308189

JPRS 84326

15 September 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2844

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JPRS 84326

15 September 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2844

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

European MP's Visitors Viewed as Savimbi's PR Men

(Suzanne Cronje; WEST AFRICA, No 3442, 1 Aug 83) 1

BOTSWANA

Resources Minister on Success of Drought Relief Effort

(Goatsitwe K. T. Chiepa Interview; BOTSWANA GUARDIAN,

12 Aug 83) 3

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Spanish Cooperation Negotiated Under Tense Circumstances

(WEST AFRICA, No 3444, 15 Aug 83) 5

ETHIOPIA

Briefs

Workers Sent to GDR 7

GHANA

PNDC Takes Steps To Salvage Cocoa Industry

(WEST AFRICA, No 3444, 15 Aug 83)

Briefs

Cocoa Rehabilitation Problems 1°

Nigerian Oil

Port Security

Prison for Tax Offenders H

Speedier Trials -^1

10

10

GUINEA

Article Examines Presidential Succession, Country's Economy

(WEST AFRICA, No 3443, 8 Aug 83) 12

- a - [III - NE & A - 120]
LIBERIA

Government Demands Lamco Pay $3 Million Debt

(AFP, 11, 20 Aug 83) 15

Export Ban

Export Ban Lifted

Briefs

Minister Reports Debt 16

MALAWI

Briefs

Congress Party Convention Scheduled 17

MALI

Article Discusses Country's Food Strategy

(WEST AFRICA, No 3444, 15 Aug 83) 18

MAURITIUS

Prime Minister Discusses Election, Economy

(Port Louis Domestic Service, 30 Aug 83) 20

NAMIBIA

Outlook for Namibian Independence: Some Domestic Constraints

(John Barratt; INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BULLETIN, No 1,

1983) 22

Correspondent Reports on Visit to War Zone

(Patrick Bulger; SOWETAN, 22, 23 Aug 83) 31

CANU Says AG Did Not Consult It on Council

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 4 Aug 83) 35

White-Fish Industry Faces Bankruptcy

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 9 Aug 83) 36

Briefs

Training in East Germany 38

DTA Asks to Address UN 38

New Body for Papers 38

NIGERIA

Commentary Says Nigerians Reject Plots

(Lagos Domestic Service, 29 Aug 83)

- b -

39
Briefs

Resumption of Work Ordered 41

NPN Prospects, Accusations 41

Gasoline Smuggled to Chad 42

One-Party System 42

Angolan Envoy Praises Ties 42

20 Arrested for Election Violence 42

Public Meetings Banned 43

Transition Committee Appointed 43

354 Arrested for Election Abuses 43

RWANDA

Development Council Delegation Visits PRC

(Kigali Domestic Service, 26 Aug 83) 44

SEYCHELLES

Seychelles-Japan Association To Represent Tourist Board in

Tokyo

(NATION, 22 Aug 83) 45

Defense Ministry Lifts Curfew at Sea

(NATION, 23 Aug 83) 47

Implementation of 10 Zone of Peace Policy Urged

(Editorial; NATION, 20 Aug 83) 48

Soviet Cement Given Infrastructural Development

(NATION, 11 Aug 83) 50

Slight Fall in Imports Reported

(NATION, 18 Aug 83) ' 52

Joint Tourism Project Signals Better Relations With Kenya

(NATION, 16 Aug 83) 54

Students To Spend Week-ends Home

(NATION, 20 Aug 83) 56

Briefs

Copra, Cinnamon Exports Up 58

Parastatals' Financial Position 58

AYCF Gift 58

Tourism Improves 59

Fideco Research Project 59

- c -
SOMALIA

Joint Communique With Kampuchea Issued 27 August

(Mogadishu Domestic Service, 27 Aug 83) 60

SOUTH AFRICA

Parties Varied Reaction to Referendum Noted

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 25 Aug 83) 62

Thousands May Be Disqualified From Voting on Reform

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Aug 83) 64

Future Effectiveness of UDF in Doubt

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 23 Aug 83) 65

Top Post in SA Police Reinforced by Minister

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Aug 83) 67

Reserve Bank Reports Fewer Jobs Offered

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 83) 68

Sentrachem Production, Losses Reported

(Simon Willson; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Aug 83) 69

Inflation Keeps Its Grip on Nation

(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 83) 70

'Rapport' Comments on Outcome of Opinion Poll

(SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST, 5 Aug 83) 71

Wits Students Clash Over SWAPO

(Mark Gordon; THE CITIZEN, 25 Aug 83) 72

Professor Slams Proposal for Teachers' Trade Union

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 83) 73

Witwatersrand Student Demonstration Deplored

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 26 Aug 83) 74

Representativity of UDF Praised

(Editorial; SOWETAN, 22 Aug 83) 76

Rugby Federation Team To Include White Players

(THE CITIZEN, 23 Aug 83) 78

Indians Irked by Whites-Only Referendum

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Aug 83) 79

Sasol Aftertax Profits Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 83) 80

- d -
Durban Survey on Integration Creates Uproar

(THE CITIZEN, 23 Aug 83) 81

Briefs

New Military Chief 82

Wits Students Held 82

No Sarb Color Bar 82

TES Rejects 'Militant' Label 83

Sports Policy Hit 83

Angry Moslems Demand Apology 84

Protea Profits Leap 84

SWAZILAND

Prime Minister Warns Civil Servants Over Dispute

(Mashumi Twala; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 31 Aug 83) 85

Secret Organization Membership Said Reason for Detention

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 1 Sep 83) 87

Paper Comments on Country's Image Abroad

(Editorial; THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 1 Sep 83) 90

Editorial Criticizes 'Pamphlets,' Power-Seeking

(Editorial; THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 18 Aug 83) 91

Swazi Envoy to UK Scores British Press Coverage

(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 17 Aug 83) 92

TANZANIA

Minister Expresses Satisfaction With Goods Distribution

System

(DAILY NEWS, 18 Aug 83) 93

Ulanga District Cotton Stranded

(DAILY NEWS, 22 Aug 83) < 95

One Hundred and Ten Percent Increase in Feed Prices

Reportedly Realistic

(Musa Lupatu; DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 83) 96

TANESCO Director Discusses Company's Development Plan

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 83) 98

Obstacles to Development of Reportedly Abundant Resources

(ARABIA THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW, No 24, Aug 83) 99

UNIDO To Submit Findings on Proposed Energy Development

Policy

(DAILY NEWS, 19 Aug 83) 102
Government Increases Prices on Petroleum, Its Products

(DAILY NEWS, 18 Aug 83) 103

Tanzanair Resumes Charter Service After Three-Month

Suspension

(DAILY NEWS, 20 Aug 83) 104

Nyerere Receives Last Part of Report of Government Named

Commission

(SUNDAY NEWS, 21 Aug 83) 105

Government Asks Freight Industry to Use SINOTASHIP

(DAILY NEWS, 22 Aug 83) 1°6

IEM Chairman Announces Six-Year IMF Expansion Project

(DAILY NEWS, 20 Aug 83) 1°7

UFI To Import Animal-Drawn Plows From India, Zamhia

(Sukhdev Chhatbar; DAILY NEWS, 18 Aug 83) 108

Briefs

GTZ Aid 109

FRG Maize Grant 109

Iran Resumes Oil Supplies 109

Tanzania-Malawi Road Link 11°

Deputy Finance Minister Resigns HO

ZAMBIA

President Kaunda Outlines Economic Plan

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 23 Aug 83) HI

Briefs

New Central Committee Members 114

Party Contributions Required H4

Detergent Shortage to Ease 114

- f
ANGOLA

EUROPEAN MP'S VISITORS VIEWED AS SAVIMBI'S PR MEN

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3442, 1 Aug 83 pp 1764, 1765

[Article by Suzanne Cronje]

[Text]

"I DO NOT hide my ties with South

Africa," Jonas Savimbi, leader of the

anti-government UNITA rebels in Angola,

told a South African journalist in August

last year. The interview, in which Savimbi

also described himself as an ally of Pretoria, made the front pages of the South

African press.

Last month, four Euro-MPs entered

Angola illegally to meet Savimbi. Britain's

member of the group, Sir James ScottHopkins, was asked on his return about the

nature of South Africa's military support

for Savimbi. "I don't think he is really on

very good terms with South Africa," ScottHopkins stated. Further, he said he had

seen no signs of active South African

involvement on the ground — UNITA was

receiving support from many sources. His

Belgian colleague, Beyer de Ryke, was

more forthright: South African aid for the

rebels Was much in evidence, as was their

reliance on South African supplies.

Savimbi was clearly much gratified by

the Euro-MPs visit and issued a "joint

communique" dated "July 16, 1983, year

of the anti-Cuban campaign". ScottHopkins returned to London with the

UNITA message claiming that 50 British

employees in the Lunda Norte diamond

fields near the border with Zaire were

under threat; 3,000 guerrillas were poised

to attack the mine. But, said the Euro-MP,

"Dr. Savimbi is anxious that the Britons

should come to no harm and my view is

they should be pulled out immediately".

The British Foreign Office, which knows

how to assess UNITA warnings, remained

unmoved. Scott-Hopkins also publicised

Savimbi's boast that he was in control of

two-thirds of the country and would win

the war in two years "unless the Russians

decide to put in an enormous quantity of

men and arms" (on this the Belgian version

also differs, with UNITA in control of only

one-third of Angola, while rendering

another third insecure).

The main question this incident poses is,

what were four members of the European

Assembly doing in embarking on an illicit

propaganda trip on behalf of a South

African-backed rebel group which is trying

to undermine the recognised government

in Luanda? Scott-Hopkins informed the

Foreign Office before he set out, although

he says he went in a private capacity. He

also states that he went as a Euro-MP.

There is no doubt how the excursion is

viewed in Pretoria. Johannesburg radio

(which is strictly government controlled)

announced that "a four-man committee of

the European Parliament spent five days in

the UNITA-controlled territory of Angola.

Its" visit is significant in more ways than

one. It is the ßrst time that the Common

Market has had any contact with Dr. Jonas

Savimbi's UNITA movement . . .". But is

this the position of "the Common Market"

or, for that matter, the European Assembly in Strasbourg?

It is relevant that Scott-Hopkins is not

just any Euro-MP but the member, who in

his capacity as leader of the Conservative

Group, presented the Strasbourg assembly

with a report earlier this year which came

out firmly against economic sanctions
against South Africa. To be sure, it deplored apartheid and called for full implementation by all EEC members of the UN

arms embargo. But it countered the argument, which had been gaining strength,

that the time had come to apply economic

pressure to Pretoria. Nevertheless, the

EEC Development Commissioner, Edgar

Pisani, has been effectively pressing European countries to increase their aid to

SADCC members to help them withstand

South Africa's economic domination. Pisani has openly stated that the blame for

destabilising southern Africa lies principally on Pretoria. In Angola particularly he

deplores "the Cuban argument" as "an

example of bad faith", and he cites the

sabotage of the Benguela railway by

UNITA as an example of South Africanbacked action destroying an EEC-funded

project. The rehabilitation of the Benguela

line has long been regarded as a key

southern African project by the Commission in Brussels.

The Benguela railway was also a main

topic of discussion during the recent meeting on border security between the presidents of Angola, Zambia and Zaire: disruption of the line causes serious transport

problems to all three countries. Some

agreement was also reached during the

tripartite summit on the repatriation of

refugees, and this was followed up within

days by the MPLA government in Luanda

with an offer of amnesty. MPLA Central

Committee member Celestino Shinhama

visited Solwezi in north-west Zambia —

where many of the refugees are — to

declare that all UNITA and FNLA dissidents outside Angola would be received

"with open arms ... to unite and work together in the reconstruction of the

country".

UNITA quickly turned down the invitation which it described as a plan to repatriate 10,000 UNITA supporters from Zambia "against their will". The fact that the

visit to Savimbi by the Euro-MPs coincided

with this rejection probably did not influence UNITA's attitude to the refugee

question, but it might have endowed him

with a spurious legitimacy in the eyes of his

exiled countrymen.

Will the Strasbourg parliament dissociate itself from the adventure of its ScottHopkins "committee"? Developments are

awaited with interest in Luanda. Angola

(like Mozambique) has only recently been

converted to the idea of participating in the

EEC-ACP treaty, and the support for

Savimbi by some of the Assembly's most

influential members is not being taken

lightly.

CSO: 3400/1817
BOTSWANA

RESOURCES MINISTER ON SUCCESS OF DROUGHT RELIEF EFFORT

Gaborone BOTSWANA GUARDIAN in English 12 Aug 83 pp IV, V

[Interview with Dr Goatsitwe K. T. Chiepa, minister of mineral resources and

water affairs by Linda Pfotenhauer; date-place not given]

[Text]

Interview with Minister of Mineral Resources

and Water Affairs, Dr. Goasitwe K.T. Chiepe.

Q. In your last interview with the Guardian

(April, 83), you highlighted one important

government strategy to

deal with the country's

water shortage as the

investigation ofpotential

underground water

sources (e.g. near

Ramotswa and Lobatse).

Could you tell us what

progress has been made

on that score?

A. "Well, considerable progress has taken

place. We have done

some drilling around

Ramotswa and we have,

in fact, started constructing a pipeline to bring

the Ramotswa water into

Gaborone. Lobatse is

now independent; and

there is a well field some

30 kilometres west of

Lobatse which may be

considered for supplementing the Lobatse

supply. We have drilled

some 50 kilometres

southeast of Molepolole

and we are considering

the construction of a

50-kilometre pipeline to

bring water into

Gaborone from Molepolole. We are studying

the water resource

around Mochudi. So altogether, we hope to get

in something like 18 000

kilolitres per day from

Ramotswa, from Molepolole and later, when

the source has been

established, from around

Mochudi. Studies are

now going^on_as to how

long these water supplies

can last. Some of this

water should be available by the end of this

year; and if we keep the

water restrictions, we

needn't stop development."

Q. With an overall

view in mind, could you

briefly describe all major

steps Governmentis taking to deal with Botswana's water crisis?

A. "We have commissioned a water study and

we are expecting a report

before the end of this

year. We have also

commissioned a hydrogeological study and

hope to produce a map

which shows the hydrogeology of the country.

This should help with our

drilling planning, because we spend much

money and time drilling

blanks. With a better

understanding of the

hydro-geology of the

country, we would know,

more or less, where to

expect water. This

should also help with the

TGLP and the planning

and development of

farms. In the long-term,

of course, we are looking

at the Okavango waters

and the Limpopo waters.

But that is more in the

long term, because although the water is

there, the cost would be

prohibitive. We are drilling around Lobatse,

Molepolole, and

Mochudi ~" for

Gaborone-Lobatse

water needs but for the

whole country, we have

this study. We have

publicity to help the public become more conservation-conscious. We

have plans for dams to be

built at Kolobeng and

Metsemotlaba Rivers.

We have started other

dam sites as well, along

the Motloutse, the

Shashe, the Malapye; it's

a question of finance."

Q. Academics have

long argued that drought

has a cyclical pattern in

southern Africa (every

17 to 20 years) and that

this pattern should be

heeded in considering

the development strategies of the country.

Has this cyclical rainfall

pattern been considered

by Government? If not,

will it be examined for

future planning?

A. "Yes and no. You

have this speculation,

some based on continuous observation. But

really, there is terrific

uncertainty about the

whole thing. The one

thing we are certain of is

that sooner or later there

is a droughtin Botswana;

so we must always plan

for a possible drought.

And we do plan for all

eventualities. We do

plan for the idea of

drought recurring, without specifying the exact

timing."
Q. It has frequently

been said that Gaborone

has beenallowedto grow

too quickly and that even

with good rainfall, the

Gaborone Dam does not

have sufficient capacity

to supply a town of this

size. Couldyoucomment

on this?

A. "It has grown

much, much faster than

anticipated. The demand

has outstripped thtj rate

of growth of supplies.

And this should never be

allowed, not only in

Gaborone, but anywhere

else. But when we have

raised the dam wall,

which we are doing now,

and we have developed

these ground water resources, the situation

should stabilise. But we

should guard against uncontrolled growth. In all

planning, the water supply situation must be

taken into consideration.

Government as a whole

is encouraging developmentin other parts ofthe

country."

Q. Are private industries presently looking

for their own sources of

water independent ofthe

Water Utilities Corp.?

A. "We do have discussions with private

industries. For the construction industry, we

have developed a borehole in the forestry area

(in Gaborone), particularly for small contractors. We have equipped

the borehole and we

have got a man there

who will supply people

who want to come with

their tankers to collect

water to continue their

construction. Some large

contractors, like Wade

Adams, have identified

some boreholes which

they can use; and we

have no objections . ..

Any other company

which thinks, they can

equip a borehole for

their own purposes, if

they have something useful they can do (for their

own water supplies),

then we are very

pleased."

Q. Heavy concentration of people in a semiarid area such as this one

has been described as an

impossible, impractical

situation from the standpoint of providing water

for so many people.

Could you tell me your

views on this topic?

A. "It is a very important factor. The most

important thing, I think,

is to plan ahead and not

just let settlements grow.

We should discourage

settlements where there

is likely to be a very difficult watersupply. One of

the things we must aim at

is insuring water conservation consciousness.

Wastage could be even

worse than a fast rate of

growth. The important

things are that demand

must not be allowed to

exceed supply, wastage

must be avoided at all

times, and there should

be consultations and

proper planning. The

Government's objective

is rural development,

make life as attractive as

possible in the rural

areas, where possible,

bring jobs to the people,

rather than that the

people should leave their

homes to go and look for

jobs."

Q. How severely has

the construction industry

been affected by the

water crisis?

A. "I don't think the

construction industry has

been very adversely affected. Their pace may

have been slowed down a

bit; but as I said, we have

developed a borehole

particularly for the small

contractors. They can

buy water and go ahead

with their work. I think

it's more than people

have less money and

therefore there aren't

many small jobs going."

Q. Itseems asif a lot of

new boreholes are being

drilled to ameliorate the

present drought situation and more will be

drilled to facilitate future

development plans.

Would this not bring

serious environmental

problems, as with cattle

owners moving cattle in

and more areas becoming over-grazed?

A. "It shouldn't happen that way, particularly with the drilling

we were talking about

earlier. That water is not

for cattle. All the water

has to be channelled into

the Gaborone-Lobatse

water system. For the

rest of the country, I

would have thought that

the more spread out the

boreholes are, the less

over-grazing there

should be. If you have

one big source of water

supply and all the cattle

come there, then there's

more likely to be overgrazing. If the boreholes

are spread more evenly,

then there should be less

over-grazing. And the

distances between the

boreholes are controlled

to avoid over-grazing."

Q. Why is the raising

of the Gaborone Dam

wall such an important

strategy in dealing with

the present water crisis?

A. You hear people

saying "What's the point

in pouring so much

money into raising the

Gaborone Dam and

building new dams when

the rains are so erratic?"

As early as last year,

people were "saying

"Why don't you build

dams all over?" We can't

do without surface water

and we cannot depend

entirely on underground

water supplies. The two

are complementary. We

hope there will be rains,

and very good rains; and

we do know that once we

have raised the dam wall

and we have had very

good rains, and we fill

the dam, then it would be

quite some time before

we need to use trie

underground system."

Q. How would you

rate the general efficacy

of Government's measures to deal with Botswana's water shortage?

A. "I think on the

whole we haven't done

badly. Of course, that

doesn't mean there's no

room for improvement.

We have a continuous

programme of water

supply construction in

the whole country, in the

villages and in the towns.

Only last year we connected Francistown to

the Selebi-Phikwe supply. Lobatse and

Gaborone, Tlokweng,

Mogoditshane are connected. We are looking

at the possibility of new

dams and at the possibility of connecting

Jwaneng with the

Gaborone water supply.

In 1981-82, we completed 37 villages. In

1982-83, we completed

45 villages, that is,

supplied them with water. We have done more

than 200 villages (in total). In addition to the

normal programme, 20

villages are targeted on

the drought relief programme. And we are improving our drilling

capacity."

CSO: 3400/1827
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

SPANISH COOPERATION NEGOTIATED UNDER TENSE CIRCUMSTANCES

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444, 15 Aug 83 pp 1874-1875

[Text]

Foday Fofanah reports from Barcelona on the recent eventful visit to Spain of

President Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea. The visit took place against

a background of stormy relations, the latest catalyst being the "Mico Affair":

the trip to the Moncloa Palace was no less stormy, despite anodyne

diplomatic communiques...

THE HEAD OF STATE of Equatorial

Guinea, Lt-Col. Teodoro Obiang Nguema,

recently ended a three-day official visit to

Spain. After talks with Premier Felipe

Gonzalez, President Obiang told a press

conference that the death penalty would

not be meted out to Sergeant Venancio

Mico, 33, for his part in the unsuccessful

"Palace Coup" attempt in May. The

Equato-Guinean leader also disclosed that

he had got the Spanish government to

renegotiate his country's debt ($45m.) with

Spain, and that he had negotiated continued co-operation agreements in the

fields of security and defence.

Senor Gonzalez told reporters that the

renegotiation of the debt would be carried

out bilaterally (with IMF involvement),

but he did not say what shape the fund's

interest would take. The Malabo authorities had earlier refused any intermediary

whatsoever in the renegotiation process.

The Spanish premier said Spain had no

vested interest in the "Mico Affair" other

than the rebel sergeant's "fortuitous" entry

into the Spanish embassy in Malabo and

his subsequent demand for political asylum

in Spain. (The army sergeant escaped from

interrogation after the coup was uncovered, and sought refuge in the Spanish

embassy, after the French and Russians

had refused him. As soldiers surrounded

the embassy, President Obiang threatened

to break into the building, by force, and

get the sergeant out. Madrid then dispatched foreign minister Fernando Moran to get

the Malabo authorities to guarantee a fair

trial for Sergeant Mico before any handover. Moran got this assurance, and the

sergeant was handed in.)

President Obiang described Equatorial

Guinea's friendship with Spain as "indestructible". He said he was "proud" to

speak Spanish, and pointed out that the

former colonial master's aid to the West

African nation was a moral obligation:

"This obligation is not imposed at all, it is

rather the result of an historical interdependence between our two countries."

President Obiang wasted no time in

proclaiming his desire to stay in power in

Equatorial Guinea, and lashed out at

"illegitimate" opposition movements in

Spain. He strongly denied press reports

that he intended to negotiate with either

the Junta Civica de Salvacion National, or

the Junta Coordinadora de Oposicion, two

of the exiled opposition movements, during his visit. President Obiang told his

Spanish hosts that talk about political

killings and the massive exodus of his

people to neighbouring Cameroon and

Gabon were "mere rumour".

Frustrated by their failure to talk with

Obiang in Madrid, the two exiled political
parties (a recent merger of all the opposition movements in Spain), called for the

resignation of President Obiang. In a

strongly-worded communique released in

the Spanish capital, they condemned "misery and abuse of power" and urged for "a

democratic, peaceful and urgent" solution

to the problems of Equatorial Guinea. The

Junta Civica also announced the cancellation of a proposed visit to Malabo scheduled for August 13 to present President

Obiang with their political package for the

"democratisation" of the regime.

Turning down an offer to meet the

foreign minister, Marcelino Nguema, and

other ministers accompanying Obiang, the

Junta said: "We would only have negotiated with Obiang. But we have concluded

that he is a mere hostage to his tribesmen,

rather than the Head of State of Equatorial

Guinea."

A Junta communique lamented the

"shameful" incident that took place on

Friday when protocol chief Manuel Nse

Nzogo was barred by Spanish guards from

entering the Moncloa Palace where the

Obiang-Gonzalez talks were held. Eyewitness reports said one of Obiang's bodyguards, understood to be Moroccan, made

a move for his pistol, but was promptly

neutralised by Spanish Civil Guards standing a few metres behind the two leaders.

Felipe Gonzalez came out of the palace

in an attempt to calm down the situation:

"Gentlemen, take it easy, we are in the

residence of the Spanish premier, I respect

the President of the Republic of Equatorial

Guinea, whom I offer the same guarantees

of security accorded the head of the Spanish government." Malabo's Chief of Protocol denied that any of President Obiang's

body-guards was carrying a gun: "They

were all unarmed before descending the

aircraft, and this is why we were three

minutes behind schedule", he explained.

(The Spanish premier waited three minutes

at the foot of the Spanish Air Force DC8

jet for his host to appear.)

In spite of all the diplomatic blunders

that characterised the Obiang visit, there

are indications that Spain wants to regain

lost ground in her ex-colony. Equatorial

Guinea has nevertheless been made to

understand that Madrid does not take

lightly the "disrespectful" reactions that

characterise relations between the two

countries. The socialist government lectured their guests on the respect for, and

fulfilment of, past accords.

Against the background of misappropriation of funds allocated for national

reconstruction in Equatorial Guinea, and

Spain's determination to clamp down on

aid to President Obiang's government, the

West African republic has accepted, on

paprrat least, supervision by the donor

country. Senor Enrique Bernaldez, an

official of the Spanish Treasury, residing in

Malabo, has been appointed to shoulder

this responsibility. The Spanish press has

repeatedly carried stories on the alleged

tenure by President Obiang and some of

his close collaborators, of secret accounts

in the Las Palmas branch of the Banco de

Espana. According to the news weekly

Actualidad, money issued as aid to the

West African nation never actually gets

there; from the Spanish capital the whole

lot goes into secret accounts owned by top

Malabo government officials.

CSO: 3400/1828
ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

WORKERS SENT TO GDR—The all-Ethiopian Trade Union [AETU] today sent 15

workers to the GDR for a lengthy period of study. The AETU revealed that 10

comrades will stay for a 10-month period of study, three for 2 and 1/2 years,

and two for 4 years. The AETU also said it will send other workers to the

USSR in the near future. [Text] [EA302332 Addis Ababa Domestic Service in

Amharic 1700 GMT 30 Aug 83]

CSO: 3403/53
PNDC TAKES STEPS TO SALVAGE COCOA INDUSTRY

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444»15 Aug 83 pp 1902-1903

[Text]

GHANA

For some years now the cocoa

industry in Ghana has been recording a downward trend in output, writes P. D. K. Bani. It would

not be fair to accuse past governments of neglecting or making no

meaningful efforts to find solutions to the various problems. All

have given certain incentives to

cocoa farmers to boost both production and morale, especially

through heavy subsidies of inputs,

and occasional increases in the

producer price. Changes were also

made among top executives of the

Cocoa Marketing Board. Thus

since independence, there have

been at least seven chief executives of the Board.

In 1978. the Archer Committee

was appointed by the erstwhile

Armed Forces Revolutionary

Council to investigate the operations of the CMB and to make

recommendations to the Government as to how best'the industry

could be restructured. It is pertinent to stress that the Archer

Committee should have tackled

paramount issues such as the lack

of good and accessible roads to

cocoa-growing areas, the unavailability of rail and road transport

facilities for the speedy evacuation

of cocoa from the hinterland to

storage depots and the ports.

Another important issue it failed

to delve into was the delay in

payments to farmers for cocoa

purchased. It is un undeniable fact

that the issues mentioned above

and many others are the factors

underlying the decline in cocoa

production and the lack of confidence on the part of farmers in the

CMB as an organisation working

in their interest in particular and

that of the nation as a. whole. The

Archer Committee, instead of

addressing itself to these burning

issues, concentrated on the politics

of redeployment. Its recommendation to "redeploy all departmental heads'" deprived the

CMB of most of its experienced

top management personnel, and

did not remedy the worsening

plight of the Cocoa Industry.

It is. therefore, gratifying and

worthwhile to note that since the

PNDC came info power, some

practical steps have been taken to

salvage the cocoa industry and the

nation's economy as a whole. An

Economic Recovery Programme

launched by the Secretary for Finance and Economic Planning.

Dr. Kwesi Botchway. emphasised

the need for the rehabilitation of

the cocoa industry for the success

of the programme. In the 1983

budget statement Dr. Botchwav

announced an increase in the producer price of cocoa from O60 to

C600 per load of 30 kilogrammes

or C125« per bag of 62.5 kilogrammes, adding that other incentives

would be available to farmers.

Prior to the release of the 1983

budget, the now dissolved Economic Review Committee had launched the "Akuafo Cheque" system. The Committee recommended this solution following investigations into the operation of

the CMB purchasing agents. It
was discovered that these agents

used the availably,cash for their

private businesses while they

issued the farmers with chits redeemable only on future dates.

The "Akuafo Cheque" makes it

possible for farmers to be paid

directly from the rural banks. The

farmers are also in a position to

benefit from loans obtainable

from the rural hanks. The scheme

is still in its infant stages, but the

farmers are steadily developing

confidence in the banks. As a

result of their hard work coupled

with the tight security measures

which have been adopted smuggling of large quantities of Ghana's cocoa to neighbouring countries has been reduced to the

barest minimum.

