### UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENC Y

WASHI N GTON

, DC 20460

OFF I CE OF C H EMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUT I ON PREVENTION



### PC Co de: 12893 

### l

DP Barcode : 422305
Date: March 24, 20 1 6



### MEMORANDUM



### S ubj ec t:

To:



### From:

Through: 

### Adde ndum to D icamba Di glyco lamin e (DGA) Sa l t an d 

### it s D egradate

, 3

, 6- 

### dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) 

### Section 3 

### Risk Assessment: Refined En dan ge r ed Species Assessment for Prop osed New Uses on Herbicide-Tolerant Cotton and Soybean in 7 U.S. States (Alabama

, Georgia, Kentucky

, Michigan

, North

Caro li na , So uth Caro lin a, a nd Texas)

Grant Rowland, Ri sk Manager Reviewer

Ka thr yn Montague

, Product Manager Team 23

Dan Kenny

, Br anch Chief

H erb i c id e Br anch

Pesticide R egistratio n Di v i s i on (7505P)

Office of Pest icid e P ro g ram s

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# h-tt I 

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E li zabeth Donovan

, Biologist

# ~**~** Mic ha e l Wagman, B i ologist ' /VYl/"'•-Jfl/'1---

_ - 

### Monica Wait, Risk Assessment Pro cess Leader

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Env ironn 1ental Risk Branch 6
Environmental Fate and Effects Di visio n (7507 P )

Of fic e of Pesticide Programs**~**



### Mar k Co rbin

, Branch C hi ef 

# r**~ J-1,~**  -\ {,

Env ironm ental Risk Branch 6 

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Envi r onmen t a l Fate and Effects Division (750 7P )

Office of P esticide Programs

Prior to conducting this refined Endange r ed Species Assessme n t

, the Environmen t al Fate and
Effe cts Div i sion (EFE D ) performed a screening l evel eco l og i ca l risk assessme nt fo r a Federa l2 

### action involving proposed new uses of the diglycolamine salt of dicamba (dicamba DGA) on dicamba herbicide

- tolerant soybean on March 8, 2011 (DP 378444); an amendment to the assessment was issued on May 20, 2014 (DP 40 4138, 404806, 405887, 410802, and 411382). Concurrent with this refined Endangered Species Assessment, a Section 3 New Use dicamba
DGA salt on dicamba

- tolerant cotton screening

- level assessment (DP 404823) and a subsequent
addendum (DP 426789) that addres ses multiple issues (spray drift buffers, runoff, risk to
terrestrial invertebrates and updated mammalian toxicological endpoints for parent dicamba and its degradate, DCSA) have been finalized . In the screening level risk assessment, potential direct
risk concerns could not be excluded for:

• mammals (chronic , from the soybean use only, due to residues from dicamba’s metabolite, DCSA, rather than from parent dicamba );

• birds (acute from parent dicamba for both soybean and cotton uses; chronic from DCSA

resi dues only in soybean but not in cotton ), considered surrogates for reptiles, and

terrestrial

- phase amphibians; and

• terrestrial plants (soybean and cotton uses)

In the screening level risk assessment s , indirect effect risk concerns for all taxa were poss ible for any species that have dependencies (e.g., food, shelter, and habitat) on mammals, birds, reptiles,
terrestrial

- phase amphibians, or terrestrial plants. Additionally, the screening level assessment s showed that direct risk concerns were unlikely ( i .e. levels of concern were not exceeded) for:

• mammals (acute) and (chronic

— for the cotton use only) ;

• birds, reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibians (chronic from parent dicamba or DCSA degradate from use on cotton );

• terrestrial insects (acute and ch ronic) ;

• freshwater fish (acute and chronic) ;

• aquatic

- phase amphibians (acute and chronic);

• estuarine/marine fish (acute and chronic);

• freshwater invertebrates (acute and chronic); estuarine/marine invertebrates (acute and chronic); and

• aquatic plants 1



### EPA has a specific process based on sound science that it follows when assessing risks to listed species for pesticides like dicamba that will be used on seeds that have been genetically modified to be tolerant to the pesticide. The Agency begins with a screening level assessment that
includes a basic ecological risk assessment based on its 2004 Overview of the Ecological Risk

1 The listed species LOC was exceeded for non

- vascular aquatic plants , however there are no listed species of this taxa.3 

### Assessment Process document. [USEPA, 2004 , available at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/litstatus/riskasses.htm ]. That assessment uses broad default assumptions to establish estimated environmental concentrations of particular pesticides. If the screening level assessment results in a determination that no levels of concern are
exceeded , EPA concludes its analysis. On the other hand, where the screening level assessment
does not rule out potential effects (exceedances of the level of concern) based on the broad default assumptions

, EPA then uses increasin gly specific methods and exposure models to refine
its estimated environmental concentrations . At each screening step, EPA compares the more refined exposures to the toxicity of the pesticide active ingredient to determine whether the pesticide exceeds lev els of concern established for listed aquatic and terrestrial species. EPA determines that there is “no effect” on listed species if, at any step in the screening level assessment, no levels of concern are exceeded. If, after performing all of the steps i n the screening level assessment, a pesticide still exceeds the Agency’s levels of concern for listed species, EPA then conducts a species

- specific refined assessment to make effects determinations for individual listed species. The refined assessment, un like the screening level assessment, takes account of species’ habitats and behaviors to determine whether any listed species may be affected by use of the pesticide.

The screening level ecological risk assessment generates a series of taxonomic (e.g., m ammals, birds, fish, etc.) risk quotients (RQs) that are the ratio of estimated exposures to acute and chronic effects endpoints. These RQs are then compared to EPA established levels of concern (LOCs) to determine if risks to any taxonomic group are of c oncern. The LOCs address risks for both acute and chronic effects. Acute effects LOCs range from 0.05 for aquatic animals that are Federally

- listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) to 0.5 for aquatic non

- listed animal species and 0.1 to 0.5 for terrestrial animals for listed and non

- listed species. The LOC for chronic effects for all animal taxa (listed and non

- listed) is 1. Plant risks are handled in a similar manner, but with different toxicity thresholds (NOAEC/EC 05 

### and EC 25, 

### respect ively) used in RQ calculation for listed and non

- listed species and an LOC of 1 used to interpret the RQ. When a given taxonomic RQ excee ds either the acute or chronic LOC a concern for direct toxic effects is identified for that particular taxon. If RQs f all below the LOC, a no effect determination is identified for the corresponding taxon.

The purpose of this document is to explain the refined risk assessment conducted for Federally

listed threatened or endangered (listed) species that could potentially be impacted by this pesticide registration. The refined assessment was conducted based on the 2004 Overview
document

, as discussed above. The assessment of risks to listed species posed by the use of Dicamba DGA has been conducted in phases covering a spec ific set of states, assessing risk to all the listed species covered in those states. This assessment covers the endangered species analysis for 7 states: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina
and Texas . Based on EFED’s LO CATES v.2.4.0 database and information from the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS)

, 307 species in the 7 states proposed for registration were identified as within the action area (at a preliminary county

- wide level of resolution) associated
with the n ew herbicide

- tolerant soybean and cotton uses. Table 1 presents a summary of this assessment. Separate concurrent assessment phases cover the endangered species analysis for 16 states ( D 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 co vering AR, IL, IA, IN, KS, LA,4 

### MN, MS, MO, NE, ND, OH, OK, SD, TN and WI) and 11 states (D425049 covering AZ, CO, DE, FL, MD, NM, NJ, NY, PA, VA and WV).

EPA consulted U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Plans to determine whether listed species in these states would be expected to occur in an action area encompassing the treated soybean and corn fields. The refined assessment was then conducted on those species that could
not be excluded from the action area. EPA also consulted the recovery plans in the refined

asse ssment for additional habitat information and incorporated species biological information regarding dietary items (used to model dicamba DGA residues in prey tissue) and body weight (used to determine food consumption rates and scale ecotoxicity data from the tested surrogate species, the bobwhite quail and rat, to the body weight of the listed species). The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed an endangered species risk
assessment for Alabam a, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Ca rolina, South Carolina, and Texas in support of registering dicamba diglycolamine ( DGA ) salt on herbicide

- tolerant cotton and soybean in these states. Table 1 presents a summary of the assessment.

Table 1. Summary of species effects determinations and c ritical habitat modification
determinations for Federally threatened or e ndangered s pecies in A labama, G eorgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas for dicamba DGA use on genetically modified cotton and s oybeans

.

Species Effects D etermination Comments
Eskimo Curlew May Affect, N ot Likely to Adversely Affect Found in 24 counties ( 23 in
Nebraska and 1 in Texas ) All other species (terrestrial and aquatic) No effect None

Critical Habitat Modification Determination Comments
All Crit ical Habitats (11 8 species) No Modification None

Making an Effects Determination

The bullets below outline EFED’s process for making an effects determination for the Federal
action:

• For listed individuals inside the action area but NOT part of an affec ted taxa NOR relying on the affected taxa for services (involving food, shelter, biological mediated resources necessary for survival/reproduction), use of a pesticide would be determined to have NO

EFFECT.

• For listed individuals outside the action area, u se of a pesticide would be determined to have

NO EFFECT.5 

### • Listed individuals inside the action area may either fall into the NO EFFECT or MAY AFFECT (LIKELY or NOT LIKELY TO ADVERSELY AFFECT) categories depending upon their specific biological needs, circum stances of exposure, etc.

• LIKELY or NOT LIKELY TO ADVERSELY AFFECT determinations are made using the following criteria:

o Insignificant

- The level of the effect cannot be meaningfully related to a “take.”

o Highly Uncertain

- The effect is highly u nlikely to occur.

o Wholly beneficial

- The effects are only good things.

Spray Drift Mitigation

EFED ’s refined endangered species risk assessment took into account the spray drift mitigation language that has been added to the most recent proposed label s ubmitted by the regitstrant . An accounting of federally

- listed threatened or endangered species within the 7 states (covered in this assessment) proposed for dicamba DGA use on genetically modified cotton and soybeans is
included in Appendix 1 (307 specie s)

. Specifically, the spray drift mitigation language on the M1691 Herbicide Supplemental labels for the use dicamba DGA salt on ROUNDUP READY 2 XTENDTM soybean and BOLLGARD II ® 

### XTENDFLEX cotton includes the following
limitations:

• Specifying the use of a nozzle (Tee Jet® TTI11004) with ASABE S

- 572 ultra

- coarse and extremely coarse droplet spectra and a maximum operating pressure of 63 psi.

• A maximum equipment ground speed of 15 miles per hour and ground boom height of 24 inches above the target pest or c rop canopy.

• Restricting all applications when wind speeds are < 3 mph or > 15 mph and restricting applications when wind is blowing towards sensitive areas at > 10 mph. Maintaining use
of a 110 foot in

- field buffer for a 0.5 lb a.i./A application (220 foo t in

- field buffer for a 1 lb a.i./A application) when the wind is blowing towards any areas that are not fields in crop cultivation, paved areas, or areas covered by buildings and other structures.

• Applications done in low relative humidity conditions ar e to use equipment set to produce larger droplet spectra to compensate for evaporation.

• Applications are not be conducted during temperature inversions. species action NO EFFECT NO EFFECT or MAY A FFECT

(LAA/NLAA ) MAY AFFECT6 

### • In order to prevent effects to non

- target susceptible plants, the label also includes the following l anguage: “ do not apply under circumstances where spray drift may occur to food, forage or other plantings that might be damaged or the crops thereof rendered unfit for sale, use or consumption. Avoid contact of herbicide with foliage, green stems,

exp osed non

- woody roots of crops, and desirable plants, including beans, cotton, flowers, fruit trees, grapes, ornamentals, peas, potato, soybean, sunflower, tobacco, tomato, and other broadleaf plants because severe injury or destruction may result,
includin g plants in a greenhouse. Applicators are required to ensure that they are aware of the proximity to sensitive areas, and to avoid potential adverse effects from the off

target movement of M1691 Herbicide. The Applicator must survey the application site for neighboring sensitive areas prior to application. The applicator also should consult sensitive crop registries for locating sensitive areas where available.”

• Finally, in order to prevent unintended damage from the drift of M1691 Herbicide, the
label sa ys not to apply this product when the wind is blowing towards adjacent commercially grown sensitive crops.

The incorporation of the spray drift mitigation measures into the product labeling as outlined above would result in exposure to dicamba DGA from spray drift at a level where effects are expected only within the confines of the treated field and so the action area is limited to the dicamba DGA treated field. Further, the incorporation of the “susceptible plants” spray drift mitigation language on t he label is to avoid damage to these plants (including adjacent crops). Because the risk assessment interprets the threshold for plant damage concern to be based on the most sensitive plant species tested and the screening level ecological risk assessment has demonstrated that these plant effects endpoints constitute the most conservative terrestrial organism levels of effect, it is concluded that the “susceptible plants” requirement requires a level of drift mitigation that would also prevent less sensitiv e organisms from being exposed at levels of concern. Terrestrial species that are not expected to occur on treated fields under the provisions of the proposed label are not expected to be directly exposed to dicamba DGA, nor are their critical biologicall y mediated resources expected to be exposed to levels of the herbicide above any effects thresholds of concern. Additionally, as indicated in the screening level ecological risk assessments for cotton and soybean, no aquatic receptor taxa are of concern f or drift or runoff exposure (LOCs were not exceeded for aquatic taxa). Consequently, all but 1 4 of the listed species originally identified as potentially at

- risk are determined to be given a “no effect” (NE) without further refinement because they are n ot expected to occur in an action area encompassing the treated soybean and co tton fields (Appendix 2). The remaining 1 6 species are assessed using the refinements set forth in the 2 00 4 Overview
document referred to earlier in this assessment.

Exposure through Runoff

The cotton screening

- level risk assessment and the concurrently issued soybean addendum characterized risk following exposure to dicamba residues in runoff and found that the predicted7 

### concentrations from modeling were lower than the most s ensitive taxa’s endpoint (soybean plant height). Combining the predictions of this modeling, the toxicological endpoints and that most
of the off

- site plant community would not experience foliar contact with dicamba DGA in runoff sheet flow, EFED conclude d that all available lines of evidence supported a “no effects” determination for runoff exposure for off

- field listed plants for the proposed labeled use of dicamba DGA. Additionally, rainfast mitigation on the label would also protect against the risk

o f exposure to listed species off the treated field.

In addition to the spray drift and runoff mitigation measures contained in the proposed labeling, EFED analyzed species

- specific biology, dicamba

- specific foliar residue data and dicamba application t iming information in this refined endangered species assessment. An accounting of the federally

- listed threatened or endangered species within the 7 states proposed for this registration showed 307 listed species as potentially at risk (direct or indirect effects) as a result of the screening

- level assessment ( Appendix 1 ). The spray drift mitigation label language cannot preclude listed species being exposed to dicamba DGA salt or DCSA residues on treated fields, should a listed species utilize such areas as part of its range and corresponding habitat. Of the 307 listed species within the 7 states (AL, GA, KY, MI, NC, SC, and TX) considered part of the proposed Federal decision, the following 1 4 species were reasonably expected to occur on soybean and co tton fields, which could potentially be treated with dicamba and therefore could not be assumed to be “no effect” solely on the basis of occurrence outside the action area:

Of these 1 4 species, a “no effect” determination was reached in the concurrent assessment action
for 16 states ( DP 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 covering AR, IL, IA, IN, KS, LA, MN, MS, MO, NE, ND, OH, OK, SD, TN, and WI ) for the following species and is applicable to the additional seven states in this refined asses sment as well :

• American burying beetle ( Nicrophorus americanus)

• Gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus )

• Indiana bat ( Myotis sodalis )

• Lesser p rairie

- c hicken ( Tympanuchus pallidicinctus )

• Louisiana black bear ( Ursus americanus l uteolus )

• Whooping crane ( Grus americana )

This leaves the following species for which the remainder of this document uses species specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns in more depth to further refine the
assessment and effects determ inations :

• Attwater's greater prairie

- chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido attwateri )

• Eskimo curlew ( Numenius borealis )

• Eastern indigo snake ( Drymarchon corais couperi )

• Houston toad ( Bufo houstonensis )8 

### • Virginia big

- eared bat ( Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus )

• Ocelot ( Leopardus (Felis) pardalis )

• Gulf Coast jaguarundi ( Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi cacomitli )

• Red wolf ( Canis rufus )

Therefore, species specific biological information (e.g., body size , dietary requirements, and seasonality) and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the
assessment and effects determinations.

This assessment also uses the refined exposure values determined in the cotton screening lev el
assessment and the concurrently issued addendum to the soybean screening level risk assessment
document s compared to the initial exposure estimates from the soybean screening level

assessment. This ESA assessment also evaluates chronic exposures from D CSA separately from the chronic exposure to parent dicamba. Dicamba exposure values were determined from the upper bound of the modeled T

- REX run for exposures following spray applications based on the Kenaga nomogram modified by Fletcher et al (1984), whi ch is based on a large set of actual field residue data. Modeled dicamba exposure values were identical between the soybean addendum and the cotton screening level risk assessment (since the maximum application rates and minimum application intervals are the same).

Similar modeling of DCSA residues, which are formed inside the tolerant

- soybean and tolerant

cotton plants through plant metabolism, is not feasible at this time due to a lack of sufficient data tracking DCSA residues in plant tissues over ti me to ascertain degradation rates. Therefore, in the soybean addendum and the cotton screening

- level risk assessment, EFED used the maximum empirical measured DCSA residue concentrations in dicamba

- tolerant soybean (61.1 mg/kg (ppm) DCSA in broadleaf plan ts and 0.440 ppm in soybean seeds) and cotton plant tissues (6.29 ppm DCSA in cotton gin byproducts and 0.27 ppm in undelinted cotton seed) to evaluate chronic exposures to DCSA for animals foraging on soybean and cotton plants. Residues in arthropods (as a dietary item for birds and mammals consuming insects that have consumed soybean/cotton tissues with DCSA residues) were assumed to follow the Kenaga nomogram relationship between broadleaf plants and arthropods for spray applications ( i.e. arthropod con centrations estimated to be approximately 70% of the concentrations in broadleaf plant tissues or 42.5 ppm DCSA in arthropods feeding on soybean plants and 4.4 ppm in arthropods feeding on cotton plants). The empirical residue data for cotton indicated th at chronic exposures of birds and
mammals to dicamba or DCSA in cotton tissues would not be above any levels of concern. Although the concurrently issued soybean addendum indicates that chronic risk to mammals and birds was only a concern from DCSA residu es in plant/prey tissues and not from residues of parent dicamba , since the original soybean screening

- level assessment (USEPA, 2011) indicated chronic risk to mammals, this assessment presents the estimated exposures and comparisons to threshold toxicity values for both dicamba and DCSA for mammals, but evaluates them separately since their chronic toxicity and exposure profiles differ greatly. For birds, following9 

### the conclusions of the screening level assessments and the soybean addendum, only acute ris k from dicamba exposures and chronic risk from DCSA exposures is evaluated.

The following text discusses the lines of evidence and processes that were used to make effects determinations for listed species identified as potentially at

- risk in the screenin g level assessment.

Refined ecological risk assessment for the remaining species potentially exposed to dicamba
residues

For the effects determinations for Attwater’s prairie

- chicken, eskimo curlew, Eastern indigo snake, Houston toad, Virginia big

- eared bat, ocelot, Gulf Coast jaguarundi and red wolf, a refined risk assessment approach was used to evaluate additional lines of evidence to determine whether the conservative generic assumptions in the screening risk assessment apply to a particular species of interest ( e.g. the Attwater’s prairie

- chicken) . In the case of the prairie

chicken

, the refined risk assessment investigat ed the impacts of more chicken specific data
related to:

1. Bird size (as the chicken is smaller than th e 1000g large bird category used in the initial screen)

2. Bird food consumption tailored to:

a. The true weight of the bird

b. Energy requirements of the chicken

c. Improvement on the generic food intake model of the screen to assess energy
content of the diet and the actual free living energy requirements of a bird the size
of a chicken

3. Toxicity endpoints were scaled from the weight of the tested surrogate species (bobwhite quail) to reflect the comparatively larger actual size of the Attwater’ s g reater

p rairie chicken

Using the Attwater’s greater prairie chicken as an example to show how EPA made its effects determinations, EPA determined that the chicken could be feeding on arthropod prey in treated cotton and soybean fields. As stated above, fo r acute and chronic exposures to dicamba, EPA used the upper bound predicted concentrations of dicamba DGA salt found on arthropods from

T

- REX modeling. For chronic exposures to DCSA residues, EPA used the maximum measured
concentrations found in broadleaf plants, modified by the Kenaga relationship between broadleaf plants and arthropods. EPA used the predicted concentrations of dicamba DGA salt found on arthropods as its conservative prey analysis consistent with the preliminary risk concerns
identified i n the screening assessment. This prey analysis is consistent with the preliminary risk concerns identified in the screening assessments. This analysis is conservative as it a ssumes 1)
that 100% of the chicken ’s food consumption comes from exposed arthropo ds and 2) the level of10 

### dicamba DGA residues assumed to be on these prey arthrop ods is based on the upper bound Kenaga residues expected for arthropods directly exposed to spray application s of dicamba DGA and for exposure to DCSA that residues in the arthr opod prey item are based on the maximum measured values in broadleaf plant tissues modified by the Kenaga relationship between residues in arthropods and broadleaf plants following spray applications. EPA determined the field metabolic rate of the prairie chicken through the use of a published peer reviewed allometric equation that relates bodyweight to energy requirements. From there the mass of prey consumed per day is determined by dividing the field metabolic rate (kcal/day) by the energy content of t he arthropod prey and an assimilation factor that accounts for the ability of birds to absorb that energy from the diet. Values were obtained from a published peer reviewed EPA document produced by the Office of Research and Development for Agency

- wide us e in conducting ecological risk assessment ( USEPA , 1993). The mass of dicamba DGA in the insect diet is
determined from the T

- REX run found in the addendum to the screening

- level risk assessment,
issued c oncurrently with this risk assessment ( USEPA, 201 6 a ) while the mass of DCSA in insect diet was assumed to be 42.5 ppm (70% of the maximum measured residues in soybean hay of 61.1 ppm). The mass of prey consumed per day is then multiplied by the mass of dicamba or DCSA in the insect diet to determine the m ass of dicamba or DCSA in the chicken ’s daily diet in mg/day. Then the daily dose that the chicken (considering its bodyweight) receives is determined by multiplying the mass of dicamba or DCSA in the daily diet of arthropods (assuming that is the only fo od item) times the mass of prey consumed per day divide d by the bodyweight of the prairie chicken

. Then EPA scaled the acute toxicity endpoint (based on the tested surrogate bird species, bobwhite quail’s default weight of 178 grams) to the bodyweight of the prairie chicken to determine the acute oral toxicity for the prairie chicken. For exposures to DCSA residues, the chronic toxicity endpoint for the mallard (the most sensitive tested species) was modified by the relationship between the chronic dicamb a and DCSA endpoints for rats (a 17x difference). The acute RQ for dicamba exposures is then calculated by dividing the daily dose of dicamba from consuming arthropods by the acute oral toxicity endpoint while the chronic RQ is calculated by dividing the daily dose of DCSA by the chronic toxicity endpoint . In
this case the acute RQ for dicamba was 0.08, which is below the endangered species level of
concern of 0.1 , while the chronic RQ for DCSA was 0.18, which is below the listed and non

listed species chr onic LOC of 1.0 . At this point, EPA was able to conclude that dicamba and its
metabolite DCSA would not have an effect on the Attwater’s greater prairie

- chicken.



## Birds

The screening

- level assessment s s howed that birds could be at risk of mortality f rom acute exposures to dicamba DGA on treated fields, but chronic risk was not expected as no chronic RQs exceeded the Agency’s LOC (1.0) for chronic risk (USEPA 2011. D378444, p. 15). The concurrently issued soybean addendum did indicate that chronic expo sures to DCSA residues in soybean could be a concern, while the screening level cotton assessment indicated that chronic exposures to DCSA residues in cotton would not exceed the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk. Therefore, for listed species that could reas onably be expected to occur on treated soybean and11 

### cotton fields, EPA conducted a refined assessment for acute (dicamba only) and chronic (DCSA only, and only for soybean) exposures. Of the remaining bird species identified as potentially at
acute risk in the seven states , two are reasonably expected to occur on treated soybean and cotton fields. Therefore, species specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determi nations for those species.

Attwater’s greater prairie

- chicken

Dicamba Acute Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for birds indicated concerns for acute effects. The assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to acco unt for the prairie

- chicken’s biology. Attwater’s prairie chickens are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of dietary items including seeds and pods, insects, broadleaf plants and grasses, with ad ults feeding primarily on grain , while juvenile chickens primar ily consume insects. (Lehman, 1941). Therefore, at the time of post

emergent dicamba applications (late spring, summer), the most attractive dietary items in soybean and cotton fields will be waste grain from weed species and terrestrial invertebrates. As a conservative approach, EPA used the modeled upper bound T

- REX residues for arthodpods (which were higher than the modeled residues in grain) to evaluate the potential risk posed by dicamba applications at this time

. This is considered a conservative a pproach as modeled residues in arthropods are higher than for the other most likely dietary items and 100% of the
chicken’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods receiving the upper bound Kenaga nomogram dicamba residues from the spray application. Agricultural grains are expected to have lower residues than those predicted for arthropods and other dietary items, such as broadleaf plant tissues are not expected to constitute as significant a source of the chicken’s diet compared to arth ropods, for juvenile chickens, or grain for adult chickens (Lehman, 1941). A biologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.146(772) 0.749 

### = 166.73 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the Attwater’s greater prairie

- chicken from US FWS Recovery Plan (USFWS, 2010) ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100426.pdf)

Mass of prey consumed per day = 166.73 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.72 AE) = 136.22 g/day (1.7 is e nergy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.72 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, assumption of insect prey from USFWS, 2010, Lehman, 1941 )

Mass of dicamba DGA in insect diet 102.99 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run12 

### Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 136.22 g/day X 102.99 mg dicamba DGA/kg

- ww insect prey X 0.001 = 14.03 mg/day

Daily dose in chicken = 14.03 mg dicamba DGA/day/0. 772 = 18.17 mg/kg

- bw/day

Chicken LD50 mg/kg

- bw = 188 mg/kg

- bw X (772/178) (1.15

- 1) 

### = 234.28 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for acute effect s = 18.17 /234.28 = 0. 08

An acute RQ of 0. 08 does not exceed the acute LOC of 0.1. Consequently, EPA
makes a “no effect” determination for the Attwater’s greater prairie chicken

DCSA Assessment for Atwater’s greater prairie chicken consuming arthropods t hat had previously consumed soybean forage

EFED considered DCSA residues in arthropods to be the maximum measured DCSA residues from broadleaf plants, modified by the Kenaga nomogram relationship between broadleaf plant and arthropods as a conservative pe sticide load in the prey base. This is considered a conservative approach as the estimated residues in arthropods are higher than for the other likely dietary items and 100% of the chicken’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods feedin g on dicamba

- tolerant soybean plants that had the highest measured DCSA
residues. A gricultural grains are expected to have lower residues than those predicted for arthropods and other dietary items, such as broadleaf plant tissues are not expected to const itute

a s significant a source of the chicken’s diet compared to arthropods, for juvenile chickens, or grain for adult chickens (Lehman, 1941) . A biologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.146(772) 0.749 

### = 166.73 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the Attwater’s greater prairie

- chicken from US FWS Recovery Plan (USFWS, 2010); http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100426.pdf)

Mass of prey consumed per day = 166.73 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.72 AE) = 136.22 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.72 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, assumption of insect prey from USFWS, 2010, Lehman, 1941)

Mass of DCSA in insect diet 42.5 mg/kg

- ww (conservative assumption of Kenaga nomogram relationship between arthropod residues and broadleaf plant tissue residues based on 61.1 mg/kg maximum value from empirical data for soybean forage)13 

### Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 136.22 g/day X 42.5 mg DCSA /kg

- ww insect prey X 0.001

= 5.79 mg/day

Daily dose in chicken = 5.79 mg DCSA /day/0.772= 7.50 mg/kg

- bw/day

Avian Chronic Endpoint of 695 mg/kg

- diet (from mallard duck study for parent dicamba) modified by ratio of parent dicamba to metabolite D CSA fr om chronic rat studies (17 x)
results in Avian chronic NOAEC of 40

. 88 mg/kg

- diet.

RQ for chronic exposure: RQ = 7.5/40.88 = 0.18

An RQ of 0.18 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0; consequently a “no effect”
determination is concluded for the Atwater’s greater prairie chicken.

Eskimo curlew

Dicamba Acute Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for birds indicated concerns for acute effects. The Eskimo curlew is a species determined to potentially occupy treated agricultura l fields such as

cotton and soybean fields and thus be subject to exposure to dicamba DGA on the treat ed field. Historically, the species ’ breeding grounds were in Alaska and the Northwest Territories, Canada and overwintered in South America (USFWS, 2011 a ). The curlew is thought to have crossed the
Gulf of Mexico into Texas during their spring migrations and preferred burned and disturbed prairie habitats and agricultural fields where they fed primarily on grasshopper s and other insects (Gill et al., 1998 , USFWS, 2011 a )

. The assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to
account for the Eskimo curlew’s biology

. As a conservative approach, EPA used the modeled upper bound T

- REX modeled residues for arthodpods to evaluate the potential risk posed by
di camba applications at this time

. This is considered a conservative approach as 100% of the
Eskimo curlew ’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods receiving the upper bound Kenaga nomogram dicamba residues from the spray application. A b iologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.146 ( 240 ) 0. 749 

### = 69.5 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the Eskimo curlew from USGS, 2014 http://www.npwrc.usg s.gov/resource/birds/curlew/identif.htm )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 69.5 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.72 AE) = 56.8 g/day (1.7 is energy content of p rey item from USEPA (1993); 0.72 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, assumption of insect prey from USGS 2014 )

Mass of dicamba DGA in insect diet 102.99 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run14 

### Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 56.8 g/day X 102.99 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww insect prey X 0.001 = 5.85 mg/day

Daily dose in curlew = 5.85 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 0.24 = 24.37 m g/kg

- bw/day

Curlew LD50 mg/kg

- bw = 188 mg/kg

- bw X ( 240 /178) (1.15

- 1) 

### = 196.6 mg/kg

- bw

Th e RQ for acute effects = 24.37 / 196.6 = 0. 12 An acute RQ of 0. 1 2 exceeds the acute LOC of 0.1.

DCSA Assessment Eskimo curlew consuming arthropods that had previousl y consumed soybean forage

EFED considered DCSA residues in arthropods to be the maximum measured DCSA residues from broadleaf plants, modified by the Kenaga nomogram relationship between broadleaf plant and arthropods as a conservative pesticide load in t he prey base. This is considered a conservative approach as the estimated residues in arthropods are higher than for the other likely dietary items and 100% of the curlew’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods feeding on dicamba

- toler ant soybean plants that had the highest measured DCSA
residues. A biologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.146 ( 240 ) 0. 749 

### = 69.5 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening ass umption for the Eskimo curlew from USGS, 2014 http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/curlew/identif.htm )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 69.5 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.72 AE) = 56.8 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.72 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, assumption of insect prey from USGS 2014 )

Mass of DCSA in insect diet 42.5 mg/kg

- ww (conservative assumption of Kenaga nomogram relationship between arthropod residues and broadleaf plant tissue residues
based on 6 1.1 mg/kg maximum value from empirical data for soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 56.8 g/day X 42.5 mg DCSA /kg

- ww insect prey X 0.001 =
2.41 mg/day

Daily dose in chicken = 2.41 mg DCSA/day/0.240 = 10.06 mg/kg

- bw/day

Avian Chronic Endpoint of 695 mg/kg

- diet (from mallard duck study for parent dicamba) modified by ratio of parent dicamba to metabolite D CSA from chronic rat studies (17 x)
results in Avian chronic NOAEC of 40

. 88 mg/kg

- diet.15 

### RQ for chronic exposure: RQ = 10.06/40.88 = 0.25

An RQ of 0.25 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0

As the analysis above concluded that exposures to the curlew from dicamba had potential to be above the acute level of concern, t he assessment was further refined by us ing of the Terrestria l Investigation Mod el (TIM) to quantify the potential risks of dicamba DGA to the Eskimo curlew. The model was parameterized with two assumptions about the frequency of time they would spend on the field (frequency on field: FOF): 10 percent and 90 percent. These assumptio ns reflect the overall uncertainty of how much time in a given migration period the birds would encounter a feeding opportunity on crop land. The model simulated a three

- day stopover in agricultural land during the early pre

- emergence herbicide applicatio n season to simulate feeding during migration. The food uptake was raised to a 3X daily intake rate to simulate migratory gorging behavior. The results indicated a 5.4

- 9 4 % chance of mortality to one or more Eskimo
curlew s ( Table 4 ). The dominant route of exposure that contributes to mortality is through diet ( Table 5 ). The input parameters used in this model run are included in Appendix 3

.

