THE ECONOMIST found it hardly justifiable that a wealthy nation
would deliberately try to lower the living standards of another, relatively
poor, country. It is almost like declaring war, but in that case the aggressor
would have to have good reasons for so doing, along with a plan that would lead
to a speedy victory, says the periodical.

50



Black Students Increase, Whites Show Decrease
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Jun 85)..

Natal Unemployment Figures Rising
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 85)..scccesvecccecceccceccsucsceces

Broederbond Said To Upset Farmers, Agriculture
(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 May 85)..ccecceceseccececcevevcscscces

Soldier Captured in Cabinda Said Forced To Make Statements
(Stephan Terblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Jun 85)......seeees

Anti-Army Statements by McIntosh Divide PFP
(DIE BURGER, 30 May 85)...csececcsacsccceesccieecsencece

PFP Credibility Problems Increase After Its Defense Talks
(DIE BURGER, 30 May 85)...ccscccescesceccseecceccevccens

Unity Movement Re~Emerges
(MUSLIM NEWS, 3 May 85)...ccscscesccvccccccecccceecsees

Editorials Discuss Political Progress, Fundamental Freedoms
(Editorial, DIE VADERLAND, 21, 22 May 85).....

Sharing Power
Freedom of Movement

Predictions for Nation's Leadership Next 20 Years
(2b Molefe, Moira Levy; CITY PRESS, 19 May 85)..........

Prospects for Botha, Buthelezi Understanding Encouraging
(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 20 May 85) .ccceceescecccccece

Top Executives Say Influx Laws Hinder Nation's Economy
(Sefako Nyaka; SOWETAN, 11 Jun 85)......cecccccccccvecee

Transkei Finances on Verge of Collapse
(SOWETAN, 11. Jun 85)...c.cccccecvccvcccevcececcecetences

-Appointment of Whites To Run Black Local Authorities Criticized
(Sefako Nyaka; SOWETAN, 11 Jun 85)...ccecccccccccccccnes

Police Not To Use Softer Approach in Riot Control
(SOWETAN, 11 Jun 85)..cccccccecccccscccccvcccecevccecees

Council of Churches Criticize Governemnt During Meeting
(SOWETAN, 5 Jun 85)..cccecccsccccecncecccccctcececccvece

Volkswag Founder Denies Antisemitism
(Arlene Getz; THE SUNDAY STAR, 2 Jun 85).....eecesescees

-d-

69

70

71

74

76

77

78

79

79

80

82

84

86

88

89

90

91

93



Breaking Point

Which just goes to show again what a mistake it was when people believed
that the blacks could be kept satisfied by being given a little of this
and a little of that. The more knowledge and education the youngsters
received--they quickly came to think of themselves as the intellectual
superiors of their parents--the more impatient they became and the greater
their demands.

The economic demands, not to speak of politics, could not be met. The
economic recession has allowed the frustrations to reach the breaking point.

It would not be-a complete picture simply to put all the blame on "the
system." Other factors have also played a large role, such as the decline
in the discipline of black parents in the cities, the spirit with which
many black teachers have been indoctrinating their pupils for years and
political activists who moved in after that.

Truth

As far as education is concerned, there is hope, because the first voices
have begun to be raised asking what is going on in the classrooms. After
all, what attitude is being nurtured among students when they burn down
their own schools and don't even shrink from the murder of their own people?

Have there ever been serious attempts to encourage young people to better
their own positions, or are’ they impressed with a dull fatalism that has
now led to great destruction and loss of life? Ugly forces are let loose
that are directed above all at blacks in authority, and the question today
is how control can be regained.

There's a lot of truth to be found in the story of the black mother who
complained that two of her children, enrolled in school, sat at home while
she had to earn a living. Oh, came the answer, but did she expect them,
as high school graduates, to become domestic servants?

Peace

That's the dilemma. With a high school diploma you shouldn't have to become
a domestic servant. But not even ina crisis? Should educated people

have refused to do humble work in previous depressions, even with pick

and shovel?

There is ‘hard work in store. to put attitudes right again and-motivate: young
people so that they are prepared to get to work in their own interests.
Naturally there must be help from the government--it's already been promised--
but that's not-all that's: necessary.

Today reasonable black people: see ever more clearly the truth that a revolution
has a tendency to consume its’ own people. With the deep and bitter divisions
in black ranks, that is a possibility that holds horrible prospects for

South Africa, not least for the black population itself.

67



In other words, in the future we must define and carry out a specific program
of action that integrally and functionally coordinates SOGUITAB's production
programs and the activities of ENTA, which must work together.

But where does SOGUITAB come from?

SOGUITAB is the creation of persevering young Guineans: Ben Traore and Joseph
Mansare, who are affiliated with the American Austin Tobacco Company.

Four years ago the group took the road to Conakry, despite all the difficulties
presented by a certain procrastination in handling the "case."

But in spite of all obstacles, SOGUITAB has gotten off the ground.

The purpose of the new company is to produce, in Guinea, tobacco of various
varieties, with its top priority being the provisioning of ENTA. Three
varieties of tobacco will initially be cultivated by SOGUITAB: 50 tons of
yellow leaf in 1985, 80 tons in 1986 and 120 tons in 1987. The company plans to
produce 80 tons of black leaf in 1986 and 100 tons in 1987.

Finally, some brown leaf tobacco will be grown, on an experimental basis: 10
tons in 1986 and 30 tons in 1987.

The fields will be in the prefectures of Pita, Kissidougou and Beyla, according
to Mr Richard Austin, president and general manager of the company. Austin
Tobacco Company is affiliated with Cardwell Machinery of Richmond, Virginia,
which is engaged in the primary manufacture of machines and mills in England
and makes cigarette machinery with Phillip Morris, the "father" of Marlboro.

"We hope to find the best way to make ENTA the most competitive factory in West
Africa, for with joint effort and fraternal cooperation, everything is
possible," said Richard Austin in his response to the remarks made by the state
secretary for energy.

It should be pointed out that the board of directors for SOGUITAB is comprised
of six directors divided between the two parties:

For Party A, that is the Guinean Government, the directors are:
--Dr Diawa Mory Traore;
--Pepe Guilavogui;
--Ansoumane Angelo Camara.

For Party B, that is the Austin side:
~-Mr Richard Austin;
--Mr Herb Friend;
~--Mr Ben Kemoko Traore.

We hope SOGUITAB will be able to meet the objectives of the partners involved,
who will thereby have given concrete expression to the spirit of international
solidarity, without regard to any ideological differences.

9516
CSO : 3419/415
22



South Africa. The destructive actions inside the black communities cause
a lot of discomfort and within families such actions are definitely
disapproved of.

After all, no one is [illegible] now to buy a can of condensed milk
kilometers. far away-which once could be obtained around the corner.

Discomfort

Such discomfort concerns not only purchases, but also students, passengers,
etc.

We wholeheartedly agree with this black perception.

12855
cso: 3401/208

65



have to extricate itself cleanly from the 1977 draft constitution which
forms the basis of the new division and which was the brainchild of
Dr Connie Mulder.

- It is also doubtful whether the HNP, which has just broken away from
the NP because of, among other things, the inclusion of Maoris in the
all-black tour team, will like the fact that the KP's sports spokesperson,
Mr Daan van der Merwe, welcomed the decision of the New Zealand Rugby
Council to send a tour team~-in which there certainly will be Maoris--to
South Africa this year.

The KP members who favor a coalition will also have to steel themselves
to the fact that they will get a good dose of the characteristically
distasteful style--something else they still hold against the HNP--if
a coalition goes through. During the campaign in Harrismith, KP
supporters complained about the conduct of HNP men, such as at an NP
meeting in Lindley where a stink-bomb was thrown at the president, the
crude language used at meetings and people who leave NP meetings while
"Die Stem" is being sung. Moreover, Mr Piet Bester, a former president
of the HNP youth branch at the UV campus, also distinguished himself
last week by the negative interjections with which he peppered the speech
of the Rev Allan Hendrickse at an Ordes meeting.

On the other hand, the HNP in its turn will have to embrace the KP
supporters such as the AWB [Afrikaner Resistance Movement] and the
Kappie Commando. The AWB favors an Afrikaner dictatorship, while

Mr Jaap Marais et al are great advocates of a democratic system. The
Kappie Commando says that the three large African churches are the
"great whore" the bible mentions.

The matter of leadership will probably be a great stumbling block in
the way of a coalition. .It is a.foregone conclusion that neither

Mr Marais nor Dr Treurnicht will find general approval as leader.
Neither of the politicians who fought each other so vehemently as those
two in three elections in Waterberg would be ready to serve in a party
under the leadership of the other.

Moreover the HNP always resents Dr Treurnicht for leaving them in the
lurch at the last moment in 1969. He was also Transvaal's NP leader
for a long time. As recently as 3 Nov 81 he hit out at the HNP saying,
among other things, that someone is not a rightist just because he sows
poison against the NP.and its leaders, "because then you are just like
a slanderer" and also "that you are not a rightist just because you say
the government does everything for blacks only, because then you are a
liar."

The HNP will probably sooner accept Dr Hartzenberg as leader, but they
will also certainly remember that he is the man who said before an

open discussion with the HNP to his boss: "Leave them to me. I know how
to work with Kaffirs."

58



CONGO

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

MANUFACTURE OF 'TROPICALIZED* MICROCOMPUTERS
Cotonou EHUZU in French 20 Mar 85 p 4

[Text] Microcomputers do not seem to feel at home in Africa. Like compasses,
they point--by their breakdowns and inadequacies--toward the North, the rich
Western countries which developed them primarily for themselves. In the
tropical humidity they can rarely perform at their best, unless they are
acclimatized and adapted to local conditions. The big international companies
are quite unable to do this: given. the thousands of microcomputers they produce
every day, how can they justify the investments necessary to “tropicalize" the
hundred or so machines per year needed by the African states?

Thus the field was open for Symag, a small company employing 30 people
established in the French "Silicon Valley" near Grenoble. Its most recent coup,
following two successful operations in Madagascar and Morocco: the signing, in
late February 1985, of a contract with the Congo for training and technology
transfer. The purpose is to create, within the country, a professional
microcomputer industry.

The Brazzaville production plant should be able this year to make 115
professional-quality, top of the line microcomputers, producing a turnover of
Fr GFA 710 million. This is a far, far cry from the commercial strategy of the
giants in the sector, who are content to provide standard equipment with the
help of more or less specialized retailers who are unable to provide locally
the requisite maintenance: which means that repairs--needed frequently in the
tropics--have to be done in France, Germany or the United States...

'Third-World' Commercial Strategy

Symag, which follows a deliberately "third-world" commercial strategy, insists
that the entire chain of production, maintenance and marketing be controlled by
Africans themselves, even though the Grenoble-based company holds 40 percent of
the shares in the new enterprise, Safir, while 60 percent is divided between
the government and the Congolese Data Processing Office. The people in Grenoble
say they only insist on one thing: that "the manufacture and utilization of
professional microcomputers shall be perfectly adapted to the needs of the
developing countries." That is not something that can be accomplished in a day,
but it is something to which both sides have agreed.

The first stage, now under way: delivery to the Brazzaville plant of equipment
partially assembled by Symag, which is then to be assembled and prepared

15



President Samora Machel and State President Botha have been very courageous,
particularly in bringing about the Nkomati Accord. I can tell you when I
first arrived here--I am afraid I cannot give you statistics--South African
Airways was not very heavily occupied and most the guys were diplomats who
were coming down from buying food or something along that line, and I can
guarantee you now that it is 98 or 99 percent full; I am sure that your
experiences [words indistinct] itself, the flight is extremely full. The
airline is not just the South African Airways. It is all the other airlines
that are operating including American businessmen. We are lucky if we saw
an American businessman once a month here before Nkomati. Now I can guaran-
tee you that our economic and promotional [word indistinct] is coming. [end
recording ]

Since the signing of the Accord some 15 months ago, it has been in danger of
collapse on a number of occasions. What in your opinion would happen if in
fact it collapsed?

[Begin de Vos recording] Well, it is a hypothetical question and I do not
foresee it happening, quite frankly, and therefore [words indistinct] along
these lines. I think on the contrary, that both the South African
Government and the Mozambican Government are fully committed to [word indis-
tinct] Nkomati and to making it work. The fact that there is continuing
insurgency in Mozambique does not just mean that Nkomati has not worked.

It has because it has two governments that were before on a confrontational
course, and now are trying to work together to work out their problems.

[end recording]

It is obvious that security is the major problem in Mozambique. However,
if peace were to be restored what benefits would begin to flow into the
country?

[Begin de Vos recording] Well, I think you identified the problem.

In other words, security, that is the number one concern in everybody's mind
on both sides of the border as well as anybody coming in here looking at
economic opportunities. But the country is a very, very wealthy country.

I do not want to exaggerate, any particular area, but I think that if you take
the total sum, and you look at agriculture, there are areas in this country
that could compete with any country, any nation in the world in terms of
agriculture. The fantastically good river valleys, the Limpopo, the
Zambezi, and the [words indistinct]. I just returned myself from Niassa
Province. It isa fantastically rich agricultural province, But, it is not
a one crop country. It has many, many things they can grow there: cotton,
beef, beans, corn, citrus fruits, in addition to which they have mineral
resources. How vast [words indistinct] people don't know but some of the
food and natural resources here are simply fantastic; coal, for instance,
iron. We are looking forward to {words indistinct]. The fishing, for
example, in this country is almost untold, [word indistinct] over the farms,
but in addition to the farms you have all types of fishing. You have the
services. The country's [words indistinct] for the past decade and past

32



It could create an insupportable dilemma for the Americans if their country
were forced openly to choose sides in a black-white struggle. In terms of
America's own fragile racial unity, that could be fatal. Perhaps there are
enough responsible Americans who perceive this and who want to change while
there is still time.

8117
CSO: 3401/219

52



In 1984, France for its part granted 21.9 million francs in aid, to which was
added an amount of 33 million in connection with Paris' taking over the part
payable in cash for the "ticket of admission" that Malabo is to pay to the Cen-
tral Bank for integrating the free zone (in all, 100 million francs). French
imports went from 11 million francs in 1983 to 27.7 million in 1984 and French
exports, which reached 12 million in 1983, rose to 80 million the following
year. The number of French people settled in Equatorial Guinea, for its part,
has increased tenfold since 1982 and is now at 83 persons, including 20 who are
cooperants. The chief of state himself, as well as his principal associates,
have started to learn French. In short, France may, if requested by the Malabo
authorities, play an important role in a country that has become pro-West.

Relations with Spain are actually singularly strained, President Obiang not
having appreciated very much a certain propensity on the part of Madrid to act
like the former colonizer who came running [illegible] to the rescue, when the
dictatorship fell, to rebuild the country.

Distrust has been growing since the coup d'etat attempt in May 1983, during
which one of the conspirators took refuge in the Spanish embassy in Malabo.
However, Madrid maintains about 200 cooperants and its financial aid was esti-
mated at slightly over 100 million francs in 1984, 20 percent of that total be-
ing allocated to defense. Military cooperation between the two countries has
suffered a serious slowdown since security was entrusted to a Praetorian guard
of about 350 Moroccans stationed on the island of Bioko and in Rio Muni (the
continental part). France, for its part, signed a military cooperation accord
last January, involving 1 million francs in military aid annually.