Plans to increase production in

the agricultural sector have suffered grave setbacks and the cocoa

industry rehabilitation programme

has not been an exception. An

example is the unprecendented

drought which prevailed throughout the country, brought devastating bush fires in their wake and

caused serious damage to cocoa

and other crop farms, dealing a

bitter blow to the hard-working

farmers. Realising the alarming

extent of the damage caused by

these natural disasters the PNDC

promptly launched a national campaign for the rehabilitation of

burnt cocoa farms.

Giving details of the rehabilitation programme Dr. Kwesi Botchway said that compensation of

C350 per acre of destroyed farms

that had been replanted with

cocoa as well as shade-crops (plantain, cocoyam). C250 per acre lor

farms replanted with cocoa seedlings only, and C100 per acre for

land recultivated with shade-crops

only, would be paid 16 the respective farmers. In an earlier address.

Mr. Ato Ahwoi. chairman of the

rehabilitation committee, had said

that a total of 300.(1(10 acres of

cocoa farms has been destroyed

which would have been able to

produce 40.000 tonnes of cocoa —

precious foreign exchange gone

down the drain.

Dr. Gyamfi. chief executive of

the CMB disclosed that free services, in terms of labour, expert

advice and other miscellaneous

services would be provided to

cocoa farmers. Altogether a

labour force of 40.000 is to be

mobilised: the Cocoa Services Division will provide 20.000; the

additional 20.000 will be provided

by the National Mobilisation

Committee, and will include students and volunteers. Commodore

S. G. Obimpeh. chairman of the

mobilisation and rehabilitation

committee would see to it that

returnees from Nigeria were recruited to play an active part.

Meanwhile, the mobilisation of

the youth and returnees for the

replanting of cocoa trees has begun in the Eastern Region where

considerable progress had been

made. As a futher step the Government has taken measures to

reorganise rail and road transport

to shoulder the responsibility of

evacuating cocoa from the growing areas to the ports. Loans

ranging from $40to $100m. from

foreign financial institutions have

been granted to the government

for the restructuring of the transport and agricultural sectors.

Most farmers contacted have

expressed appreciation for the

efforts being made by the government to assist them. Many are of

the view that this has been the

heaviest investment ever made in

the history of the cocoa industry.

Some observers are optimistic that

if the programme is rim with

administrative competence married to organisation and smooth

co-ordination, Ghana could once

again take the pinnacle as the

world's leading producer of cocoa.

CSO: 3400/1816
GHANA

BRIEFS

COCOA REHABILITATION PROBLEMS—The shortage of vehicles, fuel and spare parts

has disrupted the transportation of seedlings to Ghanaian cocoa farms damaged

by bush fires earlier this year and the rehabilitation programme has suffered

as a result, according to Mr. Sam Myarko, an official of the cocoa services

division of the Cocoa Marketing Board (CMB). The CMB has therefore decided

to transport seedlings only to those farms nearest the seed nurseries, Mr.

Nyarko said. However, some of the farmers involved in the rehabilitation exercise told UNICOM news that if the situation persists they would abandon

cocoa farming. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No. 3444 15 Aug 83

p 1903]

NIGERIAN OIL—Ghana is to receive 40,000 tonnes of crude oil from Nigeria

by August 15, Ghana's Fuel and Power Secretary, Mr. Appiah Korang, has said

in Accra. The import is on a 90-day credit basis. Ghana's own oil fields

have already supplied 40,000 tonnes of crude to the Tema refinery, but

cannot meet the country's demands, Mr. Appiah said. Ghana also wants to

import some crude from Angola and Algeria. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in

English No 3444 15 Aug 83 p 1901]

PORT SECURITY—A special integrated committee to be responsible for a unified

security network at the Takoradi Harbour has been inaugurated. The committee

under the chairmanship of Lt.-Col. A. Y. K. Disu, commanding officer of the

Second Battalion of Infantry, consists of representatives from the railways

and ports police, the border guards and ports authority security. The army,

navy and air force would provide military assistance until personnel from the

ports authority have been trained and equipped to take over. In his address,

Lt.-Col. Disu said that an integrated duty patrol roster would be drawn up,

and a joint security unit would conduct a 24-hour patrol at the port. He

also announced that a disposal sub-committee would be formed which would

take charge of all goods seized and people arrested, and decide on the necessary action. The committee would be in charge of package examination and the

release of cars from the car park, as well as issuing boarding passes to people

and agencies going abroad any ship for duties. He said six out of the 20 gates

would be operated at the ports to ensure efficiency of the new security system.

Lt.-Col. Disu announced that 30 men from the Takoradi Port Security would

start military training at the Second Battalion of Infantry in early August.

[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444 15 Aug 83 p 1913]

10
PRISON FOR TAX OFFENDERS—AH offences under Ghana's Income Tax laws now carry

a minimum of one month in prison without any option of a fine, according to

the Income Tax (Amendment) Law 1983—PNDC Law 61, just published. Under the

law, any person who, without reasonable cause or excuse fails to pay tax as

required under sections 45, 49, 50, 51 and 52 or fails to deduct tax, or after

deducting fails to pay as required under Section 55 shall be guilty of an

offence and liable on summary conviction. Where the amount of tax which the

offender fails to pay or deduct exceeds (825,000, he shall be jailed with hard

labour for a term of not less than three months or more than one year. In

any other case the offender would go to prison with hard labour for a term of

not less than one month or more than four months. Other offences which carry

a similar penalty include wilful failure to furnish on due date a return of

income as required by the Commissioner of Taxes, submission of incorrect returns, declaration or statement by omitting or understating any income,knowingly and wilfully aiding, abetting, assisting, inciting, counselling or inducing another person to make or deliver any false returns. Under the Law,

the Secretary for Finance and Economic Planning may, by legislative instrument,

specify a group of persons either by description or occupational groups, except

companies, which would pay a fixed quarterly tax in advance per specified

dates or time. Any tax paid under this system by any person shall be set off

against the income tax actually payable by him as determined by the Commissioner

of Taxes in a final assessment. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444

15 Aug 83 p 1913]

SPEEDIER TRIALS~The Judicial Secretary, Mr. S. A. Owusu has said that PNDC

Law 47 would help expedite the trial of cases pending before the courts. The

law, which amended the courts Act 372 of 1971, he explained, would eradicate

the accumulation of civil cases involving amounts ranging between 02,000 and

08,000 at the magistrate and circuit courts. Mr. Owusu said the amendment

became necessary when it was observed that the lower courts passed on to the

high courts cases which they could try. Law 47 now gives jurisdiction to the

circuit courts in cases involving personal action under contract or tort and

the recovery of any liquidated sum which does not exceed 0100,000. The law

also gives juristiction to district courts grades one and two to try cases

involving amounts of up to 050,000 in the case of grade one courts and

025,000 in the case of district courts garde two. Mr. Owusu added that the

overall effect of the amendment would ensure speedy handling of more cases

by the lower courts so that the high courts can concentrate on more important

cases. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444 15 Aug 83 p 1914]

CSO: 3400/1816

11
ARTICLE EXAMINES PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION, COUNTRY'S ECONOMY

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3443, 8 Aug 83 pp 1815-1817

[Text]

GUINEA

FOR MORE than 20 years, it has been

easy to poke fun at Guinea's human rights

record. Not that the matter isitself fun; but

the incredibly outrageous manner in which

the Sekou Toure regime had eliminated its

critics and opponents, had often made the

brutality as real as the incomprehensibility.

For a regime which has for the most part

survived on crumbs from the Soviet Union,

Cuba and until.five years ago, North

Korea, its survival has been a matter of

miracle rather than political ingenuity.

For years* too, the name Guinea has

been synonymous with Sekou Toure which

in turn is generally linked with everything

barbaric. But more recently the Guide

Supreme de la Revolution has himself

begun to bury this ominous image for that

of a more benign Head of State. His travels

last year to many of the Western capitals

pleading for aid and investment for his

impoverished country, underlines the sudden change from being West Africa's

bite noire or enfant terrible. All the same

the stains of those horrible years of mass

detention without trial or execution will

remain as long as Sekou Tour6 lives.

"The man had to survive, and the only

way he saw he could do this was to

eliminate anything that stood in his way,"

said a diplomat in Conakry.

But as Guinea's bloody days recede, and

Sekou Tour6 himself gets older, it appears

there is a growing concern, though strictly

muted, about who would stir the revolution after he would have gone. Comparatively, Toure is young at 61; but the

days of radicalism have had their toll.

He looks even much older than his age

suggests, with visible cracks on his once

baby face. At the recent ECOWAS meeting in Conakry the Guinean leader spent

several sleepless hours between Heads of

State, trying to show that his strength is

still unflagging. "The situation is such that

everything has to pass through him for

approval, and this has made life uncomfortable for him" (Toure), a diplomat said

in Conakry. A few times, he walked from

one villa to the other, leaving his American

car behind, or oh other occasions, he

would let his wife sit at the back of the car

while he drove it without bodyguards. The

purpose as it were, was to demonstrate

that, contrary to what the outside world

says, he was very secure in his country and

does not require any security razzmatazz

when he moves around.

Diplomats in Conakry said one of

Tourers long-term concerns now is trying to

look around for a possible successor.

Sources within the ruling le Parti Democratique Guinea (PDG) claimed that, unlike

leaders like President Houphouet-Boigny

of the Ivory Coast who holds on to power

at 78 officially, 85 by some estimates, or

Stevens of Sierra Leone, also variously at

78 or 85, Tourö may not want to remain in

power that long. "That obviously will

surprise a lot of people," said M. Cheik

Sillah, a senior government official in

Conakry, "but the President has fulfilled

most of his dreams for the country and no

sooner he finishes the last one, he will

leave."

Consequently, whether Tour6 leaves

now or not, the battle for a possible

12
successor, will be a long drawn one. This is

either because the constitution does not

name specifically a successor or because

there may be too many ambitious men for

the office.

First and foremost, Toure may want to

look within his family clan for someone to

step in his place. First of these is the

eloquent Foreign Minister, Dr. Abdoulaye

Toure, one of the President's halfbrothers. Dr. Toure, a physician and diplomat has had a long distinguished career;

before being appointed foreign minister in

June 1979, he was Guinea's permanent

representative to the UN in 1969-72 and

then Minister of Foreign Trade, later

Minister of Trade and Communications

between 1977-79.

Unlike Sekou Toure's other tribal clientele like his once Public Works Minister,

Abraham Kabassau, who* was allegedly

sacked last year for institutionalised corruption, Abdoulaye Toure is said to be an

honest man whose personal wealth may

have been acquired through long medical

practice in Senegal, Niger, Congo and the

Central Africa Republic. But his age may

be a disadvantage. At 60, he looks young

but at the end of the day, that may prove

an odd against him. There is in this

category of succession, the immensely

powerful Minister of Mines, Ismael Toure,

the President's other half-brother, a

bureaucratic conservative who believes in

trying to manage a crisis rather than

provoking one. At the moment he is one of

if not, the President's most favoured blueeyed boy. At 53, Ismael Toure is energetic

and ambitious.

During the past few years he has

been at the centre stage of Guinea's new

open-door policy. He is said to have

pressed the President on the new rapprochement policy with the major western

nations and often he is seen playing a

leading role among the President's delegations overseas. Other men to watch,

though relatively less powerful are the

influential Interior Minister, Sekou Cherif,

Minister of Youth, Seydou Keita and

Housing and Urban Development Minister, Moussa Diakite. These are all men

within Sekou Toure's family clan.

But from outside this circle may emerge

equally powerful men like Prime Minister

Lansana Louis Beavogui, the President's

most trustworthy ally. At 53, Beavogui

is enormously ambitious and is believed

to being groomed by the President

to succeed him. Sources in Conakry

said his ambition is such that he takes many

major decisions over the President's head

which in the past, had included the imprisonment of "enemies of the revolution".

Beavogui is a gentleman but politically

ruthless, something many Guineans say may

have been acquired over the years through

his association with the President. He

commands a lot of respect within the ruling

PDG. Next, is the young bespectacled

Minister of Co-operation, "Comrade"

Marcel Cros, an influential party faithful

and the former Guinean Ambassador to

France, Abouba Sampare, who once

escaped death in an attack by gunmen in

Paris.

Still outside this circle of Sekou Tourers

disciples, are members of the Foulah tribe

who are traditional opponents and critics

of the President's dictatorship. Some of

their leading figures like Diallo Telli, the

first OAU Secretary General, M.

Saifoulaye Diallo, once Toure's right-hand

man or Dr. Barry Oumar may have been

executed, but there is obviously no doubt

that in the event of Sekou Toure's succession, more less known figures may emerge

from the Mamou region, even if this

will mean adding to ensuing political

confusion.

Meanwhile, Sekou Toure's travelling

this time last year like a tireless salesman to

drum up investment and credit, has still not

produced fruits as bountifully as expected.

Various delegations including two from the

US and one from Canada, have in recent

months visited the country to examine the

potential for developing Guinean selfsufficiency and exports to overseas markets. The areas examined included coffee,

pineapples, sugar, cereals, fishing and cattle raising. The final reports on these

missions are expected out later this month.

Early last month, a new feasibility study

on the Mifergui iron ore project was

submitted to the World Bank, from which

Conakry is seeking finance. The present

indications are that the project will have to

be scaled back considerably if it is to have

any real chance of obtaining the backing of

the Bank and other sources of finance,

including the EEC. This is because the

Guinean government and its commercial

partners in the project have so far been

unsuccessful in obtaining sufficient real

commitments from potential customers for

the ore to cover more than a relatively

small portion of output. Moreover, it

seems likely that the iron ore market at the

end of the 1980s, when the project would

come on stream, wilL still be significantly

oversupplied, even if it is in better shape

than at present.

13
CSO: 3400/1817

As it stands, the Mifergui project provides for a production rate of 15 million

tons a year from the Mount Nimba mines

by 1992. Current thinking is that a scaleddown project might produce some five

million tons a year, with provision being

made for progressive expansions in capacity. The scaled-down project would result

in large savings in capital investment.

Meanwhile, the African Development

Bank (ADB) and its partners, have poured

into Guinea $65m. for nine new projects.

The ADB itself is undertaking five projects. Two water supply projects in the

capital, one telecommunication project,

one Kenaf production and processing project and one feasibility and detailed engineering study for the rehabilitation of the

Koba sugar complex, outside Conakrv.

The African Development Fund (ADF) is

similarly undertaking five projects including one for the reinforcement of secondary

technical education and teacher training, a

rice development project, and a preinvestment study for water and electricity

supply. Among the nine projects financed

by the Bank Group, only the Conakry

water distribution network has been fully

completed; the other projects are generally

progressing smoothly.

14
LIBERIA

GOVERNMENT DEMANDS LAMCO PAY $3 MILLION DEBT

Export Ban

AB111320 Paris AFP in English 1122 GMT 11 Aug 83

[Text] Monrovia, Aug 11 (AFP)—Liberia has banned Lamco, the biggest iron

ore mining company in the country, from shipping ore until it settles a

three million dollar debt with the government, Finance Minister G. Alvin

Jones announced here today. Mr Jones said the ban would remain in force

until the whole amount, representing penalty and interest fees, was paid.

The government warned last month that it would freeze Lamco ore exports as

from August 10 unless the bill was settled. Lamco Acting General Manager

Chris Tufferson refused to comment on the banning order.

Lamco, which has threatened to close down in a few years because of low

world market prices for iron ore and high production costs, employs a staff

of about 3,500. Last year it started laying off hundreds of workers,

including some of the small expatriate staff.

Iron ore accounts for 70 percent of the country's foreign exchange earnings.

Export Ban Lifted

AB200900 Paris AFP in English 0730 GMT 20 Aug 83

[Text] Monrovia, Aug 20 (AFP)—The Liberian Government Friday lifted a

week-long export ban on the country's biggest iron mining company, the

Swedish-U.S.-owned Lamco, when the firm paid up half of its three-million

dollar debt to the government. Two-thirds of the West African state's

foreign earnings are from iron.

Finance Minister G. Alvin Jones, who had earlier announced that the freeze

on ore shipments would last until all the debt was paid, said the ban had

been lifted "temporarily." Lamco had promised to pay the balance in

installments over the next three months, he said. The money comprises

royalties and interest.

The firm, which has said it will close down in a few years time because of

low world prices for iron and high production costs, employs some 3,500

people. Last year, it began laying off hundreds of workers.

CSO: 3400/1808

15
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

MINISTER REPORTS DEBT—Monrovia, Aug 9 (AFP)--Liberia now has total outstanding debts of 1.2 billion dollars, Finance Minister G. Alvin Jones

announced here. In a television broadcast last night on the nation's

economic situation, Mr Jones said that the military government which came

to power on April 12, 1980 inherited about 850 million dollars from past

governments. He said the government has rescheduled some of the debt payments with Western-nation creditors of the Paris Club to reduce pressure on

the present budget. But the minister said the relief was only partial

because the deferred amount must be paid, and will continue to accrue

interest. Mr Jones said that to improve the present ailing economy of

this West African state government must reduce expenditure and engage in a

massive agricultural campaign and massive tax collection. This was because

Liberia's traditional foreign exchange earners—iron ore and rubber—were

"almost valueless" on the world market today, which had put the government

in financial chaos. He said it was time to turn to agriculture to counter

the national economy's negative trend. Iron ore accounts for 70 percent and

rubber 13 percent of the country's foreign exchange earnings. [Text]

[AB091215 Paris AFP in English 1156 GMT 9 Aug 83]

CSO: 3400/1808

16
MALAWI

BRIEFS

CONGRESS PARTY CONVENTION SCHEDULED—His excellency the life president, Ngwazi

Dr Kamuzu Banda, has directed that this year's Malawi Congress Party convention

be held in the capital city, Lilongwe, from Sunday, 4 September 1983, to

Saturday, 10 September 1983. The theme of the convention will be building the

nation. Delegates to the convention will be all members of the National

Executive Committee of the Malawi Congress Party, all cabinet ministers, the

speakers' of the National Assembly, all members of the regional committees of

the Malawi Congress Party, district chairmen, secretaries, treasurers of the

Malawi Congress Party, League of Malawi Women and League of Malawi Youth, all

members of parliament, paramount chiefs and traditional authorities, all mayors

of city and municipal councils and chairmen of district and town councils.

[Text] [MB261950 Blantyre Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 26 Aug 83]

CSO: 3400/1839A

17
ARTICLE DISCUSSES COUNTRY'S FOOD STRATEGY

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3444, 15 Aug 83 pp 1884, 1885

[Text]

MALI

Most analysts now agree that increases in producer prices are an essential part

of any food strategy. Mali, with World Bank support, tried to do just this, but at

the same time grain trading markets remained "free", leaving the lion's share to

private operators, and leaving the State with little influence. Report by our

special correspondent recently in Bamako.

MALI'S food strategy was singled out at

a recent UN conference as one of the most

comprehensive of its kind. That strategy,

started in 1981, sought to increase producer prices and thus increase production.

But, as a recent visit confirmed, there has

been no increase in production; all that has

happened is an increase in consumer prices

and a greater share of the market being

taken by private traders.

That effective Food Strategies are called

for is undoubted; as the ninth Ministerial

Session of the UN's World Food Council

reported, Africa is now the world's principal food aid recipient, currently taking

some 50 per cent (4.3m. tonnes) of all

cereal food aid, against five to six per cent

in the sixties and seventies.

Like many other countries in Africa the

Malian government had chosen to keep

grain prices as low as possible to satisfy the

non-producing but always potentially

troublesome urban dwellers. All studies

showed there to be not enough profit

margin for the rural producers, who were

uninterested in increasing production. Just

15.4 per cent of arable land in Mali is

farmed, and producers have been increasingly content with subsistence farming. Only 20 per cent of the country's grain

ever reached a market.

When Mali turned to the World Bank at

the end of 1980, the Bank's solution was

simple; Mali must liberalise its national

grain trade; the bureaucratic and cumbersome monopoly of the parastatal grains

authority, OPAM, must be broken, officially recognising the co-existence of the

state and the private grain traders; and

producer prices must be increased, to

encourage farmers to grow more.

The World Bank was supported by most

other donors, because the national Five

Year Plan for 1981-1985 was aimed as

much at rural grass-roots groups as at the

more standard large regional development

programmes. "In fact the originality of the

1981-85 plan will be to base its development on decentralised local initiatives that

. . . will be decided on by the grass roots

and . . . will be undertaken by the

beneficiaries", said a donor conference

paper.

Donors hoped this would mean that

village groups and co-operatives could take

over part of their local cereal market,

preventing usurious prices from traders

and at the same time making money for the

community.

A look at the situation today shows that

OPAM's share of the market has plummetted from its peak of 30 per cent down to

18
around 5 per cent. Their role has changed

radically and, most people would agree,

for the better: they can still play ä valuable

role in stabilising prices by selling substantial stock of grain to public services (hospitals, schools, the military), and supply the

country's deficit areas, principally the Sixth

and Seventh Regions of Timbuctoo and

Gao.

This second role is crucial, because these

regions still need OPAM very badly. Apart

from the area immediately around the

Niger River, both Regions are mostly

desert, stretching up to Algeria. Gao is

1,120km. from Bamako, the capital, on

very bad roads and wjth river access only

possible at certain times of the year. The

Seventh Region produces 10,000 tonnes of

cereals annually, about-15 per cent of its

needs, and it is difficult to imagine any

significant increase in this figure. In 1978/

79, OPAM supplied just 4 per cent of

Gao's cereal needs. This year OPAM are

providing more than 20 per cent. This still

means, though, that the bulk of the cereal

needs of the Region are supplied by private

traders, whose sale prices are generally

much higher than the official selling price.

But if the population of the Seventh

Region would benefit from a larger and

more influential OPAM programme, the

traders' hold on the market makes it

difficult for the parastatal to expand. After

last year's disastrous rainfall (65 per cent

down on the previous year). OPAM are

attempting to supply emergency food aid

to the Gao Region in addition to their

normal programme. In Mav. lorries arrived

from Niamey (Niger), with 6.000 tonnes of

sorghum paid for by the German Government, but there were no storage facilities

available. Despite the two months' notice

that had been given, the main State warehouse had been hired out to a private

trader. Some of the loaded lorries are still

sitting in Gao today, and a few more heavy

rains will put their loads at great risk.

The State had anticipated that as

OPAM's share of the market decreased,

part of it would be taken over by village

co-operative groups. Since OPAM no longer held the official monopoly, the

theory went, the co-operatives would be

allowed to buy their grain at harvest time

at the official purchase price. Then, they

would be able to store it for eight months

and resell it to their members when they

needed it most, again at the official price

which would be much lower than that of

the open market.

This theory is now starting to become a

reality but on a minute scale. Last year

co-operatives bought up just 2,000 tonnes

of grain, less than one per cent of the

market. OPAM money was being lent to

them to supplement their own funds. But

the co-operatives say the money arrived

too late; traders had already bought up

most of the market. The traders' price was

much lower than the new official price but,

to the farmer who needed money today,

there was no alternative.

This year, the plan is for the cooperatives to take five per cent of the

cereals market, but most people fear that

the money will again arrive too late, unless

the government forces everybody to accept

this programme as a priority.

But the most worrying fact of all for the

country is that production shows no sign of

increasing. The primary reason for this is

not hard to find. Donors and Government

alike had agreed that farmers needed an

incentive to produce more; the increase in

official purchase price was to be the solution. But OPAM's share of the market has

dropped and with it their influence on

market prices. Co-operatives do not have

money to buy the harvest at the critical

time. More than 90 per cent of the cereals

market is now controlled by private traders, who for the most part pay as little as

they can get away with.

The majority of Malian farmers have not

been paid any more for their produce since

the new strategy was introduced, and for

them the rise in official purchase price has

been irrelevant.

Thirty African countries are now engaged in Food Strategy reviews, 11 are

ready to begin their implementation, three

countries in West Africa, Upper Volta,

Mauritania and Niger, are considering

programmes similar to that in Mali.

Almost all countries are agreed on the

need for improved incentives to producers,

but Mali's experience so far would suggest

that her neighbours would do well to

consider how much'say they will have over

producer prices if they relinquish all control of the cereals market.

CSO: 3400/1819

19
MAURITIUS

PRIME MINISTER DISCUSSES ELECTION, ECONOMY

MB301251 Port Louis Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT 30 Aug 83

[Text] The prime minister, Mr Aneerood Jugnauth, held a press conference

yesterday. He first congratulated the population for the calm, discipline

and respect for law shown. He said now will be the time for reconciliation

and real work had only started now.

Commenting upon the change brought on the designation to a deputy prime minister, Mr Jugnauth said Mr Bhayat deserved the post for his integrity, his hu-.v

maness, and his solidarity and his anticommunalist attitude. [Sentence as

heard] It has recommended his name to the governor general for the post of

prime minister, but Mr Bhayat for practical and personal reasons voluntarily

offered the post to Sir Gaetan Duval, added Mr Jugnauth. [Sentence as heard]

However, what is important, he said, is satisfaction of a team in government

and I entirely trust the new cabinet to change the face of the country.

Mr Jugnauth recalled that the new parliament will resume its work on 6 September.

The budget will be presented by the beginning of October. The budget is almost

ready and Mr Jugnauth says he expects no problem from the IMF concerning the

vetting of the budget by this body.

The minister of finance and the minister of planning and economic development

will soon go to Washington for negotiations with the IMF.

The minister of finance will also attend a meeting of the ministers of finance

abroad, announced the prime minister.

Mr Jugnauth said: We have no choice but to follow a policy of austerity in

the difficult economic situation facing us, but this policy will take into

account the need to protect the downtrodden. The prime minister made an

appeal to all Mauritians to help redress the economy and the social situation.

Political stability was also required to promote investments in Mauritius.

Mr Jugnauth said the industrial sector, the free zones, banks and insurance companies had nothing to fear from government and that Mauritius would continue

to be an open economy.

The prime minister also expressed the wish that good industrial relations will

prevail in the country and called on workers not to allow themselves to be

manipulated by trade unionists.

20
The prime minister finally spoke on [word indistinct] issue. He said he

would do his best so that the maximum number of workers sacked get the jobs,

Mr Jugnauth also confirmed the organization of meetings of the joint commissions between Mauritius and India, and Mauritius and Libya soon.

CSO: 3400/1838

21
NAMIBIA

OUTLOOK FOR NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE: SOME DOMESTIC CONSTRAINTS

Braamfontein INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BULLETIN in English Vol 7, No 1, 1983

[Article by John Barratt]

[Text]

Introduction '

The issue of Namibia continues to be confused and the outlook clouded.

Internally, the structures of government at the centre have changed with

the dissolution of the National Assembly and Council of Ministers, and

there is now more direct rule from Pretoria through a new Administrator

General. Internationally, there was a burst of diplomatic activity towards

the end of 1982, and hopes were aroused in early 1983 for a limited breakthrough in direct talks between South African and Angolan officials. More

recently, in spite of recurrent South African military operations into

Southern Angola, SWAPO has been able to carry out one of its seasonal

incursions into the Territory, up to and across the "red line" between

Owambo/Kavango and the white farming areas, in greater numbers this

year than previously.

However, without any real indication of a break in the deadlocked settlement negotiations, the developments in recent months seem to amount

once more to a case of "the more things change, the more they stay the

same". In fact, the diplomatic activity which for the past nine months or

more has simply been revolving around one point — the Cuban presence

in Angola — may be serving only to hide the gradual deterioration in the

situation, at least as regards internal political and economic conditions, as

well as the escalating military conflict.

The negotiations with the Western Five have now gone on for so long

— six years — without final agreement having been reached, that it is not

surprising that pessimism about the outlook is spreading. This applies to

the outlook not only for independence, but also for both the internal situation and peace generally in the region of Southern Africa. This mood of

pessimism may in turn have a further negative effect on the Namibian negotiations. While negotiations are still proceeding with the Western Five

and between South Africa and Angola, indicating a desire from all sides at

least to keep doors open, there is still reason for hope that a peaceful resolution ofthe Namibian conflict can eventually be found. But public pessimism is unavoidable while there are no concrete positive developments.

22
There are several inter-related factors, or groups of factors, which can

be identified (not necessarily in any particular order ofimportance) as currently influencing the outlook for South West Africa/Namibia:

First, is the internal political and economic situation in the country itself.

Second, and of great importance, are the decisions of the South African

Government, which are influenced by both domestic and international

considerations.