Table 4 . Risk of dicamba exposure to individual Eskimo curlew.
Mean FOF (%) % Chance of mortality to one or more bi rds

10 5.4

90 94

Table 5 . Relative contributions of exposure routes to lethal doses in simulated birds. Mean (and standard deviation) values provided.

Exposure route* 10% FOF 90% FOF

Food 93 (6.6) 84 (7.5)

Drinking water: Puddles 0 0

Drinking water: Dew 0 0

Dermal Contact 6.8 (6.6) 16 (7.5)
*Inhalation and direct spray routes of exposure were turned off.



### Given the predicted chance of individual mortalities, it might be reasonable to expect effects if
Eskimo curlews encountered treat fields

. Known occurrences of the species span Galveston County in Texas and 23 counties in Nebraska: Nuckolls, Jefferson, Saline, Polk, Wayne, Pierce, Platte, Boone, Madison, Antelope, Merrick, Stanton, Fillmore, York, Seward, Clay, Cedar, Thayer, Hamilton, N ance, Knox , Colfax, and Butler. See Appendix 4 for range and land cover analysis.

However, the species by all accounts is extremely rare. The U

. S

. Fish and W ildlife Service summarized curlew numbers in a recent Biological Opinion (USFWS 2012 a ) for the rodenticide chlorophacinone:16 

### Recent quantitative methods used to evaluate the probability of the Eskimo curlew’s existence have estimated extinction dates of 1967 and 1965, respectively, with the upper bounds of 95 percent confidence intervals in 1977 and 1970 (Elph ick et al. 2010, FWS 2011e). These estimates are based on the last uncontroversial record of observance, a specimen that was shot in Barbados in 1963 (FWS 2011e). From 1963 to the spring of 2009, 39 potential sightings have occurred in 22 different years ( Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 2009); however, the reliability of these sightings is variable, and none have been confirmed by physical evidence (FWS 2011e). If controversial records of observance are included, then the analysis e stimates an extinction date of 2008 with the upper bound of 95 percent confidence interval reaching 2013 (FWS 2011e).

In the case of chlorophacinone, EPA had initially made a “likely to adversely affect”
determination for the curlew based on direct acute effects. This pesticide application involved potential large geographic areas of rangeland habitat, likely more favorable to curlews than maintained agricultural fields. The conclusion of the Biological Opinion was:

Eskimo curlews are likely already exti nct or at best extremely rare; thus, direct and indirect effects from Rozol exposure are so highly unlikely to occur as to be considered discountable. Therefore, the Service does not anticipate adverse effects to Eskimo curlew from use of Rozol on BTPDs. N o critical habitat for the Eskimo curlew has been designated; therefore none will be affected.

It is reasonable to reach a similar conclusion with dicamba DGA , a compound of likely lower acute toxic hazard than chlorophacinone and proposed for use on land cover more marginal for curlews than the chlorophacinone case. Therefore the Agency determines that the pro pose d labeled use of dicamba DGA is “not likely to adversely affect” (NLAA) the Eskimo curlew
because exposure s are so highly unlikely to occur as to be considered discountable

.

EPA informally consulted with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the NLAA effects determination made for the Eskimo Curlew. The concurrence memo is appended in Appendix 6

.



## Herpifauna

Using birds as a surrogate for reptiles and terrestrial

- phase amphibians, consistent with the Overview document (USEPA, 2004), the screening level assessment suggests that reptiles and
terrestrial

- phase amphibians could be at risk of effects from acute exposures to dicamba DGA or
chroni c exposures to DCSA on treated fields. Of the reptile and amphibian species identified as17 

### potentially at acute risk in the seven states, one reptile and one amphibian are reasonably expected to occur on treated soybean and cotton fields. Therefore, speci es specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determinations for those species.

Eastern Indigo snake

Dicamba Acute Effects Assessment

I nitial screening level risk assessment results for birds/reptiles indicated concerns for acute
effects to reptiles (using birds as a surrogate)

. The Eastern Indigo Snake is known or believed to occur in Alabama, Florida and Georgia (USFWS Species Profile Page, http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=C026 )

. In Georgia, the species has been observed moving from sandhill habitat to the vicinity of agricultural fi elds in summer (Speake et al., 1978)

. Therefore, the species was determined to potentially occupy
treated cotton and soybean fields and thus be subject to exposure to dicamba DGA on the treat ed field. The indigo snake feeds largely on other snakes, small tortoises, small mammals, and amphibians (USFWS, 1983). Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 35g mammal that feeds exclusively on contaminated short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga resiudes from the spray ap plication of dicamba and that the snake exclusively feeds on this prey species, t he assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to
account for the indigo snake’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.0530( 4300 ) 0.799 

### = 42.4 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the indigo snake from Biological Information on Listed Speci es of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Pesticid e Programs July 15, 2013 )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 42.4 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0. 78 AE) = 3 2 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0. 78 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , assumption of small mammal prey from the recovery plan (USFWS, 1983) and Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013 )

.

Mass of dic amba DGA in a 35

- g mammal diet 173.26 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 3 2 g/day X 173.26 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 5.54 mg/day

Daily dose in snake = 5.54 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 4.3 = 1.29 mg/kg

- bw/day18 

### Appropriate sc aling factors are not available for reptiles and amphibians so the acute toxicity value for the bobwhite quail (most sensitive avian species for which acute data are available) serves as a surrogate (USEPA, 2004) toxicity value for the tortoise:

Snake LD5 0 mg/kg

- bw = 188 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for acute effects = 1.29 / 188 = 0.0 0 7

An acute RQ of 0.0 0 7 does not exceed the acute listed species LOC of 0.1. Consequently, EPA

makes a “no effect” determination for the indigo snake

.

DCSA Assessment for Eastern indig o snake consuming prey that had previously consumed soybean forage

The indigo snake feeds largely on other snakes, small tortoises, small mammals, and amphibians (USFWS, 1983). Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a

ma mmal that feeds exclusively on exposed soybean plant tissue containing the maximum
measured DCSA residues of 61.1 ppm and that the snake exclusively feeds on this prey species, the assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to account for the indigo snake’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.0530(4300) 0.799 

### = 42.4 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the indigo snake from Biological Information on Listed Speci es of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for

Pe sticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013 )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 42.4 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.78 AE) = 32 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA ( 1993); 0. 78 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , assumption of small mammal prey from the recovery plan (USFWS, 1983) and Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013 ).

Mass of DCSA in a mammal diet 61.1 mg/kg

- ww (maximum empirical residue data on soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in snake’s daily diet = 32 g/day X 61.1 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 1.96 mg DCSA /day

Daily dose in snake = 1.96 mg DCSA /day/4.3= 0.46 mg/kg

- bw/day19 

### Avian Chronic Endpoint of 695 mg/kg

- diet (from mallard duck (surrogate species for reptiles) study for parent dicamba) modified by ratio of parent dicamb a to metabolite

D CSA from chronic rat studies (17 x) results in Avian chronic NOAEC of 40.88 mg/kg

diet.

RQ for chronic exposure: RQ = 0.46 /40.88 = 0.01

An RQ of 0.01 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0; consequently a “no effect”
determination is con cluded for the Eastern indigo snake

.

Houston toad

Initial screening level risk assessment results for birds/ terrestrial

- phase amphibians indicated
concerns for acute effects to amphibians (using birds as a surrogate). Historically, Houston toads ranged across the central coastal region of Texas in grassland/prairie ecosystems or in or near forested habitat and metamorphosed adult toads likely eat small terrestrial arthropods (USFWS, 2011b). As a conservative approach, EPA used the modeled u pper bound T

- R EX residues for arthodpods to evaluate the potential risk posed by dicamba applications at this time

. This is considered a conservative approach as 100% of the toad’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods receiving the upper bound Kenag a nomogram dicamba residues from the spray application. A biologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.0530( 45 ) 0.799 

### = 1.1 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the H ouston toad from Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013)

Mass of prey con sumed per day = 1.1 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.7 2 AE)= 0. 9 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0. 72 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , insect diet assumption from USFWS, 2011b and Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States En vironmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013)

Mass of dicamba DGA in insect diet 102.99 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DG A in daily diet = 0. 9 g/day X 102.99 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww insect prey X 0.001 = 0. 09 mg/day

Daily dose in toad = 0. 09 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 0.045 = 2.06 mg/kg

- bw/day20 

### Toad LD50 mg/kg

- bw = 188 mg/kg

- bw X ( 45 /178) (1.15

- 1) 

### = 152.96 mg/kg

- bw (assume s the same sca ling as for birds)

The RQ for acute effects = 2. 06 / 152.96 = 0.0 1

An acute RQ of 0. 0 1 does not exceed the acute listed species LOC of 0.1. Consequently, EPA

makes a “no effect” determination for the Houston toad.

DCSA Assessment for Houston toad consumi ng prey that had previously consumed soybean forage

EFED considered DCSA residues in arthropods to be the maximum measured DCSA residues from broadleaf plants, modified by the Kenaga nomogram relationship between broadleaf plant and arthropods as a conser vative pesticide load in the prey base. This is considered a conservative approach as 1 00% of the toad’s diet would be considered to consist of exposed arthropods feeding on dicamba

- tolerant soybean plants that had the highest measured DCSA
residues. A bi ologically representative refinement to the screening assessment follows:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.0530(45) 0.799 

### = 1.1 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the H ouston toad from Biological Information on Listed S pecies of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013)

Mass of prey consumed per day = 1.1 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.72 AE)= 0. 9 g /day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0. 72 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , insect diet assumption from USFWS, 2011b and Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide
Effect s Determinations, United States En vironmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013)

Mass of DCSA in insect diet 42.5 mg/kg

- ww (conservative assumption of Kenaga nomogram relationship between arthropod residues and broadleaf plant tissue residues based on 61.1 mg/kg maximum value from empirical data for soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 0. 9 g/day X 42.5 mg dicamba DGA/kg

- ww insect prey X
0.001 = 0. 038 mg/day

Daily dose in toad = 0. 038 mg DCSA /day/0.045= 0.85 mg/kg

- bw/day

Avian Chronic Endpoint of 695 mg/kg

- diet (from mallard duck (surrogate species for
terrestrial

- phase amphibians ) study for parent dicamba) modified by ratio of parent21 

### dicamba to metabolite D CSA from chronic rat studies (17 x) results in Avian chronic
NOAE C of 40.88 mg/kg

- diet.

RQ for ch ronic exposure: RQ = 0.85/40.88 = 0.02

An RQ of 0.0 2 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0 ; consequently a “no effect”
determination is concluded for the Houston toad

.

Mammals

The screening

- level assessments indicated that acute risk to mammals was not expected as no acute RQs exceeded the Agency’s LOC (0.1) for acute risk (USEPA 2011. D378444, p. 15). However, the soybean screening

- level assessment (USEPA, 2011) indicated that mammals could be at reproductive risk fro m chronic exposures to dicamba DGA on treated fields, though the cotton screening level and concurrently issued soybean addendum (USEPA, 2016 a and USEPA,
2016b ) indicated that chronic exposures to dicamba DGA would be below the chronic LOC (1.0). This difference is due to soybean screening level risk assessment’s use of a chronic endpoint from the rat 2

- generation study (MRID 43137101), of 45 mg/kg

- bw for the NOAEL, based on decreased pup weight at 136 mg/kg

- bw compared to the concurrent controls. HED recently reanalyzed t he da ta from this study ( USEPA, 2016c ; D431873 ) in comparison to the historical control database range and determined that the NOAEL and LOAEL should be raised to 136 and 450 mg/kg

- bw, respectively, as pup weights in each generation in the 136 mg/kg

- bw

tre atment group were within the historical control range and above the historical control mean for the F1, F2A and F2B generations. Therefore, the cotton screening level risk assessment, the concurrently issued soybean addendum and this refined endangered sp ecies risk assessment use
this revised NOAEL for dicamba DGA salt.

The concurrently issued soybean addendum did indicate that chronic exposures to dicamba’s metabolite, DCSA, residues in soybean could be a concern, while the screening level cotton

asses sment indicated that chronic exposures to DCSA residues in cotton would not exceed the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk. Therefore, EPA only conducted a refined assessment for chronic exposures to DCSA in soybeans for listed species that could reasonably be expected to occur on treated soybean fields.

Of the mammalian species identified as potentially at risk in the seven states, f our are reasonably expected to occur on treated soybean fields. Species specific biological information and dicamba
DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects
determinations for the f our species potentially expected to occur on treated soybean fields.

Virginia big

- eared bat22 

### Dicamba Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects
to mammals

. T his bat is assumed to potentially for age over treated fields and thus be subj ect to exposure to dicamba DGA on the treated field. Big

- eared bats feed principally on small moths and other insects (USFWS, 1984). Exposure assumptions from the screening assessment were refined to account for th e Virginia big

- eared bat’s biology and contained the conservative assumption that bats would feed exclusively on exposed insects/arthropods having received the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba.

Field metabolic rate kcal/d ay = 0.6167( 7g ) 0.862 

### = 3.3 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight 7 g reflects screening assumption for the bat USFWS 2014 a ; http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile /speciesProfile.action?spcode=A080 )

Mass of prey consumed per day = ( 3.3 kcal/day)/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.87 AE ) = 2.2 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.87 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993)

Mass of dicamba DGA in inse ct diet = 102.99 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 2.2 g/day X 102.99 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 0. 23 mg/day

Daily dose in bat = 0. 2 3 mg dicamba DGA /day/0.00 7 kg = 32.37 mg/kg

- bw/day

B at NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/ 7 ) 0.25 

### = 361.64 mg/kg

- bw

RQ for chronic exposure = RQ = 32.37 / 361.64 = 0. 09

A chronic RQ of 0.09 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, EPA makes a “no effect” determination for the th e Virginia big

- eared bat.

DCSA Assessme nt for Virginia big

- eared bat consuming prey that had previously consumed soybean forage

Initial screening level risk assessment results for the Virginia big

- eared bat were refined to account for the bat’s biology and contained the conservative assumption that bats would feed exclusively on exposed insects/arthropods feeding on dicamba

- tolerant soybean plant tissues that had the highest measured DCSA residues.

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(7g) 0.862 

### = 3.3 kcal/day23 

### (USEPA 1993, body weight 7 g r eflects screening assumption for the bat USFWS 2014a; http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A080 )

Mass of prey consumed per day = (3.3 kcal/day)/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.87 AE ) = 2.2 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.87 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993)

Mass of DCSA in insect diet = 42.5 mg/kg

- ww (conservative assumption of Kenaga nomogram relatio nship between arthropod residues and broadleaf plant tissue residues based on 61.1 mg/kg maximum value from empirical data for soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 2.2 g/day X 42.5 mg DCSA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001
= 0. 094 mg/day

Daily dose in ba t = 0. 094 mg DCSA /day/0.007 kg = 13.357 mg/kg

- bw/day

Bat NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw X (350/7) 0.25 

### = 21.27 mg/kg

- bw

RQ for chronic exposure = RQ = 13.357 / 21.27 = 0.63

A chronic RQ of 0.63 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0; consequently a “no eff ect”
determination is concluded for t h e Virginia big

- eared bat.

Ocelot

Dicamba Acute Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects
to mammals

. The recovery plan for the ocelot (US FWS, 1990 , revised 2010 ) describes the ocelot’s habitat in Texas as dense thornscrub communities on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge and on private lands in three Texas counties. The ocelot requires dense vegetation (>75% canopy cover), with 95% c over of the shrub layer preferred in Texas and it feeds primarlily on rabbits, rodents, birds and lizards (USFWS, 1990). Although this indicates the ocelot is unlikely to inhabit agricultural row crop areas, the prey species it feeds on could be exposed i n soybean or cotton fields and then subsequently consumed by the ocelot away from
the field

. Using the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal (conservative as to rabbits) and using the conservative assumptions that the prey fee ds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba, e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to
account for ocelot’ s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.616 7(16000) 0.862


### = 2594 kcal/day24 

### (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the ocelot from Recovery Plan (USFWS 1990 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100826.pdf ))

Mass of prey consumed per day = 2594 kcal/day /(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 1816 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , mammal diet assumption from Recovery Plan (USFWS 1990 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100826.pdf ) )

Mass of dicamba DGA in 1kg mammal diet 40.17 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 1816 g/day X 40.17 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 72.95 mg/day

Daily dose in ocelot = 72.95 mg dicamba DGA /day/16= 4.56 mg/kg

- bw/day

Ocelot NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 13 6 mg/kg

- bw (350/16000) (0.25) 

### = 52.30 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 4.56 / 52.30 = 0. 09

A chronic RQ of 0. 09 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Even if the ocelot were assumed to consume a smaller (35

- g mammal ) prey species that had consumed exposed short grass (T

REX modeled residues of 173.26 mg/kg

- ww) , the chronic RQ (0.38) would still be below the
LOC. Consequently , EPA make s a “no effect” determination for the ocelot.

DCSA Assessment for Ocelot consuming prey that had previously consumed exposed soybean forage



### The first step in the refinement process is to calculate DCSA residues in the prey species. Using the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal and the conservative assumptions that the prey animal feeds ex clusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated the residues based on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day

10 00 g mammal prey ingestion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day

DCSA residue in prey eating soybean forage/hay 61.1 mg DCSA/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day25 

### The next step is to determine the expected daily dose for a typical 16 kg ocelot, the adjusted NOAEL value and the chronic dose

- based RQ for the ocelot based on the following allometric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(16000) 0.862 

### = 2594 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the o celot from Recovery Plan (USFWS 1990 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100826.pdf ))

Mass of prey consumed per day = 2594 kcal/day /(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 1816 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation eff iciency
from USEPA 1993 , mammal diet assumption from Recovery Plan (USFWS 1990 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100826.pdf ) )

Mass of DCSA in 1kg mammal diet 9.34 mg/ kg

- ww ( based on allometric equations
above and maximum empirical residue data on s oybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 1816 g/day X 9.34 mg DCSA /kg

- ww mammal prey X
0.001 = 16.96 mg/day

Daily dose in ocelot = 16. 96 mg DCSA /day/16= 1.060 mg/kg

- bw/day

Ocelot NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw (350/16000) (0.25) 

### = 3.08 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 1.06 / 3.08 = 0.35

A chronic RQ of 0.35 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently , EPA make s a

“ No Effect ” determination for the ocelot.

Gulf Coast jaguarundi

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammal s identified concerns for chronic
effects. The recovery plan for the jaguarundi (USFWS, 2012b) describes the species as using
desne t hor ny shrublands or woodlands and bunchgrass pastures adjacent to dense brush or woody cover and preying mainly on birds, small mammals, and reptiles

. Although this indicates
the jaguarundi is unlikely to inhabit agricultural row crop areas, the prey species it feeds on could be exposed in soybean or cotton fields and then subsequently consumed by the juaguarundi away from t he field. Using the assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g
mammal and using the conservative assumptions that the prey feeds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of d icamba,26 

### e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the jaguarundi’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(90000) 0.862 

### = 11498 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the jaguarond i from Recovery Plan

, USFWS 2012 b ) (http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/Gulf_Coast_Jaguarundi_DRAFT_R ecovery_Plan_24Dec2012.pdf))

Mass of prey consumed per day = 11498 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 8051 g/day (1.7 is energy content of pre y item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan

, USFWS 2012 b ) (http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/Gulf_Coast_Jaguarundi_DRAFT_R ecovery_Plan_24Dec2012.pdf) )

Mass of dicamba DGA in 1 kg mammal diet 40.17 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 8051 g/day X 40.17 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 323 mg/day

Daily dose in jaguarundi = 323 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 90 = 3.59 mg/kg

- bw/day

Jaguarundi NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/ day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/ 90000 ) (0.25) 

### = 33.96 mg/kg

bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 3.59 / 33.96 = 0. 11

.

A chronic RQ of 0. 11 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Even if the jaguarundi were assumed to consume a smaller (35

- g mammal) prey species that had consumed exposed short grass (T

- REX modeled residues of 173.26 mg/kg

- ww), the chronic RQ (0.46) would still be
below the LOC. Consequently, EPA make s a “no effect” determination for the jaguar u ndi.

DCSA Assessment for Jaguarundi consuming prey that h ad previously consumed soybean forage



### The first step in the refinement process is to calculate DCSA residues in the prey species. Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal that feeds exclusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated the residues based on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day27 

### 1000 g mammal prey inge stion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day

DCSA residue in prey eating soybean forage/hay 61.1 mg DCSA/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day

The next step is to determine the expected daily dose for a typical 90 kg jaguarundi , the adjus ted NOAEL value and the chronic dose

- based RQ for the ocelot based on the following allometric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(90000) 0.862 

### = 11498 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the jaguarondi from

Re covery Plan

, USFWS 2012 b ) (http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/Gulf_Coast_Jaguarundi_DRAFT_R ecovery_Plan_24Dec2012.pdf))

Mass of prey consumed per day = 11498 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 8051 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item fr om USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan

, USFWS 2012 b ) (http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/Gulf_Coast_Jaguarundi_DRAFT_R ecovery_Plan_24Dec2012.pdf) )

Mass of DCSA in 1 kg mammal diet 9.34 mg/kg

- ww (based on allometric equations above and maximum empirical DCSA residues on soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 8051 g/day X 9.34 mg DCSA /kg

- ww mammal prey X
0.001 = 75.20 mg/day

Daily dose in jaguarundi = 75.20 mg DCSA /day/90= 0 .8 4 mg/kg

- bw/day

Jaguarundi NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 4 mg/kg

- bw X (350/90000) (0.25) 

### = 2 .00 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 0.84 / 2 .00 = 0. 42

.

A chronic RQ of 0. 42 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, EPA make s a “no effect” determinati on for the jaguarundi.

Red wolf

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic
effects. Since 1987, reintroduced red wolves have been identified in a variety of habitats including wetlands, pine fores ts, uplan d shrubs, and cropland (USFWS, 2007). The diet of red28 

### wolves is primarily white

- tailed deer, but they may also eat smaller mammals such as raccoons, rabbits and mice (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal (conservative for deer, raccoons and rabbits) that feeds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba, e xposure assumptions from the screening assessmen t were adjusted to account for the red wolf’ s biology, specifically their consumption of other mammals that may have been exposed to dicamba DGA residues in cotton and soybean fields

.

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0. 6167 (36000) 0.8 62 

### = 5219 kcal/day (USE PA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the r ed wolf from Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 5219 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 3654 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assim ilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , 1 kg mammal diet from Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) )

Mass of dicamba DGA in 1 kg mammal diet 40.17 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 3654 g/day X 40.17 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 147 mg/day

Daily dose in wolf = 147 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 36 = 4.08 mg/kg

- bw/day

Wolf NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/ 36000 ) (0.25) 

### = 42.71 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 4.08/ 42.71 = 0. 10

.

A chronic RQ of 0.10 does not exceed the chroni c LOC of 1.0. Consequently, EPA make s a “no effect ” determination for the red wolf

.

DCSA Assessment for red wolf consuming prey that had previously consumed soybean forage



### The first step in the refinement process is to calculate DCSA residues in the prey species. Using the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal and the conservative assumptions that the prey animal feeds exclusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated t he residues based on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day29 

### DCSA residue in prey eating soybean forage /hay 61.1 mg DCSA/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day

The next step is to determine the expe cted daily dose for a typical 36 kg wolf , the adjusted NOAEL value and the chro nic dose

- based RQ for the wolf based on the following allometric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(36000) 0.862 

### = 5219 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the r ed wolf from Whitaker and Hamilton (1998))

Mass of prey consumed per day = 5219 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 A E)= 3654 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency
from USEPA 1993 , 1 kg mammal diet from Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) )

Mass of DCSA in 1 kg mammal diet 9.34 mg/kg

- ww from allometric equations above
and m aximum empirical residue data.

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 3654 g/day X 9.34 mg DCSA /kg

- ww mammal prey X
0.001 = 34.13 mg/day

Daily dose in wolf = 34.13 mg dicamba DGA /day/36= 0.95 mg/kg

- bw/day

Wolf NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw X (350/36000) (0.25)


### = 2.51 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 0.95 / 2.51 = 0. 38

A chronic RQ of 0. 38 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, EPA make s a “no effect” determination for the red wolf.

Critical Habitat Determinations

In addition to the specie s

- specific effects determinations, EFED also conducted a critical habitat modification analysis consistent with the Overview Document as discussed earlier in this refined

assessment. The critical habitat modification analysis is based on an assessment of h ow dicamba
DGA salt would affect the U

. S

. Fish and Wildlife Service or National Marine Fisheries Service (the Services) established principle constituent elements (PCE’ s) of the designated habitat as well as how direct species effects outcomes would impact critical habitat’s present and future utility for promoting the conservation of a particular listed species. The Agency will conclude ‘modification’ of designated critical habitat if the range of designated critical habitat co

- occurs with the states subj ect to the Federal action and one or more of the following conditions exist:30 

### 1. The available Services ’ information indicates that cotton or soybean fields are habitat for the species and there is a “may a ffect” determination for the species associated wi th exposure to dicamba DGA salt or its degradate, DCSA

, as labeled.

2. The available Services ’ information indi cates that the species uses cotton or soybean fields and one or more effects on taxonomic groups predicted for dicamba DGA salt or its degradat e DCSA, on cotton and soybean fields would modify one or more of the designated
PCEs

.

If neither of the above conditions are met, EPA concludes “ no modification

. ”

Results of Analysis

Of the 307 listed species within the states, there are 2 9 2 species identified in the effects determinations as not using cotton or soybean fields and 1 4 specie s using these fields ( Appendix
5 ). Critical habitats have been designated for 118 of the 307 species. One

- hundred thirteen ( 11 3 ) species with critical hab itat were judged to not use cotton or soybean fields and so the
critical habitat determination for these was “no modification

. ”

The remaining 5 species with critical habitat designations were assumed to use cotton or soybean fields and so the previous li sted species effects determinations were consulted to ascertain if any
were determined to be at risk for direct adverse effects. None of the species were determined to be at risk for direct adverse effects, so the PCE’s listed in the Ser vices’ critical ha bitat designations were consulted to determine if, in light of the screening assessment risk findings, they would be impacted by on

- field exposure to dicamba DGA salt. For all but one of these species, the PCE’s are not relatable to agricultural fields an d so a determination of no
modification has been made for these 4 species

.

The only remaining species using cotton or soybean fields and with critical habitat PCE’s relatable to agricultural fields was the whooping crane, for which agricultural fields w ere discussed as providing waste grain as a potential food source for migratory cranes. The only way the proposed dicamba DGA salt could affect this PCE is by making grain potentially toxic to the birds. As there is unlikely to be any edible waste grain remaining following cotton harvesting, it is unlikely that the proposed dicamba DGA salt use on cotton could affect this PCE, however the proposed use on soybean could affect this PCE by making waste soybean grain potentially toxic.

The Health Effect s Divi sion summarized available soybean grain residues of dicamba in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Registration Eligibility Decision for Dicamba and Associated Salts (DP317703). Based on the soybean trials results, maximum residues of dicamba
were 0.0 4 ppm in hay, 0.097 ppm in forage, and 8.13 ppm in seed 6

- 8 days post treatment (MRIDs 43814101 and 44089307). These measured values were used to set the tolerance value of 10 ppm for soybean seeds . The measured residues are not reasonably expected to be at a level31 

### raising a concern for direct effects to the whooping crane because the direct effects assessment for this species (presented in the Section 3 Risk Assessment Refined Endangered Species
Assessment that assessed risks to endangered species in 16 s tates (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin { DP 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 } ) did not establish a concern f or residues in other dietary items at much higher (~ 1 order of magnitude) concentrations than would occur at the maximum measured residues in seed or if residues were present even at the tolerance level of 10.0 ppm. Because this analysis
shows no direct effects of dicamba at levels that would be expected in the fields as waste grain, an indirect effect, there is no modification of critical habitat. Similarly, measured DCSA residues in waste soybean grain (0.44 ppm) would be well below the estimated DCSA c oncentrations in arthropods (42.5 ppm) used in the direct effects assessment for this species ( D416516+, p p . 9

- 10 ). Therefore

, whooping crane critical habitat within the 7 states covered in this assessment
would not be modified.

Summary of Determinations for Critical Habitat The Agency has determined that the proposed labeled use of dicamba DGA salt on cotton and soybeans will not modify designated critical habitat for all 118 species for which such habitats have been designated in AL, GA, KY, MI, NC, SC, and TX.

A s ummary of listed species identified as not being on agricultural fields with and without
critic al habitat designations for the seven states assessed for dicamba DGA salt is provided in Appendix 5

.

References:



### Dunning, JB. 1984. Bodyweights of 686 species of North American birds. Western Bird Banding Association Monograph 1

.

Gill, R.E., Canevari J.P, and Iversen E.H. 1998. Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis). Birds of North America No. 347. In The Birds of North America. A. Poole and F. Gill, e ds. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 28 pp. Online version available at http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/347/.

Lehman, V.W. 1941. Attwater’s Prairie Chicken, its life history a nd management. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, North American Fauna Series 57. United States Government Printing Office, Washington D C , USA.

Speake, D.W., J.A. McGlincy, and T.A. Colvin. 1978. Ecology and Management of the estern indigo snake i n Georgia: a progress report. Pages 64

— 73. in R.R. Odom and L. Landers, eds. Proc. Rare and Endangered Wildl. Symp., Georgia DNR, Game and Fish Div., Tech. Bull. WL4.32 

### United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Fact ors Handbook EPA/600/R

- 93/187a, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.

USEPA, 2011. Ecological Risk Assessment for Dicamba and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA), for the Proposed New Use on Dicamba

- Tolerant Soybean (MON 87708) . DP Barcode: 378444. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. March 8, 2011, Washington, DC.

USEPA, 2013. Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States En vironmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs

. July 15, 2013

.

USEPA, 201 6a

. Second Addendum to the Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment
for Dicamba DGA salt and its Degradate, 3,6,

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) for the Section 3

New Use on Dicamba

- Tolerant Soybean. D426789. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington,
DC. M arch 24, 2016.

USEPA, 2016 b

. Ecological Risk Assessment for Dicamba DGA Salt and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA), for the Proposed New Use on Dicamba

- Tolerant Cotton (MON 87701) . DP Barcodes: 404823

. Environ mental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington, DC. M arch 24,
2016

USEPA, 2016c. 3,6

- Diclor osalicyclic acid (DCSA): Benchmark Dose Analysis of a Reproduction Study. Health Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington D.C. March, 2, 2016. D431873.