This strengthening of ties with the West corresponds to a challenging of the
alliances contracted in the past with the Eastern bloc countries. The Soviet
Union, which before 1979 maintained in Equatorial Guinea about 250 civilian ex-
perts, 150 military advisers and nearly 250 sailors, is no longer a favored
partner at all, quite the contrary. To the Equatorial Guineans, the Soviets
are closely associated with the atrocities committed under President Macias’ re-
gime. Moscow nevertheless keeps a diplomatic representation of about 100 per-
sons in Malabo.

Turning his Back on the Past

In agriculture, the production of cocoa, sales of which for export. represent
most of the country's own resources, has recovered, going from 5,000 tons in
1980 (almost 40,000 tons at the time independence was declared) to 8,300 tons
in 1984. Timber, which ranks second in export income, is experiencing the same
growth with 103,000 cubic meters in 1984, compared to 47,000 cubic meters in
1981. Finally, production of coffee, nearly all of which formerly disappeared
because of smuggling, reached approximately 1,000 tons in 1984, as opposed to
less than 200 tons from the previous harvest. On the other hand, the Malabo
authorities have great hopes for mineral resources and hydrocarbons exploration.
For its part, ELF [Gasoline and Lubricants Company of France] has obtained an
offshore exploration permit for 2,200 square km and, after a period of seismic
prospecting, will begin drilling in two places in late 1985 or early 1986.

None of the oil companies now in Equatorial Guinea, however, has found oil thus
far.

18



Black leaders will only be able to take part in the discussion forum if it
rapidly produces something tangible and visible, something they can use to
convince their people that negotiation and cooperation accomplish more than
violence and blackmail.

Black leaders must understand, however, that the National party and Mr. Botha
are also running a risk. Including Coloreds and Indians in Parliament has
already caused a split in the party. To extend this to a black role in

the government--and that is after all what this is all about--is far more
radical in the white view. Mr Botha also has thus to look to his power base,

12906
cso: 3401/180

85



[answer] We are asked to do too much at once. Africa is still
deeply traditional,, attached to its peasant attitudes. When were
we born again as sovereign nations? In Niger, that happened only
about’ 25 years ago... You want us to set records for the phases,
which you took centuries to complete, so as to catch up with you.
That is simply not realistic, any of it. As for'me, as head of
State, my first duty is to know my country as it is, and to act
on the basis of that reality. Our States, since they achieved
international sovereignty, are beginning to understand that they
are going to constitute a nation. . It will be a nation with its
flaws and its shortcomings, and with its merits. Therefore you
must not rush it. What is more, we must go on being ourselves,
even as we strive to be like others, but not to ape them! I ad-
mit that this is no easy task. If ever we lose our grip on our
hard realities, we shall be headed straight for catastrophe...

[question] Does the personalization of power still seem necessary
to an African president?

[Answer] Oh, yes! In your countries, you count on democracy. But
you simply cannot take a man who is mentally and materially under-
developed and turn him into a democrat. That is the faulty per-
ception that thwarts both you in the West and us in Africa.
Europeans will never understand anything about our African prob-
lems so long as this distorted perception goes uncorrected.

[question] So freedom of thought is not necessarily a factor in
development?

[Answer] There is freedom of thought, and then there is freedom
of thought! When freedom of thought means helping to destroy what
belongs to the community, it is not, in my view, freedom of
thought. In Europe you talk about our dictatorships, our presi-
dents for life...yet you never for an instant stop to think that
it took you centuries to get to where you are!

[Question] Now, a question about Chad, your neighbor. In May
1982, when Francois Mitterrand came on a visit to Niger, you said
to him: "To be in Niger is to be in Chad!" Today you are a lot
more discreet: on that subject. Does the Libyan threat, which has
grown more menacing since the occupation of northern Chad in May

and June 1983, explain this discretion?

[Answer] I did indeed say to President Mitterrand that by coming
to Niger he had as good as come to Chad. The Nigerien people are
with the Chadians, heart and soul. We share a common border, with
the same populations on either side of that line. Our discretion
has nothing to do with Libya. “Tf I have something to say to
Qadhdhafi, I'll say it to him. No...in all honesty, there is a

39



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

When it comes to the question of fundamental freedoms, our security 1aws auu
laws that entrench segregation loom up like question marks.

The truth is that because we are a heterogeneous society, it is more necessary
to find a balance between individual freedom and group rights in South
Africa than in any other country.

Mr Botha's views on where mixed couples will live and where their children
will go to school are perhaps open to more than one interpretation. We
gather from what he is reported to have said that the intention is that they
should live where they choose and where they are welcome.

That sounds like practically unqualified freedom of association. Is that
actually what the government "has in mind," as Mr Botha puts it?

Freedom of Movement
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 22 May 85 p 12
[Editorial: "A Step Forward"]

[Text] The Vorster era was a time of transition and was marked by permit
reform. Apartheid laws were not repealed, but appropriate allowance was
made for exceptions, so much so that with time the exception practically
became the rule. Sports and to a lesser extent separate facilities are
examples of this.

The Botha era comes with reforms that dissolve the structures of apartheid

by. repealing the legislation itself. The new Parliament and other administra-
tive reforms under the new constitution create the framework for this. But
the abolition of the color laws with respect to marriages and immorality can
be seen as the first actual steps in this dissolution.

It is.now.clear.that the latter_is _the_start of a process. The Law on
Prohibition of Political Interference will be repealed. And this week the
reform policy with respect to. blacks has been extended by allowing black
workers greater freedom of movement in white areas.

There may be debate over the question of whether it is happening too quickly
or too slowly. But nobody who knows all the facts and circumstances can
honestly say that it is just political camouflage.

The abolition of the permit system for whites to enter a black living

area acknowledges the sustained and increasing exchange traffic in practically
all areas between black and white. It is an indication that the policy of
compartmentalization has collapsed under the pressure of common interests.

The greater freedom of movement for black workers sheds light precisely on
the far-reaching and impractical restrictions with which they and their
employers are burdened. It is a step forward but certainly not the last
word.

80



Courting

Recent history has proved clearly that it is still the KP--and especially
its leader, Dr Treurnicht--which time and again has bent over backwards
to meet the HNP. It already has been said mockingly that Mr Marais
would push Dr Treurnicht beyond 1948. Political observers have little
doubt that if there has to be a marriage between the two parties, the KP
will have to do the political wooing by way of concessions.

Examples of how the KP has yielded already under pressure of the HNP are,
amongst others:

. The KP and LP [Labour Party] resignations from the Broederbond last
year after the HNP actually gave an ultimatum on it to the KP. The HNP
was still bitter about the fact that Dr Treurnicht, as Broederbond
president, had kicked the HNP out;

. The sports policy whereby the KP said at first that only sports on the
club and school level had to be segregated, but now also accepts the
principle that sports on the provincial and national level--in accordance
with HNP policy--have to be practised separately.

. The treaty of Nkomati--which was completely rejected by the HNP--over
which Dr Treurnicht has already made so many comical about-faces that
finally nobody knows where he stands; and

. The independence of South West and Resolution 435, which Dr Treurnicht
as member of the NP cabinet accepted, but from which he now tries to run

away.
Among the "small differences" that still have to be resolved are:

. The KP's policy that all ten black. homelands must become independent,
while the HNP says only those five it. regards as viable--KwaZulu, Transkei,
Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and Venda--will have to go;

. The KP's point of view that it is willing to sign a non-aggression
pact with any state, while the HNP for instance plainly rejects Nkomati.

.. The KP says that the Guard could be organized on an allied, non-integrated
basis, while the HNP says only whites should be armed; and

. The KP mentions in its platform that it favors the introduction of a
state council of which all independent Southern African states can become
members, while the HNP straightforwardly rejects this.

In addition, the HNP will also certainly expect the KP to repudiate totally

Mr Vorster and his policy direction, because it was under his premiership
that they were kicked out of the NP. At the same time the KP will also

57



Black urbanization is a great problem, and influx control is clearly not

the answer. We nevertheless understand the government's reluctance to
abolish it with one stroke of the pen before a workable new approach has been
found.

The different handling of squatters and squatters’ camps shows greater under-
standing of the nature of the problem. Because urbanization is unstoppable,
there will have to be a radical turnabout. Thought and action must be
devoted to creating more urban areas and useless but frustrating attempts

at influx control must be abandoned.

We feel unhappy about the retroactive clause legitimizing all previous and
future forced movements of black people against all potential court
challenges.

It ensures a wave of violent criticism in connection with a matter that only
too emphatically attracts overseas attention. It is, moreover, undemocratic.
And it will aggravate the prevailing states of tension in the country. It
goes against the government's own course.

12906
CsO: 3401/180

81



APEX MOVES FIRST TO CUT SOUTH AFRICAN LINKS

JPRS-SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jun 85 "Business Herald" Supplement p 1

[Article by Lynda Loxton]

[Text]

IN the first move. by the
private sector to cut nis

with South Africa and
ensure iocal ownership,
Apex Corporation ths

week announced that it
Anvended to buy out Souti
African interests 2
Abercal Holdings and
extend the otter to Jocat
shareholders,

Zhe deal, which 1s ex-
pected to involve an in-
vestment or over $28
million by Apex, is widely
seen as tlear sign of the
private sector's growing
confidence in the Zhn-
‘babwean economy and its
shift dn emphasis from
wes with South Africa to
increased local —controt
and stronger trade ties
with Preterential Trade
Area states,

The only other com-
pany with a majority
South African gharehold-
img to have been localised
since independence is
MTD Mangule, which the
Government bought out
last year,

Apex plang to buy the
majority’ shareholding in
<Aiberca] from the Aber-

CSO: 3400/466

com group of companies
in South Africa end it
was announced on Mon-
day that Apex was ofter-
ing $1 in. cash plus one
Apex share in exch:
for three Abercal shares”
The value of the offer,
based on the latest traded
price of Apex shares, is
cents per Abercal
share, representing a pre-
nem of 57 percent over
re

cal last week
when shareholders were
warned of the pending
takeover announcement. ,
Observers have gen-
erally described the offer
as “fair and reasonable
on the face og it”, but
anid they would be’ in a
‘better position to judge
once they had seen the
offer document, which is
due out on June 20,
. Apex’s chief executive
Mr John Carter said this
week Apex ‘had for some
time beem “seeking ways
in_ which it can visihly
show its confidence in

market price of Aber-.
ares

‘Zimbabwe. and its
future,”
"T have always felt

. that the private sector

should work closely with
the public sector to de-
velop the country, in
particular in the rural
areas and in, the ex-
pansion of its exports.”

He and <Abercal’s
managing director Mr
Don McDevitt _helleve
that the takeover
which they prefer to call
“qw merger or an all-round
strengthening of our

operations” — will, if iv.

oes through, enable the
i companies in Apex
and Abercal to ‘etter“de-
velop products aimed. at
the rural market and to
step up exports to PIA
states. :
‘The companies are in-
volved in canvas goods,
refrigeration, castjron
products, fibreglass, wire
products, engineering, of-

fice equipment, _ plastic
pro aus ta » bookselling,
printing and solar
energy.

Both groups have al:
ready built up wide-rang-
trade inks with PTA.
states and in its half-

116

yearly statenient released
last week, Apex atitributed.
its steadily improving
performance to the ox-
pansion of exports and a
small increase in local de-
mand.

Apex announced that
furnover for the six
months to April 80 had
increased to $12,1 million
over $10,8 milling during
the same perlog the
previous year while ofter- !
tox proiits moved |
slightly to $521 000.

Abereal’s performance}
has declined steadily over
the last three yéars but it
is now benefiting from
the economic upturn and
results for the current

ear ate ected to
show a significant tm-!
provement, .



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

SECURITY DETENTION ORDER ON SITHOLE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 85 p 13

[Text]

HARARE. — Zanu lead- military aid to topple the first general election since”
er the Rev Ndabaningi government. independence closed on
Sithole, who has been in Zanu's director of elec- Tuesday with Mr Sithole
self-imposed exile in Brit- tions, Mr Mabaudi Zeng- _ not having been regis-
ain for the last 15 months _eni, said on Monday that " tered as a candidate. The
and was expected to ar- Mr Sithole would not con- _ party had been legally ad-
rive in Harare on Wed- _ test the election if he did ~ vised that it would not be
nesday night or yester- not return home by Tues- - possible to nominate him:
day, would be detained day. if he remained in exile,
on arrival, the Minister of Nominations for the Sapa.
State (Security), Mr Em-
merson Munangagwa,
said.

Speaking at the airport
shortly after the depar-
ture of Presidents Julius :
Nyerere of Tanzania and
Samora Machel of .Mo-
zambique, the Minister
said Mr Sithole was |
wanted for questioning in
connection with allega-
tions that he approached
_ Some Officials of the Rea- .
gan administration for

csO: 3400/451

119



MAKHELE ON SITUATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA, RELATIONS WITH USSR

London THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST in English No 101, 1985 pp 83-85

[Interview with Vincent Makhele, foreign tiinister of Lesotho]

[Text]

Vincent Makhele, Foreign Minister of Lesotho, recently visited the Soviet
Union at the invitation of the Soviet Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity.
He gave an interview to INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS concerning a
numter of issues, including the situation in Southern Africa.

Q The Pretoria regime seeks to foist a “non-aggression treaty” on Lesotho. Your country
has rejused to yield to the racists’ pressure. Could you elaborate on the stand Lesotho
lakes on this issue?

A. The situation in southern Africa remains exceedingly complex. Our
country is one of those affected by the destabilization policy pursued by the
Pretoria regime. A case in point is the pressure the racists are putting on
Lesotho in various forms to sign a non-aggression treaty.

We do need’ peace in order to solve our numerous social problems.
However, we feel that peace will not be achieved through, the signing of a
treaty that lacks’sincerity. I want to emphasise that our experience of
contractual relations with South Africa indicates that we cannot be
absolutely sure of its strict observance of the provisions of a non-aggression
treaty.

And another thing I would like to stress: we are positive that there can be
no genuine peace as long as apartheid exists. If Pretoria does not give up its
criminal practices of apartheid, I do not think that a country like ours can
cooperate with it. :

Lesotho adheres to the principle of peaceful coexistence. It will never act as *

an aggressor, nor will it ever serve as a base for aggression. We have never
attacked South Africa and have no intention to; therefore, the demand fora
non-aggression treaty, in our opinion, has no grounds.

Q In the Republic of South Africa, in a situation of violence and coercion, elections were
staged to a new, three-chamber parliament where, apart from the whites, “coloureds”
and Asians are to be represented. What is your assessment of these “reforms” carried out
by the racist authorities?

A. [have no intention to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. Butitis
clear to any unbiased observer that the “reforms” have in no way brought

26

JPRS~SSA-85-061
15 July 1985

LESOTHO



cso:

3400/466

* tributl

many areas this gives us

an opportunity to assist”
In oud

ding on to national
structures which we have
co-operated in setting’ up,
‘and where regional Iink-
‘ages make the mtional
systems more cost-effec-
tive. Norway js therefore
giving coristderable " as-
sistance to SADCC pro-
grammes in these sec-
tors.”