Third, the decisions of the Angolan Government are now vital, particularly on the Cuban presence, if agreement is to be reached. The Angolan

decisions are likewise influenced by various domestic and international

considerations, including the civil war with UNITA and outside involvementin it.

Fourth, SWAPO is a central and crucial factor, both as an internal radical

political party, enjoying considerable support, and as an externally

based and supported revolutionary movement engaged in an armed

conflict with South African and South West African forces from its

bases in Angola.

Fifth, other developments within the region of Southern Africa influence the decisions ofthe Frontline States as a group.

Sixth, the role of the Western Five, or Contact Group, led by the

United States, is crucially important.

The seventh factor is the involvement of other outside powers, namely

those of the Eastern bloc, which is of major concern to the United

States and South Africa.

Eighth, the United Nations must be mentioned. Its involvement has

been and will be unavoidable, both because it is an original party to the

dispute over South West Africa's international future and because it has

a role, with South Africa, in the final settlement process — a role accepted in principle by all parties.

Simply mentioning all these inter-related factors serves to illustrate how

complicated and confused the.efforts to resolve this issue have become,

with a host of different parties involved, each with separate interests to

promote. It could be said that essentially the South African Government

retains the key to unlock the door to implementation of the present settlement plan. This may be true, but then implementation ofthe plan, difficult as that will be, is only one stage in the outlook fpr Namibia. What

happens after independence is achieved is of vital importance, too, especially to the inhabitants of the country, but also to others in the region. The

post-independence outlook is even more uncertain than that leading to independence, and South Africa's role then will be very different, whether

reduced or not in relation to the role ofothers.

While it is not intended to discuss all these factors here, it is worth

recognising that they constitute the web within which the negotiators

struggle in their attempts to release Namibia to independence. Anyone

who believes that only one strand — i.e. the Cuban presence in Angola,

on which the spotlight is currently focussed — remains to be cut, needs to

appreciate that there are others which also have to be dealt with, before real

independence in a stable region can be achieved.

On the basis of this brief but necessary introduction, indicating the

complexity of the Namibian issue, it may be useful to look at two related

aspects of vital importance in any attempt to assess the outlook for South

23
West Africa/Namibia. The one is the rather neglected (at least in international circles) question of attitudes and trends within the Territory itself.

The second is the important influence of South African domestic opinion,

particularly that ofthe White minority population, on the course ofevents.

Some Internal Considerations

To begin to understand the current rather chaotic internal Namibia

political situation, including South Africa's role in it, one has to appreciate

that there are two prevailing but opposed streams of political thought, reflected symbolically in the two names ofthe country: "South West Africa"

and "Namibia."

Those who continue to use the name of South West Africa for the Territory generally support a maintenance of the old order, somewhat adapted,

based firmly on divisions between the ethnic groups, or, as now more

fashionably expressed, on the recognition of minority group rights and of

the right of self-determination of each population group. This is not the

old pure apartheid, as expressed in the Odendaal Report of the 1960s, because there is now the unavoidable acceptance of South West Africa as

broadly one country and the impracticality of eleven separate and independent ethnic states. But it remains an approach clearly derived from the

apartheid philosophy, and could thus be described as neo-apartheid.

This South West African approach is most clearly expressed in the policy of the National Party of South West Africa, which controls the white

second-tier Legislative Assembly and which also dominates AKTUR, the

alliance of smaller ethnic parties with the National Party. AKTUR maintains that South West Africa consists not of one people, but of

peoples — "eleven different heterogeneous population groups". As stated

to the Western Contact Group:

"AKTUR is convinced that any constitutional structure, or elections

held to establish such constitutional structure, which ignores the peculiar Composition of the South West African peoples, will not gain the

approval ofseveral ofthese important groups and is foredoomed to failure.

AKTUR accordingly rejects emphatically the holding of a one-man,

one-vote election (the majority-vote principle) for the purpose of constituting a Constituent Assembly, while ignoring the existence of distinct

population groups, and also a unitary state in the Westminister pattern,

both of which appear to be the meaning of the wording of Resolution

435."

AKTUR further maintains, as does the National Party of South West

Africa, that long-term stability can only be provided by a constitution "in

the making of which the eleven different ethnic groups all have an equal

share", in other words, not an assembly elected by an overall majority or a

constitution adopted by a majority, even a two-thirds majority. The subsequent political system for an independent state would, therefore, be based

on eleven separate states, each in control of its own affairs, with a loose

confederal link between them. (Presumably this system would not exclude

closer links between individual states, or peoples, ifthey so desired.)

This is basically the same as the old Turnhalle concept of 1977, supported by the South African Government until it accepted in 1978 the

Western Five's proposals for the independence process. It is clearly not a

24
concept acceptable internationally, and the South African Government

appears to have recognised that reality. However, it must be noted that it is

substantially the same as the concept on which an envisaged future confederal system for South Africa itselfis based.

In contrast, those who speak of Namibia see the future independent

country as a unitary state, with a strong central government, based on a

sy,tem of universal suffrage (or more popularly thought of as "oneperson, one-vote"). Many would agree to some decentralisation of power

to regions or provinces — determined by economic considerations and administrative effectiveness — because of the size of the country. Ethnic divisions are decidely down-played in this approach, although the different

regions (say five or six in number) would no doubt to some extent coincide with or incorporate concentrations ofparticular population groups.

The Namibians stress the ideal of national unity, rather than the preservation of ethnic group identities, as well as the need to protect individual

rights, rather than minority group rights. For them, self-determination is a

right for the people of Namibia as a whole, whereas South West Africans

maintain that each group of the population has that right (as does the

National Party in South Africa), fearing domination by one group which

could wield majority voting power.

At present, with its interim political system, the country is neither

South West Africa nor Namibia. It lies uncertainly in between the two

concepts — an uncertainty reflected in the name South West Africa/Namibia.

Moreover, there is no clarity about the direction in which the country

is moving. The South African Government, as administering power, has

tried to straddle this difference in approach, and has tried to give some

weight to both in the present system which was laid down in decree AG8

of the Administrator General. While there was, until recently, a central

National Assembly with legislative powers and a Council of Ministers

with executive authority, there are also eleven other second-tier governments for the different population groups, each having important functions

(e.g. control of education) which the central government, based on the

National Assembly, could not touch.

Since the dissolution ofthe National Assembly and Council of Ministers

by the Administrator General in January 1983, the latter, as representative

of the South African Government, now exercises the powers, executive

and legislative, previously granted to the Assembly and Ministers' Council.

What resulted from the provisions of AG8 was an internal system of

government which simply could not and did not work. The central government and the second-tier governments did not co-operate effectively,

and in some cases were even in competition. This, was most dramatically

demonstrated in the contest between the government of the white group,

based prominently in Windhoek and controlled by the National Party of

South West Africa, and the central government controlled by the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA).

This was, and still is, also a system which is subject to abuse and which

has allowed corrupt practices to grow. It is moreover a very expensive system for a population ofjust over a million with eleven ethnic governments

and one at the centre.

An additional problem has been that the DTA, as the result of its 1978

election victory, is based on a compromise between South West Africans

25
and Namibians, as defined above, and that compromise has broken down.

In its statements (particularly since September 1982, when its differences

with the South African Government emerged clearly) the DTA and its

leader, Mr Dirk Mudge, have been leaning more strongly towards the

Namibian viewpoint — that of national unity. But the DTA remains an alliance between different parties representing the ethnic groups (even

though several of these parties are no longer representative of majorities in

their respective groups). There were also break-aways from the DTA, the

most significant being that of Mr Peter Kalangula, head of the Owambo.

ethnic government, whose party (CDA) is now trying to project itself as a

national, rather than ethnic, party — without apparent success as yet.

Confusion becomes compounded the more one examines the internal

political system. There are also several well-known parties which are not

represented in the National Assembly, because they refused to participate

in the 1978 elections which were not internationally recognised. These parties, which are nationalist and Namibian in approach, such as SWANU

(founded before SWAPO), SWAPO-Democrats (established by former

SWAPO leaders who rejected the leadership of Sam Nujoma) and the National Independence Party (which operates mainly in the south), have not

had the extent of their support formally tested. It is impossible to assess

with any accuracy how they would fare in an eventual internationally

monitored election in which SWAPO, the DTA and AKTUR also participated. It is likely that some of them would form electoral alliances which

would strengthen their positions and reduce the confusing array of parties,

thus simplifying the choices for the voters.

It should, however, be mentioned at this point that the widely held belief that there are up to forty different parties in the Territory is clearly a

myth. The number of parties or movements of any significance politically,

and especially in the event of a national election, is probably well under

half that number. If the others exist at all, it is in name only with perhaps a

self-elected leader and/or secretary.

If an election were to be held in terms of the present settlement plan,

based on Resolution 435, the die would clearly be cast in favour of the

Namibian, unitary state, approach, because there will be a "one-person,

one-vote" election on a national basis, not on the basis of separate population groups. It is highly unlikely that there would be any turning back

from the unitary state concept after that, whichever party or group of parties came into power. For that reason, the 435 plan is vehemently opposed

by those who promote the South West African approach.

A variation of the SWA or neo-apartheid appraoch was recently floated

in several South African newspaper reports. The origin of these reports

was unclear, but they suggested that consideration was being given in official circles to the idea (not a new one) of a separate Owambo state which

would include Owamboland excised from South West Africa and part of

southern Angola, so that all the Owambo tribes would be brought to-*

gether. Speculation that Jonas Savimbi and UNITA would be given the

dominant role in this new state, was also contained in the reports. There

have been no indications at all in official statements that this idea has been

canvassed with the Americans and other members ofthe Contact Group of

Five, or that it has featured in the direct discussions with the Angolans.

But it is certainly a plan which would appeal to the National Party of

South West Africa and others who are convinced that the ethnic group ap26
proach is the only viable one. Moreover, it would have the advantage for

them and the South African Government ofremoving the bulk ofSWAPO

support from Namibia, thus creating the possibility of a smaller independent Namibia, without a SWAPO Government. A balance between all the

other smaller ethnic groups could then be more easily achieved, and the

role of the white group would be proportionately greater, as it would

comprise about 15 per cent of the population (whereas it is only about 7

per cent now, with the Owambo included in the total population). However, it is highly unlikely that this idea would be acceptable to Angola or

SWAPO, or even to the Owambo people in Namibia themselves.

Whether or not this greater Owambo idea was simply an exercise in

kite-flying, without any serious chance of being accepted as part of an

overall solution, it is clear that the South West African ethnic approach to

the future political dispensation of the Territory is alive and well among

Whites and some elements in other groups in the Territory. It is also held

by many in South Africa, including no doubt some in the governing

National Party, as well as all those in the parties to the Right (HNP and

CP). This provides the National Party of South West Africa with influential friends among the Whites of South Africa. It is, therefore, not an approach which can be dismissed as no longer having a significant influence

on the political outlook for South West Africa/Namibia. It can, after all,

claim to be an approach based on the reality of ethnic differences, reflected

not only in the political attitudes of Whites in southern Africa, but also in

the fairly exclusive ethnic support for black parties in the Territory, whose

leaders proclaim the Namibian idea of national unity, but who do not draw

significant national support across all ethnic lines. This includes even

SWAPO, with its Owambo origins and current dominant Owambo support.

Ethnic group differences, therefore — whatever the reason for their

continued existence, e.g. past South African Government policy —

continue to be a divisive influence in the Territory, threatening present and

future dispute and conflict. Then, when the current conflict in Zimbabwe

between a Government supported by the Shona majority and the Matabele

minority is added to the'picture, it is not surprising that the strength ofthe

ethnic group approach is reinforced, both in Namibia and among South

African Whites.

The escalating internal conflict in Zimbabwe makes all Whites in the

Southern African region less and less willing to settle for a unitary state and

majority rule system, and it makes them more inclined to ignore the other

realities, which are that neither the international community, including the

rest of Africa, nor the majority of Blacks in Namibia and South Africa

would accept a political system based on ethnic divisions and the partition

oftheir countries. The dilemma lies in how to find a realistic way of changing the deepening perception of Whites and other minorities that they are

threatened by much larger groups, while at the same time satisfying the

growing political aspirations and demands of those majority groups. Unfortunately, recent developments in Zimbabwe and the dramatic, sometimes one-sided, way in which they are presented in the South African and

South West African media, is serving to increase the level ofthreat perception and make the resolution ofthis dilemma even more difficult.

27
South African Domestic Reaction

This "Zimbabwe factor" has thus helped to aggravate the problem of

finding a Namibian settlement generally acceptable to the South African

Government, which would allow for the withdrawal of the South African

Administration and military forces from the Territory. Given the high

priority ofsecurity considerations now, the question of a Namibian settlement has become a difficult and sensitive one in South African domestic

politics — so sensitive that there is hardly any reasonable public debate

about it. Even in Parliament there is no serious discussion of various

options which might still be open to South Africa, such as direct negotiation with SWAPO, because ofthe fear of white public reaction to anything

which might be interpreted as a sign ofweakness. The Government itselfis

caught now in a situation where, even if it needs and wants to achieve an

internationally acceptable agreement, it would have to face a strong reaction from its own electorate, if the results of that agreement produced

what was perceived as an unacceptable result, namely a SWAPO Government in Windhoek. By "its electorate" is meant here the overwhelming

majority of white South Africans of all political parties, not simply those

supporting the parties ofthe Right.

In addition, there is the largely unrecognised, but vitally important,

factor of black opinion, and the strong likelihood that the reaction of black

South Africans would be the opposite of that of Whites. In other words,

many of them might interpret the advent of an independent Namibia

under a SWAPO Government as a prelude to imminent radical change

within South Africa itself. Such an anticipation by Blacks that the

"domino" theory applies in Southern Africa, the South African Government is determined to avoid, as it would run completely counter to its constitutional plans for the future.

One cannot minimise the potential domestic political problems that all

this creates for a government seeking to implement gradual reform internally, but dependent on a conservative white minority electorate. Looking

only at the one side ofthis picture, namely the views ofthat white electorate, it is clear that, even ifthe government wanted to, it, would now find it

very difficult to convince Whites that an independent Namibia, under a

SWAPO Government (if that should happen), was anything other than a

serious threat to South Africa's own interests. From the results of a survey

commissioned by the SA Institute of International Affairs in early 1982, it

becomes clear that Whites overwhelmingly have a very strong perception

of an external communist threat, of which SWAPO is part. Almost 80 per

cent ofWhites questioned in a representative sample believed that the Government was not exaggerating the extent of this threat. This perception

varied according to party affiliations, but the survey indicated that a clear

majority of all parties agreed with government spokesmen about the external threat. For instance, although 94 per cent of Nationalists agreed (which

is not surprising), 56 per cent of PFP supporters also agreed. Along simple

language lines, 72 per cent of English-speakers shared the perception of an

external threat, compared to nearly 87 per cent ofAfrikaans-speakers.

With regard to SWAPO specifically, 72 per cent of those questioned

felt that South Africa could win a military struggle against SWAPO in the

long run. Here again, although English-speakers tended to be somewhat

less hawkish, 60 per cent of them also agreed with this statement. On a

question as to whether South Africa should negotiate directly with

28
SWAPO to reach a settlement, the overall hawkish response was maintained, although interestingly the majority dropped in this case to 60 per

cent, as against roughly 38 per cent who tended to favour direct negotiations.

The results of the survey have shown that the Government's warnings

about an escalation in terrorist activities have not fallen on deaf ears. In

fact, there are indications in the results that the white population may now

be taking a more pessimistic view on this issue than the Government itself.

When presented with the statement that a terrorist war similar to that in

South West Africa would in time also develop in South Africa, no less than

three out of four indicated agreement. Of the approximately 23 per cent

who disagreed, only 3,3 per cent disagreed definitely. On this question, by

the way, there was no significant difference between Afrikaans and

English-speakers.

The results of this survey do not, of course, answer the question as to

whether the statements of political and military leaders about the dangers

of a "total onslaught" have served to create this very high degree of threat

perception among South African Whites, or whether the Government for

its part has simply been responding and giving expression to the views of

most of its voters. There are grounds for believing, however, that events

around the Republic's borders in Southern Africa during the past decade

(including particularly the direct involvement of the Soviet Union and

Cuba since 1975), as well as the attitude of the international community

generally towards South Africa, have served to develop the strong perception of an external threat, but also that government spokesmen have nurtured and encouraged this perception in an effort to mobilise White opinion behind the concept of a "total national strategy". They have been

assisted in varying degrees by most of the South African media, wittingly

or unwittingly, and thus a climate of opinion has been created, in which

even the Official Opposition in Parliament cannot now objectively debate

the issue, without the real threat oflosing votes.

This is not to suggest that there is no threat to South Africa from external forces, or that the Government is wrong in taking all necessary steps to

counter any real external threat. But long-term security demands that clarity be sought about the real nature of the threat to the country as a whole

— and not just to the Government itself— and about where its roots lie,

whether only externally or also domestically within South Africa's own

political system. A threat misjudged or misinterpreted cannot be effectively resisted. "Know your enemy" is an old, but always valid, adage.

In this climate of opinion among Whites it is thus very difficult to envisage a Namibian agreement which allows for the possibility of a SWAPO

victory. Without a massive effort on the part of the Government and the

media to change the climate of opinion, a settlement which includes the

withdrawal of South African forces and a UN-monitored election, would

be seen by the electorate as a capitulation. Even if the Government feels

realistically and objectively that an internationally acceptable resolution of

the Namibian conflict — including the risk of a SWAPO electoral victory

— is in the best long-term interests of South Africa, its room for diplomatic manoeuvre and its range of options are now severely limited by the

white public opinion it has helped to create. It would require a bold act of

political courage on the part of the Prime Minister, if he were to take the

domestic risks involved, especially at a time when his efforts to launch

only a limited process of constitutional reform, within South Africa are

proving to be more ofa struggle than anticipated.

29
Conclusion

Realistically, therefore, looked at from within the South African

domestic political scene, and bearing in mind the political and economic

deterioration within Namibia itself, the current prospects for a peaceful

process to Namibian independence are not bright. These domestic considerations cannot be ignored; a Namibian settlement does not depend simply

on arriving at a satisfactory international agreement. But then, when one

adds to this picture the growing instability and insecurity throughout the

region of Southern Africa, the likelihood of Namibian independence, in

terms ofSecurity Council resolution 435, becomes even more remote.

Whatever the truth about the degree of South African military responsiblity for the conflict and insecurity now prevalent in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola and even Lesotho, it is increasingly clear that South African policy now is not only to take pre-emptive action across its borders

against the ANC, but also actively to turn back the tide of "foreign" (or

"marxist") influence seen to be penetrating the region. These are influences

perceived as a threat to South Africa which, in the Government's view,

should be recognised as the dominant power ofthe region. Ifthis is at least

part of an evolving regional policy, then it is more offensive in nature than

the rather defensive policy of the past. It is also then no longer a policy

which could countenance an independence process in Namibia leading to

the introduction ofa perceived marxist governmentin Windhoek.

To attempt to be realistic about the implications for Namibia of apparent South African policy trends is not to suggest that the probable consequences of the settlement efforts can be ignored. While there would be

costs, domestic and regional, for the South African Government, if it

agreed to an international settlement and independence, there will also be

severe costs to be borne ifit does not. These will be felt internationally, especially in relations with the West, as well as regionally in growing conflict

with neighbour states, and possibly in the longer term domestically, too.

Sooner or later these respective costs will have to be balanced frankly and a

choice made, a choice which will hopefully be in the interests, firstly, of

the Namibian people, but also of peace and order in the region as a whole,

including South Africa.

CSO: 3400/1823

30
NAMIBIA

CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON VISIT TO WAR ZONE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22, 23 Aug 83

[Two-part article by Patrick Bulger: No End in Sight to the Festering End"]

[22 Aug 83 p 5]

[Text]

Seventeen years ago this week guerillas of the South West Africa People's Organisation began an armed

campaign to dislodge the South African rulers from the former German colony of Namibia. Swapo's first

attack on August 26,1966 marked the start of a war that has dragged on without victory in sight for either

Later this month Namibia will be the subject of intense international attention as United Nations Secre

tary General Xavier Perez de Cuellar reports back to the Security Council on his progress in speeding up a

ceasefire. Observers are pessimistic about the prospects of Namibian independence, however.

Patrick Bulger ofThe SOWETAN Foreign Service recently visited the war zone and held interviews with

a wide range ofpolitical leaders in the territory.

On August 26, 1966 a

hushed House of Assembly heard the Minister of Justice John

Vorster describe how

South African police

had foiled a "little invasion of armed African

infiltrators in South

West Africa."

"These agents of

China and Russia," he

warned, "faced certain

death." Exactly 17 years

later South African

troops are still locked in

bitter conflict with guerillas of the South West

Africa People's Organisation (Swapo). Neither

side is close to victory.

Hundreds of young

South Africans have lost

their lives — thousands

of young Namibians

have died. At least half

the population of the

troubled territory has

had to suffer the trauma

of nearly two decades of

war yet independence

for the former German

colony remains as distant as ever.

August 26, 1966 —

known to thousands of

Namibians as "Namibia

Day" — is one of many

decisive dates in the

quest for independence.

It was then that Swapo

— formed six years earlier as a moderate nationalist organisation

drawing support from

Owambo contract workers — opted for armed

struggle. After its repeated attempts to gain

Western backing for a

peaceful independence

solution had proved

fruitless, Swapo turned

to the weaponry of the

Eastern bloc in an attempt to dislodge the

South African rulers

who were busily carving

the territory into Verwoerd-style bantustans.

Swapo's declared intention of ending South

Africa's long and controversial history of association with the territory at first appeared as

unrealistic as it did ambitious — a handful of

inexperienced guerillas

tackling the, emerging

military might of white

Africa.

South Africa had

ruled since the end of

World War I under a

League of Nations mandate to "promote to the

utmost the material and

moral welfare and the

social progress" of the

Namibians.

At the close of World

War II it refused to relinquish control applying instead to the United

Nations for permission

to annex the territory.

The application refused,

the incoming National

Party government began

extending its policy of

apartheid — pass laws

and the migrant labour

system — to the territory.

A favourable World

Court opinion endorsed

South African control

until the UN General

Assembly decided in

October 1966 by 114

votes to two (South Africa and Portugal

against) to revoke the

mandate.

31
South Africa's occupation was ruled illegal

— a decision endorsed

by the International

Court ofJustice in 1971.

The International

spotlight had focused on

the Namibian question

several years earlier

when 37 Namibians

were charged under the

Terrorism Act. Nineteen were sentenced to

life imprisonment in the

Pretoria Supreme Court

in February 1968.

Of the 10 sentenced to

20 year prison terms,

one man in particular

stood out among the

rest. He was Herman

Toivo ja Toivo, a seasoned nationalist who

had served the Allies in

World War II and has

become the spiritual father of Namibian nationalism. In a stirring

address to the court,

Toivo set the scene for

the ensuing conflict.

"We believe that

South Africa has a choi^

ce," he said, "either to

live at peace with us or

to subdue us by force. If

you choose to crush us

and impose your will on

jus then you not only betray your trust, but you

will live in security for

only so long as your

power is greater than

ours."

With a rapidly increasing South African

[23 Aug 83 p 4]

The 17-Year War Goes

[Text]

BEYOND the Northern

Namibian town of Oshakati where dusty landmined roads push northwards to Angola, life

amidst some of the most

sophisticated military

technology in Africa is

simple, even primitive.

police presence and a

growing and more experienced band of Swapo

guerillas entering the

fray, the battle lines in

Namibia had been

clearly drawn.

Today the conflict is

officially billed as a low

intensity bush war but

that is not the impression one gains from

Owamboland, the

northern homeland of

the Owambo people

who comprise about 50

percent of the 1 100 000

population and form the

mainstay of Swapo's political and military force.

Owamboland today is

the "home of the jet

fighter, the armoured

car, the Rl and AK47

rifle, the anti-aircraft

cannon and the camouflage uniform. The sandbag has replaced the

giant anthill as the distinguishing feature of

the semi-desert war

zone and the landmine

waits in silence beneath

the sun-baked earth.

It is also the stamping

ground of an estimated

800 guerillas of the People's Liberation Army

of Namibia (Plan) —

Swapo's military wing —

and temporary home to

an undiaclosed but substantial number of South

African troops.

What is South Africa's position in a war

that is costing the govOn

their kraals at night the

peasants have to give

them food or they will

be shot. But when the

South Africans arrive

the next day they accuse

them of helping

SWAPO and they are

punished anyway.

er n me n't at least

Rl 500 000 a day?

Oshakati, a dull fortified village lying about

60 km south of the Angolan "border," provides

a grimly accurate reflection of her position.

High fences circle the

entire town where rows

of dreary prefabricated

houses line dusty

streets. Bomb shelters

are a bizarre, yet realistic, feature of each garden. Anti-aircraft guns

on towering stands point

menacingly into the African sky and the nearby

Ondangwa air base jet

fighters and radar provide additional protection. It is a "white" village with gates manned

by military policemen

and a dusk to dawn curfew,

At its only hotel members of the police counter-insurgency unit Koevoet — an Afrikaans

word meaning crowbar

or lever — exchange stories of "kills" while guaffing generous quantities

of Windhoek Beer.

(There were five "kills"

the day I was there).

A notice at the local

supermarket advertises

a social event with "lekker wyn pryse" but apart

from the promise of

cheap liquor the people

of Oshakati — professional soldiers and civil

servants — have little to

look forward to.

It is a desperate oasis

in a sea of hostility but a

reminder of South Africa's awesome military

prowess at the same

time.

Beyond Oshakati's

tenuous security South

African soldiers are

treated with cold civility. Outside the fences

the town's other face is

pimpled with the delapidated tin shanties of the

slums built by hundreds

of rural people trying to

escape the war.

Hygiene is basic while

sanitation is almost nonexistent. Teenage members of Koevoet—many

of them captured or

turned Swapo guerillas

led by former Selous

Scout commanders —

slouch around the market places where bloody

portions of cattle are offered on pieces of rusty

corrugated iron.

The war is increasingly being fought in

market places like these,

in and around the

kraals, huts, sorghum

fields and cuca shops —

little trading stores with

confused names like

"Present Generation

Happy Store."

Occasionally the hubbub of everyday life

gives way to the sound

of rifle fire.

A missionary who has

seen many years of the

war but refused to be

named for fear of victimisation explained the

sometimes deadly predicament the peasants

find themselves in.

"If SWAPO arrives at

"Many of these people have brothers and

fathers in SWAPO.

They don't believe they

need protection against

their own families," the

missionary said.

SWAPO founder Andreas Shipanga has de32
scribed the Owambo

people as "a thoroughly

intimidated population".

Some observers have

Called SWAPO the most

ineffective guerilla

movement in the Third

World. While this is

partly true it does not

recognise two salient

points.

Firstly South Africa

arguably has the strongest defence force on the

continent. Secondly, although SWAPO may be a battered military

force, it refuses to disappear and its prolonged

struggle has focused international attention on

the Namibian question — attention which might

otherwise not have been

as intense.

For seven years

SWAPO has taken advantage of the early year

rain season to launch an

assault aimed primarily

at gaining recruits and to

infiltrating the traditionally white farming areas

south of Owamboland.

On each occasion South

Africa's Security Force

has trampled them into

the mud and beaten

them back. Each time,

however, SWAPO has

rallied its forces— estimated at about 6 000 —

in preparation for

another assault.

The pattern was repeated this year when,

according to defence

sources,1 600 PLAN

guerillas tried to infiltrate from their bases in

southern Angola. In the

first two months of the

operation, 309 guerillas

were killed— only 27

Security Force members

lost their lives. Twelve

insurgents reached the

white farming areas and

all were killed.

Frequent South African raids on their bases

have debilitated the

movement yet few observers — the South African government included— doubt it will

win the first post independence election.

Its exact support is

more difficult to guage,

however. It has never

fought an election and

although it is not

banned, security legislation effectively prohibits it from campaigning.

Most observers feel

that its uncompromisingly anti-South African occupation stance

will give it the edge over

the internal parties.

Others feel that its predominantly Owambo

base— the Owambos

are more numerous than

all the other population

groups in Namibia together — will bolster its

chances.

Apart from its military setbacks it has suffered other disadvantages. The President

Sam Nujoma, formerly a sweeper at Windhoek

station, is an enigmatic

yet controversial figure

not always popular in

southern African political circles. Leadership

struggles— which are

widely believed to have

resulted in the death of

military commander

Peter Nanyemba earlier

this year— anda long

history of exile have left

its policies vague and

confused.