USEPA, 2016d

. Addendum to Dicamba Diglycolamine Salt (DGA) Section 3 Risk Assessment: Refined Endangered Spe cies Assessment for Proposed New Uses on Herbicide

- Tolerant Soybean and Cotton

. DP Barcode s : 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 

### Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Pre vention. Washington, DC. M arch 24, 2016

USEPA, 2016e

. Addendu m to Dicamba Diglycolamine Salt (DGA) and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) Section 3 Risk Assessment: Refined Endangered Species Assessment for Proposed New Uses on Herbicide

- Tolerant Soybean and Cotton in in 11 U.S. States: (Arizona, Color ado, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia). D425049. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington,
DC. March 24, 201633 

### U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. Eastern Indigo Snake Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 23 pp.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1983. Attwater’s Prairie

- Chicken Recovery Plan ( Tympanuchus cupido atteri). Second Revision. http://www.fws.gov/southwest/docs/apcrecoveryplansecondrev.pdf

USFWS. 1984. A recovery plan for the Ozark big

- eared bat and the Virginia big

- eared bat. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cit ies, MN. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/840508.pdf

USFWS. 1990 . Ocelot Recovery Plan ( Leopardus pardalis ) Draft First Revision.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region. Al buquerque, New Mexico. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100826.pdf



### USFWS. 1993. Species profile: Virginia Big

- eared Bat ( Corynorhinus (=plecotus) townsendii virginianus ). http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A080



### USFWS. 1994. Mexican Long

- nosed Bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/940908.pdf

.

USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan For The Lyrate Bladderpod ( Lesquerella lyrata ) Rollins http: //ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/961017.pdf

USFWS. 2007. Red Wolf ( Canis rufus ) 5

- Year Status Review: Summary and Evaluation. Red Wolf Recovery Program Ofice, Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, Southeast Region,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Manteo, North Carolina. September 28, 2007.

USFWS 2009. Lyrate bladderpod ( Lesquerella lyrata )5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc2403.pd f

USFWS, 2010. Attwater’s Prairie

- Chicken Recovery Plan, Second Revision. Albuquerque, New
Mexico. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100426.pdf

USFWS, 2011 a . Eskimo Curlew ( Numeni us borealis ). 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Fairanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fairbanks, Alaska. August 31, 2011. http://ecos.fws.gov/ docs/five_year_review/doc3902.pdf

USFWS, 2011b. Houston toad ( Bufo houstonensis ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Austin Ecological Services Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin Texas.
USFWS. 2012 a . Final Biological Opinion For Ro zol Use on Black

- tailed Prairie Dogs

Re gistered Under Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act

. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Region 6 and Region 2

.34 

### USFWS, 2012b. Draft Gulf Coast Jaguarundi ( Puma yagouaroun di cacomitli ) Recovery Plan, First Revision. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region. Albuquerque, NM, URL: http://www.fws.gov/so uthwest/es/Documents/R2ES/Gulf_Coast_Jaguarundi_DRAFT_Recovery _Plan_24Dec2012.pdf

USFWS. 2014a. Species Profile for Virginia Big

- Eared bat ( Corynorhinus (=plecotus) townsendii virginianus ) http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A080

USFWS 2014b Species Profile for [Unnamed] gladecress ( Leavenworthia crassa ) http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=Q12K

USFWS 2014c. 2014. Designation of Critical Habitat for Physaria globosa (Short's bladderpod), Helianthus verticillatus (whorled sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa (fleshy

fruit gladecress) Final Rule. Federal Register Federal Register Volume 79 Number 165 August 26, 2014

.

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2014. Eskimo Curlew, A vanishing Speicies? Northern Prairie wildlife Research center, United Sta tes Geological Survey http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/curlew/identif.htm



### Whitaker, J.D. and W. J. Hamilton. 1998. Mammals of the Eastern United States. Cornell
Universi ty Press, Ithaca, NY.35 

### Appendix 1

Threatened and Endangered Species in Alabama , Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas

Common Name Scientific Name Taxon
Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Mammal
West Indian Manatee Trichechus ma natus Mammal
Finback whale Balaenoptera physalus Mammal Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Mammal Gray bat Myotis grisescens Mammal Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis Mammal
Louisiana black bear Ursus americanus luteolus Mammal Carolina northern flying s quirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Mammal Whooping crane Grus americana Bird
Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis Bird
Kirtland's Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii Bird

Red

- cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Bird
Wood stork Mycteria americana Bird Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Bird

Least tern Sterna antillarum Bird
Black

- capped Vireo Vireo atricapilla Bird

Lesser Prairie

- Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Bird
Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Reptile
Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys co riacea Reptile Kemp's ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii Reptile
Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas Reptile
Alabama red

- belly turtle Pseudemys alabamensis Reptile Copperbelly water snake Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta Reptile Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus Reptile
Snail darter Percina tanasi Fish Spotfin Chub Erimonax monachus Fish
Slackwater darter Etheostoma boschungi Fish Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Fish
Amber darter Percina antesella Fish Conasauga logperch Percina jenkins i Fish
Blackside dace Phoxinus cumberlandensis Fish
Boulder darter Etheostoma wapiti Fish
Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae Fish
Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi Fish
Blue shiner Cyprinella caerulea Fish Smalleye Shiner Notropis buccula Fish Pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus Fish Duskytail darter Etheostoma percnurum Fish Cumberland bean (pearlymussel) Villosa trabalis Bivalve36 purple cat's paw (=purple cat's paw pearlymussel) Epioblasma obliquata obliquata Bivalve Alabama lampmussel L ampsilis virescens Bivalve Pale lilliput (pearlymussel) Toxolasma cylindrellus Bivalve Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) Quadrula intermedia Bivalve Pink mucket (pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta Bivalve Dromedary pearlymussel Dromus dromas Bivalve

L ittlewing pearlymussel Pegias fabula Bivalve White wartyback (pearlymussel) Plethobasus cicatricosus Bivalve Finerayed pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus Bivalve Rough pigtoe Pleurobema plenum Bivalve Shiny pigtoe Fusconaia cor Bivalve Orangefoot pimpleback (p earlymussel) Plethobasus cooperianus Bivalve Fat pocketbook Potamilus capax Bivalve Spectaclecase (mussel) Cumberlandia monodonta Bivalve
Southern combshell Epioblasma penita Bivalve Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis Bivalve
Clubshell Pleurobema clava Bivalv e Cumberlandian combshell Epioblasma brevidens Bivalve Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana Bivalve Alabama (=inflated) heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus Bivalve Orangenacre mucket Lampsilis perovalis Bivalve Oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis Bivalve Slabside Pearlymussel Pleuronaia dolabelloides Bivalve Stirrupshell Quadrula stapes Bivalve
Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria Bivalve Finelined pocketbook Lampsilis altilis Bivalve
Northern riffleshell Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Bivalve
Ovate cl ubshell Pleurobema perovatum Bivalve
Southern clubshell Pleurobema decisum Bivalve Triangular Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus greenii Bivalve
Alabama moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus Bivalve
Coosa moccasinshell Medionidus parvulus Bivalve Southern pigt oe Pleurobema georgianum Bivalve
Snuffbox mussel Epioblasma triquetra Bivalve
Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Bivalve Georgia pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum Bivalve Fluted kidneyshell Ptychobranchus subtentum Bivalve Sheepnose Mussel Plethob asus cyphyus Bivalve Anthony's riversnail Athearnia anthonyi Gastropod Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides melissa samuelis Insect Mitchell's satyr Butterfly Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii Insect American burying beetle Nicrophorus americanus Insect

Hine 's emerald dragonfly Somatochlora hineana Insect Spruce

- fir moss spider Microhexura montivaga Arachnid37 Short's bladderpod Physaria globosa Dicot Price's potato

- bean Apios priceana Dicot
Braun's rock

- cress Arabis perstellata Dicot Cumberland rosemary C onradina verticillata Dicot

No common name Geocarpon minimum Dicot Spreading avens Geum radiatum Dicot Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Monocot Short's goldenrod Solidago shortii Dicot
Cumberland sandwort Arenaria cumberlandensis Dicot
Pitch er's thistle Cirsium pitcheri Dicot Leafy prairie

- clover Dalea foliosa Dicot
Roan Mountain bluet Hedyotis purpurea var. montana Dicot
Dwarf lake iris Iris lacustris Monocot Pondberry Lindera melissifolia Dicot Eastern prairie fringed orchid Platanther a leucophaea Monocot Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum Dicot
American chaffseed Schwalbea americana Dicot Large

- flowered skullcap Scutellaria montana Dicot Blue Ridge goldenrod Solidago spithamaea Dicot Tennessee yellow

- eyed grass Xyris tennesseensis Mono cot Virginia spiraea Spiraea virginiana Dicot Running buffalo clover Trifolium stoloniferum Dicot Lakeside daisy Hymenoxys herbacea Dicot
Morefield's leather flower Clematis morefieldii Dicot
Whorled Sunflower Helianthus verticillatus Dicot

American hart's

- tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium var.

americanum Ferns Louisiana quillwort Isoetes louisianensis Ferns Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Lichen
Red wolf Canis rufus Mammal North Atlantic Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis Mammal Sperm whale Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus) Mammal

Gulf Coast jaguarundi Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi
cacomitli Mammal

Virginia big

- eared bat Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus Mammal
Ocelot Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis Mammal Perdido Key beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis Mammal
Alabama beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus ammobates Mammal Mexican long

- nosed bat Leptonycteris nivalis Mammal Attwater's greater prairie

- chicken Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bird Bachman's warbler (=woo d) Vermivora bachmanii Bird Northern aplomado falcon Falco femoralis septentrionalis Bird Mexican spotted owl Strix occidentalis lucida Bird

Roseate tern Sterna dougallii dougallii Bird38 Golden

- cheeked warbler (=wood) Dendroica chrysoparia Bird
Southwe stern willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus Bird Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Reptile
Flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus Reptile Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais couperi Reptile

Texas blind salamander Typhlomolge rathbun i Amphibian
Houston toad Bufo houstonensis Amphibian
Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti Amphibian
San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana Amphibian Barton Springs salamander Eurycea sosorum Amphibian
Frosted Flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulat um Amphibian Jollyville Plateau salamander Eurycea tonkawae Amphibian Georgetown salamander Eurycea naufragia Amphibian
Salado salamander Eurycea chisholmensis Amphibian
Austin blind salamander Eurycea waterlooensis Amphibian
Reticulated flatwoods sal amander Ambystoma bishopi Amphibian Big Bend gambusia Gambusia gaigei Fish Clear Creek gambusia Gambusia heterochir Fish Comanche Springs pupfish Cyprinodon elegans Fish Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum Fish
Fountain darter Etheostoma fontico la Fish
Watercress darter Etheostoma nuchale Fish Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis Fish
Alabama cavefish Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni Fish Pygmy Sculpin Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus) Fish Cape Fear shiner Notropis mekistocholas Fish

Waccamaw silverside Menidi a extensa Fish San Marcos gambusia Gambusia georgei Fish Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus Fish Alabama sturgeon Scaphirhynchus suttkusi Fish
Cherokee darter Etheostoma scotti Fish

Devils River minnow Dionda diaboli Fish
Cahaba shiner Notropis cahabae Fish

Palezone shiner Notropis albizonatus Fish Sharpnose Shiner Notropis oxyrhynchus Fish Sunfish, spring pygmy Elassoma alabamae Fish
Goldline darter Percina aurolineata Fish
Relict darter Etheostoma chienense Fish
Etowah darter Etheostoma e towahae Fish

Vermilion darter Etheostoma chermocki Fish
Smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata Fish

Rush Darter Etheostoma phytophilum Fish Yellow blossom (pearlymussel) Epioblasma florentina florentina Bivalve Ring pink (mussel) Obovaria retusa Bivalve Flat pigtoe Pleurobema marshalli Bivalve39 Heavy pigtoe Pleurobema taitianum Bivalve Tar River spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana Bivalve
Choctaw bean Villosa choctawensis Bivalve
Cumberland elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea Bivalve Alabama pearlshell M argaritifera marrianae Bivalve Cracking pearlymussel Hemistena lata Bivalve James spinymussel Pleurobema collina Bivalve Altamaha Spinymussel Elliptio spinosa Bivalve Dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon Bivalve
Southern acornshell Epioblasma othca loogensis Bivalve Purple bankclimber (mussel) Elliptoideus sloatianus Bivalve Upland combshell Epioblasma metastriata Bivalve Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata Bivalve Carolina heelsplitter Lasmigona decorata Bivalve Southern kidneyshell Ptychobranc hus jonesi Bivalve Oval pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme Bivalve Narrow pigtoe Fusconaia escambia Bivalve Shinyrayed pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata Bivalve
Southern sandshell Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis Bivalve
Fat three

- ridge (mussel) Amblema neisler ii Bivalve Dark pigtoe Pleurobema furvum Bivalve
Gulf moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus Bivalve

Ochlockonee moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus Bivalve Chipola slabshell Elliptio chipolaensis Bivalve Fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum Bivalve

T apered pigtoe Fusconaia burkei Bivalve

N oonday globe Patera clarki nantahala Gastropod Phantom springsnail Pyrgulopsis texana Gastropod Phantom tryonia Tryonia cheatumi Gastropod

Armored snail Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta Gastropod

Pecos assiminea snail Assiminea pecos Gastropod Diamond Y Spring snail Pseudotryonia adamantina Gastropod
Tulotoma snail Tulotoma magnifica Gastropod Gonzales springsnail Tryonia circumstriata Gastropod Lacy elimia (snail) Elimia crenatella Gastropod Rough hornsnail Pleurocera foremani Gastropod Cylindrical lioplax (snail) Lioplax cyclostomaformis Gastropod Flat pebblesnail Lepyrium showalteri Gastropod
Painted rocksnail Leptoxis taeniata Gastropod
Plicate rocksnail Leptoxis plicata Gastropod
Round rocksnail Lep toxis ampla Gastropod Slender campeloma Campeloma decampi Gastropod Interrupted (=Georgia) Rocksnail Leptoxis foremani Gastropod Hungerford's crawling water Beetle Brychius hungerfordi Insect
Coffin Cave mold beetle Batrisodes texanus Insect40 Kretschma rr Cave mold beetle Texamaurops reddelli Insect Tooth Cave ground beetle Rhadine persephone Insect Comal Springs riffle beetle Heterelmis comalensis Insect Comal Springs dryopid beetle Stygoparnus comalensis Insect Saint Francis' satyr butterfly Neonym pha mitchellii francisci Insect [Unnamed] ground beetle Rhadine infernalis Insect
Helotes mold beetle Batrisodes venyivi Insect [Unnamed] ground beetle Rhadine exilis Insect
Bee Creek Cave harvestman Texella reddelli Arachnid
Bone Cave harvestman Texe lla reyesi Arachnid Tooth Cave pseudoscorpion Tartarocreagris texana Arachnid Tooth Cave Spider Leptoneta myopica Arachnid Cokendolpher Cave Harvestman Texella cokendolpheri Arachnid Government Canyon Bat Cave Spider Neoleptoneta microps Arachnid
Madl a's Cave Meshweaver Cicurina madla Arachnid
Robber Baron Cave Meshweaver Cicurina baronia Arachnid Government Canyon Bat Cave Meshweaver Cicurina vespera Arachnid
Braken Bat Cave Meshweaver Cicurina venii Arachnid Peck's cave amphipod Stygobromus (=Sty gonectes) pecki Crustacean Alabama cave shrimp Palaemonias alabamae Crustacean Kentucky cave shrimp Palaemonias ganteri Crustacean Diminutive Amphipod Gammarus hyalleloides Crustacean

Star cactus Astrophytum asterias Dicot Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) su nflower Helianthus paradoxus Dicot
Neches River rose

- mallow Hibiscus dasycalyx Dicot Kentucky glade cress Leavenworthia exigua laciniata Dicot Fleshy

- Fruit Gladecress Leavenworthia crassa Dicot Zapata bladderpod Lesquerella thamnophila Dicot Ashy dogw eed Thymophylla tephroleuca Dicot
South Texas ambrosia Ambrosia cheiranthifolia Dicot Little amphianthus Amphianthus pusillus Dicot
Tobusch fishhook cactus Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii Dicot Hairy rattleweed Baptisia arachnifera Dicot

Texa s poppy

- mallow Callirhoe scabriuscula Dicot
Small

- anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera Dicot Nellie cory cactus Coryphantha minima Dicot Bunched cory cactus Coryphantha ramillosa Dicot Sneed pincushion cactus Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii Dico t
Black lace cactus Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii Dicot Davis' green pitaya Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Dicot
Lloyd's Mariposa cactus Echinomastus mariposensis Dicot
Johnston's frankenia Frankenia johnstonii Dicot
Dwarf

- flowered heartleaf Hexastylis naniflora Dicot
Slender rush

- pea Hoffmannseggia tenella Dicot Lyrate bladderpod Lesquerella lyrata Dicot41 Walker's manioc Manihot walkerae Dicot
Mohr's Barbara button Marshallia mohrii Dicot Texas trailing phlox Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis Dicot Little Aguja (=Creek) Pondweed Potamogeton clystocarpus Monocot Hinckley oak Quercus hinckleyi Dicot Miccosukee gooseberry Ribes echinellum Dicot
Bunched arrowhead Sagittaria fasciculata Monocot
Green pitcher

- plant Sarracenia oreophila Dicot Fringed campion Silene polypetala Dicot
White

- haired goldenrod Solidago albopilosa Dicot Gentian pinkroot Spigelia gentianoides Dicot
Navasota ladies'

- tresses Spiranthes parksii Monocot
Texas snowbells Styrax texanus Dicot Cooley's meadowrue Th alictrum cooleyi Dicot
Persistent trillium Trillium persistens Monocot
Texas wild

- rice Zizania texana Monocot Large

- fruited sand

- verbena Abronia macrocarpa Dicot Sensitive joint

- vetch Aeschynomene virginica Dicot Terlingua Creek cat's

- eye Cryptantha c rassipes Dicot
Smooth coneflower Echinacea laevigata Dicot Chisos Mountain hedgehog Cactus Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis Dicot
Schweinitz's sunflower Helianthus schweinitzii Dicot Swamp pink Helonias bullata Monocot Heller's blazingstar Liat ris helleri Dicot Rough

- leaved loosestrife Lysimachia asperulaefolia Dicot Michigan monkey

- flower Mimulus michiganensis Dicot Canby's dropwort Oxypolis canbyi Dicot
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Dicot Alabama canebrake pitcher

- plant Sarracenia rubra alabamensis Dicot Mountain sweet pitcher

- plant Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii Dicot Houghton's goldenrod Solidago houghtonii Dicot
Seabeach amaranth Amaranthus pumilus Dicot White bladderpod Lesquerella pallida Dicot
Relict trillium Trillium reliquum M onocot Texas prairie dawn

- flower Hymenoxys texana Dicot
Alabama leather flower Clematis socialis Dicot Mountain golden heather Hudsonia montana Dicot
Kral's water

- plantain Sagittaria secundifolia Monocot Texas ayenia Ayenia limitaris Dicot
Texas Gold en Gladecress Leavenworthia texana Dicot
White irisette Sisyrinchium dichotomum Monocot Golden sedge Carex lutea Monocot Florida torreya Torreya taxifolia Conf/cycds Black spored quillwort Isoetes melanospora Ferns

Mat

- forming quillwort Isoetes tegeti formans Ferns42 Alabama streak

- sorus fern Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis Ferns
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens Mammal43 

### Appendix 2

Listed Species Rationale for NO Effects When Action Area is Limited to Treated Agricultural Fi el d

– Accounting for Spray Drift Mitigation Labeling Restrictions.

The spray drift (in

- field buffer) and rainfast mitigations discussed in the cotton section 3 ecological risk

assessment (D404823) , the concurrently issued soybean addendum (D426789) and at the beginning of this assessment are anticipated to restrict dicamba and DCSA residues above any threshold toxicity values to the agricultural field. Therefore, the following table describes the habitat and rationale for all listed species that were determined to not u se cotton and soybean fields or resources tha t may overlap with
dicamba DGA uses.

Species Habitat Rationale Source

Animals

Alabama beach

mouse ( Peromyscus polio notus ammobates ) Coastal sand dunes and coastal scrub (USFWS 1987, p. 2), (USFWS 2007, p. 4330); primary, secondary
and interior or scrub dunes (USFWS 2009, p. 4, 11) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sand
dunes of coastal

sc rub. USFWS. 1987. Recovery plan for the Choctawhatchee, Perdido Key
and Alabama Beach Mouse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 45 pp. Available online

at: http://ecos.fw s.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/870812.pdf

Federal Register. 2007. Department of the Interior, Fish
and Wildlife Service. 50 CFR Part 17. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation
of Critical Habitat for the Alabama Beach Mouse. Vol. 72, No. 19. January 30, 2007. Available
online at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2007

- 01

- 30/pdf/07

- 270.pdf#page=1

USFWS. 2009. Alabama beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus
ammobates , Bowen 1968), 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Daphne, Alabama. 34 pp.
Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc2996.pdf

.44 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Alabama Red

belly tu rtle ( Pseudemys
alabamensis ) Streams, lakes and sloughs (USFWS, 1990, p. 1) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with streams, likes or sloughs. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for
the Alabama Red

- bellied Turtle.
United States Fish and Wild life
Service. Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/900108.pdf

Austin blind
salamander ( Eurycea waterlooensis ) Strictly aquatic and spend
th eir entire lives
submersed in water from the
Barton Springs Segment of the Edwards Aquifer (Hillis et al. 2001, p. 273)( Page 51340) Rocky substrate, consisting of boulder, cobble, and gravel, with interstitial spaces that have minimal sediment (Page 51341) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with water
bodies. USFWS 2013. Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Austin Blind and Jollyville P lateau Salamanders; Final Rule

Bachman's
warbler ( Vermivora bachmanii ) Breeds in palustrine forested wetlands; seen near longleaf pine forest near brackish

mar sh. (USFWS 2007) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS 2007. Five Year Review: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1037.pdf

Barton Springs
salamander ( Eurycea

sosorum ) Aquatic. Stenothermal spring flows,
substrates are mixtures of gravel, cobble, aquatic plants, leaf litter and are free
of sedim ent. Pools and spring runs, subsurface portions of the aquifer (within water

- bearing karst formations). Found under boulder, cobble, gravel and plant (aquatic plants, leaf litter, woody debris) substrates. (USFWS 2005) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses

are no t expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2005. Barton Springs salamander ( Eurycea sosorum ) recovery plan. United States Fish
and Wildlife Service. Available
online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/050921.pdf

.45 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel) ( Villosa
trabalis ) Restricted typically to tributary strea ms of the upper
reaches of the Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers. This species is most often found associated with clean, fast flowing water in stable substrate, which contains relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand swept

- free from siltation. Typically, V. trabalis is found buried in
shallow riffle and shoal areas, often located under large rocks that must be removed by hand to inspect
the habitat underneath. Ideal
habitat conditions are difficult to find; much of the
historical habitat for the species has likely been degraded and may be incapable of currently harboring the species (US FWS 2010, p. 7). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2010. 5 Year Review. http://ecos.fws.go v/docs/five_year _review/doc3244.pdf

Rayed Bean ( Villosa fabalis ) Generally known from smaller, headwater creeks,
but occurrence records exist from larger rivers. Usually
found in or near shoal or
riffle areas and in the shallow, wave

- washed areas of gla cial lakes. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for the Rayed Bean and
Snuffbox Mussel s Throughout Their Ranges. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 02

- 14/pdf/2012

- 2940.pdf
B lack

- capped vireo ( Vireo atricapilla ) Insect

- eating, migratory songbird. Arrive in Texas
from mid

- March to mid

April, while those in
Oklahoma arrive approximately 10 days later. Breeding habitat is quite variable across its range, but is generally shr ublands with a distinctive patchy structure. The shrub vegetation is mostly deciduous and generally extends from the ground to about six feet above ground and covers The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
shrublands
associated with rocky gullies, edges of ravines, or eroded slopes. USFWS. 2007. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1073.pdf

USFWS. 1991. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws .gov/docs/recovery_ plan/910930h.pdf46 Species Habitat Rationale Source

about 30 to 60% of the total area. Open grassland separates the clumps of shrubs. (US FWS 2007, p. 7) From Oklahoma through most of Texas, this type of vegetational configuration occurs most frequently on rocky substrates with shallow soils, in rocky gullies, on edges of ravines, and on eroded slopes. (US FWS 1991, p. 20) Butterfly,
Karner blue ( Lycaeides
melissa
samuelis ) Habitat is successional areas with wild lupines, such as open areas in and near forest stands, along with old fields, highway and powerline rights

- of

- way, and remnant barrens and savannas, having
a broken or scattered tree or tall shrub canopy (US FWS, 2003. pp.28

- 30) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
successional areas with lupines or
other wildflowers. USFWS. 2003. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030919.pdf

Butterfly,
Mitchell's s atyr ( Neonympha
mitchellii
mitchellii ) Mitchell’s satyr habitat is best characterized as a sedge

dominated fen community;
Known habitats are all peatlands but range along a continuum from prairie/bog fen to sedge meadow/swamp. However, certain attributes at each site remain fairly
constant. All historical and
active habitats have a herbaceous community which is dominated by sedges, usually Carex stricta,
with scattered deciduous and/or coniferous trees, most
often L. laricina or Juniperus virginiana (red c edar) (US FWS 1998, pp. 11

- 12). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands or areas with sedge
communities. USFWS 1998. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/980402.pdf

Chub, spotfin ( Erimonax monachus ) The species is an insectivore, feeding diurnally presumably by both sight and taste in
benthic areas of slow to swift
current over various
substrates with little silta tion. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1983. Reco very Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/831121.pdf47 Species Habitat Rationale Source Streams may range from 15

- 60 m in width and, where occupied, 0.3

- 10.0 m in depth. Water temperature in their summer habitat usually reaches greater than 20°C, and submerged macrophytes are usually absent, occasionally common. The species has been obs erved associated with sand, gravel, rubble, boulder, and bedrock substrates (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1982) (US FWS 1983, p. 15).
Clubshell ( Pleurobema clava ) Clubshell is generally found in clean, coarse sand and gravel in runs, often just downstream of a riffle, and
cannot tolerate mud or
slackwater conditions (USFWS, 1994). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.go v/docs/recovery_ plan/940921.pdf

Clubshell, ovate ( Pleurobema
perovatum ) Sand/gravel shoals and runs of small rivers and large streams (US FWS 2000, p. 56) The pr oposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Clubshell,
southern ( Pleurobema
decisum ) Sand/gravel shoals and runs of small rivers and large streams (US FWS 2000, p. 58) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Combshell,
Cumberlandian ( Epioblasma brevidens ) This species inhabits
medium

- sized streams to large rivers on shoals and riffles in coarse, sand, gravel, cobble, and boulders. It is
not associated with small
stream habitats and tends not to extend as far upstream in tributaries (US FWS 2004, p. 18). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses
are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/040524.pdf48 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Combshell,
southern ( Epioblasma penita ) This species inhabits the Tombigbee River, which is a major western tributary of
the Mobile Basin. It is characterized by an increasing number of sand and gravel shoals and decreasing channel size (US FWS, 1989, p. 1) The pro posed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/891114e.pdf

Dace, blackside (Phoxinus
cumberlandensi

s ) This species inhabits cool, small, upland streams with
moderate flows. The fish is generally associated with
undercut stream banks and large rocks, and it is usually
found within well

- vegeta ted watersheds with good riparian vegetation (US FWS 1988, p. 6). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1988. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/880817.pdf

Darter, amber ( Percina antesella ) This species inhabits gentle riffle areas over sand, gravel,
and cobble substrates. Aquatic vegetation that develops in riffles provides habitat for feeding and cover (US FWS, 1986, p. 6). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1986. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/860620.pdf

Darter, boulder ( Etheostoma wapiti ) This species inhabits warm

water riverine environments and has been found only in
moderate to fast current over
boulder/slab rock substrate in water over 2 feet deep (US FWS, 1989, p. 2). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/890727.pdf

Darter, Cumberland ( Etheostoma

susanae ) This species inhabits pools or
shallow runs of low to moderate gradient sections of streams with stable sand, silt,
or sand

- cove red bedrock substrates (US FWS, 2012, p. 63605). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register Notice: Designated Critical
Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pk g/FR

2012

- 10

- 16/pdf/2012

- 24468.pdf

Darter, duskytail ( Etheostoma

percnurum ) This species inhabits rocky areas in gently flowing shallow pools and runs in large cr eeks and moderately large rivers in the Tennessee
and Cumberland River Systems (US FWS, 1994, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan.
h ttp://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/duskytaildarter_RP.pdf49 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Darter, slackwater ( Etheostoma boschungi ) Nonbreeding habitat is small to moderately large streams.
T he current is usually slow, and under normal conditions, the flow ranges from still to 0.34 m/sec. In small streams, the darters show no position preference; however, in large streams they seem to confine
themselves to near the banks
or to undercuts in the banks. They also occur on gravel infiltrated with silt, on silt and mud, or in a combination of these. The breeding habitat is seepage water in open fields and woods (US FWS, 1984, pp. 7

- 8). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with r ivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840308.pdf

Darter, snail ( Percina tanasi ) This species occupies seven
of nine tributaries of the upper Tennessee River in Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee (US FWS, 2013, p. 10). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. F ive Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc4136.pdf

Dragonfly,
Hine's emerald ( Somatochlora
hineana ) The H ine’s emerald dragonfly occupies gr ass marshes and sedge meadows fed primarily by water from
a mineral source or fens. Two important
characteristics of the habitat appear to be groundwater

fed, shallow water slowly flowing through vegetation, and underlying dolomitic or
limestone bedrock. Parts of the aquatic channels are typically covered by vegetation such as cattails or sedges. Soils can range from organic muck to mineral
soils like marl. Two other important components are areas of open vegetation for foraging and forests, trees or

s hrubs that provide shaded areas for perching or roosting. Nearby adjacent The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with grass marshes, sedge meadows, forested areas, or other
habitat where the
Hine’s emerald dragonfly is expected to be
found. USFWS. 2001. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan /010927.pdf50 Species Habitat Rationale Source forests may be deciduous (Illinois) or conifer (Wisconsin and Michigan).

Larvae are usually found in small flowing streamlets within cattail marshes, sedge meadows, and hummocks. Places with silt, leaf litter, and decaying grasses as a substrate are often used (US FWS, 2001, p. 15

- 16.).