In the energy sector,”

Norway is assisting Ang-
ola. in her function ag an
SADCC energy — co-or-
ginating country in ad-
dition to involvement in
the construction of trans-
mission lines between,
countries for better use
of existing energy pro-
duction capabilities.

In agticulture Norwoy
has declared its intention
of assisting In these ac-
tivities and has already
financed several SADCC
agricultural projects. And
in the area of storage
facilities the country has
“financed the storage
cost of a large stock of
Zimbabwean majze to be
kept as a reserve or buf-
fer to be drawn on by
other SADCC countries”,

Norway is also con-°

one-third of the
cost of setting up an
agricultural research
centre for the region,
SACOAR, in Botswana,
Mr Saeter sald.

“Tt Js our hope that
SADCC in its next phase
attempts ito F Into some
other problem areas
which In our view are es-
sential to
sustained development.
and ecbnomic in.

+ dependence,”

‘he heavy commitment.
of the Nordie countries to
the region's development
efforts and thelr stated
policy against apartheld
ond efforts to assist in
counteracting the  de-
stabilisin, activities of
the regime in South
Africa formed the basis

achieve:

for a recent Nordic in-
itlative in SADCC,

“The -initlative — en-
visages @ new concept of
co-operation — @ reglon-
to-reglop, long-term, mul-
tifaceted programme:
encompassing  de-
velopment aid. “streng-
thened trate © roja-
tlong and co-operation tn
the cultural sector, We
see this programme as 1
natural extension and
broadening of the cope
of the — traditional o-
velopment co-operation
between countries in. the
two regions,

“We also see this as an
opportunity to share with
SADCC our own ex-
perlences of regional co-
operation, The Nordic
countries, with rather
Umited resources at their
hands, have among thei-
selves developed a wide
network of regional co-
operation in areas whore
it has been considered of
mutual interest to all,

“Through joint efforts
the Nordic countries bave
heen able to make Iatger
gaing jn thelr economic
and soctal development
than would have been
achieved otherwise. We
ere rendy to Phare our
own experiences in
regional co-operation for
the ‘benefit of SADUG.”
Mr Saeter said,

The Nordic initiative
hat ‘been presented to
BADCC countries at the
recent ennual meeting in
the Swazi capital,
Mbabane,

“We are now awalting
thelr response, If the res:
ponse {a supportive of the
idea of the new concept
of co-operation, work will
have to be done to follow
up at the practical level.”

A recent development
in Norwegian ald to
Southern Africa had been
on how aid could he used
more explicitly to reduce
the region's economte de-
pendency on South
Africa.



AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH BRITAIN TO HELP EQUIP VETERINARY FACULTY

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Jun 85 p 3

{Text]

cso:

ZIMBABWE and Britain. yesterday signed an agreement providing $1,4

million worth of teaching and research

acience faculty of the
University of Zimba-
Dwe.

It was signed the
Deputy Minister w Fin-
ance, Economic Planning
and Devel it, Cle
Moton Malfanga, and the
British High Commission.
er, Mr Michaet Methuish.

‘The equipment is being:

3400/465

financed from the United
Kin; ibabwe pro-
ject. loan agreed to in
1982 provitiing 2 soft loan
‘at 2 porcent interest pny-
able over 25 years with 1
igrace pertod of seven
years,

The faculty fs also be-
ing funded by the Euro-

pent Economie Commu-
nity and Alustralia hes

134 -

“ment Fund to

equipment to the new veterinary

agreed to contribute
equipment, So far funds
from the British loan of
£5 milion have been
atlocated to ruraq coun-
industry,

Rovers,

Cde Malianga sald the
pact would enable the
faculty to work 38 oe
internationally recognise
institute serving Sipcc.
‘The faculty was ertab-
Ushed in 1982 with a
grant of £7,4 million from
the European Develop-

provide
high-level tratning factll-
ties for students frour
Zimbabwe, Botswana, Ma-
lawl and Swaztilond,

To date about 50 per-
cent of veterinariang in
the region are expatri-

ates.

Cie Mallanga added:
“It was noteworthy that
the UK hag __ already
agreed tq provide man-
power tratning assistance
and equipment totaling
£1,33 aniilion to the Vet-
erinary Services Depart-
ment,

“The project will im-
prove the supply of ve‘-
erlnary surgeons and
meke positive contribu-
tions to nutritional stand-

considers
veterinary sector to be of
grect importance, parti-
eularly in view of the
potential for exporting
‘beef from this country to
fhe HRC.”

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE


JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

NIGER

REPORTAGE ON NIGER RIVER DRYING UP
Paris LE MONDE in French 12-13 May 85 p 6

[Article by Laurent Greilsamer |

[Text] Water and wealth. Wealth and water.
Like so many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,
Niger juggles these two words that sum up its
plight. This country of 2 million souls is
cruelly short of resources, and service on its
foreign debt will keep rising at least into
1988. As for the drought, nobody sees any
sign of its ending. That leaves foreign aid,
ingenuity, and courage.

Niamey: -- The orders came from on high -- very high. Gen Senyi
Kountche, president of Niger, has asked his people to grow toma-
toes and cereal grains in the desert. The president wants to
mobilize people hard-hit by the drought. That was several months
ago, in the fall of 1984.

It was a challenge. The idea was, and still is, to resettle a peo-
ple accustomed to tending its land only three times a year, to
settle as many as possible of the Peul and Touareg tribes (more
than a million people, or 20 percent of the population). A chal-
lenge flung down in response to three driving ideas: to give the
Nigeriens back their courage, to induce them to alter their be-
havior, and to provide them with disincentives for further over-
crowding the cities.

It is certainly too early to tell whether this revolution will turn
out to be a brushfire or whether it will last. The fact remains
that Niger is gradually sprouting little gardens. Some 25 hectares
of truck-gardens have sprung up around Say, some 60 kilometers from
Niamey. Forty farmers are working there, and feeding their fami-
lies.

Fenced fields, with crops of manioc, soft wheat, maize, and pota-

tos, not to mention salad greens, tomatoes, and haricot beans, have
sprung up along the banks of the Niger and around the marshes, in

41



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NORWAY TO HELP BREAK RELIANCE ON SOUTH AFRICAN TRADE

Harare THE SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Jun 85 p 8

[Text]

NORWAY fs identi-
fying commodities
which have always
been imported from

South Africa, by |

-SADCC countries in e
bid to substitute them

by those produced
‘eleewhere to enable
the countries to les-
‘gen dependence on
: South Africa.

“We are already
financing a similar pro-
gramme in Mozambique,
linked to imports from
other SADCC countries,”
the Norwegian Deputy
.Minister of Development
Co-operation’ Mr Odd
Sneter, said last month.

Mr_ Saeter, who later ‘

travelled to Maputo, sald
-the service arm of the
country’s aid pro-
grammes, Norad, would
Soon be opening &n office
in Harare.
minister, who was dis-
cussing’ Norway's de-
velopment ald to the
‘SADCC region, said
Africa, had run into food
deficits of gigantic pro-
portions, which — would
make ‘many African
countries dependent on
Western food aid for
many years to come.
“When we address the
question of economic co
pendence in 985,
therefore, we do it in an
environment which is far
Jess propitious from the
polnt of ylew of the de-

The Norwegian deputy |

veloping countries than
was the case 15 years

2g 0,

“Internation — depen-
dency seems to be a
deeper and more complex

roblem than it seemed

0 be when the African
countries gained thelr in-
dependence. Added to this
ig the particular type of
economle dependency in
the SADCC region's rela-
tions with South Africa.
To draw up ax. effective
development policy for
individual nations or for
the region, seems in this
Night to be a daunting
task.”

To Norway, he ex-
plained, the SADCC pro-
gramme represented an
opportunity to further
expand on assistance al-
ready rendered to in-
dividual countries in the
region, making the
national structures and
investments mbre cost-ef:
fective,

“Through the SADCC
objective of reducing de-
pendency on South
Africa it offers aD Op~
portunity to follow up, in
practical terms, the long-
stated Norwegian foreign
policy goal of jeter.
national pressure against
the apartheid system, ac
well as South Africa's at-
tempts at exporting the
problems resulting from
that system to neighbour-
Ing states.”

The SADCC priority
programmes of restruc-
turing and upgrading the
region’s transport and
communications in-

frestructure had Nor-"

way’s fullest. support. “In



the Cuban troops there, and we feel that that is very wrong, and it is for
that purpose we would like to see the Cuban troops be withdrawn, But in
terms of the other countries in southern Africa, I think that our objectives
here at any rate are to see them be independent countries, to see them being
genuinely nonaligned countries and to see them have the opportunity to
induce self . . . [changes thought] independence, to induce economic
development, and an overall improvement in the way of life. So I would not
like to characterize southern Africa as a place for East-West conflict, nor
East-West competition for that matter. I think that this will be one area
of Angola, which is a very specific area, and is something which we are
trying very hard to work out. [end recording]

But while talks about fighting, talks about peace, and talks about talks
continue, the people of Mozambique are starving. Despite economic and food
aid from the East and the West, millions of Mozambicans face a daily
challenge of searching for food, of feeding their families, of seeing their
joved ones starving to death. What are the statistics? The Mozambican
minister of agriculture, Mr Joao Ferreira dos Santos:

[Begin dos Santos recording] In this moment we see that we have had no
concrete figures in mind. But what that must be based into and to UN
agencies in Maputo and it is the correct figures. I think it is between 4
million and 5 million people more or less is involved in this clarification.
{end recording]

Is aid a solution to the problem of starvation in Mozambique? No, says
Mr dos Santos.

[Begin dos Santos recording] First thing it is necessary to finish this war
and have peace in Moazmbique. This is the first condition for any coopera—
tion we would like to do with any country. this is a fundamental thing
which every people understand. Western countries, South Africa, every
people must understand, first Mozambique needs peace. We must finish with
the criminal actions of these bandits, because if we think it is not killing
children, women, peasants, civil servants, we cannot resolve anything.
Those who finance these people must stop it. [end recording ]

So, while the fighting and the talking continues, shops throughout the
country will also continue to have very little or even nothing to sell.
The Minister of Internal Trade Mr. Aranda da Silva:

[Begin da Silva recording] The main problem is the economic problem, the
general economic problems of the country. Anyway, the situation seems to be
very difficult and as you can see through the country there is a general
lack of the consumer goods and the lack of {word indistinct] in the facto-
ries is still very low. There are scarcities of raw materials in particu-
lar. [end recording]

35



NKOMO ACCUSES GOVERNMENT OF VIOLATING CONSTITUTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 85 p 13

[Text]

cso:

Nkomo, yesterday ac-
cused the government
of violating the coun-
try’s constitution to
further the interests of
the ruling © Zanu-PF
Party.

Mr Nkomo, head of

the PF-Zapu party, told a"

news conference here the
banning of PF-Zapu’s
previous election symbol
of an eagle under emer-
gency powers last month,

3400/451

"HARARE. — Zim-.
,babwe’s chief opposi-
‘tion leader, Mr Joshua

and changes made to the
electoral laws, had all dis-
advantaged opposition
parties.

PF-Zapu later adopted

* a charging bull as its sym-

bol during Zimbabwe's
first post-independence
general elections on July
1 and 2 after the govern-
ment said the eagle sym-
bol formed part of the in-
signia of the country’s
armed forces.

Last week, Mr Nkomo
went to court to challenge
a-government move re-
ducing the — two-week
period allowed td nomi-
nate election candidates
to five days. The courts
dismissed his case, but the
government later extend-
ed the nomination time
by a day.

Mr Nkomo told report-
ers yesterday: “As a party
committed to peace, jus-
tice, fair play and good
government, we cannot
let this blatant and unjust
use of our statutes for pol-

115

* itical ‘expedience rs un-

challenged.

“We are surprised that
an independent Zim-
babwe can resort to tac-

tics which they (the ruling -

party) fought against dur-
ing colonial times.”

Mr Nkoimo, a 68-year-
old veteran of Zimbab-
wean Black nationalism,
added: “One wonders
whether this subjugation
of our constitution to the
whims of political expe-
diency has become a per-
manent feature of our
government.”

He charged Prime Min-
ister Mr Robert Mugabe's
government with dashing
people’s expectations at
independence in 1980 by
pursuing what he called
policies of disunity and
flouting human rights.
“Our people in many
parts of the country are as
insecure today as they
were : before indepen-
dence,” he said, adding:

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

Promote

“For the past five
years, the ruling party has
had at its disposal the en-
tire mass media, which
they have used to pro-
mote party interests as
opposed to national inter-
ests.

“Attempts have also
: been made to equate pa- .
, triotism with membership
: Of Zanu-PF.””

Mr Nkomo also un-
veiled a 35-point docu-
j ment listing PF-Zapu’s
| election platform in which
Zimbabwe's 2,9 million
voters are promised
peace, stability and re-
conciliation.

The document will
‘form part of PF-Zapu’s
election manifesto to be
| released soon, party offic-,
ials said. — Sapa-Reuter.



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

OPEC TO FINANCE PROJECT--Dakar, 10 June (PANA)-~-A loan agreement signed

last week between the Central African Republic and the OPEC Fund for
International Development will provide’ that country with 2 million U.S.
dollars to help finance the Bangui M'poko International Airport rehabilitation
project. An OPEC press release to the PANAFRICAN NEWS AGENCY in Dakar

today states that others contributing to the project are the Saudi Fund

for Development, the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA),
and the Central African Republic Government. The loan agreement was signed
at the OPEC Fund headquarters by Dr Guy Darlan, high commission for planning,
on behalf of the Central African Republic and by Mr Osama Faquih, chairman
of the governing board of the OPEC Fund. Under the financial. terms of

the agreement the interest-free loan will carry an annual service charge

of one percent on amounts withdrawn and outstanding, a maturity of 17 years,
including a five-year grace period. [Excerpts] [Dakar PANA in English

1345 GMT 10 Jun 85]

NEW AIRFIELD AT MOBAYE--As announced yesterday in our 1900 newcast,

the head of state this morning presided over the ceremony for the inauguration
of the new airfield at Mobaye. According to our correspondent Misongo Pasi,
the occasion began at 0838 with the arrival of the head of state at the

venue where members of the Military Committee for National Redress, heads

of diplomatic missions in Bangui, and a large crowd from all parts of the
Mobaye District were waiting. [Excerpt] [Bangui Domestic Service in French
1800 GMT 14 Jun 85]

cso: 3400/469

14



ing in Zinibabwe by Botswa-
na of goods whose origin

they considered dubious and :
could have originated from .

South Africa,

To curb this Zimbabwe '

imposed the “rules of origin”
on Botswana exports, stipu-
Jating 25 percent or more
local content.

‘This has been in force since
January 18 this year and

commerce and industry lead- ;
ers in Botswana say the move !
has created havoc in their °

trade with Zimbabwe.