Informed observers

say the policy guidelines

laid down by the influential Secretary General Moses Garoeb in

1982 are the most recent

and accurate reflection

of policy. | He said SWAPO

{would be committed to

facial reconciliation and

economic pragmatism

and would be prepared

to work with "genuine"

internal leaders like

Dirk Mudge but not

with "racist" political

parties. It would not allow the ANC to establish bases but it would

try to reduce its econpmic dependence on

^South Africa. (Observers believe this will be

impossible in- the first

three decades of independence). A SWAPO

government would be

non-aligned, he said.

What of the alternative to a SWAPO government? ,

An interesting feature

of the Namibian scene

and one that is not frequently portrayed in reports of the country is

the strong degree of

consensus along the political spectrum on one

point—independence.

With the exeption of

the Herstigte National

Party and the National

Party— which aligns itself with the South African Conservative Party — most of the prominent leaders want immediate independence.

The most influential

among them is the chairman of the Democratic

Turnhalle Alliance,

Dirk Mudge, who heads a loose centrist alliance

of 11 ethnic parties.

Mr Mudge isa

shrewd, hard-working

Afrikaner conservative

who_ nevertheless hasa

vision of the prospects

Namibian independence

may hold.

In the past he has

aligned himself with the

South African government but has repeatedly

been frustrated by South

African intransigence

which has eaten away at

his credibility. With independence looming in

1978 SWAPO was re33
CSO: 3400/1826

liably believed'""to fear

being beaten by Mudge.

From early this year

the South African government dispensed with

Mudge äs the conservative alternative to a

SWAPO victory, pinning its hopes instead on

veteran Owambo politician Peter Kalangula

whose Christian Democratic Action Party

which controls the

Owambo ethnic administration has not lived up

to initial expections.

Also prominent on

the internal political

scene is the leader of the

Damara Council Justus

Garoeb, a quiet spoken

politician whom observers believe is the closest

to SWAPO's leadership.

(Leaders of the two parties are planning a round

of talks in the near future).

Many South Africans

do not realise just how

close some of the internal leaders are to

SWAPO. Recently, for

example, a group of influential German businessmen in the territory

held talks with the

movement's leadership.

For the thousands of

non-Owambo Namibians who fear ethnic discrimination at the hands

of a SWAPO government, the DTA appears

to offer the most comfortable alternative.

South Africa's latest

political initiative in the ;

territory has been the

State Council—a forum

of 50 representatives of

the internal parties

charged with forging a >

constitution.

Some observers believe the council —

which has been roundly

rejected by most prominent leaders — was designed as a prelude to a

UDI-type solution for

the territory. Now the

leaders of one of the

oldest nationalist parties, the South West Africa National Union

(SWANU) are trying to

initiate a national forum

independent of the

South African government.

Later this month the

Namibian question will

once again come under

the international spotlight at the United Nations Security Council.

South Africa will be under pressure from the

Western Contact Group

(France, Britain, the

United States, West

Germany and Canada)

to agree to a ceasefire,

the Contact Group will

be under pressure from

SWAPO to force South

Africa to agree to independence, the Angolan

government will be

urged to release the Cubans and the Frontline

States will urge Nujoma

to moderate his

tone. ...

Realistic observers

are holding out little

hope for a settlement

this year. After years of

convincing the South

African electorate of the

"SWAPO evil", Mr PW

Botha's government

seems stuck with the

giant millstone.

In the meantime

Namibia's festering war

goes on.

34
NAMIBIA

CANU SAYS AG DID NOT CONSULT IT ON COUNCIL

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 4 Aug 83 p 3

[Text]

THE CAPRIVI African

National Union (Canu),

who broke away from

Swapo in 1980, was

never consulted in the

formation of the State

Council, an executive

member ofthe party, Mr

Ernest Likando said today.

And the opposition

party to the Democratic

Turnhalle Alliance in

Tswana ethnic politics, the

Ipeleng Party, has rejected

participation in the Council.

'" ~ [

A spokesman for the office of the AdministratorGeneral said the office

would not comment on a

statement released by the

"homefront" of Swapo at

the weekend calling for immediate talks with South

Africa.

Swapo called for talks at

any venue on the

implementation of United

Nations Security Council

-Resolution 435 for a

ceasefire and elections in

country.

The spokesman for the

AG's office said it did not!

comment on press statements.

Mr Likando's statement

described the State Council

as the "most useless in-

[ itiative in the manipulation

of the affairs of this

colonised territory in over

half a century."

Although the State

Council has been

proclaimed by the AG it

has yet to take ofT, with the

DTA calling for its postponement.

By trying to form the

State Council, South

Africa was inviting more

"trouble frohi the suffering

majority of this colonised

region".

The Council, said Mr

Likando, was based on

"neo-colonialist apartheid"

and aimed at impeding the

implementation of the UN

solution for the country.

Canu, which, has been

advocating Eastern

Caprivi as separate independent state since

breaking away from

Swapo, said the State

Council was not "related

to our avowed ideal of an

independent Itenge."

Itenge is the name Canu

gives to its proposed independent homeland

separate from Namibia.

"We want our own AG

or South Africa must

withdraw her colonial instruments from the Caprivi

Strip/Itenge," Mr Likando

said.

CSO: 3400/1826

35
WHITE-FISH INDUSTRY FACES BANKRUPTCY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 9 Aug 83 p 1

[Text]

NAMIBIA

NAMIBIA'S white-fish industry is facing bankruptcy in one of the worst

seasons ever with hundreds offishermen

laid off and most of the fleet tied up

along the quays.

Another alarm call to

the Namibian economy

comes from fishermen and

boat owners.

Trawling for soles is at a

virtual standstill.

The only other major

white-fish catches along

Namibia's coast — hake

and cob — are too low to

warrant putting out to sea,

in most cases.

Boat operators are

stretching their credits as

fuel and wage bills mount.

The necessary cash outlay for making urgently

needed boat conversions to

go after alternative species

has dried up.

Worst hit is the line fish

sector, where only six out

of the 19 licenced boats are

still active.

Around 300 fishermen

and shore staff have

become redundant as a

result.

Two black crew

members were charged

RIO fines for not having

valid passes, since their

employers did not renew

their municipal lodging

registration fees.

In many cases, line fish

operators have by now accumulated debts totalling

in the region of R15 000

on fuel alone.

They simply cannot afford to put to sea at present.

Only one third of the

trawling fleet is still active,

with nine boats • laid up,

eight of them privately

owned.

This means over 60

fishing crew members are

now without jobs, shore

staff aside.

Table Top's new factory

recently commissioned for

over R3m has been processing last year's by-catches,

according to reports, but is

virtually closed.

Its three trawlers have

moved to Gape Town to

catch in South African

waters, because they have

dual licences for both territorial waters.

Walvis Bay registered

boats do not have this option.

36
CSO: 3400/1826

The enclave's biggest

white-fish. trawler fleet

changed hands recently.

A spokesman for

another leading trawling

company, told The Advertiser yesterday if things

don't improve soon the

Company would be

translocated to SA.

This would mean its

staff of 40 - all

Namibians — would be

without jobs in Walvis

Bay,

This company pays

wages of about half-amillion Rand a year.

"It's the worst I've ever

seen since my arrival in

1966," said Mr Arthus

Mays, the owner of Cato

Fishing which operates a

sizeable fleet.

He described the situation as "shocking."

Catches have dwindled

to virtually nothing for the

past four months. The

Secretary for Economic

Affairs, Mr Piet Kruger,

said today, there was

nothing the authorities

could do to provide relief.

He pointed out that the

past two years yielded

bumper sole catches.

Those who had provided

for a bad season with last

year's profits, should be

able to survive.

This year, however, was

"below normal."

Mr Kruger also referred

to the 20% price drop to

35 cents a kg for small

hake which comprise 80

percent of the hake catch.,

This was partly brought'

about by an oversupply on j

the world market. '

In the past trawlers used

to go after hake as an alternative when soles were not

around.

This option is no longer

viable, Mr Kruger added.

Both Mr Kruger and

Walvis Bay fleet owners

have referred to the "continuing onslaught by the

foreign fleets who catch off

the Namibia coast under

concessions by the International Conference of

South East Atlantic

Fisheries (Icseaf).

Fishermen complain the

foreign trawlers are using

huge nets to rake up

valuable in-shore fish

where local line-fish

catchers used to make

their living.

Walvis Bay patrol vessels are inadequate and

have no powers of arrest.

Meanwhile, it has been

disclosed that Icseafs

total catches were boosted

by 200 000 tons last year,

mainly from fish trawled

off the Namibian coast.

There are presently

about 60 foreign trawlers

active off the country's

coast.

In some cases they

operated within the no-go

zone along the Skeleton

coast in the north, where

local boats are forbidden to

catch, fishermen claim.

37
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

TRAINING IN EAST GERMANY—More than 100 Namibians from refugee camps in Angola

and Zambia will arrive in East Germany later this month for professional

training, the official news agency ADN said. Others are expected from

Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, Mozambique, Ethiopia and Nicaragua, it said.

Training in skills like teaching and engineering is tailored to match the

development need of the countries, ADN said. [Text] [Victoria NATION in

English 24 Aug 83 p 2]

DTA ASKS TO ADDRESS UN—The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance [DTA] of South-West

Africa/Namibia has formally asked the president of the UN Security Council for

permission to address the council session that begins tomorrow. The request

is contained in a message signed by the president of the DTA, Mr Kuaima Riruako.

He says in the message that the request has been made in the light of the undertaking given by the UN secretary general, Dr Perez de Cuellar, last week that

all political parties of South-West Africa/Namibia will receive equal treatment.

Mr Riruako has also given the Security Council president reasons for the refusal to the DTA to have personal talks with Dr Perez de Cuellar during his

visit to Windhoek last week. Dr Perez de Cuellar visited South Africa, SouthWest Africa/Namibia and Angola last week in an attempt to speed up an independence settlement for the territory. The secretary general has completed a

report for the Security Council on his visit, and this is due to be published

in New York within the next 24 hours. UN officials said earlier that they

believe the elements are now in place to start a UN military and civilian

operation leading to the independence of South-West Africa/Namibia. [Text]

[MB301538 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 30 Aug 83]

NEW BODY FOR PAPERS--0wners of newspapers in Namibia met in Windhoek this

week to form an association to tackle problems of common interest. The organisation formed will be known as the SWA Newspaper Publishers Association.

Present at the meeting were representatives of Deutscher Verlag, Die

Republikein, John Meinert, Suidwes Drukkery and the Windhoek Observer. Mr

Peter Meinert was elected the first chairman. He said the Association was

not formed in competition to Newspaper Press Union which looks after the

interests of South African and Namibian newspapers. "But we have particular

problems and matters of mutual interest amongst newspapers which relate to

this region that are not handled by the NPU," Mr Meinert said. [Text]

[Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 12 Aug 83 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1826 38
NIGERIA

COMMENTARY SAYS NIGERIANS REJECT PLOTS

AB300910 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 29 Aug 83

[Patrick Obasele commentary]

[Text] Before the countdown of the 1983 elections, detractors of this great

country, enemies of peace in Nigeria, protagonists of retrogression of the

Federal Republic of Nigeria, and lovers of crashes and clashes preached and propagated all kinds of allegations of possible rigging at the elections. Indeed,

the vice was given such prominence by the radio and television as well as the

print media belonging to this group of amateurish politicians! There was hardly

any political party that was not conscious of this so-called gospel about the

Nigerian elections, meaning therefore that all the six political parties left

no stone unturned to avert any rigging to its disadvantage.

In spite of all the precautions taken by FEDECO [Federal Electoral Commission]

and the various water-tight arrangements by political parties, allegations of

malpractices, mostly rigging, by losers greeted the presidential results. And

for the governorship elections, tighter security by FEDECO and political parties

was put into force. Yet the results of the gubernational race were again

greeted with even greater allegations of rigging by those who lost.

A careful study of the presidential and gubernatorial results did not differ

from the senatorial ones. Could one party have been rigging in all the three

elections with the other five parties standing akimbo, or was each party outrigging the other? From the results so far obtained, there is little doubt

that the remaining elections will not maintain the same pattern or trend,

and a close study of the 1979 elections show a clear reflection in the 1983

voting. In 1979, the NPN made inroads into all parts of the country followed

by the NPP [Nigeria People's Party]. The UPN [Unity Party of Nigeria] retained

the former western region and the fiefs of the old action group. In 1983, the

NPN retained its base in the south and improved on its 1979 efforts in Kwara

state.

So therefore to brush these data and the influencing factors aside and propagate

the allegation of rigging clearly tantamounts to absurdity in reasoning. Instead of facing the realities of the Nigerian politics, sad enough, some of

these politicians have elected to change the shadow. If the allegation of

rigging against the NPN is true, as much as the party wants the Ikemba of Nnewi

to be in the senate, one wonders why the party failed to rig for Chief Odumegu

Ojukwu in the south senatorial district in Onitsha.

39
Indeed some of these incorrigible old politicians have failed to face the

realities of the time believing that the Nigerian voter of 1964 has remained

the same. And so now that the weapon of rigging has failed to ignite the fire

which messiahs of mischief and professors of instaiblity have designed and

desired, they are drifting from the arena of rigging to the territory of dictatorship. Surely any attempt to incite the people to believe that landslide

victory by a political party would lead to one-party rule vis-a-vis dictatorship

will hit the rug. [As heard] Among other things, landslide victories in some

states have not generated such situations. In Ogun state, for example, the

state assembly is 100 percent UPN and Chief Bisi Onabanjo or his administration

have not developed dictatorial tendencies. In Lagos state, the entire administration from the state governor, Alhaji Lateef Jakande, to the cleaner of

gutters, is UPN, yet dictatorship has not visited Lagos state and neither has

Ajikume nor Aguda, mainly inhabited by the Ibos, experienced dictatorial treatment and what is more, NPN, which has the highest number of litigations within

and among its members for various grievances reminiscent of democracy, no doubt

will be worried to keep such a dangerous cobra.

And as the vice president, Dr Alex Ekwueme, rightly remarked in an interview on

Sunday, dictatorship is a matter of the frame of the mind of the.Meader and

Nigeria is too sophisticated for any dictatorship. Besides President Shagari

does not possess any dictatorial tendencies. These politicians who are nervous

at facing realities should therefore stop shouting wolf and draw lessons from

the incumbent governor of Kwara state, Alhaji Adamu Atta, who only accepted

defeat but congratulated Chief C. 0. Adebayo. These groups of politicians should

emulate the example of the Ikemba of Nnewi, Chief Odumegu Ojukuu, who not only

accepted the verdict of Fedeco and congratulated Dr Onwosiwe, who defeated him

at the polls, but also sent goodwill messages to the whole electorate, including

those who did not vote for him.

The sportsmanship in politics should be properly estimated by all so that the

interests of our fatherland can be placed above everything else at all time.

That is why it will be pertinent to remind these incorrigible politicians about

the wise saying of our elders that one does not mess up the bed on which one

will lie. These apostles of destabilization and messiahs of mischief should also

be reminded of the warnings of our forefathers that when a child throws a stone

into the market he never can tell if the stone will hit his mother.

Yes, these lovers of crises and clashes should be told that Nigerians are no

longer fools and would not want to break the coconut with their heads while

those intriguing and inciting them into violence have kept their families outside

this country and are here heavily protected by orderlies and immunities. Nigerians now want to live in peace and harmony. They want to live better lives.

They know that they can only live better lives and bequeath a better society

through prosperity, through progress and stability, and peace and harmony which

form the indisputable conditions for any progress.

CSO: 3400/1842

40
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

RESUMPTION OF WORK ORDERED—The state council of the Nigeria Labor Congress

[NLC] has directed all workers currently on strike declared by the NLC to

resume work as from today, the 30th of August 1983. In a statement issued in

Calabar yesterday, the secretary of the congress, Comrade Ita Henshaw, said

the strike action has been suspended for the time being to enable finance staff

to be mobilized to prepare new vouchers in accordance with the new directives

by the federal government on modalities for the loan. He said the state government has confirmed in writing to the congress that the 40 million naira loan

meant for workers in the state has now arrived. Comrade Henshaw warned, however, that the congress would not take kindly to any further breach of the

arrangements or any undue delay on the disbursement of the loan. The labor

scribe said he was quite sure that no further attempt would be made by any

government functionary or politicians to toy with the workers interests in the

state. The labor leader then urged all agencies concerned with the disbursement of the 40 million naira loan to redouble their efforts and ensure that

actual payments are made without any further delay. Meanwhile, all ministerial

departments' chief accounting personnel have been requested to meet the accountant general by 9 o'clock this morning for fresh directives on how the new set

of vouchers should be prepared. [Text] [AB300900 Calabar Domestic Service in

French 0800 GMT 30 Aug 83]

NPN PROSPECTS, ACCUSATIONS—The vice-president, Dr Alex Ekwueme, has described

President Shenhu Shagari's performance in the presidential elections as one

that not only Nigerians but Africans and most world leaders are proud of. Dr

Ekwueme, who was speaking in a special interview on Radio Nigeria, Lagos yesterday, noted that the president's achievements over the past 4 years contributed

towards this. The vice-president also pointed out that the NPN [National Party

of Nigeria] was a party where every Nigerian has the, opportunity to contribute

his quota for the development of the entire nation. Dr Ekwueme said it was as

a result of the recognition of the fact that the NPN was broad-based that made

it possible for all Nigerians to support it. On the party's chances in the

House of Assembly elections, the vice-president expressed confidence that the

NPN will win most state assembly seats. The reason he said was because the

NPN is the predominent party in Nigeria. On the accusation that the NPN rigged

the elections in Anambra, Ondo and Oyo states, Dr Ekwueme said any time a

Nigerian was defeated at the polls, the explanation given was that the election

had been rigged. Speaking on the factors that led to the defeat of the governor

of Anambra state, Chief Jim Nwobodo, the vice president said anybody who had

41
watched, events in the state knew very well that the governor had not performed

well. He said Governor Nwobodo himself was the biggest campaigner for the NPN

since the past 4 years in Anambra state. Dr Ekwueme said that the governor's

utterances, confrontation with the federal government, and refusal to take

credible advice contributed to his downfall. [Text] [AB291600 Lagos Domestic

Service in English 1500 GMT 29 Aug 83]

GASOLINE SMUGGLED TO CHAD—In Borno state, about 50 percent of the petrol meant

for consumption is being smuggled across the Nigerian-Chadian border. The

state director of information, Alhaji Mustapha Dongos, said the practice had

increased with the opening of the border which had lead to an acute shortage of

fuel in the state. [Text] [AB271155 Lagos Domestic Service in English 2100

GMT 26 Aug 83]

ONE-PARTY SYSTEM—The minister of information, Mallam Garuba Wushishi, says the

introduction of one-party system in the country would breed dictatorship.

Reacting to allegations that the NPN [National Party of Nigeria] was planning

to introduce a one-party system, the minister noted that his party was aware

of the disadvantages of such a system and therefore it had no such intention.

Mallam Garuba explained that the NPN victory was being given different interpretations because the party has succeeded in penetrating deep into the tradicitonal strongholds of rival political parties. He said the party recorded

this achievement because it has grass-root support. The minister stated that

the establishment of information centers in Nigerian missions abroad had greatly improved the country's image. He disclosed that he had resigned his appointment and would go back to his private business if he was not considered for

another ministerial appointment. [Text] [AB280720 Lagos Domestic Service in

English 0600 GMT 28 Aug 83]

ANGOLAN ENVOY PRAISES TIES—Nigeria has been commended for her contribution to

the emancipation and self-governance of the people of southern Africa. The

Angolan ambassador to Nigeria, Armindo Espirito Santo Vierira, said at a news

conference in Lagos that cooperation agreements between Nigeria and his country

were being implemented to the benefit of the people's of both countries. He

called on international organizations to denounce the dangerous situation prevailing in southern Africa. [Text] [AB280945 Lagos International Service in

English 0830 GMT 28 Aug 83]

20 ARRESTED FOR ELECTION VIOLENCE—Gamboru-Ngala (BORNO), 29 August (NAN)—

Twenty persons were on Saturday in Gamboru-Ngala, Borno, arrested for allegedly attempting to cause violence during election into the House of Representatives, police sources confirmed. Speaking to newsmen, the leader of the GNPP .

[Great Nigerian People's Party] in the area who was among those briefly

(?restrained) but later released, Alhaji Isa Ukar, said they were arrested for

raising an alarm when we discovered plans to rig. We discovered election malpractices perpetrated by the NPN and Fedeco officials. They wanted to fill

42
ballot boxes with false ballot papers. We were arrested, Alhaji Isa Bukar

alleged. Reacting the NPN leader in the area, Alhaji Dan Koli, described the

accusation as an attempt by the GNPP to cause unnecessary confusion. He told

(?newsmen) that the false claim of the GNPP should be disregarded because it

lacked merit. [Text] [AB291020 Lagos NAN in English 1006 GMT 29 Aug 83]

PUBLIC MEETINGS BANNED—Public meetings and processions have again been banned

in Imo State for 7 days. The order is contained in a bulletin issued in Owerri

by the state commissioner of police, Mr Fidel Owokimono. According to the

statement, the 7-day ban, which takes immediate effect, is for maintaining law

and order in line with section 42 of the Public Order Act of 1979. [Text]

[AB300915 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 30 Aug 83]

TRANSITION COMMITTEE APPOINTED—President Shebu Shagari has appointed a sevenman transition committee with the minister of agriculture, Alhaji Adamu Ciroma,

as chairman. The committee's terms of reference are to review programs and

policies of the federal government bearing in mind the manifestos and priorities

of the NPN [National Party of Nigeria] and the pronouncements of the president.

They also should determine the efficiency or otherwise of the ministerial and

departmental organizations at the federal level (?under) the federal code of

conduct of government affairs, and submit recommendations and possible restructuring if necessary and to prepare new guidelines and strategies for use by

the ministers and departments of the federal government. [Text] [AB300935

Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 30 Aug 83]

354 ARRESTED FOR ELECTION ABUSES—In Lagos state, 354 persons have been arrested

by the police command. They were said to have been involved in various

electoral offenses since the beginning of the elections. The police command

has also arrested five electoral officers and a man who claimed to be a soldier

during last Saturday's house of representatives elections for some alleged

electoral malpractices. In a statement, the commissioner of police, Alhaji

Mamma Naserwa, commended the public for cooperating with the police in elections.

[Text] [AB310640 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 31 Aug 83]

CSO: 3400/1841

43
RWANDA

DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL DELEGATION VISITS PRC

EA291001 Kigali Domestic Service in French 1115 GMT 26 Aug 83

[Excerpt] The National Development Council [CND] delegation which has been

on an official visit to the PRC since last Monday, arrived yesterday in

Shanghai, the economic and industrial capital of China, which has over 11

million inhabitants. The delegation came from Beijing, the political capital,

where, I remind you, the CND chairman, militant Maurice Nhawuwary was received

in audience on Wednesday by the'Chinese head of state, Comrade Li Kiannian.

A welcome banquet was offered in the evening on honour of the CND delegation

by the deputy director of Shanghai city people's assembly permanent committee,

Comrade Didin Shiang.

In a speech given on the occasion, Comrade Didin Shiang praised the heroic

struggle of the Rwandan people to win its national independence and he

exhorted it to remain always vigilant to safeguard the rights of this hardwon independence. He hoped that the economic and technical relations established between the PRC and the Republic of Rwanda will be further

s trengthened.

In his reply, militant Maurice Nhawuwary first defined the main orientations

of the National Revolutionary Movement for development political organization

which groups all Rwandans and whose principal objectives are peace and unity

in the service of economic, social and cultural development. He then enumer-r

ated the development projects for which our country obtains Chinese assistance,

and expressed the hope that these economic relations materialize ihethe framework of joint companies. Shanghai city, because of its geographical situation

and economic weight, may play a key role in this.

CSO: 3419/1171

44
SEYCHELLES-JAPAN ASSOCIATION TO REPRESENT TOURIST BOARD IN TOKYO

Victoria NATION in English 22 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

SEYCHELLES

THE Seychelles tourist Board

is to be represented in Japan

from October 1 by the Seychelles-Japanese Friendship

Association, one of the

organisation's two secretariesgeneral said over the weekend

after talks earlier this week

with tourism minister,

President Albert Rene.

Professor Takesato Wata—

nabe, the secretary-general of

the Association's Japanese

branch, left Seychelles on

Saturday night after his ninth

visit here since the Association

was formed in February, 1982,

to report on the progress of the

body's many projects in the

fields of tourism, youth

development, education,

! culture, fishing, farming,

health and sports.

The professor was accompanied on this visit by

Seychelles' Honorary Consul

in Japan, Mr. Atsushi Goto,

who, as a vice-president of the

Association, is also involved in

its prodigious efforts to

develop closer ties between

the peoples of the two

countries.

Training

Mr. Goto is the president of

the Aichi Institute of Technology which is offering,

through the Association, to

train Seychellois in electronic

; engineering and computer

sciences "in the very near

future".

Over the past week, the two

men met President Rene and

the ministers for Planning and

External Relations. Youth

and Defence, National

Development, and Education

and Information.

Of the meeting with the

President, the professor said

that Mr. Rene had offered the

Association two giant tortoises

as a token of the Seychelles

Government's recognition of

the organisation's efforts in

45
strengthening SeychelloisJapanese friendship.

On this trip Professor

Watanabe brought over table

tennis sets for Seychellois

youth and reported that a

Japanese book promoting

Seychelles was issued last

month and had already sold

10,000 copies. A photo

magazine on Seychelles was

also planned and the professor

himself was writing a guide

book on Seychelles for

publication by the end of this

year. Yet another book by the

Association on the plants and

animals of Seychelles would be

printed in collaboration with

the National Environment

Commission.

i

Presents

\ Next week the president of

he Association's Japanese

ranch, Mr. T., Ikeda. would

eliver four television sets and

video cassette recorders to the

National Youth Service, one

for each existing or planned

village.

Looking at the Association's much bigger tourism

project in detail, Professor

Watanabe said that Japanese

honeymoon couples and retired businessmen were

especially interested in visiting

Seychelles. However, there

had been two major drawbacks in that until the

Association's and the Tourist

: Board's recent promotion

\ drive, Seychelles was rela-

! tively little known as a

' Japanese tourist destination,

; and even then, the islands

were difficult to reach without

; spending a lot of money.

While Japan this year was

Seychelles' fifth biggest tourist

market up to last month with

2.080 visitors, this figure was

eight per cent less than at the

same time last year.

"If'we can get another flight

to add to the single one that

exists now. we can double the

number of tourists from Japan

to Seychelles,"' Professor

Watanabe said confidently.

Thus charter flights to

Seychelles are also on the

Association's drawing board.

CSO: 3400/1824

46
DEFENSE MINISTRY LIFTS CURFEW AT SEA

Victoria NATION in English 23 Aug 83 p 1

[Text]

SEYCHELLES

THE Ministry of Youth

and Defence has announced the lifting

yesterday evening of the

dusk to dawn curfew at

sea that had been in

effect since November,

1981 when Seychelles

troops repulsed a mercenary attempt to infiltrate the country.

A defence spokesman said

that the move reflected the

Government's confidence in

the country's internal stability

and in the Seychelles People's

Defence Force's (SPDF) ability to detect and counter any

threat from outside Seychelles'

borders.

Since 1981, the spokesman

said, the SPDFs and especially the navy's and the air

force's effectiveness in

detecting, and protecting the

country from, any sea-borne

threats had been substantially

upgraded. Early warning

systems had been set up on

Mahe's east and west coasts,

the coastal defence system had

been re-organised, and sea and

air patrols and the necessary

back-up facilities had been

improved.

"So now that the Government is satisfied that the

development of the country's

surveillance and defence

capabilities since 1981 has

reached a stage where

Seychelles is ready and able to

deal with any threat from the

sea, the 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.

curfew on all shipping

movements in Seychelles'

waters will be lifted as from 6

p.m. this evening," the

spokesman said yesterday.

However, all yachts at sea at

night would have to notify the

navy, either directly by radio

or through Bon Espoir, of

their positions. "We also call

on all yacht, fishing boat and

other skippers to give their

fullest co-operation whenever

they are approached by a navy

patrol boat," the defence

spokesman said.

The navy, he added, was

also always ready to respond to

any calls for help by vessels in

distress, day or night. SAP

CSO: 3400/1824

47
SEYCHELLES

IMPLEMENTATION OF 10 ZONE OF PEACE POLICY URGED

Victoria NATION in English 20 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Untitled editorial]

[Text]

THE current exacerbation

of the international situation

stemming from the increased aggressiveness of militaristically developed countries is inextricably linked in

the process of underdevelopment in developing

countries.

Too many newly independent countries are still

involved in domestic and

inter-state conflicts which

are depleting their resources

and unfortunately, big

power interests are seeking

to destabilize these sovereign

states and draw them into

militant relationships with

each other.