Critical Habitat of 26,531 acres have been designated in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Missouri.
Almost half of this is Mackinac County, MI

. Elktoe, Appalachian ( Alasmidonta raveneliana ) This species has been reported from relatively
shallow medium

- sized creeks and rivers with cool, well

ox ygenated, and moderate

to fast

- flowing water. It has been observed in gravelly substrata, often mixed with cobble and boulders; in cracks in bedrock; and occasionally in relatively
silt

- free, coarse, sandy substrata (US FWS, 1996, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960826.pdf

False killer
whale ( Pseudorca
crassidens ) Deep water: “ They prefer tropical to temperate waters that are deeper than 3,300 feet (1000 m).” The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/speci
es/mammals/cetaceans/falsekillerw
hale.htm

Fanshell ( Cyprogenia stegaria ) The fanshell inhabits gravel substrates in medium to large
rivers of the Ohio River basin (US FWS, 1991, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies

. USFWS. 1991. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/910709.pdf51 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Flattened musk
turtle ( Sternotherus depressus ) Streams, Lake margins (USFWS 1990, p 3); spend
most of their time in benthic habitats (USFWS 1990, p 5) Optimum habitat includes
creeks and small rivers with vegetated areas with depth of
3

- 600 cm (USFWS 1990, p 3) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers,

st reams, creeks or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for
the Flattened Musk Turtle. United
States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery

_ plan/900226.pdf

Frosted
Flatwoods
salamander ( Ambystoma cingulatum ) Fire

- maintained, open

canopied, flatwoods and savannas dominated by longleaf pine ( Pinus

pa lustris ), with naturally occurring slash pine ( P. elliotti ) in wetter areas. Adults spend most of their lives underground. Breed in small, isolated ephemeral ponds (USFWS 2009) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
flatwoods or

sav annas. USFWS 2009. Federal Register, vol. 74, No. 62. 50 CFR 17. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of endangered status of reticulated flatwoods salamander; designation
of critical habitat for frosted
flatwoods salamander and

re ticulated flatwoods salamander.
United States Fish and Wildlife
Service. Available on line at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2009

- 02

- 10/pdf/E9

- 2403.pdf#page=1 Georgetown
salamander ( Eurycea naufragia ) Aquatic. The Northern Segment of the Edwards Aquifer, which is a karst aquifer characterized by o pen chambers such as caves, fra ctures, and other
cavities that were formed either directly or indirectly by dissolution of subsurface
rock form ations. (USFWS 2014, Pg. 10237) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with cave aquifers. USFWS 2014. Determination of Threatened Species Status for the Georgetown Salamander and Salado Salamander Throughout Their Ranges; Final Rule

Golden

- cheeked
warbler ( Dendroica chrysoparia ) Forest (USFWS 1992, p. 7) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forest. USFWS 1992. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS
website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/920930f.pdf Heelsplitter,
Alabama (=inflated) ( Potamilus
in

flatus ) This species prefers a soft,
stable substrate in slow to
moderate currents. It has been found in sand, mud, silt and sandy

- gravel, but not in large or armored gravel (US FWS, 1993, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expecte d to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1993. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/930413.pdf52 Species Habitat Rationale Source Jollyville
Plateau
salamander ( Eurycea tonkawae ) Jollyville Plateau
salamanders are strictly aquatic and spend
their entire
lives submersed in water
sourced from the Northern Segment of the
Edwards Aquifer, the Trinity Aquifer,
and local alluvium (loose
unconsolidated soils) (COA 2001, pp. 3

– 4; Bowles et al. 2006, p. 112; Johns 2011, p. 5

– 6). ( Page 51340) Rocky substrate, consisting of boulder, cobble, and gravel, with interstitial spaces that have minimal sediment (Page 51341) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses

are no t expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks or
other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Austin Blind and Jollyville Plateau
Sal amanders; Final Rule

Kidneyshell,
fluted ( Ptychobranchu
s subtentum ) Associated with the
Cumberland and Tennessee River drainages. Generally
live embedded in th e bottom
of stable streams and other bodies of water, and within
riffle areas of sufficient
current velocities to remove finer sediments and provide well oxygenated waters (US FWS, 2013, p. 59560) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap w ith rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical
Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 09

- 26/pdf/2013

- 23357.pdf

Kidneyshell, triangular ( Ptychobranchu s greenii ) Sand/gravel shoals and runs of small rivers and large streams (US FWS 2000, p. 60) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other wa ter bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/850702.pdf

Lampmussel,
Alabama ( Lampsilis
virescens ) This species inhabits sand
and gravel substrates in small to medium sized streams (US FWS, 1985, p. 9). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1985. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/85 0702.pdf53 Species Habitat Rationale Source Lilliput, pale (pearlymussel) ( Toxolasma cylindrellus ) This species is observed in clean, fast

- flowing water in
substrates that contain relatively firm r ubble, gravel, and sand substrates swept
free from siltation. These mussels are usually found
buried in the substrate in
shallow riffle and shoal areas (US FWS, 1984, p. 5). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers,
streams, c reeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840822.pdf

Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta
Caretta ) Ocean, Beache s, Neritic zone (NMFS 2009, p I

- 20) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. NMFS and USFWS. 2009. Recovery Plan for the Northwest Atlantic Population of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Second Revision. US Department of
C ommerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service
and United States Fish and
Wildlife Service. Available online

at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recover y_ plan/090116.pdf

Logperch, Conasauga ( Percina jenkinsi ) This species has been collected in deep shuts and flowing pools with clear, clean gravel and mixed
rubb le substrates in areas
with moderate to swift currents (US FWS, 1986, p. 8). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1986. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/ 860620.pdf

Lynx, Canada ( Lynx canadensis ) PCE: Boreal forest landscapes with large populations of snowshoe
hares. Distribution and abundance of prey and
microclimate influence movement, hunting behavior, and den and resting site
locations. Areas with dens e

cover. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with boreal forests. The lynx’s prey, snowshoe hares, also do not overlap with the proposed dicamba
DGA use sites. USFWS. 2014. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical
Habitat

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2014

- 09

- 12/pdf/2014

- 21013.pdf

Manatee, We st Indian ( Trichechus

manatus ) This species lives in freshwater, brackish and marine habitats (US FWS, 2001, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. US FWS. 2001. Recovery Plan

Third Revision. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/011030.pdf54 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Mexican long

nosed bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) T he Mexican long

- nosed bat has evolved an apparent
mutualistic association with Agave sp. The bat is principally a nectar feed er, foraging on the flowers of Agave , and in some minor proportions consuming the pollen, fruits, and any
incidental insects associated
with the flowers. The bats occupy mid

- to high

elevational desert scrub, open conifer

- oak woodlands, and pine forest h abitats in the Upper Sonoran and
Transition Life Zones. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the desert scrub, open
conifer

- oak woodlands and pine
forest habitats of
the bat . The bat’s major resource need, Agave plants

are not e xpected to be on soybean and
cotton fields. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan.

https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery _plan/940908.pdf

Mexican spotted owl ( Strix
occident alis
lucida ) Forest and canyonlands in SW U.S. (USFWS 2011, p. 7). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests or Canyonlands. USFWS 2011. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS
website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/FR00000557

- %20BP031995%20Draft%20MSO %20Recovery%20Plan%20First% 20Revision.pdf Moccasinshell,
Alabama ( Medionidus
acutissimus ) Inhabits sand/gravel/cobble
shoals with moderate to strong currents in streams and small rivers. (US FWS 2000, p. 51) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Moc casinshell,
Coosa ( Medionidus parvulus ) Inhabits sand/gravel/cobble
shoals with moderate to strong currents in streams and small rivers. (US FWS 2000, p. 52) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Monkeyface,
Cumberland (pearlymussel) ( Quadrula
intermedia ) This speci es is most often
observed in clean

- fast

flowing water in substrates that contain relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand substrates swept free from
siltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the
substrate in shallow riffle The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840709b.pdf55 Species Habitat Rationale Source and shoal areas (US FW S, 1984, p. 9).

Mucket,

orangenacre ( Lampsilis perovalis ) Currently restricted to high quality stream and small river habitat, the species is
found on stable sand/gravel/cobble substrate
in moderate to swift currents (US FWS 20 00, p. 55) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Mucket, pink (pearlymussel) ( Lampsilis abrupta ) The pink mucket may still
exist in stretches of the lower Ohio River (US FWS, 1985, p. 10).

The pink mucket habitat is large rivers at least 60 feet wide, where it occur s at depths up to 25 feet deep. Currents are typically
moderate to fast and substrates range from silt to boulders, rubble, gravel, and sand (US FWS, 1985, p. 11). The species seems to have adapted to living in impounded waters, at least in the upper rea ches where the water is flowing (US FWS, 1985, p. 10). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1985. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/pink%20mucket%20rp.pdf

Mussel, oyster ( Epioblasma capsaeformis ) This species is generally adapted to live in the gravel
shoals of free

- flowing rivers and streams (US FWS, 2004,
Executi ve Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/040524.pdf

Mussel, sheepnose ( Plethobasus cyphyus ) The sheepnose is a larger

stream species occurring primarily in shallow shoal
habitats with moderate to
swift currents over coarse sand and gravel. Habitats with sheepnose m ay also have mud, cobble, and The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Feder al Register
Notice: Final Rule. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 03

- 13/pdf/2012

- 5603.pdf56 Species Habitat Rationale Source boulders. Sheepnose in larger rivers may occur at depths exceeding 6 m (US FWS, 2012, p 14916).

Mussel,
snuffbox ( Epioblasma triquetra ) The habitat is described as swift currents and riffles, and
shoals and wave

- washed shores of lakes over gravel
and sand with occasional cobble and boulders. They generally burrow deep into the substrate (US FWS, 2010, p 67554). This constitutes a wide diversity
of habitats. Howeve r, they do not occur in impounded areas or reservoirs (except tailwaters) (US FWS, 2012, p 8652). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2010. Federal Register Notice: Listing. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2010

- 11

- 02/pdf/2010

- 27413.pdf#page=2

USFWS. 2012. Federal Register
Notice: Final Rule. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 02

- 14/pdf /2012

- 2940.pdf

North Atlantic Right Whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) The North Atlantic right whale primarily occurs in coastal or shelf waters, but may go into deeper waters. (NMFS 2004, p. v) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. NMFS. 2004. Recovery plan for the north Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ). Available
online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/whale_right_northatlantic.pdf

Northern aplomado falcon ( Falco femoralis septentrio nalis ) Open terrain with scattered
trees or shrubs. Found along yacca covered sand ridges in co a stal pra i ries Riparian woodlands in open grasslands Desert grasslands (USFWS 1990, p. 13). Recommend off

field status for row crop agriculture. According t o the Aplomado Recovery Plan (USFWS 1990),
suitable habitat
contains of terrain
with inter

- tree distances of 15 to
45 m with a mean
of 30 m and a woody plant density of 0.48
tree/ha. The
suitable land covers include yucca

covered ridges of coastal prairies

, USFWS 1990. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS
website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/900608.pdf57 Species Habitat Rationale Source grasslands, prairies, desert grasslands, and riparian
wooded areas near open grasslands. While the recovery plan is not specific as to row crop usage by the species, additional
information on
monitored
individual falcons
in Texas indicated that the only agricultural
association with foraging falcons is for grazing lands
and for fallow agricultural fields. (Perez et al. 1996) Pearlymussel, dromedary ( Dromus dromas ) This species is most often observed in clean, fast

flowing water in substrates that contain relatively firm rubble, gravel and sand substrates swept free from
siltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the
substrate in shallow riffle and shoal areas (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses
are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840709c.pdf

Pearlymus sel, littlewing ( Pegias fabula ) This species inhabits small to medium, low turbidity, cool

water, high to moderate gradient streams in the
Cumberland and Tennessee River basins (US FWS, 1989, p. 5). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to
overla p with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/890922.pdf

Pearlymussel,
Slabside ( Pleu ronaia dolabelloides ) Associated with the
Cumberland and Tennessee River drainages. Generally
live embedded in the bottom
of stable streams and other bodies of water, and within
riffle areas of sufficient
current velocities to remove The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical
Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov /fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 09

- 26/pdf/2013

- 23357.pdf58 Species Habitat Rationale Source finer sediments and p rovide well oxygenated waters (US FWS, 2013, p. 59560)

Perdido Key
beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis ) Coastal sand dunes & coastal scrub (USFWS 1987, p. 2);

p rimary, secondary and
interior or scrub dunes (USFWS 2007, p. 9) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sand
dunes or coastal
scrub. USFWS. 1987. Recovery plan for the Choctawhatchee, Perdido Key
and Alabama Beach Mouse. U.S.
Fi sh and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 45 pp. Available online

at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/870812.pdf

.

USFWS. 2007. Perdido Key Beach Mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus
triss yllepsis ), 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Panama City, Florida. 24 pp. Available
online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1081.pdf

. Pigtoe, finerayed ( Fusconaia cuneolus ) This species is typically a riffle species that inhabits
ford and shoal areas in free

flowing streams of moderate gradient (US FWS, 1984, p. 7). The pr oposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/fine%20rayed%20recov%20p lan.pdf

Pigtoe, Georgia ( Pleurobema hanleyianum ) This species requires flowing water, stable stream channels
with minimal sediment and algae growth, and adequate water quality. It also requires a host fish, which is curre ntly unknown (US FWS, 2013, Executive Summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. Draft Recovery
Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Hartfield%20and%20Powe ll %202013%20Draft%20Three%20 Mollusks%20RP%20062813.pdf

Pigtoe, rough ( Pleurobema plenum ) The rough pigtoe habitat is medium to large rivers, 60 feet or wider, in sand and gravel substrates. Very
limited collection information suggests it occurs below spillways, in transition zones, and in sand and gravel substrates (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers,

streams , creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840806.pdf59 Species Habitat Rationale Source Pigtoe, shiny
Entire ( Fusconaia cor ) This species is typically a riffle species, found along fords and shoals of clear,
moderate to fast

- flowing
streams and rivers with
stable substrate. It does not inhabit deep pools or impounded areas. This species is usually found well

buried in the substrate during

m ost of the year and is more readily visible in early summer (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery

_ plan/840709d.pdf

Pigtoe, southern ( Pleurobema georgianum ) Sand/gravel shoals and runs of small rivers and large streams (US FWS 2000, p. 59) The proposed
dicamb a DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2000. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/001117.pdf

Pimpleback, orangefoot (pearlymussel) ( Plethobasus cooperianus ) The 1984 Recovery Plan indicated that the orange

- foot pimpleback was known from the Tennessee, Cumberland, and lower Ohio Rivers (US FWS, 1984. p. 2). The
habitat is described as
med ium to large rivers in sand and gravel substrates.
In the Ohio River it was
collected from 15

- 29 feet depths, but may have lived in shallower riffles (US FWS, 1984, p. 6). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers,
streams, cre eks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/840930b.pdf

Plover, piping except Great
Lakes
watershed ( Charadrius
melodus ) The northern Great Plains DPS of the piping plover utilizes four types of habitats for breeding: alkali lakes and wetlands, inland lakes (Lake of the Woods), reservoirs, and rivers. Most breeding occurs along alkali lakes and wetlands,
where n esting sites are generally wide, gravelly, salt
encrusted beaches with minimal vegetation. At inland lakes, they use barren The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with shorelines, beaches,
and sandbars of
rivers and alkali
wetlands. USFWS. 2002. Federal Register
Notice. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr3943 .pdf60 Species Habitat Rationale Source to sparsely vegetated islands, beaches, and peninsulas. Sparsely vegetated sandbars
and reservoir shorelines are preferred in rive rine systems (US FWS, 2002, p. 57640). Pocketbook, fat ( Potamilus

capax ) The fat pocketbook is a large river species requiring flowing water and a stable substrate, which can vary widely but is mo st likely a mixture of sand, silt and clay. It occurs in water from a few inches deep to at least
8 feet. Habitat includes drainage ditches. (US FWS, 1989, p. 6). Populations have been found in larger
rivers in the Ohio River system, and it may occur as deep as 20 feet (US FWS, 2012, p. 7

- 8). It can also tolerate periods of high suspended sediments (US FWS, 2012, p. 11). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery P lan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/891114c.pdf

USFWS. 2012. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/891114c.pdf

Pocketbook,
finelined ( Lampsilis
altilis ) Live embedded in the bottom sand, gravel, and/or cobble
substrates of rivers and streams (US FWS 2004, p. 40097). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to

over lap with rivers, streams, creeks or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical
Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2004

- 07

- 01/pdf/04

- 14279.pdf#page=1 Purple Cat's paw (=Purple Cat's paw pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma obliquata obliquata ) Inhabits boulder to sandy substrates in large rivers of the Ohio River basin (US FWS 1992, Executive summary). The proposed
dicamba DGA us es are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1992. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/920310.pdf

Rabbitsfoot ( Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica ) “Rabbits foot is primarily an
inhabitant of small to
medium sized streams and some larger rivers. It usually
occurs in shallow water areas along the bank and adjacent
runs and shoals with reduced
water velocit y." They have been reported in deep water runs up to 12 feet depth. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodi es. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register
Notice. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 10

- 16/pdf/2012

- 24151.pdf61 Species Habitat Rationale Source "Bottom substrates generally include gravel and sand" (US FWS, 2012, p. 63446).

Red Hills
salamander ( Phaeognathus
hubrichti ) Mesic ravi ne slopes and bluff sides (facing North) with
hardwood trees.
Burrows within siltstone. Usually found on sites with loamy, friable topsoils (USFWS 1983) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1983. Recovery plan for
the red hills salamander ( Phaeognathus hubrichti Highton).
United States Fish and Wildlife
Service. Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recove ry_ plan/831123.pdf
Reticulated
flatwoods
salamander ( Ambystoma bishopi ) Aquatic and terrestrial. Longleaf pine ecosystems (Coastal Plain in what were
historicall y longleaf pine

wiregrass flatwoods and savannas). Adults spend most of their lives underground. Breed in small, isolated ephemeral ponds. (USFWS 2009) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water b odies. USFWS 2009. Federal Register, vol. 74, No. 26. 50 CFR 17. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of endangered status of reticulated flatwoods salamander; designation
of critical habitat for frosted
flatwoods salamander and

ret iculated flatwoods salamander.
United States Fish and Wildlife
Service. Available on line at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2009

- 02

- 10/pdf/E9

- 2403.pdf#page=1 Riffleshell,
northern ( Epioblasma
torulosa rangiana ) The habitat of the riffleshell occurs in packed sand and gravel in riffles and runs, and
also in the western basin of
Lake Erie where there is
sufficient wave action to produce continuously moving water (US FWS, 1994, p. 18). FWS further
describes the habitat as medium to large rivers where they are often associated with high water velocities, although they have also be en documented in Lake Erie and in deep more slow

- flowing rivers down to 20 feet (US FWS, 2009. p. 9). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/940921.pdf

USFWS. 2009. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3284.pdf62 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Riversnail, Anthony's ( Athearnia anthonyi ) This species is typically found in large streams on large submerged objects (e.g., rocks and logs) or gravelly substrata in relatively shallow, moderately to fast

- flowing water (US FWS, 1997). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1997. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/970813.pdf

Roseate tern ( Sterna dougallii dougallii ) Rocky offshore islands with sparse vegetation; although
Northeastern Roseate tern nest under vegetation or some other shelter (USFWS 1993, p. 3). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses

ar e not expected to overlap with
offshore islands

. USFWS 1993. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS
website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/930924_v2.pdf

Salado
salamander ( Eurycea chisholmensis ) Aquatic. The Northern Segment of the
Edwards Aquifer, which is a karst aquifer characterized by open chambers such as caves, fracture s, and other
cavities that were formed either directly or indirectly by dissolution of subsurface
rock
form ations. (USFWS 2014, Pg. 10237) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USF WS 2014. Determination of Threatened Species Status for the Georgetown Salamander and Salado Salamander Throughout Their Ranges; Final Rule

San Marcos
salamander ( Eurycea nana ) Aquatic Spring Lake. Found among aquatic plants
on the bottom of the lake.
Found under stones in sand and gravel areas. Must have flowing water (from springs flowing into Spring Lake). (USFWS 1996) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1996. San Marcos and Comal Springs and associated aquatic ecosystems (Revised) recovery pl an. United States Fish
and Wildlife Service. Available
online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960214.pdf

Sea turtle, green ( Chelonia mydas ) Green turtles are primarily restricted to tropical and subtropical waters. In U.S.
Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters, green turtles are
found from
Massachusetts to Texas and in the U.S. Virgin Island s and Puerto Rico...Seagrasses are the principal dietary The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

coasta l waters. NMFS, NOAA. 1998. Federal Register Notice: Designated
critical habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr3295.pdf63 Species Habitat Rationale Source component of juvenile and adult green turtles throughout the Wider Caribbean region (Bjorndal, 1995). (NMFS, NOAA 1998, p. 46694)

Sea turtle,
hawksbill ( Eret mochelys
imbricata ) The hawksbill turtle occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Coral reefs, like those found in the waters surrounding Mona and Monito Islands, are widely recognized as the primary foraging habitat of juvenile, subadult, and adult
hawksbill turtles. This habitat association is directly related to the species’ highly specific diet of sponges (Meylan, 1988). Hawksbills depend on coral reefs for food and shelter; therefore,
the condition of reef s directly
affects the hawksbill’s well

being. (NMFS, NOAA 1998, p. 46695) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 1998. Federal Register Notice: Designated
critical habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fed eral_re gister/fr3295.pdf

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley ( Lepidochelys kempii ) This life history pattern is characterized by three basic ecosystem zones: (1)
Terrestria l zone (supralittoral)

- the nesting beach where both oviposition and embryonic development occur; (2) Neritic zone

- the nearshore (including bays and sounds) marine environment (from the surface to the sea floor) where water depths do not
exceed 200 mete rs, including the continental shelf; and (3)
Oceanic zone

- the vast open ocean environment (from the surface to the sea floor) where water depths are greater than 200 meters. (NMFS, NOAA 2011, p. I

- 8) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to

over lap with
coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 2011. Bi

- national recovery plan for the kemp's ridley
sea turtle. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/090116.pdf64 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Sea turtle

, leatherback ( Dermochelys
coriacea ) Leatherbacks are able to take advantage of a wide variety of marine ecosystems (reviewed by Saba 2013; see NOAA large marine ecosystem website: http://www.lme.noaa.gov/). Within these ecosystems,
various oceanic featur es such as water temperature, downwelling, Ekman upwelling, sea surface height, chlorophyll

- a concentration, and mesoscale eddies affect the presence of leatherbacks (Bailey et al. 2013; Benson et al. 2011). The physical characteristics
observed within the se marine ecosystems also affect the
distribution and abundance of leatherback prey (reviewed by Saba 2013). (NFMS, NOAA 2013, p. 20

- 22). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 2013. Five Year
Review.
h ttp://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/090116.pdf

Shiner,
Arkansas River ( Notropis girardi ) Wilde et al. (2000) found no
obvious selection for or avoidance of any particular habitat type (i.e., main channel, side channel, backwaters, and pools) by
Arkansas River shiner.
Arkansas River shiners did
tend to select side channels and backwaters slightly more than expected based on the availability of these habitats (Wild e et al. 2000). Likewise, they appeared to
make no obvious selection for, or avoidance of, any particular substrate type. Substrates (i.e., the river bed)
in the Canadian River in
New Mexico and Texas were predominantly sand, however, the Arkansas River
sh iner was observed to occur over silt slightly more than The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. US FWS. 2005. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical
Habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ pl an/950830.pdf65 Species Habitat Rationale Source expected based on the availability of this substrate (Wilde et al. 2000) ; preferred habitat for the
Arkansas River shiner is the mainstem of larger plains rivers... historically inhabited
the main ch annels of wide, shallow, sandy

- bottomed rivers and larger streams of
the Arkansas River basin (Gilbert 1980). Adults are uncommon in quiet pools or backwaters lacking streamflow, and almost never occurred in habitats having deep water and bottoms of
mud or stone (Cross 1967) (US FWS 2005). Shiner, blue ( Cyprinella
caerulea ) The blue shiner primarily occupies second to fourth order, moderate gradient streams within the Ridge and Valley and Piedmont physiographic provinces of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee (Smith

- Vaniz 1968, Ramsey 1976, Krotzer 1984, Ramsey and Pierson 1986, Pierson and Krotzer 1987, Mayden 1989, Pierson et al. 1989, Boschung 1992, Etnier and Starnes 1993, Dobson 1994). Most watersheds where it is found are predominately forested, and agriculture and urban development are minimal. For example in Alabama,
land cover in the
Choccolocco watershed is 66 percent forest, 20 percent pasture, and 13 percent agriculture...It pref ers a sand or sand and gravel substrate sometimes with cobble, low to moderate velocity current, and a depth of about 0.15 to 1 meters (0.5 to 3 feet) The prop osed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. US FWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/950830.pdf66 Species Habitat Rationale Source (Gilbert et al. 1979; Krotzer 1984, Pierson and Krotzer 1987, Dobson 1994) (US FWS 1995, p. 3

- 4)

Shiner, smalleye ( Notropis buccula ) Occur in fairly shallow, flowing water, often less than 0.5 m deep with sandy substrates (US FWS 2014, p. 45252) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks , or other water bodies. USFWS. 2014. Designation of
Critical Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2014

- 08

- 04/pdf/2014

- 17694.pdf

Snake, copperbelly water ( Ner odia erythrogaster neglecta ) Copperbellies are generally
affiliated with wetlands and prefer shallow wetlands,
such as shrub

- scrub wetlands dominated by buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), emergent wetlands, or the margins of palustrine open water

wet lands. Buttonbrush swamps are used as basking areas. Areas frequented by copperbellies generally have an open canopy, shallow water, and short dense vegetation. Uplands are also import ant. (US FWS, 2008, p. 17

- 18).

Critical Habitat has not been designated for the snake
because of concerns related to illegal collection (US FWS, 2008. p. 20). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS. 2008. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/081223.pdf

Spectaclecase (mussel) ( Cumberlandia
monodonta ) The spectaclecase generally inhabits large rivers where it
occurs in microhabitats
sheltered from the main force
of current. It occurs in a variety of substrates from mud and sand to gravel, cobble, and boulders in relatively shallow riffles and
shoals with a slow to swift
current. It is most often The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register
Notice: Final Rule.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 03

- 13/pdf/2012

- 56 03.pdf67 Species Habitat Rationale Source

found in firm mud between large rocks in quiet water very near the interface with swift currents (US FWS, 2012, p 14916).

Spider, spruce

fir moss ( Microhexura montivaga ) Typical habitat appears to be associated with moist, well

drained moss mats growing
on rocks and boulders i n well

- shaded situations in mature high

- elevation conifer forests dominated by Fraser fir, Abiesfraseri, often with scattered red spruce, Picea rubens. (US FWS 1998, p. iii) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with high

elevation con ifer
forests. USFWS, 1998, Recovery Plan.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2011

- 09

- 27/pdf/2011

- 24046.pdf

Southwestern
willow flycatcher ( Empidonax
traillii extim us ) Breeding: Forested wetlands
or scrub

- shrub wetlands

dense riparian habitat of rivers, swamps, wetlands, lakes (USFWS 2002, p. iv). Wintering: brushy savanna edges, second growth, shrubby clearings and pastures, woodlands near water (USFWS 2002, p. iv ). Recommend off

field status for row crop agriculture. According to the
Critical Habitat designation document (USFWS 2013) essential
characteristics for
southwestern will flycatcher habit include riparian areas for flowing stream that support expansive ri parian vegetation areas. Riparian trees and understory species
are viewed as
essential elements of flycatcher habitat. Row crop soy and corn are
monocultures of

non

- riparian vegetation and consequently not
suitable habitat for this species. USFWS 2002. Sp ecies specific recovery plan available on FWS
website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plans/2002/020830c.pdf

USFWS. 2013. Designation of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher
Critical Habitat: Final Rule. Federal Register Vol. 78 No.2.68 Species Habitat Rationale Source Sperm whale ( Physeter
catodon (=macrocephal us) ) Ocean/ Water depth of 1968 feet or more (NMFS 2012) The propo sed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. NMFS. 2012. Sperm whales ( Physeter catodon ). National
Marine Fisheries Service.
Available online at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/speci es/mammals/cetaceans/spermwhal
e.htm Squirrel,
Carolina northern flying ( Glaucomys
sabrinus
colorat us ) Species composition of the occupied forest may vary in different locations, some
combination of hardwoods and conifers (particularly spruce and fir) appears essential to support these
animals...Food sources for the Carolina northern flying squirrel in clude fungi, lichens, staminate cones, insects, and other animal matter (US FWS 1990, p. 6

- 7) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
hardwood and
conifer forests. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for Appalachian Northern Flying Squirrels . United States Fish and
Wildlife Service.

Stirrupshell ( Quadrula
stapes ) Habitat is the Tombigbee River, characterized by an increasing number of sand and grave l shoals and decreasing channel size in the upper portions (US FWS, 1989). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/8 91114e.pdf

Sturgeon, gulf ( Acipenser oxyrinchus
desotoi ) The Gulf sturgeon is an
Anadromous fish which migrates from salt water into large coastal rivers to spawn and spend the warm months. The majority of its life is spent in fresh water (US FWS, 1995). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/d ocs/recovery_ plan/950922.pdf

Sturgeon, pallid ( Scaphirhynchu
s albus ) Habitat is the bottom in swift waters of large, turbid, free

flowing rivers, often over
sand substrates, but other
substrates include at least gravel and rock. Sloughs, chutes, and side channels
that transition from floodplain to the main channels are apparently important as spawning, nursery, and feeding areas. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses

a re not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 2014. Recovery Plan. http ://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Pallid%20Sturgeon%20Reco very%20Plan%20First%20Revisio n%20signed%20version%2001291 4_3.pdf

USFWS. 2007. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1059.pdf69 Species Habitat Rationale Source Within the subject states, this
ha bitat occurs in the Mississippi and Missouri rivers (US FWS, 1993, pp 6

- 7). Within this habitat, they
tend to select main channel habitats in the Mississippi River, and main channel
habitats with islands or sand bars in the upper Missouri River (US FWS, 2 007. p. 8). They do not typically occur in impounded areas due to
lower flows and other hydrologic factors, nor where
channel stabilization has reduced channel meandering and access to floodplain areas (US FWS, 2007, p. 38). Tern, least interior pop. ( Sterna antillarum ) Species is a piscivore, feeding in shallow waters of rivers, streams (USFWS, 1990, p. 20). Beaches, sand pits, sandbars, islands and peninsulas are the princip al breeding habitats of coastal areas and nesting can be close to water but is usually
between the dune environment and the high tide line. Vegetation at coastal nesting areas is sparse, scattered and short. Riverine nesting areas are sparsely vegetated sand and gravel bars within a wide unobstructed river channel, or salt flats along lake shorelines. Nesting occurs along river banks (US FWS, 1990, p. 20). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with riparian areas, including coastal

ar eas. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/900919a.pdf

Texas blind
salamander ( Typhlomolge
rathbuni ) A quatic, subterranean (caves) (USFWS 1996) The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or
other water bodies. USFWS. 1996. San Marcos and Comal Springs and associated aquatic ecosystems (Revised) recovery plan. United States Fish
and Wildlif e Service. Available
online at:70 Species Habitat Rationale Source http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960214.pdf

Warbler,
Kirtland’s ( Setophaga
kirtlandii ) Forests (US FWS 1985, p. 8)

During breeding, Kirtland’s
warbler s are located in Michigan. Its wintering grounds are located in the Bahamas, where it spends 8 months of the year (September

- April). (US FWS 1985)

In migration, the bird travels a fairly direct route between its nesting and wintering ranges, entering and leaving
the continent at the coast of
North and South Carolina (USFWS 1985, p. 5).

With one or few exceptions,
all nests have been found on Grayling sand soil (USFWS 1985, p. 7). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. USFW S. 1985 Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Plan, Updated

. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/850930.pdf

Whale, finback ( Balaenoptera physalus ) Fin whales are found in deep, offshore waters of all major oceans, primarily in temperate to polar latitudes, and less commonly in the tropics. They occur year

round in a wide range of
latitudes and l ongitudes, but the density of individuals in any one area changes seasonally. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/speci
es/mammals/cetaceans/finwhale.ht

m

Whale, humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) During migration, humpbacks stay near the
surface of the ocean.

While feeding and calving, humpbacks prefer shallow waters. During calving, humpbacks ar e usually found The proposed
dicamba DGA uses

are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/speci es/mammals/cetaceans/humpback
whale.htm71 Species Habitat Rationale Source

in the warmest waters
available at that latitude. Calving grounds are commonly near offshore reef systems, islands, or
continental shores.