Although a trade agree-
ment has been negotiated he-
tween .the.two countries, the
draft agréement has not been
ratified because of reasons
that have not been made
public,

But observers believe that
Botswana's refusal to join the
PTA, and the fact that it
remains tied to South Africa
through the Southern African
Customs. Union (SACU), are
probably the major stumbling
blocks.

Although Botswana is not
a member of the PTA, the
effects of the “rules of origin”
are due to be discussed at a
meeting of the Councfl of
Ministers planned for Bujum-
bura, Burundi, this month.

The mecting will consider
the report of a consultant
who has been appointed to
find ovt the effects of the
“rules of origin” on inter-
national trade.

Ove possible reason for
Zimbabwe's tough action is
concern that reverting to the
OGIL trade relations would
encourage Zimbabwean manu-
facturers to pack up and
open the same businesses in
Botswana.

It has been claitned that
Zimbabwe has lost 23 textile
end clothing manufacturers
to Rotswana during the past
38 months, and it was_ re-
ported last week that Zim-
babwe was still investigating
cases of “defection” by local
industrialists.

These reports have been
given credence by a number
of former Zimbabwean manu-
facturers returning to Bua-
wayo to recruit former
employees for work in
Botswana.

Zimbabwe is understood to
be concerned at the evidence
that the “defectors” manu-
factured in Botswana for the
sole purpose of exporting to
Zimbabwe “at prices that
amount to dumping”.

In Gaborone last week, the
chairman of the Botswana

Clothing Manufacturers’ As:
sociation (BCMA), Mr Trevor ;
Watkins, admitted — some
Zimbabwean manufacturers
had set up businesses in
Botswana after closing in

© Zimbabwe.

But he said only three such
cases had been established in
Botswana and they had since
disappeared and were D0
Jonger operating.

Mr Watkins, Mr Mbaakanyl
and an exccutive member of
the country’s chamber of
commerce, Mr Dawod Khonat,
were speaking after the
appearance of Mr Modirl's

* statement in the Press.

Although it was widely
accepted in the Botswana
capital on Thursday that the
three meh had that day dis:
cussed trade problems with
the Ministry of Commerce
and Industry, they denied it
and disclaimed any govern
ment involvement. | in the
matter of trade problems
with Zimbabwe,

The three were unshaken
in their resolve to get the
Botswana government to re-
dress their complaints.

Mr Watkins said 1 400 jobs
were lost in the textile and
clothing industry during the
past six months as a result
of Zimbabwe's action.

“We are determined to
force the Government to take
steps to correct the situation,
because Botswana is not a
threat to Zimbabwe,” said
Mr Watkins.

While they accepted that
SADCC principles = were
merely of a political nature,
as opposed to promoting
trade, they felt that the
countries should not promote
itical co-operation to the
exclusion of trade co.
operation.

Botswana was being forced
to buy fabric from Brita
Haly, the United States and
South Africa because Ziw
babwe did not have the
variety that Botswana re: '
quired.

They would like to see
Botswana exports to Zin
babwe given a ceiling of $50
million per year — while
Zimbabwe should bz allowed
to export twice that amount
to Botswana, the business-
men sa‘d.

Then they could import
Zimbabwe steel to manutac-
ture window frames and other
steel products. rather than
use South African steel.



Profile of New Chief of Defense, Man He Is Succeeding
(Willem Steenkamp; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Jun 85).ccceccceeeeee

Trawlers' Secret Fishing in Black African Waters Revealed
(Michael Johnson; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Jun 85) vccccecseteccee

Saan Announces Structural Changes in Its Transvaal Division
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun [> a

Gazankulu Gets Own Airline
(SOWETAN, 4 Jun 85)..esececscececccecececcrecsecrseseces

Master Plan for Industrial Development
(Editorial; DIE TRANSYALER, 17 May 85)-ccsecceeceeeeeece

Briefs
'u.S. Policy Danger to Afrikaners'
ANC To Open Ghana Mission
Ciskei Marketing Meat
SWAZILAND

Political Implications of Refugees’ Flow Analyzed
(Peter Honey; THE DAILY NEWS, 21 May een

TOGO
Oppositionists Forbidden Paris News. Conference
(AFP, 6 Jun 85)eccecccccccececcecerseceecessecenseseeees
UGANDA
Briefs
Refugee Repatriation Agreement
No Non-UPC Religious Leaders
Coffee Export Problems
ZAIRE

Ex-Prime Minister Calls for Unity to Democratize Regime
(LA LIBRE BELGIQUE, 5 Jun [> es

Peasants Reported Heading Back to Farm
(Mfuamba Tambue; MJUMBE, 1-2 Jun 3) eee

Briefs
Chadian Military Training
Prisoners Reported Starved
Shaba Citizens Demonstrate
Japanese Volunteers
Relations With Chinese

-e-

94

96

98

99

100

102

102

103

105

107
107
108

109

111

113
113
113
114
114



OIL EXPLORATION COMPANY REGISTERED IN BULAWAYO

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/456

NO geological survey of Zimbabwe

: has revealed any indication of the

possibility of off or gas deposits.

However a new company, the Zim- .

babwe Oil & Gas Exploration (Pvt)
Ltd, was recently registered, to ex-
plore, test, prove and develop any
findings of oll and gas.

‘The company is registered in
Bulawayo, A director of the compa-
ny refused to give further details when,
contacted by The Gazette this week.

Tt is not known whether the compa-
ny will operate exclusively within
Zimbabwe. Certainly the nearest in-
dications of any oil or gas deposits are
those which have been found in

Mozambique.

There was a successful drilling of
a gas well 100km southwest of Beira
about 15 years ago. An explosion at
the well caused considerable damage
‘and it was capped and has lain dormant
since. It is understood that this well
was recently purchased, but the name
or origin of the new owners is not
known,

BP are conducting selsmic surveys
in Mozambique, but this is considered
to be preliminary survey work. Major
oil companies are reluctant to under-
take substantial exploration in Mozam-

bique until rebel activity in that coun- °

try is brought under control.

127

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

TOGO

OPPOSITIONISTS FORBIDDEN PARIS NEWS CONFERENCE
ABO62308 Paris AFP in French 1838 GMT 6 Jun 85

{Text] A news conference, which was to be given by a Togolese opposition
movement in Paris on Thursday afternoon, was forbidden on the grounds it was
"likely to disturb the peace and to cast a slur on the international rela~
tions of the republic." The news conference, which was organized by the
Togolese Movement for Democracy (MID)--which claims to have 3,000 supporters
out of some 4,500 Togolese living in France--was to take place at the
International Hostel of Paris (FIAP). During the meetings, the MTD,
according to the organizers, wanted to draw public attention to the politi-
cal, economic, and social situation in Togo a few days before the upcoming
official visit of President Eyadema to France (scheduled for 10 to 13 June
1985). :

According to the MTD, the will of overture announced by President Eyadema
has not changed the nature of the regime. The movement described the recent
legislative elections as "sham elections" notably because of the high
abstention rate and because, according to it, in most cases, the candidates
nominated by the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT)--the sole and ruling
party--were elected.

The MTD denounces the "violation of human rights" in Togo (assassinations,
arbitrary arrests, according to the movement) and "corruption" within the
regime. It also protests the country's indebtedness (about $1 billion which
absorbs nearly a third of the budget of the state, according to MID, and the
austerity measures taken under pressure from the IMF, especially the deci-
sion "to sell off" factories to the private sector.

According to the organizers, an open letter expressing the "surprise" of the
MID on the upcoming state visit of the Togolese president to France and
particularly recalling violations of human rights in Togo has been addressed
to French President Francois Mitterrand and to French Prime Minister Laurent
Fabius.

The news conference was also to be the occasion for the MID to make clarifi-

cations on its investigations concerning the assassination of Colonel Koffi
Kongo (former inspector general of the armed forces who died on 29 March

105



We believe that the task of keeping order is also a task for the blacks
themselves, because they have an interest in the protection of their
possessions, businesses and general living conditions.

Under the present circumstances with clear international connotations,
this task--according to us--should be brought home to the Blacks in

a more ingenious way. The Blacks need to understand that the maintenance
of law and order eventually involves their welfare, progress and even
their lives. We will not dwell on this because Africa has given numerous
examples of what happens when law and order yield.

Work Permit

We believe that it is necessary to forbid admission to white areas without
a work permit. Only bona fide workers should be able to use any trans-
portation because the work permit necessitates access to the white areas.

To protect the lives and reputations of our police, in the future the
white police officer ought not to act inside black areas, but only
outside them. Patrols, inspections and other duties ought to be
restricted to white areas.

Identified

Where schools, houses, bridges, transport vehicles, etc. are damaged

or destroyed, they should no longer be repaired by the central government,
but this should become a task for the local inhabitants. This implies
that attacks on these assets will mean a long-term inconvenience for

the inhabitants.

When rebellious Blacks act outside their own communities, they should
be sprayed with an indelible dye. This way rebels can be identified
for a long time and appropriate measures become possible. Such measures
can consist of revoking work permits, sending back to home lands, school
prohibition, work camps, imprisonment, etc.

The task of the government inside the black communities should be informing
and motivating inhabitants, training combat-ready police units, etc.

The inhabitants themselves should organize civilian units for their own
protection if they value their comfort.

Rejected

As for us, harsh actions can then be taken there if organized rebels are
found outside the communities.

It is not coincidental that it is precisely non-whites who suggested to
us that the action of the government plays into the hands of the enemy of

64



Domestically, the situation has been far from "normalized" since the Golpe de la
Libertad [blow for freedom] of August 1979. President Nguema, who is a member
of the Fang-ethnic group as was his predecessor, belongs to the Mongomo clan",
which the dictator relies on to govern his country. A former military governor
of Malabo and former vice defense minister, he has tried to distance himself
from the Mongomo Fangs, but has not really been successful in doing so.

Opposing the Fangs (90 percent of the total population), who have taken upon
themselves most of the positions of responsibility, are the Bubis, a minority
ethnic group (8 percent of the population) most of whose members are on the
island of Bioko. The Bubis are represented in the government by Mr Seriche,

the prime minister, whose power is very limited. As in the past, the Fernan-
dinos, who are half-castes, form the middle class of Malabo and Bata. On the
other hand, President Obiang has arranged the banishment of potential rivals,
such as Salvador Ela-Nseng and~Commander~Ftorencio“Maye Ela. Despite various .
attempts, the regime has not managed to bring about a rapprochement with the op-
position, which has been in exile abroad--the CSD (Social Democratic Conver-
gence) of Manuel Ruben N'Dongo and the ANRD (National Alliance for the Restora-
tion of Democracy) of Martin Nsono Okomo. In Malabo, where the supplying of the
markets has been improved, the population enjoys "relative respect for human
rights", according to a French expert.

By endowing his country with institutions (a constitution, a parliament), by
breaking with the Eastern bloc countries, by becoming part of the free zone,
President Obiang Nguema has patently wished to turn his back on his country's
far from brilliant past. He still has to prove that he is capable of erasing
its consequences and that international aid--part of which exclusively benefits
the "clan"--will enable Equatorial Guinea--at last--to make a new start.

8946
cso: 3419/420

19



JPRS-SSA~85~-061

15 July 1985

ANGOLA

STAR REPORTER VISITS JAMBA, CLTES SAVIMBI ON ANC, SWAPO IN CABINDA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jun 85 pp 1, 17

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

Jamba (Angola)

Maps displayed to newsmen at
the Unita rebel movement’s un-
derground operations: room at,
Jamba showed “enemy” bases
in many parts of Angola — but
none in Cabinda were identified
as Swapo or African National ,
Congress positions.

But Unita leader Dr Jonas Sa-
vimbi said he was convinced the.
two organisations were present
in the province.

And he hinted during the
Press conference that a report
in The Star at the weekend that |
his troops had helped six South |
African commandos escape;
from Cabinda was correct.

South African Minister of De- |
fence General Magnus Malan '
told Parliament last week that ;
commandos killed or captured |
in Cabinda had been gathering |
intelligence on Swapo and ANC
bases.

At the Press conference here
— Jamba is Unita’s headquar-
ters and provisional capital —
Dr Savimbi would not deny that ,
a Unita patrol had fought a
strong rearguard action to help ,
the South Africans escape:

Members of the international
Press corps asked him twice to
confirm or deny the report.

“The MPLA did not capture
them all,” he said.

“Yes, but did your men help
the South Africans get away?”
one journalist persisted.

“Well the MPLA only got
three of them,” was all Dr Sa-
vimbi would say.

Convinced

Ce amaernnenad
Asked if Swapo, the ANC, or

both, operated from Cabinda, Dr
Savimbi said he was convinced
they did.

“I can prove it to you,” he
added.

His own intelligence-gather-
ing organisation, however, was
apparently unable to do so.

The map displayed to the
Press pinpointed all MPLA,
Cuban, Swapo and ANC bases in
Angola,

But it did not show any Swapo
or ANC bases farther north than
south-éast of Luanda, the capi-
tal, on May 31.

While Cuban and MPLA
forces were pinpointed in Cabin-
da, the map showed no Swapo or
ANC presence in the province.

Asked if the lack of symbols
on the map meant there were no
Swapo or ANC bases in Cabinda,
a senior Unita officer, Colonel
Hugmso Chingonso, claimed
Unita was “aware” of Swapo
and ANC presence in the prov-
ince, but had no further details.

SA troops

‘According to Unita’s intelli-
gence, the total number of ANC
members in Angola is about 400.

Colonel Chingonso conceded
that the main Swapo presence
was concentrated in southern
and central Angola.

Asked if Unita had helped
some South African commandos
escape from Cabinda, he refused
to answer, saying it was a politi-
cal question.

“You must ask General Sa-
vimbi,” he added.

Sapa-Reuter reports from
Vienna the Angolan Ambassador
to the United Nations, Mr Eli-
sion de Figueiredo, said yester-
day that South Africa still had
troops in his country.

He denied the announcement
made in Pretoria on Monday
that the withdrawal of all troops
had been completed.



--finally, carry out all commercial, industrial and financial operations
directly or indirectly related to its export goals.

PECHIKA's headquarters will be in Conakry and the duration of the agreement
is 25 years, with an option to renew.

The capital stock is set at 20 million French francs and is distributed as
follows:

--51 percent for the Guinean government.
--49 percent for the Euratec-France Co.

However, immediately after the creation of the company, the two partners
agreed to sell 20 percent of the shares to private Guinean promoters, to
promote private initiative in our country. Thus, the physiognomy of the new
capital stock distribution is as follows:

--40 percent for the Guinean government
--40 percent for the Euratec-France Co.
--20 percent for Guinean private interests

PECHIKA's production goal is 25,000 tons of fish a year, or a daily catch
of six tons in the first phase.

Production is slated to begin in August 1985.

When the signing of the accord was completed, Captain Alpha Oumar Barou Diallo
thanked all the executives who contributed to setting up the agreement which
led to PECHIKA's creation, on behalf of the CMRN [Military Committee for
National Recovery] and the President of the republic.

The fishing [ ndustry], the state secretary of fishing said, is a key sector
in the life of the people and our government has an obvious interest in it.
Moreover, Captain Barou affirmed that the weighty responsibility to which the
two parties have already committed themselves is a significant act in the
struggle against malnutrition and the shortage of fish.