It appears these powers

are staking on the use and

aggravation of racial, religious, national, territorial

and other contradictions

among peoples and governments of the developing

countries and on the

splitting and emasculation of

such organizations as the

Organisation for African

Unity (OAU) and the NonAligned Movement (NAM).

Political solutions to settle

intricate problems and to

eliminate hotbeds of tension

are being thwarted by overt

and covert outside interventions.

Today, in our our own

region, many nations are

beset with increasing tensions in their struggle to

uphold their independence

and are becoming controlled

and their destinies determined by the forces bent on

military build-ups.

A real alternative to this

alarming situation would be

the implementation of the

United Nations Declaration

of the Indian Ocean as a

"Zone of Peace", accepting

the proposal made by the

non-aligned countries.

48
CSO: 3400/1824

But powers that consider

the Indian Ocean as a zone

vital to their own interests, from their distant

capitals, have chosen to

ignore not only this declaration but also the aspirations of the peoples of the

region and are hell bent on

"war-seeding" this area.

It has become the third

most strategic militaristic

zone of the big power arms

race and confrontation, with

bases for rapid deployment

of forces and nuclear arsenals containing the most

destructive potential weapons.

This is why nations of this

region in particular, and

developing countries in

general, have to struggle to

preserve and consolidate

peace on earth—and this

can be done by seeking to

solve our own problems

through our own organizations such as the OAU and

iNAM.

Peace is an invaluable

property of humankind, but

moreover, in our day and

age, it is also the basic

(Condition for its continued

(existence.

49
SEYCHELLES

SOVIET CEMENT GIVEN INFBASTRUCTUKAL DEVELOPMENT

Victoria NATION in English 11 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

THE infrastructural work

Seychelles needs to do to

increase development and

production in agriculture and

other fields received a valuable

boost yesterday with a Soviet

gift of R5.6 million worth of

cement.

At a signing for the 10,000

tonnes of cement at Independence House yesterday

morning, Mr. Georges Payet,

the National Development

Principal Secretary, told Mr.

Vladimir Shilin, the First

Secretary in the USSR

Embassy, that the gift would

be used in infrastructural

projects such as roads, and

would be designed to promote

agriculture, forestry, housing

and other sectors.

Seychelles welcomed

foreign aid in any form, Mr.

Payet said, whether it was in

cash or in equipment or

materials, especially as the

former was very often used to

buy the latter.

SPIRIT OF FRIENDSHIP

This gesture by the Soviet

Union, the Principal Secretary

added, showed the spirit of

friendship that existed

between the two countries.

Mr. Shilin noted that the cooperation that existed

between the two peoples was

founded on "a most solid base,

common ideals and the

creation of a flourishing

society without the

exploitation of man by man."

The First Secretary stressed

that his country regarded

"with great sympathy and

respect" Seychelles Government policies aimed at

consolidating . national

sovereignty, supporting nonalignment, creating an Indian

Ocean Zone of Peace, and

safeguarding disarmament and

world peace.

50
CSO: 3400/1824

Hoping that the Soviet gift

would further "cement" the

existing friendship between

the two countries, Mr. Shilin

expressed confidence that

bilateral co-operation would

develop further in all fields.

The cement was promised in

March this year when the two

countries signed an overall

agreement for a Soviet

contribution to Seychelles'

development effort of over

Rll million worth of diesel

fuel as well. Nearly R20

million worth of heavy earthmoving and construction

equipment was also promised

at the same time and has since

been signed for.

The cement is expected to

be shipped over in three

consignments with the first

hopefully arriving within the

next three months.

The importance of the

Soviet gift is shown in the 1981

trade figures where Seychelles

imported R12.5 million worth

of cement, mainly from

Kenya, for its infrastructural

development.

SAP

51
SEYCHELLES

SLIGHT FALL IN IMPORTS REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 18 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

SEYCHELLES' imports dropped a little in

th« first six months of

this year with the value

of imported food falling

by as much as 27 per

cent.

According to the latest

figures of the Government's

Statistics Division, the total

,'alue of imports from January

o June fell by five per cent

from R341.9 million last year

to R326.2 million in 1983.

Main cause

The most extensive rise in

customs duties ever that was

introduced late last year was

probably the main cause of the

decline. Last November, import duties on a large range of

goods went up by five to 50 per

cent in a major effort by the

Government to encourage local industry and production as

well as to cut spending on

imports. At the same time,

over a dozen more different

kinds of products went on the

prohibited imports list to

protect local manufacturing

and farming.

Further increases in the

import duties on such goods as

ready-made clothes, cereals,

fruit and vegetable juices and

luxury items that were imposed last month along with a

temporary ban on all vehicle

imports should bring import

payments further down.

Self-sufficiency

Looking at the goods by

their classified sections, one of

the biggest drops in the first

half of this year was in food

and live animals where Seychelles isjnaking a tremendous

effort to achieve as much selfsufficiency as possible. Food

and live animal imports fell by

52
27 per cent from a value of

R50.6 million in the first half of

1982 to R36.9 million in the

same period this year.

The number of eggs and

animals and the amount of

cereals, vegetables, fruits and

drinks such as tea and coffee

that were imported all fell.

Chemical imports dropped

by 30 per cent with fertilizers

falling by 77 per cent.

The importation of

manufactured goods fell by 22

per cent and beverages and

tobacco declined by 10 per

cent.

However the amount spent

on mineral fuels went up by 20

per cent from R66.2 million in

the first half of 1982 to nearly

R83 million in the first half of

this year.

But even here there was

good news in that most of this

was re-exported. The value of

imported fuel that was kept for

home use fell from R35.8

million last year to only R31

million of the total this year.

The only other big rise in

imports was one of 16 per cent

for machinery and transport

equipment which cost R97.8

million or 30 per cent of all

imports up to June this year.

Of this, R57.5 million or 40

per cent was spent on vehicles

and transport equipment, a

rise of 94 per cent on the

amount paid for such imports

in the first six months of 1982.

The value of all other classes

of imports fell by 32 per cent.

SAP

CSO: 3400/1824

53
SEYCHELLES

JOINT TOURISM PROJECT SIGNALS BETTER RELATIONS WITH KENYA

Victoria NATION in English 16 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

PRESIDENT Daniel Arap

Moi of Kenya has welcomed

improved relations with

Seychelles in a message to

President Albert Rene,

following high level talks in

Nairobi on a joint tourism

venture between the two

countries, Planning and

External Relations Minister

Maxime Ferrari has announced.

Together with Mr. Guy Morel,

the Financial and Industrial

Principal Secretary who is also

responsible for tourism, and

two senior economists, Dr.

Ferrari had just spent last

Thursday to Saturday in detailed talks in the Kenyan

capital with Foreign Minister

Robert Ouko and leading

planning and tourism officials.

Enthusiasm

On Seychelles' initiative,

the two sides are working out

the blueprint of a joint tourism

promotion project which, with

the help of the European Economic Community

(EEC), aims to entice European tourists to visit both

countries as part of a single

holiday.

An EEC expert from

Brussels is already working on

the European end, talking to

airlines and tour operators.

"We were very pleased to

find the Kenyans very enthusiastic about the project

and we signed an agreement

allowing the venture to

proceed immediately, with

Seychelles drawing up

something to be put to the

EEC for financing," Dr.

Ferrari said.

He explained that the

project arose out of Seychelles' failure to get the EEC

to compensate, under the

Lome II Convention, African,

Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)

54
countries for large losses in

tourism income just as Lome's

STABEX system covered

drops in revenue for certain

major agricultural produce.

Promotion venture

While this failure closed that

door to us, it also opened the

door to another solution,"

Minister Ferrari said, as he

explained that the EEC

proposed, instead, to use a

regional development fund to

help Seychelles and Kenya

boost their declining tourist

figures in a large, single

promotion venture.

It was hoped that the project

would also take in Tanzania

later on, the Minister said. To

that end, he was pleased to

learn from President Moi—

who asked to see Dr.'Ferrari

separately—that Nairobi was

working hard with Tanzania

and Uganda to patch up

differences between the three

East African states.

On Seychelles' relations

with Nairobi Dr. Ferrari said

that as President Moi had

pointed out to him, now that

Kenya had recently removed

major obstacles that had stood

in the way of more cordial

relations, it could only result in

better mutual understanding

between the two countries.

Pleasure

This would, in turn, improve co-operation between

the two countries, and in this

vein President Moi expressed

pleasure with, and support for

Seychelles' initiative in the

tourism venture.

Earlier this year, two major

European airlines, British

Airways and Lufthansa of

West Germany, withdrew

their direct flights between

Seychelles and Europe. This

would have been a very much

more serious blow to the local

tourism industry had Kenya

Airways not stepped in to help

fill the vacuum by providing

enough seats from Nairobi to

Seychelles to compensate

numerically for the loss.

From other directions,

Seychelles International Safari

Air joined hands with the

National Travel Agency to

provide an extra European

flight. From next October, Air

Seychelles and Brudm's major

independent airline, British

Caledonian, are to launch a

joint weekly flight from

London via Frankfurt.

SAP

CSO: 3400/1824

55
SEYCHELLES

STUDENTS TO SPEND WEEK-ENDS HOME

Victoria NATION in English 20 Aug 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

STARTING next Friday, National Youth Service students

will spend whole week-ends

with their parents in a bid to

strengthen family relationships even more, NYS Director Ralph Adam announced yesterday.

At present the first year

students visit their parents one

Sunday a month and the

second year students two

Sundays a month.

No students will be going

home this Sunday but starting

next Friday, August 26, all

students, whether' first or

econd year, will spend one

whole week-end — from

Friday afternoon to late

Sunday afternoon — at home

every month.

Naturally, as has happened

up to now, the students will

not leave their villages all at

the same week-end. Different

clusters in each village will go

home each time.

CLOSER RELATIONSHIP

In an interview with RadioTelevision Seychelles giving

more details of the major reorganisation still going on in

the NYS, Mr. Adam said that

the Service realised the need

for the students to develop a

closer relationship with their

parents.

"We are determined,

through the changes we are

making, to encourage even

better relationships between

these children and their

parents, and between the

students and the public in

general," the NYS Director

said.

Meanwhile, the Service is

reviewing its education programme in preparation for a

; new approach next year.

; Giving brief outlines of the

changes that could be ex56
Ipected in the academic sector, Mr, Adam said that all

first year students would study

more or less the same, basic

subjects, such as English,

French, mathematics and the

different social and pure

sciences.

| MAJOR POLICY

! In the second year the

students would be chanelled

towards specialising in

subjects they would need in

their future profession,

including such fields as

construction, agriculture, arts

and so on. But at the same

time, the students would

continue with thier basic

i subjects to varying degrees,

depending on how much these

! were needed in their future

professions.

The National Youth Service

is now headed, after the NYS

Board that takes major policy

and financial decisions under

President Albert Rene's

chairmanship, by a central

office in the Seychelles

National Investment Corporation building at Mont Fleuri.

The NYS Director heads the

office, concentrating mainly

on the political aspects of the

Service, while his Deputy Director looks after the day to

day running of the Service as a

whole.

The central office is divided

into two divisions for education and administration.

The education division is in

turn divided into three sections covering the NYS syllabus, training, and student

evaluation and guidance, the

administrative division has five

sections taking care of accounts, personnel, students'

records, infrastructure and

equipment, and the students'

health.

Each of the villages at Port

Launay, Cap Ternay and Ste.

Anne is headed by a Coordinator with assistants

responsible for administration, academic education,

jand village life outside the

'academic education, including

extra-curricular activities. ;

Each village is quite

{autonomous of the central adjministration in managing its

'students' daily life and education.

CSO: 3400/1824

57
SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

COPRA, CINNAMON EXPORTS UP—Seychelles' copra exports zoomed up 600 per cent

in the first half of 1983 while cinnamon exports and tea and electricity

production also rose. However, pork, beef, and beer production fell. In its

latest production indicators, the Statistics Division also recorded a drop

in fish landed in 1982 with mackerel catches decreasing by 58 per cent. Exports figures were shown for copra and cinnamon bark in the absence of

production figures. Although the tonnage of copra exports fell by 31 per cent

in 1982, from January to June 1983 the figures shot up 600 per cent, from 100

tonnes to 700 tonnes, compared to the first six months of last year. Cinnamon bark exports at 483 tonnes in June rose by 49 per cent while green tea

leaf production climbed 12 per cent to nearly 80 tonnes after declining 15

per cent in the whole of 1982. [Excerpt] [Victoria NATION in English 23 Aug

83 pp 1, 2]

PARASTATALS' FINANCIAL POSITION—The financial position of the country's

parastatals, which generally brought in low earnings last year, is likely to

improve with more experience and the easing of the recession, according to

the Seychelles Monetary Authority (now the Central Bank of Seychelles). In

its 1982 annual report, the Monetary Authority made its first attempt to review the financial performance of 20 parastatals, excluding the near financial

ones such as the Development Bank, the Savings Bank and the State Assurance

Corporation, and a few others. After looking mainly at the companies returns

to the Government, the Monetary Authority concluded that due to initial teethhing problems, the novelty of the parastatals sector, and the scarcity of

managerial and technical manpower compounded by the big drop in tourism, the

parastatals' earnings had been, with the notable exception of three or four

companies, low. The Authority noted that while there had been some losses,

these often arose in some sectors out of a deliberate policy to benefit the

people. This point was also made by President Albert Rene in a recent interview with a business magazine where he said that the state had to step into

these essential sectors where private business refused to invest because of a

lack of return. [Excerpt] [Victoria NATION in English 16 Aug 83 pp 1, 2]

AYCF GIFT—The pioneer movements received over R.25,000 worth of musical

instruments yesterday as a gesture of recognition and friendship from the All

China Youth Federation. Handing over the guitars, violins, trumpets, accordions, drums and other instruments to Youth and Defence Principal Secretary,

Ralph Adam yesterday afternoon, the Chinese Charge d'Affaires Yang Guangren

58
said the gift symbolised the ACYF's recognition of Seychelles' efforts to

develop its youth in all ways. As a result of this, Mr. Guangren added, the

Chinese youth federation was confident that the younger Seychellois would

achieve a lot in future. The gift results from a week's familiarisation visit

that a senior ACYF delegation made to Seychelles last May. Mr. Adam noted

that the speed with which the instruments had been sent over from China

clearly showed the Chinese youth federation's wish to improve relations

with Seychelles youth movements even more. Earlier this month the ACYF

presented nearly 400 books to the NYS. Mr. Adam said that the instruments

presented yesterday would go a long way in helping the Pioneers and Youth

Pioneers in their cultural development. Noting that the Pioneer Brass Band

sometimes had to borrow instruments from the Seychelles Police Band and elswhere in the past, the Principal Secretary said the gift would help solve such

problems as well as bring much joy to the children. SAP [Text] [Victoria

NATION in English 20 Aug 83 p 2]

TOURISM IMPROVES--The 30,780 visitors who landed in Seychelles in the first

seven months of this year were over 4,000 or 16 per cent more than the

number who arrived in the same period in 1982. To add to this, the Statistics

Division said in its latest review of tourism figures, the visitors' average

length of stay was 10.4 nights compared to 9.3 in 1982 and 8.7 in the record

year of 1979 when 45,833 visitors had arrived by July. Returning to the 1983-

1982 figures, there was a net increase of 28 per cent in the number of visitor

nights spent in Seychelles up to last month compared to the same period last

year. The number of visitors from Europe was 30 per cent above the 1982

figure with the Swiss up 395 per cent, the West Germans up by 55 per cent and

the French up by 28 per cent. Visitors from Reunion increased by seven per

cent, but those from Mauritius fell by 11 per cent. Syechelles' leading

tourist markets in the first seven months of this year were France, West

Germany, Switzerland, Italy and the United Kingdom and Eire, in that order.

Europe supplied 69 per cent of all the visitors, 84 per cent of whom were

here on holiday. In 1982 Europe had supplied 61 per cent of all visitors by

this time of the year. Bed nights were up 35 per cent on the same period last

year. SAP [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 20 Aug 83 pp 1, 2]

FIDECO RESEARCH PROJECT—The Fishing Development Company's (Fideco) research

into fish stocks, the best methods of fishing and possible new resources is

progressing satisfactorily despite one or two setbacks, the parastatals'

Research Director, Thislaine Lablache, said yesterday. Reviewing the various projects on trial, Miss Lablache explained to Seychelles Agence Presse

that over the first six months of 1983, the Company has been trying to

evaluate more accurately demersal (bottom as opposed to surface) fish stocks,

select the best traditional fishing methods, introduce new ways of fishing,

find new resources and work out the best ways of tapping those existing resources that were under-exploited. [Excerpt] [Victoria NATION in English

25 Aug 83 pp 1, 2]

CSO: 3400/1824

59
SOMALIA

JOINT COMMUNIQUE WITH KAMPUCHEA ISSUED 27 AUGUST

EA272052 Mogadishu Domestic Service in Somali 1700 GMT 27 Aug 83

[Text] The SDR [Somali Democratic Republic] and the Democratic Republic of

Kampuchea today released a joint communique on strengthening the good and

friendly relations between the two countries, Somalia and Kampuchea.

The communique follows the official visit to Somalia by the president of

Democratic Republic of Kampuchea, Mr Norodom Sihanouk, from 18 to 21 August.

The president of the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea was warmly welcomed to

the SDR by President Challe Mohamed Siad Biarre, the government, and the general

public of Somalia. While in the SDR, MrSihanouk held friendly talks with SDR

President Challe Mohamed Siad Barre, and other senior officials from the SDR

Government, in which the two sides discussed in detail matters pertaining to

the interests of the two peoples of Somalia and Kampuchea and the general

public of the world, and in particular ways of strengthening the bilateral

relations between Somalia and Kampuchea.

After analyzing the current global crisis, the two heads of state expressed

their deep concern over the dangerous crisis facing international relations as

a result of the use of force, threats, and provocations in relations between

nations.

The two presidents went on to express their concern over the escalating global

crisis which has resulted from the division of the world into various camps,

interference in the internal affairs of other countries, regional confrontations,

and the spread of wars and tension in many parts of the world.

The two presidents had identical views on the dangers posed to mankind by the

nuclear arms race, the global economic recession, the fall in food production

and other factors affecting the human race.

The president of the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea and the president of the

SDR, Challe Siad, said that they firmly believe that the only way to save the

human race from disaster, and to bring global prosperity and cooperation is to

implement directly international agreements which on paper provide for global

prosperity. The two presidents said that it is only by observing human rights,

equality, respect, the just rights to self-determination and independence of

60
the peoples of the world that closer global relations and cooperation can be

achieved.

The two presidents added that in order to solve the global crisis it is imperative to face the truth and hold political talks that can bring lasting peace

and just rights to all areas where conflict exists.

SDR President Challe Mohamed Siad Barre renewed the SDR's full moral and material

support for the gallant struggling people of Kampuchea so that they may achieve

their national freedom, and expressed his satisfaction at the successful

official formation of a democratic coalition government of Cambodia in June

1982.

The two presidents deplored the continued Vietnamese military occupation of

Kampuchea, which poses a great danger to the peace and stability of southeast

Asia and the rest of the world. The two presidents also said it is essential

to end the Kampuchean crisis by a political solution based on UN resolutions

and the call of the international conference which discussed the Kampuchean

crisis and which called for the complete neutrality, independence and sovereignty

of Kampuchea to be safeguarded and thereby to enhance peace and prosperity in

southeast Asia.

The two presidents also agreed that it is imperative to find a lasting solution

to the current crisis prevailing in the Horn of Africa. The two presidents

added that in order to find a lasting solution to the crisis of the Horn a

detailed study should be made of the area in order to find lasting and just

solutions for the people of western Somalia, the Somali Abo and Eritrean peoples

who are struggling for their just rights to self-determination.

The joint communique says that the two countries called on Abyssinia to stop

its oppression, pillage, massacre and colonial policies unleashed on the people

it colonizes and allow them their just rights to self-determination so that

complete peace and stability may prevail in this region.

The communique released by the SDR and the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea

further calls on the Abyssinian, Cuban, and other foreign forces backed by a

superpower to cease and desist from their provocative aggression and interference in the internal affairs of the SDR and at the same time for those forces

to withdraw from the SDR territory which the Abyssinians captured in June 1982.

while implementing international principles, the OAU charter, and basic government obligations.

CSO: 3403/53

61
SOUTH AFRICA

PARTIES VARIED REACTION TO REFERENDUM NOTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Aug 83 p 6

[Editorial: "Referendum"]

[Text]

WE NOW know when the referendum is to be

held.

Py choosing November 2, the Prime Minister,

Mr P W Botha, has fulfilled his promise to

give political parties at least two months' notice ofthe date»

We also know the question, which is a simple

one: "Are you in favour of the implementation of the Constitution 1983 as approved by

Parliament."

Both the Progressive Federal Party and the

New Republic Party have announced they

will wait before the Constitution Bill in its

final form is passed before recommending a

"yes" or "no" vote.

However, Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, the Leader of

the Opposition, says he will recommend a

"no" vote if the Constitution differs only in

minor detail afterthe committee stage.

Since no major changes will be accepted by the

Government, we can take it the PFP will say

"no".

The NRP, in the end, will say "yes".

The Conservative Party will call on voters to

reject the implementation of the new Constitution.

The Herstigte Nasionale Party, which is not

represented in Parliament, will follow the

same line.

The Government, which intended to apply a

guillotine to the committee stage debate at

noon on Saturday, has now extended the debate — and postponed the guillotine — until

Wednesday night.

It has been upset by filibustering by the Opposition, particularly the Conservative Party,

62
with each clause being debated at length and

some Opposition speakers being called to order umpteen times.

But that is the essence of democracy.

What the Government should not do is give

the impression that it is steamrollering the

measure through.

This is, after all, the most important Bill that

has been introduced in Parliament since

Union, more important even than when we

became a Republic.

Itshould be debated down to the last clause.

It is a great pity, therefore, that only five and a

halfmore days have been allowed for the debate. It will never be completed in that time

and the guillotine will fall.

Another decision of the Government which

will be criticised is to hold the Middelburg

by-election on the same day as the referendum.

The reason given for postponing the by-elecv tjon from October 26 is that there are practiI cat reasons and "in any case, it would not be

in the interests of the greater issue, around

which the referendum revolves, to hold a single by-election only one week before the referendum."

However, it could be argued that holding the

by-election on the day of the referendum

could equally divert attention from the main

issue.

The Right-wing parties will accuse the Government of being afraid of a bad by-election

result that could have influenced the referendum.

But there has been nothing to suggest the National Party is in danger in Middelburg, particularly as the Righ-wing vote is split.

All this aside, the political parties have known

that the referendum is going to be on a Constitution, the principles and broad detail of

which has already been accepted by Parliament because of the ruling party's great majority.

The battle lines are thus already drawn.

We hope the electorate will be fully briefed by

the Government on the nature of the new

f Constitution --far too many voters are hazy

about it. ':. >• ;

äKMSQj that the Opposition will not whip up

feelings, but will criticise the Constitution in

reasonable and not emotive terms.

We cannot afford a referendum campaign that

sinks to the level of bitter politicking and personal attacks like we had in recent by-elections. ; ;/_'■■

For the outcome, whichever way it goes, will

determine what will happen m this country

for yearsto come.. ; ^:-

CSO: 3400/1825

63
THOUSANDS MAY BE DISQUALIFIED FROM VOTING ON REFORM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Aug 83 p 9

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CSO: 3400/1825

ADMINISTRAiTVE

machinery at the "Department" of the Interior swung into top

gear yesterday to'prepare for the referendum — and early indications were that about

100 000 of the country's 2,7-million White

voters will not be able

to vote. -- :

They will be disqualified from participating in

the referendum unless

they" apply promptly for

theBooks ofLife.

The referendum will be

South Africa's first in 23

years. In it only Whi :es

over the age of 18, and in

possession of a Book lof

life, will be able to vote\

A spokesman for tike

department said yeste^

day that the backlog

applications for the Book

*>f Life — a list totalling

150 000 less than two

months .ago — had now

been virtuallywipedout.

However, it is estimated that at least

100 000 White South Africans still do not carry the

necessary credentials.

The Deputy Director

General of the department, Mr Genie van Zyl

said in an interview that

voters who did not have a

Book of Life and who

wanted to vote in the referendum should apply

immediately.

The department would

redouble its efforts to

process every application

received before referendum date, he said.

Estimates were that the

number of qualified voters now was about

300 000 higher than actually voted in die last general election. "'

Legislation to lay down

the rules of the referendum are expected to be

tabled in Parliament within the nextfew days.

64
SOUTH AFRICA

FUTURE EFFECTIVENESS OF UDF IN DOUBT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Aug 83 p 6

[Editorial: "The UDF"]

[Text]

THE constitutional plan is not a matter for

Whites only, although the Whites have the

political power to change the constitution or

keep it as it is.

The Coloureds and Indians are also involved,

because they have been offered chambers of

their own in the proposed new Parliament.

They will participate in the new legislative process, seeing it as a start, as the Coloured Labour Party does, or will reject it if they are

notsatisifed it offersthem real hope.

Beyond the moderates are the activists who

want a non-racial society, a society in which

the Blacks will rule as they do in other Blackruled countriesin Africa (and just as badly).

We have had organisations in the past that

have striven forthe same objective.

Some of them were banned. Two of them, the

African National Congress and the Pan African Congress, went into exile.

Internally, there are Black organisations that

fight the present system, working through

the trade unions, emphasising Black consciousness, involving schoolchildren, seeking

to destroy the system by means other than

violence (although violence erupts from time

to time, because their activities cause unrest

that inevitably leads to trouble in these instances).

From time to time, too, the Government detains some of the leaders, bans their protest

meetings, or even bans some of those involved.

We can expect, in this period of constitutional

change, that there will be efforts to rally the

forces of Black nationalism and Left-wing

opposition against the Government plan.

65
CSO: 3400/1825

However, the getting together of such forces

does not necessarily mean they will be any

more effective than similar Organisations

-iiavebeeninthepast. _

To give them the prominence that the liberal

Press here is giving them is simply to encourage support for an organisation that does not

have the power to determine the country's

destiny.

We refer, for example, to the front-page lead

story in yesterday's Rand Daily Mail in which

that newspaper says the Government's constitutional reform plan "suffered another serious setback at the weekend when a nonracial opposition grouping — the United

Democratic Front — was formed in Cape

Town with the claimed backing of 400 organisationsthroughout the country.

"The launch of the UDF represents the broadest alliance of anti-Government groups

since theCongress movementofthe 1950s.

"Observers believe it has the potential to become the most significant extra-parliamentaryopposition group in the country."

But what are the groups? The South African

Council of Churches (who else?), the SA Allied Workers' Union, the Council of Unions

of South Africa, and various community,

sports, cultural, church, political and student

organisations.

The patrons are a familiar bunch: Nelson

Mandela, the ANC leader who is serving a

life sentence; Dr Essop Jassat, president of

the revived Transvaal Indian Congress; Mr

Dennis Goldberg, the Rivonia triallist; Mr

Hassan Howa, who leads the attack on our

non-racial sports organisations; Dr Allan

Boesak, who attacks our racial system both

locally and internationally, and Dr Beyers

Naude, who remains banned.

The three national presidents are Mrs Albertina Sisulu, whose banning order was recently

lifted and who is in custody awaiting trial; Mr

Archie Gumede, a Durban lawyer and community leader, who heads the Release Nelson Mandela Committee, and Mr Oscar

Mpetha, who has been refused leave to appeal against aTerrorism Act conviction.

The three are described by the Mail as "veterans of the civil rights campaigns of the fifties".

Indeed, the UDF looks like an organisation

which is being used by the same forces in a

new guise, plus the latest Left-wingers, radicals and church leaders.

The constitutional plan will not succeed or fail

because they oppose it.

66
TOP POST IN SA POLICE REINFORCED BY MINISTER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Aug 83 p 10

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CSO: 3400/1825

THE top structure in the

SA Police has been reorganised, and a new post of

Senior Deputy Commissioner established to

assist the Commissioner

Genl Johan Coetzee in his

extensive duties, the Minister of Law and Order,

Mr Louis Ie Grange announced yesterday.

'; ' Lt-Genl Hennie de

Wit, now chief deputy

commissioner of Personnel and Administration,

has been designated to

take up the new post on

September 1. He Will be

respor«bte for the overall

administrative control of

all divisions of the force,

as well as instructive responsibilities delegated to

him by the Commissioner, :'

o General De Wit will be

succeeded by the head of

the counter insurgency

unit, Maj Genl Victor

Verster, who"will be promoted to the rank of

Lieutenant-General as

from September 1.