Humpback feeding grounds are in cold, productive
coastal waters. Wartyback,
white (pearlymussel) ( Plethobasus
cicatricosus ) The white wartyback has undergone a substantial range reduction and is considered to be possibly extinct. It was historically distributed in the Wabash, Ohio, Kanawha, Cumberland, Holston, and
Tennessee Rivers of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River systems; however, no live specimens
have been recovered from these drainages since the early 1900s). The white wartyback may still exist in a
short reach of the Tennessee
River below Pickwick Dam. No living populations have
been found in numerous surveys conducted in the
Tennessee River since the 1960s; however, fresh dead specimens were collected in 1979 and 1982 below
Pickwick Dam near Savannah, Tennessee . If this species still exists, the viability of remaining populations is extremely
threatened The white wartyback is a riffle species that is typically
found in lar ge rivers in gravel substrates. The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
coastal waters. USFWS, 1984, Recovery Plan White Warty

- backed Pearlymussel http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/060313h.pdf http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F00M.html72 Species Habitat Rationale Source Woodpecker,
red

- cockaded Entire ( Picoides
borealis ) Habitat: Forest, Savannah (open pine woodlands and savannahs with large old pines) (US FWS 2003, p. x)

Habitat size (home range):
116

– 357 acres (US FWS 2003, p. 49) Proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap
with forest or
savannah. USFWS. 2003. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_ plan/030320_2.pdf

Wood stork ( Mycteria
americana ) Freshwater and estuarine Wetlands. (US FWS 1986, p. iii).

Wood storks breed in FL, GA and SC. They migrate south in winter (US FWS 1986, p. 2).

Require a mosaic of wetlands with varying climatologic al
and seasonal conditions
around colonies and within the wintering habitat in the coastal plain of the Southeast U.S. (US FWS 2006, p. 12). The proposed
dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS. 1986. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/970127.pdf

USFWS. 2006. Five year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1115.pd f

Noonday globe ( Patera clarki
nantahala ) Found mainly on the
southeast side of the Nantahala River Gorge. Area is strikingly
different than the surrounding ar ea, very steep, with a mix of
various hardwood trees and hemlock, and has a
rich herbaceous undergrowth. The area is interrupted frequently by small streams, waterfalls, seeps, springs, and often
shaded. The forest floor has a thick humus layer
with much e xposed rock, where the snail is
most abundant on and
around moist rock outcrops, but also found
in thick leaf litter and humus layers around The propos ed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. Noonday Globe Patera (= Mesodon ) clarki nantahala 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation, Page 4

Available at: http://ecos.fw s.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc4295.pdf73 the base of ferns and
underneath rhododendron and dog hobbe, and other moist
habitats. Moisture is key.

Phantom springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis

texana ) The Phantom springsnail occurs only in the four remaining desert spring
outfl ow channels
associated with the San Solomon Spring system (San Solomon, Phantom, Giffin, and East Sandia springs).

Habitat of the species is
found on
both soft and firm
substrates on the margins of spring outflows (Taylor 1987, p. 41). They are als o commonly found attached to plants, particularly in dense stands of submerged vegetation (Chara sp.). Field and laboratory experiments have suggested Phantom springsnails prefer substrates harder and larger in size (Bradstreet 2011, p. 91). The pro posed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Determination of Endangered Species Status for Six West Texas Aquatic Invertebrates: Final Rule. Page 41236.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 07

- 09/pdf/2013

- 16222.pdf

Phantom tryonia ( Tryonia cheatumi) Th e Phantom tryonia occurs only in the four remaining desert spring outflow
channels associated
with the San The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Determination of Endangered Species Status for Six West Texas Aquatic Invertebrates: Final Rule. Page 41236

- 41237. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 07

- 09/pdf/2013

- 16222.pdf74 Solomon Spring system (San Solomon, Phantom, Giffin, and
East Sandia springs) (Taylor 1987, p. 40; Allan 2011, p. 1; Lang 2011, entire).

The species is found on
both soft and firm
substrates on the margins of spring outflows (Taylor 1987, p. 41), and they are also commonly found attached to plants, particularly in dense stands of submerged vegetation (Chara sp.).
Armored snail ( Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta ) The a rmored snail is currently only known
from Limestone and Piney Creeks, Limestone County, Alabama, and appears
to be most abundant in submerged root masses and bryophytes (non

vascular land plants, e.g. mosses) along the creek edges, but also

may occur on r ocks and leafy/woody debris, and on other aquatic macrophytes (aquatic plants) (Garner 2004a, Haggerty and Garner 2007, 2008). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2010. Arm ored Snail ( Marstonia pachyta ) 5

- Year Review. Page 2.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3288.pdf

Pecos assiminea snail ( Assiminea

pecos ) The Pecos assiminea requires saturated,
moist soil at stream or spring

- run margins and
is found in wet mud or
beneath mats of vegetation, usually within 1 inch (in) (2 to
3 centimeter s (cm)) of flowing water. Spring complexes that The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2011. Designation of
Critical Habitat for Roswell Springsnail, Koster's Springsnail, Noel's Amphipod, and Pecos Assiminea; Final Rule. Page 33039. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2011

- 06

- 07/pdf/2011

- 13227.pdf75 contain flowing water
create saturated soils that provide the specific
habitat needed for population growth, sheltering, and normal behavior of the species. Although this snail
seldom occurs
immersed in wate r, the species cannot withstand permanent drying of springs or spring complexes. Consequently, wetland plant species are required to provide leaf litter (dead leaf material), shade, and appropriate
microhabitat. Plant species such as Scirpus americanus (American three

square), Eleocharis

spp. (spike rush), Distichlis spicata (inland saltgrass), and Juncus spp. (rushes) provide the appropriate
cover and shelter required by Pecos assiminea (NMDGF 2005, p. 13).
Diamond Y Spring snail ( Pseudotryonia
adamantina ) Habitat of the species is primarily soft
substrates on the margins of small springs, seeps, and
marshes in shallow flowing water
associated with emergent bulrush ( Scirpus americanus ) and saltgrass ( Distichlis spicata ) (Taylor 1987, p. 38 ; Echelle et al. 2001, p.5). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Determination of Endangered Species Status for Six West Texas Aquatic Invertebrates: Final Rule. Page 41237. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 07

- 09/pdf/2013

- 16222.pdf76 T ulotoma snail ( Tulotoma magnifica ) Tulotoma occur in cool,
well

- oxygenated, clean,
free

- flowing streams, including rivers and the lower portions of the rivers’ larger tributaries (Herschler et al. 1990, p. 822). This species is generally found in shoals ( a shallow place in a body of water) and riffles (a rocky shoal lying just below the surface of the water) with moderate to strong currents. Although this species is typically
associated with shoals and riffles, it inhabits
rivers that rise and fall, and t ulotoma have
been collected at depths more than 5 meters (m) (15 feet (ft)) (Hartfield 1991, p. 7). The species is strongly associated with boulder, cobble, and
bedrock stream bottoms and is generally found clinging tightly to the underside of large rock s or between cracks in bedrock (Christman et al. 1996, p. 28).
Historical habitats included large coastal plain river, large high

gradient rivers, and multiple upland tributary streams. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
rivers , streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2011. Final
Reclassification of the Tulotoma Snail From Endangered to Threatened. Page 31867.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fds ys/pkg/FR

2011

- 06

- 02/pdf/2011

- 13687.pdf

Gonzales springsnail ( Tryonia
circumstriata ) Habitat of the species is primarily soft substrates on the margins of smal l springs, seeps, and
marshes in shallow flowing water
associated with emergent bulrush and The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Determination of Endangered Species Status for Six West Texas Aquatic Invertebrates: Final Rule. Page 41238.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

201 3

- 07

- 09/pdf/2013

- 16222.pdf77 saltgrass (Taylor 1987, p. 38; Echelle et al. 2001, p. 5).

Lacy elimia (snail) ( Elimia
crenatella ) Lacy elimia typically inhabit highly oxygenated waters on rock shoals and gravel
bars.

Curr ently, the lacy elimia is only known to
survive in three Coosa
River tributaries

-- Cheaha, Emauhee, and Weewoka Creeks, Talladega County, Alabama (Bogan and Pierson, 1993a). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
rivers or other wat er bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 8.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051202.pdf

Rough
hornsnail ( Pleurocera foremani ) Rough hornsnails are primarily found on gravel, cobble, bedrock,
and mud in moderate currents. They have been collected at depths of 1 m (3.3 ft) to 3 m (9.8 ft ) (Hartfield 2004, p. 132). The species appears to tolerate low

to

- moderate levels of silt deposition (Sides 2005, p. 127). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2010. Determ ination of Endangered Status for the Georgia Pigtoe Mussel, Interrupted Rocksnail, and Rough Hornsnail and Designation of Critical Habitat; Final Rule. Page 67514.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2010

- 11

- 02/pdf/2010

- 27417.pdf#page=2

Cylindrical lioplax (snail) (Lioplax cyclostomaform
is ) The cylindrical lioplax
i s currently known only from approximately 24 kilometers (km) (15 miles (mi)) of the
Cahaba River above the Fall Line in Shelby and Bibb counties, Alabama (Bogan and Pierson, 1993b).

Habitat for the cylindrical lioplax is unusual for the genus, The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 4.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051202.pdf78 as well as for other genera of viviparid
snails. It lives in isolated mud deposits found under large rocks in the rapid flowing
sections of stream and
river shoals. Flat pebblesnail ( Lepyrium showalteri ) The flat pebblesnail is currently known from
One site on the Little Cahaba River, Bibb County, and from a single shoal series on
the Cahaba River above
the Fall Line, Shelby County, Alabama (Bogan and Pierson, 1993b).

The flat pebblesnail is found attached to clean, smooth stones in rapid
currents of river shoals. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,

or ot her water bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 6.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051202.pdf

Painted
rocksnail ( Leptoxis
taeniata ) The painted rocksnail is currently known from
the lower reaches of
three Coosa River
tributaries

-- Choccolocco Creek, Talladega County;
Buxahatchee Creek

, Shelby County (Bogan and Pierson, 1993a); and Ohatchee Creek, Calhoun County, Alabama (Pierson in litt, 1993).

Painted rocksnails are
found attached to cobble, gravel, or other
hard substrates in the strong currents of riffles (a shallow area in a

str eambed that causes ripples in the water) and
shoals. Adult rocksnails move very little, and females probably glue The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, cr eeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 10.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051202.pdf79 their eggs to stones in
the same habitat (Goodrich, 1922).

Plicate
rocksnail ( Leptoxis plicata ) Plicate rocksnails inhabit shallow gravel
and cobble shoals in flowing waters. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap wit h rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 14.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051202.pd f

Round rocksnail ( Leptoxis ampla ) The round rocksnail is currently known from a
shoal series in the Cahaba River, Bibb and Shelby counties, Alabama, and from th e lower reach of the Little Cahaba River, and the
lower reaches of Shade
and Six

- mile creeks in Bibb County, Alabama (Bogan and Pierson, 1993b).

Painted rocksnails are
found attached to cobble, gravel, or other
hard substrates in the strong currents of r iffles (a shallow area in a
streambed that causes ripples in the water) and
shoals. Adult rocksnails move very little, and females probably glue their eggs to stones in
the same habitat (Goodrich, 1922). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to o verlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2005. Final Recovery Plan for Six Mobile Basin Aquatic Snails. Page 12.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan /051202.pdf

Slender campeloma ( Campeloma decampi ) Campeloma decampi is typically found burrowing in soft sediment (sand and/or mud) or detritus. It does not app ear abundant at any site, and the spotty distribution appears The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS 2000. Endangered Status
for the Armored Snail and Slender Campeloma; Fina l Rule. Page
10034.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr3525.pdf80 consistent with other Campeloma species

Interr upted (=Georgia)
Rocksnail ( Leptoxis foremani ) Rocksnails live in shoals, riffles, and reefs (bedrock outcrops) of small to large rivers.
Their habitats are generally subject to
moderate currents during low flows and strong currents during high flows. The se snails
live attached to bedrocks, boulders, cobbles, and gravel and tend to move little, except in response to changes in water level. They lay their adhesive eggs within the same habitat (Johnson 2004, p.116). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

exp ected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2010. Determination of Endangered Status for the Georgia Pigtoe Mussel, Interrupted Rocksnail, and Rough Hornsnail and Designation of Critical Habitat; Final Rule. Page 67513.
Ava ilable at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2010

- 11

- 02/pdf/2010

- 27417.pdf#page=2

Hungerford's crawling water
Beetle ( Brychius hungerfordi ) River/stream(moderate to fast flow), depth of few inches to few feet, inorganic substrate. (USFWS 2009, p 5) 1st, 2nd and 3rd order perennial streams (USFWS 2006, p 22) The proposed dicamb a DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. US FWS, Hungerford's crawling water Beetle ( Brychius hungerfordi ) 5 Year Review, 2009
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc2584.pdf

US FWS, H ungerford's crawling water Beetle ( Brychius hungerfordi ) Recovery Plan, 2006
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/060928a.pdf
Coffin Cave
mold beetle ( Batrisodes

texanus ) Troglobitic habitat
includes caves and
mesocavernous voids in karst limestone (a terrain characterized by
landforms and subsurface features,
such as sinkholes The p roposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS

- Coffin Cave Mold Beetle ( Batrisodes texanus ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Page 2
Available at: http://ecos .fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3017.pdf81 Kretschmarr
Cave mold
beetle ( Texamaurops reddelli ) Their habitat includes
caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst lime stone (a terrain characterized by
landforms and subsurface features,
such as sinkholes and caves, which are produced by solution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS

- Tooth Cave Spider ( Neoleptoneta myopic a ),Kretschmarr Cave Mold Beetle ( Texamaurops reddelli ), and Tooth Cave Pseudoscorpion ( Tartarocreagris texana ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Page 2 Available at: http://ecos.fws.g ov/docs/five_year _review/doc3018.pdf
Tooth Cave ground beetle ( Rhadine persephone ) They spend their entire lives underground and
are endemic to karst
formations (caves, sinkholes, and other subterranean voids). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS

- Recovery Plan for Endangered Karst Invertebrates in Travis and Williamson Counties,
Texas Page III Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/940825.pdf Comal Springs
riffle beetle ( Heterelmis
comalensis ) High qual ity unpolluted groundwater and spring
outflows that have low levels of salinity and turbidity. High

- quality discharge water from springs and adjacent
subterranean areas also help sustain habitat components, such as riparian vegetation that
are essential to the Peck’s cave amphipod, Comal Springs dryopid beetle, and Comal Springs riffle beetle. The two beetle species are thought to require water with adequate
levels of dissolved oxygen for respiration (Brown 1987, p. 260; Arsuffi 1993, p. 18). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2006. Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Peck's Cave Amphipod, Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, and Comal Springs Riffle Beetle; Proposed Rule. Page 40592. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/c itation.result.FR.action?federalReg
ister.volume=2006&feder alRegiste r.page=40588&publication=FR

Comal Springs dryopid beetle ( Stygoparnus
comalensis ) High quality unpolluted groundwater and spring
outflows that have low levels of salinity and turbidity. High

- quality discharge water from springs and adjacent
subterranean areas also The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, str eams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2006. Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Peck's Cave Amphipod, Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, and Comal Springs Riffle Beetle; Proposed Rule. Page 40592.
Available at:82 help sustain habitat components, such as riparian vegetation that
are essential to the Peck’s cave amphipod, Comal Springs dryopid beetle, and Comal Springs riffle beetle. The two beetle species are thought to require water with adequate
levels of dissolved oxygen for respiration (Brown 1987, p. 260; Arsuffi 1993, p. 18). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/c itation.result.FR.action?federalReg ister.volume=2006&federalRegiste r.page=40588&publication=FR

Saint Francis' satyr butterfly ( Neonympha
mitchellii francisci ) The habitat occupied by this satyr consists primarily of wide wet meadows dominated by a high diversity of sedges (Carex spp.) and
other wetland graminoids The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wet meadows. US FWS

- Recovery Plan for Saint Francis' Satyr Butterfly Page 2
Available at:
htt p://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960423.pdf

[Unnamed] ground beetle ( Rhadine infernalis ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and
sub surface features, for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan.
U.S. Fish a nd Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi (comments

- 7). Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20
C o%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Helotes mold
beetle ( Batrisodes venyivi ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and
subsurface features , for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv ice, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi (comments

- 7). Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrate s%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf [Unnamed] ground beetle ( Rhadine exilis ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, s inkholes and The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque , NM. Page vi (comments

- 7). Available at:83 caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1 .pdf

Bee Creek Cave
harvestman ( Texella
reddelli ) Bee Creek Cave
Harvestman inhabit limestone caves. They are only able to survive
in caves that maintain
stable temperatures and humidity (close to 100%). They have been
found in caves both on
the north and south side
of the Colorado river. They live in 'karst' type of terrain , which is formed by "dissolution
of calcium carbonate
from limestone bedrock by mildly ac idic groundwater. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. USFWS

- R ecovery Plan for Endangered Karst Invertebrates in Travis and Williamson Counties,
Texas U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Page III Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/940825.pdf

Bone Cave harvestman ( Texella reyesi ) C aves and

mesocavernous v oids in
karst limestone The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. USFWS Bone Cave Harvestman
5

- Year Review Page 2 Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five _year _review/doc3016.pdf
Tooth Cave pseudoscorpion ( Tartarocreagri

s texana ) Their habitat includes
caves and
mesocavernous voids in karst limestone (a
terrain ch aracterized by
landformsand subsurface features,
such as sinkholes and caves, which are produced by solution of bedrock). There are currently four caves that support the Tooth Cave pseudoscorpion ( Tartarocreagris

texana ). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS

- Tooth Cave Spider ( Neoleptoneta myopica ), Kretschmarr Cave Mold Beetle ( Texamaurops reddelli ), and Tooth Cave Pseudoscorpion ( Tartarocreagris texana ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Page 2
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3018.pdf84 Tooth Cave Spider ( Leptoneta myopica ) Th eir habitat includes
caves and
mesocavernous voids in karst limestone (a terrain characterized by
landforms and subsurface features,
such as sinkholes and caves, which are produced by solution of bedrock). There are currently six caves
known to contain the Tooth Cave spider ( Neoleptoneta myopica ). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS Tooth Cave Spider, Kretschmarr Cave Mold Beetle, and Tooth Cave Pseudoscorpion 5

- Year Review Page 2 Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3018.pdf

Cokendolpher
Cave
Harvestman ( Texella cokendolpheri ) Caves a nd
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/d ocs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Government Canyon Bat Cave Spider ( Neoleptoneta microps ) Caves and

mesocavernous v oids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/ Final%202001%20Bexar%20
Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Madla's Cave
Meshweaver ( Cicurina madla ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan.
U.S . Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invert ebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf85 Robber Baron
Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina
baronia ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, f or example, sinkholes and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Government Canyon Bat
Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina

vespera ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, sinkho les and caves, produced by dissolution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Braken Bat
Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina venii ) Caves and
mesocavernous voids in
karst limestone (landforms and subsurface features, for example, sinkholes and caves, produced by
diss olution of bedrock) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Page vi
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/Final%202001%20Bexar%20 Co%20Invertebrates%20Rec%20P lan_1.pdf
Peck's cave amphipod ( Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki ) High quality unpolluted groundwater and spring
outflows that have low levels of salinity and turbidity. High

- quality discharge water from springs and adja cent subterranean areas also help sustain habitat components, such as riparian vegetation that
are essential to the Peck’s cave amphipod, Comal Springs dryopid beetle, and Comal Springs riffle beetle. The two beetle species The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2006. Designation of
Critical Habitat fo r the Peck's Cave Amphipod, Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, and Comal Springs Riffle Beetle; Proposed Rule. Page 40592.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/c itation.result.FR.action?federalReg ister.volume=2006&federalRegiste r.page=40588&publication=FR86 are thought to require
water wi th adequate
levels of dissolved oxygen for respiration (Brown 1987, p. 260; Arsuffi 1993, p. 18).

Alabama cave

s hrimp ( Palaemonias
alabamae ) Silt

- bottomed cave pools (USFWS 1997) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. US FWS, Alabama Cave Shrimp ( Palaemonias_alabamae) 5 year review, 2006. Avai lable at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc747.pdf

US FWS, Alabama Cave Shrimp ( Palaemonias_alabamae ) recovery plan, 1997. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/970904.pdf Kentucky cave shrimp ( Palaemonias ganteri) Very specific habitat requirements

- large,
bas e level passages of caves characterized by slow flow, abundant organic matter, and coarse to fine grain
sand and coarse silt
sediments. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

caves. US FWS, Kentucky Cave shrimp completed 5

- year revi ew, 2010. Page 5. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3203.pdf

Dimin utive Amphipod ( Gammarus hyalleloides ) Amphipods in the Gammarus pecos species complex occur only in desert spring outflow channels on substrates,
often within interstitial spaces on and
underneath rocks and within gravels (Lang et al. 2003, p. 49) and are most commonly
found in microhabitats with flowing water. They are also commonly found in
dense stands of submerged vegetation (Cole 1976, p. 80).
Because of their affinity for

constant water The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2013. Determination of Endangered Species Status for Six West Texas Aquatic Invertebrates: Final Rule. Page 41238.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 07

- 09/pdf/2013

- 16222.pdf87 temperatures, they are
most common in the immediate sp ring outflow channels, usually only a few
hundred meters downstream of spring
outlets.
Alabama pearlshell ( Margaritifera
marrianae ) The Alabama pearlshell typically inhabits small
headwater streams with mixed sand and gravel substrates, occasionally in sandy mud, with
slow to moderate

curre nt. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Stat us for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 61667
Altamaha Spinymussel ( Elliptio spinosa ) This spinymussel is considered a ‘‘big river’’ species; is associated with stable,

coarse

- to

- fine sandy
sediments of san dbars, sloughs, and mid

channel islands; and appears to be restricted to swiftly flowing water (Sickel 1980, p. 12). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2011. Endangered Status for the Altamaha Spinymussel and Designation of Critical Habitat;
Final Rule . Page 62928

Carolina heelsplitter ( Lasmigona decorata ) It has been recorded from a variety of substrates (including mud, clay, sand, gravel,
and cobble/boulder/ bedrock) without significant silt accumulations, along stable, well

- shaded
stream banks ( Keferl and Shelly 1988, Keferl 1991). However,
individuals have also
been found near the
center of the stream channel in relatively
silt

- free substrates comprised primarily of a mixture of sand, gravel, and cobble, with
scattered areas of The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/lif e_histor
ies/F02L.html88 exposed boulder s/ bedrock (J. Fridell personal observation, 1995).

Chipola
slabshell ( Elliptio chipolaensis ) The Chipola slabshell inhabits silty sand substrates of large
creeks and the main channel of the Chipol a River in slow to
moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994). Specimens are generally found in sloping bank habitats. Nearly 70 percent of the specimens found during the status survey were associated with a sandy substrate (Brim Box and Williams 2000). T he proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_ plan/030930.pdf

Choctaw bean ( Villosa choctawensis ) It is found in medium
creeks to medium rivers
in stable substrates of silty sand to sandy clay
with moderate current. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, stre ams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell,
and Choc taw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 61669

Cracking pearlymussel ( Hemistena lata ) The cracking pearlymussel inhabits
streams of moderate size on gravel riffles where it is often deeply
buried in the substrate (Bogan and Parmalee 1983). Substrate preferences include sand, gravel, an d cobble in high velocity areas
and mud and sand in slower moving waters (Gordon and Layzer 1989). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F01X.html89 Cumberland
elktoe ( Alasmidonta
atropurpurea ) This species inhabits
medium

- sized rivers and may ext end into
headwater streams
where it is often the only mussel present (Gordon and Layzer 1989, Gordon 1991). Gordon and Layzer (1989) reported that the species appears to be most abundant in flats,
which were described by Gordon (1991) as shallow pool areas lacking the bottom contour development of typical pools, with sand
and scattered
cobble/boulder material, relatively shallow depths, and slow (almost imperceptible) currents. They also report the species from swifter
currents and in areas with mud, sand, and gravel substrates. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2004. Cumberland and
Tennessee River Mu ssels (5 spp.) Page 18.

Dark pigtoe ( Pleurobema furvum ) Sand/gravel/cobble shoals and rapids in small rivers and large

streams. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

e xpected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2000. Recovery Plan for the Mobile River Basin (15 species) . Page 53

Dwarf wedgemussel ( Alasmidonta
heterodon ) The dwarf wedge mussel lives on muddy sand, sand, and gravel
bottoms in creeks and rivers of varying sizes,
in areas of slow to
moderate current and
li ttle silt deposition. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1993. Dwarf Wedge
Mussel recovery plan. Page 3.

Fat three

- ridge (mussel) ( Amblema
neislerii ) The fat threeridge
inhabits the main
channel of small to large rivers in slow to
moderate current. Substrate used by this
mussel varies from gravel to cobble to a The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 42.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf90 mixture of sand and

sa ndy mud (Williams and Butler 1994). Brim
Box and Williams (2000) found 60 percent of the specimens were located in a sandy silt
substrate. Flat pigtoe ( Pleurobema
marshalli ) The flat pigtoe, like other Tombigbee River system mussels,
inhabits moderate to large rivers with
moderate to swift current. Its preferred
habitat is riffle

- run or shoal areas with stable substrates ranging from

san dy gravel to gravel

cobble (Stanbery 1976, 1980, 1983). Unionids
collected from the Tombigbee River system have been collected in water up to 0.7 meters deep (USFWS 1987). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, cre eks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F013.html

Fuzzy pigtoe ( Pleurobema
strodeanum ) The fuzzy pigtoe is
found in medium creeks
to medium rivers in
stable sub strates of sand and silty sand with slow
to moderate current. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, a nd Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 61673
Gulf
moccasinshell ( Medionidus penicillatus ) The Gulf moccasinshell
inhabits the channels of
small to medium

- sized creeks to large rivers with sand and gravel or silty sand substrates in
slow to moderate currents (Williams and Butler 19 94; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf91 Heavy pigtoe ( Pleurobema
taitianum ) The heavy pigtoe, like
othe r Tombigbee River system mussels,
inhabits moderate to large rivers with
moderate to swift current. Its preferred
habitat is riffle

- run or shoal areas with stable substrates ranging from sandy gravel to gravel

cobble (Stanbery 1976, 1980, 1983). Unionids
collected from the Tombigbee River system have been collected in water up to 0.7 meters deep (USFWS 1987). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F014.html

James spinymussel ( Pleurobema
collina ) This species lives in
stream sites that var y in
width from 10

- 75 feet and depth of 1/2 to 3 feet. It requires a slow
to moderate water
current with clean sand
and cobble bottom
sediments. The James spinymussel is limited to areas of unpolluted water, and may be more susceptible to competition from exotic clam species when its
habitat is disturbed (Clark and Neves 1984, USFWS 1990). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F025.html

Narrow pigtoe (Fusconaia escambia) It is found in medium
creeks to medium rivers, in stable substrates of sand, sand and gravel, or silty sand, with slow to
moderate current. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the
Alabama Pearls hell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 6167192 Ochlockonee
moccasinshe ll ( Medionidus simpsonianus ) The Ochlockonee
moccasinshell inhabits large creeks and the
Ochlockonee River
main stem in areas with current. Typical
substrates are sand with

some gra vel (Williams and Butler 1994). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

expec ted to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf

Oval pigtoe ( Pleu robema pyriforme ) The oval pigtoe occurs
in small to medium

sized creeks to small
rivers where it inhabits silty sand to sand and gravel substrates, usually in slow to
moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). Stream
channels a ppear to offer
the best habitat for this species. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf

Purple
bankclimber (mussel) ( Elliptoideus
sloatianus ) The purple bankclimber inhabits small to large
river channels in slow
to moderate current
over sand or sand
mixed with mud or gravel substrat es (Williams and Butler 1994). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf

Ring pink (mussel) ( Obovaria

retusa ) The ring pink inhabits gravel and sandy substrates in large rivers
of the Ohio River basin The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overl ap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS, 1991. Ring Pink Mussel Recovery Plan. Page 4. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/910325.pdf

Round Ebonyshell ( Fusconaia rotulata ) It occurs in small to medium rivers, typically in stable substrates of sand, small gravel, or sandy
mud in slow to
moderate current. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Sta tus for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 6166893 Shinyrayed pocketbook ( Lampsilis subangulata ) The shinyrayed pocketbook inhabits
small to medium

- sized creeks, to rivers in clean or silty sand substrates
in slow to moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). Specimens are often
found in the interface of
stream channel and sloping bank habitats, where sediment particle
size and current

st rength are transitional.
Clench and Turner (1956) noted it preferred small creeks and spring

- fed rivers. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for
7 musse ls. Page 42.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/030930.pdf

Southern
acornshell ( Epioblasma othcaloogensis ) The southern acornshell was historically
restricted to shoals in
small river s to Small streams above the
Fall Line. It was found
on stable sand/gravel/cobble
substrate in moderate to
swift currents. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2000. Recovery Plan for the Mobile River Basin (15 species) . Page 57

Southern kidneyshell ( Ptychobranchu s jonesi ) It is typically found in
medium creeks to small
rivers in firm sand
substrates with slow to
moderate current (Williams et al. 2008, pp. 625). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, a nd Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 61668
Southern
sandshell ( Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis) The southern sandshell is typically found in
small creeks and rivers
in stable substrates of
sand or mixtures of sand and fine gravel,
with slo w to moderate

current. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of
End angered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Fin al rule. Page 6167294 Tapered pigtoe ( Fusconaia burkei ) The tapered pigtoe is
found in medium creeks
to medium rivers in
stable substrates of sand, small gravel, or sandy mud, with slow
to moderate current (Williams et al. 2008, p. 296). The proposed dica mba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the
Alabama Pe arlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical
Habitat: Final rule. Page 61670
Tar River spinymussel ( Elliptio
steinstansana ) The preferred habitat of the Tar spinymussel appears to be relatively
fast

- flowing,
well

- oxygenated water,
in sites with a substrate

co mprised of relatively
silt

- free, uncompacted gravel and coarse sand (USFWS 1992). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/F015.html

Upland
combshell ( Epioblasma
metastriata ) Restricted to shoals in rivers and large streams
above the Fall Line. It
was found on stable sand/gravel/cobble
substrate in moderate to
swift cur rents. The p roposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2000. Recovery Plan for the Mobile River Basin (15 species) . Page 61

Yellow blossom (pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma florentina florentina ) Riverine and typically
found in streams which are shallow with sandy

gravel substrate with

rap id currents (Stansbery, 1971) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1985. Recovery plan for three mussels. Page 20.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/850125.pdf

Alabama
cavefish ( Speoplatyrhinu s poulsoni ) The only known locality at which the
Alabama cavefish

occurs is Key Cave in Lauderdale county,
Alabama. Low temperature and periodic flooding are
characteristic of the aquatic habitat in caves (USFWS 1990) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1990. Alabama cavefish recovery plan. Page 2. Available
online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/901025.pdf95 Alabama sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchu
s suttkusi ) Very little is known of the habitat requirements
of the Alabama Sturgeon. Based on capture data, it inhabits
the main channel of large coastal plain
rivers of the Mobile
River Basi n. Most specimens have been
taken in moderate to swift current at depths of 6 to 14 m, over sand, gravel or mud bottom (Williams and Clemmer 1991). (USFWS 2013) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or othe r water bodies. USFWS 2013. Recovery Plan for the Alabama Sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) . Page
13.

Big Bend gambusia ( Gambusia gaigei ) The Big Bend gambusia is restricted to small, desert spring habitats. The spring ponds at Rio Grande Village that
harbor the fish are clear

warm wate r, stenothermal (constant temperature) springs. Hubbs (2001, pp. 315

- 316) documented the average outflow temperatures of Spring 4 and Spring 1 as 34.9 oC (95oF) and 33.1oC (92oF), respectively, with very low variability. The Big Bend gambusia is often
fo und associated with
dense stands of Chara spp. (submerged plant) and emergent vegetation in the refuge ponds (Hubbs et al. 2002, p. 82). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 20 12. Big Bend gambusia

- 5 year review . Page 8.