Responding to the state secretary of fishing, Pierre Lechuiton, on behalf
of his companions, declared himself very satisfied with the welcome he had
received, "Guinea is a hospitable country with whom one can cooperate",
he concluded.

There could be no better demonstration of the Guinean government's willingness
to accelerate our country's socio-economic development than the creation of
this mixed fishing company.

9825
CSO: 3419/410

24



VOLKSWAG FOUNDER DENIES ANTISEMITISM

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Jun 85 pd

[Article by Arlene Getz]

{Text]

THE rightwing Afrikaner Volks-
wag was not anti-Semitic and
was unlikely to campaign for a
denial that 6000000 Jews died
at nazi hands, Volkswag founder
‘Professor Carel Boshoff said yes-
terday.

Professor Boshoff was com-
menting at the end of a two-day
congress during which about
1000 conservatives celebrated at
the Pretoria City Hall.

The stated aim of the congress
was to decry “American liberal-
ism” but a proposal by retired
scientist Theo Schumann indicat-
ed some right wingers opposed
more than just Americans,
blacks and the National Party.

Dr Schumann, a former dep-
uty chairman of the Atomic En-
ergy Board, proposed the ap-
pointment of a three-member
panel of Afrikaners to provide
other Afrikaners with the “cor-
rect” information about the

CSO: 3400/450

* “fable of the 6 000000 Jews mur-

dered by nazi Germany in World
War 2”,

According to Dr Schumann,
the “truth” about the matter was
being suppressed by the Jewish
monetary powers (geldmagte).

Showing the congress a copy
of the publication “Did Six-mil-
lion Jews Really Die?”, Dr Schu-
mann said that the “amazing
control” exercised by Zionists
over bookshops prevented the
salé of about 90 such books in
South Africa.

In 1977, Dr Schumann caused a

storm when he suggested com-
pulsory sterilisation for parents
of illegitimate children.

In an interview yesterday, Dr
Schumann said that he had made
his suggestion because he wanted
to correct a 40-year-old lie.

“Even if Hitler had killed all
the Jews that would only have
numbered 5,5 million,” he said.

93

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

INDEPENDENTS CHOOSE CAPON--Harare.--The Independent Zimbabwe Group is
nominating Mr George Capon, a former chairman and chief executive of Zimbabwe
Newspapers, for the sprawling White roll constituency of central in the
forthcoming general election. Mr Capon stopped in at short notice after

Mr R I Nelson withdrew from the independents’ list for business reasons.

Mr Capon (68), came to Zimbabwe at the age of eight and grew up in Balawayo,
joining the company now known as Zimbabwe Newspapers in 1933. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jun 85 p 14)

cso: 3400/451 - END -

135



TOP EXECUTIVES SAY INFLUX LAWS HINDER NATION'S

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Jun 85 p 8

[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

‘AJOR cotporate and socio-political

changes such as the scrapping of In-

flux Control and the Group Areas
Act are essential if there is to be a break-
through in the development of the country’s
economical potential, South Africa’s top ex-
ecutives have concluded.

[Text]

This conclusion is a
consensus of hundreds
of black and white man-
agers who have been
meeting in high-level
think-tanks over the
past four months to find
solutions to the twin
problems facing South
Africa — widespread re-
jection of the free en-
terprise system by many
employees andthe
country’s falling produc-
tivity.

The research and
analysis think-tanks are
part of the ongoing Pro-
ject Free Enterprise
which began more than
a year ago with a survey,
by Unisa’s School of
Business Leadership; of
employee attitudes to
business and free Enter-
prise in South Africa.

Survey

The survey found that

. black employees, in par-

ticular, generally viewed
themselves as grossly.
discriminated against by

za system “that chan-.

nelled most of the prof-

its made by the compa- ‘

nies into the pockets of
managers”.

“A typical view of the:
Durban managers was
that free enterprise spelt
exploitation, poverty
and oppression in their
minds,” said professor
Marton Nasser of the
Unisa School of Busi-
ness Leadership and
head of the project.

Skills

The Durban manag-
ers attached much im-
portance to supporting a
system which helped
people acquire relevant
skills and which placed
greater emphasis on the
common good and the
equitable distribution of
wealth.

The survey found “a
high level of ignorance”
about shareholding,
company expenses, how,
expansion is financed
and productivity.

86

ECONOMY

_ It identified five top:
quality changes essential
for future economic
growth:

© Property rights for
blacks.

@ Black participation
on political decision-
making.

e Establishment of
one ministry of educa-
tion for all South Africa §
and the redesigning of ©
the black education sys-.-

tem.

e@ Repeal of the
Group Areas Act with
market forces being left
to dictate the level of in-
tegration.

© Scrapping of influx
control.

Property

Property ownership \

for blacks — on the
same terms as those ap-
plying to white areas —
was identified as top

priority by white man- ~

agers and third priority

by black managers.
“Our view was that no

other issue was as urgent

because of its impact on '

social stability, capital

JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Savimbi Joins Forces With His New Friends

JAMBA (Angola) —
Representatives from
four right-wing guerilla
organisations met at the
Jamba headquarters of
Unita this week to form
the Democratic Interna-

tional and join forces ina ,

historic pact against
what they called Russian
imperialism.

The four included:

@ Unita, the rebel
movement fighting the
MPLA Government in
Luanda.

@ The American-backed
Nicaraguan Democratic
Force.

@ The Afghan Mujahedin.
@ The Ethnics Liberation
Organisation of Laos.
What emerged from this
first attempt by
right-wing guerilla
organisations to
co-operate in the struggle
against a common enemy
was a document called
the Declaration of the
Democratic International
and a loose agreement to

An Attack--Then an Appeal To America

JAMBA (Angola) —
Unita leader General
Jonas Savimbi this week
attacked America for
trying to impose solu-
tions on Southern Africa,

At the same time he
called for the lifting of
restrictions on American
aid to Unita.

He said America was

fond of prescribing to ‘

African countries without
first finding out their
opinions and thoughts.
“You give us all the
formulas,” he said, “but
you do not allow us one
inch of thinking for our-

CSO: 3400/460

|

exchange tactics and at a
later stage perhaps even
weapons and personnel.
Said Unita head General
Jonas Savimba ina
welcoming address: “This
_ conference is in itself a
real sign that the Rus-
sians and the Cubans can
be defeated.”
He pointed out that the
conference was being
held in rebel-held
Sections of Angola and
claimed that the Luanda
Government was
powerless to do anything
about it.
The declaration signed
by all four parties stated:
“Our liberation
movements began as

i national struggles but we

recognise the
international solidarity of
our cause.”

Dr Adolfo Calero, of the
American-backed
Nicaraguan rebels in
Central America,
fighting against the same
enemy yet did not know

selves.”

On Angola he said:
“You are our friends, but
this is our country.”

General Savimbi asked
the Américan Govern-
ment to repeal the Clarke
Amendment which bans
all aid to the Angolan
rebels.

The Clarke Amend-
ment was passed in
America in the wake of
the abortive attempt by
South Africa, initially
with American backing,
to instal Unita in Luanda
‘in 1976.

Now General Savimbi

each other.

“Other liberation
movements will be invit-
ed to join,” he added.
Colonel Ghulam Wardak,
of the Afghanistan
Mujahedin, stressed the
common ground which
existed between the
guerilla movements.

He said Unita’s own fight
for freedom was a fight
for the freedom of all
who were under the boot
of Russian imperialism.
“Your fight,” he added,
“ds not just for your own
independence, but
against Soviet
imperialism everywhere
in the world.”

This week’s meeting was
the first attempt by
right-wing guerilla
movements to co-operate
across international
borders.

Similar loose alliances
have existed between
left-wing guerilla groups
for a number of years.
The conference at Unita’s

wants the amendment
withdrawn so that
American aid can help
the rebels overthrow the
Marxist MPLA Govern-
ment.

“We do not want your i
troops,” he said, “only
your support.

“Get rid of the Clarke
Amendment and it will
give you leverage.

“Don’t allow the will of
democracy to be crushed
here.”

He said, however, that
Unita would not be dic-
tated to by anyone.

“We would rather do

, headquarters and
provisional capital here
somewhere in the Ango-
Jan bush was organised

; by an organisation known

as Citizens for America.

! This has White House, but

not official, American

backing and a personal
message to the

| conference from

American President

Ronald Reagan was read

to the delegates.

Official Citizens for

America spokesman Mr

Lewis Lehrman told the

conference it was a

unique event which

would help free all na-
tions.

, “We are moved by the
struggle of your people
for freedom,” he said,
‘Involved in the
organisatiom of the event
was a right-wing student
group, the National
Student’s Federation of
South Africa, who
atterided as observers,

without the help,” he
added.

General Savimbi asked
America not to recognise
the Luanda Government
while the Cubans re-
mained in Angola.

“No recognition of the
MPLA before all the
Cubans leave,” he said.

“That is what we are
asking you.”

He warned the White
House against falling into
the Russian trap of nego-
tiation.

“Russians,” he said,
“never negotiate to go
backwards; they negoti-
ate to advance.”



by the “intransigence ~

and belligerent re-
sponse to all this by the
South African Govern-
ment.”

“Calls for a national

-forum ring very hollow

when the very people
who could make a real
contribution to these
discussions are si-
Ienced.

The role of the
SADFin townships
was a cause for “great
alarm.”

“We believe that the
deployment of the
SADF in the town-

ships has been a grave !

tactical error, and has
simply added to the
level of violence by
giving people another
cause of anger and
frustration.”

The churches were

also “appalled at the |

sweeping powers given
to the Police and the
apparent lack of ac-
countability to Parlia-
ment, law courts or
public opinion.”

“We have observed
that often the appear-
ance of Police in the
townships has actually

* been the spark which
ignited violence. This
has certainly been the
case at some funerals.”

Hateful

The statement said

CSO: 3400/454

churches’ anger at the
deepening crisis
“comes from our
knowledge that it
could have been avoi-
ded.”

“If the hateful idol-
ogy of apartheid had
been dismantled in
good time, if warnings
of the churches about
the consequences of
implementing the 1983
constitution had been
listened to, or even if
an assurance had been
given that ‘reform’ was
genuinely aimed at
eradicating apartheid,
this crisis could have
been avoided.”

The churches were
certain the “faithless
ideology of apartheid
and the effect its
Propaganda has had on
People is the root
cause of our present
distress.”

“Attempts to blame
all these troubles on a
few agitators or disaf-
fected groups are sim-
plistic and will not
ameliorate the prob-
Jem at all.”

The churches said
they were committing
themselves and their
regional councils to a
number of steps, in-
cluding:

© Informing mem-
ber churches and their
congregations about
the depth of this pre-
sent crisis and its real
Cause, the “evil of

92

> apartheid.”*

@ Equipping mem-
ber churches “to be-
come agents of justice
and reconciliation be-
tween polarising
groups.”

© Formulating and
mounting programmes
to “help our clergy and
lay leaders to become
active agents of recon-
ciliation.”

© Encouraging
member churches to
do the same.

© Asking member
churches to make their
buildings and other re-
sources available to
“those’ people and or-
ganisations who are
working for peace and
justice in our land.”

© Giving full sup-
port to “our staff mem-
bers who in difficult
circumstances through
their work for our
councils seek to deal
with this crisis.”

Regional councils of
churches atten ing the
consultation rep-
resented the Northern
Transvaal, Western
Transvaal, Vaal Trian-
gle, Witwatersrand,
Pretoria, Northern
Cape, Western Cape,
West Coast, Eastern
Cape, Border, Trans-
kei, Durban, Pieter-
maritzburg and Zulu-
land, according to the
SACC.



cso:

“It was labelled a ‘secret mission’
in some papers in the ship's file,”
sald the former Danish mariner,
now living jn Durban. ‘

He sald he decided to reveal his
pole in the affair because he felt he

id been misled.

Danger

“Knowing the Mozambican trawl-
ing trips are usually very fruitful, 1
was sure that I was going to make a
few thousand rand in commission -
over and above my R600-a-month
navigator’s salary.

“Instead my life was ut in dan-
Re 1 was misled and I got only

69.50 in commission.”

He said that when the vessels
steamed from Durban on April 8 he
and the crew believed they were on
a legal trawling trip,

But they arrived in Cape Town
where, according to Mr Pedersen,
the trawlers loaded five tons of
horse mackerel labelled by Mr Colin

_} Taylor, a director of Sterling Fish-

erles, as “bait”. =

“I understood the ‘bait’ to be for hu-
man consumption.

“The Sagita took on two people while.
we were in Cape Town, @ young chap!

who works for the Department of Sea
Fisheries and a Mr Raymond Steen-
kamp of Irvin and Johnson,” sald Mr
Pedersen.

Speaking from his Cape Town home,
Mr Raymond Steenkamp said he was an
employee of I and J and had travelled
on the Sagita from Cape Town to Cam-
eroon waters,

“I was just an interpreter and worked
with the apers,” he sald, d Saglta
ir Pedersen sai ict lo and Say
anchored en route uy the West coast for

a “brief disguise job”,

“The crew painted out the words

‘Cape Town’ — which appear under the

3400/450

97

‘vessel's nainé on the stern and denote

the port of origin — and painted in
Malabo, the Island capital of Equatorial
Guinea. I even helped make the stencil.

“Finally we holsted the flag of Eiqua-
torlal Guinea. But we also had the flags
of Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon and may-
be one or two others, stowed aboard the
Scorplo,” he said,

Trawling

The vessels, In thelr new disguise,
docked at Port Gentil in Gabon for
three days, he sald. Then they salled for
the Cameroon coast and began trawling
for prawns.

“The trawling was appalling.

“We caught about three tons of
prawns per boat, the same again of a
strange type of crab — I don’t even
know if it's edible.”

Mr Pedersen sald each trawler could
store between 60 and 55 tons of prawns
in its hold.

“But we ripped many nets, The crews
‘spent hours stitching therm.

“Sixty-six days later I was back In
Durban relieved to be home and safe,”
he sald. .

Aspokesman for Durban's fort office

sald it was illegal for a vessel to change

its port and country of origin without,

the permission of the “new” country.
“This ts the first I have heard of this,”

sald Mr Des Nel, chairman of the Natal

drawing Industries Association in Dur-
i.

Mr John Wiley, Minister of Environ-
ment Affatrs, said he had no personal
knowledge of the incident but was pre-
pared to make inquiries if necessary.

He confirmed that black African
countries frequently requested South
Africa to assist with research projects

, almed at determining their resource |

potentials, - -t



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

CHADIAN MILITARY TRAINING--The 3d Chadian commando batallion trained at
Kotakoli [military training center FBIS] became operational yesterday.