Mr Le Grange said in

the statement that in

terms of the Police Act of

1958 the Commissioner of

Police has the responsibility of instructing, control

"and supervision of the

force. Hereby he also

has extensive responsibilities to advise him (the

Minister) and the Government on many occa-

• "The responsibilities of

the Qnmnissioner have

*exftMMJ^:?tb such an extent that it became necceSary to relieve him of his

adininistrativefunction so

that he will be able to

practice his function ojf

management and decision

more effectively," the

Ministersaid.

'The structure change

will become effective on

September 1," the Minister said adding that the

new structure will assure

effective control and administration ofthe force.

With the promotion of

General Verster it is expected that his second-incommand, Brig Bert

Wandrag, will take over

ins gS5t äs chief of the

counter insurgency divisionofthe SAP, which includes the Special-Task

Force.

67
RESERVE BANK REPORTS FEWER JOBS OFFERED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 83 p 29

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CSO: 3400/1825

FROM the second half of

1982 the weakening of

real economic activity

came to be reflected in a

decline in employment,

the Reserve Bank said in

its annual economic report.

"At a seasonally adjusted annual rate, the increase in employment

: slowed down to 0,4 percent from the second half

of 1981 to the first half of

1982, before giving way to

a decline of 1,8 percent in

the second half of the

year," the reportsaid.

"In the first quarter of

1983 the decline continued at roughly the

same pace as in the preceding two quarters.

"Private-sector employment already started

to decline in the fourth

quarter of 1981, but the

effect of this on aggregate

employment was masked

for some time by the further increase throughout

1982 in public authority

employment.

"The latter increase,

however, levelled off in

the course of the year,

and in the first quarter of

1983 public authorities

merely maintained their

employment at the preceding quarter's level.

"The counterpart ot

these employment

changes was ah appreciable increase in unemployment. Seasonally adjusted, the number of registered unemployed

Whites, Coloureds and

Asians increased from its

most recent trough of

14 905, or 0,7 percent of

the corresponding labour

force, in August 1981 to

40 012, or 1,8 percent of

the labour force, in June

1983.

"As a ratio of the economically active Black

population, Black unemployment rose from a

trough "of 7,3 percent in

November 1981 to 8,3

percent in April 1983,"

the report said. — Sapa.

68
SENTRACHEM PRODUCTION, LOSSES REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Aug 83 p 11

[Article by Simon Willson]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CSO: 3400/1825

THE Afprene project

will reduce Sentrachem's pre-tax profits

by about R16-million in

the 1982-83 financial

year.

The reduction in pre-tax

profits will be R50-million in

1983-84, it is estimated.

These figures were given

Ito newspapermen this week

[during a tour Of the R401-

• million synthetic rubber

, plant established at Newcas-

; tie by the Sentrachem subsidiiary, KarLochem.

\ Marketing begins this

month of polyisoprene, the

Afprene product billed as

South Africa's answer to the

heed to import natural

rubber.

; When fully on stream, Afprene will have a polyisoprene production capacity of

«5 000 tons a year.

The dent in Sentrachem's

earnings in the year to June

1983 would be about 6c a

Share, said Sentrachem's

managing director, Mr David

Marlow.

Losses in the current financial year were estimated at

about 30c a share.

• "Losses are expected to

peak at a somewhat higher

level during the financial

year ending in June 1985, and

to improve progressively

thereafter.

"Pre-tax break-even will,

hopefully, occur before the

end of the decade, depending

on the level of international

rubber prices and the Government support obtained."

Sentrachem has applied

for 25% protection for Afprene products to be levied

on natural rubber imports,

and expects- the Board of

Trade's verdict in October.

"The expected performance of the project will be

carefully monitored and action taken to ensure optimisation of group profitability at

(all times," Mr Marlow said.

More information about

Afprene's effect on Sentrachem's earnings wquld be

disclosed with the group's

preliminary profit figures

about August 31.

Additional comment from

the board on the project

would be given in the group's

annual report, due next

month.

69
SOUTH AFRICA

INFLATION KEEPS ITS GRIP ON NATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 83 p 29

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

DESPITE favourable

developments, the

South African inflation

rate remained high and

inflationary expectations firmly entrenched, the Reserve

Bank says in its latest

annual report.

The bank says that the

inflation rate measured

over a month period to

the end of June .1983

amounted to 12,4 percent

— about two-and-half

times as high as the average for South Africa's

main trading partners.

Emphasis was therefore still on the need for a

reduction in inflation and

the necessity to follow a

less accommodative monetary policy.

The bank says the fact

that the balance of payments improved substantially automatically

switched the economic

policy in 1983 more explicitly towards -curbing inflation.

The bank points put

that the growth in the

broad money supply (M2)

accelerated from 17 persent at the end of 1982 to

22 percent in June this

year.

This rate of increase exceeded the rate of inflation by a substantial margin and was not consistent

with the policy objectives

of moderating the inflationrate.

The steep decline in interest rates to the middle

of February 1983 was not

only the result of monetary expansion but also

suggested that important

otherfactors was at work.

Not only did the cycliacal demand for credit

weaken, but expectations

of a positive decline in interest rates created by an

increase in gold price and

a decline in interest

abroad, also played their

part.

The bank also points

out that the rate of the

rand was influenced in a

fundamental-.way by the

improvement in the current account of the balance of payments.

It says the balance in

the first quarter of 1982

was negative to the extent

of R7,l-billion, or 9 percent of the gross domestic

product.

It, shrunk rapidly however and showed a surplus

of Rl,l-billion ia, the

fourth quarter of 1982.

This turnaround was

accompanied by expectations of an appreciation of

the value of the rand

which in turn gave rise to

a net inflow of overseas

capital in the third quarter oflast year.

For the seven months

to the end of January

1983 net foreign reserves

increased by R2,4-billion,

and the rand in fact appreciated by about 10 percent.

Despite a subsequent

net outflow of capital the

rand gained further

ground during the six

months to July. This is a

reflection of the continued improvement in

the balance of payments

and also fitted into a consistant stragety of fighting

inflation.

The bank says South

Africa could of course not

escape the downturn in

the world economy with

the result that the economy has been on, is now

for a downward trend for

some time. This was, of

course, worsened by one

of the worst droughts in

decades.

The Reserve Bank,

however, is ofthe opinion

that the downward trend

in the economy may soon

start to level out, if it has

riot already begun to do

so.

It says the economic recovery in the US is now

clearly under way and

should increasingly exert

expansionary effects on

Europe and Japan.

CSO: 3400/1825

70
SOUTH AFRICA

'RAPPORT' COMMENTS ON OUTCOME OF OPINION POLL

Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 5 Aug 83 pp 18-19

[From the "Comment & Opinion" Section"

[Text]

Opinion poll

Dr Van Zyl Slabbert ought to look

carefully at the results of the. latest

Rapport opinion poll. They indicate

how White voters would like to vote in a

referendum on the draft constitution.

They are apparently not paying much

attention to'the PFP leader's crusade

against the new dispensation. The vast

majority of Whites, including most English-speakers, are in favour of it.

He has caused a significant number

of the English speakers who, until three

months ago would have voted "yes" in a

referendum, to change their minds.

In April, before the PFP leadership

rejected the draft constitution, 66 per

cent of the English speakers still favoured it. This percentage has shrunk

since then — but despite the PFP agitation, a sound majority of English-speaking voters are still voting for the new

dispensation (56,4 per cent: yes; 25 per

cent: no).

Even in Dr Slabbert's own party the

yes-votes surpass the no votes.

And, if he does not want to believe the

survey, he just has to look at the very

small audiences that the PFP's countrywide crusades attract. More than 80

meetings were arranged to protest

against the plan, but, according to reports, most of them were attended by

fewer than 30 people.

It is clear that even most of the PFP

people regard the plan as an honest

effort that deserves a fair chance, as

Messrs Alan Paton and Harry Oppenheimer have already made clear.

Why then is the PFP continuing with

its almost hysterical casting of suspicion

on the proposals? Perhaps one of its

own leaders let the cat out of the bag

this week.

Mr Peter Soal said at a meeting: if the

Prime Minister loses the referendum, it

will be best for him to form a coalition of

the NP and the PFP. That would be the

only way to get Coloured support for a

new constitution.

It appears from this that the PFP feels

that a coalition is its only hope of ever

getting to power. But if it is its strategy

to capsize the constitutional plans in

order to bring about a coalition, it is

guilty of political opportunism — something that this country cannot afford at

this critical time.

Clarity

Agitation against the Government's

Draft Constitution is not expected to

increase in intensity.

The special parliamentary sitting

about this is round the corner and the

announced referendum cannot lie too

far in the future.

The efforts to bring the planned constitution into discredit must not be underestimated. Poweis are being united

from the left and from the right.

The question is whether all this propaganda (for or against the constitution)

will achieve anything.

With choices like this, the lesson of

research is that inner conviction, the

honesty of the proposals and the proposers for whom the people will vote, and

the clarity with which the choices are

conveyed, are decisive to the outcome.

Against this background the new constitution has a good chance of success

with the voting public.

But then the PFP will have to work

even harder at the last requirement —

the clarity of communication of the

choices. We must guard (especially in

the Transvaal) against an atmosphere

of luke-warmness, ambiguity and backbiting. Then the uncertainty can become

a positive point for those who reject the

planned new dispensation.

Johannesburg A —July 31

CSO: 3400/1825

71
SOUTH AFRICA

WITS STUDENTS CLASH OVER SWAPO

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Aug 83 p 15

[Article by Mark Gordon]

[Text]

FEELINGS ran high

on the University of

the Witwatersrand's

campus yesterday

afternoon, as pro and

anti-Swapo factions

clashed after a speech

by a former member of

the organisation, Mr

NestorHeita.

Although it was more a

clash of words than anything else, tempers flared

and a short fist fight developed between opposing factions.

The situation was finally brought under control by campus security

guards who, after repeated attempts, managed to

disperse the antagonists.

The trouble started in

the Social Sciences Hall

— where Mr Alliance

Heita was asked to give

his address by the University's Student Moderate

Alliance — when, after

university students had

passed through an intensive security network, the

chanting began.

"Viva Swapo", accompanied by "Sam Nujoma"

CSO: 3400/1825

chants came from the

back of the hall which was

predominantly occupied

by Coloured, Indian and

Black students.

Requests to keep quiet,

were greeted with loud

"No's" and when Mr Heita attempted to give his

speech, students chanted

"Swapo, Swapo for the

people."

Walk-out

A Mass walk-out by the

chanters followed with

many of them shouting at

Mr Heita that "Swapo

will get you for this you

sell-out". The slogans

were accompanied by

obscene signs.

"It was not needed,"

Mr Heita said. "I feel

very unhappy because of

them. They should have

first listened and then

started demonstrating.''

Mr Heita, said that he

was unemployed when he

was recruited by Swapo in

1978. "I decided that being out of work was no

good so Ijoined them.

"I was first trained at a

base in Angola for two

months where I learnt to

write and speak English,"

he said.

A six-month military

training course at Lubango base followed. He

then went to Russia for a

further eight-month training period, where he

learnt to speak and write

Russian.

"I was captured by

your (South Africa's)

forces on October 14,

1982 when I was wounded

— resulting in the loss of

my right leg.

Assisted

"I was interrogated and

I assisted the Namibian

government in every way

possible," he added.

Mr Heita, said that

when he joined Swapo,

he took his family with

him. His fclild and wife

werer!" taken away from

him and he was told that

he could not have them in

Angola.

"They (Swapo) told me

that we were busy with a

war against South Africa

and that I could not have

my family with me."

Mr Heita's child later

died.

"I left a wife, child and

j leg in Angola, that is all I

gotfrom Swapo," he said.

He said that in Swapo's

"four regions" in Angola

there are between four

and six detachments in

each region. "I only really

know the North and West

fronts of the country," Mr

Heita stated.

Co-operation

He pointed out, that

"Swapo and the official

Angolan army enjoy a

tremendous amount of

co-operation. "They are

very friendly."

Further information Mr

iHeita revealed, was that

! Swapo forcibly recruits

iyoung Owambo men for

itsforces.

"They take you to Angola whether you like it or

not," he said.

j Mr Heita now stays in

j Owamboland where he

runs a small "kuka shop"

— bottle store — he is

constantly guarded

against possible Swapo

\ reprisals by a private se-

; curity guard — normally a

member ofthe SADF.

72
SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR SLAMS PROPOSALRFOR TEACHERS* TRADE UNION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 83 p 13

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE chairman of a

powerful White teach?

ers association yesterday hit out at "certain

teacher elements" who

were "bedevilling and:

threatening to torpedo" positive steps forward in the profession

by pressing for a trade

union.

Professor Hennie Maree, chairman of the

Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging — and rector of the Pretoria Onderwyskollege and former

chairman of the Federal

Council of Teachers Associations — pointed an

accusing finger at the

Transvaal Educators Society.

He told The Citizen in

an interview; "This little

body, unrecognised and

insignificant, is getting

massive publicity for its

radical proposals —; publicity completely out of

keeping with the body's

importance."

He said the trouble was

that the publicity would,

to the outside world, create a picture of dissension

and militancy within the

ranks of teachers that was

absolutely out of keeping

with the facts.

The activities of the

body — "and I doubt if it

numbers as much as 100

members — could also

bedevil a great deal of.

positive progress the recognised teachers organisations had made towards

a new negotiating body

forthe profession.

Prof Maree — head of

a body which has nearly

half all registered White

teachers in South Africa

in its ranks — said he

would ask the chairman

of the main body, the

Federal Council, Mr John

Stonier, to make ä statement to clear up the controversy,

jHe said that the Federal CöuncU, acting for the

nine main and recognised

White teacher associations, had already formulated its approach on the

subject of trade unionism

forteachers.

Positive

While recognising the

many positive features of

trade unionism, the body

had opted for negotiations with the state for the

establishment of a new

and statutory negotiating

body to deal with teaching conditions.

"Since then the federal

council has been working

constantly on the subject

and we are awaiting the

decision of the Cabinet,

which knows we are unhappy about existing machinery."

]; The feeling was that

trade union action, and

Strike action written into

it, would be contrary to

the greater interests of

education for a number of

reasons.

; "It's not that we regard

ourselves as superior to

trade unions or anything

like that. In fact we are in

favour of positive facets

oftrade union legislation.

"What we want is a

new negotiating body,

based on parliamentary

statute, in place of the

present inadequate and

almost informal system of

negotiation.

"And we want a failsafe mechanism written

into the legislation in case

of deadlocks, giving us

the right to arbitration by

an independent source,"

said ProfMaree.

Mechanism

What was aimed at now

was a negotiation mechanism, "with teeth", but

hot a trade union"and

"very definitely no question ofstriking powers".

Reasons why most of

the profession was opposed to direct trade

union and strike action included the belief that they

were detrimental to the

general professional image ofteaching.

In teaching, too, trade

union activities could result in a serious estrangement between the educational authorities, parents

and the organised teaching procession.

Also, due to high standards set by trade union,

teachers could be priced

out of the market, leading

to an oversupply of teachers.

CSO: 3400/1825

73
SOUTH AFRICA

WITWATERSRAND STUDENT DEMONSTRATION DEPLORED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Aug 83 p 6

[Editorial: "Students"]

[Text]

STUDENTS have been involved in radical

movements overthe years.

Some have been detained; others banned; still

others have gone into self-exile. And some

have been jailed fortheir activities.

Misguided idealism results in students allying

themselves with organisations that aim to

overthrow the existing order.

Other students have firm-rooted convictions

which encourage them to join these forces.

In still other cases, there are movements which

subvert the minds of students and they participate in protests which result in violence.

Most students, however, who take part in radical protests are expressing the dissent of

youth; by the time they have reached the age

of 30 and have settled down to raise families

and advance their careers, they have forgotten the extremism oftheirstudent days.

It is unfortunate that it is at the English-speaking universities where protest goes beyond

the bounds of acceptable conduct.

The University of the Witwatersrand and the

University ofCape Town, which both boast a

liberal tradition, are two of these institutions

which have had incidents which have aroused

the public ire.

In the case of Witwatersrand University, this

has resulted in threats by town comcils to

withdraw financial support and ihe baaning

ofthe distribution ofRag magazines.

Whether one blames the students for harming

their universities, or the university authorities for giving students too much latitude in

the name of academic freedom, the fact is

that we cannot have protests or other activi74
CSO: 3400/1825

ties that fly in the face of our accepted traditions and values.

This week, when a former member of Swapo

addressed students at Wits, there was a

group of students which shouted pro-Swapo

sloganslike "Swapo, Swapo forthe people."

Other students were anti-Swapo, tempers

flared, a short fist fight developed, and campus security guards had to intervene to disperse the antagonists.

The pro-Swapo chants came from the back of

the hall predominantly occupied by Coloured, Indian andBlack students.

We do not say that non-White students necessarily take the same view of Swapo that the

great majority ofSouth Africans do.

But with South African soldiers dying or being

wounded on the border, defending South

West Africa against Swapo, the pro-Swapo

faction at Wits, by its conduct, does the university further unnecessary harm.

Students of the University of Natal have also

done their university a great disservice by

barring a Swiss rock singer, Claude o'Brecht,

from performing there because of his decision to give a concert for South African

troopsserving on the border.

His manager said: "This is ridiculous. Claude

is here to make music and thought the border

concert would be a way of expressing his

thanksto South Africa."

The student leader who told him not to appear

at Natal University said: "As a liberal university, we are against the system which is protected by the SA Defence Force. By entertaining Defence Force troops, this singer is

sympatheticwith the system."

All ofwhich is deplorable.

Why shouldn't the boys on the border be entertained?

Why should students, subsidised by the State,

take up a stance that is diametrically opposed

to the views of those who help to keep them

at university?

Or, put more bluntly, what gives these stur

dentsthe right to be so damned unpatriotic?

75
SOUTH AFRICA

REPRESENTATIVITY OF UDF PRAISED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Aug 83 p 4

[Editorial: "Unwise To Restrict Growth of UDF"]

[Text]

THE NUMBER of people who attended the United Democratic Front

(UDF), apart from being impressive

was over and above all comfortably

representative. The choice of officials, from the patrons right down to

the most junior officer, seems splendid and studded with extraordinary

personalities.

It seems evident that anybody

who stands in the way of the UDF at

this juncture will only be courting

derision. We are perhaps glad to see

that Azapo has been supportive of

this rally.

For whatever your views about

the movement it must be admitted

that they have put together the Tdnd

of professional job that can only be

impeded by direct Government action. And that is the kind of action

we would like to advise the Government not to contemplate.

It is necessary for organisers of

such conferences to mount the kind

of constructive occasion that would

make even their enemies appear silly

and politically naive.

While we are about that, we believe it is about time that our politicians on the opposition become as

wily as the biblical snake and as

careful as the dove. ThereTsjust no

76
CSO: 3400/1825

need for breast-beating and giving

your constituents the misguided idea

that victory is around the corner.

There is a lot of spade-work to do

and governmental opposition that

might try to destabilise this move.

The bogus pamphlets distributed before the Cape Town rally are an indication of this. There is no doubt

that the more aggressive the UDF

seems to be the more radical attacks

against it are going to be.

We believe all the people of South

Africa should be made aware that

organisations formed to oppose the

government are not necessarily disruptive of progress in the country. It

is obvious that the UDF has a responsible agenda that does not look

at violence, for instance, as a tactic

for political persuasion. If this kind

of confidence is instilled in the minds

of theLpeople, particularly if it is

stressed that the movement is working towards peace and stability for

all, then it will grow.

This we believe, will also make

things somewhat difficult for those

who are so desirous to physically

disrupt the movement.

Among the resolutions passed at

the conference that are very interesting is the one that rejects the sale

of state-owned houses in the townships. It was resolved too that opposition against forced removals

should be recognised and become

part ofthe agenda.

The conference called on the government to repeal the Group Areas

Act and urged communities faced

with removal to organise opposition.,

77
RUGBY FEDERATION TEAM TO INCLUDE WHITE PLAYERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Aug 83 p 4

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPETOWN. —The

SA Rugby Federation

team would probably

include Whites from

next season onwards,

Dr Danie Craven,

president of the SA

Rugby Board, told delegates attending the international rugby

media congress at a

Sea Point hotel yesterday.

Dr Craven said the

SARF and the SARB

were working on the "machinery" to make it possible for the federation to

open its doors to Whites

from next season onwards.

"We have found that

the team is bigger than

colour," he said.

He told the overseas

newspaper men — a total

of about 80 are attending

the congress — they were

under no obligation to the

SA Rugby Board and the

board did not want to impress them but only "to

show the truth about

South Africa and South

African rugby".

Dr Craven said anybody who wanted to find

fault would be able to do

so and if delegates had

preconceived ideas they

would find the fuel to

feed their preconceived

ideas.

"But I ask you to be

impartial and objective

and to come to your own

opinions."

He said he believed

South African rugby and

sport in general have a

case to put.

"You usually hear what

we don't do overseas but

now you can hear first

hand what we have done

! and what we are doing,"

he said.

Dr Cravan said he had

been asked on numerous

occasions why South Africa needed three bodies to

administer rugby — The

SA Rugby Board, the SA

Rugby Federation and

the SA Rugby Association}. The "' main 'reason

fwas that the administrators did not have the machinery to organise all

rugby through one body.

He said all apartheid

laws applicable to rugby

had been abolished and

the matter would not stop

at this point. Politics spilled over into sport and

vice versa and the spirit of

rugby must also spül over

into South African politics, Dr Craven said.

Lord Chalfont, international president of

Freedom in Sport and a

former Minister in the

British Labour Government, who will act as independent chairman for

the congress, said the

congress would discuss

rugby in South Africa and

'not the morality of apartheid or the political situation.

"I believe foreigners

should not interfere in

other country's internal

policy and the congress'

aim would be to discuss

rugby and the progress

that has been made."

He made a plea that

delegates should not

think "my mind is made

up, don't confuse me with

the facts." He asked that

everybody be objective

and take in all the facts

before judging the complete issue.

Opening the congress,

Lord Chalfont, said

throughout his life one

central conviction had always taken prominence

— he believed in the liberty of the individual and

that it was the democratic

right of any individual to

play for, against whom

and anywhere in the

world he chose.

He said he also had his

views on the South African political situation and

abhorrence of apartheid,

but the internal position

in South Africa should

not deny South Africans

j the right to exercise their

j individual liberty. —

i Sapa.

CSO: 3400/1825

78
INDIANS IRKED BY WHITES-ONLY REFERENDUM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Aug 83 p 15

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

DURBAN. — The chairman of the Executive of

the South African Indian

Council (SAIC), Mr A

Rajbansi, yesterday urged the Minister of Constitutional Development,

Mr Chris Heunis, to meet

with Indian leaders in the

country as soon as possible to discuss the Constitution Bill and the referendum to be held on

November 2.

Reacting to a statement

by the Prime Minister on

Wednesday night that Mr

Heunis was to meet with

both Coloured and Indian

leaders on constitutional

matters, Mr Rajbansi said

that the meeting should

take place as soon as

possible.

Standpoint

He said that the SAIC

had always adopted the

standpoint and stood by

it, still at this stage, that a

referendum also had to be

held among the Indian

community to judge their

attitude whether they

wanted to participate in

I the proposed tricameral

I Parliament.

Until now the Government had been reluctant

to hold the referendum

but yet was holding a referendum among the

Whites as to whether they

would accept or reject the

ConstitutionBill.

Mr Rajbansi emphasised that the only way to

test Indian opinion on the

Constitution Bill was to

hold a referendum and

said that the SAIC could

not commit the Indian

community at this stage to

supporting or rejecting,

theBill.

The leader of the Reform Party, Mr Y Chinsammy, called on the Indian community to have

nothing to do with the

i Bill. He said as long as

Blacks were excluded the

\ whole exercise was a farce.

Rejection

The Natal Indian Congress (NIC), has also rejected any participating in

the Bill and has called on

all Indians to boycott the

whole process.

Only last month the

congress passed a resolution slamming the Bill

and said it had no purposeful meaning while

Blacks were excluded.

CSO: 3400/1825

79
SASOL AFTERTAX PROFITS REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 83 p 29

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

SASOL'S group net

profit after tax was

R232 226 000 for the

year ended June 25

1983, it was announced

last night. For the year

ended June 26,1982 it

was RW9 670 000, an

increase this year of

«32 556 000.

Earnings per share

attributable to shareholders of Sasol Ltd was 61,9c

(53,2) and dividend per

share 28c (24c).

Profit before tax was

R388 177 000 (R347-

773 000).

Net profit of Sasol Two

and Sasol Three for the

financial year amounted

to R196,3-million and

R100- million respectively.

Sasol Two declared a final dividend of R30-million, bringing the total for

the year to R50-milli6n,

R25-million of which is

attributable to Sasol

Limited.

Sasol Three declared a

maiden dividend of R20-

million, R10-million of

which is attributable to

Sasol Limited.

It was considered advisable to maintain a judicious policy regarding the

dividends of Sasol Two

and Sasol Three, especially in view of the acqui-

\ sition of the remaining interest in Sasol Two.

A full report on the activities of the Sasol group

will be contained in the

chairman's review and directors' report which will

be publihed towards the

end ofSeptember.

A final dividend of 15c

per share (1982 — 13c)

has been declared in respect of the financial year

ended 25 June 1983 bringing the total for the year

to 28c (1982—24c).

This dividend is payable to shareholders

registered in the books of

' the company at the close

of business on Friday,

September 1983. Dividend cheques in payment

of this dividend will be

posted on or about October 14.

Notice of any change of

address of shareholders

must reach the transfer

secretaries,. Central

Registrars Limited, PO

Box 4844, Johannesburg

2000 on or before September 16.

In terms of the Income

Tax Act, tax at the rate of

15 percent will be deducted from dividends

payable to shareholders

whose registered addresses are outside the

Republic ofSouth Africa.

Shareholders of Sasol

Limited are referred to

the prospectuses issued

by Sasol Limited in 1979,

which provided for the

possible acquisition by

Sasol Limited in due

1 course^ of the interest

< held by the IDC/Konoil

(a wholly-owned subsidiary of the IDC) in Sasol

Two.

Sasol Limited is of the

opinion that the acquisition by Sasol Limited of

the interst of the IDC/Konoil in Sasol Two should

be considered at this

stage.

Discussions between

Sasol Limited and all

other parties concerned

have commenced with a

view to such acquisition,

in accordance with the

mechanisms and conditions provided for in the

prospectuses of 1979.

Meanwhile, shareholders are advised to exercise

caution when dealing in

their Sasol shares until

the discussions have been

finalised.

A further announcement will be made as soon

as possible, says the report.

CSO: 3400/1825

80
DURBAN SURVEY ON INTEGRATION CREATES UPROAR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Aug 83 p 14

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

Durban. — A survey

to be conducted by the

PFP-dominated Durban City Council on integrating all beaches

north of West Street

has enraged conservative councillors and the

Civic Action League,

with the league calling

for the Mayor of Durban, Mrs Sybil Hotz,

to resign unless a public PFP apology is

made.

News of the survey, to

be conducted by Professor Lawrence Schlemmer,

of the University of Natal, was released at the

weekend when a Durban

newspaper reported that

the council would probably try to integrate all

beaches north of West

Street.

According to conservative councillors PFP

members of the council

were jumped the gun on

the outcome of the survey. The conservatives

say they will call on the

Government to halt the

PFP's beach integration

moves.

The Civic Action

League also slammed the

survey. The chairman of

the league, Mr Brendan

Willmer said: "Progs in

the council are now interfering in affairs over

which they have no jurisdiction whatsoever, like

mixed schools."

Councillor Henry

Klotz, who represents a

ratepayer board on the

beachfront, said the mind

"boggled" at the "impertinance" of the Progdominated council.

He said PFP members

were answerable to the

laws of the land and that

conservative councillors

would not be "bulldozed".

He claimed that only

the council's Management Committee (Manco) had been informed of

questions in the survey.

He said this highlighted

Manco's "arrogance and

dictatorial attitude towardsratepayers.

i He hit out at Mr Donald Smith, acting chairman of Manco last week,

for predicting the outcome ofthe survey.

The Mayor of Durban,

Mrs Sybil Hotz emphasised that she left the

Manco meeting early.

News ofthe survey leaked

out after her departure and she did not want

to comment on^it, except

to say its purpose" was

merely to gauge feelings

on a wide range of subjects.

Prof Schlemmer confirmed yesterday that

questionnaires would go

to all race groups and

tourists.

The survey would be

much broader than the

Randburg one, conducted

by the Human Science

Research Council, which

revealed that majority of

Whites and Blacks favoured multiracial amenities.