Cahaba shiner ( Notropis cahabae ) The habitat of the Cahaba shiner appears to be large shoal areas
in the main channel of
the Cahaba river (Howell et al. 1982). The species is found in the quieter waters, less The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1992. Cahaba shiner ( Notropis cahabae ) Recovery plan. Pages 1

- 3. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/920423.pdf96 than 1.6 feet (0.5 meters) deep, just
below swift riffle areas (Howell et al. 19 82).
The Cahaba shiner seems to prefer sandy patches in gravel beds or downstream of larger
rocks and boulders. The species is generally found in relatively clear, well oxygenated water. It probably requires a river with
sufficient small crustaceans, insec t larvae, and algae for food, similar to its close relatives (Gilbert and Burgess 1980). (USFWS 1992) Cap e Fear shiner ( Notropis mekistocholas ) The Cape Fear shiner is generally associated with gravel, cobble, and boulder substrate, and it
has been observed inhabiting slow pools, riffles, and slow runs
often associated with water willow (Justicia) beds (Palm er and Braswell, North
Carolina State Museum of Natural History, personal communication, 1986; Pottern and Huish 1985, 1986; Snelson 1971). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1988. Cape Fear shiner Recovery Plan. Page 1.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/060313.pdf

Cherokee darter ( Etheostoma
scotti ) Cherokee darters
inhabit small to medium
size warm

- water creeks of moderate gradient with predominantly rocky bottoms. They are usually found in
shallow water sections
of reduced currents typically in are as above
and below riffles and at
the ecotones of riffles The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1994. ETWP; Determination of Threatened
Status for the Cherokee Darter and Endangered Status for the Etowah
Darter . Page 65506.97 and backwaters. Moreover, this species as associated with large gravel, cobble, and
small boulder substrates, and is uncommonly, or rarely found over bedrock, fine gravel, or sand. It is
most abund ant in
stream sections with relatively clear water
and clean substrates (little Silt deposition). (USFWS 1994)

The Cherokee darter is
endemic to the Etowah River system in north Georgia where it is primarily restricted to streams draining the Piedmont phy siographic province, and to a lesser extent, the Blue Ridge physiographic province. (USFWS 1994)
Clear Creek gambusia ( Gambusia
heterochir ) This species is
restricted to the Clear Creek headspring pool
that is characterized as clear, stenothermal, low pH (6.1

- 6.5) water with abundant aquatic vegetation composed mostly of an endemic,
undescribed morph of Ceratophyllum sp

. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1982. Recovery Plan for
Clear Cre ek Gambusia . Pages 2

- 3.

Life Histories: Clear Creek Gambusia (Gambusia heterochir). http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/E005.html

Comanche Springs pupfish ( Cyprinodon elegans ) The present habitat of the species consists mostly of a system of
earthen and concrete irrigation canals. The
water from Phantom Lake Spring is diverted into agricultura l fields
or sometimes flows
down Phantom Lake Canal to merge with the The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1981. Recovery Plan for
the Comanche S prings Pupfish. Page 2. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/051221a.pdf98 flow from San Solomon Spring.

Devil s River
minnow ( Dionda
diaboli ) (1) Streams characterized by:
a. Areas with slow to
moderate water
velocities between 10
and 40 cm/second (4 and 16 in/second) in
shallow to moderate water depths between approximately 10 cm (4 in) and 1.5 m (4.9 ft),

n ear vegetative structure, such as emergent or submerged vegetation or stream bank riparian vegetation
that overhangs into the water column;
b. Gravel and cobble substrates ranging in
diameter between 2 and 10 cm (0.8 and 4 in)
with low or moderate

amount s of fine sediment (less than 65 percent stream bottom coverage) and low or
moderate amounts of
substrate embeddedness; and c. Pool, riffle, run, and backwater components
free of artificial
instream structures that would prevent
movement of fish upstream or downstream. (2) High

- quality water provided by permanent,
natural flows from groundwater springs The proposed dicamba
DGA use s are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2008. Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Devils River Minnow; Final rule. 73 FR 46988 47026. Page 47001. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2008

- 08

- 12/pdf/E8

- 17985.pdf#page=199 and seeps characterized by: a. Temperature ranging
between 17°C and 29°C; b. Dissolved oxygen levels greater than 5.0 mg/l; c. Neutral pH ranging
betwe en 7.0 and 8.2; d. Conductivity less
than 0.7 mS/cm and salinity less than 1 ppt; e. Ammonia levels less than 0.4 mg/l; and
f. No or minimal pollutant levels for copper, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium;
human and animal waste products; pesticides; ferti lizers; suspended sediments; and petroleum compounds and gasoline or diesel fuels. (3) Abundant aquatic food base consisting of algae; attached to stream substrates; and other microorganisms
associated with stream
substrates. (4) Aquatic stream
habitat e ither
devoid of nonnative aquatic species (including fish, plants, and invertebrates) or in
which such nonnative aquatic species are at
levels that allow for healthy populations of
Devils River minnows. (5) Areas within stream courses that may be perio dically dewatered for short time periods,100 during seasonal droughts, but otherwise
serve as connective
corridors between occupied or seasonally occupied areas through which the species
moves when the area is wetted. (USFWS 2008)
Etowah darter ( Etheostoma
etowahae ) The Etowah da rter inhabits warm and cool, medium and large
creeks or small rivers
that are moderate or high gradient with rocky bottoms and relatively shallow riffles and large gravel, cobble, and small
boulder substrates. (USFWS 1994) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. 1994. USFWS ETWP;
Determination of Threatened
Status for the Cherokee Darter and Endangered Status for the Etowah Darter. Page 65506. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr2753.pdf

Fountain darter ( Etheostoma fonticola ) The fountain darter requires: 1) undisturbed
stream floor habitats (including runs, riffles, and pools), 2) a mix of submergent vegetation (algae, mosses, and vascular plants) in part for cover, 3) clear and clean water, 4) constant water temperatures within the natural and
normal riv er gradients, and 5) most importantly, adequate springflows. In general, E. fonticola prefers vegetated stream

- floor
habitats with constant water temperature. Higher densities of the
fish are found in mats of the filamentous green algae ( Rhizoclonium

sp. ) and the moss
Riccia. It is occasionally found in areas lacking vegetation. Fountain The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1996. San Marcos and Comal springs and associated aquatic ecosystems (revised) recovery plan. Page 33. Available

at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/9602 14.pdf101 darters have also been observed among leaf
litter in the Comal River. (USFWS 1996)

Goldline darter ( Percina aurolineata ) Prefers a moderate to
swift current and water depths greater than 2 feet (Howell et al. 1982). It is found over

san d or gravel substrate interspersed among
cobble and small boulders. (USFWS 1992) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. 1992. USFWS ETWP; Threatened Status for Two Fish, the Goldline
D arter ( Percina aurolineata ) and Blue Shiner ( Cyprinella caerulea ). Page 14786. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr2036.pdf

Leon Springs pupfish ( Cyprinodon
bovinus ) The Leon Springs pupfish inhabits highly saline habitat preferring quiet waters near the edge of shallow pools with a minimal growth of vegetation. (USFWS 1980) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. 1980. USFWS ETWP; Listing of Leon Springs pupfish as endangered with critical habitat. Page 14786. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_re gister/fr457.pdf

Palezone shiner ( Notropis albizonatus ) The palezone shiner occurs in flowing pools and runs of upl and
streams that have permanent flow, clear water, and substrates composed of bedrock, cobble, pebble, and gravel mixed with clean sand (USFWS 1997). In May 1990, Warren et al. (1994) collected the species in the PRR from pools (60

- 75 cm depth)
over fine t o coarse gravel mixed with sand. In June 1990, Warren et al. (1994) observed the species in shallow (30

- 45 cm, 1.2

- 1.8 in) runs and pools of the Little
South Fork that were underlain by fractured
bedrock and scattered gravel patches. In The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2014. Palezone shiner ( Notropis albizonatus ) 5

- year review: summary and evaluation.
US Fish and Wildlife Service Southest Region Kentucky Ecological Services Field Office
John C. Watts Federal Bui lding 330 West Broadway, Room 265 Frankfort Kentucky, 40601. Page
8.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc4374.pdf102 August 1990, they

c ollected individuals in
the Little South Fork from pools and runs
with current velocities ranging from 0.6

- 4.5 cm/sec (0.02

- 0.15 feet/sec) and mean depth of 59 cm (2.3 in).
Substrates varied from
sand mixed with fine and coarse gravel to bedrock. Shepard e t al. (1997) reported the species from pools and
runs of the PRR that
had substrates composed of a mixture of cobble, gravel, and sand. Water depths ranged from 30.5

- 76.2 cm (12

- 30 in). (USFWS 2014) Pecos gambusia ( Gambusia
nobilis ) Gambusia nobilis occurs abundantly in springheads and spring runs. Moderately abundant populations
are also known from areas with little spring influence, but with
abundant overhead

cover , sedge covered marshes, and gypsum
sinkholes. G. nobilis
has been observed to
occur from the surface to depths of three meter. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS ECOS Lif e Histories for the Pecos gambusia ( Gambusia
nobilis )

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/E00V.html

Pygmy Sculpin ( Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus) ) Gravel and sand
substrate. Habitat also contains large rocks where the spring boils

occur. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. Life Histories: Pygmy sculpin ( Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus )).

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/E01L.html
Relict darter ( Etheostoma
chienense ) Adults are concentrated
in headwaters of streams in slow flowing pools (0.2

- 0.6 m/sec), usually over gravel
mixed with sand and
under or near cover The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. 2013. US Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, Relict darter ( Etheostoma chienense ) Five Year Review Summary and Evaluation, Page 8.103 such as fallen tree branches, undercut banks, or overhan ging riparian vegetation. (USFWS 2013) https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_yea r_review/doc4178.pdf

Ru sh Darter ( Etheostoma phytophilum ) Habitats tend to be shallow, clear, and cool,
with moderate current
and substrates composed of a
combination of sand with silt, muck, gravel or bedrock. (USFWS 2012) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to over lap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior, 2012, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation
of Critical Habitat for the Cumberland darter, Rush darter, Yellowcheek darter, Chucky madtom, and Laurel dace, Volume 77 No. 200, Page 63605

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2012

- 10

- 16/pdf/2012

- 24468.pdf
San Marcos gambusia ( Gambusia georgei) The San Marcos gambusia apparently prefers quiet waters adjacent to sections of moving water, but seemingly of greatest importance, thermally

constant waters. G. georgei is fou nd mostly over muddy substrates but generally not silted habitats, and shade
from over

- hanging vegetation or bridge
structures is a factor
common to all sites along the upper San
Marcos River where apparently suitable habitats for this species occur (Hubbs and Peden 1969, Edwards et. al. 1980). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 1996. San Marcos and Comal springs and associated aquatic ecosystems (revised) recovery plan. Pag e 29. Available

at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960214.pdf

Sharpnose
Shiner ( Notropis oxyrhynchus) Sharpnose shiners occur in fairly shallow, flowing water,
often less than 0.5 m (1.6 ft) deep with sandy substrates...
minimum estimated reach length The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS 2014. Designation of Critical Habitat for Sharpnose Shiner and Smalleye Shiner ; Final Rule. Page 45250.104 requirements for similar species and current modeling efforts for this species indicate an
unobstructed reach length of greater than 275 km (171 mi) is likely required to compl ete the species’ life history.
Shortnose sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ) Shortnose sturgeon are found in rivers, estuaries, and the sea, but populations are confined mostly to
natal rivers and estuaries. The species appears to be estuarine
anadromous in the southern part of its range, but in some
northern rivers it is
"freshwater amphidromous", i.e., adults spawn in freshwater but regularly
enter saltwater habitats during their life (Kieffer and Kynard 1993).
Adults in southern rivers forage at the
interface of fresh tidal

w ater and saline
estuaries and enter the upper reaches of rivers to spawn in early spring (Savannah River: Hall et al. 1991; Altamaha
River: Heidt and Gilbert 1979; Flouronoy et al. 1992, Rogers and Weber 1995a; Ogeechee River: Weber 1996). The proposed di camba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. NMFS 1998. Final Recovery Plan for the Shortnose Sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ). Page 25.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/sturgeon_shortnose_1.pdf105 Smalltooth sawfish ( Pristis pectinata ) Generally inhabit the
shallow coastal waters of bays, banks, estuaries and river mouths, particularly shallow
mud banks and mangrove habitats. Larger animals can be
found in the same habitat, but are also found offshore at depths up to least 122 meters. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses a re not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. National Marine Fisheries Service, 2009, Smalltooth sawfish Recovery Plan. Page v. http://ecos.fws.g ov/docs/recovery_ plan/smalltoothsawfish.pdf

Sunfish, spring

pygmy ( Elassoma
alabamae ) Clear to slightly stained spring water, occurring within spring heads (wh ere cool water emerges from the ground), spring pools (water pool at spring head), spring runs (stream or channel downstream of spring pool), and associated spring

- fed wetlands... occupying depths from 13 to 102 cm (in water column)... prefers patches of dense filamentous submergent vegetation The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status for Spring Pygmy Sunfish, Federal Reg ister, 2013, 78(191): 60766

- 60783. Page
60768. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 10

- 02/pdf/2013

- 23726.pdf

Vermilion
darter ( Etheostoma chermocki) Small to medium

- sized clear streams, with gravel riffles and
moderate currents (Kuehne and Barbour, 1983; Etnier and Starnes, 1993). Boschung et al. (1992)
described the stream
habitat for vermilion
darters as 3 to 20 m wide, 0.01 to more than 0.5 m in depth, with pools of moderate current alternating with riffles of moderately swift current, and low water turbidity. Blanco and Mayden (1999) found this species The proposed dicamba
DGA uses a re not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. Daniel J Drennen and the Vermilion Darter Recovery Team /
US Fish and Wildlife Service Department of Interior, 2007, Recovery Plan Vermilion Darter, Page 11 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/070802.pdf106 primarily in areas
dominated b y fine gravel with some coarse gravel or cobble. This species is absent in habitats with only a bedrock bottom, but has
been found on bedrock
with sand and gravel...This species is generally not found in deeper pool habitats.
Waccamaw silverside ( Menidia

extensa ) The species is usually
fo und in schools near the surface. It forages in areas of shallow, open water over a clean,
dark sand substrate with no vegetation and spawn in open

- water areas near the shoreline. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, strea ms, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS Life histories document. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/E01P.html

Watercress darter ( Etheostoma
nuchale ) Prefer deeper, slow moving backwater areas of springs that are choked with aquatic vegetation such as

watercress ( Nasturtium ), and algae ( Chara and Spirogyra ). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are n ot expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS Life Histories Watercress darter ( Etheostoma nuchale ) http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histor
ies/E00U.html

Species Habitat Rationale Source

Plants

Avens, spreading ( Geum radiatum ) This species grows in
full sun on the shallow acidic soils of high

elevation cliffs, ro cky outcrops, steep slopes, and on gravelly talus (US FWS, 1993). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with high

- elevation cliffs, rocky outcrops, steep slopes or gravelly talus. USFWS. 1993. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/r ecovery_ plan/930428.pdf

Bluet, Roan
Mountain ( Hedyotis

purpurea var.

montana ) This species grows in
shallow soils and
crevices of cliffs and outcrops and on thin rocky soils of grassy balds (US FWS, 1996). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with cliffs and outcrops. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960513.pdf107 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Chaffseed,
American ( Schwalbea
americana ) Habitats described as pine flatwoods, fire

maintained savannas,
ecotonal areas between peaty wetlands and xeric sandy soils, and other open grass

- sedge systems (US FWS

, 1995). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine flatwoods, fire

maintained savannas, wetland or sedge dominated systems. USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/950929c.pdf

Clover, running
buffalo ( Trifolium stoloniferum ) Running buffalo clover
occurs in mesic habitats of partial to filtered sunlight, where there is a prolonged pattern of moderate periodic
d isturbance, such as mowing, trampling, or grazing. It is most often found in regions
underlain with
limestone or other
calcareous bedrock. Specific habitats
include mesic woodlands, savannahs, floodplains, stream banks, sandbars, grazed woodlots, mowed p aths (e.g. cemeteries, parks), old logging roads, jeep trails, ATV trails, skid trails, mowed wildlife openings within mature forest, and steep
ravines. It has been suggested that the original habitat may have been open woods or savannah, and bison
herbiv ory on associated species may have kept the habitats open (US FWS, 2007, p. 12.). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
mesic habitats where the clover is expected to be
found. USFWS. 2007. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/doc s/recovery_ plan/070627.pdf108 Species Habitat Rationale Source Daisy, Lakeside ( Hymenoxys herbacea ) Although historical
habitats include outcrops of dolomite or limestone bedrock, dry, gravelly prai ries on
terraces or hills associated with major river systems, rocky shores, sandy fields and alvars, the Lakeside daisy in the U. S. is now restricted to dry,
thin

- soiled, degraded prairies in which
limestone or dolomite
bedrock is at or near the
surface. Habitats are alkaline, seasonally wet in spring and fall, and are moderately to extremely droughty in summer. Typically,
habitats have little topographic relief, are relatively open at the ground surface, and vegetation density and diversity are relativ ely
low. Within these habitats, lakeside daisy occurs in open patches of ground, occupies the dry to mesic portions of
the soil moisture
continuum and has a highly aggregated
distribution. This species is either absent or infrequently found in
shaded or densely vegetated areas (US FWS, 1990, pp. 20

- 21). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with quarries and dry prairies. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/900919b.pdf

Fern, American
hart's

- tongue ( Asplenium scolopendrium

var. americanum ) Early successional
habitats Northern populations occur in forests of secondary growth where canopy openings are abundant.
New York populations The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap early successional forests,
conifer forests or bryophyte beds where the species is found. http://ecos.fws.gov/d ocs/recovery_ plan/930915.pdf109 Species Habitat Rationale Source

occur in conifer forests. Bryophyte beds are an important substrate.

Fleshy

- fruit gladecress ( Leavenworthia

crassa ) 2 PCEs: (1) Shallow

- soiled, open areas with exposed
limestone bedrock or gravel that are dominated by herbaceous vegetation characteristic of glade communities. (2) Open or
well

- lighted areas of exposed limestone bedrock or gravel that ensure fleshy

- fruit gladecress plants remain unshaded for a significant portion of the day. (3)
Glade habitat that is protected from both native and invasive, nonnative plants to minimize competitio n and shading of fleshy

- fruit gladecress. Technical consultation with USFWS biologist indicated that this species will not persist in soy or cotton fields due to the competing vegetation. http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/prof ile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=Q12
K#crithab

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2014

- 08

- 26/pdf/2014

- 19 558.pdf

Email communication (Holbrook, S. (2015, June 17).

Geocarpon
minimum (No common name) This species grows on sandstone glades and outcrops as well as
b are, sparsely vegetated
areas where the soil contains relatively large amounts of magnesium and sodium salts (US FWS, 1993). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the sandstone glades and outcrops where this species is expected to be
found. USFWS. 1993. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/930726.pdf

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge ( Solidago spithamaea ) This species grows on
rock outcrops and
vertical to near vertical
cliffs in southern Appalachians of
western North Carolina
and extreme eastern TN. Rocky summits and cliffs usually appear as smaller

- scale patchy habitats embedded in larger The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rock outcrops and
vertical cliffs. USFWS. 1987. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/blueridge%20gol denrod%20r p.pdf

2 Bold text indicates the four species with effects determination “may affect, likely to adversely affect”.110 Species Habitat Rationale Source forest consisting of

spruce

- fir or northern
hardwoods or occasionally high
elevation red oak forest (US FWS, 1987).

Grass,
Tennessee yellow

- eyed ( Xyris
tennesseensis ) Xyris tennessensis is a rare perennial monocot that is an obligate wetland plant that prefers r elatively high pH seeps and
streambanks. An Obligate wetland plant
that is restricted to calcareous seeps, fens, and spring runs (US FWS, 2014). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS. 2014. Five Year Review. http ://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc4360.pdf

Harperella ( Ptilimnium
nodosum ) Harperella is known from only two locations
in North Carolina. One population oc curs in the
Tar River in Granville County. Another population was
reintroduced to the Deep River recently after the original population known from that area disappeared. This population occurs in Chatham County, but
the river serves as the
divide between
C hatham and Lee counties (US FWS, 1991). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
river habitats. USFWS. 1991. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/910305b.pdf

Iris, dwarf lake ( Iris lacustris ) The dwarf lake iris grows along the
northern shorelines of lakes Michigan and Huron in Wisconsin, Michigan and Ontario, Canada. It typically
occurs in shallow soil
over moist calcare ous sands, gravel and beach rubble. Sunlight is one The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
shoreline coniferous
forests. USFWS. 2013. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/
DLI%20RP%20FINAL%20AUG 2 013_1.pdf111 Species Habitat Rationale Source

of the most critical factors to the growth and reproduction of the species and partly
shaded or sheltered forest edges are optimal for sexual reproduction.
Some form of
disturbance is also required to m aintain the forest openings that provide these partial
shade conditions. The species is most often
associated with
shoreline coniferous forests dominated by
northern white cedar
and balsam fir. The principal limiting factor
for dwarf lake iris is the

ava ilability of this
suitable shoreline habitat (US FWS, 2013, pp. 6

- 7). Lichen, rock

gnome ( Gymnoderma
lineare ) Rock gnome lichen is primarily limited to
vertical rock faces where seepage water
from forest soils above
flows during (and only during) very wet times. It appears the species
needs a moderate amount of light, but that it cannot tolerate high

intensity solar radiation. It does well on moist, generally open, sites,
with northern exposures, but needs at least partial canopy coverage where the aspect is southern or

western

Rock gnome lichen is
known from the Southern Appalachian The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with high elevation vertical
rock faces where the species occurs. http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/specie s/es_rock_gnome_lichen.html112 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Mountains of North
Carolina and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia, in areas of high humidity, either at high elevations, where
it is fre quently bathed in fog, or in deep gorges at lower
elevations. Lyrate bladderpod ( Lesquerella lyrata ) Limestone glades Technical consultation with USFWS biologist indicated that this species will not occur in corn, soy, or
cotton fields within the

range http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_pla n/961017.pdf

Email communication (Holbrook, S. (2015, June 17).

Orchid, eastern prairie fringed ( Platanthera leucoph aea ) The eastern prairie fringed orchid occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from mesic prairie to wetland
communities such as sedge meadows, marsh edges and even fens and sphagnum bogs. It requires full sunlight for optimum growth and flowering, which restricts it to grass

- and sedge

- dominated plant
communities. The
substrate of the sites where it occurs ranges
from more or less neutral to mildly calcareous, typically glacial soils. It is often early successional, but
can be maintained in
mid

- to late
successional wetlands that remain open and sunny (US FWS, 1999, pp. 6

- 7). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with grass or sedge

dominated plant
communities. USFWS. 1999. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/9909 29.pdf113 Species Habitat Rationale Source Pogonia, small whorled ( Isotria medeoloides ) The small whorled pogonia occurs on upland sites in mixed

deciduous or mixed
deciduous/coniferous
forests that are generally in second

- or third

- growth successional stages. It occurs on both fairly young and maturing
forest stands. Most
occurrences include sparse to moderate ground cover in the species’ microhabitat, a relatively open understory canopy, and

prox imity to features that create long persisting breaks in the forest canopy. Soils at most sites are highly
acidic and nutrient poor, with moderately high soil moisture values. Light availability could be a limiting factor for this species. The one
Illino is site is unusual in being on a dry, steep, thinly forested slope atop a vertical
sandstone bluff. The one Ohio site is along
the Ohio River in a typical Appalachian

type forest association (US FWS, 1992, pp.
23

- 24). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are no t expected to overlap with
mixed
deciduous/coniferous
forests. USFWS. 1992. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/921113b.pdf

Pondberry ( Lindera melissifolia ) Associated with seasonally flooded
wetlands. Found on wet edges of sandy sinks, ponds, and swampy depressions. Shade tolerant (US FWS, 1993). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS. 1993. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/930923a.pdf114 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Potato

- bean, Price's ( Apios priceana ) Found in open forests along the edges of forests, creeks, and
rive rs (US FWS, 1993, p. executive summary). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests, or water bodies. USFWS. 1993. Recovery Plan http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/930210.pdf

Prairie

- clover, leafy ( Dalea foliosa ) Leafy prairie

- clover is found only in open limestone cedar glades, limestone barrens, and dolomite prairies which have shallow, silt to silty clay loam soils
over flat and often highly fractured, horizontally bedded
limestone or dolomite with frequent expanses of exposed bedrock at
surface. Elevations are typically between 550
and 700 feet. These habitats experience high
surface and soil temperatures, generally
have low soil moisture but are wet in the spring
and fall and become droughty in summer.
The distribution of glade, barren, and dry to wet dolomite prairie at any particular site
varies and leads to a
mosaic of soils and their associated plant communities (USFWS, 1996, p.13). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with prairies or areas with
visible bedrock. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/900919b.pdf

Quillwort,
Louisiana ( Isoetes louisianensis ) This species grows in sandy soils and gravel
bars in or near shallow
blackwater streams and
overflow channels in riparian woodland. bayhead forests of fine flatwoods and upland longleaf pine (US FWS, 1996). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with streams, overflow channels, or riparian
woodlands. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960930b.pdf115 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Rock

- cress, Braun's ( Arabis perstellata ) Braun’s rockcress occurs on the slopes of calcareous mesophytic
and sub

- xeric forest types. The occurrence of this species does not appear to be limite d to a particular slope aspect, elevation, or moisture regime within the slope forests. It is, however,
sun intolerant and always occurs in at least partial shade. The largest and most vigorous populations
occur on moist mid

- to upper slope sites. Plants

a re often found around rock outcrops, protected sites on the downslope side of tree bases, and
sites of natural disturbance, such as talus slopes and animal trails. It is rarely found growing among the
Leaf litter and
herbaceous cover of the forest floor (U S FWS, 1997). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with calcareous mesophytic
and sub

- xeric forested systems. USFWS. 1997. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/970722.pdf

Rosemary, Cumberland ( Conradina verticillata ) This species is found on rocky river bars composed of unsorted boulders, cobbles, gravel and sand, with the largest populations occurring in open,
washed

- out ar eas near the centers of these
bars. The essential habitat requirements of this species are: open to barely shaded sites; moderately deep, sandy,
well

- drained soils with no visible organic matter; periodic forceful flooding to The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
rivers. USFWS. 2011. Five Year Rev iew. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3629.pdf116 Species Habitat Rationale Source maintain openness; topographic features to
enhance sand deposition; and, perhaps, periods of
inundation of at least
two weeks to induce rooting at the lower nodes (pg. 8) (US FWS, 2011). Sandwort,
Cumberland ( Arenaria
cumberlandensi

s ) This species is
restricted to sandstone rock houses, l edges, and solution pockets on sandstone rock faces; The species is found on the sandy floors of rock houses, in solution pockets on the face of sandstone cliffs, and on ledges beneath overhanging sandstone (pg. 4) (US FWS, 1996). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sandstone rock houses, ledges, or rock faces. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960620.pdf

Skullcap, large

flowered ( Scutellaria

montana ) This species occurs in slope, ravine, and

stream

- bottom forests in northwestern Georgia and adjacent
southeastern Tennessee.
Habitat loss and lack of
information on appropriate management are the
factors li miting the
number of viable populations (US FWS, 1996). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
ravine and stream

bottom forests. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/960515.pdf

Spiraea, Virginia ( Spiraea virginiana ) Spiraea virginiana is found along the banks of high gradient
sections of second and third order streams, or
on meander scrolls and point bars, na tural levees, and other
braided features of lower reaches (often The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks,
or other water bodies. USFWS. 1992. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/921113a.pdf117 Species Habitat Rationale Source near the stream mouth).
The habitat is in oft

disturbed early
successional areas.
Occasional flood scouring reduces shading and seems to be essential, although the spiraea can tolerate

some overstory growth (US FWS, 1992, pp.17

- 18.). Sunflower,
whorled ( Helianthus
verticillatus ) This species
occurs in remnant prairie habitats found in uplands and swales
of headwater
streams in the Coosa
River watershed in Georgi a and Alabama
and in the East
Fork Forked Deer and
Tuscumbia
Rivers’ watersheds in
Tennessee. (US FWS 2014, p. 50993) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with prairie habitats. USFWS. 2014. Federal Register: Designation of Critical Ha bitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2014

- 08

- 26/pdf/2014

- 19558.pdf

Thistle,
Pitch er's ( Cirsium pitcheri ) It occurs on non

forested sand dunes of several types (grassland dunes, simple linear beach foredunes,
continuous and
discontinuous dune complexes), sand beaches, and sandy blowouts, primarily occurring around the Great Lakes (US F WS, 2002, p. 23

- 27). The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sand dunes, sand beaches, or sandy
blowouts. USFWS. 2002. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/020920b.pdf

Alabama
canebrake pitcher

- plant ( Sarracenia
rubra
alabamensis ) Occurs in sandhill seeps, swamps, and bogs along the fall

- line
of central Alabama. Colony sites are wet much of the year and
are often character ized as wet bogs or wet The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with seeps, swamps or bogs. 1992 USFWS Recovery Plan:
Alabama Canebrake Pitcher Plant

2012 USFWS Alabama C anebrake
Pitcher

- Plant ( Sarracenia rubra ssp.
alabamensis )118 Species Habitat Rationale Source

flatwoods. Within this general habitat type, colony health seems to
be a function of unaltered hydrology
and maintenance of an early successional stage in which competing woody vegetation is limited. Naturally occurring fires and hy drological conditions control the pioneering of woody species on these sites (USFWS 1992) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Alabama leather
flower ( Clematis
socialis ) Occurs in mesic flats, specifically in right

- of

ways, bush

- hogged areas, forests that have been selectively logged (USFWS 1989) Open grass

- seed

- rush prairie areas and adjoining hardwood swamp forests (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

me sic flats or forests. 1989 USFWS Alabama leather flower recovery plan

2010 USFWS Alabama leather
flower 5

- year review

Alabama streak

sorus fern ( Thelypteris pilo sa var. alabamensis ) All known Alabama
occurrences of the
Alabama streak

- sorus fern are found on Pottsville sandstone, where plants grow in crevices and rough
surfaces on the
roofs and floors of
sandstone rockhouses formed along these cliffs (Watkins a nd Farrar 2002). The plants typically occur on moist, shady sites such as ceilings of rockhouses, ledges
beneath sandstone overhangs, and on exposed cliff faces The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
sandstone rockhouses. 2014 USFWS Alabama streak

sorus fern ( Thelypteris
burksiorum ) 5

- year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Page 7.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc4363.pdf119 Species Habitat Rationale Source
(USFWS 1996). Locations vary in slope aspect and shade coverage, from completely shaded to partially sunny on exposed bluff faces. Sites are usually directly above or a short distance from the river, are shaded to partially sunny, and have substrates that are kept moist by water vapor from the river and up

slope runoff over the sandstone (USFWS 1996). (USFWS 2014) Ashy dogweed ( Thymophylla tephroleuca ) Occurs in the ceniza

b lackbrush

creosotebush brush community in the South Texas Plains vegetation area; however, this site may have originally been grassland. Noted to grow in open areas
on fine

- sandy loam, however the only known population
occurs on Maverick

Caterina soil

asso ciation, which is clayey, saline, deep to shallow, fine textured, and slowly permeable. Underlying geology is the Laredo Formation, composed of Eocene sandstones and clays. The habitat probably once supported a greater diversity of plants, but dominant pla nts now are buffelgrass ( Cenchrus
ciliaris ), mequite ( Prosopis glandulosa ), goatbush ( Castela The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with plains. 1987 USFWS Ashy Dogweed ( Thymophylla tephroleuca ) Recovery Plan120 Species Habitat Rationale Source

texana ), Cenizo ( Leucophyllum frutescens ), anacahuita ( Cordia boissieri ), yucca ( yucca spp ), and javelina brush ( Microrhamnus
ericoides ) (USFWS 1987)
Black lace

cactus ( Echinocereus
reic henbachii
var. albertii ) This species is found in the vicinity of dense brush, but grows in mostly open, unshaded areas (USFWS 2009) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
areas of dense brush. 2009 USFWS Black Lace Cactus ( Echino cereus reichenbachii var.
albertii )
5

- year Review: Summary and Evaluation Black spored quillwort ( Isoetes melanospora ) Black

- spored quillwort
is restricted to sh allow,
flat bottomed depressions on granitic outcrops in the piedmont region of Georgia. Depressions are entirely rock rimmed and generally occur near the summit,
with most water accumulating from
direct rainfall and little flowing water to provide nutrie nt input. (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 2008 USFWS Granite Outcrop
Plants 5

- year Review. Page 8.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.g ov/docs/five_year _review/doc1987.pdf

Bunched
arrowhead ( Sagittaria fasciculata ) Obligate wetland species. Saturated to
flooded soils.
Undisturbed sites are typic ally located just below the origin of slow, continuous seeps on gently sloping
terrain in deciduous woodlands (USFWS 1983) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 1983 USFWS Bunched Arrowhead Recovery Plan.