In fact, Major General Eluki Monga Awundu, Zairian chief of defense staff,
presented certificates to members of the batallion yesterday in the presence
of Citizen Mpambia Bekaja, MPR regional chairman and governor of Equateur.
[Text] [Kinshasa Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 1 Jun 85] ©

PRISONERS REPORTED STARVED--Seven political prisoners have starved to death
in a jail in eastern Zaire, apparently because the authorities did not feed
them, a Paris-based opposition group said today in a statement released
here. The statement by the New National Congolese Movement [Congolese
National Movement/Renewed] (MNCR) did not give the names of the seven, whom
it said had died on May 20 in the town of Lokandu. Zairian state has no
money to feed these prisoners," it said, adding that the prisoners had died
in a cell nicknamed "Zaire's paradise". The MNCR, headed by Zairian exile
Paul Roger Mokhede, added that it was "scandalous [transmission garbled]
should be dying of hunger in prison while [transmission garbled] to mark the
25th anniversary of Zairian independence. It added that it had called on
King Baudouin of Belgium, who is due to attend the anniversary ceremonies on
June 29 and 30, to seek assurances from President Mobutu that other
prisoners in Lokandu were properly cared for and that they would be released
immediately if possible. Before gaining independence in 1960, Zaire was
tie as the Belgian Congo. [Text] [Paris AFP in English 1440 GMT 20 Jun
85

SHABA CITIZENS DEMONSTRATE--Militants in the Shaba region yesterday vehe-
mently denouced the insulting and threatening statements made by Colonel al-
Qadhdhafi against the Zairian people and their beloved leader, Guide Mobutu
Sese Seko. In fact, a massive demonstration of anger against al~—Qadhdhafi
and a march of support for Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko took place at the
beginning of the weekend in Lubumbashi. At the end of this demonstration of
anger, Citizen Duga Kugbe Toro, regional chairman of the MPR and governor of
Shaba, at a mammoth rally assured Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko and the people
that the Libyan colonel's Machiavellian maneuvers will never have any place
in Shaba because of the vigilance and the war declared against all those
who, through their actions, might be found to be agents of al-Qadhdhafi.
[Excerpt] [Kinshasa Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 9 Jun 85]

113



JPRS~SSA-85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE REPLACEMENTS FOR VACANCY IN COUNCIL MENTIONED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 May 85 p 2

[Text] The death of the president of the white council
of ministers, Dr Nak van der Merwe, put the government
in a horrible dilemma.

The government will have to decide soon whether it will allow a leadership
struggle within the NP [National Party] to be unleashed over the vacant
post and whether it will appoint a reconciliatory figure to that post.

The last option, however, could lead to a permanent lowering of the status
of the office in question and could possibly even bring with it tension
on the part of the Colored and Indian parties.

With the inauguration of the constitution, Dr van der Merwe had been
appointed president of the council of ministers, although he had not
been regarded beforehand as having a claim to it. The government
decided to take that step to avoid a leadership struggle between the
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Pik Botha; the Minister of the Interior
and leader of the Transvaal NP, Mr F.W. de Klerk; and the Minister of
Constitutional Development, Mr Chris Heunis. Before the appointment of
Dr van der Merwe it was expected that the president of the council of
ministers would occupy a position second in political rank after the
State President.

That this had been the original intent can be seen from the fact that

the leaders of the majority parties in the Colored and Indian chambers
also serve as presidents of the respective councils of ministers. If
the NP decides to appoint again a less important cabinet member president
of the white council of ministers, this could lead to tension with the
Coloreds and Indians. They can easily say ‘that the government does not
attach great importance to the position, as is obvious from the appoint-
ments it makes.

Indications are that the government will decide, however, to appoint
again some kind of reconciliatory figure to that post. Political

observers are of the opinion that the government cannot now afford a
leadership struggle between Mssrs Botha, de Klerk and Heunis. There



JPRS~SSA~85-061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

"DAWIE" ON REASONS FOR BLACK UNREST
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 18 May 85 p 8

[Colum "From My Political Pen" by "Dawie": "Frustration Reason for the
Black Violence"]

[Text] In the search for reasons why black youths take part so readily
in the prevailing black unrest--it is as though violence always lay in
wait just under the surface--there is an ongoing theme. Frustration.

It is called "lack of prospects" or "need for a vision" or "disappointed
living expectations" or "no faith in the future," but all bear the same
stamp.

What causes the frustration and who should take the blame?

Almost everything bears some responsibility, and even our best intentions,
such as more education and other improvements, cannot be discounted. It
is above all young people who become impatient upon knowing what a better
life means but not seeing the chance to share in: tt.

Sore

Two black mothers recently told how their rebellious children think,
insofar as they can still ‘communicate with the children about these things.
It comes down to the fact that conditions in many black living areas are
not getting any better and that the children refuse to live with that.

Asked if they weren't afraid of getting hurt, the answer was: There is
no future in any case. And that is the feeling of hopelessness that agitators
fan and on which they live.

At a Cape symposium this week on urban unrest Mr. Timo Bezuidenhout, chief
commissioner of Cooperation and Development, made a similar diagnosis.

After the Crossroads disturbances (started by young: people) he wanted to
know from a group of juveniles why they sow so much destruction. The answer
was that "the white man's money, religion and education have put nothing

in our pockets." That's how young people without vision or faith in the
future talk, he says.

66



NEGOTIATIONS UNDERWAY TO REFINE NICKEL-COPPER IN ZIMBABWE

Bulawayo BUSINESS CHRONICLE in English 6 Jun 85 p 3

{Article by Jonathan Maphenduka]

[Text]

cso:

3400/461

NEGOTIATIONS are
under way between Zita
habwe and Botswana to
ve some of Botswana's

Zimbabwe.

The economic consultant
in the Ministry of Natitral
Resources and Water Affairs,
Mr Peter Freeman, saiq la:
week that Botswana produ
ed a high grade containing
80 percent. of a mixture of
copper, nickel and cobalt.

‘There were enough resery-
es of the metals at Sctebi-
Phikwe to carry operations
into the next century, Mr
Freeman said,

Botswana was nepotiating
wit. Zimbabwe for a 10-year
contract to refine some of the
country’s 500900 tonnes pro-
duced every year.

Tle saiq agreement would
enable Zimbabwe to re-open
Rio Tinto’s refinery at Eiffel
Flats to its maximum capa-
e the rest of the

‘y's production would
he sent
refining.

At preset Rotswana sends
the metals qo the United
States for refining by Amax

Ine which has an interest in;

the Selehi-Philwe mine.
Mr Ereeman said if Bo-
tswana ang Zimbahwe agreed

‘on ‘the processing of the *

metal, Amax would be asked
to cease refining.

The aickel-copper earns
Botswana $80 million a year

in foreign exchange at eur. '

rent iuternational market
prices. : '
Heanwhite, Botswana has

faunched a pilot plant to ex-
(ract chemicals from the
brines of the Suwa pan in
fhe country’s north-east dis-

kel-copper refined in’

to Norway for;

11

-is the

trict.

Mr Freeman said the pan
contained extensive —brines
from which soda ash ang salt
will be produced. Soda ash
ie product in the
production of glass and the
country hoped (o establish x

dustry to supply

The country continued pro-
speeting for gold, silver and
other hase minerals, and ex-

tensive coal reserves had
been found.
Although Botswana had

hoped to produce coat, which
Mr Freeman deserihed as
good quality hut not the
fest, tow world prices for
con! and high transport costs
forceg then to produce onty
for domestic needs.

Theenat Is heing mined at
MW rupitle where Botswana is
huilding a) thermal power
station al a enst of $2
million. The first stage of the
power station is due to be
commissioned next year.

The cowntey’s youngest
diamond mine, — Swareng,
about 120km to the west of
horone has pushed Bo
tswana to second place in the

world’s and production
clarts, according to Mr Free-
man,

Discovered in 1972. the
mine began production in
1982 and last year the mine

treated 5 million tonnes of
ore which yielded 7 451.235
carats at a arade of 149,02
carats per 100 tonnes.
Diamond production tas
increased steadily during the
past ten years. — from
2114000 carats in 1975 to
1214000 carats

Rotswana has large stock
piles of ore and in 1984 alone
853 324 tonnes were added.

last year,

JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

BOTSWANA



PROFILE OF NEW CHIEF OF DEFENSE, MAN HE IS SUCCEEDING
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Jun 85 p 9
{Article by Willem Steenkamp]

[Text]

IF YOU are one of those credulous souls who believes that all
army generals are stamped from the same mould, you have
never met. Lieutenant-General Jan Geldenhuys.

He will take over as Chief of the South African Defence Force on November 1 this
year. About the only outward resemblance between General Geldenhuys and the
man he will succeed, General Constand Viljoen, is that they are of medium height

and more or less of an age
geen is 52, Geldenhuys is
50).

Constand Viljoen is lean, die-
straight, blue of eye, firm of mouth
ae the quintessential fighting sol-

ier.

He seems to come into his own
when he is in the field, his folding-
butt Ré rifle slung over his shoul-
der, his dull brown nutria battle-
dregs faded to a workmanlike
paleness, his blue gunner’s beret
clinging squarely to his head and
virtually shouting defiance at any
agency — meteorological or mili-
tary — which might seek to dis-
lodge it.

Humour.

Somehow he always reminds
one of an unsheathed bayonet. It is
a false impression, because behind
it all lies a very keen mind versed
at all levels inthe grim but fasci-
nating arts of the profession of
arms ... and a good sense of hu-
mour which bursts out at inter-
vals.

To look at, Geldenhuys is as dif-

ferent from Viljoen as chalk from

cheese, Viljoen has a typical Afri-
kaner face, if there is such a thing.
Outfit him with a Mauser and a
bandolier and he would not be out
of place in any old sepia-toned
Anglo-Boer War photo, except that
he is shaven so clean that his chin
shines.

Geldenhuys, on the other hand, |

has a very Anglo-Saxon look about
him. His grey-blond hair is of
medium length and combed back,
whereas Viljoen’s is fairly short
and a crisp, premature white; and
he has a small, well-clipped mous-
tache. His eyes are green and
seem to peer into your soul.

He wears his uniform well, but
he is not one of those long-time
regular soldiers who looks uncom-
fortable in a three-piece business
suit — he has no trouble in assum-
ing what the Americans would call
the corporate image.

Formidable

Do not be fooled by that, howev-
er. Geldenhuys is a soldier of for-

midable talent and skill who has

had a hand in almost every SADF
combat activity since Operation

Savannah, the controversial incur- -_

sion into Angola in 1975/6.
At the same time he is the an-

tithesis of the military blowhard

so beloved of caricaturists.

A man’s nickname usually
says a lot about him. Gelden-
huys is known among his sub-
ordinates as “Jannie G”.
Others among his underlings ‘
— including even some fairl
cynical Citizen Force sok
diers — go even further and
actually call him “Baas Jan-:
nie”.

94

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Coming from thé Citizen
Force, many members of
which are notorious for bad-
mouthing the Permanent
Force and automatically dis-
like the red-tab “plastics”
from Pretoria, this says
* something.

Courtesy

* Part of it is his knack at
cementing personal relation-
ships. Face-to-face, he is
quiet and at times almost
self-effacing, and his courte-
sy to subordinates of all
ranks is proverbial.

He has a distinct aura of
power about him, but he does
not use it to browbeat or im-
ptess people. He might carry
a big stick, but he speaks soft-
ly always.

He has the ability to walk
with kings, as the saying
goes, without losing the com-

‘ mon touch. Like Viljoen, he
thinks constantly: of the men
and women under him, and
does not hesitate to go into
the field during an operation.

At the upper command
, levels Geldenhuys’s reputa-
, tion is based on more than
strictly military merit. He is
renowned as a manager in
crises as well as routine mat-
: ters.
He has an uncanny abilit
to enter into intricate negoti-


locally and sold. At the same time, two engineers from Grenoble will provide
on-the-scene supervision and training to the Congolese team. The team should be
able to assemble the parts provided by Symag and learn to adapt computer
programs to local needs. The duration of this phase of the transition: 2 years,
After which the French will return home, leaving Safir--which should employ
about 40 people by the third year of operations--completely in Congolese hands.

According to Christian Coeur, a Symag official, "this technology transfer is
going to permit engineers from the Congolese Data Processing Office, who are
already working on large computers, to experiment with the greater flexibility
of operations using microcomputers, which makes real decentralization possible,
It should help them advance their own data processing techniques in better
accord with local economic conditions."

The "Orchids" of Brazzaville

The "Orchids"--the microcomputers from Brazzaville--are in fact primarily
intended for problem sectors of the economy, where naturally they will be used
in management and accounting. Naturally? Well, almost: the "micros" are going
to be "juiced up," enhanced, adapted to tropical conditions, They will have
increased resistance to humidity, current regulators to absorb the frequent
voltage surges. And, too, there will be all the programs built into the
machine, which should be easy to operate, Symag guarantees that nonprogrammers
can achieve the same efficiency as experts. One can even dispense with a
keyboard, with the help of an optical crayon. A victory over illiteracy?

All these efforts to acquire new equipment should pay off. They already have,

since Symag has taken the market that the big companies have abandoned, Export
predictions testify to the optimistic hopes for the tropicalized "Orchid": 55

units to be exported in 1985, 90 in 1986 and 145 in 1987...

North-South Cooperation

This is the other aspect of the contract: exclusive rights to exportation of
roduction. For Safir, this area includes the Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, the CAR
Peenteat African Republic], Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Chad and Equatorial Guinea.

Whenever a company from one of these countries wants to buy a Symag
microcomputer, it will have to place its order in Brazzaville, not Grenoble,
According to Symag, "that is to avoid problems that have occurred in Cameroon,
A Japanese company had sold a manufacturing license, without the exclusivity
provision, to Cameroon and Nigeria. Because the Nigerian products were less
costly, they invaded the Cameroonian market."

For the moment, both partners are benefiting from the deal. The Congolese are
going to produce beautiful, brand-new microcomputers all by themselves. The
French, in exchange for giving up their marketing rights, will get royalties
proportional to Safir's turnover. The royalties are moderate, reflecting
symbolically the spirit of true North-South cooperation. Where else have we
heard of royalties being calculated in such a way as to provide the enterprise
enough money to begin its own research at the local level, so that eventually
it can develop its own products?