CSO: 3400/1825

81
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW MILITARY CHIEF—The appointment of Major-General Charles Lloyd, Commander

of the South West Africa Teritorial Forces, as general in charge of the

northern Transvaal command at Pietersburg, might indicate that a thrust by

the African National Congress could be launched from neighbouring Zimbabwe.

Gen Lloyd, former OC of Natal Command and the man who entrenched the SWA territorial forces' position, has been appointed OC of the northern Transvaal

Command, which will be moving his headquarters to Pietersburg later this

year. Gen Lloyd's appointment is believed to be an indication of how serious

the threat from across the border is believed to be. The Minister of Defence,

Gen Magnus Nalan, announced in Parliament earlier this week that the old

northern Transvaal Command had been split into three new divisions. A new

eastern Transvaal Command with its headquarters at Nelspruit, a new Pretoria

Command with its headquarters in Pretoria, and the new northern Transvaal

Command with its headquarters in Pietersburg, will officially start operating

later this year. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 19 Aug 83

P 4]

WITS STUDENTS HELD—Three students at the University of the Witwatersrand and

a teacher have been detained by the Security Police and are being held under

Section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Those detained are Mr Daryl Glaser,

who is studying for a master's degree in the department of sociology; Mr Karel

Niehaus, a third-year BA student; Mr Robert Whitecross, a second-year B Comm

student; and a teacher, Miss Jansie Lourens. Earlier this year six students

were detained, but were later released. The university has made "an earnest

call" on the authorities to refrain from actions "of this kind". "This university has frequently placed on record its opposition in principle of arbitrary

arrest and interrogation, detention without trial, bannings, and other extralevel administrative forms of interference with personal liberty," a university

spokesman said yesterday. Security Police headquarters in Pretoria yesterday

confirmed that the four people were being held in terms of Section 29 of the

Internal Security Act, which allows lengthy periods of detention of individuals

without the matter being brought to court. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 26 Aug 83 p 14]

NO SARB COLOR BAR—Cape Town.—The SA Rugby Board has no colour bar, the president of the SA Rugby Federation, Mr Cuthbert Loriston, told journalists at the

international media congress yesterday. "I am a member of the executive of

the board and no decoration. Likewise Mr Dougie Dyers is a member of the

82
"selection panel and no decoration," Mr Loriston said. Both he and Mr Dyers

were working members of the SA Rugby Board and had not been elected for

cosmetic purposes. He said the colour bar played no role in selectin national

teams and teams were selected on merit and merit only. In his view the

Gleneagles Agreement was being used as a smokescreen to perform a political

exercise against South Africa and it did not belong at all in rugby. Mr

Loriston said the most important thing which had happened to the federation

was that "our children under 13 and under 17 may now play in competitions

organised by South African Schools Sports Union to which our children have

just become affiliated".—Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

23 Aug 83 p 11]

TES REJECTS 'MILITANT* LABEL—The President of the Transvaal Educators Society,

(TES), Mr John Lambson yesterday criticised the head of the Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging (TO), Professor Hennie Maree for what he claims are "inaccurate"

comments. "The TES finds it difficult to understand Prof Maree's comments in

The Citizen on Monday, in which he criticises our society for advocating what

he himself recommends," said Mr Lambson. This was the establishment of an

independant conciliation board which would arbitrate on requests for salary

increases for teachers should they be refused by the Ministers, he said. "The

TES has stated clearly that, like the TO, it is strongly opposed to any form

of strike action. For the TO to describe the TES as militant and radical is

unfair and grossly inaccurate. He said Prof Maree and the chairman of the

Federal Council, Mr John Stonier, were contradicting each other about facets

of trade unionism. "If the TES helps to accelerate the achievement of what

it and Prof Maree advocate—that is an independent arbitration board—our

society is justifying its existence, whether it is recognised or not," he said.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Aug 83 p 8]

SPORTS POLICY HIT—Cape Town.—Sport in South Africa takes the attention of

Non-White workers away from dehumanising conditions and issues which could

seriously challenge the social system, the conference of the South African

Council on Sport has been told. Mr Derek Naidoo said in a paper that, in the

South African context, sport was an instrument of oppression and exploitation.

"Amidst the misery of township life and compound conditions, playing sport

becomes a means of maintaining a stable and passive workforce." He said the

biggest fear of the "bosses" was the development of a united labour movement,

so industrial sports leagues were set up to encourage "hostile competition"

and rivalry among workers. An executive member of Sacos called for strategies

to resist the control of sports facilities by "dummy councils". Mr Colin

Clark said: "Because of the refusal of non-racial clubs to share facilities

with a small minority of oppressed sports-people who succumbed to multinationalism, local authorities are empowered to terminate leases of non-racial

sports board and to hand control over to dummy councils." He said it was the

task of non-racial sport to: Break down racial prejudice and "separatist and

elitist attitudes." Form alliances and consult progressive trade unions

and "organisations of the oppressed and exploited". Educate sports people in

democratic, non-racial and anti-racists values and in the attitudes and aspirations of the Non-White working class. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in

English 23 Aug 83 p 11]

83
ANGRY MOSLEMS DEMAND APOLOGY—Cape Town.—Angry Moslems here are demanding

an apology over a statement by Dr F A H van Staden (CP Koedoepoort) that

Moslems do not believe in an Almighty God. Dr van Staden had proposed in

Parliament an amendment to a Constitution Bill clause reading: "The people

of the Republic of South Africa acknowledge the sovereignty and guidance of

Almighty God". He suggested this be changed to: "The people of the Republic

of South Africa acknowledge the sovereignty and guidance of the Holy Trinity",

as some South Africans did not "acknowledge or accept the Almighty God".

He said that while 68 percent of the Indian population maintained the Hindu

faith, which left no room for the acceptance of the Biblical Almighty God,

22 percent of the people were Islamic and the Allah of their faith and the

God of the Bible were not the same. Mr Hassan Khan, president of the AlJihaad Islamic movement said: "I, and Moslems in general, view with concern

and dissatisfaction the statement made by Dr van Staden to say Moslems in South

Africa did not believe in the "Almighty God", he said. [Text] [Johannesburg

THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 83 p 9]

PROTEA PROFITS LEAP—Tighter management controls and a small underwriting

profit helped Protea Assurance achieve a massive increase in taxed profits in

the June half-year. Bottom-line profits jumped to Rl 926 899 from R429 202—

a rise of nearly 350%. However, interim dividend is unchanged at 3,5c. The

managing director of Prosure, Mr Tony Crank, attributes the better-thanexpected result of an improved underwriting performance and to monitoring

systems implemented by the company." It is the first time in four years the

underwriting division has recorded a profit. "At the same time we have made

an all-out effort to contain expenses. Despite a 26% growth in income and an

inflation rate of around 14%, our management expenses are running at the same

level as last year." Investment income was about the same as in 1982. Mr

Crank is cautious about prospects for the second six months: "Because of the

uncertain nature and vulnerability of the short-term market, it is difficult

to predict what will happen in the coming months." There is still a lot of

premium undercutting and new "growth in the market is minimal. "With the

market unstable, the board felt it would be unwise to increase the dividend.

If the improved underwriting returns continue through the year, we will review our dividend policy." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English

13 Aug 83 p 11]

CSO: 3400/1825

84
SWAZILAND

PRIME MINISTER WARNS CIVIL SERVANTS OVER DISPUTE

MB310530 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 31 Aug 83 p 1

[By Mashumi Twala]

[Text] The prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi, has warned civil servants to keep

away from matters concerning royalty and the elders of the nation.

He declared that any government employee who is trying to involve himself in

such affairs or "is producing defamatory pamphlets against the elders of the

nation shall, if found, be dealt with severely."

This warning is contained in a circular issue to all ministries and departments

by the director of personnel management and head of the Civil Service, Mr

Shadrack Sibanyoni.

Mr Sibanyoni states: "His excellency, the honorable prime minister has directed

that the contents of this circular memorandum should be circulated urgently to

all officers serving in your ministery or department."

In the statement, Prince Bhekimpi says all members of the public service are

expected to be loyal and owe allegiance to the government of the day and not

to do anything by word or deed which is calculated to undermine the integrity

of government.

He urged heads of departments: "If it comes to your attention that officers

in your ministry or department are involved in acts which are calculated to

bring the name of government into disrepute, such officers should be dealt with

in accordance with the official Secrets Act No 30 of 1968."

He further said: "It is a fundamental importance that the impartiality of the

public service should be maintained so that the service may enjoy the confidence

of the public it serves and the elders of the nation."

The circular concludes by saying: "Government takes the strongest exception

to those members of the public service who have taken it upon themselves to

desert their offices during official working hours in order to attend court

cases."

85
Early this week, Prince Bhekimpi appealed to the nation not to involve itself

in the present matters affecting the royal family and the elders of the

nation.

He urged the nation to remain calm.

CSO: 3400/1843

86
SWAZILAND

SECRET ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIP SAID REASON FOR DETENTION

MB010606 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 1 Sep' 83 pp 1, 20

[Text] The government claimed yesterday that there is a secret underground

organisation whose operations are a threat to the security of the state.

Making the announcement, Justice Minister Dr Polycarp Dlamini alleged that

detained ex-Judge Douglas Lukhele was a member of the organisation.

Dr Dlamini claimed that his membership of the alleged secret organisation was

the reason for his detention. Dr Dlamini was addressing members of the legal

profession in Mbabane in the Town Council hall. He had called the meeting to

address lawyers on Mr Lukhele's detention under the 60 days without trial

decree.

Dr Dlamini said Mr Lukhele's detention had nothing to do with his professional

activities. He also said that his representation of the deposed regent when

she challenged her removal was not the reason as some people suspect.

Addressing the meeting, Dr Dlamini said: "Certain events have happened in the

country and are happening which necessitates government to address you.

I refer to a recent High Court case which never was and the detentions which

occurred with immediately before and immediately after.

"It has come to the government's notice that the public is getting confused

on what is going on. I don't blame them. If you are not inside, you don't know

what really is going on.

"I have been instructed by the prime minister to address you and give you an

opportunity to ask questions.

I have brought with me some important people who will assist to answer some of

your questions."

He was referring to the Indvuna of the Tinkhundla, [head of electoral college]

Mr Mndeni Shabalala and Senator Mabalizandla Nhlabatsi.

"He (Shabalala) is the unofficial Minister of Constitutional Affiars. I say

unofficial because it has not been proclaimed, but in reality he is.

87
"It has come to our notice that some of you feel that attorney Lukhele was

detained because he represented the applicant in the High Court, where there was

dispute over the regency.

"I;tell you with full authority that it was not so. Lukhele I am sorry to

speak about my brother who is not here was detained for matters other than

the case.

"Government has information that he is a member of an under-ground movement

whose activities are inimical to state security."

He continued: "I want members of the profession to know that it is not government's intention to interfere in your day to day professional activities. Go

about your professional work as if nothing has happened.

"The second matter I would like to address you about is the case itself where

the regent was disputing certain decisions. I am going to deal with one aspect

where, I Minister Polycarp has been cited as having interfered.

"This pains me. Their lordships asked for and got a meeting with me. This was

at their own request. When they came I asked them not to involve me, nor the

head of state in the discharge of their duty.

"They said they had come to seek a private opinion, because they were not well

informed about these things.

"They said they had prepared a judgment. They said here is a decree which

sought to prevent them. I said but why me, they should refer to the decree.

They asked me what I would do and I said if I were a judge I would read the

law.

"Our duty as attornies and judges is to interpret the law. I have reason to

believe that some laws are perhaps harsh, and some of them, not referring to

Swaziland are unjust. It is unfortunate that sometimes we have to interpret

unj us t laws.

"This particular one precluded the court from pronouncing in this matter in

any way. I did not tell the court what to do nor did I summon them. I never

advised the court, I advised persons. Referring to the decree should have

been sufficient.

"It is not government intention to interfere with the judiciary. They still

enjoy the confidence of her majesty's government."

Asked about the reason for the other detentions, Dr Dlamini said: "I don't

have information about the other detainees. It is in the nature of all state

security matters that we don't know and we never will."

Another attorney told Dr Dlamini that it was important that other attornies

should see him in detention so that he can instruct them what to do with his

clients.

88
Another attorney said: "In principle as lawyers we are opposed to detention

without trial. Can the minister assure us that there will be charges and a

trial?"

He replied: "I know that as humans we don't like people being detained. But

I can't answer your question—anything can happen, they may be released

tomorrow, for all I know."

Another lawyer asked: "Can we take your work that it is government policy not

to interfere with the judiciary."

He replied: "It is government policy I repeat."

The president of the Swaziland Law Society, Mr R. D. Frielander welcomed the

assurance.

CSO: 3400/1843

89
SWAZILAND

PAPER COMMENTS ON COUNTRY'S IMAGE ABROAD

MB010956 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 1 Sep 83 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text] A few months ago some people made derogatory remarks about Swaziland

and its people. The remarks raised a hue and cry in our society because the

language and terminology used really downgraded the Swazis.

Today those people, wherever they may be, are wining and dining celebrating

about what is going [on] in our country. We could not even be surprised if

the same people do not feed the outside world about the current developments

in this country.

A good number of Swazis have no access to newspapers from other countries and

what they say and how they interpret the events in Swaziland. As a result of

the bad publicity we receive from abroad, too much damage has already been

caused and our good name and reputation as a stable country capable of attracting investors and aid donors has now been destroyed in no time by the kind of

publicity we get from outside.

Our hope, of course, is that governments of some friendly countries will not

be taken in by the distorted facts. Many of them have direct diplomatic representation in Swaziland and are in a position ot make an objective analysis of

our situation:otherwise we shall find ourselves commiting economical suicide

when aid won't be coming.

On the other hand, this is not to say, as already pointed out, that all is well

with us. We can have differences here and there but that does not mean that

we are on the verge of collapse.

What we are against is a subjective wholesale condemnation of the country

without taking into account the genuine efforts being made by elders to find

solutions to our problems.

But the damage, however small, has already tarnished the good name of Swaziland

which worldwide was a special pearl because of what the dynamic King Sobhuza

II did and achieved in terms of peace and stability.

But all hope is not lost and the best thing that can be done now is for our

fathers (elders) to iron out their differences and shame the doubting Thomases

who have always looked for trouble in Swaziland.

In the name of the Almighty God let peace and love prevail.

CSO: 3400/1843

90
SWAZILAND

EDITORIAL CRITICIZES 'PAMPHLETS,' POWER-SEEKING

MB180946 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 18 Aug 83 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text] Power is sweet and corrupts. People can do all sorts of chicaneries

just to assume power and satisfy their personal aggrandisement. Of late

there has been a lot of underground activities reminiscent of the Solidarity

movement in Poland.

This copycat idea will lead us to a situation where we will regret at the

end. We deplore the anonymous pamphlets which are being distributed under

the cover of darkness. People behind such literature have no courage to

come out in the open.

The Prime Minister yesterday warned against such pamphlets and the people

behind them are now hell-bent at causing chaos and turmoil in the country.

We in Swaziland should realise that we are part of the international community and that we have a major role to play, notwithstanding our size.

We are even in a position sometimes to say and do things which some of the

biggest countries cannot do because of the international forces at work.

But with the modus operandi, we seem now to be getting into a very difficult

area of analysis, probably an area where one could not make the case positively one way or the other.

What has gone wrong with us? Are we losing direction and a sense of

responsibility?

The dirty tricks being applied by a few disgruntled men does not augur well

for a peaceful nation like Swaziland. The confusionists should be found at

all costs and be brought to book.

We call on the public not to fall prey to the activities of these

miscreants and their minions who want to impose the divide-and-rule system.

Let members of the public treat the pamphlets with the contempt they deserve.

Maybe since Swazis are always a peaceful people they should treat such confusionists with a Christian charity and say: "God forgive them for they know

what they are doing." [as published]

CSO: 3400/1806 91
SWAZILAND

SWAZI ENVOY TO UK SCORES BRITISH PRESS COVERAGE

MB171708 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 17 Aug 83 pp 1, 9

[From Arnold Raphael, London]

[Text] The Swaziland High Commission in London yesterday took strong

exception to British press coverage of recent events in Mbabane.

A spokesman said that reports were a complete distortion of issues concerning the Royal Family, and the government. "The British people are

being seriously misled by the media's use of such labels as 'modernist'

and 'traditionalist' to describe key political personalities."

The trouble was, the spokesman added, that much of the reporting came

through South Africa, and it was well-known that the South African press

was biased against Swaziland, particularly over the proposed land deal.

The spokesman confirmed that Prince Makhosetive, heir to the Swazi throne,

who is at school in Britain, will be spending the summer holidays at home,

but declined to say when he was leaving or whether he had already left for

Mbabane.

There was a security blackout on the prince's movements, the spokesman said.

THE GUARDIAN newspaper supported the High Commission's protest by adding

that the dispute had been wrongly presented overseas as between modernists

and traditionalists.

Meanwhile, the acting Swaziland High Commissioner has denied press reports

emanating from South Africa that a Swazi delegation had flown to London to

arrange Prince Makhosetive's flight home.

"I have got no knowledge of such a delegation," he emphasised.

According to our correspondent in London, Whitehall is closely following the

Mbabane developments, but has no direct interest in the future King's travel

or other arrangements other than to ensure that a watchful eye is kept on

him at his school.

CSO: 3400/1806

92
TANZANIA

MINISTER EXPRESSES SATISFACTION WITH GOODS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Aug 83 p 3

[Text] The Ministry of Trade has expressed satisfaction with the distribution

system of essential goods in the country and pledged to strengthen it further.

The Minister for Trade, Ndugu Mustafa Nyang'anyi, said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the monitoring process of distribution of essential goods in the regions had shown a remarkable level of success. The problem, he said, was that

available commodities could not satisfy demand.

He pointed out that the little that was being produced by the industries was

being distributed evenly and "we are trying to make sure that it reaches the

people."

Ndugu Nyan'ganyi explained that the feedback the Ministry was receiving every

second week of the month on the distribution of essential goods from every

region was satisfactory.

The monitoring of the distribution of essential commodities in the regions began in earnest early this year as stipulated in the internal trade policy.

The Ministry received monthly distribution reports from the regional trade

officers, indicating the amount of goods each region received in a given month

and how the goods were distributed to the districts.

He said the Ministry received reports from manufacturers on how goods were

distributed to the Regional Trading Companies (RTC's).

The TRC's submitted reports to the Board of Internal Trade (BIT) on how the

goods were distributed to the districts and these reports were later sent to

the Ministry of Trade for comparison, Ndugu Nyang'anyi explained.

"Any discrepancies are reported to the Commissioner for Internal Trade," he

said.

Ndugu Nyan'ganyi said that the anomalies found in the distrib ution system

were analysed monthly and corrective measures taken.

93
The monthly meetings also reviewed the progress made in distribution of essential goods in the country and the general trend of availability of goods

to the people, he added.

Ndugu Nyan'ganyi pointed out that before introduction of the monitoring

system, the situation was chaotic and it was difficult to know whether a certain

consignment destined for a particular region had reached the destination.

CSO: 3400/1822

94
TANZANIA

ULANGA DISTRICT COTTON STRANDED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Aug 83 p 3

[Text] A total of 1,074,532 kilogrammes of cotton is stranded in villages

of Ulanga District, Morogoro Region, for lack of transport.

An inspection tour by Morogoro Regional Party and government leaders led by

the Regional Party Chairman, Ndugu Isaack Mwiosongo, has revealed that most

of the villages were in Mwaya Division with 847,348 kilogrammes lying in godowns .

Villages in Malinyi and Mtimbira divisions have a total of 227,174 kilogrammes

in their gödowns.

Although the Tanzania Cotton Authority has mobilised lorries to move the cotton, the bad state of roads in the district makes it impossible for vehicles

to reach the villages.

The regional leaders who also included the Party Regional Secretary, Ndugu

Nicodemus Banduka, a NEC member, Ndugu Shaweji Abdallah and the Regional

Commissioner, Ndugu Chriusant Mzindakaya, assured the villagers that the

stranded cotton would be moved within the next four weeks.

The region has already mobilised road building equipment to rehabilitate

roads leading to cotton producing villages in Ulanga District.

CSO: 3400/1822

95
TANZANIA

ONE HUNDRED AND TEN PERCENT INCREASE IN FEED PRICES REPORTEDLY REALISTIC

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Aug 83 p 1

[Article by Musa Lupatu]

[Excerpt] Animal feed prices which came into effect last Thursday have been

described as realistic and that they take into account the production costs

of poultry keepers and the Tanzania Animal Feeds Company (TAFCO).

The Minister for Livestock Development, Ndugu Herman Kirigini, told a press

conference in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the 110 per cent increase on

chicken and animal feed prices was realistic as it offered poultry keepers a

reasonable profit margin.

Ndugu Kirigini was responding to complaints and press reports that the new

prices were unrealistic and would lead to an unprecedented slump in the

poultry industry.

He said the new prices guaranteed them a 15 per cent profit margin while

TAFCO would have to make do with a five per cent margin.

The Minister said in relation to the feeds prices, raw materials would contribute 93 per cent of the company's operational costs.

For example, he said, a poultry keeper with a flock of 300 broilers would incur a basic cost of 15,000/- in eight weeks. This, he pointed out, would

have included the purchase of feeds, medicines and paid labour, if any.

Allowing for a 10 per cent mortality rate, he said, a poultry keeper who;would

sell a chicken at 100/- would realise a net profit of 12,000/- which was about

100 per cent.

The Minister dismissed the complaints as emanating from speculators intent on

retaining super profits at the expense of the majority of consumers.

He called on the public to resist any new poultry meat and egg prices that

might be forced upon them by poultry keepers on the pretext that prices on

animal feeds had been hiked. "The Government expects consumers will refuse

price increase on poultry products," he added.

96
Callers to the DAILY NEWS had wanted to know the rationale behind the new

prices and why they had not been publicly announced. Others questioned what

they call the 'untimely' creation of TAFCO.

But others were of the view that poultry keepers should be able to cope with

the new prices because their incomes went untaxed.

Ndugu Kirigini said since prices of feeds were last reviewed in 1980, prices

of raw materials, mainly cereals, animal proteins and minerals have been increasing at an average rate annual of 70 per cent.

TAFCO assumed responsibility for the production of animal feeds from the

National Milling Corporation (NMC) on August 1, this year, prices for its

products were increased two days later.

The Minister said, the new prices were in fact to have become effective on

July 8, but the Government needed time to study the costings of various ingredients and ensure that the prices were within realistic ranges.

Defending the new prices, Ndugu Kirigini said under the NMC, the mill was

making a loss of between 45m/- and 50m/- per year, but that it was being offset by other NMC operations and by an annual Government subsidy.

It was, therefore, imperative that the situation be reviewed in order for the

company to operate economically and on a commercial basis.

CSO: 3400/1822

97
TANZANIA

TANESCO DIRECTOR DISCUSSES COMPANY'S DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Aug 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text] The Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO) plans to work on new

and ongoing projects this financial year at a total cost of 4,250 m/- on

completion.

TANESCO Managing Director, Ndugu Sylivester Mosha said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the development plan would include extension of the national power

grid and feasibility studies of hydro-power potential in three rivers.

He explained that 70 per cent of the financial input would be in foreign

currency. Some 320.6m/- of the total input would be utilized during 1983-84,

he said.

Addressing a seminar for members of the TANESCO Master Workers' Council, Ndugu

Mosha said the projects would include Mtera power station, supply of power to

Müfindi and Mbeya towns and extension of the national grid of Iringa, Dodoma

and Singida regions.

The company would also develop small hydro-power projects in Kigoma, Rukwa,

and Ruvuma regions, he said. Diesel power stations in Lindi, Singida, Bukoba,

Kigoma, Shinyanga and Mpwapwa would be expanded during the year.

The Managing Director said construction of the Dodoma, Tabora and Mbeya

power stations would be completed. Other projects are the Kilimanjaro power

supply scheme, construction of a workshop at übungo in Dar es Salaam and

transmission of electricity to Newala, Masasi and Nachingwea districts.

Ndugu Mosha said the company would carry out feasibility studies on Ruhuhu,

Rumakali and Malagarasi rivers believed to have potential to generate over

600 megawatts of hydro-power collectively.

CSO: 3400/1822

98
TANZANIA

OBSTACLES TO DEVELOPMENT OF REPORTEDLY ABUNDANT RESOURCES

East Burnham ARABIA THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW in English No 24,Aug 83 pp 56-57

[Text]

One of the world's poorest

countries in terms of per

capita income, Tanzania has

abundant natural resources

which it should exploit

0Lying in East Africa between

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zaire,

Uganda, Kenya and the Indian Ocean,

Tanzania has an area of 945,000 sq km. It has a

population now nearing 20 million with an

annual growth rate of 3.3 per cent. The urban

population numbers only 1.65 million, of

which more than halflive in Dar-es-Salaam. In

1980 the GDP was $4.3bn, corresponding to a

per capita income of $240, which makes

Tanzania one of the poorest countries in the

world. The inflation rate is very high with the

consumer price index increasing at an annual

rate of 30 per cent, and there was a trade deficit

of $500m at the beginning of 1983. However,

Tanzania's natural resource potential is not

insignificant.

It is estimated that 65 per cent of the total

area is suitable for agriculture, but at the

moment only 5.1 per cent of that area is used

for farming. The major reasons for this low

utilisation of land are inadequate rainfall,

insufficient irrigation and the effect of the

tsetse fly, as well as poor communications.

The main food crops.are maize, sorghum,

rice, millet, bananas, cassava and wheat. Cash

crops consist of cotton, coffee, sisal, tea,

tobacco, pyrethrum, groundnuts and cashew

nuts. Pemba cloves and coconuts are the major

cash crops of the Zanzibar islands.

Between 1972 and 1980 agricultural

production dwindled gradually. An Unido

study revealed that policy and management

problems were the main impediments to

increased grain production. In 1972-73 just

over 100,000 tonnes of maize were bought

from the agricultural cooperatives. Two years

later the figure went down to nearly 25,000

tonnes. However, in 1978-79 this figure soared

to 222,000 tonnes, said to be due, probably, to

the better price policy of the National Milling

Company which took over purchases from the

cooperatives. The subsequent fall in maize

production is said to be due to the weather.

Similarly, paddy rice purchases fell from

73,000 tonnes in 1972-73 to around 30,000

tonnes in 1979-80 and wheat purchases went

down from 47,000 tonnes in 1972-73 to about

27,000 tonnes in 1979-80. The reasons put

forward by the Tanzanian authorities are the

unavailability of replacement farm machinery

as well as the lack of agricultural chemicals,

because of a shortage of foreign exchange.

However, independent analysts believe this

deterioration is due to the inadequate prices

and procurement system offered to growers by

the state.

Irrigated agriculture has been practised for a

long time in the Arusha and Kilimanjaro

regions with the use of small dams and wells.

But recently the government started several

new test schemes in different parts of the

country where experimental crops are grown,

to assess the agricultural viability of these

areas. The largest project is at Mbarali on the

Usangu plains. Irrigation in these projects is

possible owing to the Rufiji, the Kilombero

and the Pangani rivers.

99
Animal resources are abundant - Tanzania

is among the three most important exporters of

cattle hides in Africa and among the four chief

skin exporters. Most of the cattle are the small

Zebu type, poor in milk and meat. They have

an offtake rate of 10 per cent, a calfing rate of

nearly 50 per cent, a calf mortality rate of 20

per cent and an adult mortality rate of 10 per

cent, which make herd productivity extremely

low. Moreover, the presence of tsetse flies in

many parts of the western regions hampers

animal farming. Only one large meat factory

was operating in 1981, while two others under

construction were nearing completion.

Furthermore, three modern tanneries and one

large shoe factory were in operation for the

domestic market.

Fish is another important source of income.

Nearly 80 per cent of the catch comes from the

fresh waters of Lake Tanganyika (the largest

reserve), Lake Nyasa and Lake Rukwa, as well

as from several rivers and dams. In 1978 the

number of fishermen fell to 43,000, as opposed

to 51,000 in 1971, and the fishing fleet

numbered 16,000 vessels. It has been

estimated that, with proper means and

adequate management, Tanzania could lift up

to half a million tonnes of fish per year from the

Tanganyika Lake alone, without any danger of

over-fishing. This natural resource has been

grossly under-utilised as a source offood and in

the development of a wide range of fish-related

industries. Two years ago there were only two

fish-net factories. Fish industries, if developed,

could become a major source of foreign

exchange earnings.