Bunched cory

cactus ( Coryphantha
ramillosa ) The species grows on
limestone in xerophyllous scrub and
in the desert on bare rock, talus, or scree. Coryphantha ramillosa also grow s in The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
desert. 1989 USFWS B unched Cory
Cactus ( Cory Dhantha rami llosa )
R ecovery Plan121 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Chihuahuan Desert
succulent scrub on rocky slopes, ledges, and gravelly flats on
Santa Elena or Boquillas limestones (USFWS 1989) Canby's dropwort ( Oxypolis canbyi ) Coastal plains

- specifically in pond cypress savannas, the shallows and edges of cypress pond/pine sloug hs, and wet pine
savannas. These are shallowly flooded, open
habitats. Found in natural ponds dominated by cypress,

grass

- sedge dominated Carolina bays. (USFWS 1990) Wetlands (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

wet lands. 1990 USFWS Canby's dropwort recovery plan

2010 USFWS Canby's dropwort 5

- year review

Chisos
Mountain hedgehog
Cactus ( Echinocereus chisoensis var.
chisoens is ) Alluvial flats with
Chihuahuan desert scrub vegetation (USFWS 1993) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
deserts. 1993 USFWS Chisos Mountain hedgehog cactus recovery plan

Cooley's
meadowrue ( Thalictrum cooleyi ) Grassland/herbaceous, woody wetland, and herbaceous wetlands (p. i). (USFWS 1994) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 1994 USFWS Recovery Plan

Davis' green pitaya ( Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii ) Chichuahuan desert in a
semi

- arid grassland. (USFWS 1984)

Outcrops of Caballos
Novaculite For mation;
found in cracks and crevices. (USFWS 2012) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
desert. 1984 USFWS 5

- Year Reviews of 23 Southwestern Species

2012 USFWS Davis' green pitaya and Nellie's cory cactus 5

- year review122 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Dwarf

- flowered
heartleaf ( Hexastylis naniflora ) Along bluffs and north

facing slopes, boggy areas along streams, and adjacent hillsides and ravines with acid, sandy loa m soils in
deciduous forests The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands or bluffs. USFWS NC State Herbarium Fact
Sheet

- Dwarf

- flowered heartleaf

Florida torreya ( Torreya taxifolia ) The Florida torreya is a
dioecious coniferous tree found in the slope forest (FNAI 2010) that cover hammocks, steep, deeply shaded limestone slopes and wooded ravines along
the east side of the Apalachico la River in Florida (Fig. 1), and adjacent Lake Seminole in Georgia. Soils in
these areas are within
the orders Alfisols and
Mollisols. (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. USFWS 2010. Torreya taxifolia ( Flo rida torreya ) 5

- Year Review. Page 13.
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3258.pdf

Fringed campion ( Silene polypetala ) Occurs in hardwood
forests in bottomland
and ravines. It is often on fairly steep slopes of deep ravines or north

facing hillsides, sometimes on nearly level ground, particularly in flatwoods developed on
Iredell soils. Occurs mainly in small isolated patches of rich hardwood. The great majority of populations
occur in the watershed of the Apalachicola River and its tributary,
the Flint River. (USFWS 1996) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1996 USFWS Technical Agency Draft Recovery Plan for Fringed Campion ( Salene polypetula )

USFWS Species Profile: Fringed campion ( Silene polypetala ) (http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/ profile/speciesProfile.action?spcod e=Q21P)123 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Gentian pinkroot ( Spigelia gentianoides ) Well drained upland pinelands; longleaf pine

- wiregrass ecosystem (USFWS 2012) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

ex pected to overlap with
forests. 2012 US FWS Gentian pinkroot
5

- Year Review

Golden sedge ( Carex lutea ) The land surface is characterized by large areas of broad, level
flatlands and shallow
stream basins. Golden sedge grows in sandy soils overlying coquina limestone deposits, where the soil pH is unusually high for this region, typically
between 5.5 and 7.2. Soils supporting the species are very wet to periodical ly shallowly inundated. The species prefers the ecotone (narrow transition zone
between two diverse ecological communities) between the pine savanna and adjacent wet hardwood
or hardwood/conifer forest. Most plants occur in the partially
shaded savanna/s wamp where occasional to frequent fires favor an herbaceous ground layer and suppress
shrub dominance. Other species with which this sedge grows include tulip poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), pond cypress ( Taxodium
ascendens ), red maple ( Acer rubrum var.
trilobum ), wax myrtle ( Myrica cerifera var. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 2009 USFWS Golden Sedge ( Carex lutea ) Five

- Year Review: Summary and Ev aluation124 Species Habitat Rationale Source cerifera ), colic root ( Aletris farinosa ), and several species of
beakrush ( Rhynchospora spp .). At most sites, golden sedge shares its habitat with Cooley's meadowrue ( Thalictrum cooleyi ), another federally endan gered plant species, and with
Thorne's beakrush ( Rhynchospora
thornei ), a species of concern to us. (USFWS 2009) Bat, gray (Myotis grisescens) Gray bats are year round cave dwellers, although they may also use mines. They
hibernate from as late
as November 10 to la te March or early April. At other times, they forage from late afternoon through early morning within 12

- 20 miles of their caves,
most often within 4
miles of their caves. Foraging habitat is strongly correlated with open waters (rivers, lakes, reservoir s) (US FWS, 2009, pp. 6

- 7). Historically, rivers near caves provided both foraging habitat and riparian tree vegetation that provided cover.
Small lakes and
reservoirs where cover
is not too distant also provide foraging
habitat. Bats will opportunistic ally forage in riparian and upland areas, particularly when The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to encompass caves or the forest/open
water areas where bats forage. USFWS. 1982. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws .gov/docs/recovery_ plan/820701.pdf

USFWS. 2009. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc2625.pdf125 Species Habitat Rationale Source migrating (US FWS, 1982. pp. 6

- 7).

Green pitcher

plant ( Sarracenia oreophila ) Habitats can be generally grouped into two types: stream banks (considered ephemeral) and upland bogs. Upland bogs, fire dependent, range from open to forested, underlain by semi

impervious clay layers (USFWS 2013) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

ex pected to overlap with
wetlands. 2013 US FWS Green pitcher plant ( Sarracenia oreophila ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Hairy
rattleweed ( Baptisia arachnif era ) 22 extant populations occur entirely in Lower
Coastal Plain of Georgia, 125 square
miles over northern Brantley County and
southeastern corner of Wayne County. Longleaf slash

- pine flatwoods with sparse canopy, fewer larger shrubs, greater light

pene tration and greater cover of herbs (mainly wiregrass) and low
shrubs o f the Lower
Coastal Plain of
Ge o r gia. Early

succes s ional characteristics of open canopy and low abundance of larger shrubs. Mesic pine lowland forest or pine
flatwoods. Also occurs
in fl oristically similar but more open pine

wire grass ( Aristida
stricta ) shrub
woodlands with
occasional oaks The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the margins of cultivated
land. 2011 USFWS Hairy Rattleweed ( Baptisia arachnifera ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

1984 USFWS Recovery Plan for Hairy Rattleweed ( Baptisia arachnifera )126 Species Habitat Rationale Source
( Quercus laevis, Q. virginiana, Q. nigra ). Fire adapted
communities that would naturally burn every 2

- 4 years. Most abundant
in communities with the early successional characteristics of open canopy and low abundance of larger shrubs. Presently
occurs in slash

- pine plantations within its range, also along highway/utility/logging
road ROWs and some
natural communities (longleaf pine

wiregrass

- shrub

com munities), and margins of cultivated land (generally corn, tobacco, and pasture). Level to gently sloping land. Often adjacent to/grades into pocosin or bay swamp habitats
scrub

- shrub wetlands
toward the wetter end of spectrum to habitats typical of lon gleaf pine

turkey oak communities
towards the drier end. (USFWS 2011)
Heller's blazingstar ( Liatris helleri ) Heller’s blazing star
habitat consists of rock

outcr ops, ledges, cliffs, and balds at high elevations (USFWS 1989) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rock outcrops or cliffs. 1989 USFWS R ecovery Plan
for Liatris helleri (Heller’s Blazing Star)

Hinckley oak ( Quercus hinckleyi ) Quercus hincklevi
occurs in an arid subtropical climate. Climatologists place it
in the Trans

- Pecos climatic area of Texas, which is extremely The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1991 USFWS Hinckley Oak ( Quercus hinckleyi )
5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation127 Species Habitat Rationale Source

variable because of

t opographic differences. The area generally has great daily temperature
fluctuations and an arid profile where evaporation exceeds precipitation. The average temperature is approximately 30.40°C (86.80°F), with an

average precipitation of 23.4 cm (9.2 inche s) (USFWS 1991) Houghton's goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii ) This plant grows on the
shores of the Great Lakes, mainly Lake
Huron and Lake Michigan, at the Michigan

- Ontario border. (USFWS 2011) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
shores

. 2011 US FWS Houghton’s Goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii A. Gray, Asteraceae)
5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Johnston's
frankenia ( Frankenia johnstonii ) Open or sparsely vegetated rocky gypsum hillsides or saline flats. In Texas, occur in mesquite blackbrush community (USFWS 1988) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
saline flats. 1988 USFWS Johnston's Frankenia ( Frankenia joh nstonii ) Recovery Plan

2003 USFWS Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Delisting the plant Frankenia johnstonii ( Johnston's frankenia ) and Notice of Petition Finding.68
FR 27961

Kentucky glade

cress ( Leavenworthia exigua laciniata ) Leavenworthia exigua
var. laciniata is typically found in
cedar or limestone glades (Baskin and Baskin 1981, p. 243), which are described by
Baskin and Baskin (1999, p. 206) as ‘‘open areas of rock pavement, gravel, flagstone, and/or
shallow soil in which occur natural, long

persisting (edaphic climax) plant The proposed d icamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS 2014. Designation of
Critical Habitat for Leavenworthia exigua var. laciniata (Kentucky Glade Cress); Final rule. Page
25691. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2014

- 05

- 06/pdf/2014

- 10050.pdf128 Species Habitat Rationale Source

communities dominated by angiosperms and/or cryptogams.’’ L. exigua var. laciniata
is also known from gladelike areas such as overgrazed pastures,
eroded shallow soil areas with exposed bedrock, and areas
where the soil has been scraped off the underlying bedrock (Evans and Hannan 1990, p. 8). These
disturbed areas are gladelike in the
shallowness or near

absenc e of their soils, saturation, and/or inundation during the wet periods of late fall, winter, and early spring and then frequently dry below the permanent wilting point during the summer (Baskin and Baskin 2003, p. 101). (USFWS 2014, p25691)
Kral's water

plantain ( Sagittaria secundifolia ) This taxon typically

oc curs on frequently exposed shoals or rooted among loose boulders in quiet pools up to 1 meter (3.3 feet) in depth. The plant is
found in the Little River drainage in
Dekalb and Cherokee counties, the Town Creek drainage in Dekalb County, and in
the West Si psey Fork in Winston County in Alabama. (USFWS 1991) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
water bodies. 1991 USFWS K ral’s W ater

P lantain ( Saciittaria secundifolia ) Recovery Plan129 Species Habitat Rationale Source Large

- fruited
sand

- verbena ( Abronia

macrocarpa ) Post oak savanna region
of eastern Texas.
Documented wild populations occur in acid, relatively infertile sandy soils of the Arenosa, Silstead

Padina, Pickton, and Wolfpen series lie 79

- 127 cm deep over sandy clay loam. (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with post oak savanna. 2010 USFWS 5

- year review Large

- fruited Sand

- verbena ( Abronia macrocarpa galloway )

Little Aguja (=Creek)
Pondweed ( Potamogeton clystocarpus ) Grows in alluvial substrates of shallow, protected area of Little Aguja Creek. Species located in pools along
the streambed. Flash floods and drought are part of the normal stream ecology (USFWS 1994) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
alluvial areas around
creeks. 1994 USFWS Little Aguja pondweed recovery plan ( Potamogeton clystocarpus ).

Little amphianthus ( Amphianthus pusillus ) On granitic outcrops in
the Piedmont physiographic region of
the southeastern United States generally in eroded depressions or,

r arely, quarry pools
fanned on flat

- to doming granite outcrops. Occur in
shallow flat

- bottomed pools on the crest or flattened slopes of unquarried outcrops. Pools might be several
meters in diameter. (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

ex pected to overlap with granitic outcrops. 2008 USFWS Granite Outcrop
Plants 5

- year Review

Lloyd's Mariposa cactus ( Echinomastus mariposensis ) Hills and lower slop es of mesas. Occur in full sun on patches of limestone chips.
Chihuahauan desert scrub community. (USFWS 1990) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
desert. 1990 USFWS L loyd’s
M ariposa C actus ( Neolioydia mariposensis ) R ecovery Pl an U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, New Mexico130 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Mat

- forming quillwort ( Isoetes tegetiformans ) Mat

- forming quillwort is restricted to shallow,
flat bot tomed depressions on granitic outcrops in the piedmont region of Georgia. Depressions are entirely rock rimmed and generally occur near the summit,
with most water accumulating from
direct rainfall and little flowing water to provide nutrient input. (USFW S 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with depressions on granitic outcrops. 2008 USFWS Granite Outcrop
Plants 5

- year Review. Page 8.
Available at: http://ec os.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1987.pdf

Miccosukee gooseberry ( Ribes
echinellum ) Mixed mesophytic hardwoods (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are n ot expected to overlap with
forests. 2008 US FWS Miccosukee Gooseberry 5

- Year Review

Michaux's sumac ( Rhus
michauxii ) It is endemic to the inner coastal plain a nd piedmont of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, where it occupies sandy or rocky open woods. It appears to depend upon some
form of disturbance to maintain the open quality of its habitat. (USFWS 1993) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sandy or rocky open
woods. 1993 USFWS RECOVERY PLAN for Michaux’s Sumac ( Rhus
michauxii ) Sargent

Michigan monkey

- flower ( Mimulus michiganensis ) Aqu atic to semi

- aquatic
habitat. It is restricted to cold, alkaline spring seepages and streams, usually in association
with northern white cedar ( Thuja
occidentalis ) swamps formed in drainages
found at the base of relatively steep, morainic slopes and
bluff. Within its habitat, it generally flourishes The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 2011 USFWS Michigan Monkey

flower ( Mimulus michiganensis ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and
Evaluation

1997 USFWS Recovery Plan for Michigan Monkey

- flower ( Mim ulus glabratus var. michiganensis )131 Species Habitat Rationale Source best in tree canopy openings, along forest edges, or along streams adjacent to open,
meadow

- like areas and flowers abundantly when growing in full sunlight. However, it mostly persists as sterile colonies when g rowing under heavy tree canopy cover. (USFWS 2011)

Surveys of some
locations found water temperature ranging from 8.7 to 16.6° C, pH ranging from 7.66

- 8.4, conductivity ranging from 190 to more than 300 umhos and high
concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus. (USFWS 1997)
Mohr's Barbara
button ( Marshallia
mohrii ) Marshallia mohrii typically occurs in moist, prairie

- like openings in woodlands
and along shale

- bedded streams. (USFWS 1991) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 1991 USFWS RECOVERY PLAN
for Mohr’s Barbara’s buttons
Marshallia mohrii Beadle & F.E. Boynton

Mountain golden heather ( Hudsonia

montana ) Fire maintained, keeps woody trees and shrubs down. (USFWS 2012)

Limited to chilhowee

q u a rtzite ledges and outcrops found along Linville Gorge. In
watershed of the
L inville River. Ledge habitats exposed to direct sunlight. Edaphically maintained
ecotone between bare
rock and The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not

expe cted to overlap with outcrops and ledges. 2012 USFWS Mountain Golden Heather ( Hudsonia montana ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and
Evaluation

1983 USFWS Mountain Golden Heather ( Hudsonia montana ) Recovery Plan132 Species Habitat Rationale Source pine/ericaceous shrub community, with mtn golden heather local
dominant in the

ecotone. (USFWS 1983)

Mountain sweet pitcher

- plant ( Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii ) It is found in the wetter parts of boggy areas in the coastal plain from southern Georgia and
northern Florida to southern Mississippi. Quite often the plants
can be found near the waterline. They may occasionally be submerged. While submerged, it will capture water arthropods and tadpoles. (USFWS 2013) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 2013 USFWS Mountain sweet pitcher plant ( Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii )
5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Morefield's
leather flower ( Clematis morefieldii ) It occurs in patches near seeps and springs in rocky limestone woods, typically at elevations of 800 to 11 feet, on the
south and wouthwest facing slopes of mountains in open to dense juniper

hardwoods
communities The proposed DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rocky
limestone wood habitat
on mountains. 1994 USFWS. Recovery Plan for
Morefield’s leather flower ( Clemat is morefieldii ). Atlanta, Georgia. 15 pp. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/940503.pdf

Nava sota ladies'

- tresses ( Spiranthes parksii ) Clearly associated with
the Post Oak Savanna vegetation type of east

central Texas. Highest
numbers of individuals found in lightly wooded, lightly grazed
stream banks of minor
tributaries associated
with the Navo sta and Brazos drainages (2, p.10

- 11). Oak Savanna
associates

– Quercus stellata

, Q. nigra

, Q
marilandica

, Ulmus The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

savanna. 1984 USFWS Navasota Ladies'

- tresses ( Spiranthes parksii ) Recovery Plan133 Species Habitat Rationale Source

alata

, Celtis laevigata

, Ilex vomitoria

, Forestiera ligustrina

, Callicarpa americana

, Ascyrum hypericoides

, Stillingria sylvatica

, and numerous herbs (USFWS 1984)
Neches River

rose

- mallow ( Hibiscus dasycalyx ) Intermittent or perennial wetlands within the Neches, Sabine, and Angelina River floodplains or Mud and Tantabogue
Creek basins that
contain: (a) Hydric alluvial soils and the potential for flowing water when found in depressional sloughs, oxbows, terraces, side channels, or sand bars; (b) Native woody or
associated herbaceous vegetation, largely with

an open canopy providing partial to full sun exposure with low
levels or no nonnative species. The pro posed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS 2013. Designation of
Critical Habitat for Texas Golden
Gladecress and Neches River
Rose

- Mallow; Final Rule. Page
56093.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 09

- 11/pdf/2013

- 22083.pdf

Nellie cory

cactus ( Coryphantha
minima ) Desert grassland.
Restricted to the
Caballos Naviculite Formation, a quartz
formation that forms
low

- lying ridges that are highly resistant to
erosion. The Nellie Cory cactus is usually found growing among the chips of weathered and physically fractured novaculite, often
associated with spikemoss ( Selaginella

sp. ). The plants follow
the cracks in the The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with desert gr assland. 1984 USFWS Recovery Plan for the Nellie Cory Cactus

2012 USFWS Davis's Green Pitaya Echinocereus viridiflorus
var. davisii Houghton and Nellie Cory Cactus Escobaria minima (Baird) D.R. Hunt (Syn. Coryphantha minima Baird) Five
Year Review134 Species Habitat Rationale Source formation (USFWS 1984)

Has a very clumped distribution, caespitose, plants not evenly distributed. (USFWS
2012 ) Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox)
sunflower ( Helianthus paradoxus ) Pecos sunflower is a wetland plant that grows on wet, alkaline soils at spring seeps, wet meadows, stream courses and pond margins. It has seven widely spaced populations in west

central and eastern New Mexico and adjacent
Trans

- Pecos Texas. These populations are all dependent upon
wetlands from natural groundwater deposits. Incompatible land uses,
habitat de gradation and loss, and groundwater
withdrawals are historic
and current threats to
the survival of Pecos sunflower. (USFWS 2005) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. USFWS 2005 Final Pecos Sunflower Recovery Plan

Avai lable at: http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/ documents/r2es/pecos_sunflower_ final_recovery_plan.pdf

Persistent
trillium ( Trillium persistens ) Found in deciduous or
conifer deciduous forest of steep ravines and gorges, bouldered slopes; predominantly mesic slopes, but some dry exposed slopes. Wide variety of habitat
conditions

– noted to occur generally under a well developed overstory but also in open or closed canopies dominated by hemlock,
hemlock

- white pine,
hemlock

- beech, white The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1984 USFWS Persistemt Trillium ( Trillim persistens ) Recovery Plan135 Species Habitat Rationale Source pine, chestnut oak

white oak, black

- oak

chestnut oak, with open or nearly closed shrub
cover of Rhododendron minus, Rhododendron maximum, Leucothoe axillaris, and all
combinations of the above, including with
no shrubs or deciduous shrubs only. (USFWS 1984)
Relict trillium ( Trillium reliquum ) This species is typically
found in mature and
undisturbed hardwood

s tands. (USFWS 1991) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1991 USFWS R ecovery Plan for Relict Trillium ( Trillium
reliauum Freeman)

Rough

- leaved
loosestrife ( Lysimachia asperulaefolia ) Found in ecotone between longleaf pine
or oak savannahs and wetter shrubby plant
communities. Coastal plains and sandhills. Requires moist, open
habitat. Associated
with 6 different community typ es: low pocosin, high pocosin, wet pine flatwoods, pine savanna, streamhead pocosin, and sandhill seep. (USFWS 1995) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with longleaf pine or oak

savannas. 1995 USFWS Rough

- leaved loosestrife recovery plan

Schweinitz's
sunflower ( Helianthus schweinitzii ) Currently known from roadsides, power line clearings, old pastures, woodland openings, and other sunny to s emi

sunny situations. Formerly, it probably occurred in prairie

- like habitats or post oak

blackjack oak savannas maintained by fires set by lightning and Native The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with

p rairie

- like habitats. 1994 USFWS Recovery Plan136 Species Habitat Rationale Source Americans (p. i). (USFWS 1994)

Seabeach
amaranth ( Amaranthus pumilus ) Barrier island beaches of the Atlantic coast, inlets, temporary habitats, m ay move as areas become suitable
or unsuitable habitat.
Overwash flats at accreting ends of islands, lower foredunes and upper strands of noneroding beaches (landward of the wrackline). Does not
occur on well

- vegetated sites. (USFWS 1996) The proposed d icamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
beaches. 1996 Weakley, Bucher, Murdock
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Recovery Plan for Seabeach Amaranth.( Amaranthuspumilius) Rafinesque ) . Atlanta, Georgia. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/96 1112b.pdf.

2007 USFWS Seabeach Amaranth
Five

- Year Review; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1068.pdf

Sensitive joint

vetch ( Aeschynomene virginica ) Oc curs in fresh to slightly brackish tidal river systems, within
the intertidal zone where populations are flooded twice daily. Typically occur in the
estuarine meander zone
of tidal rivers where sediments transported from upriver settle out
and extensive m arshes
form. Need disturbed/open habitats such as: accreting point bars that have not yet been colonized by perennial species, low
swales within extensive marshes, areas of
nutrient deficiencies in saturated organic sediments, or areas of
muskrat herbivo ry. (USFWS 1995) The prop osed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 1995 USFWS Sensitive joint

- vetch recovery plan

2012 USFWS Sensitive joint

- vetch
5

- year review137 Species Habitat Rationale Source Majority are found in
natural tidal marsh habitats, but also a few
documented cases of a pocket marsh wetland, edge of a moist soybean field, and a mowed grassy strip between a manmade drainage
channel and dirt road. (USFWS 2012)
Short's bladderpod (Physaria globosa) Soils and outcrops of calcareous geologic
formations al ong the
mainstem or tributaries of the Kentucky and
Cumberland rivers. The species inhabits these outcrops and soils where they occur on steeply sloped bluffs or
hillsides. The
combination of calcareous outcrops and shallow soils, steep slopes, and hot and dry conditions regulates the
encroachment of herbaceous and woody species that exclude Short’s bladderpod from vegetation communities present on
more mesic sites. The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to occur in
areas where calcareous outcrops , shallow soils, steep slopes and hot and dry conditions prevent
the encroachment of herbaceous and woody species such as soybean
and cotton. 2014. USFWS . Designation of Critical Habitat for Physaria globosa (Short's bladderpod), Helianthus verticillatus ( whorled sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa (fleshy

- fruit gladecress) Final Rule. Federal Register Federal Register Volume 79 Number 165 August 26, 2014 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys /pkg/FR

2014

- 08

- 26/pdf/2014

- 19558.pdf

Short's goldenrod (Solidago shortii) The habitat of Short's goldenrod is open areas in full sun or partial
shade. Known
occurrences are in limestone cedar glades, open eroded areas, edges, of open oak

hickory woods, cedar thickets, pastures, old fields, power line rights

- of

- way and rock ledges along rights

- of

way. Cedar glades and The proposed dicamba
DGA salt uses are not expected to overlap with glades, woodland edges, pastures, or other habitat favorable for goldenrod growth. 1988 USFWS. Recovery Plan for
Short’s Goldenrod. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 27 pp. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_ plan/shortsgrodRP.pdf

USFWS. 2007. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc1609.pdf138 Species Habitat Rationale Source woodland edges appear
to be the natural habitat. Short's goldenrod was known historically and currently only from Kentucky when the
Reco very Plan was written in 1988 (US FWS, pp. 3

- 4). An Indiana occurrence was located in 2001 along
the Blue River in riparian habitat (US FWS, 2007, p. 6).
Slender rush

pea ( Hoffmannseggi
a tenella ) Occurs in patches of
native short and mid

grass prairie (specifically associated with buffalograss, Texas wintergrass ( Stipa leucotrica ) and Texas grama ( Bouteloua rigidiseta ) adjacent to watercourses, such as permanent or intermittent creeks.
Restricted to the Texas Coastal Bend counties of Nueces and Kleberg.
Eco

- region is Gulf
Prairies and Marshes
biotic zone. Occurs on slopes (20 degrees max), along drainages, usually located in areas of short or sparse vegetation since it can't compete with taller grasses. H as been found on slopes close to mesquite

- granjeno
woodland areas and
where shrubs are low. (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with prairie. 2008 USFWS Slender Rush

- pea ( Hoffmannseggia tenella ) 5 Year Review: Summary a nd Evaluation139 Species Habitat Rationale Source

Small

- anthered
bittercress ( Cardamine
micranthera ) Native to small streambank seeps, adjacent sandbars, and stream edges in the Dan River drainage of the
North Carolina and Virginia piedmont. (USFWS 1991)

This plant occurs in moist and wet, shady
areas near streams and
in dim woodlands.
Small

- anthered
bittercress is known only from the Dan
River basin in north

central North Carolina (Stokes County ) and
south

- central Virginia (Patrick County). (USFWS 1998) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with stream edges. 1991 USFWS Recovery Plan for
the Small

- anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera

1998 USFWS Recovery Plan for
the Ca rdamine micranthera

Smooth
coneflower ( Echinacea laevigata ) The habitat of smooth
coneflower consists of open woods, cedar barrens, roadsides, clearcuts, dry lime stone bluffs, and power line rights

- of

- way, usually on magnesium

- and
calcium

- rich soils
associated with amphibolite, dolomite, or limestone (USFWS 2011) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with open woods, barrens, or
bluffs. 2011 U SFWS Smooth Coneflower ( Echinacea laevigata ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Sneed pincushion

cactus ( Coryphantha
sneedii var.
sneedii ) The Sneed and Lee pi ncushion cacti grow
in semi

- desert grassland (Brown, 1982). The Sneed pincushion
cactus is restricted to limestone and grows in
cracks on vertical cliffs or ledges. The Sneed pincushion cactus grows at an elevation of 1,200

- 2,350 m in areas
where the aver age The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
semi

- desert grasslands. 1986 USFWS Recovery Plan for
the Sneed and Lee Pincushion Cacti. Pages 8

- 9. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/860321b.pdf140 Species Habitat Rationale Source precipitation varies from 19.7 to 40 cm per year. Edaphic requirements are poorly understood. (USFWS 1986)

South Te xas ambrosia ( Ambrosia cheiranthifolia ) Grows in the Gulf coastal grasslands of
southern Texas. The plant is found in grassland and mesquite
shrubland habitat on
various soils.
Associated with sites
where native short

grass prairie species persist. Also on moderately disturbed sites such as cemeteries, right

- of

- ways, roadsides, parkfields, and eroded areas along creeks. (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with grasslands. 2010 USFWS South Texas Ambrosia ( Ambrosia
cheira nthifolia ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Star cactus ( Astrophytum
asterias ) Star cactus grows on sparsely vegetated areas in gravelly, saline clays
or loa ms at low
elevations in the Rio
Grande Plains. (USFWS 2013)

This species grows in grasslands and thorn
shrub of the Rio Grande (US FWS 2003) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with grasslands or thorn
shrub. USFWS 2013. Star Cactus ( Astrophytum asterias ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Available at: http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/ Documents/R2ES/Star_Cactus_5

- yr_Review_FIN AL_June2013.pdf

US FWS 2003. Recovery Plan.

Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/031106.pdf Swamp pink ( Helonias
bullata ) Swamp pink is found in a variety of wetland habitats, including swampy forested wetlands bordering small streams; headwater wetlands; sphagnous, hummocky,
dense Atlantic white cedar swamps; Blue Ridge swamps; The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
wetlands. 1991 USFWS S wamp P ink ( Helonias bullata )
R ecovery Plan

Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/910930c.pdf141 Species Habitat Rationale Source meadows; bogs; and spring seepage areas (USFWS 1991)

Terlingua Creek
cat's

- eye ( Cryptantha crassipes ) Grows on xeric, barren, gypsiferous, low
rounded hil ls and gentle slopes composed of small platelets of stilty
limestone in the Trans

Pecos shrub savanah (p. iii). Obligate upland (p. iii). (USFWS 1994) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
shrub savanna. 1994 USFWS Recovery Plan
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/940405.pdf

Texas ayenia ( Ayenia limitaris ) This species is
associated with forest
and scrubland of river flood plains and deltas
in south Texas and
northern Mexico. Occurs in open ground or under an open canopy, within or on the edges of thickets, on dry, alluvial clay soils. (USFWS 2010) The p roposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests or scrubland. 2010 USFWS Texas Ayenia (Tamaulipan Kidneypetal), Ayenia limitaris Cristóbal, 5

- Year Review
Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3241.pdf

Texas Golden
Gladecress ( Leavenworthia

texana ) Open, sunny exposures of Weches outcrops within Weches gla de plant communities that are characterized by the species listed in Table 1, with relatively thin, rocky soils that are
classified within Nacogdoches, Trawick, or Bub soils mapping units as identified by the NRCS soil survey maps. There must be bare, e xposed bedrock on top

- level surfaces or rocky ledges with very shallow The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with Weches outcrops. USFWS 2013. Designation of
C ritical Habitat for Texas Golden
Gladecress and Neches River
Rose

- Mallow; Final Rule. Page
56087.
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR

2013

- 09

- 11/pdf/2013

- 22083.pdf142 Species Habitat Rationale Source depressions where rainwater can pool or seepage can collect. (USFWS 2013)

Texas poppy

mallow ( Callirhoe
scabriuscula ) Rolling Plains Vegetation zone of Texas. Deep, alluvial sands deposited in Runnels County, Texas (USFWS 1985) The propo sed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the Rolling Plans. 1985 USFWS Texas poppy

mallow ( Callirhoe scabriuscula ): Recovery Plan

Texas prairie
dawn

- flower ( Hymenoxys

texana ) This plant grows only in the grasslands of the
Gulf Coastal Plain in
Texas. It can be found on open, barren stretches of saline sandy
soil at the base of Mima mounds. (USFWS 1989) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected t o overlap with grasslands. 1989 USFWS Hymenoxys texana
R ecovery P lan

Texas snowbells ( Styrax texanus ) Endemic to cliffs along rivers, streams, and dry
creek bed s in the
Edwards Plateau.
Grows in limestone
crevices of creek and
river bluffs. Elevations
are 30m to 914 m. Shallow soils, wide range of textures. Lightly wooded vertical
limestone and dolomite cliffs, mapped as Segovia and Fort
Terrett members of the
Ed wards Limestone, the
Devil’s River Limestone, and the
Glen Rose Formation. Numerous trees, shrubs,
and herbs associated. (USFWS 1987)

Moist habitats like river drainages, canyons, and draws, which are The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
cliffs. 1987 USFWS Texas Snowbells ( Styrax texana ) Recovery Plan

2008 USFWS Texas Snowbells ( Styrax platanifolius ssp. Texanus )
5

- Year Review Summary and
Evaluation143 Species Habitat Rationale Source

abundant in the
Edwards Plateau. Surface water may no t be present, but sites
have subsurface water
or collect runoff. Most plants are found where they get at least partial shade during the day from surrounding vegetation. Many occur on level terrain, but are
most often described on vertical cliffs possibly because of herbivory on
more accessible terrain. (USFWS 2008) Texas trailing phlox ( Phlox nivalis ssp.
texensis ) Sandy soils of open pine woodlands. Pineywoods vegetational area. Ma y also be associated with
the Gulf Prairies and Marshes vegetational areas, but this is not confirmed by historical
or extant records. Plant prefers open canopy and at least some ground cover, and
intermediate seral stages in community succession. (USFWS 1995) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine woodlands. 1995 USFWS Texas trailing phlox recovery plan

Texas wild

- rice ( Zizania texan a ) This plant grows in clear flowing spring

- fed waters. (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
water bodies. 2008 USFWS 5

- Year Reviews of 28 Southwestern Species

Tobusch
fishhook cactus ( Sclerocactus
brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii ) The cacti occur in gravelly soils along rivers and plants are periodically disturbed by flooding. Severe floods will destroy plants but some
disturb ance appears to benefit the species
because non

- flooded The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with streams, rivers or other
water bodies. USFWS 1987. Tobusch fishhook cactus recovery plan.
Available a t: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_ plan/870318a.pdf

USFWS 2010. Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Completed 5

- Year Review. Page 27. Available at:144 Species Habitat Rationale Source areas become very grassy which tends to
crowd out the cacti (USFWS 1987).

However by the early 1990s many new
locations had been discovered, and the species was known from eight counties.
Most sites were no longer in the floodplain,
but found from lower slopes to ridge tops (USFWS 2010) http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year _review/doc3073.pdf

Walker's
manioc ( Manihot walkerae ) An understory species that inhabits open
brushlands in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and adjacent mexico (p. i). Most manihot species are found in relatively dry regions, and only a few are typically found in rain forest regimes. Those species found in rain forest are typically found in openings in the
forest... these
considerations lead us the hypothesis that most species are heliophiles capable of growth only
when there is no shading, and that many of them are "weedy" types, capable of invasion into open areas (p. 6). (USFWS 2007) The proposed dica mba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with open brushlands. 2007 USFWS Recovery Plan

White bladderpod ( Lesquerella pallida ) The plant grows on openings in oak

, hickory, and pine
woods. It is limited to a part of the Piney Woods region on the Gulf The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1992 USFWS White Bladderpod ( Lesquerella padilla ) recovery plan145 Species Habitat Rationale Source Coastal Plain. (USFWS 1992)

White irisette ( Sisyrinchium
dichotomum ) This rare herb is typically found in open dry to mesic oak

hickory forests on mid

elevation mountain slopes and on open,
di sturbed sites, such as woodland edges and roadsides. (USFWS 1995) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
forests. 1995 US FWS RECOVERY
PLAN for White Irisette ( Sisyrinchitan dichoixirun )
Bicknell

White

- haired goldenrod ( Solidago albopilosa ) Grows in sandy soil behind the drip line of
sandstone rock

- shelters and on rock ledges. It is very rarely found in open sunlight and is
never found in the
darkest recesses of
rock

- shelters (p. i). (USFWS 1993) The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
sandstone rock shelters. 1993 USFWS Recovery Plan

Zapata bladderpod ( Lesquerella thamnophila ) Zapata bladderpod is
known to occur on graveled to sandy

- loam upland terraces above
the Rio Grande flood plain. The known populations of Zapata bladderpod are associated with highly
calcareous sandston es and clays, and occur within a community of shrub species. Zapata bladderpod occurs as an herbaceous component of an open Leucophyllum frutescens (cenizo)

- Acacia berlanderi (guajillo) shrubland alliance (Nature Serve 2002) (Figure 4). Both The proposed dicamba
DGA uses are not expected to overlap with
shrubland. 2004 USFWS Zapata Bladderpod ( Lesquerella thamnophilia ) Recovery Plan146 Species Habitat Rationale Source plant commun ities dominate upland
habitats on shallow
soils near the Rio Grande (Diamond et al. 1987). These shrub lands are sparsely vegetated due to the shallow, fast

- draining, highly erosional
soils and semi

- arid climate. (USFWS 2004)147 

### Appendix 3

Input parameters for TIM simulation for calculating mortality to Eskimo curlew exposed

to dicamba

Parameter Value Comments

p esticide name dicamba none

crop name Corn, soybean and

cotton none

species name Eskimo curlew Generic bird # (values of 1

- 30 are generic, 0 = custom) 0

Passerine ? (yes=1, no = 0) 0
nest type (0 =altricial, 1 = precocial) 1
Number of birds (trial s) simulated 10,000

Flock size 50 Most recent estimate of population
size Random number seed (Enter 0 if user does not select a seed) 0

Turns QC reports on (1) or off (0) 0 Turns TIM executable call for user input on (1) or off (0) 0

Turns MCnest outputs on (1) or off (0) 0

Food switch 1
Drinking water puddle switch 1
Drinking water dew switch 1

Inhalation vapor switch 0 The maximum vapor concentration at saturation (calculated by STIR) is
2.14e

- 3 mg/L. Since the available rat
inhalation to xicity data did not
establish an LC50 at a level that is orders of magnitude higher (i.e., 5.3 mg/L, MRID 00263861), this route

of exposure is not considered of toxicological concern.

Inhalation spray switch 1 This is automatically turned off by
the model due to the crop height.

Dermal contact switch 1

Dermal spray switch 1 This is automatically turned off by the model due to the crop height. Spray drift switch 0 Spray drift mitigations in place

Number of days simulated 3 Assume that while the birds a re moving through the area during migration, they will stop and forage
in an area for 3 d.

Number of applications 1 Assume that birds land in field on day of application Rate of application #1 (lb a.i./A) 1.0 Proposed label

Interval between app1 and 2 ( days) 0148 Parameter Value Comments
Rate of application #2 (lb a.i./A) 0

Interval between app2 and 3 (days) 0

Rate of application #3 (lb a.i./A) 0

Interval between app3 and 4 (days) 0

Rate of application #4 (lb a.i./A) 0

Interval between app 4 and 5 (days) 0

Rate of app lication #5 (lb a.i./A) 0

Time of first application (hour) 8 Assume that application is made in the morning. Application method (1 = Air, 2 = Ground Broadcast, 3 = Ground Banded, 4 = Ground infurrow, 5 = Airblast) 2 Proposed label

droplet spectrum for air and ground, (1= very fine to fine, 2 = fine to medium, 3 = medium to coarse (air only), 4 = coarse to very coarse (air only)) 1 Since spray drift switch is turned off, this parameter value does not impact
the model’s results. Spray height (m) 0.61 As sume 24” boom height.

Spray duration (min) 0.5 Default

Crop height (m) 0.127 Assumed height at time of 3 rd application (4 weeks after emergence).

Plant(crop) mass (kg/ha) 1 Default value. Not used because
inhalation routes are turned off. Crop type, (1 = field, 2= orchard, 3= vineyard) 1
Fraction of edge habitat receiving drift 0
Fraction of organic carbon in soil 0.015 Default
Bulk density of soil (kg/L) 1.5 Default
Morning feeding start times: min and max 4 5

Default (Lebanon KS) Morning feeding end times: min and max 6 10
afternoon feeding start times: min and max 16 19
afternoon feeding end times: min and max 20 21

Proportion of daily feeding taking place in morning:
min and max 0.4 0.6 Varying proportions of food
distributed between morn ing and
afternoon.

Gorging factor 3 Assume that birds gorge when they land. Factor of 3x normal feeding
based on ECOFRAM

recommendation. Body weight (g): mean, sd, min, max 362, 36, 273, 454 Dunning 1984 feeding category: (1 = insectivore, 2 = herbivo re, 3 = granivore, 4 = omnivore) 1

Fraction of each food item: insects, seeds, fruit, grass,
broadleaf 1.0, 0, 0, 0, 0 Recovery plan149 Parameter Value Comments

For juveniles: fraction of each food item: insects, seeds, fruit, grass, broadleaf 1.0, 0, 0, 0, 0 Note that although th ere are juvenile parameters included here, these values are not the focus of this report. The juvenile parameters are used by
the MCnest model. Resident status (1=field, 0 = edge) 0

Frequency on field: mean, min, max 0.1, 0, 1 Mean frequency on field o f species is
unknown. Mean values of 10% and 90% used to bound risk. Fidelity factor (Q), (edge residents = 0.6, field residents = 0.8) 0.6 Default

Contaminated fraction of food 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0

Food item half

- lives (days) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Fo liar dissipation half

- life used for
all food items.

Aerobic soil metabolism half

- life (days) 18 Aerobic soil metabolism half

- life. Stable to hydrolysis. Koc (L/kg

- oc) 13.4 MRID 42774101

Kow 0.71 Based on LogD

Henry’s law constant (atm/m3

- mol) 1.17e

- 9

Solubility in water (mg/L) 6100 SANDZONE Safety Data Sheet (Nov 1989) Dislodgable foliar residue adjustment factor 0. 48 default

Dermal adsorption fraction 1 default

avian acute oral LD50 (mg a.i./kg

- bw) 188 From bobwhite quail study.

Slope of avian o ral LD50 4.5 No value is available. Assume
default. Avian acute inhalation LD50 (mg a.i./kg

- bw) 0 Not available.

Rat inhalation LD50 (mg a.i./kg

- bw) > 594 Value converted from LC50 value. (MRID 00263861) Rat acute oral LD50 (mg a.i./kg

- bw) 2740 MRID 000 78444

Respiratory physiology adjustment factor 3.2 Default for bird body weight.
Chemical specific avian dermal LD50 (enter 0 if no value is available) 0 None

Food matrix adjustment factor 1 No data are available. Assume
default. Fraction of pesticide retained from one hour to the

next 0.99 MRID 43245202

ratio of juvenile to adult toxicity 1 No data are available. Assume
default.150 

### Appendix 4

Bird Species County Land cover Information Eskimo Curlew151152 

### Appendix 5

Critical Habitat Designations and P CE Descriptions153 Summary of 1 4 Listed Species Identified as being on Agricultural Fields with and without Critical Habit at Designations for AL, GA, KY, MI, NC, SC and TX Assessed for dicamba DGA salt

Species Name Primary Constituent Elements (PCE) Source Species with Critical Habitat Designations ( 5 Species) 3 Houston toad ( Bufo
houstonensis ) Bastrop and Burleson Counties, Texas. Primary Constituent
Elements not identified. http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=D004
#c rithab

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr179.pdf Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) Critical habitat designations are either mines or caves. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr161.pdf
Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) PCE: Relatively inaccessible terrain, thick understory vegetation and abundant food sources in the form of shru bs or tree borne soft or hard mast. Currently found in bottomland hardwood forest communities. Home range very dependent on forest cover. http://www.gpo.gov/f dsys /pkg/FR

- 2009

- 03

- 10/pdf/E9

- 4536.pdf#page=1

Virginia big

- eared bat ( Corynorhinus (=Plecotus)
townsendii virginianus ) Critical habitat designations are caves. http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A080
#crithab

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr366.pdf Whooping crane (Grus americana) PC E: All areas proposed in this rule would provide food, water, and other nutritional or physiological needs of the whooping crane during spring or fall migration. Consumption of some cereal crops in adjacent croplands during migration period. Direct relatab le resources to agricultural field possibly treated with 2,4

- D choline. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr237.pdf

Species without c ritical habitat designations (1 0 species) American burying beetle ( Nicrophorus americanus) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=I028
#crithab Attwater's greater prairie

- chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido attwateri ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=B00
O#cr ithab Eastern indigo snake ( Drymarchon corais couperi ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=C026
#crithab

Eskimo curlew ( Numenius borealis ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=B01
A#crithab

3 Critical habitat designation status determined us ing U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS) species profiles.154 Gopher tortoise ( Gopheru s polyphemus ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=C044
#crithab
Gulf Coast jaguarundi ( Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi
cacomitli ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A05
H#crithab

Lesser prairie

chicken ( Tympanuchu s pallidicinctus ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=B0A
Z#crithab Ocelot ( Leopardus (Felis) pardalis ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A084
#crithab
Red wolf ( Canis rufus ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A00
F#crithab



### Summary of 29 2 Listed Species Identified as being off Agricultural Fields with and without
Critical Habit at Designations for AL, GA, KY, MI, NC, SC and TX Assessed for dicamba DGA
salt

Critical Habitat Designation Species Name

Species with Cr itical Habitat Designations (11 3 Species) 4 [Unnamed] ground beetle (Rhadine exilis) [Unnamed] ground beetle (Rhad ine infernalis)

Alabama beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates)
Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni)

Alabama moccasinshell (Medionidus acutissimus) Alabama pearlshell (Margaritifera marrianae) Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkus i) Altamaha Spinymussel (Elliptio spinosa)

Amber darter (Percina antesella) Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) Arkansas River shiner ( Notropis girardi ) Austin blind salamander ( Eurycea waterlooensis ) Braken Bat Cave Meshweaver ( Cicuri na venii )
Braun's rock

- cress ( Arabis perstellata ) Cahaba shiner ( Notropis cahabae ) Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) Cape Fear shiner ( Notropis mekistocholas ) Carolina heelsplitter ( Lasmigona decorata ) Chipola slabshell ( Elliptio chipolaensis)

4 Critical habitat designation status determined using U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS) species profiles.155 Ch octaw bean ( Villosa choctawensis ) Cokendolpher Cave Harvestman ( Texella cokendolpheri ) Comal Springs dryopid beetle ( Stygoparnus comalensis) Comal Springs riffle beetle ( Heterelmis comalensis) Conasauga logperch ( Percina jenkinsi )

Coosa moccasins hell ( Medionidus parvulus ) Cumberland darter ( Etheostoma susanae ) Cumberland elktoe ( Alasmidonta atropurpurea ) Cumberlandian combshell ( Epioblasma brevidens ) Dark pigtoe ( Pleurobema furvum ) Devils River minnow ( Dionda diaboli ) Diamond Y Spring snail ( Pseudotryonia adamantina ) Diminutive Amphipod ( Gammarus hyalleloides )

Fat three

- ridge (mussel) ( Amblema neislerii ) Finelined pocketbook ( Lampsilis altilis ) Fleshy

- fruit gladecress ( Leavenworthia crassa ) Fluted kidneyshell ( Ptychobranchus s ubtentum ) Fountain darter ( Etheostoma fonticola ) Frosted Flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma cingulatum ) Fuzzy pigtoe ( Pleurobema strodeanum ) Georgetown salamander (Eurycea nau fragia ) Georgia pigtoe ( Pleurobema hanleyianum ) Golden sedge ( Carex lute a ) Goldline darter ( Percina aurolineata ) Gonzales springsnail ( Tryonia circumstriata ) Government Canyon Bat Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina vespera ) Government Canyon Bat Cave Spider ( Neoleptoneta microps ) Green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas)
Gulf mocca sinshell ( Medionidus penicillatus ) Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi ) Hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata ) Helotes mold beetle ( Batrisodes venyivi ) Hine's emerald dragonfly ( Somatochlora hineana ) Interrupted (=Georgia) Rocksnai l ( Leptoxis foremani ) Jollyville Plateau s alamander ( Eurycea tonkawae ) Karner blue butterfly ( Lycaeides melissa samuelisY) Kentucky cave shrimp ( Palaemonias ganteri ) Kentucky glade cress ( Leavenworthia exigua laciniata ) Leatherback sea turtle ( De rmochelys coriacea ) Leon Springs pupfish ( Cyprinodon bovinus ) Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ) Madla's Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina madla ) Mexican spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis lucida ) Mountain golden heather ( Hudsonia montana ) Narrow pig toe ( Fusconaia escambia )

Neches River rose

- mallow ( Hibiscus dasycalyx )156 North Atlantic Right Whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) Ochlockonee moccasinshell ( Medionidus simpsonianus ) Oval pigtoe ( Pleurobema pyriforme pyriforme ) Ovate clubshell ( Pleurobema p erovatum ) Oyster mussel ( Epioblasma capsaeformis ) Peck's cave amphipod ( Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki ) Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) sunflower ( Helianthus paradoxus ) Pecos assiminea snail ( Assiminea pecos ) Perdido Key beach mouse ( Peromyscus polio notus trissyllepsis ) Phantom springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis texana ) Phantom tryonia ( Tryonia cheatumi ) Piping Plover ( Charadrius melodus ) Purple bankclimber (mussel) ( Elliptoideus sloatianus ) Pygmy Sculpin ( Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) Rabbitsfoot ( Qua drula cylindrica cylindrica ) Reticulated flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma bishopi ) Robber Baron Cave Meshweaver ( Cicurina baronia ) Rough hornsnail ( Pleurocera foremani ) Round Ebonyshell ( Fusconaia rotulata ) Rush Darter ( Etheostoma phytophilum )

S alado salamander ( Eurycea chisholmensis ) San Marcos gambusia ( Gambusia georgei ) San Marcos salamander ( Eurycea nana ) Sharpnose Shiner ( Notropis oxyrhynchus ) Shinyrayed pocketbook ( Lampsilis subangulata ) Short's bladderpod ( Physaria globosa )

Sla bside Pearlymussel ( Pleuronaia dolabelloides ) Slackwater darter ( Etheostoma boschungi ) Smalleye Shiner ( Notropis buccula ) Snail darter ( Percina tanasi ) Southern acornshell ( Epioblasma othcaloogensis ) Southern clubshell ( Pleurobema decisum )

Sout hern kidneyshell ( Ptychobranchus jonesi ) Southern pigtoe ( Pleurobema georgianum ) Southwestern willow flycatcher ( Empidonax traillii extimus ) Spotfin Chub ( Erimonax monachus ) Spruce

- fir moss spider ( Microhexura montivaga ) Sunfish, spring pygmy ( El assoma alabamae ) Tapered pigtoe ( Fusconaia burkei ) Texas Golden Gladecress ( Leavenworthia texana )

Texas wild

- rice ( Zizania texana ) Triangular Kidneyshell ( Ptychobranchus greenii ) Upland combshell ( Epioblasma metastriata ) Vermilion darter ( Etheo stoma chermocki ) Waccamaw silverside ( Menidia extensa ) West Indian Manatee ( Trichechus manatus )157 Whorled Sunflower ( Helianthus verticillatus ) Zapata bladderpod ( Lesquerella thamnophila )

Species without Cr itical Habitat Designations (1 7 9 species) A labama (=inflated) heelsplitter ( Potamilus inflatus ) Alabama canebrake pitcher

- plant ( Sarracenia rubra alabamensis) Alabama cave shrimp ( Palaemonias alabamae ) Alabama lampmussel ( Lampsilis virescens ) Alabama leather flower ( Clematis socialis )

Ala bama red

- belly turtle ( Pseudemys alabamensis )

Alabama streak

- sorus fern ( Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis) American chaffseed ( Schwalbea americana )
American hart's

- tongue fern ( Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Anthony's riversnail ( Athea rnia anthonyi ) Armored snail ( Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta ) Ashy dogweed ( Thymophylla tephroleuca ) Bachman's warbler (=wood) ( Vermivora bachmanii) Barton Springs salamander ( Eurycea sosorum ) Bee Creek Cave harvestman ( Texella reddelli) Big Bend gambusia ( Gambusia gaigei ) Black lace cactus ( Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii ) Black spored quillwort ( Isoetes melanospora )

Black

- capped Vireo ( Vireo atricapilla ) Blackside dace ( Phoxinus cumberlandensis ) Blue Ridge goldenrod ( Solid ago spithamaea )

Blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea) Bone Cave harvestman (Texella reyesi ) Boulder darter ( Etheostoma wapiti) Bunched arrowhead ( Sagittaria fasciculata) Bunched cory cactus (Coryphantha ramillosa ) Canby's dropwort ( Oxypolis canbyi) Carolina northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Cherokee darter ( Etheostoma scotti ) Chisos Mountain hedgehog Cactus ( Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis) Clear Creek gambusia ( Gambusia heterochir) Clubshell ( Pleurobema clava ) Coffin Cave mold beetle ( Batrisodes texanus) Comanche Springs pupfish ( Cyprinodon elegans) Cooley's meadowrue ( Thalictrum cooleyi) Copperbelly water snake ( Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta ) Cracking pearlymussel (Hemistena lata)

Cumberland bean (pearlymussel) (Villosa trabalis)158 Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) ( Quadrula intermedia) Cumberland rosemary ( Conradina verticillata) Cumberland sandwort ( Arenaria cumberlandensis ) Cylindrical lioplax (snail) ( Lioplax cyclostomaformis)

Davis ' green pitaya ( Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii ) Dromedary pearlymussel ( Dromus dromas) Duskytail darter (Etheostoma percnurum) Dwarf lake iris (Iri s lacustris ) Dwarf wedgemussel ( Alasmidonta heterodon)
Dwarf

- flowered heartleaf ( Hexastylis naniflora) Eastern prairie fringed orchid ( Platanthera leucophaea) Etowah darter ( Etheostoma etowahae ) False killer whale ( Pseudorca crassidens) Fanshell ( Cyprogenia stegaria) Fat pocketbook ( Potamilus capax) Finback whale ( Balaenoptera physal us ) Finerayed pigtoe ( Fusconaia cuneolu s) Flat pebblesnail ( Lepyrium showalteri) Flat pigtoe ( Pleurobema marshalli) Flattened musk turtle ( Sternotherus depressus ) Florida torreya ( Torreya taxifolia ) Fringed campion (Silene polypetala)

Gentian pinkroot ( Spigelia gentianoides)

Golden

- cheeked warbler (=wood) ( Dendroica chrysoparia ) Gray bat ( Myotis grisescens ) Green pitcher

- plant ( Sarracenia oreophila ) Hairy rattleweed ( Baptisia arachnifera ) Harperella ( Ptilimnium nodosum ) Heavy pigto e ( Pleurobema taitianum ) Heller's blazingstar ( Liatris helleri ) Hinckley oak ( Quercus hinckleyi ) Houghton's goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii ) Humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) Hungerford's crawling water Beetle ( Brychius hungerfordi )

James spinymussel ( Pleurobema collina) Johnston's frankeni ( Frankenia johnston ii) Kemp's ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys kempii ) Kirtland's Warbler ( Setophaga kirtlandii )
Kral's water

- plantain ( Sagittaria secundifolia ) Kretschmarr Cave mold beetle ( Tex amaurops reddelli) Lacy elimia (snail) ( Elimia crenatella ) Lakeside daisy ( Hymenoxys herbacea) Large

- flowered skullcap ( Scutellaria montana) Large

- fruited sand

- verbena ( Abronia macrocarpa ) Leafy prairie

- clover ( Dalea folios a)159 Least tern ( Sterna antillarum ) Little Aguja (=Creek) Pondweed ( Potamogeton clystocarpus ) Little amphianthus ( Amphianthus pusillus ) Littlewing pearlymussel (Pegias fabula ) Lloyd's Mariposa cactus ( Echinomastus mariposensis) Louisiana quillwort ( Isoetes louisianensi s ) Lyrate bladderpod ( Lesquerella lyrata )

Mat

- forming quillwort ( Isoetes tegetiformans ) Mexican long

- nosed bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) Miccosukee gooseberry ( Ribes echinellum ) Michaux's sumac ( Rhus michauxii ) Michigan monkey

- flower (Mimulus mic higanensis) Mitchell's satyr Butterfly (Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii)
Mohr's Barbara button (Marshallia mohrii) Morefield's leather flower ( Clematis morefieldii ) Mountain sweet pitcher

- plant ( Sarracenia rubra ssp. Jonesii)
Navasota ladies'

- tre sses ( Spiranthes parksii) Nellie cory cactus ( Coryphantha minima )

No common name (Geocarpon minimum ) Noonday globe ( Patera clarki nantahala ) Northern aplomado falcon ( Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Northern riffleshell ( Epioblasma torulosa rang iana )

Orangefoot pimpleback (pearlymussel) ( Plethobasus cooperianus) Orangenacre mucket ( Lampsilis perovalis) Painted rocksnail ( Leptoxis taeniata ) Pale lilliput (pearlymussel) ( Toxolasma cylindrellus ) Palezone shiner ( Notropis albizonatu s)

Pal lid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) Pecos gambusia (Gambusia nobilis)

Persistent trillium (Trillium persistens) Pink mucket (pearlymussel ) (Lampsilis abrupta)
Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) Plicate rocksnail ( Leptoxis plicata ) Pondberry ( Lindera melissifolia ) Price's potato

- bean ( Apios priceana ) purple cat's paw (=purple cat's paw pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Rayed Bean ( Villosa fabalis ) Red Hills salamander ( Phaeognathus hubrichti)

Red

- cockaded woodpecker ( Pico ides borealis) Relict darter ( Etheostoma chienense) Relict trillium ( Trillium reliquum) Ring pink (mussel) ( Obovaria retus a) Roan Mountain bluet ( Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) Rock gnome lichen ( Gymnoderma lineare )160 Roseate tern ( Sterna dougal lii dougallii ) Rough pigtoe ( Pleurobema plenum ) Rough

- leaved loosestrife ( Lysimachia asperulaefolia ) Round rocksnail ( Leptoxis ampla) Running buffalo clover ( Trifolium stoloniferum ) Saint Francis' satyr butterfly ( Neonympha mitchellii francisci ) Schweinitz's sunflower ( Helianthus schweinitzii ) Seabeach amaranth ( Amaranthus pumilus ) Sensitive joint

- vetch ( Aeschynomene virginica) Sheepnose Mussel ( Plethobasus cyphyus) Shiny pigtoe ( Fusconaia cor) Shortnose sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostru m ) Short's goldenrod ( Solidago shortii) Slender campeloma ( Campeloma decampi )

Slender rush

- pea ( Hoffmannseggia tenella ) Small whorled pogonia ( Isotria medeoloides )

Small

- anthered bittercress ( Cardamine micranthera ) Smalltooth sawfish ( Pristis p ectinata) Smooth coneflower ( Echinacea laevigat a) Sneed pincushion cactus ( Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Snuffbox mussel ( Epioblasma triquetra) South Texas ambrosia ( Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) Southern combshell ( Epioblasma penita)

Southern sandshell ( Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis ) Spectaclecase (mussel) ( Cumberlandia monodonta) Sperm whale ( Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus)) Spreading avens ( Geum radiatum ) Star cactus ( Astrophytum asterias ) Stirrupshell ( Quadrula stapes ) Swamp p ink ( Helonias bullata ) Tar River spinymussel ( Elliptio steinstansana) Tennessee yellow

- eyed grass ( Xyris tennesseensis) Terlingua Creek cat's

- eye ( Cryptantha crassipes ) Texas ayenia ( Ayenia limitaris ) Texas blind salamander ( Typhlomolge rathbuni ) Texas poppy

- mallow ( Callirhoe scabriuscula ) Texas prairie dawn

- flower ( Hymenoxys texana ) Texas snowbells ( Styrax texanus ) Texas trailing phlox ( Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis) Tobusch fishhook cactus ( Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii)

Too th Cave ground beetle ( Rhadine persephone) Tooth Cave pseudoscorpion ( Tartarocreagris texana) Tooth Cave Spider ( Leptoneta myopica ) Tulotoma snail ( Tulotoma magnifica ) Virginia spiraea ( Spiraea virginiana)161 Walker's manioc ( Manihot walkerae)

Wat ercress darter ( Etheostoma nuchale ) White bladderpod ( Lesquerella pallida ) White irisette ( Sisyrinchium dichotomum ) White wartyback (pearlymussel) ( Plethobasus cicatricosus )

White

- haired goldenrod ( Solidago albopilosa ) Wood stork ( Mycteria americ ana ) Yellow blossom (pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma florentina florentina)162 

### Appendix 6

U.S. Fisk and Wildlife Service Concurrence Memo for Eskimo Curlew Effects D etermination163 From: Swem, Ted [ mailto:ted_swem@fws. gov ]

Sent: Monday, May 11, 2015 5:40 PM

To: Wagman, Michael Subject: Re: Eskimo Curlew (Dicamba ESA assessment)



### Dear Mr. Wagman

Regrettably, we do concur with your determination. Although we prefer to hold out hope and
have not removed the Eskimo Curl ew from the list of Threatened and Endangered Species, we consider it to be "presumed extinct." We believe therefore that there are none left to encounter pesticides applied anywhere, and thus agree that the effects of the proposed action are
discountable

.

Thank you for checking in, though.

Ted Swem

On Mon, May 11, 2015 at 1:33 PM, Wagman, Michael < Wagman.Michael@epa.gov > wrote:

Ted Swem, Chief,

Endangered Species Branch,

Fairbanks Fish and Wil dlife Field Office,

US Fish and Wildlife Service (907) 456

- 0441

Dear Mr. Swem

The USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs is in the process of making an effects determination for the registration of the herbicide dicamba diglycolamine (DGA) salt on cotton and soybean fields in Texas, Nebraska and Oklahoma. Use of the pesticide will be limited to ground spray application using a formulation and specific spray equipment in combination to spray drift setbacks that result in pesticide application areas of conc ern limited to only the actual on

- field treatment site (the targeted cotton or soybean field itself).

Our review of available species location information suggests a potential for a migrant Eskimo curlew ( Numenius borealis ) passing through Texas, Nebrask a and Oklahoma to encounter a
treated field with dicamba DGA residues. Our analysis indicates that if such an encounter occurred, the residue levels that would trigger a concern for adverse effects to the
bird. However, in reviewing the available informa tion on the status of the Eskimo curlew 1 

### , we have determined that individuals of the species are extremely rare. This rarity of individuals164 

### indicates to us that the chance of an individual curlew to encounter a dicamba DGA treated cotton or soybean field would be extremely unlikely to occur. Therefore any effects of dicamba DGA salt to an Eskimo curlew would be extremely unlikely to occur.

An effect that is extremely unlikely to occur would be considered discountable in regards to an
effects determination and would be consistent with a determination of Not Likely to Adversely
Affect. We therefore have determined that the proposed use of dicamba DGA salt on cotton and soybeans in Texas, Nebraska and Oklahoma will Not Likely to Adversely Affect individual
E skimo curlews.

Does the United States Fish and Wildlife Service concur with our effects determination?

Sincerely,

Michael Wagman Biologist, Environmental Risk Branch VI
Environmental Fate and Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs
United States Env ironmental protection Agency
703

- 347

- 0198

1 

### Eskimo Curlew ( Numenius borealis ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation, August 31, 2011, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Fairbanks
Alaska