9516
cso + 3419/417

16



JPRS~SSA~85~-061
15 July 1985

NIGER

BRIEFS

CANADIAN BENINESE FOOD AID--Niamey, 6 Jun (AFP)--Canada will grant Niger in
1985-1986 financial assistance of 4.5 million Canadian dollars--that is more
than 1.5 billion CFA francs--to enable it to buy and distribute food items
to the people affected by the drought, it was learned officially on
Thursday. Canadian food aid to Niger totaled 5 million Canadian dollars
last year, it was indicated at the Canadian Embassy in Niamey. Meanwhile,
the Beninese Government has decided to donate 500 tons of cereals to Niger,
it was learned officially on Wednesday. [Text] [Paris AFP in French 0951
GMT 6 Jun 85]

COOPERATION TALKS WITH FRANCE--The 19th France-Niger Joint Cooperation Com-
mission meeting began this morning in Paris in the presence of Ide Oumarou,
our Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. In his address, Christian
Nucci, the French Minister of Cooperation and Development, stressed the
selflessness of General Kountche's African development policy, namely the
distribution of grains, the off-season agricultural program, [words indis-
tinct]. For his part, Ide Oumarou, recalled the.readiness of our country to
cooperate with and deepen the privileged links existing between Niger and
France, in view of the long-standing common history between the two
countries as well as their being members of the French-speaking community.
Mr Ide Oumarou also touched on the effects of the drought and desert
encroachment raging in our country for some time. {Text] [Niamey Domestic
Service in French 1900 GMT 5 Jun 85]

LIBYA BLAMED FOR RAID--Niger's head of state, Gen Seyi Kountche, in a speech
at Niamey on Sunday 3 June, publicly laid the blame for a commando raid on the
night of 29 May at Tchine-Tabaraden (500 kilometers to the northeast of
Niamey) on a People's Front for the Liberation of Niger based, he charged, in
Libya. According to the president, the 14 Tuaregs who made up the commando
group are natives of the region. "They were recruited and trained in Libya,"
he said, and they came here via Algeria. {Two of them are still at large, and
eight were captured by the Nigerien army. According to President Kountche, the
group commandeered weapons stored at Tchin-Tabaraden, more from the government
outpost at Abalak, and still more from the sub-prefecture facility at
Iferouane, 250 kilometers to the north of Agades. Once the group had arrived
there, a proclamation was to have been issued, and the original commando was
to have been reinforced by fresh military units. Cited as leaders of the front
by Gen Kountche were Abdoulaye Diori, son of former president Hamani Diori,
and Kamed Moussa, former principal secretary to Gen Kountche at the Defense
Ministry, who went into voluntary exile in Libya in August 1981. {Text ] {Paris
LE MONDE in French 6 Jun 85 p 5 (AFP)] 6182

cso: 3419/421
45



POLICE NOT TO USE SOFTER APPROACH IN RIOT CONTROL

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

SOPHISTICATED new equipment, in.
¢inding helicopters and water cannons,
recently acquired by the South African
Police did not mean that the police in-
tended implementing a “softer ap-
proach” to unrest control, a spokes-
man for the Minister said yesterday.

The spokesman confirmed that four
new helicopters had been bought from
an overseas country. He declined to
give details of the deal or to divulge
the name of the country which contra-
vened the international arms ban to
supply South Africa with new equip-
ment.

He said the acquisition of the heli-
copters was not the start of a “softer
approach” to unrest control, but sim-
ply meant that the South African
Police was “modernising and adapt-
ing” its approach.

“These helicopters are not gun-
ships. They will become the police’s
‘eye in the sky’ to assist in all forms of
crime control,” he said.

“The helicopters were not bought
specifically for use in unrest situations,
but to be used in general police ac-
tivities,” he added.

3400/454

90

‘The spokesman said that, contrary
to reports yesterday morning, the
water cannons were not bought over-
seas, but were in fact manufactured
locally.

“We manufactured the cannons
ourselves after studying modern tech-
nology in overseas countries,” he said.

The spokesman also denied that the
police intended introducing the use of
horses to prevent policemen from
coming into close contact with riot-
ers in unrest situations. This, he said,
would be impracticable.

Passive crowd
“The use of horses can be effective
if you are confronted with a passive
crowd. But it is not feasible to use
horses in the control of a hostile
crowd.
“Utter chaos could errupt if we tried

* to use horses in the control of rioting,

stone-throwing mobs.”

The Minister of Law and Order, Mr
Louis le Grange, gave details of new
riot control methods when he spoke at
a National Party regional conference
in Klerksdorp at the weekend.

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

MALAWI

BRIEFS

EEC AID--The EEC has approved aid worth 6 million kwacha to Malawi, to
finance the second stage of the Small Enterprise Development Organization of
Malawi (SEDOM), which is expected to start some time this year. Ina press
release in Lilongwe today, the delegation of the Commission of European
Communities in Malawi said 2.25 million kwacha of the money will be given as
a special loan, while the remaining 3.75 million kwacha will be given as a
grant. [Excerpt] [Blantyre Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 10 Jun 85]

CSO: 3400/463

28



CHIBI'S DROUGHT CURE COMPLETE

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 May 85 pg

[Text]

MASVINGO,
OHIBI district, Zimbabwe's worst
drought-stricken area: during the
past three yenra, is now back to

normal, the district administrator, *

Ode Stephen Chikasha, sald hera
yesterday.

Cde Chikasha said yesterday:
“The recovery is marvellous and
one cannot believe Ohibt was
nearly a desert a year ago”.

He said that despite] the hard-
ship suffered during the yearg of
drought. many people tn - Chibi
had learnt to conserve water and
pastures,

The drought also instilled in
he Je “a sense of collective
effort” ‘ag nvell 9s self-reliance
heonuse more than 300 women's
groups involving about 18 000

CSO: 3400/456

People mushroomed in this period.

he women. were engaged in
income-generating activities rang.
Ing from market gardening,
uniform making to poultry keep-
ing and made use of every drop
of water available, he said.

Oxfam (America) came to the
rescue of these women iby maklog
available $50000 for a revolving
fund and the women’s groups
were* still borrowing from this
fund, said Ode Chikasha,

“This year's harvest is heavy
and the Grain Marketing Board
bas allocated four — collective
depots in the district where crops
will be ferried to the main depot
in Masvingo,” he sald.

dle Chikasha afd several

128

JPRS~SSA~85-061

15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

food-for-work programmes which
were initiated during the drought
porlod were still in progress,
‘These included the construction of
a $200 000 weir over the Runde
River to supply ptped water to
the Berejena area,

He said more than 230 people
were working on dam construction
and rord maintenance in the
district.

To alleviate the water: short-
age and Increase reliability of
water supply, ho said, the Luthe-
ran World Federation had sunk
and fenced off 72 wells while
another 115 were under construc-
tion.

Meanwhile, nearly 247 bore-
holes were drilled in,the district
during the dry years, — giana.


JPRS~SSA~-85~-061
15 July 1985

BOTSWANA

EEC BEEF EXPORTS DISCUSSED
Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jun 85 p 4

[Text] Zimbabwe's prospects of entering the lucrative European Economic Com-
munity beef market was the main talking point at the annual congress of the
Cattle Producers' Association in Victoria Falls yesterday,

The congress was opened by the executive chairman of the Botswana Meat Com-
mission, Mr Ove Neilson, who welcomed the recent agreement between the Cold
Storage Commission and BMC to market beef in Western Europe on a joint basis.

This is the first major commercial agreement between corporations operating in
the SADCC countries.

Mr Neilson spoke of the complementary nature of the beef industries in both
countries and pointed out that the new marketing arrangement should make
"optimum use" of the long established and sophisticated BMC marketing infra-
structure in Western Europe,

It should bring substantial advantages in terms of the ability of the group to
negotiate a reduction in shipping, insurance and storage charges. .

Meat producers in Zimbabwe and Botswana were finding it increasingly diffi-
cult to maintain viability in the face of dumpings from the EEC,

Mr Neilson added: "I welcome the decision of the EEC to maintain the rights of
access to European markets by ACP countries in the Lome Three agreements,

"Zimbabwe's imminent entry to the European markets will open up new opportun-
ities for the country's beef producers and hold out the prospect of a restor-
ation of the domestic industry's profitability."

CSO: 3400/464

12



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CP, HNP COALITION IMMINENT
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 1 May 85 pp 1, 2,

[Text] Capetown--KP [Conservative Party] supporters
in Harrismith who accept their HNP [Herstigte Nationale
Party] allies against their will--and HNP die-hards
who just cannot fancy their KP wooers--will have to
reconcile themselves to the idea that today's
provincial interim election could perhaps be one of
the last times that the two far right parties

conspire as allies against the National Party. Soon
they probably will quarrel as one party.

A strong sign that a political marriage between the two far right parties
is imminent is the statement made by Dr Ferdi Hartzenberg, deputy leader
of the KP, this week during the election campaign in Newton park, Port
Elizabeth. He said that in reality the’KP and HNP have already decided
that’ there should be only one party on the right, and that it is so urgent
that, if he gets his way, it will happen before the end of this year.

Besides, Dr Andries Treurnicht and Mr Jaap Marais, respectively leaders
of the KP and HNP, also appeared together last week in Pretoria at a
protest meeting over the abolition of the law on immorality and on the
prohibition of mixed marriages law. The two parties are also partners
in the ‘Afrikaner National Guard.

Since the creation of the KP in 1982, the HNP has consistently sabotaged
attempts at rapprochement because the KP was not willing to change or
foreswear certain principles. Dr ‘Hartzenberg's statement that only a
few stiall differences--for instance over the Indians, for whom the KP
favors a homeland while the HNP says they should get only a limited
amount of self-government--stand in the way of a coalition and that the
differences can be settled, brings up the question of what party would
be willing to change its policy and principles to accommodate another
party.

Since its founding the HNP has been characterized by its perseverence
in the same straight political path and continuous adherence to its
principles. The Jaap Marais and HNP of 1985 are exactly the same as the
Jaap Marais and HNP of 1969.

56


NO OFFICIAL MOVE ON EXPORTS TO BOTSWANA

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jun 85

[Article by Andrew Rusinga]

[Text] sam ministry of ‘Trade

cso:

and Commerce said this
week it had not yet been
officially notified about
‘the demand by Botswana
employers that the
Gaborone government
should place restrictions
on imports from Zim-
babwe.

The demand was made
last week by the Bots-
wana Employers’ Federa-
tion, which called on the
government to introduce
fn 20 percent surcharge
on goods imported from
Zimbabwe and demanded
that Zimbabwean ex-
porters should first sub-
mit costings to Botswana
for approval.

‘The call was prompted °
by the ruling in the Zim- |

babwe-Botswana — trade
agreement that all im-
ports from Botswana
shoula have @ 26 percent
tocal content.

‘A! ministry spokesman
pointed out that Zim-
babwe had always had a
special relationship with
Botswana, but, to protect
its local industry, it had
‘een decided that all im-
ports should at least have
a 25 percent local con-
tent. Observers have
noted that particularly in

the case of textiles, very |

little processing is ac-
tually done in Botswana.
“Until we receive some-
thing official from the
government we cannot
comment because this is
,eoming ‘from employers
‘and not the government,”

3400/466 ©

said the ministry spokes-
‘man.

A. top-level Botswana
government delegation
‘wag in Harare in March
ifor discussions with the
Government in a bid to
‘nerealse textile and cloth-
‘ing: exports to Zimbabwe.
‘But local sources were
; doubtful that the Bats-
‘wana, would succeed.

A spokesman at the
Botswana mission in
Harare sald this week his
‘government wags still
{waiting for an ‘answer
‘from the Ministry of
(Trade and Commerce on
iproposals made at the
arch meeting.

' The employers’ federa-
tion sal Zimbabwe's
measures woujd throttls
about 80 percent of Bots-
‘wana’s clothing and tex-
tile firms and questioned

why Zimbabwe In-.

troduced such measures
when it enjoyed a trade
surplus of about $50 mii-
on in 1984,

| ‘The BEF sald negotia-
itions on trade issues had
(been going on for many
|years between the two
‘countries, and because
matters are growing
from: fbad to worse every
day,” it was essential
‘that Botswana also in-
‘ troduce measures if both
| countries were committcd
to co-operate.

+ @ Zimbabwe wil be
among 11 international

125

exhibitors: at the
Gaborone International
Fai which opens in the
Botawana eapital on July
B31, Zimbabwe hag deen
‘alioented = 162 square
metres in the  54ha
Gaborone showground,

@ An officiny with Bots-
wana's Ministry of Works
and Communications s1ys
any suggestion that Pots-
wana teted with malice
in awarding a, $24 million
contract for the supply of
Jocomotives to a Ca
dian company

Zimbabwe — is

without foundation

Botswana Ratlvay pro-
ject co-ordinator, Mr Sat.
ish Shankar, wag ccm-
menting on ‘a repor' in
‘The Businens Ferald_tast
month which sotd Bots-
wana's decision to buy
the locomotives front
Canada and not front
local Zeco Lta bad upset
government and industry
circles in Zimbabwe.

Mr Shankar told our
Bulawayo correspondent.
that Genera] Motors had
won the tender because
their dicael locomotiv>
hod a long preven. record
of service in African cun-
ditions, The Canadians
had also included In the
package deal a loar: Bots-
wana could not refuse.

“Zeco has never manv-
factured diesel
locomotives and  Bots-.
wana cannot afford to”
pay so much for an ex-
periment in manufac-
turing,” the official said.

IJPRS~SSA-85~-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

"Business Herald" Supplement p 1



JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

ZAIRE

EX-PRIME MINISTER CALLS FOR UNITY TO DEMOCRATIZE REGIME
Brussels LA LIBRE BELGIQUE in French 5 Jun 85 p6

[Text] At a press conference to introduce his latest book, "Un Avenir pour le
Zaire" [A Future for Zaire] (150 pp, 420 Belgian francs, Edition Vie Ouvriere,
Brussels), Nguza Karl-I-Bond said:

"after 4 years in voluntary exile, it seemed to me that it was time to analyze
the political, economic, and social situation in Zaire and to present, in the
light of this objective examination, some practical alternative proposals
designed to mesh with the actual state of affairs in the country."

Severe. Objective this diagnosis certainly is. It is also very severe in its
criticism of the system. Nguza Karl-I-Bond makes much of the point that he
has long believed that the system can be rectified from the inside, and that
that is why, until 1981, he was willing to shoulder major responsibilities:
at that point he found that he had been mistaken, and as a result suffered the
trials and tribulation we all remember, including a sentence to death.

The former prime minister feels today, however, that the people of Zaire need
only be made aware that their country's poverty is not predestined and that,
on the contrary, it depends on each and every one of them , at long last, to
channel the considerable strengths available to them into achieving what other
nations have managed to achieve.

"There can be no liberty in poverty, any more than there can be democracy
without freedom," says the former prime minister as he advocates a serious
quest for patterns of democracy compatible with Zaire's cultural and
historical background. He underscores the absolute priority that must go to
restoring morality in public life and, to do that, he proposes, for one thing,
radical reform in the school system. He ascribes equal importance to paying
government officials enough for them and their families to live on, without
being forced into the corruption inevitable under present conditions.

Strong Regime
His process will thus work through establishment of new institutions. At this

level, the former premier admits that for a while the country will have to be
governed by a "strong regime," but one oriented primarily toward total renewal

109



ZAIRE

JPRS~SSA~85~061
15 July 1985

PEASANTS REPORTED HEADING BACK TO FARM

Lubumbasi MJUMBE in French 1-2 Jun 85 p 3
[Article by Mfuamba Tambue ]

[Text] Kipushi:--During our recent stay in Kipushi, we had a conversa-

tion with the commissioner of this zone, Citizen Mwema wa Bwando.
We learned during our talk that Kipushi's peasants have come home
en masse in time to plow and plant crops for this year. Unlike
what they did in years past, this time they seem to have grasped
the fact that only agriculture has always guaranteed a healthy
economy in rural areas. This reawakening of consciousness has,
in the end, proved salutary. The proof? Acreage cultivated this
year in the zone as a whole is just about twice what it was last
year.

In this particular agricultural picture, Citizen Mwema's report
. shows that there are 7,562 farmers working the land in his zone.
Thus far this year, they have planted 3,372 hectares of maize,
1,248 hectares of manioc, 1,616 hectares of haricot beans, 1,362

hectares of sweet potatoes, 883 hectares of sorghum, and 224
hectares of potatoes. In all, that comes to 10,741 hectares of
crops planted.