A further natural resource is wood - about

43 per cent of the total land is classified as

forest. Some 40 per cent of the area is covered

by 'V dry miombo type of forest with very

little stock and low density of commercial

stock. Out of the total, in 1978 only 55,000

hectares were plantations, consisting of 50,000

hectares of soft wood and 5,000 hectares of

hard wood. However, in 1980 forest

plantations were estimated to cover 70,000

hectares.

Nevertheless, no real forest inventory study

covering the whole country has been carried

out so far. At present about 5,000 hectares are

planted each year with a planting target of

20,000 hectares per annum by the year 2000.

Emphasis is put on soft wood plantations which

are quick to grow and are suitable for paper

production and fuel. According to the Unido

study, 95 per cent of all wood exploited is fuel

wood. The country's saw-milling capacity in

1981 was estimated at 250,000 cubic metres,

with 105,000 cubic metres coming under the

para-statal company Twico, and the rest going

to the large number ofprivate but small and illequipped mills. Inadequate log supply, wornout machinery, lack of spare parts and

transport problems have seriously impeded the

wood industry.

Tanzania's most important natural resources

are minerals. Figures from the Ministry of

Mining and the State Mining Corporation

(Stamico) reveal the existence of 45 mineral

ore deposits. While 20 of them have been

explored, other ores remain untapped

although exploited on a small scale. Among

the known and proven minerals, diamonds are

the most important, with reserves estimated at

2.5m tonnes. Income from diamonds exceeds

30 per cent of the total mineral sales, with

Mwadui as the only operating diamond mine.

With 800,000 tonnes and a large potential for

more reserves, gold is exploited by the State

Mining Corporation (Stamico) at Lupa, and

two other gold mines were to start operating in

1981. Salt production has remained constant

during the last decade or so, fluctuating at

around 40,000 tonnes per year. Half of the

total production is controlled by Stamico. Salt

reserves are thought to be 60,000 tonnes per

annum for 20 years. Another mineral exploited

is gypsum, with reserves of 2.6m tonnes. Its

exploitation has fluctuated over the years with

the highest, 57,000 tonnes, in 1976 and the

lowest production ofjust under 8,000 tonnes in

1977.

Other important minerals with proven

reserves are iron ore (45m tonnes), coal (324m

tonnes), phosphate (2.5m tonnes) and lime

and limestone which exist in vast quantities.

While uranium deposits were being

investigated, such important ores as wolfram,

sapphire, zircon, emerald and so on remain

unexplored.

The Tanzanian government refuses to

export raw minerals. The authorities give

priority to the development of minerals used

by the basic local industries, like limestone,

clays and sands, to foreign exchange earners or

savers like diamonds or gold, and to coal as a

fuel substitute to oil.

Basic geological surveys and research have

been entrusted to the Geology and Mines

Division which implements mining laws and

regulations and advises the government on

mineral development policy and geological

research in general. The State Mining

Corporation is in charge of potential mineral

areas and of the manufacturing and marketing

of various mineral products. The Tanzanian

Petroleum Development Corporation takes

care of hydrocarbons and their marketing.

In March 1981 projects for exploitation by

Stamico included a further three gold mines.

One phosphates, one salt and one gem-stone

mine were under implementation. At the same

100
time other coal, iron, kaolin and gypsum

extraction projects were being studied.

In the energy field, Tanzania is endowed

with very little gas and oil. Coal, and above all,

water constitute the main natural energy

resources. The country imports the bulk of its

crude oil which nevertheless is refined locally,

although some refined products are also

imported. In 1979 total oil imports reached

571,000 tonnes and 278,000 tonnes in terms of

refined products. This was below the countrys

requirements and suggestions were made to

extend the existing Tanzanian and Italian

Petroleum Refinery which in 1979 produced

439,000 tonnes of refined products, amounting

to around 62 per cent .of Tanzania's total

consumption.

To meet the rest ofits needs, other proposals

were to produce synthetic oil from coal and

also to extract power alcohol from molasses,

which can be used as a partial substitute for

petrol. The only gas deposit confirmed lies in

the Songo-Songo island along the southern

coast of the country. Reserves amount to the

equivalent of 1,865 tonnes of coal, but further

exploration is planned.

Charcoal and firewood represent the fuel

source for almost 100 per cent of Tanzania's

population. While in urban areas charcoal

wood is turned into charcoal, in rural areas

wood is used mainly as firewood. Tanzanian

estimates show that 95 per cent ofthe country's

wood consumption is for fuel only.

Another natural source of life and energy

which has not been used adequately is water,

which exists abundantly in Tanzania in the

form of lakes and rivers -let alone sea water.

Several agricultural projects have used river

water for irrigation, but up to 1976 hydroelectric power represented around 30 per cent

of the country's electricity production. It was

not until Phase I and II of the Kidatu project

were completed that the balance shifted from

thermal energy to hydro-electricity. In 1981

the installed capacity of Tanzania's power

plants was nearing 369 mW, 280 mW of which

were produced by hydro-electric power

stations.

However, this output was becoming

insufficient as a result of increased domestic

and industrial demand. Estimates for hydroelectric power production potentials in 1981

ranged very widely according to the source of

the figures, but Unido experts believe the total

potential of hydro-electrical energy to be

considerable. A Unido survey estimates it at

around 4,000 mW, with the bulk of the

potential lying in the Rufiji River.

Nyerere's economic strategy and his

excessive state control have generated

bureaucratic hindrance to natural resource

development. There exists widespread

inefficiency due to the lack of incentives,

centralisation and lack of spare parts for the

machinery at all levels, and large foreign debts

which now total $2.5bn. Despite being one of

the highest aid recipients in the world,

Tanzania has not been able to complete many

major projects. Pressures from such western

financial institutions as the IMFand the World

Bank has increased. The Tanzanian

government is, at the moment, struggling to

remain solvent. This situation is not likely to

change unless Julius Nyerere changes his

economic strategy substantially.

CSO: 3400/1821

101
UNIDO TO SUBMIT FINDINGS ON PROPOSED ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POLICY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Aug 83 p 1

[Text]

TANZANIA

THE United Nations Industrial

Development Organisation

(UNIDO) will, in two months'

time, submit its findings on the

proposed formation of a

comprehensive national policy

on the development of the new

and renewable sources of energy

to the Government.

A consultant with UNIDO,

Mr. Gerhardt Gron . ' told ' a

meeting of experts in Dar es

Salaam yesterday that his team

had concluded its two-month

fact finding mission and would

present the report to the

Government after it had been

scrutinized by UNIDO, Shihata

reported.

Mr. Gron. who briefefl the

experts on the success of his

mission, said Tanzania's fuel

wood consumption could be

reduced by half if the present

steel kilns and cooking stoves

were improved or modified. But

this, he said, would depend ion

population growth.

He said Tanzania's fuel wood

consumption at 40 million cubic

metres a year, could rise

drastically by the year 2000. He

said efforts should be takeji to

plant more trees and cut down

fuel wood consumption.

Mr. Gron, from the Danish

Carl Bro International Consulting Engineers and Planners

.Company, recommended the

use of coal in the industrial sector

so as to minimise the use of fuel

wood which he said was in

danger of depletion.

According to the research, the

new type or steel kilns and other

cooking stoves they had

discovered could cut down the

use of fuel wood or charcoal by

half.

The consultancy mission

arrived in the country last June

with the aim of formulating short

and long term strategies and

policy guidelines for the

development of renewable

sources of energy.

It was also assigned to prepare

an appropriate institutional set

up to implement the long and

short term objectives of

renewable energy development

and prepare a draft proposal for

possible follow-up projects to

assist in the co-ordination,

popularisation and use of

renewable sources of energy..

During its two-month stay, the

team visited parastatal organisations, ministries, regions and

institutions and organisations

related to energy.

CSO: 3400/1822

102
GOVERNMENT INCREASES PRICES ON PETROLEUM, ITS PRODUCTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Aug 83 p 1

[Text]

TANZANIA

THE Government has üicreased the retail price of

petrol and petroleum

products by between two and

55 per cent effective yesterday, the Price Commissioner

has said.

In a statement issued in

Dar es Salaam on Tuesday,

the Commissioner stated that

the adjustment was prompted

by "several factors", including

importation of oil on credit,

devaluation of the Tanzani a

Shilling and sales tax rise on

some petroleum products.

The new prices with old

ones in brackets are liquid

petroleum gas — 5/80 per

kilogramme (5/65), super

petrol — 13/15 per litre

(11/55), regular petrol —

10/55 each litre (9/25) and

aviation kerosene — 5/51

(3/55).

Others are illuminating

kerosene which will sell at

5/35 a litre (4/60); diesel at

5/45 (4/55), furnace oil —3/31

02/91) andI industri al diesel oil

which will sell at 5/12 instead

of 3/88.

The statement said the

price of liquid petroleum gas,

illuminating kerosene,, diesel,

furnace oil and industrial

diesel oil would be the same

at all depot centres while

prices for super, regular petrol,

and aviation kerosene will be'

pan-regional.

The upward price adjustment has been attributed

,to importation of oil on credit,

and, the fact that the Government was charged between 7

and 7.5 per cent interest on

the loans.

The 20 per cent devaluation

of the shilling means the

Government had to pay more

money for the same amount of

fuel imported, the statement

'said.

/The devaluation is also

said to have affected costs of

refining crude oil at the Tanzanian and Italian Petroleum

Refining Company (TIPER).

.The price review also considered the increase in the

sales tax for aviation kerosene

by -/50per litre; furnace oil by

-/70 and industrial diesel oil

which is also charged an extra

-/70 per litre.

A spokesman for the Price

Commission clarified yesterday that the impact of the fall

in the crude oil world market

price from about 420/- (35 US

[dollars) to about 360/- (30 US

dollars) per barrel was over-'

shadowed by the other

developments.

"The fall in world market

price of. crude oil could have

been a relief if all other things

were equal", he explained.

Although the new retail

prices of petrol were panregional, they would vary

from place to place depending,

on the distance from the

distributing depot and official

tanker rates, according to the

statement.

For example, super petrol

which should sell at 13/15 a

litre in all regional centres

will cost 13/35 at Chalinze,

15/75 in Mpanda, 13/55 in

Kondoa; 13/40 in Nzega;

13/50 in Maswa and 13/95 per

litre in Kjombe.

Illuminating kerosene sells

!at 5/35 in regional centres but

twill rise to 5/55 per litre at

IChalinze; 7/95 in Mp»nda;

5/75 in Kondoa; 5/&i in

Nzega; 5/70 in Maswa; 6/70 in

Tunduma and 6/15 in

Njombe.

Th" retail price of gas oil

(diesel) fixed' at 5/45 in

regional centres will be 5/70

(per litre at Chalinze; 8/10 in

Mpanda; 5/90 in Kondoa; 6/-

in Shinyanga, 6/10 in

Musoma, 7/- in Songea and

7/30 per litre in Sumbawanga.

CSO: 3400/1822

103
TANZANAIR RESUMES CHARTER SERVICE AFTER THREE-MONTH SUSPENSION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Aug 83 p 3

[Excerpts]

TANZANIA

THE Tanzanian Air Services

Limited (TANZANAIR)

resumed charter services

yesterday morning after a

three-month suspension on

Government orders, it was

learnt in Dar es Salaam.

A spokesman of the company however, did not say

how many planes were

operating. He told the Daily

News that the suspension

had affected them and the

company would "naturally"

need spare parts for a smooth

take off.

The resumption of services

follows a court order which is

understood to have been conveyed to the company on

August 11. The order directed

TANZANAIR to resume its

services "with immediate effect".

The company was ordered

to ground its fleet some three

months ago, but the

spokesman complained that

no reasons were given to substantiate the order.

However, according to the

Ministry of Home Affairs, the

planes were grounded as

surety for a bail bond granted

to one of the TANZANAIR

directors, Mrs. Angelikh

Samaras, facing a criminal

•case. ^

"A^Ministry spokesman said

tpiR'lmßmm was lifted ä'fterji*'other'.iSrnmovable assets"

were obtained to secure Mrs

Samaras' bond.

TANZANAlK mantained thai u

had lost between six and eight

million shillings income, part of

which 500,000 to lm/- would have

been in foreign exchange, when

the fleet was grounded.

CSO: 3400/1822

104
TANZANIA

NYERERE RECEIVES LAST PART OF REPORT OF GOVERNMENT NAMED COMMISSION

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 21 Aug 83 p 1

[Text]

PRESIDENT Nyerere yesterday received the third and

last part of a report by a com -

mission appointed by the

Government in January, this

year, to recommend ways of

reducing expenditure and

raising efficiency in

ministries, government

departments and regions.

Presenting the report at

Mwalimu's Msasani

residence, the commission

fchairman, Ndugu Peter

Kisumo, said the final part

examined revenue collection,

control of expenditure and

efficiency of government function at the regional level.

He told the President that

his commission analysed

methods used by regions in

collecting government revenue

and the pattern of expenditure. The report includes recommendations by

the commission on the system,

he explained.

The first two parts of the

commission's report were

presented to * Mwalimu in

May, this year. They covered

ministries and autonomous

government departments.

Another commission was

formed to look into parastatal

H>iganisations and leeöüimend

cost reduction measures, including possible mergence of

institutions with overlapping

activities and scrapping those

without economic viability.

A statement issued by the

State House yesterday did not

say whether the other com -

mission had submitted any

report to the President.

The two commissions had

been given up to last April to

submit, for government action, recommendations for

short-term measures to improve efficiency and reduce

expenditure in the government and public sectors.

Medium and long-term action-oriented recommendations were expected to

be submitted to the government by June, this year.

The commission on

parastatal organisations is

,'chaired by the head of the

Planning and Economic Affairs Department of the Party

National Executive Committee (NEC) Secretariat,

Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad.

Each commission has 15

members and a technical

team comprising officials from

relevant institutions.

The chairman of the

'parastatals commission's

Technical team, Ndugu

Mustafa Mkullo said in

February, this vear, that they

had 120 out of over 400

established parastatals for indepth study.

The priority list included

institutions providing essential goods and services to the

economy and those exporting

goods, he explained.

CSO: 3400/1822

105
GOVERNMENT ASKS FREIGHT INDUSTRY TO USE SINOTASHIP

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Aug 83 p 3

[Text]

TANZANIA

THE. Government has

appealed to all national

institutions involved in freight

businesses, including the

Tanzania Central Freight

Bureau (CFB), to fully utilise

the services of the ChineseTanzania Joint Shipping

Company (SINOTASHIP).

The call was made in Dar es

Salaam on Saturday by the

Principal Secretary in the

Ministry of

Communications and

Transport, Ndugu Odira

Ongara, at the official opening

of \ the SINOTASHIP

headquarters which was

performed by Communications

and Transport Minister- John

Malecela.

Welcoming the Minister,

Ndugu Ongara said in addition,

to problems created by

transnational companies in dry

cargo handling services,

SINOTASHIP vessels had for

some years failed even to get

cargo from Tanzania.

Ndugu Ongara Urged

the CFB, the Tanzania

Harbours Authority (THA),

the National Shipping

Agencies Company

(NASACO), the Board of

External Trade (BET) and

other national institutions in

similar business to take the lead

in utilising the services of

SINOTASHIP.

He praised the Chinese

Government which had over

the years ensured that ships of

the joint company . got

sufficient cargo to operate

economically.

Ndugu Ongara said

Tanzania's decision to establish

the CFB was aimed at

overcoming the problems faced

by SINOTASHIP in securing

cargo from Tanzania.

The joint company was

established in 1967 at the

initiative of the Chinese

Prime Minister, the late Chou

en-Lai, and President Nyerere.

A capital of 30 million/- was

used to purchase two ships —

mv Ushirika and mv Asia--

Afrika. (

SINOTASHIP, which

serves the Far East, East

Africa, the Meditteränean and

Western Europe, has now

purchased a new ship — mv

Shunyi, which, after its arrival

next month, the joint company

will dispose of its first two ships

in a cost saving bid because the

ships are too old to be

economically maintained.

The new SINOTASHIP

headquarters was built at

7,055,447/- by the joint

company and a similar project

is being undertaken in Beijing,

the People's Republic of

China.

Ndugu Ongara said the

company, which had two

Tanzanian captains, had

embarked on a training

programme for Tanzanians so

that they could operate the

ships. He said some

Tanzanians trained as officers

and engineers by

SINOTASHIP had joined the

THA, Tanzania Railways

Corporation (TRC) and the

Tanzania - Shipping

Corporation (TASCO).

In his speech, SINOTASHIP

Managing Director of the

Chinese, side, Ndugu Chou

Qiuyan, praised the friendship

between the two countries.

The ceremony was also

attended by the Chinese

Ambassador to Tanzania,

Ndugu. Ho Guangkai, and a

Malawi five-man delegation led

by the Permanent Secretary in

the President's Office, Mr.

H.M. Mbale.

CSO: 3400/1822

106
TANZANIA

IFM CHAIRMAN ANNOUNCES SIX-YEAR IMF EXPANSION PROJECT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Aug 83 p 1

[Excerpt] The Institute of Finance Management (IFM) will undergo a 206m/-

expansion beginning this financial year.

This was disclosed yesterday by the Chairman of the IFM Board of Directors,

Ndugu Charles Nyirabu, at the Ninth graduation ceremony held at the Institute's

campus in Dar es Salaam.

He said the Bank of Tanzania, the National Bank of Commerce, National Insurance Corporation and the Tanzania Rural Development Bank had agreed to contribute to the construction expenses.

Other donors are the Tanzania Investment Bank and the Tanzania Housing Bank.

Ndugu Nyirabu, who is also the Governor of Bank of Tanzania, explained that the

first phase of the six-year project consisted of building students' hostels and

a dining hall at a cost of 92m/-.

He said, however, that the extension would be meaningless if it would not be

properly and exhaustively utilised. He called for articulate educational

programmes to be conducted at the Institute.

CSO: 3400/1822

107
TANZANIA

UFI TO IMPORT ANIMAL-DRAWN PLOWS FROM INDIA, ZAMBIA

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Aug 83 p 3

[Article by Sukhdev Chhatbar]

[Text]

CSO: 3400/1822

THE Ubungo Farm Implements

(UFI) will import a total of

35,000 animal-drawn ploughs

from India and Zambia this year,

the Acting General Maitager

Ndugu Ali Mussa has said.

Briefing the Tanzania School

of Journalism (TSJ) students,

who visited the factory

yesterday, Ndugu Mussa said

that the importation would help

to ease plough shortage in the

country.

He explained that UFI would

this year produce 20,000 ploughs

only. The amount needed in the

country annually is 126,000

ploughs. Some 20,000 ploughs

would come from India, and

15,000 from Zambia.

The General Manager said

that ploughs from Zambia would

be imported under the bartertrade protocol, but the company

will buy the consignment from

India in foreign exchange. He

did not disclose the amount.

Ndugu Mussa explained that

lack of raw materials, shortage of

water and frequent power cuts

were some of causes of low

productivity of ploughs and hand

. hoes by the company.

The factory has a capacity of

producing 1.98 million hand

hoes, 10,000 ploughs, 80,000

axes, 300,000 cutlasses and

280,000 plough annually.

The manager said that the

Swedish " International

Development authority (SIDÄ)

and the National Development

Corporation fTMDC) are working

out a rehabilitation programme

which would boost production in

the factory.

Meanwhile, the factory is

building a storage tank worth

5m/- to alleviate its water

problems.

The 300,000 gallon tank is

being built jointly by the Chinese

and local experts and will be

completed next month.

108
TANZANIA

BRIEFS

GTZ AID—-Eschborn, Wednesday—The multi-million shillings Tanga Integrated

Rural Development Programme (TIRDEP) has been described as the largest individual project undertaken last year in the Third World by the West German

Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), it was disclosed here today. According to the agency's annual report presented at Eschborn today, despite the

current economic difficulties, the agency was working in 106 Third World

countries, providing, among other things, well up to 2,000 specialists. The

report said poorest countries benefited in particular from the assistance of

the government-backed agency which carries out technical cooperation projects

on behalf of the Bonn Government. Tanzania received the second highest amount

of financial assistance—about 158.4m/- (39.6 million deutschemarks) out of a

total of about 1,711.6m/- (427.9 million deutschemarks) provided to Africa

from about 3,576m/- (894 million deutschemarks) said to be in "public commission flowing into the continent." The largest single project undertaken by

the Federal Republic of Germany in Tanzania during the period under review

was TIRDEP which it finances along with the Tanzania Government. Since TIRDEP

was launched in 1972, there has been some remarkable transformation of rural

development process in Tanga Region. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in

English 18 Aug 83 p 1]

FRG MAIZE GRANT~The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) has granted Tanzania

6,000 tonnes of maize under an economic and technical cooperation between the

two countries. The FRG Embassy Counsellor in Dar es Salaam, Mr Hartmut

Blankenstein, said the maize consignment was due in the country soon from

Malawi. He did not specify when, Shihata reported. [Text] [Dar es Salaam

DAILY NEWS in English 17 Aug 83 p 3]

IRAN RESUMES OIL SUPPLIES~The Islamic Republic of Iran is to resume oil supplies to Tanzania anytime now, following ironing out of some "technical difficulties" in a contract earlier reached between the two countries recently.

Iranian Foreign Minister, Dr Ali Akbar Velayati, told a press conference in

Dar es Salaam yesterday that the technicalities were cleared yesterday during

talks with the Minister for Water and Energy, Ndugu Al-Noor Kassum. Dr Velayati,

who is leading a 17-man high-powered delagation, said his country would be

ready to supply Tanzania with any amount of oil under terms similar to those of

the other oil exporting countries (OPEC). He observed that there was no drawing up of a new contract during the current visit, except that the two sides

cleared up some matters in the old contract. He said the contract had been

109
reached several months ago. He did not disclose the terms, but said it could

be extended as the situation developed. Dr Velayati said a ship could be

sent to collect the required oil supplies as soon as letters of credit had

been finalised. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 17 Aug 83

P 1]

TANZANIA-MALAWI ROAD LINK—Dar es Salaam—Tanzania and Malawi have reached

an agreement to construct a road linking the two countries. The agreement

was signed by the leadersoof the Malawi delegation, Mr (Mbale), and the

principal secretary in the Ministry of Communications and Transport, Ndugu

Odira Ongara, following 3 days of talks on the promotion of communications

and transport between the two countries. The five-man delegation arrived in

the country last Friday for a 5-day visit and is expected to return home

tomorrow. [Text] [EA240222 Dar es Salaam Domestic Service in Swahili

0400 GMT 23 Aug 83]

DEPUTY FINANCE MINISTER RESIGNS—Dar es Salaäm—The deputy minister for finance, Ndugu Vernance Ngula, has resigned. A brief statement issued by State

House today said President Nyerere has accepted Ndugu Ngula's resignation. No

further details were given. Ndugu Ngula was appointed deputy finance minister

in 1980 after holding the post of junior minister in the Ministry of Finance

and Economic Planning from 1977. [Text] [EA010605 Dar es Salaam in English

to East Africa 1000 GMT 27 Aug 83]

CSO: 3400/1840

110
ZAMBIA

PRESIDENT KAUNDA OUTLINES ECONOMIC PLAN

MB010528 Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 Aug 83 p 1

[By TIMES Reporter]

[Text] President Kaunda yesterday suggested a four-point plan of reviving

Zambia's battered economy in the next 5 years when he officially opened the

ninth UNIP [United National Independence Party] General Conference at Mulungushi

Rock of Authority.

Dr Kaunda urged Zambians to individually and collectively revive the economy

before the next general conference through:

—Creation of wealth through increased production in all areas of the economy;

—Setting national export targets which could be realised;

—Greater savings of national resources for re-investment into the economy,

and;

—Creation of more employment.

The president said if there were problems in increasing production Zambians

must solve them collectively, even if it meant holding an in-depth national convention on production and productivity.

On national savings, Dr Kaunda told delegates that increased national production

and high consumption "are mutually self-cancelling activities."

"If as a nation we don't save we deny ourselves the resources to engage in

investment or the creation of new capacities for increased wealth.

"There are two reasons for failing to save as a nation—either we consume all

our increased production or we use part of this increase to repay loans.

"So in the next 5 years we must not only commit ourselves to greater production,

but also to less consumption, more savings and higher investment.

Ill
"In that respect, I need not remind the general conference that we cannot go on

borrowing without losing our real sovereignty—however understanding the causes

of our present plight may be."

Zambia could not continue to afford the heavy economic burden of servicing her

debts.

The president took a swipe at parastatal, private and government investors who

spent a lot of foreign exchange on importing the latest and most automated

capital equipment which only reduced employment opportunities in Zambia.

This had created a situation in which scarce foreign exchange created fewer

employment opportunities than similar and well thought out expenditures could.

"The nation would be within its rights to impose on industry as a whole constraints in the importation of expensive equipment which creates very few

jobs."

Zambia could not continue to import equipment which deprived the country of

increased employment in the country of supply.

Dr Kaunda called for measures by the government to strengthen the technical aspects of applications -for manufacturing licences and he expected the state to

draw up credible criteria for their approval.

"There are far less jobs for the foreign exchange because this function is not

being executed."

Zambia must seize the export opportunities open to her, especially for agricultural products like coffee, tobacco and beef.

But export promotion must be tackled on a systematic basis to yield the desired

results and a careful strategy was needed to be adopted for import substitution

which used their raw materials from agriculture.

To improve economic performance, the next 5 years would have to be years of

reduced fringe benefits, reduced government spending and reduced overall

national consumption.

The president appealed to the nation to subject itself to rigorous discipline

to achieve maximum benefit from the rescheduling of its foreign debt payments,

reports Zana.

This discipline should include cost-saving measures which the government and

the Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation (ZIMCO) had instituted.

He warned the continuous generation of huge deficits in budgeting process could

be injurious to the economy because deficit finance led to distortions in the

economy including inflation.

112
The party and its government was making efforts to break the deficit spiral in

the economy by increasing production of goods and services to expand the tax

base for generating revenue to match expenditure.

In the present situation where the foreign exchange potential of the economy,

especially from mining had been hampered by poor prices, it had been necessary

to have recourse to external borrowing.

Zambia had over the past 5 years received financial aid for consumption and

capital from Western and Eastern bloc states and international financial institutions like the Africa Development Bank and the Arab Bank for Development

in Africa to aid the funding of infrastructure.

Dr Kaunda said the funding assistance Zambia had received from the International Monetary Fund was intended to bridge foreign exchange shortfalls and in the

long run facilitate economic recovery if the loan was used expeditiously.

Dr Kaunda reiterated that shortages of equipment in schools and drugs in

hospitals were caused by economic difficulties resulting from external factors

and not by bad policies.

The government would continue to provide free education and medical services as

these were elementary human rights not to be offered on the basis of the inrdividual's social status.

Zambians were urged not to be diverted from the policy of providing these

free social services by ill-wishers who pointed to the shortage of books and

drugs.

CSO: 3400/1840

113
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

NEW CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS—President Kaunda said today that leaders should

not merely preach words like love, truth, justice and fair play to manipulate

people, but they should actually exercise what they preached!. He said that

these were noble words which played a cardinal role in the fight for human

rights, and in the five areas of human endeavor. The president was speaking at

a swearing-in ceremony of 23 new members of the Central Committee, who for the

first time included two paramount chiefs, the Litunga of Western Province,

Liluta Yeta and Chief Chitimukulu of the Bemba. He told the new members that

in carrying out their new duties, they will need to radiate Godly love, adding

that the most important thing in serving God is to do it through serving their

fellow man. [Text] [MB291400 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 29

Aug 83]

PARTY CONTRIBUTIONS REQUIRED—The 9th Party General Congress currently taking

place at Mulungushi Hall [words indistinct] has resolved that top party and

government leaders and executives of parastatal companies will now be contributing between 2 and 1/2 and 5 percent of their monthly salaries toward the party.

This decision is contained in the latest issue of the government GAZETTE and

has been included in the party constitution, which has several amendments.

[Text] [MB260553 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 26 Aug 83]

DETERGENT SHORTAGE TO EASE—The end of an acute shortage of detergents which

has hit the country for weeks is in sight following the resumption of production of the commodity today. This good news was announced by an Indeco spokesman in Lusaka yesterday who said ROP, an Indeco subsidiary would start the

production of detergents today. He said in a statement: "ROP has received

stocks of sodium silicate, a vital chemical in detergent production from abroad

which has recently run out," the spokesman added. The spokesman also said

that production of detergents had temporarily been suspended due to a shortage of the chemical. The Indeco spokesman did not mention the current shortage of bread which has hit Lusaka resulting in early morning queues for the

commodity at bakeries and supermarkets. Many parents have resorted to buying

biscuits for breakfast because of the non-availability of bread. [Excerpt]

[Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 17 Aug 83 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1822 END

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