Thanks to these results, Citizen Mwema told us, Kipushi this year
can handily supply all the major consumer markets the same way
the other growing centers in’ Shaba do. His report also notes
that this administrative entity (Shaba) has five market centers
for farm produce. They are located at Kipushi, Sambwa, Tumbwe,
Kawama, and Lumata.

Despite this showing, the zone commissioner waxes indignant at the
behavior of farmers in general. It is not very often, he says,
that they manage to set asidé a little bit of their harvest. In
other words, these peasants look forward to selling their entire
crop for cash to spend on their immediate needs. As if they ne-
ver gave a thought to their future. That's what they do with the
maize crop, which is harvested and sold before it is properly
ripe.

111



ZIMBABWE

Nkomo Accuses Government.of Violating Constitution

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 85)........ccececeee

Apex Moves First To Cut South African Links

(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85)..sccecsececcccecces

Policies of Radio Truth Uncovered

(Stephen McQuillan; SUNDAY STAR, 2 Jun 85)

Security Detention Order on Sithole

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 85).cccsseccccevcccceevvccesevccees

Mangwende Speaks on Goals of Soldier, Diplomats

(THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85)...ccscccccacececeeccccccscccccens

First Woman Paratrooper

(THE CHRONICLE, 30 May 85)......cceccccesecccesccceeuces

Government Announces Salary, Wage Increments
(THE CHRONICLE, 6 Jun 85).........000000

“No Official Move on Exports to Botswana

(Andrew Rusinga; THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85).......eeecececece

Trade Contacts With Zaire To Begin

(THE CHRONICLE, 6 Jun 85)......cceeeccccccecececceeeenee

Oil Exploration Company Registered in Bulawayo
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 May 85).......

Chibi's Drought Cure Complete

(THE HERALD, 31 May 85).......ceccsccceeccecceeccecceucs

Professional Tobacco Men Praised

(THE HERALD, 31 May 85)...ccecccccccceseseveccececcceeee

Prominent Tobacco Farmer Gives Views on Mugabe

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 85)....cccecceeccecceecseucescceecs

Terminal To Improve NRZ Cargo Handling

(THE CHRONICLE, 25 May 85)..ccccceccececcccsccecsccececs

SADCC Picks Country for Forestry School

(THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85).....cccccceccccecccccecececvcvces

Chitepo Calls for Conservation Revolution

(THE HERALD, 6 Jun 85)....cceceececeeceees

115

116

117

119

120

122

123

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133



TRANSKEL FINANCES ON VERGE OF COLLAPSE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Jun 85 p 8

[Text]

4 yt WARNING by Transkei Auditor
General Mr Jiyana Maqubela that the
country’s financial administration was
hanging by a thread that could snap
any day, though disturbing, does not
come as a surprise.

Last year the South African tax-
payer — through the Government —|
forked out a cool R616 082 000 to
keep the Transkei on its feet.

Direct assistance in the form of bud-
getary assistance, technical assistance, |
Loan Fund and the incentive scheme
amounted to R15im.

Transkeians working in South Af- |
rica contributed more than R85m
while custom unions and Rand Mone-
tary Estimates amounted to more than.
R300m. .

In his report to the Transkei govern-
ment’s 19 ministries, released in the
National Assembly last week, Mr Ma-

; qubela said he had warned in previous
: Feports that a decline in the perfor-

mance of accounting officers signified

. acollapse in financial administration.

Laxity in accounting

Mr Maqubela said he was perturbed
to note that there was a laxity in ac-
counting for advances and travelling
expenses, and amounts involved
ranged between R36 000 and

cso: 3400/454

R63 000.
| His report showed that the total un-
authorised expenditure for all 19 de-
partments was R13 759 846, *

It also showed that the State debt-as
at March 31, 1984, was R26 752 152
—an increase of R3,8-million over the
previous year’s figures.

“Valiant efforts by the treasury to
bolster the tottering edifice of finan-
cial administration of Transkei have
not borne fruit due to indifference on
the part of accounting officers,” Mr
Maqubela said.

The payments to the Transkei were
debated during the Foreign Affairs
Department debate, because Trans-
kei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and the
Ciskei are “independent” states.

Last year Transkei made an additio-
nal loan of R4 512 000 for a job cre-
ation venture.

Through the Department of Co-op-
eration and Development budget the
taxpayer paid an additional R1-billion
to the “self-governing States” of Kwa-
Zulu, KaNgwane, KwaNdebele, Le-
bowa, Gazankulu and QwaQwa.

Last year the Ciskei was sharply
criticised for its plans to build a R25m
airport, when there was an existing
airport at East London — within a ra-
dius of 30 kilometres. .

88

JPRS~SSA~85~061

15 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Last year R305 500 000 was paid to
the Ciskei in budgetary assistance.
R120-million was paid in terms of a
.three year agreement signed at inde-
| pendence.

A top official of the Foreign Affairs
: Department visited Ciskei to discuss
tthe homeland’s mismanagement of
| funds. Last year there were allegations
jin Bophuthatswana of the theft of
-more than R13-million from the Bo-
phuthatswana government.

Arid last year a top-secret report
was leaked to the Press. The Venda
‘ government was facing claims totalling
R350-million.

When various joint ventures be-
tween the Venda Development Cor-
poration and the Venda government
members faced-collapse through mis-
management, the VDC refused to res-
cue them with additional loans.

‘The purchase of flashy cars by both
President Lucas Mangope and Presi-
dent Patrick Mphephu, paints a real
grim picture of the financial ineptitude
of the homeland leaders.

Considering that the salary of sec-
onded officials in the homelands
amount to R31 500 000, it is a high
price we have to pay for the Sebes of
this world.


centuries has been based on services, and we also [words indistinct] land-
locked countries of southern Africa [words indistinct] ports of Nacala,
Beira, Maputo. Fantastic ports. You have migrant laborers who are working
in South African mines as a result of [words indistinct] to both countries.
So I think if you take the combined total, I would have to be very opti-
mistic, quite frankly. So, in terms of capital flow, yes, there are people
outside, especially in the United States, who are very much interested in
Mozambique. There have been companies coming despite the current situation.
[end recording]

Constructive engagement appears to be the inwords being used more and more
by American policy makers these days. How do you, as the U.S. ambassador to
Mozambique, see the principles of constructive engagement being applied in
the subcontinent of southern Africa?

[Begin de Vos recording] Well, I would say the policy's basic principle is
you have to talk and that is what constructive engagement is all about.

You cannot isolate people and expect to bring them into a process, and so I
think the basic part of constructive engagement is talking to all sides.
Chester Crocker, who as you know is the Assistant Secretary of State for
African Affairs in Washington, I am sure would much prefer to stay home with
his family. He has a wife and children and he would much prefer, especially
at times like Christmas and holidays, to stay home with his family, rather
than fly around airplanes to southern Africa. Frank Wisner is another.
Frank Wisner, of course, is Chet's deputy, and I am sure they would much
prefer and the whole team of American diplomats involved in this would much
prefer to stay around and be home, but they are not. They are very much
involved in trying to bring a lasting, a real and lasting peace to southern
Africa, to end the violence that we talked about, to bring independence to
Namibia, and to work out the solutions for places like Mozambique, and
hopefully, for Angola. And this is really what constructive engagement is
all about. If we are told to go home, believe me we will go home. As I
say, Chet and Frank and others would love to be with their families, but
they are devoted to this thing, and nobody has asked us to go home and I
think that is what is so terribly important. There is, of course, a lot of
public rhetoric, and sometimes we will hear some very strong criticism of
what is called constructive engagement, but believe me, privately, whenever
we ask people do you want us to go home?, they say "on the contrary.

You are doing a great job, keep after it." [end recording]

Of course, many people throughout the world are saying that the latest
American policy of constructive engagement is just a ploy in Mozambique and
that all the United States really wants is to shape up against Soviet Union
competition in this part of the world.

[Begin de Vos recording] I don't. I wouldn't really put it in that con-
text. I think that is probably the wrong way of doing it. I think that you
should not look at southern Africa in East-West terms, and certainly we do
not in most cases. There is no question about the situation in Angola with

33



MANGWENDE SPEAKS ON GOALS OF SOLDIER, DIPLOMATS

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Jiin 85 p 4

[Text]

-be solved faster if

DIPLOMATS © end sol-
ders have | com-
plementary roles to play
defence of national
freedom, endence
and sovereignty,
ister of Foreign Affairs,
Dr Witness Mangwende,
gaid in Harare yesterday.
‘Lecturing to senior of-
ficers at the Zimbabwe
National Army Staff Col-
lege .on the country's
position on major inter-
national issues, he said:
“While you and the men
under your commands are
charged with the physical
protection of these noble
ideats, the same deals for
which we committed our-
selves to a_ lo and
arduous war of liberation,
we in the diplomatic
corps have been charged
with the defence of these
game: concepts from the
often unscrupulous ef-
forty of other nations
that would seek to under-
mine our freedom and im-
pose their own will upon

‘us,’

Military chiefs often
complained of constant
interference from — the
politicians saying, “our
duty is to fight and win

Jn almost every case of
warfare soldiers often
felt thet conflicts ould

e
politicians would stick to
their speechmal and
left the fighting to the
soldiers.

While he sympathised

e Min--

with such sentiments,
Cde Mangwende said the
whole concept of war and

armed warfare was 2°

“Indeed

complex one,

. given. the fact that the

tise of force or the threat
of the use of force ts now
widely accepted a8 am in-
tegral
temporary internattonal
relations, warfare hag in-
creasing ya Lies ue
highly political concept
ga Pivag because In
most case, nations
regorted to mrmed con-
flict ‘because of political
differences which
“eventually have to be
rettled by the politicians
or other lesignated
agents, through negotia-
tions”, he said.

‘The’ minister sald thot
a well-disclplined ond
strong army was essco-
tial to any. country “but
its main role must tbe de-
fensive and protective
rather than offensive and
apgressive”.

During the Mberation
way the pofitical leaders
of the nationalist
movement were not cny
supporting the military
offensive against the for-
mer colonial oppressers
but also many of them
had fought in the bush.

“But we are no longer n
liberation movement. We
are now @ fully and
legally constituted
government, with respon-
sibility for oll the people
of our country,

“From the very

120

component of con- |.

moment of our  in-
dependence our roles
changed from ‘an offen-
sive, aggressive effort to

achieve that which was,

rightfully ours, to ever-
watchful _ energetic
fence of that which we
achieved,” he sald.
But victory tiad not
becn an end in itself, as
the country had enemies,
“both within and without,
whio are prepared to go
to any lengths fo under-
mine our security and
internal stability”.
Zimbabwe adliered
strietty to the Brineiples
‘of positive non-alignment,

“Wo have chosen to fol- :

de- |

low a middle, but by no,

meang neutral, course he-
tween the super ers,

“We view non-align-
ment. ag an extremely
progressive method of
overcoming the negative
results of power-block
rivalry.” Zimbabwe #p-
proached the issue of
non-alignment fervently
to the surprise of friends
and foes ailke,

“All of them have now
learnt never to under-
estimate the meaning to
us of the concept. of
sovereignty and freedom
nor the extent to which
we will go and the sac-
rifices we will make in

order to defend those
concepts.”
On the internattonat

situation, he saié South
Africa herd actopted a co-
ordinated policy of brute

JPRS~SSA-85~-061
15 July 1985

ZIMBABWE


cso:

3400/450

‘tions sought to find one ai

“Sout

“ations, isolate the real probe
em |

lems and either solve
with an incisive decision or,
lead the participants to.con-;

sensus. :

Delicate

He does not achieve this by
eloquence; he is not a re-
nowned public speaker. In
public he speaks slowly and
at times almost hesitantly.
But people listen, because
what Geldenhuys says is usu-
ally worth listening to.

Geldenhuys, the crisis
manager, was at his best last
year when South Africa and
‘Angola started to negotiate
the withdrawal from Angola.
He played a leading role in
the very delicate talks at Lu-
saka on February 14 which
resulted, against many odds,
in the birth of the Joint Moni-
toring Commission, and his
performance during the diffi-
‘cult early months of the JMC
followed on. ‘

At various times the JMC,
seemed to be on the point of
foundering as the two delega-;

other theough amaze of poli-,
tical and military problems, |
and om would reign in the.
th African camp.

Magical |

‘Then Jannie G would heli-'
copter in with his entourage, |
urbanely smooth out the im-

‘mediate problems and hell-

copter out again. At times it
seemed a little like magic.
‘That is Jan Geldenhuys the
general. Jan Geldenhuys the
man is just as interesting.

He has an extraordinary
ability for applying the old
military maxim “on parade,
on parade; off parade, off
parade”, He can walk out of
some exhausting, earth-shak-
ingly important meeting and
sit down placidly to a couple
of hands of bridge or poker.

He is also a man of books,
and not just military text-
books either. Among other
things he collects the works
of the Hungarian humorist
George Mikes; he has also
authored two well-received
children’s books, and it would
seem he is not yet written
out.

He is a humorist in his

* own right, and likes to tell |
stories against himself about

his truly uncanny resem-
blance to Springbok bowler
Doug Watson. The best of
=} these, however, comes from
another source, and is about
the time he arrived at De-
fence Headquarters in civ-
vies and was asked to identi-

fy himself to the sentry atthe

gate.

To his embartassment
Geldentuys found he did not
have his identification with
him, but — game to the end
— told the sentry: “I'm Gen-
eral Geldenhuys, the Chief of
the Army”.

“No, you're not”, the sentry
replied, “you look more like
Doug Watson”, and refused to
let him in.

Geldenhuys took it in good
part — and fater awarded the
sentry with a spot of leave
for standing his ground.

Another time (so I have it
from an authoritative source)
Geldenhuys was at some
high-powered cocktail party
or other. Bored, no doubt —
or possibly irritated by all
the high-flown sentiments be-
ing expressed - he asked the
assembled brass-hats:

“What’s the difference be-
tween the Army and a cir-
cus?”

“Thé Army's got more
tents”, he sald, and hooted
with laughter.

It could be that both these
stories are apocryphal. On
the other hand, I wouldn't lay

“money on it. Jannie G is just
- not your average predictable
brass hat.

95



If peace had to come to the country what would be the situation regarding
trade?

[Begin da Silva recording] Well, peace is the main question of Mozambique
and I do not think only in Mozambique but in the region, because peace in
Mozambique is linked to the peace in the region. And what will happen is
the armed bandits will be defeated and then destroyed. With that unity,
for instance, the level of exports of Mozambique could be redoubled, almost
redoubled, and the level of the goods transported through the rails and
Mozambican ports also will be much, much bigger than now, and this, will
mean foreign exchange for the country, and this will mean more development,
and this will mean more cooperation with other regions and those countries
that are in the region. [end recording]

The United States has become more involved in the subcontinent in terms of
its constructive engagement policy. What is your attitude toward this
policy, especially in regard to your own country, Mozambique?

[Begin da Silva recording] Everything that is done for peace in the region,
we support and we support because this [passage indistinct],

CSO: 3400/458

36